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Please write an abstract with title: The Future of Endoscopic Navigation: A Review of Advanced Endoscopic Vision Technology, and key words: Endoscopes, Navigation, Surgery, Instruments, Imaging, Minimally invasive surgery, Lesions. Abstract: Minimally invasive medicine has become mainstream because of its crucial clinical significance in providing a low risk of postoperative complications, limited blood loss, short postoperative recovery time, and small sizes of associated physiological tissue wounds. Endoscopic navigation systems comprise a research hot spot in medical science and technology and are an essential means to achieve precision medicine and improve surgical operation safety. As a core component in endoscopic navigation during minimally invasive surgery, endoscopes play a critical role in disease diagnosis and treatment. The development of endoscopic vision technologies has resulted in a renewed drive to further develop endoscopic navigation systems. Multiple endoscopic optical imaging modalities provide data sources for endoscopic vision technology, including white-light endoscopy, contrast-enhanced imaging and technologies involving magnified observation. Endoscopic vision is a specific application of computer vision involving the use of endoscopes that include instrument tracking, endoscopic view expansion, and suspicious lesion tracking in the application of endoscopic navigation. These techniques help surgeons or surgical robots locate instruments and lesions and expand the field of view of the endoscope. Although these technologies have been applied to various clinical and pre-clinical diagnoses and treatments, the use and combination of these advanced technologies in endoscopic navigation system for specific clinical requirements remains challenging. This review performs a broad survey of advanced endoscopic vision technologies and their application in endoscopic navigation systems. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in implementing and developing endoscopic navigation systems.
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrated SOI rib waveguide using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching, and key words: Plasma applications, Plasma waves, Etching, Lithography, Atomic measurements, Atomic force microscopy, Force measurement, Plasma measurements, Hafnium oxide, Optical films. Abstract: To achieve the integration of self-alignment connection between single-mode fiber and rib waveguide in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, a three-mask lithography process was used. Micrographs revealed uniform U-grooves and accurate self-alignment between the U-groove and the rib waveguide. An atomic force microscope with an ultrasharp tip was used to directly measure the endface profile of the SOI rib waveguide etched using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICPRIE). The rms roughness of the SOI rib waveguide endface was compared with that of a conventional chemical mechanical polishing endface. As an attractive single layer antireflection coating on silicon substrate, HfO/sub 2/ film reduced the Fresnel reflection losses from 2.55 to 0.022 dB. After depositing HfO/sub 2/ films onto waveguide endfaces, the rms roughness difference between the two SOI rib waveguides was also investigated. The rms endface roughness was influenced by the highly directional waveguide endface etched by ICPRIE. The results indicated that the three-mask lithography ICPRIE process is easy, cost-effective, and acceptable in a mass production environment.
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Please write an abstract with title: Supports for components loading and binding at boot-time for component-based embedded operating systems, and key words: Operating systems, Kernel, Hardware, Earth Observing System, Cathode ray tubes, Laboratories, Runtime, Programming profession, Dynamic programming, Ground penetrating radar. Abstract: This paper presents the process of boot-time components loading and binding for TICK, a component-based embedded operating system targeted at resource-constrained devices. Based on the memory configuration information exported from the hardware abstraction layer, service components are loaded one-by-one through a configurable tunnel between the target and a hosting machine. Since the relocation information is provided in each self-contained component, the binding module in the component run-time establishes required connections among components. Interfacing members of all loaded components are resolved during the boot-time instead of during the link-time, thus different types of bindings between components can be implemented. Evaluation experiments show that the performance impacts induced are acceptable, while the infrastructure enables a flexible configuration of the target system.
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Please write an abstract with title: Mutual Influence of Cavity Resonances of a Shielding Enclosure on the Resonance of a Dipole inside that Enclosure, and key words: Couplings, Electric potential, Europe, Electromagnetic compatibility, Hazards, Complexity theory, Heat sinks. Abstract: In recent years, a risk-based approach has been proposed to better manage EM-related risks of electronic systems. Within this approach it is critical to detect potential risks as much and as early as possible. Unfortunately, many hazards (potential contributors to risks) are "hiding" deep in the system and/or can only appear when "excited" under certain conditions. One such example is electromagnetic (EM) resonance of components and structures (e.g., traces, heatsinks, PCBs, enclosures) within electronic systems. These resonances can further lead to unintended and increased coupling effects which may result in seriously hazardous situations. In this paper, we consider the relatively simple but basic case of a trace (modelled as a dipole) within a closed metallic enclosure. Both quantitative calculations and full-wave EM-simulation results reveal the complexity of the possible resonance mechanisms and interactions.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Cell Augmentation Tool for Blood Smear Analysis, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Red blood cells, Conferences, Cells (biology), Transforms, Object detection. Abstract: We propose a tool to add parasite-infected red blood cells to blood smear images for malaria screening based on a Mask R-CNN network. The number of infected and uninfected red blood cells in blood smears of malaria patients is typically unbalanced. Our proposed tool extracts cells, augments them by rotation, and then pastes the augmented cells back into empty spaces between existing cells. To paste augmented cells back into an image, the underlying algorithm computes a set of candidate locations that are far away from existing cells by applying a distance transform to a cell mask. Among these candidate locations, the final locations are selected by choosing the locations that are far from each other and distributed across the image to avoid cell clusters and touching cells.For evaluation, we augment 165 blood smear images from 33 patients and run tests on 800 blood smear images from 160 patients. In the training set, the number of infected red blood cells is much smaller than the number of uninfected cells, 1,142 vs. 33,071. The tool adds 8,208 rotated copies of infected cells across all images, increasing the total number of infected cells to 9,350. We then use Mask R-CNN to detect infected cells, before and after augmentation, and find that our tool improves the recall, precision, and F1 measure for the detection of infected cells by about 6%.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Branch and Bound Algorithm for Optimal PLA Folding, and key words: Programmable logic arrays, NP-complete problem, Input variables, Algorithm design and analysis, Computer science, Heuristic algorithms, Software algorithms, Software packages, Physics computing, Costs. Abstract: In this paper we present a branch and bound algorithm which exhaustively searches for an optimal column and/or row folding of PLAs. For PLAs with up to 50-60 input/output lines we can obtain an optimal solution in no more than a few minutes.
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Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Joint Multi-cell Optimization of IRS Parameters with Linear Precoders, and key words: Training, Degradation, Simulation, Power control, Channel estimation, Synchronization, Intercell interference. Abstract: We present distributed methods for jointly optimizing Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) phase-shifts and beamformers in a cellular network. The proposed schemes require knowledge of only the intra-cell training sequences and corresponding received signals without explicit channel estimation. Instead, an achievable sum-rate objective is estimated via sample means and maximized directly. This automatically includes and mitigates both intra- and inter-cell interference provided that the uplink training is synchronized across cells. Different schemes are considered that limit the set of known training sequences from interferers. With MIMO links an iterative synchronous bi-directional training scheme jointly optimizes the IRS parameters with the beamformers and combiners. Simulation results show that the proposed distributed methods show a modest performance degradation compared to centralized channel estimation schemes, which estimate all channels including all cross-channels, and perform significantly better than decentralized channel estimation schemes which ignore the inter-cell interference.
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal solution for PMSM rotor magnet demagnetization based on temperature estimation for EV application, and key words: Temperature distribution, Magnetic flux, Velocity control, Rotors, Estimation, Permanent magnet motors, Electric vehicles. Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are extensively used in electric vehicle applications. Selection of rotor magnetic material in PMSM is a key factor deciding motor characteristics. Temperature rise causes the rotor magnets to get demagnetized, which adversely effects the machine operation in EVs. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the rotor magnet demagnetization effect of PMSM by considering the temperature rise. A flux observer based temperature estimation model is used. The estimated temperature based speed control unit for EV application is also presented in this paper. The demagnetization prevention algorithm is tested and simulated using MATLAB successfully and the results are presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: AppSRAM: Incremental Retraining Method to Compensate for SRAM Failure in Voltage-Scaling Embedded CNN System, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Power demand, Memory management, Random access memory, Switches, Convolutional neural networks, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been used widely in many fields. But to deploy CNN on an embedded system, we need to overcome the memory power problem: the memory power is too large a part of total power consumption. It is very significant to reduce the memory power in embedded CNN system. In this paper, a new method called AppSRAM is proposed to solve this problem. By lowering the supply voltage of static random access memory (SRAM), the memory is treated as approximate memory, and the power of memory can decrease a lot. However, deploy CNN on this approximate memory would cause non-unneglectable accuracy loss because of the SRAM failure caused by voltage scaling. AppSRAM can use incremental retraining method to compensate for this effect. And thanks to both deploy weight data and intermediate data on approximate memory, AppSRAM can further save more power. Experiments show that by performing AppSRAM on an embedded CNN system (running Cifar-10 network), the memory power can reduce to 48% of original memory power while the accuracy loss is only 0.8.
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Please write an abstract with title: Language models beyond word strings, and key words: Speech recognition, Speech processing, Speech analysis, Databases, Natural languages, Event detection, Phase detection, Stochastic systems, Automatic speech recognition, Virtual manufacturing. Abstract: In this paper we want to show how n-gram language models can be used to provide additional information in automatic speech understanding systems beyond the pure word chain. This becomes important in the context of conversational dialogue systems that have to recognize and interpret spontaneous speech. We show how n-grams can: (1) help to classify prosodic events like boundaries and accents; (2) be extended to directly provide boundary information in the speech recognition phase; (3) help to process speech repairs; and (4) detect and semantically classify out-of-vocabulary words. The approaches can work on the best word chain or a word hypotheses graph. Examples and experimental results are provided from our own research within the EVAR information retrieval system and the VERBMOBIL speech-to-speech translation system.
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Multi-Hierarchical signSGD for Communication-Efficient Distributed Optimization, and key words: Convergence, Adaptive learning, Signal processing algorithms, Stochastic processes, Training, Upper bound, Standards. Abstract: In this work, we investigate a communicationefficient multi-hierarchical signSGD (MH-signSGD) algorithm with an adaptive learning rate. Under the symmetric assumption of the stochastic gradient distribution, we show that, without the need for learning rate tuning, our proposed MH-signSGD matches the state-of-art sublinear convergence rate O(1/√K) in nonconvex settings, where K is the number of iterations. Our adaptive learning strategy is based on stochastically approximating the learning rate found by greedily minimizing an error upper bound between two successive iterations. Moreover, by leveraging a normal approximation technique to characterize stochastic gradient sign error, we are able to sharpen the convergence analysis of MH-sighSGD with a fixed learning rate 1/√K and establish a strong result in the large-system regime, which says that the MH-signSGD algorithm asymptotically converges to a stationary point at rate O(1/√M), where M is the number of workers. In comparison, most existing work on signSGD can only prove a weaker finite neighborhood convergence in the large system regime. We validate our theoretical results experimentally both on synthetic data and real-world datasets.
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Sizing and Operation of Distributed Energy Resources in Micro-grid with Fuel Cells, and key words: Hydrogen, Power systems, Fuels, Schedules, Renewable energy sources, Filling, Oils. Abstract: This study proposes an optimal installed capacity of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) for a small remote island (Aguni-Island) is belongs to Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Generator (WG), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and Fuel Cell (FC) are considered to be installed for optimal sizing. The simulation conducted in this study has been simplified to account seasonal load and weather variations. This simulations aims to minimize the fuel and total cost of the system as it resulted in a total cost, which is lower than it was before DERs to be implemented. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions from diesel generators have been reduced.
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Please write an abstract with title: Accurate and Efficient Large-Scale Multi-Label Learning With Reduced Feature Broad Learning System Using Label Correlation, and key words: Training, Learning systems, Task analysis, Computational modeling, Deep learning, Support vector machines, Labeling. Abstract: Multi-label learning for large-scale data is a grand challenge because of a large number of labels with a complex data structure. Hence, the existing large-scale multi-label methods either have unsatisfactory classification performance or are extremely time-consuming for training utilizing a massive amount of data. A broad learning system (BLS), a flat network with the advantages of succinct structures, is appropriate for addressing large-scale tasks. However, existing BLS models are not directly applicable for large-scale multi-label learning due to the large and complex label space. In this work, a novel multi-label classifier based on BLS (called BLS-MLL) is proposed with two new mechanisms: kernel-based feature reduction module and correlation-based label thresholding. The kernel-based feature reduction module contains three layers, namely, the feature mapping layer, enhancement nodes layer, and feature reduction layer. The feature mapping layer employs elastic network regularization to solve the randomness of features in order to improve performance. In the enhancement nodes layer, the kernel method is applied for high-dimensional nonlinear conversion to achieve high efficiency. The newly constructed feature reduction layer is used to further significantly improve both the training efficiency and accuracy when facing high-dimensionality with abundant or noisy information embedded in large-scale data. The correlation-based label thresholding enables BLS-MLL to generate a label-thresholding function for effective conversion of the final decision values to logical outputs, thus, improving the classification performance. Finally, experimental comparisons among six state-of-the-art multi-label classifiers on ten datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BLS-MLL. The results of the classification performance show that BLS-MLL outperforms the compared algorithms in 86% of cases with better training efficiency in 90% of cases.
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Please write an abstract with title: Event-Triggered-Based Discrete-Time Neural Control for a Quadrotor UAV Using Disturbance Observer, and key words: Unmanned aerial vehicles, Artificial neural networks, Disturbance observers, Attitude control, Mechatronics, IEEE transactions, Closed loop systems. Abstract: An event-triggered-based (ETB) discrete-time neural control is studied for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with external disturbances and input saturation by using the discrete-time disturbance observer (DTDO). First, the ETB mechanism of the neural network is given and the Sigmoid-type function is employed to tackle the problem of input saturation. Then, the DTDO is designed and the saturation function is utilized to ensure the boundedness of virtual control signal. Combining the discrete-time tracking differentiator and the backstepping technology, the stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed. Finally, the experiment results of the quadrotor UAV system are given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
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Please write an abstract with title: Private Information Delivery, and key words: Servers, Privacy, Indexes, Decoding, Random variables, Hospitals, Sun. Abstract: We introduce the problem of private information delivery (PID), comprised of K messages, a user, and N servers (each holds M ≤ K messages) that wish to deliver one out of K messages to the user privately, i.e., without revealing the delivered message index to the user. The information theoretic capacity of PID, C, is defined as the maximum number of bits of the desired message that can be privately delivered per bit of total communication to the user. For the PID problem with K messages, N servers, M messages stored per server, and N ≥ ΓMK⌉, we provide an achievable scheme of rate 1/ΓMK⌉ and an information theoretic converse of rate M/K, i.e., the PID capacity satisfies 1/ΓKM⌉ ≤ C ≤ M/K. This settles the capacity of PID whenMKis an integer. When K/M is not an integer, we show that the converse rate of M/K is achievable if N ≥ K/gcd(K,M ) - ( M/gcd(K,M) - 1)(⌊K/M⌋- 1), and the achievable rate of 1/ΓMK⌉ is optimal if N =ΓK/M⌉. Otherwise if ΓK/M⌉ <; N<; K/gcd(K,M) -( M/gcd(K,M) -1)(⌊K/M⌋-1), we give an improved achievable scheme and prove its optimality for several small settings.
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Please write an abstract with title: Discharges Pattern Recognition on Uniformly Polluted Glass Surface Using an MLPNN Classifier, and key words: Image color analysis, Surface discharges, Surface contamination, Flashover, Insulators, Discharges (electric), Classification algorithms. Abstract: this paper propose an approach for electrical discharges recognition using an MLPNN based on an image-processing tool. In fact, our proposed algorithm aims to detect and monitor the apparition of electrical discharges, from the apparition of smallest discharge to the flashover arc, through analysis of colors on the recorded images. For this purpose, first, we perform the acquisition of images using a High Definition (HD) camera in laboratory. These images are collected on a plan glass insulator model, where we dispose the polluted solution uniformly (using a spray, then a sieve). Second, we proceed to encode these images in RGB system. Therefore, each image has a corresponding feature vector that informs about the quantity of six colors that are contained in each discharge image. Third, an MLPNN algorithm is elaborated to detect the evolution of the discharges of the flashover phenomenon. Our algorithm is using the feature vector of each image as input, while the output of this classification algorithm is a class (from 1 to 5) indicating the stage of discharges on the plan insulating surface.
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Please write an abstract with title: Convolution Neural Networks Backbone model for Citrus Leaf Disease Detection, and key words: Location awareness, Training, Computational modeling, Plants (biology), Transfer learning, Training data, Feature extraction. Abstract: In agriculture, Leaf disease inferred that the plant lacks elements, gets infected, or even the environment is not suitable and needs special treatment. Specific knowledge and experience were needed to classify the leaf disease. As a result, the Artificial Intelligence system to classify plant diseases was developed to help reduce the time needed and precision. The backbone model or the base model is the model that proved to be efficient in extracting the feature from the input images. This research aimed to find the backbone model that is suitable for citrus disease classification with localization. In this paper, Four backbone models chosen as a candidate were VGG16 [1], ResNet50V2 [2], DenseNet169 [3], and MobileNetV3 [4]. Both trainings from the scratch and transfer learning were used [5]–[8] to compare the model's compatibility and to detect Citrus leaf disease. The dataset [9] contains 596 images of diseased(canker, black spot, and greening) and healthy Citrus leaves with data augmentation. In this research, the model with transfer learning could achieve the best results in the most selected model. The models that have the best performance were VGG16, ResNet50V2, and DenseNet169, respectively. For the evaluation result of local collected data, The best model was VGG16 however the improvement was needed in the planed future work with the diseases detection with localization.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Nonlinear Control of a Haptic Glove for Virtual Palpation, and key words: Pneumatic actuators, Force, Sociology, Linear regression, Thumb, Transfer functions, Haptic interfaces. Abstract: This paper presents the design and kinematic analysis of a Haptic Glove for medical elastographic imaging virtual palpation. Of the 12 degrees of freedom present in the index finger, middle finger, and thumb of the hand, the design constrains 5 and controls 6 with pneumatic air cylinder actuators, allowing uncontrolled, but measured motion in the remaining degree of freedom. Nearly linear bijective transfer functions between the actuator positions and joint angles are found in closed form for all 6 actuated joints. A nonlinear force and stiffness controller based on backstepping-sliding mode algorithm was designed and implemented.
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Please write an abstract with title: Latent variable decomposition of spectrograms for single channel speaker separation, and key words: Spectrogram, Frequency, Histograms, Loudspeakers, Speech, Laboratories, Conferences, Acoustic signal processing, Acoustic applications, Probability distribution. Abstract: In this paper we present an algorithm for the separation of multiple speakers from mixed single-channel recordings by latent variable decomposition of the speech spectrogram. We model each magnitude spectral vector in the short-time Fourier transform of a speech signal as the outcome of a discrete random process that generates frequency bin indices. The distribution of the process is modelled a mixture of multinomial distributions, such that the mixture weights of the component multinomials vary from analysis window to analysis window. The component multinomials are assumed to be speaker specific and are learnt from training signals for each speaker. The distributions representing magnitude spectral vectors for the mixed signal are decomposed into mixtures of the multinomials for all component speakers. The frequency distribution, i.e. the spectrum for each speaker is reconstructed from this decomposition. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very effective at separating mixed signals.
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Please write an abstract with title: A new approach for measuring surface parameters by a capacitive sensor, and key words: Capacitive sensors, Corrugated surfaces, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Dielectric films, Dielectric measurements, Electrodes, Dielectric substrates, Capacitance, Sensor phenomena and characterization. Abstract: In this work we propose and study novel methodologies to characterize dielectric films and surface roughness on conducting substrates with a capacitance sensor. We show that it is possible to measure both, the dielectric constant and thickness of a dielectric film using a corrugated electrode and a flat electrode. Then we show that the statistical parameters of a rough surface with Gaussian statistics can be obtained from two capacitance measurements. In both cases we present results from numerical simulations. In addition, for the case of dielectric film characterization we present some preliminary experimental results to corroborate the proposed methodology.
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Please write an abstract with title: Aircraft trajectory planning with collision avoidance using mixed integer linear programming, and key words: Trajectory, Collision avoidance, Mixed integer linear programming, Vehicle dynamics, Path planning, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Air traffic control, Remotely operated vehicles, Military aircraft, Space vehicles. Abstract: Describes a method for finding optimal trajectories for multiple aircraft avoiding collisions. Developments in spacecraft path-planning have shown that trajectory optimization including collision avoidance can be written as a linear program subject to mixed integer constraints, known as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). This can be solved using commercial software written for the operations research community. In the paper, an approximate model of aircraft dynamics using only linear constraints is developed, enabling the MILP approach to be applied to aircraft collision avoidance. The formulation can also be extended to include multiple waypoint path-planning, in which each vehicle is required to visit a set of points in an order chosen within the optimization.
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Please write an abstract with title: Graph Attentive Feature Aggregation for Text-Independent Speaker Verification, and key words: Manifolds, Conferences, Signal processing, Graph neural networks, Data models, Acoustics, Speech processing. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to combine multiple frame-level features into a single utterance-level representation considering pair-wise relationships. For this purpose, we propose a novel graph attentive feature aggregation module by interpreting each frame-level feature as a node of a graph. The inter-relationship between all possible pairs of features, typically exploited indirectly, can be directly modeled using a graph. The module comprises a graph attention layer and a graph pooling layer followed by a readout operation. The graph attention layer first models the non-Euclidean data manifold between different nodes. Then, the graph pooling layer discards less informative nodes considering the significance of the nodes. Finally, the readout operation combines the remaining nodes into a single representation. We employ two recent systems, SE-ResNet and RawNet2, with different input features and architectures and demonstrate that the proposed feature aggregation module consistently shows a relative improvement over 10%, compared to the baseline.
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Please write an abstract with title: Depth Embedded and Dense Dilated Convolutional Network for Crowd Density Estimation, and key words: Training, COVID-19, Pandemics, Convolution, Sociology, Estimation, Security. Abstract: In recent years, due to the rapid growth of the urban population, the management of public security has become extremely necessary. Therefore, accurate crowd counting and density distribution estimation play an important role in many situations especially during the Covid-19 pandemic which has been spreading around the world. Although many studies have been proposed, it remains to be a challenging task because of the vivid intra-scene scale variations of people caused by depth effects. In this paper, we propose a novel unified system that allows the scale variation problem to be solved both directly and indirectly. To allow the network to have an understanding of depth when estimating crowd density, we first propose to embed this information into the crowd density estimation network indirectly through the training process by mean of multi-task learning. Our network is now designed to solve not only the main task of estimating crowd density, but also a side task: depth estimation. Besides, to learn the large-scale features directly, dense dilated convolution blocks were proposed to be used in our encoder. The experimental results demonstrate that by using both such direct and indirect methods, we can boost the performance and achieve good results compared to existing methods. Besides, with the multi-task design, we can completely cut off the unnecessary branches of the network related to the side task to speed up computation during the testing phase.
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Please write an abstract with title: Hot-Spot Modeling of REBCO NI Pancake Coil: Analytical and Experimental Approaches, and key words: High-temperature superconductors, Heating systems, Superconducting magnets, Windings, Integrated circuit modeling, Cooling, Critical current density (superconductivity). Abstract: The No-Insulation (NI) winding provides intrinsic bypassing current paths that enable self-protection from overheating. The self-protection of the NI coil is one of the most promising protection techniques for the high field high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet applications. Since the additional paths are valid for an HTS magnet with a thinner matrix, the self-protection mechanism is applicable even for the higher current density magnet with reduced matrix thickness inside the HTS tape. However, reducing the matrix can cause damage to the magnet by producing excessive heat during the quench. This research introduces a new modeling method to investigate the hot-spot characteristics in the REBCO NI pancake coil. The model is also validated with a sample NI HTS coil experiment result. Radial direction Normal Zone Propagation (NZP) velocity of the sample coil is estimated based on the suggested model. The calculated radial direction NZP velocity is applied to calculate the center field drop of the NI HTS coil, and the result is well-matched with the experiment result. We also introduce one example of the model applications. The maximum current density that will not exceed a given reference temperature in the adiabatic cooling condition is estimated using the model.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Study of Tensile and Fatigue Loading Effects on the Performance of Metal-Packaged FBG Strain Sensor Developed for Cryogenic Applications, and key words: Fiber gratings, Temperature sensors, Sensors, Cryogenics, Strain, Optical fiber sensors, Fatigue. Abstract: Strain measurements are the fundamental task for structural health monitoring of critical equipment for cryogenic applications. However, the failure of strain sensors has been inevitable due to cyclic loading and/or over-loading. Therefore, a durable metal-packaged FBG sensor for strain measurements at cryogenic temperatures is successfully developed by combining magnetron sputtering and electroplating processes. Tensile and fatigue loading effects on the performance of the sensors are evaluated for the first time by uniaxial tensile testing at constant cryogenic temperatures down to 80 K and tension-tension fatigue testing at 133 K to verify their durability and reliability. The sensors which have high-quality multilayer metallic layers and good interfacial bonding exhibit markedly higher sensitivity than that of the bare FBG, with good linearity, stability, and repeatability and without obvious hysteresis. Fatigue failure of the sensors may occur due to fatigue fracture of the optical fibers with the gratings at a certain high strain level and due to zero shift caused by interface debonding or cracking at a relatively lower strain level. As the strain level is lowered, the sensor fatigue life is increased. There is at least one substantially lower strain level at which the sensors with good linearity, repeatability, and stability do not fail at the maximum number of test cycles. These results indicate that the metal-packaged FBG sensors are promising candidates for long-term measurement of strains, and thus monitoring structural health of critical equipment at cryogenic temperatures.
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Please write an abstract with title: Image restoration using a hybrid combination of particle filtering and wavelet denoising, and key words: Image restoration, Filtering, Noise reduction, Gaussian noise, Additive white noise, Particle filters, Discrete wavelet transforms, Nonlinear distortion, Noise robustness, Wavelet domain. Abstract: In this paper we propose a novel image restoration method that effectively combines a particle filter with wavelet shrinkage to achieve robust performance against inhomogeneous noise mixtures. Specifically, the particle filter acts to suppress outlier-rich components of the noise while, in a subsequent step, the wavelet domain shrinkage attenuates any remaining, less heavily tailed noise components. We present late breaking preliminary examples demonstrating excellent rejection of salt-and-pepper like Cauchy noise mixed with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Although limited in scope, these preliminary results suggest that the combination of particle filters with more traditional restoration techniques is a powerful approach that can provide a new dimension of flexibility for addressing noise mixtures involving difficult nonlinear and non-Gaussian components.
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Please write an abstract with title: Torque control of switched reluctance machine drive system, and key words: Torque control, Reluctance machines, Pulse width modulation, Acceleration, Control systems, Switches, Automatic control, Switching converters, Space vector pulse width modulation, Fuzzy logic. Abstract: The paper presents the principles of output torque closed-loop control of the switched reluctance machine drive system. The control parameters, the feedback parameter and the control strategies are introduced. The fuzzy logic algorithm of the increment of the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal is given. The hardware and the experimental results of the prototype are also presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: Machine Propositional Model Research Based on Natural Language Processing, and key words: Measurement, Electrical engineering, COVID-19, Conferences, Education, Manuals, Ontologies. Abstract: Machine propositions are the research frontier of natural language processing technology, and the core of the technology path is the result of the development of reading comprehension and question answering systems. Machine propositions can help save a lot of manpower and time, especially in the case of the continuous development of the Covid-19, and help the teaching acceptance and learning evaluation of online learning. At present, the simultaneous pursuit of autonomous propositions and precision requirements in the academic field of machine propositions is the research focus and difficulty.
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Please write an abstract with title: Support for disconnected operation via architectural self-reconfiguration, and key words: Hardware, Computer architecture, Software systems, Availability, Frequency, Computer science, Monitoring, Prefetching, Buffer storage, Linear programming. Abstract: In distributed and mobile environments, the connections among the hosts on which a software system is running are often unstable. As a result of connectivity losses, the overall availability of the system decreases. The distribution of software components onto hardware nodes (i.e., deployment architecture) may be ill-suited for the given state of the target hardware environment and may need to be altered to improve the software system's availability. In this paper, we present a flexible, software architecture-based solution for disconnected operation that increases the availability of a system during disconnection by allowing the system to monitor and automatically redeploy itself.
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on a text data preprocessing method suitable for clustering algorithm, and key words: Measurement, Information science, Data preprocessing, Text categorization, Clustering algorithms, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Classification algorithms. Abstract: In the clustering process, the eigenvalues in the data set have mixed type attributes such as numerical and text, and the measurement methods are inconsistent. In this paper, the distance between samples is easily affected by the eigenvalues of a certain dimension. This includes affecting clustering performance and the inability of continuous algorithms to deal with discrete data. These two problems focus on two points in the algorithm of this paper. First, each characteristic attribute of the dataset is analyzed. The type and number of ranges for each attribute is counted. Attributes that are not affected by the clustering algorithm are deleted. Secondly, the text feature attributes with more than 2 range are extended to multiple new feature attributes. Each attribute has only two value fields, replaced by 0 or 1 respectively. This approach makes all textual and numeric attributes use a uniform metric. This method was used to preprocess the mushroom dataset. This keeps the values in the dataset in the same range. Clustering algorithm is used to classify it. In the experiment, the classification accuracy of k-means++ algorithm is improved from 70.9% to 89.2% compared with LabelEncoder method. It also applies to more algorithms. This proves that our method works.
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Please write an abstract with title: It Depends on Your Perspective: Comparing Advanced Manufacturing Employers Expectations to Advanced Manufacturing Curriculum Frameworks, and key words: Manufacturing, Industries, Education, Cognition, Frequency conversion, Employment, Text mining. Abstract: To meet the rising skill demands of the dynamic advanced manufacturing (AM) industry, two-year AM programs must produce well trained graduates. This need is especially marked in Florida because the state is an AM leader, producing intermediate and finished products ranging from plastics to tortillas to motor vehicles. In total, Florida is home to over 20,000 AM companies employing over 320,000 workers. Florida is also geographically diverse, being simultaneously one of the most urban and one of the most rural highly populous states in the country. To characterize Florida's AM employment needs, we sought to determine how AM jobs were distributed across the state. We analyzed 108 job postings from Florida employers who were seeking manufacturing and engineering technicians through publicly available job postings. We used text mining to extract the knowledge areas and verbs in the documents that AM employers identified in job postings and desired from their entry-level employees. We compared those topics and verbs to the ones found in the Florida Department of Education's (FLDoE) AM curriculum framework for two-year programs. We found varying levels of alignment, and, in some instances, misalignment, between employers' desired topics and competency levels and those found in FLDoE Frameworks. Our findings not only highlight the importance of industry-education partnerships to tailor preparation to employer needs, but also suggest that a deeper exploration and analysis of AM jobs is needed to further determine alignment to FLDoE frameworks. We conclude that the FLDoE framework may be used as a foundation, but not the sole source, for important AM knowledge areas.
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Please write an abstract with title: AutoPrompt: A Desktop Application for Designing Micro-Lectures using Micro-Prompt Strategy for Online Education Systems, and key words: Software testing, Education, Computer architecture, Manuals, Software. Abstract: The micro-prompt* strategy balances several complex pedagogical tradeoffs hence found helpful in designing assignment free micro-lectures (MIL). Manual implementation of this strategy is time-consuming and may introduce human errors. This research is the answer to these problems. This research presents a desktop application entitled "AutoPrompt". This application helps in designing assignment free micro-lectures using the micro-prompt strategy by automating the MIL design process. The complete reference architecture of the proposed application is discussed in detail in this paper. To judge our application's quality, we conducted a software testing program and found satisfying results, including some precious feedback. The details of the testing program, results and feedbacks are also presented in this paper. We believe that the reference architecture proposed in this paper helps researchers and software developers to design more sophisticated applications for online educators and learners.
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Please write an abstract with title: Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Simulation With Reduced Absorber Thickness and Efficiency Exceeding 25%, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Photonic band gap, Photovoltaic cells, Solar energy, Production, Silicon, Semiconductor process modeling. Abstract: Monocrystalline solar cells (c-Si) are one of the best solar energy technologies. Since the early 1900’s c-Si has had one of the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), compared to other types of solar energy technologies. A major down side to c-Si is the price. c-Si are the highest priced solar cells, selling for $0.254 to$0.455 per watt. The goal of this research is to find a c-Si device architecture that uses less material and still has a high PCE greater than 20%. By using Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (wxAMPS), a solar cell simulation program, to vary and simulate the average c-Si solar cell design parameters. The changes of the c-Si were applied both to the n and p- type dopant layers modifying the thickness, hole mobility, and electron mobility. The simulations performed resulted in the current density – voltage (J-V curves), energy band gap, and the external quantum efficiency (EQE). The power conversion efficiency resulted in a PCE of 28%. The results of this research show that with a reduction in c-Si materials, the PCE is remains higher than many of the other solar energy photovoltaic technologies.
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Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Visual Requirements and Software-Design for Immersive Visibility in Industrial Applications, and key words: Visualization, Additives, Color, Tools, Production facilities, Hardware, Time factors. Abstract: Currently, many sources predict increasing use of AR technology in the industrial environment. The task of immersive productive assistance systems is to provide information contextually to the industrial user. Therefore, it is essential to explore the factors and effects that influence the visibility and the corresponding quality of this information. Caused by the technical limitations of additive display technology and application conditions, this new approach has evaluated the immersive visibility of Landolt Rings in various greyscales against ambient illuminance levels on different industrial-like surfaces, coupled with and without a white virtual background. For this purpose, an empirical study in a within-subjects-design with full factorial experimental design (n=23) was conducted on Microsoft HoloLens 2 hardware. The mean values of the main effects indicate that visibility is significantly affected by ambient illuminance (best results at lower level), greyscale (best results at middle level) and virtual background (best results with background). In contrast, the choice of surface is shown to have no statistically significant effect on visibility, however it affects the response time. Additionally, cross-interactions of variables were analyzed and lead to a design recommendation for immersive industrial applications.
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Please write an abstract with title: The Model of the Relationship of the of Micro-arc Oxidation Process Parameters Based on Graph Theory, and key words: Coatings, Oxidation, Electrolytes, Metals, Current measurement, Voltage measurement, Electrical resistance measurement. Abstract: At present, the micro-arc oxidation technology, which makes it possible to obtain oxide coatings with unique properties on the surface of metals and alloys of the valve group, is increasingly used in science and technology. These coatings are used not only to solve traditional problems, such as protecting machine parts and devices from wear and corrosion, but also when developing new-generation prostheses with antibacterial properties, as well as in dosimetry. The disadvantage of this technology is the lack of controllability caused by a large number of heterogeneous factors that jointly affect the coating properties. To solve this problem, on the basis of graph theory and set theory, a model was developed that describes the totality of the influencing factors of the micro-arc oxidation process and the relationship between them, aimed at finding the most informative factors to be experimentally determined in the coating formation process. The analysis of the developed model showed that the most important technological parameters affecting the properties of the formed oxide layers are forming voltage, time and current density. It is shown that many characteristics of the resulting coatings (micro-hardness, thickness, porosity, wear resistance and thermal conductivity) can be calculated by measuring the time dependences of the voltage (forming curves) and the current of the micro-plasma process or dynamic current-voltage characteristics. The proposed model has a limitation associated with the need to fix a number of technological parameters (temperature, concentration of electrolyte components in the electrolyte, current pulse frequency) when measuring the above dependencies. The model can be used both in scientific research and in production when selecting the optimal technological parameters of the micro-arc oxidation process.
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Logistic Regression Model Based On Simplex Basis Function, and key words: Logistics, Data models, Computational modeling, Analytical models, Estimation, Numerical models, Adaptation models. Abstract: In this paper a novel nonlinear logistic regression model based on a simplex basis function neural network is introduced that outputs probability of categorical variables in response to multiple predictors. It is shown that since a linear combination of the simplex basis functions can be represented as a piecewise linear model, the proposed nonlinear logistic regression model retains the main advantage of linear logistic regression model, that is, allowing probabilistic interpretation of the data sets from an identified model. The associated estimation problem is treated based on the principle of maximum likelihood by alternating over two algorithms; the iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm for linear parameters, while the simplex basis functions are fixed; then nonlinear parameters in each simplex basis function are adapted in turn based on gradient descent of the negative likelihood. The proposed algorithm is then extended to estimation of nonlinear multinomial logistic model. Numerical experiments are initially carried out to illustrate the advantage of nonlinear logistic regression model versus its linear counterpart in terms of approximation capability. Then we apply the proposed method for a difficult computer vision example of land-cover real data set.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Comparison Among Lithium-Ion, Nickel-Cadmium & Nickel-Metal-Hydride Batteries for Charging and Discharging in Electric Vehicle by Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter, and key words: Simulation, Battery management systems, DC-DC power converters, Bidirectional control, Electric vehicles, Discharges (electric), Batteries. Abstract: This paper describes the design and simulation of the batteries which are connected in series with a DC-DC converter. In the present scenario, the demand for an electric vehicle is increasing day by day. In any electrical system that has used for storage the energy or delivering the energy, they must need a battery system. Without a good energy storage system, the electric system is incomplete. State of Charge is a very important part of a battery. When any battery is connected for charging then soc will always be increased and decreasing at the time of discharge. In this paper we are trying to discuss if the batteries are connected in series, then SOC will be affected or not. Any Liion battery is connected with a bi-directional DC-DC converter than what changes are shown in the simulation? In an electric vehicle the battery management system is playing a very important role this time. So, in our paper first, we have to discuss which batteries are most suitable for a long-term electric vehicle. We have proposed the two types of batteries and show in this paper the simulation and modeling. Simulation results show that pulse width is a very important factor to complete its work.
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Please write an abstract with title: Synergism of Recurrent Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic for Short Term Energy Load Forecasting, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Support vector machines, Recurrent neural networks, Load forecasting, Computational modeling, Artificial neural networks, Predictive models. Abstract: Utility companies need to plan the generation capacity and resources for establishing an efficient energy management with reduced wastage. Load forecasting would become essential to a power system’s scheduling operations. Despite comprehensive work on short-term forecasting of loads using multiple machine learning models, there is room for improvement in prediction accuracy. A novel method of shortterm load forecasting based on the combination of fuzzy logic with recurrent neural network (RNN) model has been proposed in this paper. The Fuzzy logic model maps the highly nonlinear relationship between weather parameters like changes in temperature and their effect on the regular demand for electric charges. The Fuzzy logic model maps the highly nonlinear relationship between weather parameters such as temperature changes and their effect on the daily demand for electric loads. The proposed approach combines the advantages of fuzzy logic and neural networks to predict the next day’s load. Dataset of demand for electricity charging for a period of two years from 2013 to 2014 was obtained from ISO New England with a one hour resolution. It is observed that in terms of precision, the Fuzzy-RNN hybrid model outperforms its counterpart RNN. It is observed that in terms of precision, the Fuzzy- hybrid model outperforms its counterpart RNN. The proposed model was contrasted with other state-of - the-art methods for short-term load forecasting including artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzyANN, support vector machine (SVM), and generic neural regression network (GRNN). Overall, the computed results conclude that the synergetic use of fuzzy logic with RNN model is successful in achieving higher accuracy by efficiently mapping the effect of weather parameters with a change in load demand. Fuzzy-RNN has performed best with the highest accuracy in load forecasting amongst the six models considered.
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Please write an abstract with title: Resilience evaluation of distribution network considering fault repair, and key words: Analytical models, Wind speed, System performance, Distribution networks, Maintenance engineering, Hypercubes, Hurricanes. Abstract: Resilience is used to assess the ability to maintain and recover system performance in an extreme weather, which is one of the most important performance indicators of smart grid. A model for evaluating the hurricane resilience of distribution network considering fault repair is proposed. First, the difference between resilience and reliability is described. Second, to perfect the resilience evaluation and analysis method of distribution systems, a component failure probability model under hurricane condition is built, the latin hypercube sampling is used to reduce the failure scenes and a distribution network restoration model considering fault repair is established. Finally, a simulation verifies the validity and accuracy of the proposed method in this paper.
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399,439 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Testing of Pseudorandom Sequence of Small Length as a Component of the Internet of Things Security, and key words: Multiprotocol label switching, Artificial neural networks, Table lookup, Flexible printed circuits, Expert systems. Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) devices collect some volumes of data, some of which will require protection based on sensitivity or compliance requirements. IoT data protection solutions must span edge to cloud, provide scalable encryption and key management, and not impede data analysis. The available approaches to testing random or pseudorandom sequences show low flexibility and versatility in the means of finding hidden patterns in the data. It is revealed that for sequences of length up to 100 bits there are not enough existing statistical packets. The available techniques show low flexibility and versatility in the means of finding hidden patterns in the data. Perspective direction of research - static testing of sequences using multidimensional statistics is considered. To solve this problem, it is suggested to use algorithms based on multidimensional statistics. In the work, formulas are given and theorem for testing sequences for randomness, using two or three-dimensional statistics that can be used for small and medium-sized sequences is formulated. The new technique of PRS testing is proposed in the paper, and several criteria for testing bit sequence of small length are considered, which, in comparison with one-dimensional statistics, gives a more accurate result. As a result of the implementation of this technique, an information system can be created that will allow analyzing the PRS of a small length and choosing a quality PRS for use in the Internet of Things Security.
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Please write an abstract with title: Verification of Scheduling of Conditional Behaviors in High-Level Synthesis, and key words: Tools, Scheduling, Computer bugs, Complexity theory, Optimization, Very large scale integration, Sparks. Abstract: High-level synthesis (HLS) technique translates the behaviors written in high-level languages like C/C++ into register transfer level (RTL) design. Due to its complexity, proving the correctness of an HLS tool is prohibitively expensive. Translation validation is the process of proving that the target code is a correct translation of the source program being compiled. The path-based equivalence checking (PBEC) method is a widely used translation validation method for verification of the scheduling phase of HLS. The existing PBEC methods cannot handle significant control structure modification that occurs in the efficient scheduling of conditional behaviors. Hence, they produce a false-negative result. In this article, we identify some scenarios involving path merge/split where the state-of-the-art PBEC approaches fail to show the equivalence even though behaviors are equivalent. We propose a value propagation-based PBEC method along with a new cutpoint selection scheme to overcome this limitation. Our method can also handle the scenario where adjacent conditional blocks (CBs) having an equivalent conditional expression are combined into one CB. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of our method over the existing methods.
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399,441 |
Please write an abstract with title: An algorithm for estimating signal-to-noise ratio of UWB signals, and key words: Signal to noise ratio, Throughput, Ultra wideband technology, Wireless communication, Communications technology, Data communication, Wireless networks, Interference, Correlators, Computer simulation. Abstract: Recently, ultra wide-band (UWB) wireless communication technology, which provides high data transmission rates and is capable of linearly trading off between throughput and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), has drawn much attention for short-range wireless networks. To fully exploit its desirable features and to minimize its interference with coexisting other systems requires knowledge of the SNRs at the receivers. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for estimating the pulse energy-to-noise ratio of an UWB signal through utilization of output samples from a correlator in the receiver and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm through computer simulation. A notable feature of the proposed algorithm is that it does not affect the effective throughput because the estimation process does not require any additional specific training signals.
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399,442 |
Please write an abstract with title: Phase Shift Control of a Three-Phase Inverter for Balanced Secondary Currents in Misaligned Three-Phase Inductive Power Transfer Systems, and key words: Couplers, Inverters, Transmitters, Legged locomotion, Capacitors, Inductance, Receivers. Abstract: This paper presents a strategy for generating fundamental reference voltage commands for a double-sided LCC tuned three-phase wireless power transfer (WPT) system to achieve balanced output currents when the receiver and transmitter are not perfectly aligned. Formulas for translating the normalized fundamental current commands into phase-shift commands for two of the phase legs in a two-level three-phase inverter are derived. The methodology is validated through circuit simulations performed using coupler models derived from finite-element simulations. Simulation results for a 1.5 k W system design are included, which indicate near perfect correction of imbalance in the secondary currents for a typical misalignment case.
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399,443 |
Please write an abstract with title: Fast and Robust Iterative Closest Point, and key words: Convergence, Acceleration, Three-dimensional displays, Measurement, Optimization, Robustness, Iterative closest point algorithm. Abstract: The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm and its variants are a fundamental technique for rigid registration between two point sets, with wide applications in different areas from robotics to 3D reconstruction. The main drawbacks for ICP are its slow convergence, as well as its sensitivity to outliers, missing data, and partial overlaps. Recent work such as Sparse ICP achieves robustness via sparsity optimization at the cost of computational speed. In this paper, we propose a new method for robust registration with fast convergence. First, we show that the classical point-to-point ICP can be treated as a majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm, and propose an Anderson acceleration approach to speed up its convergence. In addition, we introduce a robust error metric based on the Welsch’s function, which is minimized efficiently using the MM algorithm with Anderson acceleration. On challenging datasets with noises and partial overlaps, we achieve similar or better accuracy than Sparse ICP while being at least an order of magnitude faster. Finally, we extend the robust formulation to point-to-plane ICP, and solve the resulting problem using a similar Anderson-accelerated MM strategy. Our robust ICP methods improve the registration accuracy on benchmark datasets while being competitive in computational time.
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Please write an abstract with title: A viewpoint independent modeling approach to object recognition, and key words: Object recognition, Topology, Space technology, Dictionaries, Labeling, Robot sensing systems, Robot vision systems, Machine vision, Laser modes, Laser theory. Abstract: A robotic vision system is being developed which uses three-dimensional laser range data to sense its environment. The recognition subsystem incorporates topological as well as geometric information to identify viewed objects. Theorem-proving techniques are used to produce symbolic pattern matches. The major contributions of the recognition subsystem are 1) the use of viewpoint independent descriptors as the basis for representing known object models and 2) the use of theorem proving techniques to hypothesize object identities and recognize the viewed object as an instance of the appropriate viewpoint independent model descriptor. The representation scheme permits describing objects at a variety of topological and geometric levels. Furthermore, the use of viewpoint independent descriptors facilitates object recognition from a single arbitrary view despite missing information or the inclusion of viewpoint dependent artifacts. The theorem-proving approach establishes a symbolic correspondence between viewpoint independent features in the (recognized) model and features in the observed data. The recognition process uses a three-phase approach. First, hypotheses are generated which correspond to model descriptors that are likely to match the data. Evidence is applied to viable hypotheses to produce a partial match. The partial match is then used to constrain the full recognition process which leads to object identification. This strategy has been found to constrain strongly the search space of possible matches and leads to large reductions in recognition times. Results of the recognition process on synthetic and actual laser range data are presented for several objects. The system is shown to operate with robustness and alacrity.
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Please write an abstract with title: A brief review of methods for improving the performance of virtual synchronous generators under unbalnced conditions, and key words: Performance evaluation, Electrical engineering, Voltage fluctuations, Fluctuations, Power system stability, Frequency conversion, Attenuation. Abstract: In recent decades, due to the increasing use of distributed generation resources via power electronic devices which lack sufficient inertia, the entire network inertia decreases and this results in worsening the stability condition. Hence, the concept of virtual synchronous generators has been widely welcomed as a solution to mimic the performance of real synchronous generators providing inertia. Inertial injection can reduce sudden frequency changes and increase network stability. However, conventional virtual synchronous generators perform poorly under unbalanced conditions. In other words, they hold no effective algorithm for imbalance compensation. This paper reviews the strategies for improving the performance of virtual synchronous generators under unbalanced conditions.
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399,446 |
Please write an abstract with title: Multilayered Defense-in-Depth Architecture for Cryptocurrency Wallet, and key words: Performance evaluation, Smart cards, Computer architecture, Blockchain, Hardware, Software, Cryptography. Abstract: A significant challenge in blockchain and cryptocurrencies is protecting private keys from potential hackers because nobody can rollback a transaction made with a stolen key once the blockchain network confirms the transaction. The technical solution to protect private keys is cryptocurrency wallets, a piece of software, hardware, or a combination of them to manage the keys. In this paper, we propose a multilayered architecture for cryptocurrency wallets based on a Defense-in-Depth strategy to protect private keys with a balance between convenience and security. The user protects the private keys in three restricted layers with different protection mechanisms. So, a single breach cannot threaten the entire fund, and it saves time for the user to respond. We implement a proof-of-concept of our proposed architecture on both a smart card hardware wallet and an Android smartphone wallet with no performance penalty. Furthermore, we analyze the security of our proposed architecture with two adversary models.
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399,447 |
Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Coverage and Localization in WLAN APs With Switched Directional Antennas, and key words: Location awareness, Antenna measurements, Wireless LAN, Switches, Directional antennas, Omnidirectional antennas, Directive antennas. Abstract: In addition to high coverage and capacity, localization capabilities are becoming increasingly important for WLAN access points as enabler for additional services. In this paper the joint optimization of coverage and localization is investigated using a switched directional antenna array configuration. It is shown that switched directional antenna arrays can significantly outperform omni-directional antenna arrays in both coverage and angle estimation. In addition, it is shown that optimizing the antenna array for coverage also provides near-optimal localization performance. This is of great practical importance, as coverage optimization does not require manual calibration based on ground truth, and a good joint solution can be autoconfigured easily.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Firmware Data Acquisition System Based on Scrapy Framework, and key words: Crawlers, Microprogramming, Engines, Internet, Computer architecture, Containers, Data acquisition. Abstract: In recent years, the scale of Internet data grows exponentially with the development of Internet technology. Such huge amount of Internet data is valuable. Web crawler is one of the most popular technology, which is often used to obtain these data. Scrapy is a popular framework of web crawler which is widely used in various Internet information collection systems. This paper optimizes the framework of Scrapy, designs a firmware data acquisition system based on the framework of Scrapy based on the technologies of distributed, anti-crawler, ELK and automatic construction, and crawls the firmware information of various manufacturers on the Internet. The experimental results show that after employing the distributed and prevent anti-crawler technology, the number of target acquisition increases by 10%, and the time is shortened by 70%. The large-scale logs analysis using ELK solves the problem that the log number is too large for analysis, and the crawler can be automatically constructed and crawls through the code automatic construction technology. This method is efficient for the optimization of firmware crawler.
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Please write an abstract with title: Access control on the Web using proof-carrying authorization, and key words: Access control, Authorization. Abstract: We describe a system for access control on the Web that is based on the ideas of proof-carrying authorization (PCA). Our system is implemented as modules that extend a standard Web server and Web browser to use PCA to control access to Web pages. The Web browser generates proofs mechanically by iteratively fetching proof components until a proof can be constructed. We provide for iterative authorization, by which a server can require a browser to prove a series of challenges. Our implementation includes a series of optimizations, such as speculative proving, and modularizing and caching proofs, and demonstrates that the goals of generality, flexibility, and interoperability are compatible with reasonable performance.
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Accelerated Monostatic Radar Cross Section Computations by Using Block and Projection Iterative Methods, and key words: Method of moments, Integral equations, Mathematical model, Linear systems, Surface treatment, Surface impedance, Search problems. Abstract: Accurate numerical solutions of scattering phenomena can be achieved by method of moments (MoM) solutions of integral equations. For the evaluation of the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of an object, the same system of equations has to be solved many times for different excitation fields incident from many directions. Especially for electrically large bodies involving many millions of unknowns, this becomes computationally demanding. In this work, we study and compare the performance of block and projection iterative methods for MoM solutions of surface integral equations related to perfect electrically conducting objects. Both methods are capable of reducing the overall number of matrix-vector products in the considered iterative solution process.
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399,451 |
Please write an abstract with title: Prototyping an Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Medical Things Networks, and key words: Computational modeling, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Operating systems, Prototypes, Intrusion detection, Systems architecture, Internet of Medical Things. Abstract: Over the past few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the healthcare sector through the introduction of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology, whose purpose is the improvement of the patient's quality of life. Nevertheless, IoMT networks are still vulnerable to a wide range of threats because of their heterogeneity and resource-constrained characteristics. Thus, novel security mechanisms, such as accurate and efficient anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (AIDSs), taking into consideration the inherent limitations of the IoMT networks, are required to be developed before IoMT networks reach their full potential in the market. In our previous work, we presented the system architecture for a novel hybrid AIDS for IoMT networks. In this paper, we expand it by presenting details of the implementation process that led to a prototype of the proposed AIDS. Our target is this work to serve as a guidance for other researchers or engineers to develop their own specific implementations of AIDSs for IoMT networks.
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399,452 |
Please write an abstract with title: Thrust force analysis of a vertically reciprocate cylindrical linear induction motor, and key words: Induction motors, Coupling circuits, Motion analysis, Transient analysis, Voltage, Electromagnetic coupling, Electromagnetic fields, Electromagnetic analysis, Electromagnetic transients, Nonlinear equations. Abstract: A method coupling the electromagnetic field with the circuit and the motion, which is used to calculate and analyze the transient thrust forces of a vertically reciprocate cylindrical linear induction motor, is given in the paper. The trust forces can be directly calculated by the Coulomb virtual work form the coupled equations excited by a 3-phase AC voltage sources. In the analysis, the lengthways end effects, relative motion between the primary and the secondary, and ferromagnetic material nonlinearities are all accounted at different initial voltage valves.
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Please write an abstract with title: WiderCast: Enabling Wider Bandwidth for Wireless Multicast Over IEEE 802.11ac WLANs, and key words: Bandwidth, Wireless communication, Bonding, Indexes, Throughput, OFDM, Streaming media. Abstract: A wide bandwidth through the channel bonding of IEEE 802.11ac significantly increases the capacity of wireless transmissions. However, multicast traffic is simply transmitted using a narrow 20 MHz bandwidth because the access point (AP) is agnostic to the supportable bandwidth information of clients in a multicast group. This paper proposes WiderCast which enables channel bonding for multicast in IEEE 802.11ac WLANs. In WiderCast, the AP scales the bandwidth for multicast transmissions according to the supportable bandwidths of multicast clients. To enable bandwidth negotiation between the AP and clients without high control overhead, WiderCast employs a novel bandwidth signaling scheme, in which multicast clients can simultaneously deliver their supportable bandwidth information to the AP without collision. We verified the feasibility of WiderCast with a prototype on software-defined radio. We also conducted an extensive simulation study demonstrating that WiderCast achieves higher throughput and improved video quality than traditional wireless multicast. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to take into account channel bonding for wireless multicast in WLANs.
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Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Intelligent Platform for Small Autonomous Vehicles, and key words: Visualization, Navigation, Prototypes, Process control, Reconnaissance, Control systems, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Intelligent small autonomous vehicle architectures are currently a priority area for the use of modern technologies and systems in both civilian and military fields. The aim of this paper is to design a complex advanced methodology and platform for the development of a prototype of an autonomous vehicle system (small UGV) using nested sensing, control and monitoring elements of systems for reconnaissance, servicing and selected combat activities. This paper presents a novel complex methodology for design of an advanced complex platform for small autonomous vehicle based on robust and intelligent SW and HW sensors, communication, visualization and control based on embedded computing. Algorithms for self-tuning control and navigation in uncertain complex processes are proposed. Several types of intelligent control and strategy are analyzed and compared. Simulation and practical experiments results are provided to illustrate high performance in the practical platform design of small autonomous vehicles. The obtained practical results are reviewed and potential shortcomings of the analyzed methods are discussed.
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Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of first swing stability limit by utilizing full benefit of shunt FACTS devices, and key words: Power system stability, Flexible AC transmission systems, Control systems, Static VAr compensators, Damping, Power system transients, Acceleration, Stability criteria, Automatic voltage control, Power electronics. Abstract: This paper proposes a new control strategy of shunt flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices to improve the first swing stability limit of a simple power system. It is shown that the speed based bang-bang control (BBC) is unable to use the entire decelerating area in maintaining stability. The proposed control strategy improves the stability limit first by maximizing the decelerating area and then fully utilizing it in counterbalancing the accelerating area. This requires to continue the operation of shunt FACTS devices at full capacitive rating until the machine speed reaches a reasonable negative value during the first return journey. Afterwards, the control can be switched to continuous type to improve system damping in subsequent swings. The proposed control strategy is then applied to both static var compensator and static synchronous compensators placed in a single machine infinite bus system. The same control strategy is also used for some faults in a multimachine system. In both the systems, it is found that the proposed control can provide significantly higher stability limit than that of the BBC. The mechanism of improving the stability limit is also described.
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Please write an abstract with title: DEVS-scripting: A Black-Box Test Frame for Devs Models, and key words: Transducers, Semantics, Switches, Throughput, Synchronization, Programming profession, Testing. Abstract: Experimental frames have been used in DEVS-based simulations to drive scenarios through injecting inputs and interpreting outputs. This design has traditionally called for separate models with distinct roles: generator, acceptor, and transducer. In certain controlled experiments such as model testing, sequential programming offers a simpler design with many benefits, specifically: code reduction, test case development throughput, and diagnostics for failed tests. This research offers a test framework that is derived from atomic DEVS and facilitates testing through scripting. The challenge for this research is to prove DEVS semantics are maintained when the experimental frame is tightly controlled by a script. Our solution uses a separate thread for this script and synchronizes program execution switching with a nest lock. Synchronization is key in showing that this design maintains DEVS semantics by nesting script code within the state transition functions of DEVS modeling components.
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Please write an abstract with title: Innovative Saliency based Deep Driving Scene Understanding System for Automatic Safety Assessment in Next-Generation Cars, and key words: Pipelines, Convolution, Biomedical monitoring, Automobiles, Monitoring, Vehicles, Heart rate variability. Abstract: Visual saliency is the human attention mechanism that encodes such visio-sensing information to extract features from the observation scene. In the last few years, visual saliency estimation has received significant research interests in the automotive field. While driving the vehicle, the car driver focuses on specific objects rather than others by deterministic brain-driven saliency mechanisms inherent perceptual activity. In this study, we propose an intelligent system that combines a driver's drowsiness detector with a saliency-based scene understanding pipeline. Specifically, we implemented ad-hoc 3D pre-trained Semantic Segmentation Deep Network to process the frames captured by automotive-grade camera device placed outside the car. We used an embedded platform based on the STA1295 core (ARM A7 Dual-Cores) with a hardware accelerator for hosting the proposed pipeline. Besides, we monitor the car driver's drowsiness by using an innovative bio-sensor installed on the steering wheel, to collect the PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) signal. Ad-hoc 1D Temporal Deep Convolutional Network has been designed to classify the collected PPG time-series in order to assess the driver's attention level. Finally, we compare the detected car driver's attention level with corresponding saliency-based scene classification in order to assess the overall safety level. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed pipeline.
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Please write an abstract with title: P15026-4/DIS, Feb 2020 - ISO/IEC/IEEE Draft International Standard - Systems and software engineering--Systems and software assurance -- Part 4: Assurance in the life cycle, and key words: IEEE Standards, Software engineering, Systems engineering and theory, Product life cycle management, IEC Standards, ISO Standards. Abstract: This document provides guidance and recommendations for assurance of a selected claim about the system-of-interest by achieving the claim and showing the achievement. The guidance and recommendations are given in a System Assurance process view on top of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 and a Software Assurance process view on top of ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207.
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399,459 |
Please write an abstract with title: Planetary delay-Doppler radar and the long-code method, and key words: Radar imaging, Astronomy, Data analysis, Calibration, Propagation delay, Radar polarimetry, Pulse compression methods, Radar antennas, Telescopes, Image resolution. Abstract: Delay-Doppler mapping continues to be the most widely used imaging technique in radar astronomy. Various methods have been devised to partition echoes in delay-Doppler space for different degrees of echo dispersion (as quantified by the overspreading factor F). These include the standard interpulse/intercode methods for underspread (F < 1) or slightly overspread (F > 1) echoes, intrapulse methods for grossly overspread echoes, and the long-code method for the intermediate case of moderate overspreading. Here the standard and long-code methods are compared, treating various aspects of experiment design, data analysis, and calibration. Previous and future applications of the long-code method are also reviewed.
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Please write an abstract with title: Neural Network-Based Classification of Current Sensor Failures in Fault-Tolerant Control Induction Motor Drive, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Systems operation, Software algorithms, Fault tolerant systems, Training data, Artificial neural networks, Stators. Abstract: Modern drive systems with induction motors (IM) currently use fault-tolerant control (FTC) solutions which increase reliability and safety. Implementation of such systems requires the use of hardware or software redundancy. Due to the much lower cost of algorithmic solutions, they are used in industrial systems. Moreover, it is necessary to use an algorithm that allows for the detection and localization of faults. That makes it possible to isolate the damaged component and replace its signal with the estimated value. However, to make the fault compensation as good as possible, the damage should be classified. Only then is the control structure able to choose the best solution. Because in the vector control algorithm of the IM drive the most important variables are the stator currents, the article focuses on the classifier of current sensor (CS) faults. To fully automate the classification process, shallow neural networks (NN) are used. Thanks to the early detection and isolation of the faulty CS the influence of the malfunctioning control structure does not affect the NN, which can precisely classify the type of damage, based only on the measured and estimated stator currents.
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of real time dynamic Sensor Web measurement techniques to maximize Aura/TES useful science return, and key words: Measurement techniques, Intelligent sensors, Clouds, MODIS, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Atmospheric modeling, Extraterrestrial measurements, Collaborative software, Spectroscopy, Instruments. Abstract: The Sensor Web characterizes a future observing system concept that has the potential to significantly increase useful science data return. It accomplishes this by intelligently and dynamically reconfiguring the measurement and information processing states of its constituent sensor, computing, and storage nodes. To explore the potential benefits of Sensor Web observing strategies for the Earth science community, the Goddard Space Flight Center is developing software to demonstrate the value of real-time, collaborative, "intelligent data collection" between two formation flying spacecraft that comprise NASA's EOS ''A-Train" constellation: Aqua and Aura. After its planned Summer 2004 launch, Aura, with its Troposphere Emission Spectrometer (TES), is to be inserted into the constellation's orbital plane and "follow" 15 minutes behind Aqua with its Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. MODIS is a nadir pointing multispectral imager, it is always "ON", and its 36 bands can be used to detect clouds. TES is a high-resolution infrared-imaging Fourier transform spectrometer designed primarily to study ozone in the lower atmosphere. Providing spectral coverage in the mid- to thermal IR bands, it is undesirable for TES to make measurements within cloud obscured fields of view. Of particular significance, TES is a pointable instrument: it can be commanded to image any target within 45deg of the local vertical. In this paper, we describe a high performance prototype software system to acquire and process direct readout MODIS data to a Level 2 cloud mask product in real time. Using a predefined list of desired targets, in conjunction with the real time MODIS cloud mask information, the software generates simulated commands and "point" TES to only those targets that are cloud free to demonstrate the value of intelligent data collection measurement techniques. To further refine where within the cloud free regions TES should point, we are also assessing the potential use of atmospheric chemistry models whose outputs may provide an additional set of criteria for high science value target selection. Similar "event-driven" and "model-driven" adaptive observation strategies and dynamic measurement techniques may be applied to future sensor Web Earth- and space-science missions
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Please write an abstract with title: DAISS: Design of an Attacker Identification Scheme in CoAP Request/Response Spoofing, and key words: Wireless communication, Machine-to-machine communications, Protocols, Web services, Energy efficiency, Time factors, Security. Abstract: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), an IETF-standardized web transfer protocol, is specially designed to facilitate resource-constrained devices and low power, lossy networks. The steep rise in extensive deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, of late, makes it necessary for web services to be used over the internet by constrained wireless nodes for a majority of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications. However, considering that the system is constrained, ensuring security is a challenge when employing CoAP since it uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is unrealiable and lacks handshaking mechanism. A malicious endpoint with read and write access can severly jeopardize service availability by launching an IP address spoofed attack. Moreover, it can help mount other complex Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks like amplification attacks. Though response spoofing vulnerability has been addressed in the research community for quite some time now, request spoofing countermeasures are relatively few. In this paper, we propose an attacker identification scheme using a Discrete Event System (DES) based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Through our scheme, we not only detect request and response spoofing attack in CoAP, but also identify the adversarial node by analysing the LoWPAN event dynamics generated due to probe responses. Correctness of our approach is guaranteed by construction of a DES diagnoser. We have tested our approach on Contiki OS. The experimental results show our proposed scheme to be energy efficient with response time of approx 6 sec at 99.2% accuracy.
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Please write an abstract with title: Vehicle Precise Positioning Based on Integrated Navigation System in Vehicle Networking, and key words: Accelerometers, Satellites, Measurement units, