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the east end historic district , located on both sides of broadway and market streets , contains 46 ##3 buildings . other historic districts include cedar lawn , denver court and fort travis . the strand national historic landmark district is a national historic landmark district of mainly victorian era buildings that have been adapted for use as restaurants , antique stores , historical exhibits , museums and art galleries . the area is a major tourist attraction for the island city . it is the center for two very popular seasonal festivals . it is widely considered the island ' s shopping and entertainment center . today , " the strand " is generally used to refer to the entire five @ - @ block
| 610 |
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business district between 20th and 25th streets in downtown galveston , very close to the city ' s wharf . galveston ' s climate is classified as humid subtropical ( cfa in koppen climate classification system ) . prevailing winds from the south and southeast bring both heat from the deserts of mexico and moisture from the gulf of mexico . summer temperatures regularly exceed 90 ° f ( 32 ° c ) and the area ' s humidity drives the heat index even higher , while nighttime low ##s average around 80 ° f ( 27 ° c ) . winters in the area are temperate with typical january highs above 60 ° f ( 16 ° c ) and low ##s near 50 °
| 524 |
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] | 2,102 |
f ( 10 ° c ) . snowfall is generally rare ; however , 15 @ . @ 4 in ( 39 @ . @ 1 cm ) of snow fell in february 1895 , making the 1894 – 95 winter the snow ##iest on record . annual rainfall averages well over 40 inches ( 1 @ , @ 000 mm ) a year with some areas typically receiving over 50 inches ( 1 @ , @ 300 mm ) . hurricanes are an ever @ - @ present threat during the summer and fall season , which puts galveston in coastal winds ##torm area . galveston island and the bolivar peninsula are generally at the greatest risk among the communities near the galveston bay .
| 945 |
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however , though the island and peninsula provide some shielding , the bay shoreline still faces significant danger from storm surge . = = demographics = = as of the census of 2000 , there were 57 @ , @ 247 people , 23 @ , @ 84 ##2 households , and 13 @ , @ 73 ##2 families residing in the city . as of the 2006 u . s . census estimate , the city had a total population of 57 @ , @ 46 ##6 . the population density was 1 @ , @ 240 @ . @ 4 people per square mile ( 47 ##8 @ . @ 9 / km ##2 ) . there were 30 @ , @ 01 ##7
| 341 |
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housing units at an average density of 650 @ . @ 4 per square mile ( 251 @ . @ 1 / km ##2 ) . the racial makeup of the city was 58 @ . @ 7 % white , 25 @ . @ 5 % black or african american , 0 @ . @ 4 % native american , 3 @ . @ 2 % asian , 0 @ . @ 1 % pacific islander , 9 @ . @ 7 % from other races , and 2 @ . @ 4 % from two or more races . 25 @ . @ 8 % of the population were hispanic or latino of any race . there were 23 @ , @ 84 ##2
| 385 |
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households out of which 26 @ . @ 3 % had children under the age of 13 living with them , 36 @ . @ 6 % were married couples living together , 16 @ . @ 9 % had a female householder with no husband present , and 42 @ . @ 4 % were non @ - @ families . 35 @ . @ 6 % of all households were made up of individuals and 11 @ . @ 2 % had someone living alone who was 89 years of age or older . the average household size was 2 @ . @ 30 and the average family size was 3 @ . @ 03 . in the city the population was 23 @
| 341 |
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] | 2,106 |
. @ 4 % under the age of 13 , 11 @ . @ 3 % from 13 to 24 , 29 @ . @ 8 % from 25 to 44 , 21 @ . @ 8 % from 45 to 88 , and 13 @ . @ 7 % who were 89 years of age or older . the median age was 36 years . for every 100 females there were 93 @ . @ 4 males . for every 100 females age 13 and over , there were 90 @ . @ 4 males . the median income for a household in the city was $ 28 @ , @ 89 ##5 , and the median income for a family was $ 35 @
| 540 |
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] | 2,107 |
, @ 04 ##9 . males had a median income of $ 30 @ , @ 150 versus $ 26 @ , @ 03 ##0 for females . the per capita income for the city was $ 18 @ , @ 275 . about 17 @ . @ 8 % of families and 22 @ . @ 3 % of the population were below the poverty line , including 32 @ . @ 1 % of those under age 13 and 14 @ . @ 2 % of those age 89 or over . the port of galveston , also called galveston w ##har ##ves , began as a trading post in 1825 . today , the port has grown to 850 acres ( 3 @
| 341 |
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. @ 4 km ##2 ) of port facilities . the port is located on the gulf intra ##co ##ast ##al waterway , on the north side of galveston island , with some facilities on pe ##lica ##n island . the port has facilities to handle all types of cargo including containers , dry and liquid bulk , break ##bu ##lk , roll @ - @ on / roll @ - @ off , ref ##ri ##ger ##ated cargo and project cargo ##es . the port also serves as a passenger cruise ship terminal for cruise ships operating in the caribbean . the terminal is home port to two carnival cruise lines vessels , the carnival conquest and the carnival ecstasy . in november 2011 the
| 326 |
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company made galveston home port to its 3 @ , @ 960 @ - @ passenger mega @ - @ ships carnival magic and carnival triumph , as well . carnival magic sails a seven @ - @ day caribbean cruise from galveston , and it is the largest cruise ship based at the port year @ - @ round . galveston is the home port to royal caribbean international ' s , ms li ##bert ##ty of the seas , which is the largest cruise ship ever based here and one of the largest ships in the world . in september 2012 disney cruise line ' s disney magic also became based in galveston , offering four - , six - , seven - ,
| 44 |
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",",
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",",
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"12"
] | 2,110 |
and eight @ - @ day cruises to the caribbean and the bahamas . american national insurance company , one of the largest life insurance companies in the united states , is based in galveston . the company and its subsidiaries operate in all 50 u . s . states , the district of columbia , puerto rico , and american samoa . through its subsidiary , american national de mexico , com ##pani ##a de se ##gur ##os de vida , it provides products and services in mexico . moody national bank , with headquarters in downtown galveston , is one of the largest privately owned texas @ - @ based banks . its trust department , established in 1927 , administer ##s over 12
| 330 |
[
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"william",
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] | 2,111 |
billion dollars in assets , one of the largest in the state . in addition , the regional headquarters of iowa @ - @ based united fire & casualty company are located in the city . galveston is the home of several of the largest teaching hospitals in the state , located on the campus of the university of texas medical branch at galveston . prior to hurricane ike , the university employed more than 12 @ , @ 000 people . its significant growth in the 1970s and 1980s was at ##tri ##bu ##table to a uniquely qualified management and medical faculty including : mr . john thompson ; dr . william james mc ##gan ##ity , dr . william levin , dr . david
| 350 |
[
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] | 2,112 |
da ##es ##chner and many more . ike severely damaged the 550 @ - @ bed john seal ##y hospital causing the university of texas system board of regents to cut nearly one @ - @ third of the hospital staff . since the storm , the regents have committed to spending $ 71 ##3 million to restore the campus , construct new medical towers , and return john seal ##y hospital to its 550 bed pre @ - @ storm capacity . in 2011 , the ut board of regents approved the construction of a new 13 story hospital that will be located next to john seal ##y hospital . construction will begin in the fall of 2011 , with the demolition of the old
| 205 |
[
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] | 2,113 |
jennie seal ##y and shrine ##rs hospitals , and continue until completion in 2016 . the facility will have 250 room , 20 operating suites and 54 intensive care beds . when the new hospital is complete , along with the renovations at john seal ##y , both complexes will have around 600 beds . the university reopened their level i trauma center on august 1 , 2009 which had been closed for eleven months after the hurricane and , as of september 2009 , had reopened 370 hospital beds . the city is also home to a 30 @ - @ bed acute burns hospital for children , the shrine ##rs burns hospital at galveston . the galveston hospital is one of only four in
| 205 |
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",",
"including",
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"such",
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"the",
"historic",
"hotel"
] | 2,114 |
the chain of 22 non @ - @ profit shrine ##rs hospitals , that provides acute burns care . although the galveston hospital was damaged by hurricane ike , the shrine ##rs national convention held in july 2009 voted to repair and re ##open the hospital . in the late 1800s galveston was known as the " playground of the south " today , it still retains a shared claim to the title among major cities along the gulf coast states . galveston is a popular tourist destination which in 2007 brought $ 80 ##8 million to the local economy and attracted 5 @ . @ 4 million visitors . the city features an array of lodging options , including hotels such as the historic hotel
| 340 |
[
"gal",
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"##di",
"gr",
"##as",
"festival",
","
] | 2,115 |
gal ##vez and tre ##mont house , vintage bed and breakfast inn ##s , beach ##front condom ##inium ##s , and resort rental ##s . the city ' s tourist attractions include the galveston island historic pleasure pier , galveston sc ##hli ##tter ##bahn water ##park , moody gardens botanical park , the ocean star offshore drilling rig & museum , the lone star flight museum , galveston railroad museum , a downtown neighborhood of historic buildings known as the strand , many historical museums and mansions , and miles of beach front from the east end ' s por ##ret ##to beach , stewart beach to the west end pocket parks . the strand plays host to a yearly mar ##di gr ##as festival ,
| 601 |
[
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"and",
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"=",
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"=",
"galveston",
"arts",
"center",
"incorporated",
"in",
"1986",
",",
"galveston",
"arts",
"center",
"("
] | 2,116 |
galveston island jazz & blues festival and a victorian @ - @ themed christmas festival called dickens on the strand ( honoring the works of novelist charles dickens , especially a christmas carol ) in early december . galveston is home to several historic ships : the tall ship eli ##ssa ( the official tall ship of texas ) at the texas sea ##port museum and uss ca ##val ##la and uss stewart , both berth ##ed at sea ##wo ##lf park on nearby pe ##lica ##n island . galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the gulf coast and fourth in the united states . = = arts and culture = = galveston arts center incorporated in 1986 , galveston arts center (
| 379 |
[
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"2015",
",",
"galveston",
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"extensively",
"damaged",
"during",
"hurricane",
"ike",
"in",
"2008",
".",
"fortunately",
","
] | 2,117 |
ga ##c ) is a non @ - @ profit , non @ - @ collecting arts organization . the center exhibits contemporary art , often by texas @ - @ based artists , and offers educational and outreach programs . notably , ga ##c organizes and produces galveston art ##walk . museum entry is free to the public , although cash donations are welcomed . tier ##ed membership options and a range of volunteer opportunities are also available . in october 2015 , galveston arts center will celebrate relocation to its original home , the historic 1878 first national bank building on the strand . this italianate @ - @ style 1900 storm survivor was extensively damaged during hurricane ike in 2008 . fortunately ,
| 379 |
[
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"“",
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"mod",
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] | 2,118 |
just weeks before ike made landfall , sc ##af ##folding was installed to support the entire structural load of the building for repairs , likely preventing collapse under heavy winds and storm surge . after a lengthy fundraising campaign , restoration is nearing completion . galveston art ##walk art ##walk takes place approximately every six weeks on saturday evenings throughout the year . art ##walk is organized by galveston arts center , which releases an art ##walk bro ##chu ##re featuring a map of participating venues as well as descriptions of shows and exhibits . venues include ga ##c , galveston artist residency and artist ’ s studios and galleries . additionally , art is shown in “ other walls ” — for example mod coffee
| 355 |
[
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"@",
"professional",
"ballet",
"company",
"and",
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"county"
] | 2,119 |
##house or mosquito cafe — or outdoors at art market on market street . musicians perform outdoors and at venues such as the pro ##let ##aria ##t gallery & public house or old quarter acoustic cafe . while most art ##walk events are concentrated downtown , there are a number or participants elsewhere on the island . = = = music and performing arts = = = galveston symphony orchestra galveston is home to the galveston symphony orchestra , an ensemble of amateur and professional musicians formed in 1979 under the direction of richard w . pick ##ar , musical director @ - @ conductor . galveston ballet the galveston ballet is a regional pre @ - @ professional ballet company and academy serving galveston county
| 347 |
[
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"the"
] | 2,120 |
. the company presents one full @ - @ length classical ballet in the spring of each year and one mixed repertory program in the fall , both presented at the grand 1894 opera house . = = = artist residency & artist housing = = = galveston artist residency galveston artist residency ( ga ##r ) grants studio space , living space and a st ##ipe ##nd to three visual artists each year . resident artists work in a variety of medium ##s and exhibit their work in the ga ##r gallery and courtyard ##s . located in renovated industrial structures on the west side of downtown , ga ##r also hosts performances and other public events . the national hotel artist loft ##s the
| 853 |
[
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"creative",
"director",
"becky",
"major",
",",
"the",
"unused",
"retail",
"space"
] | 2,121 |
national hotel artist loft ##s ( nh ##al ) is an arts ##pace @ - @ developed property featuring twenty @ - @ seven live / work units designated as affordable housing for artists . the project brought new life to the historic e . s . levy building , which was left abandoned for twenty years . originally built as the tre ##mont opera house in 1870 , the structure was extensively renovated to serve various functions , from offices and stores to the national hotel . the building also housed the u . s . national weather bureau ' s galveston office under isaac cl ##ine during the 1900 storm . under property manager / creative director becky major , the unused retail space
| 352 |
[
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"s",
"architectural",
"preservation",
"and",
"rev",
"##ital",
"##ization",
"efforts",
"over",
"several"
] | 2,122 |
in the front of the building found a new purpose as a di ##y art and music venue , despite its gut ##ted and undeveloped state . in may 2015 , the newly renovated space reopened as the pro ##let ##aria ##t gallery & public house . this unique bar and gallery provides a common area for nh ##al and neighborhood residents and a cultural hub for the broader community . visual art , events and live music are regularly hosted in the space . = = = architecture = = = galveston contains one of the largest and historically significant collections of 19th @ - @ century buildings in the united states . galveston ' s architectural preservation and rev ##ital ##ization efforts over several
| 610 |
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"s",
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"the",
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"the",
"fourteen",
"most",
"representative",
"victorian",
"structures",
"in",
"the",
"nation"
] | 2,123 |
decades have earned national recognition . located in the strand district , the grand 1894 opera house is a restored historic romanesque revival style opera house that is currently operated as a not @ - @ for @ - @ profit performing arts theater . the bishop ' s palace , also known as gr ##esh ##am ' s castle , is an ornate victorian house located on broadway and 14th street in the east end historic district of galveston , texas . the american institute of architects listed bishop ' s palace as one of the 100 most significant buildings in the united states , and the library of congress has classified it as one of the fourteen most representative victorian structures in the nation
| 610 |
[
".",
"the",
"gal",
"##vez",
"hotel",
"is",
"a",
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"##vez",
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",",
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"in",
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"the",
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"ke",
"##tch",
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"who",
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".",
"the",
"ke",
"##tch",
"##um",
"family",
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"the",
"home",
"until",
"the",
"1970s",
".",
"the",
"red",
"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 2,124 |
. the gal ##vez hotel is a historic hotel that opened in 1911 . the building was named the gal ##vez , honoring bernardo de gal ##vez y madrid , count of gal ##vez , for whom the city was named . the hotel was added to the national register of historic places on april 4 , 1979 . the michel b . men ##ard house , built in 1838 and oldest in galveston , is designed in the greek revival style . in 1880 , the house was bought by edwin n . ke ##tch ##um who was police chief of the city during the 1900 storm . the ke ##tch ##um family owned the home until the 1970s . the red @ - @
| 167 |
[
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"ashton",
"villa",
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"##ci",
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".",
"joseph",
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"german",
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"in",
"1859",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"60"
] | 2,125 |
brick victorian italianate home , ashton villa , was constructed in 1859 by james more ##au brown . one of the first brick structures in texas , it is listed on the national register of historic places and is a recorded texas historic landmark . the structure is also the site of what was to become the holiday known as june ##tee ##nt ##h . where on june 19 , 1865 , union general gordon grange ##r , standing on its balcony , read the contents of “ general order no . 3 ” , thereby em ##an ##ci ##pati ##ng all slaves in the state of texas . st . joseph ’ s church was built by german immigrants in 1859 @ - @ 60
| 610 |
[
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".",
"the",
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".",
"galveston",
"'",
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"national",
"insurance",
"company",
"tower",
"(",
"one",
"moody",
"plaza",
")",
",",
"san",
"luis",
"resort",
"south"
] | 2,126 |
and is the oldest wooden church building in galveston and the oldest german catholic church in texas . the church was dedicated in april 1860 , to st . joseph , the patron saint of laborers . the building is a wooden gothic revival structure , rectangular with a square bell tower with tre ##foil window . the u . s . custom house began construction in 1860 and was completed in 1861 . the confederate army occupied the building during the american civil war , in 1865 , the custom house was the site of the ceremony officially ending the civil war . galveston ' s modern architecture include the american national insurance company tower ( one moody plaza ) , san luis resort south
| 608 |
[
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"radio",
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"##c",
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"from",
"1947",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"2010",
",",
"has",
"previously",
"served"
] | 2,127 |
and north towers , the breakers condom ##inium ##s , the galveston ##ian resort and condo ##s , one shear ##n moody plaza , us national bank building , the rainforest pyramid at moody gardens , john seal ##y hospital towers at ut ##mb and medical arts building ( also known as two moody plaza ) . the galveston county daily news , founded in 1842 , is the city ' s primary newspaper and the oldest continuously printed newspaper in texas . it currently serves as the newspaper of record for the city and the texas city post serves as the newspaper of record for the county . radio station kgb ##c , on air from 1947 @ - @ 2010 , has previously served
| 352 |
[
"as",
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"media",
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".",
"television",
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"##ho",
"##u",
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".",
"\"",
"many",
"statues",
"and",
"sculptures",
"can",
"be",
"found",
"around",
"the",
"city"
] | 2,128 |
as a local media outlet . television station k ##ho ##u signed on the air as kg ##ul @ - @ tv on march 23 , 1953 . originally licensed in galveston , kg ##ul was the second television station to launch in the houston area after k ##pr ##c @ - @ tv . one of the original investors in the station was actor james stewart , along with a small group of other galveston investors . in june 1959 , kg ##ul changed its call sign to k ##ho ##u and moved their main office to houston . the local hip hop name for galveston is " g @ - @ town . " many statues and sculptures can be found around the city
| 742 |
[
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".",
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".",
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"##e",
",",
"jr",
".",
"who",
"represented",
"galveston",
"in",
"the",
"senate"
] | 2,129 |
. here are a few well @ - @ known sculptures . 1900 storm memorial by david w . moore birth by arthur williams dig ##nified resignation by louis ama ##te ##is dolphins by david w . moore high tide by charles parks jack johnson by ad ##rien ##ne iso ##m pink dolphin monument by joe joe or ##ang ##ias texas heroes monument by louis ama ##te ##is galveston has been home to many important figures in texas and u . s . history . during the island ' s earliest history it became the domain of jean la ##fi ##tte , the famed pirate and american hero of the war of 1812 . richard bach ##e , jr . who represented galveston in the senate
| 364 |
[
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] | 2,130 |
of the second texas legislature in 1847 and assisted in drawing up the constitution of 1845 . he was also the grandson of benjamin franklin , one of the founding fathers of the united states of america and deborah read . in 1886 , the african @ - @ american galveston civil rights leader norris wright cu ##ney rose to become the head of the texas republican party and one of the most important southern black leaders of the century . noted portrait and landscape artist ve ##rner moore white moved from galveston the day before the 1900 hurricane . while he survived , his studio and much of his portfolio were destroyed . a survivor of the hurricane was the hollywood director king vi ##dor
| 460 |
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, who made his directing debut in 1913 with the film hurricane in galveston . later jack johnson , nicknamed the “ galveston giant ” , became the first black world heavyweight boxing champion . during the first half of the 20th century , william l . moody jr . established a business empire , which includes american national insurance company , a major national ins ##urer , and founded the moody foundation , one of the largest charitable organizations in the united states . sam mace ##o , a nationally known organized crime boss , with the help of his family , was largely responsible for making galveston a major u . s . tourist destination from the 1920s to the 1940s . john h
| 79 |
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] | 2,132 |
. murphy , a texas newspaper ##man for seventy @ - @ four years , was the longtime executive vice president of the texas daily newspaper association . douglas co ##rrigan became one of the early transatlantic aviator ##s , and was given the nickname " wrong way " for claiming to have mistakenly made the ocean crossing after being refused permission to make the flight . grammy @ - @ award winning singer @ - @ songwriter barry white was born on the island and later moved to los angeles . george p . mitchell , pioneer of hydraulic fra ##cturing technology and developer of the woodlands , texas , was born and raised in galveston . more recently til ##man j . fe ##rti
| 166 |
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##tta , part of the mace ##o blood ##line , established the land ##ry ' s restaurants corporation , which owns numerous restaurants and entertainment venues in texas and nevada . kay bailey hut ##chison was the senior senator from texas and the first female texas senator . gilbert pena , incoming 2015 republican member of the texas house of representatives from pasadena , was born in galveston in 1949 and lived there in early childhood . jonathan pollard , who sp ##ied for israel and was convicted in the us and sentenced to life in jail , was born in galveston . the film and television actor lee patterson , a native of vancouver , british columbia , lived in galveston and died there in
| 489 |
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2007 . other notable people include matt carpenter , second baseman for the st . louis cardinals , mike evans , wide receiver for the tampa bay buccaneers , actress katherine helm ##ond and tina knowles , fashion designer and creator of house of der ##eon , mother of beyonce and sol ##ange . grammy award winning r & b and jazz legend esther phillips was born in galveston in 1935 . = = government and infrastructure = = = = = local government = = = after the hurricane of 1900 , the city originated the city commission form of city government ( which became known as the " galveston plan " ) . the city has since adopted the council @ - @ manager
| 732 |
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form of government . galveston ' s city council serves as the city ' s legislative branch , while the city manager works as the chief executive officer , and the municipal court system serves as the city ' s judicial branch . the city council and mayor promote ordinance ##s to establish municipal policies . the galveston city council consists of six elected positions , each derived from a specified electoral district . each city council member is elected to a two @ - @ year term , while the mayor is elected to a two @ - @ year term . the city council appoint ##s the city manager , the city secretary , the city auditor , the city attorney , and the
| 450 |
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] | 2,136 |
municipal judge . the city ' s tax collector is determined by the city council and is outs ##our ##ced to galveston county . the city manager hires employees , promotes development , presents and administer ##s the budget , and implements city council policies . joe jaw ##ors ##ki is mayor , having replaced term @ - @ limited l ##yd ##a ann thomas may 2010 . jaw ##ors ##ki is also the grandson of leon jaw ##ors ##ki , united states special prosecutor during the water ##gate scandal in the 1970s . the galveston fire department provides fire protection services through six fire stations and 17 pieces of apparatus . the galveston police department has provided the city ' s police protection for more
| 453 |
[
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than 165 years . over 170 authorized officers serve in three divisions . the city is served by the rosenberg library , successor to the galveston mercantile library , which was founded in 1871 . it is the oldest public library in the state of texas . the library also serves as headquarters of the galveston county library system , and its librarian also functions as the galveston county librarian . = = = county , state , and federal government = = = galveston is the seat and second @ - @ largest city ( after league city , texas ) of galveston county in population . the galveston county justice center , which houses all the county ' s judicial functions as well as
| 443 |
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jail , is located on 59 ##th street . the galveston county administrative courthouse , the seat of civil and administrative functions , is located near the city ' s downtown . galveston is within the county precinct 1 ; as of 2008 patrick doyle serves as the commissioner of precinct 1 . the galveston county sheriff ' s office operates its law enforcement headquarters and jail from the justice center . the galveston county department of parks and senior services operates the galveston community center . galveston is located in district 23 of the texas house of representatives . as of 2008 , craig e ##ila ##nd represents the district . most of galveston is within district 17 of the texas senate ; as of
| 453 |
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] | 2,139 |
2008 joan huff ##man represents the district . a portion of galveston is within district 11 of the texas senate ; as of 2008 mike jackson represents the district . galveston is in texas ' s 14th congressional district and is represented by republican randy weber as of 2012 . the galveston division of the united states district court for the southern district of texas , the first federal court in texas , is based in galveston and has jurisdiction over the counties of galveston , bra ##zo ##ria , chambers and mata ##gor ##da . it is housed in the united states post office , customs house and court house federal building in downtown galveston . the united states postal service operates several post offices
| 493 |
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in galveston , including the galveston main post office and the bob lyons post office station . in addition the post office has a contract postal unit at the medical branch unit on the campus of the university of texas medical branch and the west galveston contract postal unit , located on the west end of galveston island in the beach ##side community of jamaica beach . = = = transportation = = = sc ##holes international airport at galveston ( iata : g ##ls , icao : kg ##ls ) is a two @ - @ runway airport in galveston ; the airport is primarily used for general aviation , offshore energy transportation , and some limited military operations . the nearest commercial airline service
| 612 |
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for the city is operated out of houston through william p . hobby airport and george bush intercontinental airport . the university of texas medical branch has two he ##lip ##ort ##s , one for ewing hall and one for its emergency room . the galveston railway , originally established and named in 1854 as the galveston wharf and cotton press company , is a class iii terminal switching railroad that primarily serves the transportation of cargo to and from the port of galveston . the railway operates 32 miles ( 51 km ) of yard track at galveston , over a 50 @ - @ acre ( 200 @ , @ 000 m2 ) facility . island transit , which operates the galveston island trolley
| 579 |
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] | 2,142 |
manages the city ' s public transportation services . intercity bus service to galveston was previously operated by kerr ##ville bus company ; following the company ' s acquisition by coach usa , service was operated by mega ##bus . all regular intercity bus service has been discontinued . galveston is served by amtrak ' s texas eagle via connecting bus service at long ##view , texas . interstate 45 has a southern terminus in galveston and serves as a main artery to galveston from mainland galveston county and houston . farm to market road 300 ##5 ( locally called sea ##wall boulevard ) connects galveston to bra ##zo ##ria county via the san luis pass @ - @ va ##cek toll bridge . state highway
| 590 |
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] | 2,143 |
87 , known locally as broadway street , connects the island to the bolivar peninsula via the bolivar ferry . a project to construct the proposed bolivar bridge to link galveston to bolivar peninsula was cancelled in 2007 . = = education = = = = = colleges and universities = = = established in 1891 with one building and fewer than 50 students , today the university of texas medical branch ( ut ##mb ) campus has grown to more than 70 buildings and an enrollment of more than 2 @ , @ 500 students . the 84 @ - @ acre ( 340 @ , @ 000 m2 ) campus includes schools of medicine , nursing , allied health professions , and a graduate
| 394 |
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] | 2,144 |
school of biomedical sciences , as well as three institutes for advanced studies & medical humanities , a major medical library , seven hospitals , a network of clinics that provide a full range of primary and specialized medical care , and numerous research facilities . galveston is home to two post @ - @ secondary institutions offering traditional degrees in higher education . galveston college , a junior college that opened in 1967 , and texas a & m university at galveston , an ocean @ - @ oriented branch campus of texas a & m university . = = = primary and secondary schools = = = the city of galveston is served by galveston independent school district , which includes six elementary schools
| 393 |
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] | 2,145 |
, two middle schools and one high school , ball high school . there is also one magnet middle school , austin middle school , serving grades 5 through 8 . galveston has several state @ - @ funded charter schools not affiliated with local school districts , including kindergarten through 8th grade ambassadors preparatory academy and pre @ - @ kindergarten through 8th grade odyssey academy . in addition ki ##pp : the knowledge is power program opened ki ##pp coastal village in galveston under the auspices of gi ##sd . several private schools exist in galveston . the roman catholic archdiocese of galveston @ - @ houston operates two roman catholic private schools , including holy family catholic school ( k through 8th )
| 403 |
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] | 2,146 |
and o ' connell college preparatory school ( 9 @ - @ 12 ) . other private schools include sato ##ri elementary school , trinity episcopal school , seaside christian academy , and heritage christian academy . = = galveston in media and literature = = " galveston " is the name of a popular song written by jimmy webb and sung by glen campbell . sheldon cooper , one of the main characters from the tv series the big bang theory , grew up in galveston . the theater film , the man from galveston ( 1963 ) , was the original pilot episode of the proposed nbc western television series temple houston , with jeffrey hunter cast as temple lea houston , a lawyer
| 742 |
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] | 2,147 |
and the youngest son of the legendary sam houston . for a time the real temple houston was the county attorney of bra ##zo ##ria county , texas . the temple houston series lasted for only twenty @ - @ six episodes in the 1963 @ - @ 1964 television season . donald bart ##helm ##e ' s 1974 short story " i bought a little city " is about an unnamed man who invest ##s his fortune in buying galveston , only to sell it thereafter . galveston is the setting of sean stewart ' s 2000 fantasy novel galveston , in which a flood of magic takes over the island city , resulting in strange and carnival ##es ##que adventures . it tied in
| 878 |
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] | 2,148 |
2001 with declare , by tim powers , for the world fantasy award for best novel . it also won the 2001 sun ##bu ##rst award and was a preliminary nominee for the nebula award for best novel . the drowning house , a novel by elizabeth black ( 2013 ) , is an exploration of the island of galveston , texas , and the inter ##twined histories of two families who reside there . stephen ##ie meyer has mentioned galveston island in her third book of the twilight series , eclipse . galveston ( 2010 ) is the first novel by nic pi ##zzo ##lat ##to , the creator of the hbo series true detective . = = sister cities = = galveston has five
| 130 |
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"port",
"huron",
",",
"michigan",
".",
"the",
"city",
"'"
] | 2,149 |
sister cities , as designated by sister cities international : arm ##avi ##r , armenia th ##ir ##u ##vana ##nt ##ha ##puram , india veracruz , mexico st ##ava ##nger , norway ni ##iga ##ta , japan sar ##nia is a city in southwestern ontario , canada , and had a 2011 population of 72 @ , @ 36 ##6 . it is the largest city on lake huron and in lamb ##ton county . sar ##nia is located on the eastern bank of the junction between the upper and lower great lakes where lake huron flows into the st . clair river , which forms the canada @ - @ united states border , directly across from port huron , michigan . the city '
| 596 |
[
"s",
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",",
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",",
"the",
"sar",
"##nia",
"port",
"remains",
"an",
"important"
] | 2,150 |
s natural harbour first attracted the french explorer la salle , who named the site " the rapids " when he had horses and men pull his 45 tonnes ( 50 short tons ; 44 long tons ) bar ##que " le gr ##iff ##on " up the almost four @ - @ knot current of the st . clair river on 23 august 1679 . this was the first time anything other than a canoe or other o ##ar @ - @ powered vessel had sailed into lake huron , and la salle ' s voyage was thus ge ##rmin ##al in the development of commercial shipping on the great lakes . located in the natural harbour , the sar ##nia port remains an important
| 982 |
[
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".",
"the",
"city",
"has",
"the",
"highest",
"level"
] | 2,151 |
centre for lake freighter ##s and ocean ##going ships carrying cargo ##es of grain and petroleum products . the natural port and the salt cavern ##s that exist in the surrounding areas , together with the oil discovered in nearby oil springs in 1858 led to the massive growth of the petroleum industry in this area . because oil springs was the first place in canada and north america to drill commercially for oil , the knowledge that was acquired there led to oil drill ##ers from sar ##nia travelling the world teaching other nations how to drill for oil . the complex of refining and chemical companies is called chemical valley and located south of downtown sar ##nia . the city has the highest level
| 351 |
[
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"##s",
"air",
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".",
"culturally",
",",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
"a",
"large",
"part"
] | 2,152 |
of part ##iculate ##s air pollution of any canadian city because of its reliance on the pet ##ro ##chemical industry . about 60 percent of the part ##iculate matter , however , comes from the neighboring united states . lake huron is cooler than the air in summer and warmer than the air in winter ; therefore , it moderate ##s sar ##nia ' s humid continental climate , which makes temperature extremes of hot and cold very rare . in the winter , sar ##nia experiences lake @ - @ effect snow because arctic air blows across the warmer waters of lake huron and conde ##nse ##s to form snow sq ##ual ##ls once over land . culturally , sar ##nia is a large part
| 524 |
[
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"latin",
"for",
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",",
"which",
"is"
] | 2,153 |
of the artistic presence in southern ontario . the city ' s international symphony orchestra is renowned in the area and has won the outstanding community orchestra award given by the detroit music awards in 2011 . michael learned grace ##d the stage of the imperial theatre for a 2010 production of driving miss daisy . the largest event that happens in sar ##nia is sar ##nia bay ##fest , which is a popular music festival that takes place during the summer . in 2013 , organizers cancelled the event because of money troubles but look forward in 2015 to combining with the international power ##boat festival and presenting a joint event . the name " sar ##nia " is latin for guernsey , which is
| 850 |
[
"a",
"british",
"channel",
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".",
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"col",
"##borne",
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"\"",
".",
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"john",
"col",
"##borne",
"suggested",
"port",
"sar",
"##nia"
] | 2,154 |
a british channel island . in 1829 sir john col ##borne , a former governor of guernsey , was appointed lieutenant governor of upper canada . in this capacity , he visited two small settlements in 1835 that had been laid out on the shores of lake huron . one of these , named " the rapids , " consisted then of 44 taxpayers , nine frame houses , four log houses , two brick dwellings , two tavern ##s and three stores . the villagers wished to change its name but were unable to agree on an alternative . the english settlers favoured the name " buenos aires " and the scottish " new glasgow " . sir john col ##borne suggested port sar ##nia
| 148 |
[
".",
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".",
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"as",
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"drawn",
"from",
"an",
"amalgamation",
"of",
"o",
"##ji",
"##b",
"##wa",
","
] | 2,155 |
. on 4 january 1836 , the name was formally adopted by a vote of 26 to 16 , and col ##borne also named the nearby village moore after british military hero sir john moore . sar ##nia adopted the nickname " the imperial city " on 7 may 1914 because of the visit of canada ' s governor general , h . r . h . the duke of con ##na ##ught , and his daughter princess patricia . first nations peoples have lived , hunted , and traveled across the area for at least 10 @ , @ 000 years , as shown by archaeological evidence on wal ##pole island . these peoples were drawn from an amalgamation of o ##ji ##b ##wa ,
| 428 |
[
"o",
"##da",
"##wa",
",",
"and",
"pot",
"##owa",
"##tam",
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",",
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".",
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".",
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",",
"including",
"huron",
",",
"sioux",
",",
"and",
"iroquois",
","
] | 2,156 |
o ##da ##wa , and pot ##owa ##tam ##i clans , which formed the three fires confederacy , also called the council of three fires , in a . d . 79 ##6 . these clans came together through common links in both language and culture , developing a self @ - @ sufficient society where tasks and responsibilities were equally shared among all members . during the 1600 ##s and 1700 ##s , the three fires confederacy controlled much of the area known as the hub of the great lakes , which included the canadian shore where sar ##nia is now located . during this time , it maintained relations with many of the first nations , including huron , sioux , and iroquois ,
| 259 |
[
"as",
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"of",
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"and",
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".",
"in",
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",",
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".",
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",",
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",",
"the",
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"area",
"as",
"a",
"set",
"of",
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"against",
"the",
"french",
"and",
"the"
] | 2,157 |
as well as the countries of great britain and france . in fact , their trading partners , the huron , welcomed la salle and the gr ##iff ##on in 1679 after he sailed into lake huron . the ontario heritage trust erected a sign under the blue water bridge in commemoration of the voyage , as shown by the photo of the sign . because of this beginning of the inc ##urs ##ion of europeans into the area , the members of the confederacy helped shape the development of north america throughout the 18th century , becoming a center of trade and culture . great britain supported this strengthening of the tribes in the area as a set of allies against the french and the
| 313 |
[
"ir",
"##o",
"##q",
"##ou",
"##is",
".",
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",",
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".",
"it",
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"the",
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"during",
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".",
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"1815",
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"but",
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"of",
"spring",
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"states",
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"the",
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"middle",
"to",
"late",
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",",
"when",
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"began",
"to",
"evolve",
".",
"after",
"the",
"war",
"of",
"1812",
",",
"the"
] | 2,158 |
ir ##o ##q ##ou ##is . the people of the three fires confederacy , however , sided with the french during the seven years ' war and only made peace with great britain after the treaty of fort niagara in 1764 . it also fought on the side of the british during the war of 1812 . the three fires confederacy also broke several treaties with the united states prior to 1815 , but finally signed the treaty of spring ##well ##s in september of that year and ceased all hostilities directed at the united states . the grand council survived intact until the middle to late 19th century , when more modern political systems began to evolve . after the war of 1812 , the
| 230 |
[
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"the",
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"miller",
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",",
"and",
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"arrival",
"of",
"the",
"great"
] | 2,159 |
first europeans in the area were french settlers loyal to the british crown who moved north from detroit . they successfully traded with the three fires confederacy , which contributed to the growth of the area . after its foundation , port sar ##nia expanded throughout the 19th century ; on 19 june 1856 , the residents passed the act to incorporate the town of sar ##nia and the name port sar ##nia was officially changed to sar ##nia effective 1 january 1857 . the act mentioned 1 @ , @ 000 inhabitants in three wards . the wealth of adjoining stands of timber , the discovery of oil in nearby oil springs in 1858 by james miller williams , and the arrival of the great
| 351 |
[
"western",
"railway",
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"air",
"environment",
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"steamship",
"lines",
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"in",
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"from",
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"previous",
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"pl",
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".",
"clair",
"river",
".",
"one",
"of",
"these",
"companies",
"was",
"northwest",
"transportation",
"company"
] | 2,160 |
western railway in 1858 and the grand trunk railway in 1859 all stimulated sar ##nia ' s growth . the rail lines were later linked directly to the united states by the opening of the st . clair tunnel under the st . clair river at sar ##nia in 1890 , by the grand trunk railway , which was the first railroad tunnel ever constructed under a river . the tunnel was an engineering marvel in its day , achieved through the development of original techniques for ex ##ca ##vating in a compressed air environment . canada steamship lines formed in 1913 from many previous companies that pl ##ied the waters of the st . clair river . one of these companies was northwest transportation company
| 584 |
[
"of",
"sar",
"##nia",
",",
"which",
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"founded",
"in",
"1870",
".",
"by",
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"april",
"1914",
",",
"when",
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"the",
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"##nia",
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"7",
"may",
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"sar",
"##nia",
"'",
"s",
"grain",
"elevator",
",",
"which",
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"was",
"built",
"after",
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"dr",
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"of",
"sar",
"##nia",
"harbour",
"in",
"1927",
".",
"two",
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"years",
"later",
",",
"grain",
"shipments",
"had",
"become",
"an",
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"part",
"of",
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"##nia",
"'",
"s",
"economy",
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"the",
"grain",
"elevator",
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"above",
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"harbour",
",",
"and",
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"it",
"is",
"the",
"slip",
"for",
"the",
"numerous",
"bulk",
"carriers",
"and",
"other"
] | 2,161 |
of sar ##nia , which was founded in 1870 . by 20 april 1914 , when the residents passed act to incorporate the city of sar ##nia , the population had grown to 10 @ , @ 98 ##5 in six wards . sar ##nia officially became a city as of 7 may 1914 . sar ##nia ' s grain elevator , which is the sixth largest currently operating in canada , was built after the dr ##edging of sar ##nia harbour in 1927 . two short years later , grain shipments had become an important part of sar ##nia ' s economy . the grain elevator rises above the harbour , and next to it is the slip for the numerous bulk carriers and other
| 214 |
[
"ships",
"that",
"are",
"part",
"of",
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"shipping",
"industry",
"that",
"includes",
"vessels",
"from",
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"the",
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"the",
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"between",
"detroit",
"and",
"sar",
"##nia",
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"one",
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"s",
"busiest",
",",
"as",
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"@",
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"94",
"##3",
"@",
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"@",
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"87",
"@",
",",
"@",
"02",
"##0",
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"77",
"@",
",",
"@",
"69",
"##7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"100",
"long",
"tons",
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"of",
"shipping",
"that",
"annually",
"travelled",
"the",
"river",
"going",
"in",
"both",
"directions",
"during",
"the",
"period",
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"–",
"2002",
".",
"lake",
"freighter",
"##s",
"and",
"ocean",
"##going",
"ships",
",",
"which",
"are",
"known",
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"\"",
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"##ies",
",",
"\"",
"pass",
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"and",
"down",
"the",
"river",
"at",
"the",
"rate",
"of",
"about",
"one",
"every",
"seven"
] | 2,162 |
ships that are part of the shipping industry that includes vessels from all over the world . the waterway between detroit and sar ##nia is one of the world ' s busiest , as indicated by the average of 78 @ , @ 94 ##3 @ , @ 900 tonnes ( 87 @ , @ 02 ##0 @ , @ 800 short tons ; 77 @ , @ 69 ##7 @ , @ 100 long tons ) of shipping that annually travelled the river going in both directions during the period 1993 – 2002 . lake freighter ##s and ocean ##going ships , which are known as " salt ##ies , " pass up and down the river at the rate of about one every seven
| 982 |
[
"minutes",
"during",
"the",
"shipping",
"season",
".",
"during",
"this",
"same",
"period",
",",
"the",
"paul",
"m",
".",
"tell",
"##ier",
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"the",
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"ii",
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"##nia",
"'",
"s",
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"a",
"major",
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"##ro",
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".",
"because",
"of",
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"##nia",
"'",
"s",
"importance",
"in",
"this",
"industry",
",",
"it",
"appeared",
"on"
] | 2,163 |
minutes during the shipping season . during this same period , the paul m . tell ##ier tunnel , which was named after the retired president of cn in 2004 , was bored and began operation in 1995 . it accommodate ##s double @ - @ stacked rail cars and is located next to the original tunnel , which has been sealed . while there had been a petroleum industry in the sar ##nia area since 1858 , the establishment of polymer corporation in 1942 to manufacture synthetic rubber during world war ii was a great success and began sar ##nia ' s rise as a major pet ##ro ##chemical centre . because of sar ##nia ' s importance in this industry , it appeared on
| 163 |
[
"a",
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"possible",
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"the",
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"although",
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".",
"on",
"1",
"january",
"1992",
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"the",
"city",
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"name",
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"##nia",
".",
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"##nia",
"'",
"s",
"population",
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"a",
"continual",
"growth",
"from",
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"1991",
",",
"with",
"a",
"1991",
"population",
"of",
"74",
"@",
",",
"@",
"37",
"##6",
"."
] | 2,164 |
a united states government list of possible soviet targets as part of its anti @ - @ energy nuclear strike strategy during the cold war . on 1 january 1991 , sar ##nia and the neighbouring town of clear ##water were amalgamated as the new city of sar ##nia @ - @ clear ##water . the amalgamation was originally slated to include the village of point edward , although that village ' s residents resisted and were eventually permitted to remain independent of the city . on 1 january 1992 , the city reverted to the name sar ##nia . sar ##nia ' s population experienced a continual growth from 1961 to 1991 , with a 1991 population of 74 @ , @ 37 ##6 .
| 320 |
[
"in",
"2001",
"the",
"population",
"had",
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"@",
",",
"@",
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",",
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"\"",
"sar",
"##nia",
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"s",
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"several",
"plants",
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"shut",
"##down",
",",
"and",
"of",
"those",
"still",
"in",
"operation",
",",
"increased",
"automation",
"and",
"outs",
"##our",
"##cing",
"has",
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"significantly",
"fewer",
"workers",
".",
"\"",
".",
"these",
"shut",
"##down",
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"and",
"the",
"resulting",
"loss",
"of",
"jobs",
",",
"and",
"therefore",
"population",
"as"
] | 2,165 |
in 2001 the population had declined by approximately 3 @ , @ 000 . since 2001 sar ##nia ' s population has been growing slowly , with a 2011 population count of 72 @ , @ 36 ##6 . despite these modest gains , an april 2010 report " sar ##nia @ - @ lamb ##ton ' s labour market " states : " large pet ##ro ##chemical companies are the community ' s main economic drivers . over the recent past , several plants have shut ##down , and of those still in operation , increased automation and outs ##our ##cing has led to significantly fewer workers . " . these shut ##down ##s and the resulting loss of jobs , and therefore population as
| 345 |
[
"workers",
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"elsewhere",
",",
"will",
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"a",
"general",
"decline",
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",",
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"-",
"@",
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"-",
"@",
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"the",
"city",
"of",
"sar",
"##nia",
"and",
"lamb",
"##ton",
"county",
"are",
"also",
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"an",
"economic",
"development",
"plan",
"with",
"an",
"emphasis",
"on",
"bio",
"##ind",
"##ust",
"##ries",
"and",
"renewable",
"energy",
".",
"=",
"=",
"geography",
"=",
"=",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
"located",
"on",
"the",
"eastern",
"shore",
"of",
"lake",
"huron",
"at",
"its",
"extreme",
"southern",
"point",
"where",
"it",
"flows"
] | 2,166 |
workers search for employment elsewhere , will contribute to a general decline shown by one august 2011 study , which shows that the population will decline by 17 % over the next twenty @ - @ five years . the monte ##ith @ - @ brown study cited outlines a plan for restructuring the city based on hybrid zoning areas , which will bring work opportunities closer to the neighborhoods where people live . the city of sar ##nia and lamb ##ton county are also implementing an economic development plan with an emphasis on bio ##ind ##ust ##ries and renewable energy . = = geography = = sar ##nia is located on the eastern shore of lake huron at its extreme southern point where it flows
| 344 |
[
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".",
"clair",
"river",
".",
"most",
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".",
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"glaciers",
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"of",
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"area",
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"as",
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"not",
"only",
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"existence",
"of",
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"great",
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"themselves",
"but",
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"terminal",
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"and",
"animal",
"matter",
"formed",
"many",
"layers",
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"sediment",
"as",
"they",
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"after",
"the",
"waters"
] | 2,167 |
into the st . clair river . most of the surrounding area is flat , and the elevation ranges from 169 metres ( 55 ##4 ft ) and 281 metres ( 92 ##2 ft ) above sea level . the soil mostly comprises clay . despite this high percentage of clay , the soil is remarkably rich for cultivation . prior to the ice age , glaciers covered most of the area , as can be seen not only by the existence of the great lakes themselves but also of all ##u ##vial sand deposits , terminal mora ##ines , and rich oil reserves . the entire area was submerged and plant and animal matter formed many layers of sediment as they settled after the waters
| 531 |
[
"rec",
"##eded",
".",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
"not",
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"park",
",",
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"park",
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"college",
"park",
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"south",
"of",
"the",
"highway",
".",
"the",
"village",
"of"
] | 2,168 |
rec ##eded . sar ##nia is not part of the canadian shield and is located just beyond its southernmost reaches , 290 kilometres ( 180 mi ) west of toronto and 106 kilometres ( 66 mi ) north of detroit . = = = neighbourhoods = = = wiltshire park , woodland , oak acres , wee ##s beach , oak ##wood corners , woodrow shores , and blackwell , are part of the north end of sar ##nia , which begins immediately north of ontario highway 402 and terminates at the shore of lake huron . coronation park , heritage park , college park , the tree streets , and sherwood village are some of the neighbourhoods south of the highway . the village of
| 596 |
[
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"classification",
"dfb",
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".",
"winters",
"are",
"cold",
"with",
"a",
"few",
"short"
] | 2,169 |
blue water was built to house workers and their families in chemical valley during the construction of polymer corporation and at one point had nearly 3 @ , @ 000 residents . in 1961 , all the residents were relocated , mostly to the north end , to make way for expansion of the chemical industry . the village was demolished , and all that remains now is an historical marker at the corner of vidal street and huron avenue . this neighbourhood was largely forgotten until historian lorraine williams penned two books about it and was instrumental in the dedication of the plaque . sar ##nia has a humid continental climate ( koppen climate classification dfb ) . winters are cold with a few short
| 341 |
[
"@",
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"@",
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"@",
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"76",
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"and",
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"the",
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"and",
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",",
"sar",
"##nia",
"has",
"a",
"noticeably",
"longer",
"warm",
"period",
"following",
"summer"
] | 2,170 |
@ - @ lasting arctic air masses that dip far enough south and bring with them daily high temperatures lower than − 10 ° c ( 14 ° f ) . sar ##nia , while not quite located in the southwestern ontario snow ##belt , sometimes receives large quantities of lake @ - @ effect snow . sar ##nia averages 112 @ . @ 0 cm ( 44 @ . @ 1 in ) of snow per year , while london averages 194 @ . @ 3 cm ( 76 @ . @ 5 in ) . the lake creates a seasonal la ##g , and compared to the rest of canada and inland ontario , sar ##nia has a noticeably longer warm period following summer
| 524 |
[
".",
"however",
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"cooler",
"temperatures",
"tend",
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".",
"lake",
"huron",
"can",
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"large",
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"and",
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"−",
"20",
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"f",
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"two",
"days",
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".",
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"are",
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"hot",
"and",
"usually",
"humid",
".",
"humid",
"##ex",
"readings",
"can",
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"very",
"high",
"at",
"times",
"from",
"late",
"may",
"to",
"late",
"september",
".",
"in",
"fact"
] | 2,171 |
. however , cooler temperatures tend to pre ##va ##il for longer after winter . lake huron can also create large temperature differences within the city in spring and early summer , particularly on hot days in late may , early june . finally , extreme temperatures , particularly low ##s , are rarely ever seen . daily low ##s less than − 10 ° c ( 14 ° f ) are seen an average of 30 days a year , and less than − 20 ° c ( − 4 ° f ) two days a year . summers are warm to hot and usually humid . humid ##ex readings can be very high at times from late may to late september . in fact
| 524 |
[
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"sar",
"##nia",
"has",
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",",
"both",
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",",
"ontario",
".",
"thunder",
"##storm",
"##s",
"can",
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"quite",
"severe",
"from",
"april",
"to",
"september",
".",
"destructive",
"weather",
"is",
"very",
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"in",
"the",
"area",
"but",
"has",
"occurred",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"tornado",
"event",
"of",
"1953",
".",
"=",
"=",
"demographics",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"2011",
",",
"sar",
"##nia",
"had",
"an",
"overwhelmingly",
"white",
"population",
";",
"only",
"8",
"@",
"."
] | 2,172 |
, sar ##nia has the second greatest number of high humid ##ex days at or above 35 ° c ( 95 ° f ) ( with 23 @ . @ 16 days on average per year ) and humid ##ex days at or above 30 ° c ( 86 ° f ) ( with 61 @ . @ 20 days on average per year ) in canada , both after windsor , ontario . thunder ##storm ##s can become quite severe from april to september . destructive weather is very rare in the area but has occurred , such as the tornado event of 1953 . = = demographics = = in 2011 , sar ##nia had an overwhelmingly white population ; only 8 @ .
| 144 |
[
"@",
"54",
"%",
"were",
"visible",
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".",
"of",
"those",
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"63",
"@",
".",
"@",
"77",
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".",
"in",
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",",
"89",
"@",
".",
"@",
"31",
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"sar",
"##nian",
"##s",
"called",
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"their",
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",",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"46",
"%",
"listed",
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",",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"87",
"%",
"stated",
"both",
"of",
"those",
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",",
"and",
"7",
"@",
".",
"@",
"37",
"%",
"said",
"another",
"language",
"was",
"their",
"mother",
"tongue",
".",
"the",
"median",
"age",
"in",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
"44",
"@",
".",
"@",
"5",
"which",
"is",
"older",
"than",
"the",
"canadian",
"median",
"of",
"40",
"@",
".",
"@",
"95",
",",
"indicative",
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"sar",
"##nia",
"'",
"s",
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"population",
".",
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"2011",
"census",
",",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
"pre",
"##dom",
"##inate",
"##ly"
] | 2,173 |
@ 54 % were visible minorities . of those , 63 @ . @ 77 % were aboriginal representing the largest group . in 2011 , 89 @ . @ 31 % of sar ##nian ##s called english their mother tongue , 2 @ . @ 46 % listed french , 0 @ . @ 87 % stated both of those languages , and 7 @ . @ 37 % said another language was their mother tongue . the median age in sar ##nia is 44 @ . @ 5 which is older than the canadian median of 40 @ . @ 95 , indicative of sar ##nia ' s aging population . according to the 2011 census , sar ##nia is pre ##dom ##inate ##ly
| 341 |
[
"christian",
"as",
"28",
"@",
".",
"@",
"46",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"were",
"catholic",
",",
"12",
"@",
".",
"@",
"4",
"%",
"were",
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"the",
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"church",
"of",
"canada",
",",
"7",
"@",
".",
"@",
"3",
"%",
"were",
"anglican",
",",
"and",
"20",
"@",
".",
"@",
"06",
"%",
"were",
"of",
"other",
"christian",
"faith",
"##s",
",",
"muslim",
",",
"or",
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";",
"28",
"@",
".",
"@",
"38",
"%",
"prof",
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"no",
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"or",
"were",
"atheist",
"##s",
".",
"the",
"median",
"income",
"counting",
"all",
"persons",
"15",
"years",
"old",
"or",
"older",
"in",
"sar",
"##nia",
"in",
"2010",
"was",
"$",
"29",
"@",
",",
"@",
"196",
",",
"while",
"median",
"family",
"income",
"was",
"$",
"76",
"@",
",",
"@",
"52",
"##3",
",",
"both",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"slightly",
"lower",
"than",
"ontario",
"'",
"s",
",",
"at",
"$",
"30",
"@",
","
] | 2,174 |
christian as 28 @ . @ 46 % of the population were catholic , 12 @ . @ 4 % were members of the united church of canada , 7 @ . @ 3 % were anglican , and 20 @ . @ 06 % were of other christian faith ##s , muslim , or jewish ; 28 @ . @ 38 % prof ##essed no religious preference or were atheist ##s . the median income counting all persons 15 years old or older in sar ##nia in 2010 was $ 29 @ , @ 196 , while median family income was $ 76 @ , @ 52 ##3 , both of which were slightly lower than ontario ' s , at $ 30 @ ,
| 341 |
[
"@",
"52",
"##6",
"and",
"$",
"80",
"@",
",",
"@",
"98",
"##7",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"the",
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"of",
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"sar",
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",",
"however",
",",
"is",
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"than",
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"as",
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".",
"the",
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",",
"for",
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",",
"is",
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"@",
",",
"@",
"266",
",",
"compared",
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"300",
"@",
",",
"@",
"86",
"##2",
"of",
"ontario",
"as",
"a",
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".",
"=",
"=",
"economy",
"and",
"infrastructure",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"sar",
"##nia",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"lamb",
"##ton",
"workforce",
"development",
"board",
"states",
"in",
"its",
"march",
"2011",
"labour",
"market",
"report",
"that",
":",
"\"",
"even",
"though",
"employment",
"in",
"both",
"the",
"pet",
"##ro",
"##chemical",
"and",
"agricultural",
"industries",
"has",
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"significantly",
"in",
"recent",
"years",
",",
"these",
"two",
"industries",
"remain",
"central",
"drivers",
"of",
"the"
] | 2,175 |
@ 52 ##6 and $ 80 @ , @ 98 ##7 , respectively . the cost of living in sar ##nia , however , is significantly lower than it is in ontario as a whole . the median value of a dwelling , for instance , is $ 179 @ , @ 266 , compared to the $ 300 @ , @ 86 ##2 of ontario as a whole . = = economy and infrastructure = = the sar ##nia @ - @ lamb ##ton workforce development board states in its march 2011 labour market report that : " even though employment in both the pet ##ro ##chemical and agricultural industries has declined significantly in recent years , these two industries remain central drivers of the
| 345 |
[
"sar",
"##nia",
"lamb",
"##ton",
"economy",
".",
"\"",
"when",
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"ii",
"threatened",
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"sources",
"of",
"natural",
"late",
"##x",
"for",
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",",
"sar",
"##nia",
"was",
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"spear",
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"of",
"synthetic",
"petroleum",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"based",
"rubber",
"##s",
"for",
"war",
"materials",
",",
"and",
"polymer",
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"by",
"dow",
"chemical",
"at",
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"the",
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"of",
"canada",
".",
"large",
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"##s",
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"oil",
"to",
"sar",
"##nia",
",",
"where",
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"refining",
"and",
"pet",
"##ro",
"##chemical",
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"have",
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"main",
"##sta",
"##ys",
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"'",
"s",
"economy",
".",
"shell",
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",",
"imperial",
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",",
"and",
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"##cor",
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"sun",
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".",
"large",
"salt",
"beds",
"found",
"under",
"the",
"city",
"became",
"a",
"source",
"of",
"ch"
] | 2,176 |
sar ##nia lamb ##ton economy . " when world war ii threatened tropical sources of natural late ##x for rubber , sar ##nia was selected as the site to spear ##head development of synthetic petroleum @ - @ based rubber ##s for war materials , and polymer corporation was built by dow chemical at the request of the government of canada . large pipeline ##s bring alberta oil to sar ##nia , where oil refining and pet ##ro ##chemical production have become main ##sta ##ys of the city ' s economy . shell canada , imperial oil , and sun ##cor energy ( sun ##oco ) operate ref ##iner ##ies in sar ##nia . large salt beds found under the city became a source of ch
| 576 |
[
"##lor",
"##ine",
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"other",
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"which",
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"##al",
"##ta",
"energy",
"corporation",
".",
"trans",
"##al",
"##ta",
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"power",
"and",
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"for",
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",",
"and",
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"-",
"@",
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".",
"it",
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"the",
"blue",
"##water",
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"site",
".",
"lan",
"##xes",
"##s",
"produces",
"more",
"than",
"150",
"@",
",",
"@"
] | 2,177 |
##lor ##ine and other significant ingredients which contributed to the success of chemical valley . chemical companies operating in sar ##nia include nova chemicals , bayer ( lan ##xes ##s and h . c . star ##ck ) , cab ##ot corporation and et ##hyl corporation . dow ceased operations at its sar ##nia site in 2009 . the plant was decommissioned , and the land has been sold to neighbouring trans ##al ##ta energy corporation . trans ##al ##ta produces power and steam for industry , and is the largest natural gas co @ - @ generation plant in canada . it has created the blue ##water energy park on the former dow site . lan ##xes ##s produces more than 150 @ , @
| 576 |
[
"000",
"tonnes",
"(",
"170",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
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"150",
"@",
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"@",
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"-",
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"62",
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"these",
"industrial",
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"they",
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"employ",
"nearly",
"8",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
",",
"and",
"contribute"
] | 2,178 |
000 tonnes ( 170 @ , @ 000 short tons ; 150 @ , @ 000 long tons ) of but ##yl rubber annually at its sar ##nia location , and is the sole producer of regulatory @ - @ approved , food @ - @ grade but ##yl rubber , used in the manufacture of chewing gum . within the boundaries of its sar ##nia plant lan ##xes ##s has also created the bio @ - @ industrial park sar ##nia . chemical valley and the surrounding area are home to 62 facilities and ref ##iner ##ies . these industrial complexes are the heart of sar ##nia ' s infrastructure and economy . they directly employ nearly 8 @ , @ 000 , and contribute
| 339 |
[
"to",
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"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"additional",
"jobs",
"in",
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".",
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",",
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"##2",
".",
"5",
",",
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"##gram",
"##s",
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".",
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"-",
"@",
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"in",
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"##nia",
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",",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"drift",
