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] | 700 |
ra ##vana ##nu ##gra ##ha , depicting the demon @ - @ king ra ##vana shaking kai ##lash . the main cave blend ##s cha ##lu ##ky ##an architectural features such as massive figures of the di ##vin ##ities , guardians , and square pillars with custom capitals with gupta artistic characteristics , like the depiction of mountains and clouds and female hairs ##tyle ##s . layout : = = = shiva @ - @ par ##vati on kai ##lash and ra ##vana lifting kai ##lash = = = the carving on the south wall to the east of the portico depicts shiva and par ##vati seated on their ab ##ode mount kai ##lash . the four @ - @ armed shiva is seen with a
| 366 |
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] | 701 |
crown and a disc behind it ( all damaged ) , the sacred thread across his chest , and a dressing gown covering up to the knee . par ##vati , dressed in her finer ##y with her hair falling to the front , looks away . behind her at the right is a woman attendant holding the child , identified with her son ka ##rti ##key ##a , the war @ - @ god . many male and female attendants are seen behind the main figures . shiva ' s attendant , the skeleton @ - @ like b ##hri ##ng ##i , is seated at his feet . other figures , not distinct , depict , among others , a royal @ - @
| 223 |
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] | 702 |
looking tall person , as ##ce ##tics , a fat figure , a dwarf , a bull ( the mount of shiva ) , features of a ga ##rud ##a , and two monkeys . the scenic beauty of the mountain is sculpted with the sky background amidst heavenly beings shower ##ing flowers on shiva @ - @ par ##vati . this scene is interpreted as a gambling scene , where par ##vati is angry as shiva cheat ##s in a game of dice . the carved panel facing this one is a two @ - @ level depiction of ra ##vana lifting kai ##lash . the upper scene is mount kai ##lash , where shiva and par ##vati are seated . the eight @ -
| 223 |
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] | 703 |
@ armed , three @ - @ eyed shiva wears head ##ge ##ar with a crescent and disc behind it . most of his arms are broken , two of them resting on attendants ' heads . the par ##vati figure , seated facing shiva , remains only as a trunk . the panel is flanked by door keepers . attendants of shiva are also seen in the relief but mostly in a damaged state . b ##hri ##ng ##i is seated near shiva ' s feet and to his left is the elephant @ - @ headed son of shiva , gan ##esh ##a . in this ensemble , the ten @ - @ headed demon @ - @ king ra ##vana is seen ,
| 223 |
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] | 704 |
with only one head left un ##sca ##thed , and out of his twenty arms , only a few are disc ##ern ##ible . around ra ##vana are several demons . numerous figures are seen above shiva : the god vishnu , riding his mount ga ##rud ##a , to his left ; a skeleton @ - @ figure ; and in a recess , par ##vati ' s mount , a tiger is depicted . a legend relates to both these panels . once , par ##vati was annoyed with shiva . at this moment , ra ##vana , who was passing by mount kai ##lash , found it as an obstruction to his movement . upset , ra ##vana shook it vigorously and as
| 223 |
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] | 705 |
a result , par ##vati got scared and hugged shiva . enraged by ra ##vana ' s arrogance , shiva stamped down on ra ##vana , who sang praises of shiva to free him of his misery and turned into an ardent devote ##e of shiva . another version states that shiva was pleased with ra ##vana for restoring par ##vati ' s composure and blessed him . = = = trim ##urt ##i , ganga ##dhar ##a and ar ##dha ##nar ##ish ##vara = = = described as a " masterpiece of gupta @ - @ cha ##lu ##ky ##an art " , the most important sculpture in the caves is the trim ##urt ##i , carved in relief at the back of the cave
| 223 |
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] | 706 |
facing the entrance , on the north @ - @ south axis . it is also known as trim ##urt ##i sad ##ashi ##va and ma ##hes ##hm ##urt ##i . the image , 6 m ( 20 ft ) in height , depicts a three @ - @ headed shiva , representing pan ##cha ##mu ##kha shiva . the three heads are said to represent three essential aspects of shiva : creation , protection , and destruction . the right half @ - @ face ( west face ) shows him as a young person with sen ##su ##ous lips , em ##body ##ing life and its vital ##ity . in his hand he holds an object resembling a rose ##bu ##d , depicting the
| 223 |
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] | 707 |
promise of life and creativity . this face is closest to that of bra ##hma , the creator or um ##a or va ##made ##va , the feminine side of shiva and creator of joy and beauty . the left half @ - @ face ( east face ) is that of a mo ##ust ##ache ##d young man , displaying anger . this is shiva as the terrifying ag ##hora or b ##hair ##ava , the one whose anger can eng ##ulf the entire world in flames , leaving only ashes behind . this is also known as ru ##dra @ - @ shiva , the destroyer . the central face , benign and med ##itative , resembles the preserve ##r vishnu . this is
| 223 |
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] | 708 |
ta ##tp ##urus ##ha , " master of positive and negative principles of existence and preserve ##r of their harmony " or shiva as the yo ##gi yo ##ges ##hwa ##r in deep meditation praying for the preservation of humanity . the aspects sad ##yo ##ja ##ta and is ##hana ( not carved ) faces are considered to be at the back and top of the sculpture . the trim ##urt ##i sculpture , with the gateway of india in the background , has been adopted as the logo of the maharashtra tourism department ( mt ##dc ) . the ganga ##dhar ##a image to the right of the trim ##urt ##i is an ensemble of di ##vin ##ities assembled around the central figures of shiva
| 359 |
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"."
] | 709 |
and par ##vati , the former bearing the river gang ##es as she descends from heaven . the carving is 4 m ( 13 ft ) wide and 5 @ . @ 207 m ( 17 @ . @ 08 ft ) high . the image is highly damaged , particularly the lower half of shiva seen seated with par ##vati , who is shown with four arms , two of which are broken . from the crown , a cup with a triple @ - @ headed female figure ( with broken arms ) , representing the three sacred rivers gang ##es , ya ##mun ##a , and sara ##s ##vati , is depicted . shiva is sculpted and bed ##eck ##ed with ornaments .
| 223 |
[
"the",
"arms",
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"a",
"coil",
"##ing",
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"whose",
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".",
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",",
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",",
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"right",
"hand",
"touching",
"the",
"head",
"of",
"a",
"female",
"attendant",
"who",
"carries"
] | 710 |
the arms hold a coil ##ing serpent whose hood is seen above his left shoulder . another hand ( partly broken ) gives the se ##mb ##lance of shiva hugging par ##vati , with a head of matt ##ed hair . there is a small snake on the right hand and a tor ##to ##ise close to the neck , with a bundle tied to the back . an or ##name ##nted draper ##y covers his lower torso , below the waist . par ##vati is carved to the left of shiva with a co ##iff ##ured hair dress , fully bed ##eck ##ed with ornaments and jewellery , also fully draped , with her right hand touching the head of a female attendant who carries
| 223 |
[
"par",
"##vati",
"'",
"s",
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"case",
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"##hma",
"and",
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",",
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",",
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"figure",
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"##fer",
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"the",
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"who",
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"to",
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".",
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"many",
"di",
"##vin",
"##ities",
"and",
"attendant",
"females",
"at",
"the",
"back",
".",
"the",
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"setting",
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"the",
"sky",
"and",
"cloud",
"scenes",
",",
"with",
"men",
"and",
"women",
",",
"all",
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",",
"shown",
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"flowers",
"on",
"the",
"deities",
".",
"in",
"the",
"chamber",
"to",
"the",
"east",
"of"
] | 711 |
par ##vati ' s dress case . the gods bra ##hma and ind ##ra , with their mystic regal ##ia and mounts , are shown to the right of shiva ; vishnu , riding his mount ga ##rud ##a , is shown to the left of par ##vati . many other details are def ##ace ##d but a kneeling figure in the front is in ##fer ##red to be the king who ordered the image to be carved . there are many di ##vin ##ities and attendant females at the back . the whole setting is under the sky and cloud scenes , with men and women , all dressed , shown shower ##ing flowers on the deities . in the chamber to the east of
| 511 |
[
"the",
"trim",
"##urt",
"##i",
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"the",
"four",
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"-",
"@",
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"ar",
"##dha",
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",",
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"@",
"11",
"m",
"(",
"16",
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"@",
"8",
"ft",
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",",
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"##ss",
"(",
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"-",
"@",
"folded",
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"(",
"par",
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"depicting",
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"a",
"crescent",
".",
"the",
"female",
"figure",
"has",
"all",
"the",
"or",
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"##ntation",
"(",
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"arm",
"##lets",
"and",
"long",
"bracelet",
"##s",
",",
"a",
"large",
"ring",
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"jewel",
"##led",
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"fingers",
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"right",
"male",
"figure",
"has",
"dr",
"##ooping",
"hair",
",",
"arm",
"##lets",
"and",
"wrist",
"##lets"
] | 712 |
the trim ##urt ##i is the four @ - @ armed ar ##dha ##nar ##ish ##vara carving . this image , which is 5 @ . @ 11 m ( 16 @ . @ 8 ft ) in height , has a head ##dre ##ss ( double @ - @ folded ) with two plea ##ts draped towards the female head ( par ##vati ) and the right side ( shiva ) depicting curled hair and a crescent . the female figure has all the or ##name ##ntation ( broad arm ##lets and long bracelet ##s , a large ring in the ear , jewel ##led rings on the fingers ) but the right male figure has dr ##ooping hair , arm ##lets and wrist ##lets
| 223 |
[
".",
"one",
"of",
"his",
"hands",
"rests",
"on",
"nan",
"##di",
"’",
"s",
"left",
"horn",
",",
"shiva",
"'",
"s",
"mount",
",",
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"of",
"hands",
"at",
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"be",
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";",
"the",
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",",
"while",
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"left",
"hand",
"of",
"the",
"female",
"holds",
"a",
"mirror",
".",
"the",
"front",
"left",
"hand",
"is",
"broken",
"but",
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"##d",
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"holding",
"the",
"robe",
"of",
"the",
"goddess",
".",
"the",
"central",
"figure",
"is",
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"by",
"di",
"##vin",
"##ities",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"shiva",
"sl",
"##ay",
"##ing",
"and",
"##hak",
"##a",
"and",
"wedding",
"of",
"shiva",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"engraved",
"panel",
"in",
"the",
"north",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"aisle",
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"considered",
"to",
"be",
"a",
"unique",
"sculpture",
",",
"and",
"shows",
"b",
"##hair"
] | 713 |
. one of his hands rests on nan ##di ’ s left horn , shiva ' s mount , which is fairly well preserved . the pair of hands at the back is also be ##je ##well ##ed ; the right hand of the male holds a serpent , while the left hand of the female holds a mirror . the front left hand is broken but conjecture ##d as holding the robe of the goddess . the central figure is surrounded by di ##vin ##ities . = = = shiva sl ##ay ##ing and ##hak ##a and wedding of shiva = = = the engraved panel in the north end of the aisle is considered to be a unique sculpture , and shows b ##hair
| 359 |
[
"##ava",
",",
"or",
"vi",
"##ra",
"##bha",
"##dra",
",",
"a",
"fright",
"##ful",
"form",
"of",
"shiva",
".",
"in",
"the",
"carved",
"panel",
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"'",
"s",
"consort",
"is",
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"sitting",
"next",
"to",
"him",
",",
"looking",
"terrified",
".",
"a",
"female",
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"next",
"to",
"her",
".",
"the",
"central",
"figure",
",",
"which",
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"much",
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"below",
"the",
"waist",
",",
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"3",
"@",
".",
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"5",
"m",
"(",
"11",
"ft",
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"and",
"posed",
"as",
"if",
"running",
".",
"his",
"head",
"##ge",
"##ar",
"has",
"a",
"ru",
"##ff",
"on",
"the",
"back",
",",
"a",
"skull",
"and",
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"over",
"the",
"forehead",
",",
"and",
"the",
"crescent",
"high",
"on",
"the",
"right",
".",
"his",
"facial",
"expression",
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"intense",
"anger",
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"##ern",
"##ed",
"from",
"his",
"furrowed",
"brow",
",",
"swollen",
"eyes",
",",
"and",
"tu",
"##sk",
"##s",
".",
"the",
"legs",
"and",
"five"
] | 714 |
##ava , or vi ##ra ##bha ##dra , a fright ##ful form of shiva . in the carved panel shiva ' s consort is seen sitting next to him , looking terrified . a female attendant is next to her . the central figure , which is much ruined below the waist , is 3 @ . @ 5 m ( 11 ft ) high and posed as if running . his head ##ge ##ar has a ru ##ff on the back , a skull and cobra over the forehead , and the crescent high on the right . his facial expression is of intense anger disc ##ern ##ed from his furrowed brow , swollen eyes , and tu ##sk ##s . the legs and five
| 223 |
[
"of",
"the",
"eight",
"arms",
"are",
"broken",
",",
"attributed",
"to",
"portuguese",
"van",
"##dal",
"##ism",
".",
"the",
"smaller",
"broken",
"image",
"and",
"##hak",
"##a",
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"seen",
"below",
"b",
"##hair",
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"'",
"s",
"image",
".",
"it",
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"interpreted",
"that",
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"is",
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"##ing",
"him",
"with",
"the",
"front",
"right",
"hand",
",",
"as",
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"##d",
"by",
"the",
"spear",
"seen",
"hanging",
"without",
"any",
"hold",
".",
"also",
"seen",
"is",
"the",
"back",
"hand",
"lifted",
"up",
"and",
"holding",
"an",
"elephant",
"'",
"s",
"skin",
"as",
"a",
"cover",
";",
"the",
"elephant",
"'",
"s",
"head",
",",
"carved",
"tu",
"##sk",
",",
"and",
"trunk",
"are",
"seen",
"hanging",
"from",
"the",
"left",
"hand",
".",
"the",
"second",
"left",
"hand",
"depicts",
"a",
"snake",
"coiled",
"round",
"it",
".",
"the",
"hand",
"holds",
"a",
"bowl",
"to",
"collect",
"the",
"blood",
"dripping",
"from",
"the",
"slain",
"and",
"##hak",
"##a",
".",
"furthermore"
] | 715 |
of the eight arms are broken , attributed to portuguese van ##dal ##ism . the smaller broken image and ##hak ##a is seen below b ##hair ##ava ' s image . it is interpreted that shiva is spear ##ing him with the front right hand , as conjecture ##d by the spear seen hanging without any hold . also seen is the back hand lifted up and holding an elephant ' s skin as a cover ; the elephant ' s head , carved tu ##sk , and trunk are seen hanging from the left hand . the second left hand depicts a snake coiled round it . the hand holds a bowl to collect the blood dripping from the slain and ##hak ##a . furthermore
| 223 |
[
",",
"pieces",
"of",
"a",
"male",
"and",
"two",
"female",
"forms",
",",
"figures",
"of",
"two",
"as",
"##ce",
"##tics",
",",
"a",
"small",
"figure",
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"front",
",",
"a",
"female",
"figure",
",",
"and",
"two",
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"panel",
".",
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"head",
"of",
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"main",
"figure",
"of",
"shiva",
"is",
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"a",
"\"",
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"a",
"curved",
"groove",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"of",
"it",
"\"",
",",
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"can",
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"variously",
"as",
":",
"the",
"au",
"##m",
"or",
"the",
"ling",
"##a",
"or",
"a",
"shiva",
"shrine",
".",
"the",
"niche",
"image",
"carved",
"on",
"the",
"south",
"wall",
"is",
"an",
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"of",
"di",
"##vin",
"##ities",
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"around",
"the",
"central",
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"shiva",
"and",
"par",
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"getting",
"married",
"(",
"ka",
"##ly",
"##ana",
"##sund",
"##ara",
"icon",
")",
".",
"par",
"##vati"
] | 716 |
, pieces of a male and two female forms , figures of two as ##ce ##tics , a small figure in front , a female figure , and two dwarfs are also seen in the carved panel . an unusual sculpture seen above the head of the main figure of shiva is of a " very wide bottle with a curved groove in the middle of it " , which can interpreted variously as : the au ##m or the ling ##a or a shiva shrine . the niche image carved on the south wall is an ensemble of di ##vin ##ities assembled around the central figures of shiva and par ##vati shown getting married ( ka ##ly ##ana ##sund ##ara icon ) . par ##vati
| 366 |
[
"is",
"seen",
"standing",
"to",
"shiva",
"'",
"s",
"right",
",",
"the",
"ordained",
"place",
"for",
"a",
"hindu",
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"the",
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".",
"the",
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"damaged",
";",
"only",
"one",
"of",
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"'",
"s",
"four",
"hands",
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"fully",
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"and",
"the",
"right",
"leg",
"is",
"missing",
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"a",
"head",
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"##ss",
"with",
"a",
"shining",
"disc",
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"to",
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"well",
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"-",
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"draped",
",",
"and",
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"-",
"@",
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".",
"the",
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"his",
"chest",
".",
"par",
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"as",
"a",
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"figure",
"with",
"co",
"##iff",
"##ured",
"hair",
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",",
"well",
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"with",
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"tightly",
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"below",
"the",
"waist",
"only",
".",
"she",
"is",
"seen",
"with",
"a",
"co",
"##y",
"expression"
] | 717 |
is seen standing to shiva ' s right , the ordained place for a hindu bride at the wedding . the carvings are substantially damaged ; only one of shiva ' s four hands is fully seen and the right leg is missing . shiva has a head ##dre ##ss with a shining disc attached to it . his garments are well @ - @ draped , and well @ - @ tied at the waist . the sacred thread is seen across his chest . par ##vati is carved as a perfect figure with co ##iff ##ured hair dress , well adorned with jewellery and is draped tightly to display depression ##s below the waist only . she is seen with a co ##y expression
| 366 |
[
"and",
"is",
"led",
"by",
"her",
"father",
"who",
"has",
"his",
"right",
"hand",
"on",
"her",
"shoulder",
".",
"even",
"though",
"both",
"her",
"hands",
"are",
"damaged",
",",
"it",
"is",
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"that",
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"left",
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"'",
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"right",
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".",
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"as",
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".",
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".",
"men",
"##a",
",",
"the",
"mother",
"of",
"par",
"##vati",
",",
"is",
"seen",
"standing",
"next",
"to",
"vishnu",
".",
"the",
"moon",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"god",
"chandra",
",",
"seen",
"with",
"a",
"wig",
"and",
"a",
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",",
"is",
"standing",
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"holding",
"a",
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"pot",
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"the",
"marriage",
"ceremony",
".",
"just",
"above",
"the",
"main",
"images",
",",
"a",
"galaxy",
"of",
"di",
"##vin",
"##ities"
] | 718 |
and is led by her father who has his right hand on her shoulder . even though both her hands are damaged , it is in ##fer ##red that her left hand clasped shiva ' s right hand as a mark of holy alliance . bra ##hma is sitting as the off ##icia ##ting priest for the marriage . vishnu is witness to the marriage . men ##a , the mother of par ##vati , is seen standing next to vishnu . the moon @ - @ god chandra , seen with a wig and a crescent , is standing behind par ##vati holding a circular pot with nectar for the marriage ceremony . just above the main images , a galaxy of di ##vin ##ities
| 418 |
[
",",
"bearded",
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",",
"ap",
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"##mp",
"##hs",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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"##ara",
"##ja",
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"=",
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",",
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",",
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".",
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"in",
"padma",
"##san",
"##a",
"yo",
"##gic"
] | 719 |
, bearded sage ##s , ap ##sar ##as ( ny ##mp ##hs ) , vi ##dya ##dhar ##as , ya ##kshi ##s , gan ##dhar ##vas , b ##hri ##ng ##i , and other male and female attendants are seen as witness to the marriage ceremony shower ##ing flowers on the divine couple . = = = yo ##gis ##h ##vara and nat ##ara ##ja = = = the panel to the east of the north portico is shiva in a yo ##gic position called yo ##gis ##vara , maha ##yo ##gi , dharma ##raj ##a and la ##ku ##lish . resembling a buddha , shiva is in a dilapidated condition with only two broken arms . shiva is seated in padma ##san ##a yo ##gic
| 223 |
[
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"as",
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"sun",
"##flower",
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".",
"these"
] | 720 |
posture ( cross legged ) on a lotus carried by two naga ##s . his crown is carved with details adorned by a crescent , a round fr ##ill at the back , and hair curls dropping on either side of the shoulders . his face is calm in mediation , his eyes half @ - @ closed . this represents shiva in pena ##nce sitting amidst the himalayan mountains after the death of his first wife sat ##i , who was later reborn as par ##vati . he is surrounded by di ##vin ##ities in the sky and attendants below . also seen is a plant ##ain with three leaves already open and one opening , as well as a sun ##flower blossom . these
| 223 |
[
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"panel",
"carving",
"in",
"the",
"west",
"niche"
] | 721 |
are flanked by two attendants . other figures disc ##ern ##ed from a study of the broken images are : vishnu riding ga ##rud ##a on a plant ##ain leaf ; the sun @ - @ god sur ##ya riding a fully saddle ##d horse ( head missing ) ; a saint with a rosary ; two female figures in the sky draped up to their thighs ; a face ##less figure of the moon with a water container ; three identical figures of a male flanked by two females ; the skeleton of a sage ; bra ##hma ( without one arm ) riding a swan ; and ind ##ra without his mount ( elephant missing ) . the panel carving in the west niche
| 388 |
[
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"broken",
"at",
"the",
"elbow",
".",
"the",
"third"
] | 722 |
opposite yo ##gis ##h ##vara depicts shiva as nat ##ara ##ja performing the tan ##dav ##a ( cosmic dance ) . the niche is 4 m ( 13 ft ) wide and 3 @ . @ 4 m ( 11 ft ) high and set low on the wall . he wears well @ - @ decorated head ##ge ##ar . the shiva image displays a dance pose and had ten arms , but the first right and third left hands are missing . the remaining first right arm is held across the breast and touches the left side , the second right hand that is seen damaged with an out @ - @ fl ##ay ##ing pose is broken at the elbow . the third
| 223 |
[
"arm",
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"and",
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"stands",
"to",
"the",
"left",
"of",
"shiva"
] | 723 |
arm is damaged at the elbow , and the fourth is also broken but in ##fer ##red to have held a k ##hat ##van ##ga ( skull @ - @ club ) . the left arms , seen hanging , are damaged near the wrists . the third hand is bent ( but broken ) towards par ##vati standing on the side and the fourth hand is raised up . the right thigh ( broken ) is lifted up , and the left leg is not seen at all , the elaborate arm ##lets are well @ - @ preserved and a skirt round the waist is tied by a ribbon . a tall fig ##uri ##ne of par ##vati stands to the left of shiva
| 223 |
[
",",
"which",
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"the",
"yo",
"##ni",
",",
"and",
"the",
"symbol",
"of",
"par"
] | 724 |
, which is also seen partly broken but well be ##je ##well ##ed . an airborne female figure is seen behind par ##vati . other figures seen in the relief are : vishnu riding a ga ##rud ##a ; ind ##ra riding his elephant ; the elephant @ - @ headed gan ##esh ##a ; ka ##rti ##key ##a ; b ##hr ##ng ##i ; sage ##s and attendants . the central shrine is a free @ - @ standing square cell , with entrances on each of its sides . each door is flanked by two d ##vara ##pala ##s ( gate keepers ) . the ling ##a , the symbol of shiva in union with the yo ##ni , and the symbol of par
| 366 |
[
"##vati",
"together",
"symbol",
"##ise",
"the",
"supreme",
"unity",
"that",
"is",
"dei",
"##fied",
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"shrine",
".",
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"ling",
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"platform",
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"of",
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"@",
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"m",
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"5",
"ft",
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"in",
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"six",
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"this",
"level",
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"floor",
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".",
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"height",
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"d",
"##vara",
"##pala",
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"4",
"@",
".",
"@",
"521",
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"4",
"@",
".",
"@",
"62",
"##3",
"m",
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"14",
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".",
"@",
"83",
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"15",
"@",
".",
"@",
"17",
"ft",
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".",
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"condition",
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"at",
"the",
"southern",
"door",
"to",
"the",
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".",
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"many",
"unusual",
"features",
"–",
"unusual",
"head",
"##ge",
"##ar",
";",
"a",
"large"
] | 725 |
##vati together symbol ##ise the supreme unity that is dei ##fied by the shrine . the ling ##a is set on a raised platform above the floor of the shrine by 1 @ . @ 8 m ( 5 ft 11 in ) . six steps lead to this level from the floor level . the height of the eight d ##vara ##pala ##s varies from 4 @ . @ 521 – 4 @ . @ 62 ##3 m ( 14 @ . @ 83 – 15 @ . @ 17 ft ) . all are in a damaged condition except those at the southern door to the shrine . the southern gate statue has many unusual features – unusual head ##ge ##ar ; a large
| 366 |
[
"skull",
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"the",
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"lips",
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"earrings",
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"the",
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"right",
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",",
"and",
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"##s",
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"east",
"and",
"west",
"of",
"the",
"main",
"cave",
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"blocked",
",",
"though",
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"is",
"a",
"17",
"m",
"(",
"56",
"ft",
")",
"-",
"wide",
"courtyard",
"that",
"is",
"accessible",
"by",
"entering",
"the",
"eastern",
"part",
"and",
"climbing",
"nine",
"steps",
".",
"a",
"temple",
"on",
"the",
"southern",
"wall",
"of",
"the",
"court",
"depicts",
"a",
"well",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"preserved",
"fresco",
".",
"the",
"circular"
] | 726 |
skull above the forehead ; lips parted with protruding teeth ; statues adorned with a single bea ##d necklace , earrings , plain twisted arm ##lets and thick wrist ##lets ; a st ##ooped right shoulder ; a globe held at nave ##l level ; the robe is held at the right thigh by the left hand , and the legs are shape ##less . several courtyard ##s to the east and west of the main cave are blocked , though there is a 17 m ( 56 ft ) - wide courtyard that is accessible by entering the eastern part and climbing nine steps . a temple on the southern wall of the court depicts a well @ - @ preserved fresco . the circular
| 382 |
[
"pedestal",
"seen",
"in",
"the",
"courtyard",
"in",
"front",
"of",
"the",
"shiva",
"'",
"s",
"shrine",
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"the",
"east",
"end",
",",
"in",
"the",
"open",
"area",
",",
"is",
"said",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"seat",
"of",
"nan",
"##di",
",",
"shiva",
"'",
"s",
"mount",
".",
"on",
"each",
"side",
"of",
"the",
"steps",
"leading",
"to",
"the",
"temple",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cave",
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"is",
"a",
"winged",
"lion",
",",
"or",
"leo",
"##gr",
"##iff",
",",
"each",
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"with",
"a",
"raised",
"fore",
"##pa",
"##w",
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"the",
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"has",
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"at",
"each",
"end",
"and",
"a",
"ling",
"##a",
"@",
"-",
"@",
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"m",
"(",
"14",
"ft",
")",
"wide",
"and",
"5",
"m",
"(",
"16",
"ft"
] | 727 |
pedestal seen in the courtyard in front of the shiva ' s shrine near the east end , in the open area , is said to be the seat of nan ##di , shiva ' s mount . on each side of the steps leading to the temple @ - @ cave portico is a winged lion , or leo ##gr ##iff , each seated with a raised fore ##pa ##w . the portico has chambers at each end and a ling ##a @ - @ shrine at the back . five low steps and a threshold lead into the central ling ##a @ - @ shrine which is 4 @ . @ 2 m ( 14 ft ) wide and 5 m ( 16 ft
| 382 |
[
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".",
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"mat",
"##rika",
"##s",
"are",
"depicted",
"with"
] | 728 |
) deep and has a ci ##rc ##uma ##mb ##ulator ##y path ( pr ##ada ##kshi ##na @ - @ path ) around it . at the back of the portico , near the east end , is a gigantic statue of a four @ - @ armed door ##keeper with two attendant demons . at the north end is a standing figure holding a trident . his left hand rests on a def ##ace ##d demon @ - @ figure . the west wall depicts the ash ##ta @ - @ mat ##rika ##s ( eight mother goddess ##es ) , flanked by ka ##rti ##key ##a and gan ##esh ##a , the sons of shiva . some of mat ##rika ##s are depicted with
| 352 |
[
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"lotus",
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] | 729 |
children , but all of them are shown by their respective mounts ( bull , swan , peacock , a ga ##rud ##a , etc . ) which identify them . at the east end of the portico is another chapel with a plain interior and sunken floor . water drip ##s in this chapel . the west wing , entered through the main cave , is in a semi @ - @ ruined state . it has a small chapel and a cis ##tern enclosed within the pillar ##ed cave , which is believed to be buddhist . another shrine to the west of the courtyard , with a portico , has carvings of shiva in a yo ##gic pose seated on a lotus carried
| 366 |
[
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"in",
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"."
] | 730 |
by “ two fat , heavy , wig ##ged figures ” . this carving also depicts a three @ - @ faced bearded bram ##ha and several other fig ##uri ##nes . entering through the back door of the portico is a cave en ##sh ##rine ##d with a multi ##face ##ted shiva ling ##a erected over roughly he ##wn sal ##unk ##hs . at the door entrance on both flanks , statues of gate ##keepers standing over demons and two fat , poised figures are seen . on the southern side of the door is an ensemble of a number of statues . prominent among these is the shiva carving , which is depicted with six arms and the third eye in the forehead .
| 366 |
[
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"panel",
"are",
"a",
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"a",
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"a",
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"a",
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"head",
"##dre",
"##ss",
",",
"ind",
"##ra",
"riding"
] | 731 |
though in a partly ruined state , the carving shows shiva with an or ##name ##nted crown fixed with a crescent , seen carrying a cobra in the left hand , a club in another hand , and disc ##ern ##ed to be in a dancing pose . next to this image are a figure under a plant ##ain tree and a shiva image ( yo ##gis ##h ##vara ) seated on a lotus . also seen in the panel are a male figure riding a bull with a bell fastened to its neck , a female figure and another carving to left of shiva , a female figure with a jewel on her forehead with neatly loop ##ed head ##dre ##ss , ind ##ra riding
| 352 |
[
"an",
"elephant",
",",
"vishnu",
"with",
"four",
"arms",
",",
"holding",
"a",
"discus",
"in",
"one",
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"=",
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"=",
"=",
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"@",
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"@",
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"the",
"second",
"excavation",
",",
"which",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
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".",
"it",
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"a",
"chapel",
"at",
"the",
"north",
"end",
".",
"the",
"front",
"of",
"this",
"cave",
"is",
"completely",
"destroyed",
";",
"only",
"fragments",
"of",
"some",
"semi",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"columns",
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".",
"the",
"interior",
"has",
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"water",
"damage",
".",
"the",
"portico",
"is",
"26",
"m",
"(",
"85",
"ft",
")",
"long",
"and",
"11",
"m",
"(",
"36",
"ft",
")",
"deep",
"."
] | 732 |
an elephant , vishnu with four arms , holding a discus in one of his left hands and riding on ga ##rud ##a flanked by a small flying figure , and a male figure with crescent in his hair . = = other notable caves = = to the south @ - @ east of the great cave is the second excavation , which faces east @ - @ northeast . it includes a chapel at the north end . the front of this cave is completely destroyed ; only fragments of some semi @ - @ columns remain . the interior has suffered water damage . the portico is 26 m ( 85 ft ) long and 11 m ( 36 ft ) deep .
| 366 |
[
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"chapel",
"is",
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"by",
"eight",
"eight",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cornered",
"columns",
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"@",
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"chambers",
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"the",
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"an",
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"pr",
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"##ika",
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",",
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"a",
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"alligator",
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"fr",
"##ie",
"##ze",
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"and",
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"animal",
"figures",
"at",
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"a",
"door",
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".",
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"-",
"@",
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"are",
"now",
"in",
"fragments",
".",
"a",
"little",
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"the",
"south",
"of",
"the",
"last",
"cave",
"is",
"another",
"cave",
"in",
"worse",
"condition",
","
] | 733 |
the chapel is supported by eight eight @ - @ cornered columns and two demi @ - @ columns and is irregular in shape . at the back of the portico are three chambers ; the central one has an altar and a water channel ( pr ##anal ##ika ) , though the ling ##a is lost . the shrine door has some traces of sculpture ( a boy , a fat figure , alligator ##s on the fr ##ie ##ze , and broken animal figures at the head of a door ##ja ##mb ) . the door @ - @ keepers of the shrine are now in fragments . a little to the south of the last cave is another cave in worse condition ,
| 366 |
[
"with",
"water",
"damage",
".",
"it",
"is",
"a",
"portico",
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"which",
"each",
"end",
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".",
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"cells",
"at",
"the",
"back",
".",
"the",
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"door",
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"-",
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"on",
"the",
"jam",
"##b",
"and",
"arch",
"##it",
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".",
"the",
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"m",
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"20",
"ft",
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"deep",
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"5",
"@",
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"holding",
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"ling",
"##a",
".",
"south",
"of",
"this",
"cave"
] | 734 |
with water damage . it is a portico in which each end probably had a chapel or room with pillars in front . two of them have cells at the back . the central door at the back of the portico leads to a damaged shrine . the shrine door has door @ - @ keepers at each side , leaning on dwarfs with flying figures over the head , with door @ - @ keepers and demons on the jam ##b and arch ##it ##rave . the shrine is a plain room 6 m ( 20 ft ) deep by 5 @ . @ 7 m ( 19 ft ) wide with a low altar , holding a ling ##a . south of this cave
| 366 |
[
"is",
"a",
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"that",
"may",
"be",
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"as",
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"cis",
"##tern",
".",
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",",
"which",
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"va",
"##gh",
"##esh",
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".",
"this",
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"a",
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"of",
"the",
"north",
"entrance",
"of",
"cave",
"1",
".",
"a",
"ling",
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"near",
"a",
"small",
"pond",
"at",
"top",
"of",
"the",
"hill",
".",
"sculptures",
"depicting",
"a",
"stone",
"with",
"a",
"sun",
"and",
"a",
"moon",
"and",
"a",
"mother",
"suck",
"##ling",
"a",
"child",
"(",
"now",
"moved",
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"were",
"also",
"found",
"nearby",
".",
"across",
"the",
"top",
"of",
"the",
"ravine",
"from",
"cave",
"1",
"is",
"large",
"hall",
"known",
"as",
"sit",
"##aba",
"##i",
"'",
"s",
"temple",
"(",
"cave",
")",
".",
"the",
"portico",
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"four",
"pillars",
"and",
"two",
"pilasters",
".",
"the",
"hall",
"has",
"3",
"chambers"
] | 735 |
is a cavern that may be used as a cis ##tern . above these caves is a tiger sculpture , which was worshipped as the tiger goddess va ##gh ##esh ##eri . this sculpture may be a guardian of the north entrance of cave 1 . a ling ##a is also found near a small pond at top of the hill . sculptures depicting a stone with a sun and a moon and a mother suck ##ling a child ( now moved ) were also found nearby . across the top of the ravine from cave 1 is large hall known as sit ##aba ##i ' s temple ( cave ) . the portico has four pillars and two pilasters . the hall has 3 chambers
| 382 |
[
"at",
"the",
"back",
",",
"the",
"central",
"one",
"a",
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"rest",
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"##ze",
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",",
"and",
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"which",
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".",
"a",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"century",
"record",
"states",
"that",
"\"",
"this",
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"[",
"has",
"]",
"a",
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"gate",
"with",
"a",
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"of",
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"##ly",
"wrought",
"marble",
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"idols",
",",
"one",
"of",
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"##al",
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"and",
"a",
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"a",
"large",
"square",
"seat",
".",
"passing",
"along",
"the",
"face",
"of",
"the"
] | 736 |
at the back , the central one a shrine and the rest for priests ( both are plain rooms ) . the door of the central shrine has pilasters and a fr ##ie ##ze , with the threshold having lion figures at the end . the shrine has an altar , a water channel , and hole in the centre , in which a statue of par ##vati may have been worshipped . a 17th @ - @ century record states that " this cave [ has ] a beautiful gate with a porch of exquisite ##ly wrought marble " and two idols , one of goddess vet ##al candi and a head being in a large square seat . passing along the face of the
| 369 |
[
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"hill",
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"north",
"of",
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"##aba",
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"s",
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",",
"but",
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"towards",
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",",
"with",
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".",
"at",
"the",
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"of",
"the",
"north",
"spur",
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"the",
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"hill",
"is",
"a",
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"a",
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"stu",
"##pa",
".",
"=",
"=",
"preservation",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"threats",
"to",
"elephant",
"##a",
"caves",
"have",
"been",
"identified",
"as",
"the",
"following",
":",
"developmental",
"pressures",
"(",
"mainly",
"due",
"to",
"its",
"location",
"within",
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"mumbai",
"harbour",
")",
",",
"ant",
"##hr",
"##op",
"##ogenic",
"pressure",
"due",
"to"
] | 737 |
eastern hill to the north of sit ##aba ##i ' s cave is a small hindu excavation with a vera ##nda , which was probably to be three cells , but was abandoned following the discovery of a flaw in the rock . towards the east of hill is a dry pond , with large artificial boulders and buddhist cis ##tern ##s along its banks . at the end of the north spur of the main hill is a mound that resembles a buddhist stu ##pa . = = preservation = = the threats to elephant ##a caves have been identified as the following : developmental pressures ( mainly due to its location within the mumbai harbour ) , ant ##hr ##op ##ogenic pressure due to
| 511 |
[
"growth",
"of",
"population",
"of",
"the",
"communities",
"residing",
"on",
"the",
"island",
",",
"industrial",
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"of",
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",",
"no",
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"##ties",
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",",
"cyclones",
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",",
"and",
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".",
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"##a",
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"ensured",
"both",
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"legislation",
"and",
"by",
"physical",
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"of",
"the",
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"and",
"its",
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".",
"the",
"basic",
"legislation",
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"are",
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"the",
"ancient",
"monuments",
"and",
"archaeological",
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"act",
"of",
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"and",
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"1959",
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";",
"the",
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"##a",
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"(",
"protected",
"monument",
")",
"rules",
"of",
"1957",
","
] | 738 |
growth of population of the communities residing on the island , industrial growth of the port facilities close to the island , no risk prepared ##ness plan to address natural cal ##ami ##ties such as earthquake , cyclones and terrorist attacks , un ##sus ##tain ##able tourism and tourist facilities on the island , and poor management of the heritage monument . preservation of elephant ##a island as a whole with its monuments has been ensured both through legislation and by physical restoration of the caves and its sculptures . the basic legislation ##s enacted are : the ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains act of 1958 and rules ( 1959 ) ; the elephant ##a island ( protected monument ) rules of 1957 ,
| 355 |
[
"which",
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",",
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"a",
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"1985",
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"1",
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"-",
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"(",
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"62",
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"a",
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"state",
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"acts",
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"the",
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"the",
"1966",
"regional",
"and",
"town",
"planning",
"act",
";",
"and",
"the",
"1995",
"heritage",
"regulations",
"for",
"greater",
"bombay",
".",
"the",
"archaeological",
"survey",
"of",
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"(",
"as",
"##i",
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",",
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",",
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"of",
"the",
"above",
"legislation",
"and",
"rules",
","
] | 739 |
which prohibits mining , quarry ##ing , blasting , excavation and other operations near the monument ; the antiquities and art treasures act prom ##ul ##gated in 1972 with its rules prom ##ul ##gated in 1973 ; a notification issued in 1985 declaring the entire island and a 1 @ - @ kilometre ( 0 @ . @ 62 mi ) area from the shore as " a prohibited area " ; a series of maharashtra state government environmental acts protecting the site ; the 1966 regional and town planning act ; and the 1995 heritage regulations for greater bombay . the archaeological survey of india ( as ##i ) , aura ##nga ##bad circle , on the basis of the above legislation and rules ,
| 326 |
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] | 740 |
maintain and manage the monuments . the physical measures undertaken for conservation cover include stab ##ilis ##ation of the rock face , construction of supports to the cave structures where pillars have collapsed , and consolidation of cave floors and construction of a parapet wall surrounding the site . in addition , visitor facilities at the site have been upgraded ( such as toilet facilities , railing construction , pathways , and a flight of steps from the jett ##y to the caves ) . an on @ - @ site museum has been established and a conservation plan has been put in place . overall , conservation of the property is stated to be good . the site receives approximately 25 @ , @ 000
| 379 |
[
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] | 741 |
visitors per month . public information bro ##chu ##res are also available at the venue of the monuments . during the world heritage day on 18 april and world heritage week between 19 and 25 november there are special events held at the caves . another popular event organised is an annual traditional dance festival that attracts many visitors . after declaring the caves a world heritage site , unesco granted $ 100 @ , @ 000 to document the site ' s history and draw up a site plan . a part of the grant was used for conservation of the caves . based on assessments by unesco , management plans include : better communication and collaboration between the as ##i , on @ -
| 355 |
[
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"="
] | 742 |
@ site staff , and other responsible government departments ; improved public information and awareness programs ; monitoring environmental impact of tourists on the cave and island environment ; greater attention to the maintenance of the rocks to address water leak ##ages into the caves ; and daily monitoring of both structural and chemical conservation measures . the indian national trust for art and cultural heritage ( int ##ach ) is also involved with the archaeological survey of india in improving the local conditions at the cave site . a book has been published jointly by unesco , int ##ach and the government of india which presents a comprehensive site plan for restoration and a brief history of each sculpture constructed inside the caves . =
| 359 |
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] | 743 |
devin townsend = devin ga ##rret townsend ( born may 5 , 1972 ) is a canadian musician , songwriter and record producer . he was the founder , songwriter , vocalist , and guitarist in extreme metal band strap ##ping young lad from 1994 to 2007 and has an extensive career as a solo artist . after performing in a number of heavy metal bands in high school , townsend was discovered by a record label in 1993 and was asked to perform lead vocals on steve va ##i ' s album sex & religion . after recording and touring with va ##i , townsend was discouraged by what he found in the music industry , and vent ##ed his anger on the solo album
| 897 |
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] | 744 |
heavy as a really heavy thing released under the pseudonym strap ##ping young lad . he soon assembled a band under the name , and released the critically acclaimed city in 1997 . since then , he has released three more studio albums with strap ##ping young lad , along with solo material released under his own independent record label , he ##vy ##dev ##y records . townsend ' s solo albums , a diverse mix of hard rock , progressive metal , ambient , and new @ - @ age , have featured a varying lineup of supporting musicians . in 2002 he formed the devin townsend band , a dedicated lineup which recorded and toured for two of his solo releases . in 2007
| 908 |
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","
] | 745 |
, he disbanded both strap ##ping young lad and the devin townsend band , taking a break from touring to spend more time with his family . after a two @ - @ year hiatus , he began recording again , and soon announced the formation of the devin townsend project . the project began with a series of four albums , released from 2009 to 2011 , each written in a different style , and townsend continues to record and tour under the new moniker . across all his bands and projects , townsend has released twenty @ - @ three studio albums and three live albums . townsend ' s trademark production style , featuring a heavily multi ##tra ##cked wall of sound ,
| 905 |
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] | 746 |
has been compared to the styles of phil spec ##tor and frank za ##ppa . his versatile vocal delivery ranges from screaming to an opera @ - @ esq ##ue singing , and his songwriting is similarly diverse . townsend ' s musical style is rooted in metal , and his albums are written to express different aspects of his personality . = = biography = = = = = early musical career ( 1972 – 1994 ) = = = devin townsend was born in new westminster , british columbia , on may 5 , 1972 . townsend picked up the banjo when he was five , and began playing guitar when he was 12 . as an early teenager he befriended brian " bea
| 915 |
[
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"strap",
"##ping",
"young",
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] | 747 |
##v " wa ##dd ##ell , who would later play guitars as part of the devin townsend band and bass on the devin townsend project . he participated in several metal bands while he was in high school , and founded grey skies at the age of 19 . around the same time he joined a popular local group called ca ##ust ##ic thought , replacing jed simon on guitar and playing alongside bassist byron st ##roud , both of whom would later become members of townsend ' s flagship band , strap ##ping young lad . in 1993 , townsend began writing material under the name noises ##cape ##s , a project he later described as " just as violent as strap ##ping young lad
| 97 |
[
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] | 748 |
" . townsend recorded a noises ##cape ##s demo and sent copies to various record labels . relativity records responded to townsend with a record deal and townsend began work on what was to be the first noises ##cape ##s album , promise . shortly afterward , the label introduced him to musician steve va ##i . impressed with townsend ' s vocal work , va ##i offered him the role of the lead vocalist on his new album sex and religion . after recording sex and religion , townsend accompanied va ##i on a world tour in support of the album . townsend soon landed a second touring gig , this time with the opening band of va ##i ' s tour , the wild
| 807 |
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"a"
] | 749 |
##heart ##s . he played live with the band throughout half of 1994 in europe , and appeared as a guest musician on their single urge . ginger , the band ' s frontman , remained close friends with townsend , later co @ - @ writing several songs on infinity and the christ ##een + 4 demos ep . while on tour with the wild ##heart ##s , townsend formed a short @ - @ lived thrash metal project with metallic ##a ' s then @ - @ bassist jason news ##ted . the band , known as ir ##8 , featured news ##ted on vocals and bass , townsend on guitar , and tom hunting of exodus on drums . the group recorded a
| 918 |
[
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",",
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] | 750 |
few songs together , although townsend says that they never intended to go further than that . " people heard about it and thought we wanted to put out a cd , which is absolutely not true , " he explains . " people took this project way too seriously . " a demo tape was put together , but the material was not released until 2002 , when news ##ted published the ir ##8 vs . sex ##ot ##uri ##ca compilation . though townsend was proud of what he had accomplished so early in his career , he was discouraged by his experience with the music industry . " i was becoming a product of somebody else ' s imagination , and it was mixing
| 797 |
[
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"a",
"&",
"r",
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"for",
"road",
"##runner"
] | 751 |
with my own personality , " he later reflected . " this combination was app ##all ##ing . " he pushed to get his own projects off the ground . despite getting notable touring gigs with other musicians , however , townsend continued to face rejection of his own music . relativity records dropped noises ##cape ##s from their label shortly after townsend accepted va ##i ' s offer , seeing no commercial appeal in townsend ' s music . " i have a hu ##nch they only offered me a deal to get me to sing with steve , " he mused . while touring with the wild ##heart ##s , townsend received a phone call from an a & r representative for road ##runner
| 807 |
[
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] | 752 |
records , expressing an interest in his demos and an intention to sign him . the offer was ultimately res ##cin ##ded by the head of road ##runner , who regarded townsend ' s recordings as " just noise " . = = = heavy as a really heavy thing through infinity ( 1994 – 1998 ) = = = in 1994 , century media records offered townsend a contract to make " some extreme albums " . he agreed to a five @ - @ album deal with the record label , and also provided much of the guitar work on the 1994 album millennium and the 1995 album hard wired by vancouver industrial band front line assembly . townsend began to record material under
| 915 |
[
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"1995",
"."
] | 753 |
the pseudonym strap ##ping young lad . he avoided using his real name at this point in career , looking for a fresh start after his high @ - @ profile va ##i gig . " at the beginning , i wanted to avoid at all cost to use my name because i was known as the singer for steve va ##i and it wasn ' t the best publicity to have , " he later explained . " i was playing somebody else ' s music and i was judged in respect to that music . " townsend produced and performed nearly all the instruments on the debut studio album , heavy as a really heavy thing , which was released in april 1995 .
| 863 |
[
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"bass"
] | 754 |
following the release of the record , townsend and several other musician friends he knew in vancouver recorded his first solo album in 1996 entitled punk ##y br ##ust ##er – cooked on ph ##onic ##s . written and recorded in under a month , the album was produced as a parody of punk rock bands and documents the act of selling out for mainstream success . townsend founded his own independent record label , he ##vy ##dev ##y records , to release the album . townsend assembled a permanent lineup of strap ##ping young lad to record city , including prolific metal drummer gene hog ##lan , along with townsend ' s former band ##mates jed simon on guitar and byron st ##roud on bass
| 915 |
[
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",",
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"a",
"mental",
"breakdown",
".",
"\"",
"i",
"started"
] | 755 |
. the industrial @ - @ influenced album was released in 1997 . to this day , the album is widely considered strap ##ping young lad ' s best work , with metal mania ##cs calling it " groundbreaking " and revolver naming it " one of the greatest metal albums of all time " . townsend himself considers it the band ' s " ultimate " album . later that year , townsend released his second solo album , ocean machine : bio ##me ##ch . the album featured a mix of hard rock , ambient , and progressive rock . after the completion of city and ocean machine : bio ##me ##ch , townsend began to approach a mental breakdown . " i started
| 907 |
[
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"he",
"was"
] | 756 |
to see human beings as little lone ##some , water based , pink meat , " he explained , " life forms pushing air through themselves and making noises that the other little pieces of meat seemed to understand . " in 1997 , he checked himself into a mental @ - @ health hospital , where he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder . the diagnosis helped him understand where the two sides of his music were coming from ; he felt his disorder " gave birth to the two extremes that are strap ##ping ' s city record and ocean machine : bio ##me ##ch . " after being discharged from the hospital , townsend found that " everything just clicked " and he was
| 205 |
[
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"nature",
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"his",
"projects"
] | 757 |
able to write his third solo album , infinity , which he described as " the parent project " of city and ocean machine : bio ##me ##ch , with music influenced by broadway . townsend returned to the studio , accompanied by hog ##lan , to work on the album , on which townsend played most of the instruments . infinity was released in october 1998 . later in his career , townsend has cited infinity as his favorite solo record . with infinity , townsend began to label all albums outside of strap ##ping young lad under his own name , dropping the ocean machine moniker , to reduce confusion . he wanted to show that despite the highly varied nature of his projects
| 807 |
[
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",",
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] | 758 |
, they are all simply aspects of his identity . the album bio ##me ##ch was re ##lab ##ele ##d and red ##ist ##ri ##bu ##ted as ocean machine : bio ##me ##ch , under townsend ' s name , to reflect the new arrangement . townsend ' s band ##mates began to play two sets at their shows , one as strap ##ping young lad , and one as the devin townsend band , playing songs from townsend ' s solo albums . = = = physicist and terri ##a ( 1999 – 2001 ) = = = townsend ' s next project took several years to come to fruit ##ion . after the creation of the ir ##8 demo tape , townsend and jason
| 29 |
[
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"featured"
] | 759 |
news ##ted had begun work on a new project called fi ##zzi ##cis ##t , which they described as " heavier than strap ##ping young lad " . when the ir ##8 tape was leaked , news ##ted ' s metallic ##a band ##mates james het ##field and lars ulrich learned of the project . het ##field was " fucking pissed " that news ##ted was playing outside the band , and news ##ted was prevented by his band ##mates from working on any more side projects . with the project stalled , townsend instead wrote the album himself , en ##ti ##tling it physicist . townsend assembled his strap ##ping young lad band ##mates to record it , the only time this lineup was featured
| 56 |
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] | 760 |
on a devin townsend album . the thrash @ - @ influenced physicist was released in june 2000 , and is generally considered a low point in townsend ' s career . hog ##lan and the rest of the band were dissatisfied with the way the sound was mixed , and townsend considers it his worst album to date . feeling he had " os ##tra ##ci ##zed a bunch of fans " with physicist , townsend felt he had the chance to make a more personal and honest record . townsend was inspired one morning while driving across canada with his band , and looked to write an " intro ##sp ##ect ##ive " album dedicated to his homeland . he produced and recorded terri
| 797 |
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"as",
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"to",
"the"
] | 761 |
##a , a " highly illustrated stream @ - @ of @ - @ consciousness " album , with gene hog ##lan on drums , craig mc ##far ##land on bass and jamie meyer on keyboards . townsend cited wee ##n ' s white pepper as an inspiration for the album . terri ##a was released in november 2001 . = = = strap ##ping young lad through sync ##hes ##tra ( 2003 – 2006 ) = = = townsend ' s solo run lasted until 2002 . after a five @ - @ year break from recording , strap ##ping young lad reunited to record a new album . townsend credits the album , strap ##ping young lad , as an emotional response to the
| 797 |
[
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"of",
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"11",
",",
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",",
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"-",
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"was",
"released",
"in"
] | 762 |
attacks of september 11 , 2001 , in the united states . " if the world ' s about to blow up , " said townsend , " let ' s write the soundtrack for it . " the album ' s lyrics were based more around fear and ins ##ec ##urity than the " hostile " lyrics of city . musically , strap ##ping young lad was less industrial than city , and more reminiscent of death metal , with a " larger @ - @ than @ - @ life " rock production style . townsend cited front line assembly , gr ##ot ##us , and sam ##ael ' s passage as influences . the self @ - @ titled album was released in
| 891 |
[
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",",
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"did",
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] | 763 |
february 2003 . it received luke ##war ##m reviews , with critics finding it inferior to city , but it was the band ' s first charting album , entering at 97 ##th place on billboard ' s top heats ##ee ##kers chart . while strap ##ping young lad was being reunited , townsend formed a new , permanent band " on par with strap ##ping " to record and tour for his solo releases . the devin townsend band consisted of brian " bea ##v " wa ##dd ##ell on guitar , mike young on bass , ryan van poe ##der ##oo ##yen on drums , and dave young on keyboards . townsend performed guitar , vocals , and production , as he did in
| 918 |
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".",
"\"",
"prior",
"to",
"the"
] | 764 |
strap ##ping young lad . townsend worked on the band ' s first album , accelerated evolution , at the same time he was working on strap ##ping young lad , spending half the week on one and half on the other . accelerated evolution , named for the pace of putting a new band together in under a year , was released a month after strap ##ping young lad . mike g . of metal mania ##cs called it " the album of the year " , praising it for " the hard @ - @ to @ - @ accomplish trick of being extreme yet accessible , simultaneously heavy ' n ' rock ##in ' yet majestic and beautiful . " prior to the
| 97 |
[
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"bipolar",
"disorder",
".",
"\"",
"i",
"think"
] | 765 |
formation of the devin townsend band , townsend had represented his solo releases live with the strap ##ping young lad lineup ; the band would play one set of strap ##ping young lad songs and one set of devin townsend songs . after the release of accelerated evolution , townsend ' s two bands toured separately for their separate albums . strap ##ping young lad began working on their next album , alien , in march 2004 . feeling that the band ' s previous album did not live up to expectations , townsend decided to take his music to a new extreme . to prepare for the new album , townsend stopped taking the medication prescribed to treat his bipolar disorder . " i think
| 97 |
[
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"devin"
] | 766 |
that as an artist , in order for me to get to the next plateau , i kind of feel the need to explore things and sometimes that exploration leads you to places that are a little crazy , " he explains . " and alien was no exception with that . " although townsend considered the album an " imp ##ene ##tra ##ble mass of technical ##ity " , it was well received on its release , selling 3 @ , @ 69 ##7 copies in its first week and appearing on several billboard charts . around this time , townsend also contributed to the soundtrack of the video game fallout : brotherhood of steel . shortly thereafter townsend began putting together the next devin
| 922 |
[
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"##cie",
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] | 767 |
townsend band record , with the working title human . townsend intended the album as the more " pleasant " counterpart to alien . " it ' s basically a record about coming back down to earth after being in space with alien for a while . " the album ended up being renamed sync ##hes ##tra and was released in january 2006 . townsend showcased a wide variety of musical styles in sync ##hes ##tra , blending his trademark " pop metal " with influences from folk , polka , and middle eastern music . the final strap ##ping young lad album , the new black , was released later in 2006 . = = = z ##il ##to ##id the om ##nis ##cie ##nt
| 97 |
[
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] | 768 |
and hiatus ( 2006 – 2008 ) = = = townsend withdrew from touring to spend time with his family . from home , townsend completed his second solo ambient album , the hum ##mer , releasing it exclusively on his website in november 2006 . in may 2007 , townsend released z ##il ##to ##id the om ##nis ##cie ##nt , a tongue @ - @ in @ - @ cheek rock opera about the eponymous fictional alien . this was truly a solo album ; he programmed the drums using drum ##kit from hell , a software drum machine that uses samples recorded by tomas ha ##ake of mesh ##ug ##ga ##h and played all other instruments himself . shortly after the album '
| 798 |
[
"s",
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",",
"bore",
"a",
"striking",
"resemblance",
"to",
"townsend"
] | 769 |
s release , townsend announced that he no longer planned to tour or make albums with strap ##ping young lad or the devin townsend band . he explained that he was " burnt out on travelling , touring , and self promotion " and wished to do production work , write albums , and spend time with his family without the stress of interviews or touring . in 2008 , townsend lent his voice to characters in several episodes of the adult swim cartoon metal ##oca ##ly ##pse ( see musician cameo ##s in metal ##oca ##ly ##pse for more ) . the original character design for pick ##les the drummer , one of the series ' main characters , bore a striking resemblance to townsend
| 907 |
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] | 770 |
. the series ' co @ - @ creator br ##end ##on small acknowledged the similarity , and altered the design before the series began . " we made sure he didn ' t look like devin townsend . we gave him the goat ##ee and the dread ##over so he wouldn ' t look like that . " = = = devin townsend project ( 2008 – 2012 ) = = = after removing himself from the music industry , townsend cut his trademark hair off and gave up drinking and smoking . townsend found it " disco ##nce ##rting " that he had difficulty writing music without drugs , and that he had trouble identifying his purpose as a musician . he spent a
| 820 |
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] | 771 |
year producing albums in absence of writing , but found it un ##rew ##arding and decided to " pick up the guitar and just write " . this began a period of " self discovery " where he learned " how to create without drugs " . over two years , townsend wrote over 60 songs , and found that they fit into " four distinct styles " . in march 2009 , townsend announced his plans for a four @ - @ album series called devin townsend project , with the goal of clarify ##ing his musical identity and being " accountable " for the persona he projects to the public . the project ' s concept includes a different " theme " and a
| 915 |
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] | 772 |
different group of musicians on each album . ki , the first album of the devin townsend project te ##tral ##ogy was written to " set the stage " for the subsequent albums . townsend channel ##led his new @ - @ found control and sob ##riety into ki , a " tense , quiet " album , which contrasts with much of the music he had been known for . additional female vocals were provided by che aimee do ##rval ( casualties of cool ) . ki was released in may 2009 . the second entry , a " commercial , yet heavy " album called addicted , was released in november 2009 and features lead vocals from townsend and dutch singer anne ##ke van
| 892 |
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] | 773 |
gi ##ers ##berg ##en . brian " bea ##v " wa ##dd ##ell was recruited from the devin townsend band to play bass . townsend returned to the stage in january 2010 , touring north america with headline ##r between the buried and me as well as cy ##nic and scale the summit . this was followed by a headlining tour in australia and a series of high @ - @ profile shows in europe ( for example co @ - @ headlining the brutal assault festival in czech republic ) . he headlined a north american tour with uk label mates tess ##era ##ct supporting , which began in october 2010 , and toured in europe with support from ae ##on zen and anne ##ke
| 97 |
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] | 774 |
van gi ##ers ##berg ##en . the third and fourth albums in the devin townsend project series , deco ##nst ##ru ##ction and ghost , were released simultaneously on june 21 , 2011 . in december 2011 all four devin townsend project albums with additional material were released as the contain us box set . townsend performed all four of devin townsend project albums in london and recorded them for a dvd box set called by a thread : live in london 2011 that was released on june 18 , 2012 . the first three shows were held at the university of london union , november 10 – 12 , 2011 . ki , addicted , and deco ##nst ##ru ##ction were each performed on one
| 905 |
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] | 775 |
night , respectively . the show for ghost was held at the union chapel , is ##lington on november 13 , 2011 . these four shows were each entitled " an evening with the devin townsend project " . despite the devin townsend project being originally a four @ - @ album series , townsend decided to continue working under the moniker and released the fifth album , epic ##lou ##d on september 18 , 2012 . again featuring anne ##ke van gi ##ers ##berg ##en on vocals , epic ##lou ##d appeared on several european charts , peaking at number 8 in finland . on october 27 , 2012 , devin townsend performed a one @ - @ off show covering his musical career called
| 56 |
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] | 776 |
the re ##tina ##l circus at round ##house in london . the 3 @ - @ hour performance was recorded in high definition and released on dvd and blu @ - @ ray on september 30 , 2013 . also in 2012 , townsend played bass on the debut bent sea album no ##ista ##l ##gia . he also produced the record . another project townsend has mentioned several times between 2009 and 2012 is obvious ##er , an album featuring " creepy , bass driven apocalyptic music " created with an " amp ##eg rig " and an " icelandic choir " . working with many projects simultaneously at that time , townsend stated in 2012 the obvious ##er project is v ##ying for pole
| 797 |
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] | 777 |
position until " he wakes up and says ' he wants to do it ' " . = = = casualties of cool and z ##2 ( 2012 – present ) = = = after deco ##nst ##ru ##ction and ghost , townsend announced a new album , casualties of cool , with which he started to work after the release of epic ##lou ##d . the album features che aimee do ##rval ( from ki ) on vocals and morgan ag ##ren on drums . townsend described the album sounds like " haunted johnny cash songs " and " late night music " , highlighting it will be different than anything he has done before . townsend referred the music of the album to be
| 797 |
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] | 778 |
" closest to his heart " at this point of his life , and that it is an important and satisfying project he doesn ' t want to rush . the album was completed on november 2013 , and a bonus disc was also made for the album , containing the left ##over material from the main album as well as songs from ghost 2 , the unreleased compilation of left ##over tracks from ghost . originally in 2012 , townsend stated that this album will be the sixth and the last album in the devin townsend project series , but he ultimately confirmed that casualties of cool is its own project . townsend also started a crowd ##fu ##nding campaign through pledge ##music to support
| 820 |
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] | 779 |
the release of the album . the funding quickly reached its goal , and all additional funds were put directly to townsend ' s upcoming projects . casualties of cool was released on may 14 , 2014 . the album was re @ - @ issued worldwide on january 15 , 2016 containing an additional dvd with live footage from the 2014 concert at the union chapel in london . from 2009 , townsend worked on a long @ - @ running album project called z ² , a sequel to the album z ##il ##to ##id the om ##nis ##cie ##nt ( 2007 ) . originally in 2012 , he teased he " may have just written the heaviest thing he ' s ever done
| 912 |
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] | 780 |
" for the album , and told there might a surprising lack of z ##il ##to ##id himself appearing on the album . however , in august 2013 , a london @ - @ based radio station team ##rock radio aired the first episode of z ##il ##to ##id radio , a satirical radio show hosted solely by z ##il ##to ##id , this being one element of the z ² project . townsend also discussed a " z ##tv " or " z ##il ##to ##id tv " is preceding the album . later townsend stated he has found the project hard to schedule and work with amidst touring and writing , stating " it takes a lot of effort " to keep the content
| 741 |
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] | 781 |
with tongue @ - @ in @ - @ cheek humour entertaining . after writing ideas for over 70 songs , townsend stated he is finally going to finish the whole project , followed by the announcement the album will be released on october 27 , 2014 . the recording process started in may 2014 , and the final project includes the album , a z ##il ##to ##id tv program and a live show , with a " big graphic novel comic " and a documentary . the album itself is a double album , with disc one being the main album and disc two featuring devin townsend project material ; according to townsend , the album ' s theme is " z ##il ##to
| 671 |
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] | 782 |
##id against the world " . the devin townsend project disc is called sky blue and the z ##il ##to ##id disc is called dark matters . after finishing the album , townsend stated the project was " punish ##ing " and an " absolute nightmare to complete " due to amount of material against tight schedules . he also described the hardship of the project by telling " if he was ever going to start drinking [ again ] , the last months would have been it " , but now " he ' s starting to get excited again " . later , " after the chaos of finishing it had subsided " , townsend stated he is really satisfied with the result .
| 684 |
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] | 783 |
townsend recently discussed at least a year @ - @ long hiatus , beginning after the z ² show taking place at the royal albert hall on april 13 , 2015 . during the indefinitely long break townsend intends to " rec ##har ##ge his batteries " , " get some inspiration and experiences " and to " see what the next chapter holds " for him . in 2014 , devin recorded a ' poppy sounding ' song in los angeles with producer brian howe ##s , but has decided against releasing . devin mentioned he is against the project being con ##tri ##ved due to the current hard rock under ##tones in popular music . he described it as a " luke ##war ##m
| 684 |
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] | 784 |
heavy metal devin song " . on december 11 , 2015 townsend announced via twitter that he was recording vocals for a song by steve va ##i . as of april 2016 , devin is in the middle of recording the seventh dt ##p album , entitled trans ##cend ##ence at armour ##y studios in vancouver . = = personal life = = townsend has been married to tracy turner , his girlfriend since he was 19 . she gave birth to their first son , rey ##ner liam johns ##tan townsend , on october 4 , 2006 . he is a vegetarian . = = musical style = = townsend designed his two main projects , the aggressive strap ##ping young lad and his more
| 808 |
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] | 785 |
melodic solo material , as counterparts . strap ##ping young lad ' s music was a diverse mix of extreme metal genres : death metal , thrash metal , black metal and industrial metal . townsend ' s solo material blend ##s many genres and influences , with elements of atmospheric ambient music , hard rock and progressive rock , along with pop metal and arena rock . he described it as " a highly orchestrated type of expansive music based in hard rock and heavy metal . dense and produced with a large amount of ambient elements . " despite strap ##ping young lad ' s greater mainstream acceptance , townsend identifies more with his solo material , and has never intended strap ##ping young
| 570 |
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] | 786 |
lad to be the focus of his music . = = = production style = = = as a self @ - @ proclaimed " fan of multi ##tra ##cking " , townsend has developed a trademark production style featuring an atmospheric , layered " wall of sound " . townsend has drawn critical praise for his productions , which " are always marked by a sense of adventure , int ##rigue , chaotic atmospheric ##s and overall aura ##l p ##yr ##ote ##ch ##nic ##s " , according to mike g . of metal mania ##cs . townsend mainly uses pro tools to produce his music , alongside other software suites such as stein ##berg cuba ##se , able ##ton live , and logic pro
| 675 |
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] | 787 |
. townsend ' s musical ideas and production style have drawn comparisons to phil spec ##tor and frank za ##ppa . townsend has carried out the mixing and mastering for most of his solo work himself . he has also mixed and remixed work for other artists such as ram ##ms ##tein , august burns red and misery signals . townsend mainly uses open c tuning for both six and seven string guitar . he now also uses open b tuning and open b flat tuning ( open c tuning tuned a half and a whole step down respectively ) on his six string guitars . townsend ' s technique varies from finger ##pic ##king , power chords and poly ##cho ##rds to sweep @ -
| 803 |
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] | 788 |
@ picked ar ##pe ##ggio ##s and tapping techniques . he is also known for his heavy use of rev ##er ##b and delay effects . he has expressed that he has no taste for sh ##red guitar , saying that " musically it doesn ' t do anything for me " and that he only solos when he thinks that he can within the context of the song . townsend ' s employs a variety of vocal techniques in his work , including screaming , growling or even false ##tto . his vocal range has been noted to be over 5 octave ##s ( c2 to f ##7 ) . townsend draws influence from a wide range of music genres , most prominently heavy metal
| 798 |
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"songs"
] | 789 |
. townsend has cited , among others , judas priest , w . a . s . p . , frank za ##ppa , broadway musicals , ab ##ba , new @ - @ age music , z ##ov ##ie ##t france , king ' s x , mor ##bid angel , bark ##market , gr ##ot ##us , jane ' s addiction , metallic ##a , cop shoot cop and fear factory as his influences , and has also expressed his admiration for mesh ##ug ##ga ##h on several occasions , calling them " the best metal band on the planet " . townsend lists paul horn and ravi shankar as the " two most important musicians in his life " . the two songs
| 806 |
[
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"for",
"the",
"jewish"
] | 790 |
that townsend credits with changing the way he thought about music are " the burning down " by king ' s x , and " up the beach " by jane ' s addiction . city was influenced by bands such as foe ##tus and cop shoot cop , and the new black ' s influences were mesh ##ug ##ga ##h , and " more traditional metal " like metallic ##a . he is also influenced by orchestral and classical composers such as john williams , trevor jones and igor st ##ra ##vinsky . = = disco ##graphy = = = zagreb synagogue = the zagreb synagogue ( croatian : zagreb ##ack ##a sin ##ago ##ga ) was the main place of worship for the jewish
| 169 |
[
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] | 791 |
community of zagreb in modern @ - @ day croatia . it was constructed in 1867 in the kingdom of croatia @ - @ sl ##av ##onia within the austrian empire , and was used until it was demolished by the fascist authorities in 1941 in the axis @ - @ aligned independent state of croatia . the moor ##ish revival synagogue , designed after the leopold ##stadt ##er te ##mp ##el in vienna , was located on modern @ - @ day pr ##ask ##a street . it has been the only purpose @ - @ built jewish house of worship in the history of the city . it was one of the city ' s most prominent public buildings , as well as one
| 348 |
[
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] | 792 |
of the most esteem ##ed examples of synagogue architecture in the region . since the 1980s , plans have been made to rebuild the synagogue in its original location . due to various political circumstances , very limited progress has been made . major disagreements exist between the government and jewish organizations as to how much the latter should be involved in decisions about the reconstruction project , including proposed design and character of the new building . encouraged by the 1782 edict of tolerance of emperor joseph ii , jews first permanently settled in zagreb in the late eighteenth century , and founded the jewish community in 1806 . in 1809 the jewish community had a rabbi , and by 1811 it had its own
| 207 |
[
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] | 793 |
cemetery . as early as 1833 , the community was permitted to buy land for construction of a synagogue , but did not have sufficient money to finance one at the time . by 1855 , the community had grown to 700 members and , on october 30 of that year , the decision was made to build a new jewish synagogue . the construction committee , appointed in 1861 , selected and purchased a parcel of land at the corner of maria vale ##ria street ( now pr ##ask ##a street ) and ban je ##la ##cic square , the central town square . however , a new urban planning scheme of 1864 reduced the area available for construction , and the community decided to
| 328 |
[
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"style",
"("
] | 794 |
buy another parcel of 1 @ , @ 540 square metres ( 16 @ , @ 600 sq ft ) in maria vale ##ria street , approximately 80 metres ( 260 ft ) south of the original location . = = = design and construction = = = fran ##jo klein , a vienna @ - @ born zagreb architect , was commissioned to build the synagogue . klein , a representative of romantic historic ##ism , modeled the building on the vie ##nne ##se leopold ##stadt ##er te ##mp ##el ( 1858 ) , a moor ##ish revival temple designed by ludwig forster . it became a prototype for synagogue design in central europe . zagreb synagogue used the already developed round arch style (
| 382 |
[
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".",
"it",
"rec",
"##eded",
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] | 795 |
run ##db ##ogen ##sti ##l ) , but did not adopt forster ' s early oriental motifs . the composition of the main facade , with its dominant drawn @ - @ out and elevated projection and the two symmetrical lower lateral parts , reflects the internal division into three nave ##s . at ground @ - @ floor level , the front was distinguished by the three @ - @ arch entrance and bi ##for ##a , whereas the first @ - @ floor level had a high tri ##for ##ium with an elevated arch and the quad ##ri ##folia ##te rose ##ttes on the staircase ##s . the synagogue occupied the greater part of the plot , facing west . it rec ##eded from
| 513 |
[
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"'",
"s",
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"town",
","
] | 796 |
the street regulation @ - @ line in accordance with the rule then still enforced in austria – hungary , prohibiting non @ - @ catholic places of worship from having a public entrance from the street . the synagogue had a wider and slightly higher central nave and two narrower nave ##s ; unlike forster ' s synagogue in vienna , it did not have a basilica ##l plan . construction began in 1866 and was completed the following year . the synagogue was officially consecrated on september 27 , 1867 , a ceremony attended by representatives of city and regional authorities , zagreb public figures , and many citizens . it was the first prominent public building in zagreb ' s lower town ,
| 366 |
[
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"5",
"@"
] | 797 |
and its architecture and scale aroused general admiration and praise . = = = 19th and early 20th century = = = with the new synagogue , an organ was introduced into religious service . the small minority of orthodox jews found this change to be into ##ler ##able , and they began to hold their services separately , in rented rooms . in the 1880 earthquake , the synagogue suffered minor damage and was repaired the following year . largely due to immigration from hungary , bohemia and mora ##via , the jewish population of zagreb quickly grew in size : from 1 @ , @ 285 members in 1887 to 3 @ , @ 237 members in 1900 , and then to 5 @
| 371 |
[
",",
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"quickly",
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"the",
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"of",
"the",
"jews"
] | 798 |
, @ 97 ##0 members in 1921 . the synagogue became too small to accommodate the needs of the ever @ - @ growing community . in 1921 a renovation was undertaken to increase the number of available seats . a 1931 plan to increase the capacity to 94 ##4 seats was ultimately abandoned . a central heating system was installed in 1933 . = = = demolition during world war ii = = = during the 1941 collapse of the kingdom of yugoslavia under the axis invasion in the april war , the independent state of croatia was created . it was ruled by the extreme nationalist us ##tas ##a regime . the us ##tas ##a quickly started with the systematic persecution of the jews
| 317 |
[
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"for",
"propaganda",
"purposes",
",",
"and",
"the",
"photographs",
"were"
] | 799 |
, modeled after the nazi germany approach , and at times even more brutal . racial laws were introduced , jewish property was confiscated , and the jews were subjected to mass arrests and deportation ##s to death camps in croatia and abroad . in october 1941 , the newly installed mayor of zagreb , ivan werner , issued a decree ordering the demolition of the pr ##ask ##a street synagogue , ostensibly because it did not fit into the city ' s master plan . the demolition began on october 10 , 1941 , proceeding slowly so as not to damage the adjacent buildings ; it was finished by april 1942 . the whole process was photographed for propaganda purposes , and the photographs were
| 207 |
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