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] | 800 |
shown to the public at an anti ##se ##mit ##ic exhibition first held in zagreb . it was also shown in dub ##rov ##nik , karl ##ova ##c , sarajevo , vu ##kova ##r and ze ##mun , as an illustration of the " solution of the jewish question in croatia " . a fragment of the film footage of the demolition was discovered five decades later by the film director lord ##an za ##fra ##nov ##ic during research for his 1993 documentary feature , decline of the century : testimony of l . z . ; 41 seconds of the film survives . this footage was also shown in mira wolf ' s documentary , the zagreb synagogue 1867 @ - @ 1942 ( 1996
| 348 |
[
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] | 801 |
) , produced by croatian radio ##tel ##ev ##ision . the synagogue ' s eight valuable torah scrolls were saved due to an intervention by leonardo gr ##iv ##ici ##c , an entrepreneur and industrialist who lived next door from mile bud ##ak , a minister in the us ##tas ##a government . he was also close to po ##gl ##av ##nik ant ##e pavel ##ic and the third reich ' s ambassador to croatia , edmund g ##laise @ - @ horst ##ena ##u . although gr ##iv ##ici ##c did not have a significant political role in the independent state of croatia , he was considered trust ##worthy . on october 9 , 1941 , he learned about the regime ' s plan to
| 348 |
[
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] | 802 |
start the demolition of the synagogue on the following morning . by that evening , gr ##iv ##ici ##c secretly relay ##ed the information to the synagogue ' s chief cantor , gr ##une ##r , and during the night , the torah scrolls were moved to safety . shortly after the destruction of the synagogue , the catholic archbishop of zagreb al ##oys ##ius step ##ina ##c delivered a ho ##mi ##ly in which he said : " a house of god of any faith is a holy thing , and whoever harm ##s it will pay with their lives . in this world and the next they will be punished . " . the only surviving fragments of the building — the wash @
| 427 |
[
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] | 803 |
- @ basin and two memorial tables from the fore ##court , as well as some parts of a column — were saved by ivo k ##raus . he pulled them from the rubble shortly after the end of world war ii . the wash @ - @ basin and the memorial tables are now in the zagreb city museum . the column fragments are kept by the jewish community of zagreb . = = reconstruction efforts = = only one in five croatian jews survived the holocaust of world war ii . between 1948 and 1952 , nearly one half of the surviving members of jewish community of zagreb opted for emigration to israel , and the community dropped to one @ - @ tenth
| 379 |
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] | 804 |
of its pre @ - @ war membership . the yugoslav communist regime national ##ized virtually all real estate owned by the jewish community of zagreb , including the plot in pr ##ask ##a street . all this , combined with the new regime ' s general hostility toward religion , made reconstruction of the synagogue nearly impossible . after world war ii , the vacant site of the former synagogue was used as a makeshift volleyball court . the volleyball court made way for a pre ##fa ##bri ##cated department store building , constructed in 1959 . the department store was completely destroyed in a fire on december 31 , 1980 , and was subsequently dismantled . despite some earlier ideas about a permanent department
| 330 |
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] | 805 |
store building on the same spot , and a 1977 architecture competition for its design , no construction took place . instead , the parcel was turned into a parking lot , which it remains to this day . after 1986 , the jewish community of zagreb began to consider a jewish cultural center and a memorial synagogue . two architects , bran ##ko si ##la ##đ ##in and boris mor ##san , both of whom participated in the failed 1977 department store competition , came forward on their own accord and contributed their ideas for a new jewish center in pr ##ask ##a street . si ##la ##đ ##in ' s vision was ultimately not accepted by the jewish community ; instead , plans were
| 364 |
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] | 806 |
being made for the construction of the cultural center and a synagogue , following an international architecture competition . however , despite support for the project both within yugoslavia and abroad , the iss ##uance of necessary permits was either stalled or denied by the municipal government . the project was not developed . by the autumn of 1990 , after the first democratic elections in croatia , the municipal government finally approved the project . an architectural competition was planned for january 1991 . political turmoil in the country , followed by the breakup of yugoslavia and the croatian war of independence ( 1991 – 1995 ) , caused the project to be put on hold again . in 1994 president of croatia fran ##jo
| 469 |
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] | 807 |
tu ##đ ##man said to ja ##kov bien ##en ##feld , council member of the zagreb jewish community , that they should build the new synagogue at the site of the former synagogue , which will be funded by the croatian government . bien ##en ##feld declined the offer believing to be inappropriate when 1800 catholic churches are left destroyed at the time , during croatian war of independence . in the meantime , the jewish community of zagreb sought to legally re ##ac ##qui ##re its property . the croatian den ##ation ##ali ##zation law was enacted in 1996 , and the pr ##ask ##a street parcel was finally returned to the community on december 31 , 1999 . by 2000 , reconstruction activities were
| 348 |
[
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] | 808 |
in ##vi ##gor ##ated again . an investment study was submitted to the government of croatia and the city of zagreb in july 2004 and revised in october 2004 . the architecture competition was planned for 2005 . however , a 2005 rift in the jewish community of zagreb resulted in formation of a splinter jewish community , bet israel , led by ivo and sl ##av ##ko goldstein . in september 2006 , the government of croatia formed a construction work ##group . it was decided that the project , estimated at the time at hr ##k 173 million ( us $ 30 million ) , would be partially financed by the government of croatia and the city of zagreb , and that both jewish
| 348 |
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] | 809 |
organizations should be represented in the work ##group . however , the involvement of bet israel was deemed unacceptable by the jewish community of zagreb , which is the sole owner of the pr ##ask ##a street property , and which also sees itself as the sole legal representative of the zagreb jewish community . as a consequence , the community and its president , og ##n ##je ##n k ##raus , refused further participation in the project under the set conditions . further disagreements existed about the design and character of the new building . fa ##cs ##imi ##le reconstruction , while feasible , was not seriously contemplated . there was a general agreement that the new building should also have a cultural as well
| 330 |
[
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] | 810 |
as commercial purpose . while the jewish community of zagreb envisioned a modern design reminiscent of the original synagogue , the bet israel advocated building a replica of the original synagogue ' s facade , per ##ce ##iving it as having a powerful symbolism . opinions of architects , urban planners , and art historians were also divided along similar lines . in 2014 and 2015 , the jewish community of zagreb presented new plans for a 10 @ , @ 600 m2 ( 114 @ , @ 000 sq ft ) multi @ - @ purpose jewish center and synagogue in pr ##ask ##a street . = 1806 great coastal hurricane = the 1806 great coastal hurricane was a severe and damaging storm along the
| 207 |
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] | 811 |
east coast of the united states which produced upwards of 36 in ( 91 cm ) of rainfall in parts of massachusetts . first observed east of the lesser antilles on 17 august , the hurricane arrived at the bahamas by 19 august . the disturbance continued to drift northward and made landfall at the mouth of the cape fear river in north carolina on 22 august . the storm soon moved out to sea as a category 2 @ - @ equivalent hurricane on the sa ##ffi ##r – simpson hurricane wind scale , persist ##ing off of new england before di ##ssi ##pati ##ng south of nova scotia on 25 august as a markedly weaker storm . several french and british military ships were
| 934 |
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";",
"in",
"all",
","
] | 812 |
damaged out at sea . in the carolina ##s , salt , sugar , rice , and lumber industries suffered considerably , and several individuals were killed . w ##har ##ves and vessels endured moderate damage , with many ships wrecked on north carolina ##n barrier islands . a majority of the deaths caused by the hurricane occurred aboard the rose @ - @ in @ - @ bloom offshore of barn ##ega ##t inlet , new jersey , with 21 of the ship ' s 48 passengers killed and $ 171 @ , @ 000 ( 1806 usd ) in damage to its cargo . upon arriving in new england , reports indicated extreme rainfall , though no deaths were reported ; in all ,
| 937 |
[
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".",
"the",
"hurricane"
] | 813 |
the hurricane killed more than 24 individuals along the entirety of its track . = = meteorological history = = the great coastal hurricane of 1806 was first noted far east of the lesser antilles on 17 august . weather historian david m . lu ##dl ##um followed the disturbance ' s track to the bahamas by 19 august ; intense winds persisted until 21 august , however , approximately 150 mi ( 240 km ) east of the baha ##mian island of el ##eu ##ther ##a . steering currents brought the storm northward , and it approached charleston , south carolina on 22 august , where a generally easter ##ly flow preceded the storm indicated its passage far east of the city . the hurricane
| 938 |
[
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".",
"while",
"offshore",
"new"
] | 814 |
made landfall at the mouth of the cape fear river in north carolina later that day , though the earliest impacts from the storm started several days earlier , with gust ##s initially toward the northeast but later curving southwest ##ward . reports of similar wind shifts throughout the region suggested that the gale persisted , stationary , for several hours . it eventually moved back out to sea while south of norfolk , virginia , departing the region on 24 august . the hurricane maintained 1 @ - @ minute maximum sustained winds of 110 mph ( 175 km / h ) while offshore , equivalent to a category 2 system on the sa ##ffi ##r – simpson hurricane wind scale . while offshore new
| 928 |
[
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".",
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"lighthouse",
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] | 815 |
england , the gale featured a swat ##h of winds 90 mi ( 150 km ) wide , and was last observed just south of nova scotia on 25 august slightly weaker , with sustained winds of 75 mph ( 120 km / h ) . the hurricane damaged several vessels while still drifting at sea , di ##sper ##sing and damaging jerome bonaparte ' s fleet and di ##sma ##sti ##ng the 74 @ - @ gun french ship of the line imp ##et ##ue ##ux , which later landed near cape henry . in charleston , south carolina , the hurricane washed aground several ships and up ##ro ##oted numerous trees , though damage to the city harbor was minimal . the lighthouse on
| 957 |
[
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] | 816 |
north island flanking win ##yah bay collapsed under high winds , and in georgetown proper , the hurricane was considered to be the worst since the 1804 antigua – charleston hurricane , despite its storm surge being of a lesser size . a cotton field covering 94 acres was ruined nearby . at smith ##ville , north carolina , numerous ships experienced damage , while considerable destruction to structures was observed , with many w ##har ##ves wrecked . meanwhile , at wilmington , the hurricane inflicted widespread damage , with many w ##har ##ves severely damaged , and significant losses sustained by salt , sugar , rice , and lumber industries . the gable sections of three masonry houses were destroyed by wind or water
| 957 |
[
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] | 817 |
, and wooden houses suffered especially badly , with many ob ##lite ##rated and those under construction flattened . one individual died after a wall collapsed and several slaves were killed , one by drowning , at local plantations . at bald head island , the united states revenue cutter service vessel governor williams was stripped of its fore ##mas ##t and subsequently ran ashore before being repaired and continuing on its journey . a second boat owned by the agency , the dil ##igen ##ce , was te ##ther ##ed at port in wilmington and endured no damage ; similarly , little impact occurred at new bern . throughout the storm , several vessels and supplies of stranded sailors were driven aground along the north
| 172 |
[
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",",
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] | 818 |
carolina ##n coast . on the bog ##ue banks , the remains of the adolph ##us and atlantic were discovered , and at the core banks , a dead body was washed ashore , partially eaten by fish . moderate damage occurred upon the hurricane ' s arrival in norfolk , virginia . winds toppled a number of newly built structures and chimneys , up ##ro ##oted trees and fences , and washed two water ##craft aground . after the storm , alterations to the shoreline around the chesapeake bay permitted the full establishment of a town at willoughby spit . the rose @ - @ in @ - @ bloom was caught in the hurricane while offshore of barn ##ega ##t inlet , new jersey
| 526 |
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",",
"new",
"jersey",
","
] | 819 |
, en route to new york city from charleston , but was struck by a large wave which overturned the ship , resulting in the deaths of 21 of its 48 passengers and the loss of $ 171 @ , @ 000 of its $ 180 @ , @ 000 ( 1806 usd ) cargo . the vessel only barely stayed afl ##oat , with 30 bal ##es of cotton preventing it from sinking entirely ; survivors were fe ##rrie ##d to new york by the british brig swift , which had then been traveling toward st . john ' s , newfoundland . the hurricane produced strong gust ##s within the vicinity of new york city , and at belle ##ville , new jersey ,
| 956 |
[
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",",
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",",
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",",
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"rainfall",
"amounts",
",",
"with"
] | 820 |
several peach trees were def ##oli ##ated and up ##ro ##oted . cape cod , massachusetts was struck by heavy rain and observed minor damage to its port . at edgar ##town , meanwhile , an individual witnessed torre ##ntial rainfall , recording that a barrel was filled with 30 in ( 76 cm ) of water , and est ##imating total rainfall reached 36 in ( 91 cm ) there , where the storm devastated local crops and beach ##ed five cargo ships . at brewster , meanwhile , severe damage to crops and salt ##ern ##s was noted , and 18 in ( 46 cm ) of rainfall was recorded . reports in boston , however , indicate more modest rainfall amounts , with
| 934 |
[
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"precipitation",
"rate",
"of",
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"@",
".",
"@",
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"1",
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"on",
"a",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"by"
] | 821 |
a precipitation rate of 0 @ . @ 40 in ( 1 @ . @ 0 cm ) per hour noted . = forward intelligence team = forward intelligence teams ( fits ) are two or more police officers who are deployed by uk police forces to gather intelligence on the ground and in some circumstances , to disrupt activists and deter anti @ - @ social behaviour . they use cameras , cam ##cor ##ders and audio recorder ##s to conduct over ##t surveillance of the public . an unsuccessful legal challenge has been made against their use of over ##t surveillance , but in 2009 the court of appeal ruled that they must justify retention of photographs on a case @ - @ by
| 247 |
[
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"two",
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",",
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"unit",
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"by",
"greater",
"manchester",
"police",
".",
"in",
"june",
"2010"
] | 822 |
@ - @ case basis . any retained information is recorded on the cr ##imi ##nt database . political activists have criticised fits and said that they feel the aim of fit deployment during protests is to prevent legal protests . journalists have also complained that fits attempt to stop them photograph ##ing protests and that they conduct surveillance of journalists . a campaign group , fit ##watch , formed in 2007 that aim to ob ##st ##ru ##ct fits and conduct sous ##ve ##illa ##nce on the officers . two members of the group were arrested at the 2008 climate camp on obstruction charges . a similar police surveillance unit , the video intelligence unit is operated by greater manchester police . in june 2010
| 251 |
[
",",
"the",
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"announced",
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"from",
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"police",
"officers",
"in",
"that",
"the"
] | 823 |
, the home office announced it would review the use of fits during public order policing . = = history and purpose = = fits were first formed in the early 1990s , as part of the public order intelligence unit ( co ##11 ) , a section of the public order branch of the metropolitan police . they initially targeted football fans , hunt sa ##bot ##eurs and political protesters ( since at least 1996 ) , using cameras , cam ##cor ##ders and audio recorder ##s to conduct over ##t surveillance of the public . the police officers wear full uniform , and are intended to be a highly visible presence . their uniform is sometimes different from normal police officers in that the
| 247 |
[
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"to",
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"in",
"reducing",
"reports"
] | 824 |
upper half of their yellow fluorescent jackets is blue . civilian photographers are also employed by the police to work alongside fits . according to scotland yard , the aim of fit teams at protests is to record evidence of protesters in case disorder occurs later on at a protest . more recently the teams ' purpose has been extended to routine police work on low @ - @ level crime and anti @ - @ social behaviour and police forces throughout the uk now have their own fits . despite the implication in their name that their function is to merely gather intelligence , they are also intended to have a deter ##rent effect . this approach has been reported to work in reducing reports
| 94 |
[
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"at",
"the",
"2008",
"camp",
"for",
"climate",
"action",
"which",
"praised",
"fits"
] | 825 |
of anti @ - @ social behaviour at times when fits are deployed in specific neighbourhoods . ja ##c ##qui smith , then home secretary praised operation leopard that used fits to target youths , in lai ##ndon , essex stating : " operation leopard is exactly the sort of intensive policing that can bring persistent offenders to their senses . . . relentless filming of them and their associates throughout the day and night " linda cat ##t , an activist , has suggested that their tactics are " designed to int ##imi ##date people and prevent lawful dissent " . this view is echoed by a police de ##bri ##ef ##ing of their operations at the 2008 camp for climate action which praised fits
| 251 |
[
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"told",
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"guardian",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"necessary",
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] | 826 |
at the event for disrupt ##ing activists . in june 2010 , the home office announced it would review the use of fits during public order policing . the move was influenced by the discovery that information collected by fits , included that which was unrelated to suspected crimes , for example recording who made speeches at demonstrations . in october 2010 , fit officers in plain clothes were spotted by a press photographer at a protest against companies avoiding tax , despite commander bob broad ##hurst telling a parliamentary committee in may 2009 , that only uniformed officers distinguish ##able by their blue and yellow jackets were involved in gathering intelligence at protests . the metropolitan police told the guardian that it was necessary to
| 247 |
[
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] | 827 |
deploy plain @ - @ clothed officers to " gather information to provide us with a relevant and up @ - @ to @ - @ date intelligence picture of what to expect " . it was the first time that fits are known to have been deployed in plain clothes . = = legal issues = = liberty brought a judicial review of the over ##t surveillance practices in may 2008 , which was decided in favour of the police , however the police were asked to clarify their evidence to the court of appeal , following an investigation by the guardian newspaper . in may 2009 , the court of appeal ruled that photographs collected by fits of people who have not committed a
| 464 |
[
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"'",
"s"
] | 828 |
criminal offence can no longer be kept . the ruling was made after andrew wood , an arms trade activist , was photographed after challenging the management of reed else ##vier at their ag ##m over them organising arms trade exhibitions . wood argued that police had harassed him and in ##fr ##inge ##d his right to privacy by photograph ##ing him . lord collins of map ##es ##bury said that the police presence had a " chilling effect " on people who were protesting lawful ##ly . fits have not been banned but they must now justify the retention of photographs on a case @ - @ by @ - @ case basis . as a result of the ruling the metropolitan police ' s
| 338 |
[
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"cr",
"##imi"
] | 829 |
public order unit , co ##11 was forced to del ##ete 40 % of the photos of protesters that it held . in a report about the policing of the 2009 g @ - @ 20 london summit protests , denis o ' connor , the chief inspector of constabulary , stated that the routine use of fits at protests " raises fundamental privacy issues and should be reviewed " . he also said that there was " confusion " over the role of fits and advised that the home office should issue guidance over the legal ##ity of the surveillance of protesters and the retention of images . = = information processing = = the information that fits collect is stored on the cr ##imi
| 87 |
[
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"gathering",
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"on",
"roughly",
"1"
] | 830 |
##nt database , which is used daily by police officers to catalogue criminal intelligence . people are listed by name allowing police to determine which events individuals have attended . photographs obtained by fits are used to produce " spot ##ter cards " consisting of people ' s photographs which allows officers to identify people at future events that they attend . for £ 10 , people are able to obtain a list of protests that they have attended from the data held on cr ##imi ##nt under laws in the data protection act 1998 . = = academic response = = a 2006 report , the economics of mass surveillance calculated that the use of fits at mass gatherings involves gathering intelligence on roughly 1
| 293 |
[
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"of",
"alleged",
"police",
"brutality",
"against",
"two",
"female",
"members"
] | 831 |
@ , @ 200 people to record the actions of one person . the report also noted that most of the people on " spot ##ter cards " , used by the police photographers , were those involved in the organisation of protests and that fits also attend meetings where demonstrations are organised . = = criticism = = fit ##watch ( formed in early 2007 ) campaign against fits by actively ob ##st ##ru ##cting their operations , and by passive ##ly opposing their operations by photograph ##ing units ( a form of sous ##ve ##illa ##nce ) . in june 2009 , the guardian released video evidence recorded by a fit at the 2008 climate camp of alleged police brutality against two female members
| 251 |
[
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","
] | 832 |
of fit ##watch . the women had asked police officers to reveal their shoulder numbers , as at least four officers had not displayed them . the women attempted to photograph the police officers for evidence , but were forced to the ground , restrained with handcuffs , and had their legs bound with straps . they were then placed in restraint positions , arrested , charged and held in custody for four days , including three days in hm ##p bronze ##field , before they were released on bail . the police later retracted all the charges against the women . the women lodged a complaint with the ip ##cc over the incident . the journalist george mon ##bio ##t commented on this case ,
| 247 |
[
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"no",
"borders",
"meeting",
"in",
"london",
".",
"in",
"july",
"2010",
"the",
"inner"
] | 833 |
saying that " the police are turning activism into a crime " and that " the fits ' methods appear to have been lifted from a st ##asi training manual " . he claimed that " anybody who is politically active is filmed , identified , monitored , logged , and cross @ - @ checked " . a police de ##bri ##ef into the operation at kings ##nor ##th praised the deployment of fits saying that they were " highly effective and gained good intelligence and disruption " . three members of fit ##watch were convicted for ob ##st ##ru ##cting fit officers in june 2008 as they attempted to photograph those attending a no borders meeting in london . in july 2010 the inner
| 247 |
[
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".",
"emily",
"apple",
",",
"one"
] | 834 |
london crown court overturned the men ' s convictions , with the judge stating that the protesters ' human rights may have been violated by the fit officers . on 15 november 2010 , the hosts of the fit ##watch blog were asked by the police national e @ - @ crime unit to take down the website due to it " being used to undertake criminal activities " . the request came after a post on the blog after the 2010 student protest in london , which advised students of actions they should take if they were concerned that they were photographed at the demonstration , such as cutting their hair and di ##sp ##osing of clothing they were wearing . emily apple , one
| 755 |
[
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"of",
"photo",
"##jou"
] | 835 |
of the founders of the site told the guardian , " nothing in that post [ giving guidance to student protesters ] has not been said before on our blog or on other sites " . on 17 november 2010 , the fit ##watch website returned , hosted on a web server outside of the uk . the national union of journalists ( nu ##j ) has criticised fits for their surveillance and sometimes violent harassment of working journalists . marc valle ##e , who was hospital ##ised by police after documenting a protest , has said that the teams limit freedom of the press and called on the home office to confirm that the police had no right to restrict the work of photo ##jou
| 755 |
[
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"bon",
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"@",
"-"
] | 836 |
##rna ##lists . bob broad ##hurst , who is in charge of public order policing at the metropolitan police , said in a statement to the nu ##j in 2008 that journalists , " on the production of a valid form of accreditation will be able to continue with their work " . the nu ##j are to make a formal complaint to the information commissioner due to the metropolitan police failing to provide details on the surveillance of journalists under the freedom of information act . bob broad ##hurst told photographers at an nu ##j conference that he had no faith in the national press card ( a form of press pass ) despite journalists needing to prove that they are bon ##a @ -
| 87 |
[
"@",
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"video",
"footage",
"thus"
] | 837 |
@ fide news ##gat ##her ##ers to an independent authority before they are issued . the bbc tv series panorama produced an episode entitled what ever happened to people power ? in july 2009 which discussed the use of fits in targeting activists and journalists . = = similar police units = = greater manchester police operate a video intelligence unit , whose plain ##cloth ##es officers confront and video certain freed prisoners as they leave prison after serving their sentences . they also record footage of people involved in anti @ - @ social behaviour on the streets . the aim is to give other police officers up to date information on the appearance of people who have broken the law . video footage thus
| 742 |
[
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",",
"said",
"the"
] | 838 |
collected is constantly replay ##ed on tv screens in rooms where officers complete their paperwork . footage that they have recorded has also been uploaded onto youtube in an attempt to catch people they believe have re ##off ##ended . this has resulted in several offenders being sent back to prison after breach ##ing licence conditions . since the unit was launched in 2006 more than 900 people have been filmed by the unit . not all of these people are suspects in crime however , people can be filmed if they are thought to associate with prolific offenders or if they have been stopped in an area of high crime under suspicious circumstances . ki ##eran walsh , a civil liberties lawyer , said the
| 742 |
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"the"
] | 839 |
unit ' s work " could have implications " for the force under article 8 of the european convention on human rights - the right to privacy . he believes that filming must be a " proportion ##ate and reasonable " response to a crime and that this does not appear to be the case as people are being targeted over what they might do in the future . it is uncertain as to how long data collected by the unit is to be kept but gm ##p currently anti ##ci ##pate it will be stored for 5 years . = tri ##nse ##y v . pennsylvania = tri ##nse ##y v . pennsylvania 94 ##1 f . 2d 224 was a case decided by the
| 94 |
[
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] | 840 |
united states court of appeals for the third circuit that confirmed the validity of special elections held without a primary under the fourteenth and seventeenth amendments to the united states constitution . the case came about due to the death of h . john heinz iii , one of the us senators from pennsylvania , in a plane crash on april 4 , 1991 . under the seventeenth amendment , state legislatures may give the governor the power to appoint officials to fill temporarily vacant senate seats until a special election can be held , and pennsylvania ##n law contained a statute executing this and requiring no primaries for the special election . instead , both the democrats and republicans would each internally select their candidates
| 493 |
[
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"decided",
"against",
"the",
"use"
] | 841 |
. john s . tri ##nse ##y jr . , a voter and potential candidate , asked the united states district court for the eastern district of pennsylvania to declare the statute unconstitutional as a violation on the fourteenth and seventeenth amendments , because the lack of a primary removed his right to properly vote for candidates and delegate ##d that power to political parties . after deciding that the statute ' s subject matter necessitated the strict scrutiny approach , the district court decided on june 10 , 1991 that it was an unconstitutional violation of the right to vote for and select senate candidates . this decision was appealed to the court of appeals for the third circuit , who decided against the use
| 491 |
[
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"governor",
"to",
"fill"
] | 842 |
of the strict scrutiny approach and , in its absence , ruled that the statute was not a violation of the fourteenth and seventeenth amendments . academics have been critical of both the decision reached and the approach used , with one suggesting that the " substantial state interests " test used in vale ##nti v . rockefeller would be more appropriate . = = background = = on april 4 , 1991 h . john heinz iii , one of the us senators from pennsylvania , was killed when his chartered plane collided with a helicopter inspecting its landing gear . under the seventeenth amendment to the united states constitution , the legislature of each state has the power to permit the governor to fill
| 466 |
[
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"candidate",
",",
"challenged",
"the",
"constitutional"
] | 843 |
the vacant seat until a special election can be held . in pennsylvania , this power had been delegate ##d , and governor robert p . casey signed a writ on may 13 , 1991 , declaring november 5 the date for a special election and temporarily appointing harris wo ##ff ##ord to fill heinz ' s now @ - @ vacant seat . under pennsylvania ##n law , there was no need for a primary in such a situation ; instead , both the democrats and republicans would each internally select their candidate , who would run in the special election . john s . tri ##nse ##y jr . , a member of the pennsylvania ##n electorate and potential candidate , challenged the constitutional
| 487 |
[
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"##nse",
"##y"
] | 844 |
##ity of this law , claiming that it violated his rights under the fourteenth and seventeenth amendments . tri ##nse ##y argued that , by failing to allow for primaries , the state legislation prevented him from getting to select a candidate of his choice , and that this violated the fourteenth amendment ; the terms of the statute ( and absence of a requirement for primaries ) also allegedly in ##fr ##inge ##d the rights of the electorate under the seventeenth amendment , which required the selection of senators by popular vote ; tri ##nse ##y ' s complaint was that the legislation had effectively delegate ##d the power to choose candidates to political parties rather than the electorate . accordingly , tri ##nse ##y
| 491 |
[
"filed",
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",",
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",",
"the",
"judge",
"dismissed",
"both",
"tri",
"##nse"
] | 845 |
filed a motion for a dec ##lar ##atory judgment to state that the statute was unconstitutional , and also requested that wo ##ff ##ord be removed from his seat . counsel for the commonwealth of pennsylvania , joined by the office of the governor , argued that the constitution did not require the holding of primary elections to fill va ##can ##cies , and that the statute " protected valid and compelling state interests in protecting the validity of the electoral process and limiting the term of a [ governor - ] appointed senator " . the case was first heard in the united states district court for the eastern district of pennsylvania , where , following oral arguments , the judge dismissed both tri ##nse
| 464 |
[
"##y",
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"of",
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] | 846 |
##y ' s motion to remove wo ##ff ##ord and the commonwealth ' s motion to dismiss . on june 10 , 1991 , however , the district court declared the statute unconstitutional , stating that it violated both the fourteenth and seventeenth amendments due to the failure to ensure " popular participation " through the use of primary elections . this decision was reached following an analysis of the legislative history of the seventeenth amendment and electoral processes ; based on this analysis , the court concluded that the pennsylvania ##n use of a nomination process before a special election implied a right to vote , which was violated by the lack of a primary and necessitated a strict sc ##rut ##ini ##sing of the
| 492 |
[
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"and",
"se"
] | 847 |
legislation . after considering the evidence , the court concluded that " the interests the commonwealth put forth in support of the statute could not out ##weig ##h the infringement of the right to vote " , leading to the conclusion that the statute governing special elections was unconstitutional . with this " the public , press and political parties quickly turned their attention to the case " , with the republican state committee of pennsylvania ( supported by their democratic counterparts ) and several prominent politicians intervening . they moved to ex ##ped ##ite an appeal to the court of appeals for the third circuit . in a unanimous opinion , the court of appeals ( consisting of sl ##ov ##iter , greenberg and se
| 492 |
[
"##itz",
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"temple",
"law"
] | 848 |
##itz ) confirmed that there was no restriction of any fundamental right , and therefore that the strict scrutiny process did not need to be applied . in the absence of this process , they held that the seventeenth amendment did not require primary elections to fill va ##can ##cies , and more broadly gave state legislatures wide discretion as to how to hold elections ; as such , the statute did not violate the constitution . in december 1991 the supreme court denied a writ of ce ##rti ##ora ##ri , presumably because the special election had already taken place in november and the issue was thus mo ##ot . = = significance = = laura e . little , writing in the temple law
| 466 |
[
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"election",
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"this",
"should"
] | 849 |
review , notes the dear ##th of guidance for either the district court or court of appeals in tri ##nse ##y , with no " explicit direction and no direct precedent " from either the constitutional provisions or prior case law to rely on . in the absence of guidance , the court of appeals took a narrow view of the issues , something she critic ##ises . under pennsylvania ##n law , primaries are mandatory in all other elections , and in her opinion the lack of a primary in this case should have been judged to be a violation of tri ##nse ##y ' s fundamental rights . combined with the purpose of the seventeenth amendment - to ensure direct election - this should
| 466 |
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have led to the application of the strict scrutiny test , and the decision that the statute governing special elections was unconstitutional . kevin m . gold instead suggests that the test used in vale ##nti v . rockefeller , an analogous decision over the validity of new york state electoral law . in vale ##nti , the judiciary applied the " substantial state interests " test , which involves simply looking at whether the statute in question further ##s the interests of the states , who under the seventeenth amendment are given some discretion as to the electoral process they use . = michael jordan = michael jeffrey jordan ( born february 17 , 1963 ) , also known by his initials , m ##j
| 466 |
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, is an american retired professional basketball player . he is also a businessman , and principal owner and chairman of the charlotte hornets . jordan played 15 seasons in the national basketball association ( nba ) for the chicago bulls and washington wizards . his biography on the nba website states : " by acc ##lam ##ation , michael jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time . " jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popular ##izing the nba around the world in the 1980s and 1990s . jordan played three seasons for coach dean smith at the university of north carolina . he was a member of the tar heels ' national
| 640 |
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] | 852 |
championship team in 1982 . jordan joined the nba ' s chicago bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick . he quickly emerged as a league star , entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring . his leaping ability , demonstrated by performing slam dun ##ks from the free throw line in slam dun ##k contests , earned him the nickname ##s " air jordan " and " his air ##ness " . he also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball . in 1991 , he won his first nba championship with the bulls , and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993 , securing a " three @ - @ peat " . although jordan
| 640 |
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] | 853 |
abruptly retired from basketball before the beginning of the 1993 – 94 nba season to pursue a career in baseball , he returned to the bulls in march 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996 , 1997 , and 1998 , as well as a then @ - @ record 72 regular @ - @ season wins in the 1995 – 96 nba season . jordan retired for a second time in january 1999 , but returned for two more nba seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the wizards . jordan ' s individual accolades and accomplishments include five most valuable player ( mvp ) awards , ten all @ - @ nba first team designations , nine all @
| 640 |
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] | 854 |
- @ defensive first team honors , fourteen nba all @ - @ star game appearances , three all @ - @ star game mvp awards , ten scoring titles , three steals titles , six nba finals mvp awards , and the 1988 nba defensive player of the year award . among his numerous accomplishments , jordan holds the nba records for highest career regular season scoring average ( 30 @ . @ 12 points per game ) and highest career playoff scoring average ( 33 @ . @ 45 points per game ) . in 1999 , he was named the greatest north american athlete of the 20th century by espn , and was second to babe ruth on the associated press ' s
| 640 |
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] | 855 |
list of athletes of the century . jordan is a two @ - @ time ind ##uc ##tee into the basketball hall of fame , having been en ##sh ##rine ##d in 2009 for his individual career , and again in 2010 as part of the group induction of the 1992 united states men ' s olympic basketball team ( " the dream team " ) . he became a member of the fiba hall of fame in 2015 . jordan is also known for his product endorsement ##s . he fueled the success of nike ' s air jordan sneakers , which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today . jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film space jam as himself . in
| 622 |
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2006 , he became part @ - @ owner and head of basketball operations for the then @ - @ charlotte bob ##cats , buying a controlling interest in 2010 . in 2015 , as a result of the increase in value of nba franchises , jordan became the first billionaire nba player in history and the world ' s second @ - @ richest african @ - @ american . jordan was born in brooklyn , new york , the son of del ##oris ( nee peoples ) , who worked in banking , and james r . jordan , sr . , an equipment supervisor . his family moved to wilmington , north carolina , when he was a todd ##ler . jordan is
| 640 |
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] | 857 |
the fourth of five children . he has two older brothers , larry jordan and james r . jordan , jr . , one older sister , del ##oris , and a younger sister , ro ##sl ##yn . jordan ' s brother james retired in 2006 as the command sergeant major of the 35th signal brigade of the xvi ##ii airborne corps in the u . s . army . = = high school career = = jordan attended ems ##ley a . lane ##y high school in wilmington , where he anchored his athletic career by playing baseball , football , and basketball . he tried out for the varsity basketball team during his sophomore year , but at 5 ' 11 " (
| 622 |
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] | 858 |
1 @ . @ 80 m ) , he was deemed too short to play at that level . his taller friend , harvest leroy smith , was the only sophomore to make the team . motivated to prove his worth , jordan became the star of lane ##y ' s junior varsity squad , and tall ##ied several 40 @ - @ point games . the following summer , he grew four inches ( 10 cm ) and trained rigorous ##ly . upon earning a spot on the varsity roster , jordan averaged about 20 points per game over his final two seasons of high school play . as a senior , he was selected to the mcdonald ' s all @ - @ american
| 624 |
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team after averaging a triple @ - @ double : 29 @ . @ 2 points , 11 @ . @ 6 rebounds , and 10 @ . @ 1 assists . jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs , including duke , north carolina , south carolina , syracuse , and virginia . in 1981 , jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to north carolina , where he major ##ed in cultural geography . = = college career = = as a freshman in coach dean smith ' s team @ - @ oriented system , he was named acc freshman of the year after he averaged 13 @ . @ 4 points per game ( pp ##g ) on 53 @ . @ 4
| 640 |
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% shooting ( field goal percentage ) . he made the game @ - @ winning jump shot in the 1982 ncaa championship game against georgetown , which was led by future nba rival patrick ewing . jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career . during his three seasons at north carolina , he averaged 17 @ . @ 7 pp ##g on 54 @ . @ 0 % shooting , and added 5 @ . @ 0 rebounds per game ( rpg ) . he was selected by consensus to the ncaa all @ - @ american first team in both his sophomore ( 1983 ) and junior ( 1984 ) seasons . after winning the na ##ism
| 640 |
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##ith and the wooden college player of the year awards in 1984 , jordan left north carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 nba draft . the chicago bulls selected jordan with the third overall pick , after ha ##kee ##m ol ##aj ##uw ##on ( houston rockets ) and sam bowie ( portland trail blazers ) . one of the primary reasons why jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a center . however , the trail blazers general manager stu in ##man contend ##ed that it was not a matter of drafting a center , but more a matter of taking sam bowie over jordan , in part because portland already had
| 640 |
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] | 862 |
a guard with similar skills to jordan , clyde dr ##ex ##ler . espn , citing bowie ' s injury @ - @ laden college career , named the blazers ' choice of bowie as the worst draft pick in north american professional sports history . jordan returned to north carolina to complete his degree in 1986 . = = professional career = = during his first season in the nba , jordan averaged 28 @ . @ 2 pp ##g on 51 @ . @ 5 % shooting . he quickly became a fan favorite even in opposing arenas , and appeared on the cover of sports illustrated with the heading " a star is born " just over a month into his professional career
| 640 |
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. jordan was also voted in as an all @ - @ star starter by the fans in his rookie season . controversy arose before the all @ - @ star game when word surfaced that several veteran players , led by is ##iah thomas , were upset by the amount of attention jordan was receiving . this led to a so @ - @ called " freeze @ - @ out " on jordan , where players refused to pass him the ball throughout the game . the controversy left jordan relatively unaffected when he returned to regular season play , and he would go on to be voted rookie of the year . the bulls finished the season 38 – 44 , and lost
| 166 |
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in the first round of the playoffs in four games to the milwaukee bucks . jordan ' s second season was cut short by a broken foot in the third game of the season , which caused him to miss 64 games . despite jordan ' s injury and a 30 – 52 record ( at the time it was fifth worst record of any team to qualify for the playoffs in nba history ) , the bulls made the playoffs . jordan recovered in time to participate in the playoffs and performed well upon his return . against a 1985 – 86 boston celtics team that is often considered one of the greatest in nba history , jordan set the still @ - @ unbroken
| 640 |
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] | 865 |
record for points in a playoff game with 63 in game 2 . the celtics , however , managed to sweep the series . jordan had recovered completely by the 1986 – 87 season , and had one of the most prolific scoring seasons in nba history . he became the only player other than wil ##t chamberlain to score 3 @ , @ 000 points in a season , averaging a league high 37 @ . @ 1 points on 48 @ . @ 2 % shooting . in addition , jordan demonstrated his defensive prowess , as he became the first player in nba history to record 200 steals and 100 blocks in a season . despite jordan ' s success , magic johnson
| 640 |
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] | 866 |
won the league ' s most valuable player award . the bulls reached 40 wins , and advanced to the playoffs for the third consecutive year . however , they were again swept by the celtics . = = = pistons road ##block ( 1987 – 1990 ) = = = jordan led the league in scoring again in the 1987 – 88 season , averaging 35 @ . @ 0 pp ##g on 53 @ . @ 5 % shooting and won his first league mvp award . he was also named the defensive player of the year , as he had averaged 1 @ . @ 6 blocks and a league high 3 @ . @ 16 steals per game . the bulls finished
| 640 |
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50 – 32 , and made it out of the first round of the playoffs for the first time in jordan ' s career , as they defeated the cleveland cavaliers in five games . however , the bulls then lost in five games to the more experienced detroit pistons , who were led by is ##iah thomas and a group of physical players known as the " bad boys " . in the 1988 – 89 season , jordan again led the league in scoring , averaging 32 @ . @ 5 pp ##g on 53 @ . @ 8 % shooting from the field , along with 8 rpg and 8 assists per game ( ap ##g ) . the bulls finished with a
| 631 |
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] | 868 |
47 – 35 record , and advanced to the eastern conference finals , defeating the cavaliers and new york knicks along the way . the cavaliers series included a career highlight for jordan when he hit the shot over craig eh ##lo at the buzz ##er in the fifth and final game of the series . however , the pistons again defeated the bulls , this time in six games , by utilizing their " jordan rules " method of guarding jordan , which consisted of double and triple teaming him every time he touched the ball . the bulls entered the 1989 – 90 season as a team on the rise , with their core group of jordan and young improving players like scott ##ie
| 631 |
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] | 869 |
pip ##pen and horace grant , and under the guidance of new coach phil jackson . jordan averaged a league leading 33 @ . @ 6 pp ##g on 52 @ . @ 6 % shooting , to go with 6 @ . @ 9 rpg and 6 @ . @ 3 ap ##g in leading the bulls to a 55 – 27 record . they again advanced to the eastern conference finals beating the bucks and philadelphia 76 ##ers . however , despite pushing the series to seven games , the bulls lost to the pistons for the third consecutive season . in the 1990 – 91 season , jordan won his second mvp award after averaging 31 @ . @ 5 pp ##g on
| 635 |
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] | 870 |
53 @ . @ 9 % shooting , 6 @ . @ 0 rpg , and 5 @ . @ 5 ap ##g for the regular season . the bulls finished in first place in their division for the first time in 16 years and set a franchise record with 61 wins in the regular season . with scott ##ie pip ##pen developing into an all @ - @ star , the bulls had elevated their play . the bulls defeated the new york knicks and the philadelphia 76 ##ers in the opening two rounds of the playoffs . they advanced to the eastern conference finals where their rival , the detroit pistons , awaited them . however , this time the bulls beat the pistons
| 631 |
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] | 871 |
in a four @ - @ game sweep . in an unusual ending to the fourth and final game , is ##iah thomas led his team off the court before the final seconds had concluded . most of the pistons went directly to their locker room instead of shaking hands with the bulls . the bulls advanced to the nba finals for the first time in franchise history to face magic johnson and james worthy and beat the los angeles lakers four games to one , compiling an outstanding 15 – 2 playoff record along the way . perhaps the best known moment of the series came in game 2 when , attempting a dun ##k , jordan avoided a potential sam perkins block by switching
| 640 |
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] | 872 |
the ball from his right hand to his left in mid @ - @ air to lay the shot in . in his first finals appearance , jordan posted per game averages of 31 @ . @ 2 points on 56 % shooting from the field , 11 @ . @ 4 assists , 6 @ . @ 6 rebounds , 2 @ . @ 8 steals and 1 @ . @ 4 blocks . jordan won his first nba finals mvp award , and he cried while holding the nba finals trophy . jordan and the bulls continued their dominance in the 1991 – 92 season , establishing a 67 – 15 record , topping their franchise record from 1990 to 91 . jordan won
| 640 |
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] | 873 |
his second consecutive mvp award with averages of 30 @ . @ 1 points , 6 @ . @ 4 rebounds and 6 @ . @ 1 assists per game on 52 % shooting . after winning a physical 7 @ - @ game series over the new york knicks in the second round of the playoffs and finishing off the cleveland cavaliers in the conference finals in 6 games , the bulls met clyde dr ##ex ##ler and the portland trail blazers in the finals . the media , hoping to rec ##reate a magic – bird rivalry , highlighted the similarities between " air " jordan and clyde " the glide " during the pre @ - @ finals h ##ype . in the
| 640 |
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] | 874 |
first game , jordan scored a finals @ - @ record 35 points in the first half , including a record @ - @ setting six three @ - @ point field goals . after the sixth three @ - @ pointer , he jogged down the court shrug ##ging as he looked courts ##ide . mar ##v albert , who broadcast the game , later stated that it was as if jordan was saying , " i can ' t believe i ' m doing this . " the bulls went on to win game 1 , and defeat the blazers in six games . jordan was named finals mvp for the second year in a row and finished the series averaging 35 @ .
| 657 |
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] | 875 |
@ 8 pp ##g , 4 @ . @ 8 rpg , and 6 @ . @ 5 ap ##g , while shooting 53 % from the floor . in the 1992 – 93 season , despite a 32 @ . @ 6 pp ##g , 6 @ . @ 7 rpg and 5 @ . @ 5 ap ##g campaign , jordan ' s streak of consecutive mvp seasons ended as he lost the award to his friend charles bark ##ley . coincidentally , jordan and the bulls met bark ##ley and his phoenix suns in the 1993 nba finals . the bulls won their third nba championship on a game @ - @ winning shot by john pa ##x ##son and a last @
| 640 |
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] | 876 |
- @ second block by horace grant , but jordan was once again chicago ' s leader . he averaged a finals @ - @ record 41 @ . @ 0 pp ##g during the six @ - @ game series , and became the first player in nba history to win three straight finals mvp awards . he scored more than 30 points in every game of the series , including 40 or more points in 4 consecutive games . with his third finals triumph , jordan capped off a seven @ - @ year run where he attained seven scoring titles and three championships , but there were signs that jordan was ti ##ring of his massive celebrity and all of the non @
| 640 |
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] | 877 |
- @ basketball has ##sle ##s in his life . = = = = gambling controversy = = = = during the bulls ' playoff run in 1993 , controversy arose when jordan was seen gambling in atlantic city , new jersey , the night before a game against the new york knicks . in that same year , he admitted to having to cover $ 57 @ , @ 000 in gambling losses , and author richard esq ##uin ##as wrote a book claiming he had won $ 1 @ . @ 25 million from jordan on the golf course . in 2005 , jordan talked to ed bradley of the cbs evening show 60 minutes about his gambling and admitted that he made some
| 62 |
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] | 878 |
reckless decisions . jordan stated , " yeah , i ' ve gotten myself into situations where i would not walk away and i ' ve pushed the envelope . is that com ##pu ##ls ##ive ? yeah , it depends on how you look at it . if you ' re willing to je ##opa ##rdi ##ze your livelihood and your family , then yeah . " when bradley asked him if his gambling ever got to the level where it je ##opa ##rdi ##zed his livelihood or family , jordan replied , " no . " = = = first retirement and baseball career ( 1993 – 1994 ) = = = on october 6 , 1993 , jordan announced his retirement , citing
| 100 |
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] | 879 |
a loss of desire to play the game . jordan later stated that the murder of his father earlier in the year also shaped his decision . jordan ' s father was murdered on july 23 , 1993 , at a highway rest area in lumber ##ton , north carolina , by two teenagers , daniel green and larry martin dem ##ery . the ass ##ail ##ants were traced from calls they made on james jordan ' s cellular phone , caught , convicted , and sentenced to life in prison . jordan was close to his father ; as a child he had im ##itated his father ' s pro ##cl ##ivity to stick out his tongue while absorbed in work . he later adopted
| 249 |
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] | 880 |
it as his own signature , displaying it each time he drove to the basket . in 1996 , he founded a chicago area boys & girls club and dedicated it to his father . in his 1998 autobiography for the love of the game , jordan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992 . the added exhaustion due to the dream team run in the 1992 olympics solid ##ified jordan ' s feelings about the game and his ever @ - @ growing celebrity status . jordan ' s announcement sent shock waves throughout the nba and appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world . jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing
| 640 |
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] | 881 |
a minor league baseball contract with the chicago white sox on february 7 , 1994 . he reported to spring training in sara ##so ##ta , florida , and was assigned to the team ' s minor league system on march 31 , 1994 . jordan has stated this decision was made to pursue the dream of his late father , who had always envisioned his son as a major league baseball player . the white sox were another team owned by bulls owner jerry reins ##dorf , who continued to honor jordan ' s basketball contract during the years he played baseball . in 1994 , jordan played for the birmingham barons , a double @ - @ a minor league affiliate of the chicago
| 650 |
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] | 882 |
white sox , batting . 202 with three home runs , 51 runs batted in , 30 stolen bases , 114 strikeouts , 51 base on balls , and 11 errors . he also appeared for the scott ##sdale scorpion ##s in the 1994 arizona fall league , batting . 252 against the top prospects in baseball . on november 1 , 1994 , his number 23 was retired by the bulls in a ceremony that included the erection of a permanent sculpture known as the spirit outside the new united center . in the 1993 – 94 season , the bulls , without jordan , achieved a 55 – 27 record , and lost to the new york knicks in the second round of the
| 648 |
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] | 883 |
playoffs . but the 1994 – 95 bulls were a shell of the championship team of just two years earlier . struggling at mid @ - @ season to ensure a spot in the playoffs , chicago was 31 – 31 at one point in mid @ - @ march . the team received help , however , when jordan decided to return to the nba for the bulls . in march 1995 , jordan decided to quit baseball due to the ongoing major league baseball strike , as he wanted to avoid becoming a potential replacement player . on march 18 , 1995 , jordan announced his return to the nba through a two @ - @ word press release : " i ' m
| 650 |
[
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] | 884 |
back . " the next day , jordan wore jersey number 45 ( his number with the barons ) , as his familiar 23 had been retired in his honor following his first retirement . he took to the court with the bulls to face the indiana pace ##rs in indianapolis , scoring 19 points . the game had the highest nielsen rating of a regular season nba game since 1975 . although he had not played an nba game in a year and a half , jordan played well upon his return , making a game @ - @ winning jump shot against atlanta in his fourth game back . he then scored 55 points in the next game against the knicks at madison square
| 640 |
[
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] | 885 |
garden on march 28 , 1995 . boosted by jordan ' s comeback , the bulls went 13 – 4 to make the playoffs and advanced to the eastern conference semifinals against the orlando magic . at the end of game 1 , orlando ' s nick anderson stripped jordan from behind , leading to the game @ - @ winning basket for the magic ; he would later comment that jordan " didn ' t look like the old michael jordan " and that " no . 45 doesn ' t explode like no . 23 used to . " jordan then returned to wearing his old number in the next game , scoring 38 points in a bulls win . the bulls were fined
| 720 |
[
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] | 886 |
$ 30 @ , @ 000 for the game : $ 25 @ , @ 000 for failing to report the impromptu number change to the nba and $ 5 @ , @ 000 for jordan wearing different shoes . jordan averaged 31 points per game in the series , but orlando won the series in 6 games . freshly motivated by the playoff defeat , jordan trained aggressively for the 1995 – 96 season . strengthened by the addition of rebound specialist dennis rod ##man , the bulls dominated the league , starting the season 41 – 3 , and eventually finishing with the then @ - @ best regular season record in nba history ( later surpassed by the 2015 – 16 golden state
| 640 |
[
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] | 887 |
warriors ) : 72 – 10 . jordan led the league in scoring with 30 @ . @ 4 pp ##g , and won the league ' s regular season and all @ - @ star game mvp awards . in the playoffs , the bulls lost only three games in four series ( miami heat 3 @ - @ 0 , new york knicks 4 @ - @ 1 , orlando magic 4 @ - @ 0 ) . they defeated the seattle super ##sonic ##s 4 @ - @ 2 in the nba finals to win their fourth championship . jordan was named finals mvp for a record fourth time , surpassing magic johnson ' s three finals mvp awards . he also achieved
| 640 |
[
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] | 888 |
only the second sweep of the mvp awards in the all @ - @ star game , regular season and nba finals , willis reed having achieved the first , during the 1969 – 70 season . because this was jordan ' s first championship since his father ' s murder , and it was won on father ' s day , jordan reacted very emotionally upon winning the title , including a memorable scene of him crying on the locker room floor with the game ball . in the 1996 – 97 season , the bulls started out 69 – 11 , but missed out on a second consecutive 70 @ - @ win season by losing their final two games to finish 69 –
| 640 |
[
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] | 889 |
13 . however , this year jordan was beaten for the nba mvp award by karl malone . the bulls again advanced to the finals , where they faced malone and the utah jazz . the series against the jazz featured two of the more memorable clutch moments of jordan ' s career . he won game 1 for the bulls with a buzz ##er @ - @ beating jump shot . in game 5 , with the series tied at 2 , jordan played despite being fever ##ish and de ##hy ##dra ##ted from a stomach virus . in what is known as the " flu game " , jordan scored 38 points , including the game @ - @ deciding 3 @ - @
| 640 |
[
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pointer with 25 seconds remaining . the bulls won 90 – 88 and went on to win the series in six games . for the fifth time in as many finals appearances , jordan received the finals mvp award . during the 1997 nba all @ - @ star game , jordan posted the first triple double in all @ - @ star game history in a victorious effort ; however , he did not receive the mvp award . jordan and the bulls compiled a 62 – 20 record in the 1997 – 98 season . jordan led the league with 28 @ . @ 7 points per game , securing his fifth regular @ - @ season mvp award , plus honors for all
| 640 |
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@ - @ nba first team , first defensive team and the all @ - @ star game mvp . the bulls won the eastern conference championship for a third straight season , including surviving a seven @ - @ game series with the indiana pace ##rs in the eastern conference finals ; it was the first time jordan had played in a game 7 since the 1992 eastern conference semifinals with the knicks . after winning , they moved on for a rematch with the jazz in the finals . the bulls returned to the delta center for game 6 on june 14 , 1998 , leading the series 3 – 2 . jordan executed a series of plays , considered to be one of
| 640 |
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the greatest clutch performances in nba finals history . with the bulls trailing 86 – 83 with 41 @ . @ 9 seconds remaining in the fourth quarter , phil jackson called a time ##out . when play resumed , jordan received the in ##bound pass , drove to the basket , and hit a shot over several jazz defenders , cutting the utah lead to 86 – 85 . the jazz brought the ball up ##court and passed the ball to forward karl malone , who was set up in the low post and was being guarded by rod ##man . malone jo ##stle ##d with rod ##man and caught the pass , but jordan cut behind him and took the ball out of his
| 640 |
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] | 893 |
hands for a steal . jordan then dr ##ib ##bled down the court and paused , eyeing his defender , jazz guard br ##yon russell . with 10 seconds remaining , jordan started to dr ##ib ##ble right , then crossed over to his left , possibly pushing off russell , although the officials did not call a foul . with 5 @ . @ 2 seconds left , jordan gave chicago an 87 – 86 lead with a game @ - @ winning jumper , the cl ##ima ##ctic shot of his bulls career . afterwards , john stockton missed a game @ - @ winning three @ - @ pointer . jordan and the bulls won their sixth nba championship and second three @
| 640 |
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- @ peat . once again , jordan was voted the finals mvp , having led all scorer ##s averaging 33 @ . @ 5 points per game , including 45 in the deciding game 6 . jordan ' s six finals mvp ##s is a record ; sha ##quil ##le o ' neal , magic johnson , le ##bron james and tim duncan are tied for second place with three api ##ece . the 1998 finals holds the highest television rating of any finals series in history . game 6 also holds the highest television rating of any game in nba history . = = = second retirement ( 1999 – 2001 ) = = = with phil jackson ' s contract ex ##pi ##ring
| 640 |
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, the pending departure ##s of scott ##ie pip ##pen and dennis rod ##man looming , and being in the latter stages of an owner @ - @ induced lock ##out of nba players , jordan retired for the second time on january 13 , 1999 . on january 19 , 2000 , jordan returned to the nba not as a player , but as part owner and president of basketball operations for the washington wizards . jordan ' s responsibilities with the wizards were comprehensive . he controlled all aspects of the wizards ' basketball operations , and had the final say in all personnel matters . opinions of jordan as a basketball executive were mixed . he managed to purge the team of several
| 640 |
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] | 896 |
highly paid , unpopular players ( such as forward ju ##wan howard and point guard rod st ##rick ##land ) , but used the first pick in the 2001 nba draft to select high school ##er kw ##ame brown , who did not live up to expectations and was traded away after four seasons . despite his january 1999 claim that he was " 99 @ . @ 9 % certain " that he would never play another nba game , in the summer of 2001 jordan expressed interest in making another comeback , this time with his new team . inspired by the nhl comeback of his friend mario le ##mie ##ux the previous winter , jordan spent much of the spring and summer of
| 640 |
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] | 897 |
2001 in training , holding several invitation @ - @ only camps for nba players in chicago . in addition , jordan hired his old chicago bulls head coach , doug collins , as washington ' s coach for the upcoming season , a decision that many saw as fore ##sha ##do ##wing another jordan return . = = = washington wizards comeback ( 2001 – 2003 ) = = = on september 25 , 2001 , jordan announced his return to the nba to play for the washington wizards , indicating his intention to donate his salary as a player to a relief effort for the victims of the september 11 , 2001 attacks . in an injury @ - @ plagued 2001 – 02
| 640 |
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season , he led the team in scoring ( 22 @ . @ 9 pp ##g ) , assists ( 5 @ . @ 2 ap ##g ) , and steals ( 1 @ . @ 42 sp ##g ) . however , torn cart ##ila ##ge in his right knee ended jordan ' s season after only 60 games , the few ##est he had played in a regular season since playing 17 games after returning from his first retirement during the 1994 – 95 season . jordan started 53 of his 60 games for the season , averaging 24 @ . @ 3 points , 5 @ . @ 4 assists , and 6 @ . @ 0 rebounds , and shooting 41 @
| 640 |
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. @ 9 % from the field in his 53 starts . his last seven appearances were in a reserve role , in which he averaged just over 20 minutes per game . playing in his 14th and final nba all @ - @ star game in 2003 , jordan passed ka ##ree ##m abdul @ - @ ja ##bba ##r as the all @ - @ time leading scorer in all @ - @ star game history ( a record since broken by kobe bryant ) . that year , jordan was the only washington player to play in all 82 games , starting in 67 of them . he averaged 20 @ . @ 0 points , 6 @ . @ 1 rebounds ,
| 640 |
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