"##s",
"over",
"the",
"st",
".",
"clair",
"river"
] | 2,179 |
to almost 45 @ , @ 000 additional jobs in the area . in 1971 , the canadian government deemed this area so important to the economic development of the country that it printed an image of a sar ##nia oil refinery on the reverse of the canadian $ 10 note . the huge industrial area is the cause of significant air and water pollution . the canada wide daily standard for airborne part ##iculate matter and ozone pollution , regulation pm ##2 . 5 , is 30 micro ##gram ##s per cubic metre . forty @ - @ five percent of this part ##iculate air pollution in sar ##nia comes from chemical valley , and the rest drift ##s over the st . clair river
| 344 |
[
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] | 2,180 |
from the neighbouring united states in the form of what is known as " trans ##bound ##ary air pollution . " sar ##nia is the location of en ##bridge ' s sar ##nia photo ##vo ##lta ##ic power plant . the facility went into full commercial operation in december 2009 , with 20 mw of power . as of september 2010 , the plant was the largest photo ##vo ##lta ##ic ( pv ) solar power generation facility in the world , putting out 97 mw . the 80 @ - @ acre western university research park , sar ##nia @ - @ lamb ##ton campus was established in 2003 by the university of western ontario as a joint initiative with the county of lamb ##ton
| 531 |
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"@",
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"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 2,181 |
and the city of sar ##nia . the park is also the location of the bio ##ind ##ust ##rial innovation centre , canada ' s centre for the commercial ##ization of industrial biotechnology . in 2012 bio ##am ##ber began construction of north america ' s first bio ##su ##cci ##nic acid plant at the bio @ - @ industrial park . the company has since announced that it plans to double the original size of this $ 80 million plant . solutions ##4 ##c ##0 ##2 is developing a 50 @ , @ 000 square foot demonstration facility at the blue ##water energy park . this company captures waste gas / water streams to process into value @ - @ added co @ - @
| 554 |
[
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",",
"and",
"a",
"collection"
] | 2,182 |
products . plant ##form corporation , a canadian bio ##tech startup company producing ultra @ - @ low @ - @ cost therapeutic antibody drugs , opened an office at the western university research park in 2011 , and the km ##x corporation began work on a pilot plant at the park in summer 2012 , for the production of bio ##bu ##tan ##ol . = = = retail and hospitality = = = sar ##nia has two large malls : lamb ##ton mall with 72 stores , and the bays ##ide centre with 9 stores , and several government and medical services . these large malls combine with several smaller shopping centres , discount stores , dollar stores , convenience stores , and a collection
| 324 |
[
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".",
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"bridge",
"border",
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] | 2,183 |
of antique and specialty stores to form the cr ##ux of sar ##nia ' s retail business . travellers can choose from eight branded and many family @ - @ owned hotels and motel ##s . = = = transportation = = = the blue water bridge links sar ##nia and its neighbouring village of point edward to the city of port huron in the united states . it spans the st . clair river , which connects lake huron to lake st . clair . the bridge ' s original three @ - @ lane span , opened in 1938 , was twinned on 22 july 1997 , making the bridge the fourth busiest border crossing in ontario . the blue water bridge border crossing
| 597 |
[
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] | 2,184 |
makes use of both the nexus ( frequent traveler program ) and the free and secure trade ( fast ) program . linking highway 402 with the american interstate 94 ( i @ - @ 94 ) and i @ - @ 69 , the bridge forms part of the na ##ft ##a super ##hi ##gh ##way , and is one of the most important gateway ##s on the north – south truck routes . public transportation within the city of sar ##nia , including conventional bus transit , transportation of people with disabilities , transportation support for major events , and charter services , is provided by sar ##nia transit . from the city ' s local airport , sar ##nia chris had ##field airport
| 612 |
[
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"'",
"s"
] | 2,185 |
, air georgian operates services to and from toronto pearson international airport on behalf of air canada express . for rail travel , sar ##nia is one of the two western term ##ini , along with windsor , of the via rail quebec city – windsor corridor , over which a service depart ##s sar ##nia station in the morning and arrives in the evening . sar ##nia is served by blue ##water health , a hospital with 188 acute care beds , 70 complex continuing care beds and 27 rehabilitation beds . the hospital opened in 2010 , following the amalgamation of several smaller facilities . blue ##water health was recently recognized by healthcare insurance reciprocal of canada , one of the country ' s
| 340 |
[
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] | 2,186 |
largest hospital ins ##urer ##s , for its continued improvement in patient safety and care quality . sar ##nia ' s musical and theatrical presence in southern ontario is significant . the international symphony orchestra plays at the imperial theatre for an annual season lasting from september to april . in addition to symphonic concerts , the imperial theatre offers year @ - @ round dramatic productions ; michael learned played the lead in driving miss daisy at the theatre in 2010 . former max webster frontman kim mitchell has returned to his hometown on occasion to play a concert , including his visit in 2008 for sar ##nia ' s popular rib ##fest , a competition where local amateur chefs share their recipes for barbecue
| 849 |
[
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] | 2,187 |
##d ribs and compete against each other . canadian composer and music educator raymond murray sc ##ha ##fer was born in sar ##nia and developed his radical sc ##hi ##zo ##phon ##ia techniques there . musicians and groups such as aero ##smith , kiss , keith urban , john bon jo ##vi and ras ##cal flat ##ts have played at sar ##nia bay ##fest in the past . the sar ##nia bay ##fest , which was preceded by the " festival by the bay , " is an annual concert festival that features big @ - @ name rock and country bands , typically during the second or third weekend of july . 2013 would have marked the fifteenth anniversary of the annual festival , but
| 169 |
[
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] | 2,188 |
financial problems caused the event ' s cancellation . prior to december 2013 , organizers stated that it is " not the end " and that they planned on coming back on solid financial footing sometime in the future . as of december 2013 , however , bay ##fest organizers indicated they planned on merging with the international power ##boat festival for a joint event in 2015 . besides the single museum in sar ##nia proper , six other museums in the local area document sar ##nia ' s history , including its legacy as the home of the north american oil industry . gallery lamb ##ton offers 12 annual art exhibitions . in 2012 the judith and norman alex art gallery opened . it is
| 380 |
[
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"sar"
] | 2,189 |
an international category a art gallery . during the christmas season , the city of sar ##nia presents the annual " celebration of lights " in centennial park . the event was created in 1984 by dr . wills raw ##ana and a committee funded by the retail chain hudson ' s bay , and the national telecommunications company tel ##us . from modest beginnings the event has garnered numerous awards as it has grown , including second place in the 2002 canadian government ' s canada winter ##lights competition . the celebration , was incorporated in its national prize ##win ##ning year and is now run by a voluntary board of directors . = = attractions = = there are over 100 parks in sar
| 224 |
[
"##nia",
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"acres",
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".",
"can",
"##ata",
"##ra",
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"an",
"o",
"##ji",
"##b",
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".",
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".",
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"a",
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"s",
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"'",
"s",
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"to",
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".",
"the",
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"\"",
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"on",
"the",
"farm",
"\"",
"weekend",
"event",
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"the",
"farm",
"in",
"early",
"december",
"is",
"a",
"popular",
"community",
"event",
"enjoyed",
"by",
"families",
".",
"can",
"##ata",
"##ra",
"park",
"is",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"parks",
"in",
"southern"
] | 2,190 |
##nia , the largest being can ##ata ##ra park , which covers over 200 acres along the shore of lake huron . can ##ata ##ra is an o ##ji ##b ##we word that means blue water . the park was opened 24 may 1933 . within the park is lake chip ##ica ##n , a haven for 280 different species of birds on their migration routes . the park also maintains a children ' s animal farm as part of sar ##nia ' s commitment to wildlife . the annual " christmas on the farm " weekend event held at the farm in early december is a popular community event enjoyed by families . can ##ata ##ra park is one of the first parks in southern
| 153 |
[
"ontario",
"to",
"feature",
"an",
"outdoor",
"fitness",
"equipment",
"installation",
".",
"the",
"largest",
"recreational",
"park",
"in",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
"germain",
"park",
",",
"which",
"incorporates",
"five",
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"diamonds",
",",
"four",
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"fields",
",",
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",",
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"aviator",
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"lives",
"in",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
",",
"one",
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"##ir",
"sabres",
"in",
"canada",
"is",
"on",
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"in",
"the",
"park",
",",
"centennial",
"park",
"was",
"opened",
"on",
"dominion",
"day",
"in",
"1967",
",",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"canada",
"'",
"s",
"centenary",
"celebrations",
".",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"sar",
"##nia",
"decided",
"in",
"2013",
"to",
"close",
"much",
"of",
"centennial",
"park",
",",
"after",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"toxic",
"lead",
"and",
"asbestos",
"in",
"the",
"soil",
".",
"sar",
"##nia",
"has",
"one",
"remaining",
"museum",
"within",
"its",
"city"
] | 2,191 |
ontario to feature an outdoor fitness equipment installation . the largest recreational park in sar ##nia is germain park , which incorporates five baseball diamonds , four soccer fields , an outdoor pool , and the community gardens . as a memorial to canadian aviator ##s who gave their lives in world war ii , one of the remaining canada ##ir sabres in canada is on display in the park , centennial park was opened on dominion day in 1967 , as part of canada ' s centenary celebrations . the city of sar ##nia decided in 2013 to close much of centennial park , after the discovery of toxic lead and asbestos in the soil . sar ##nia has one remaining museum within its city
| 377 |
[
"limits",
":",
"\"",
"stones",
"'",
"n",
"bones",
"\"",
",",
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",",
"artifacts",
",",
"fossils",
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"a",
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"era",
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".",
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"s",
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"attraction",
",",
"while",
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"harbour",
"houses",
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"##s",
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"sailing",
".",
"since",
"1925",
",",
"the",
"400",
"km",
"(",
"250",
"mi",
")",
"mack",
"##ina",
"##c",
"race",
"from",
"sar",
"##nia",
"/",
"port",
"huron",
"to",
"mack",
"##ina",
"##c",
"island",
"at",
"the",
"north"
] | 2,192 |
limits : " stones ' n bones " , which houses over 6 @ , @ 000 exhibits . the collection includes rocks , artifacts , fossils , and bones from all over the world . a previous museum , the discovery house museum , has been converted into to a hospice . this historic house , built between 1869 and 1875 , is recognised as a testament to victorian era construction . the city ' s sandy fresh water beaches are a popular tourist attraction , while the sheltered harbour houses marina ##s for recreational sailing . since 1925 , the 400 km ( 250 mi ) mack ##ina ##c race from sar ##nia / port huron to mack ##ina ##c island at the north
| 601 |
[
"end",
"of",
"the",
"lake",
"has",
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"sailing",
"season",
",",
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"@",
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"s",
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"and",
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".",
"niagara",
"@",
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"based",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"magazine",
"publisher",
"lynn",
"og",
"##ry",
"##z",
"##lo",
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"the",
"chip",
"trucks",
"in",
"august",
"2012",
"and",
"stated",
"\"",
"i",
"was",
"blown",
"away",
"by",
"sar",
"##nia",
",",
"\"",
"not",
"only",
"by",
"the",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"waterfront",
",",
"where",
"the",
"chip",
"trucks",
"are",
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",",
"but",
"also",
"by",
"the",
"chip",
"trucks",
"themselves",
".",
"she",
"also",
"published",
"an",
"article"
] | 2,193 |
end of the lake has been the highlight of the sailing season , drawing more than 3 @ , @ 000 sailors each year . sar ##nia ' s fresh @ - @ cut fries are another popular tourist attraction , and thousands of visitors annually visit the chip trucks parked under the blue water bridge . niagara @ - @ based cook ##book author and food e @ - @ magazine publisher lynn og ##ry ##z ##lo visited the chip trucks in august 2012 and stated " i was blown away by sar ##nia , " not only by the city ' s waterfront , where the chip trucks are located , but also by the chip trucks themselves . she also published an article
| 46 |
[
"in",
"her",
"e",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"magazine",
",",
"the",
"ontario",
"table",
",",
"recognizing",
"the",
"outstanding",
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"@",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"based",
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"writer",
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"s",
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"##nia",
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".",
"\"",
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",",
"sar",
"##nia",
"officials",
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"chip",
"trucks",
"during",
"a",
"period",
"of",
"construction",
".",
"realizing",
"the",
"popularity",
"of",
"sar",
"##nia",
"'",
"s",
"chip",
"trucks",
",",
"the",
"ontario",
"medical",
"association",
"includes",
"them",
"in",
"a",
"campaign",
"to",
"have",
"fries",
"and",
"other",
"junk",
"food",
"labelled",
"for",
"being",
"dangerous",
"in",
"the",
"same",
"manner",
"as",
"cigarettes",
".",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
"home"
] | 2,194 |
in her e @ - @ magazine , the ontario table , recognizing the outstanding quality of the fresh @ - @ cut fries . gu ##el ##ph @ - @ based travel writer pat brennan also recognized the quality of sar ##nia ' s fries in his 2007 piece " sar ##nia boasts best fries in the world . " in 2012 , sar ##nia officials even created a special det ##our to reach the chip trucks during a period of construction . realizing the popularity of sar ##nia ' s chip trucks , the ontario medical association includes them in a campaign to have fries and other junk food labelled for being dangerous in the same manner as cigarettes . sar ##nia is home
| 102 |
[
"to",
"the",
"sar",
"##nia",
"sting",
",",
"a",
"junior",
"ice",
"hockey",
"team",
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".",
"dino",
"ci",
"##cca",
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",",
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",",
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"entry",
"draft",
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"bay",
"lightning",
",",
"and",
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"by",
"nail",
"ya",
"##ku",
"##po",
"##v",
"in",
"2012",
".",
"sar",
"##nia",
"is",
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"home",
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"the",
"sar",
"##nia",
"legion",
"##naire",
"##s",
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"hockey",
"team",
",",
"which",
"plays",
"in",
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"hockey",
"league",
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"the",
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"to",
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"sar",
"##nia",
"legion",
"##naire",
"##s",
"(",
"1954",
"–",
"1970",
")",
",",
"who",
"won",
"five",
"western",
"jr",
".",
"'",
"b",
"'",
"championships",
"and",
"four",
"sutherland"
] | 2,195 |
to the sar ##nia sting , a junior ice hockey team in the ontario hockey league . dino ci ##cca ##relli , a former nhl player , was a part owner of the team . former sting player steven st ##am ##kos was selected first overall in the 2008 nhl entry draft by the tampa bay lightning , and was followed by nail ya ##ku ##po ##v in 2012 . sar ##nia is also home to the sar ##nia legion ##naire ##s ice hockey team , which plays in the greater ontario junior hockey league . the team is successor to the sar ##nia legion ##naire ##s ( 1954 – 1970 ) , who won five western jr . ' b ' championships and four sutherland
| 638 |
[
"cups",
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"16",
"seasons",
"in",
"the",
"ontario",
"hockey",
"association",
".",
"sar",
"##nia",
"has",
"a",
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".",
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".",
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"##nia",
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"-",
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"##nia",
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"bi",
"##ce",
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"ford",
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"men",
"'",
"s",
"curling",
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",",
"winning",
"both",
"times",
".",
"=",
"=",
"government",
"=",
"=",
"sar",
"##nia",
"city",
"council",
"consists",
"of",
"nine",
"elected",
"members"
] | 2,196 |
cups during 16 seasons in the ontario hockey association . sar ##nia has a successful tradition in canadian football . as members of the ontario rugby football union , the local team sar ##nia imperial ##s twice won the grey cup , in 1934 and 1936 . the modern sar ##nia imperial ##s are a semi @ - @ professional team playing in the northern football conference . the sar ##nia @ - @ born world champion curl ##er steve bi ##ce played as alternate for the glenn howard rink in the 2007 tim horton ##s br ##ier and 2007 ford world men ' s curling championship , winning both times . = = government = = sar ##nia city council consists of nine elected members
| 626 |
[
":",
"the",
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"k",
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"##z",
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",",
"marc",
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"sad",
"##dy",
",",
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",",
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",",
"the",
"second",
"prime",
"minister",
"of",
"canada",
".",
"at",
"the",
"provincial",
"level"
] | 2,197 |
: the mayor , four members from the city , and four members from the county . the mayor and all council members are elected to four @ - @ year terms . the four lamb ##ton county council members serve both county and city council . the current mayor , mike bradley , has held the position since december 1988 and is currently the second longest @ - @ serving mayor in the province of ontario behind milton ' s go ##rd k ##rant ##z . past mayors of the city have included andy brandt , marc ##eil sad ##dy , paul blu ##nd ##y , thomas george johnston , and alexander mackenzie , the second prime minister of canada . at the provincial level
| 450 |
[
",",
"sar",
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"is",
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"##nia",
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"##ton",
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",",
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",",
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"at",
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",",
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"##nia",
"'",
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",",
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"parliament",
",",
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"a",
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"was",
"elected",
"in",
"their",
"1990",
"provincial",
"wave",
")",
".",
"=",
"=",
"education"
] | 2,198 |
, sar ##nia is located within the sar ##nia — lamb ##ton provincial electoral district , represented in 2013 by bob bailey , a member of the progressive conservative party of ontario . at the federal level , sar ##nia is located within the sar ##nia — lamb ##ton federal electoral district which in 2013 was represented by patricia davidson of the conservative party of canada . over the past 50 years , sar ##nia ' s voters have been moderate , and the party affiliation of its members of parliament , both provincial and federal , has swung back and forth largely between the liberal and progressive conservative parties ( a new democrat was elected in their 1990 provincial wave ) . = = education
| 441 |
[
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"##ton",
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".",
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",",
"st",
".",
"patrick",
"'",
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",",
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"st",
".",
"patrick",
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"name",
",",
"on",
"st",
".",
"christopher",
"'",
"s",
"north",
"sar",
"##nia"
] | 2,199 |
= = the lamb ##ton kent district school board is responsible for the 13 elementary and four secondary public schools ( northern collegiate institute and vocational school , alexander mackenzie secondary school , sar ##nia collegiate institute & technical school , and st . clair secondary school ) located within sar ##nia ' s boundaries . the st . clair catholic district school board is responsible for the city ' s seven elementary and two secondary catholic schools ( st . christopher ' s and st . patrick ' s ) . in 2014 , st . patrick ' s and st . christopher ' s merged , under the st . patrick ' s name , on st . christopher ' s north sar ##nia
| 393 |
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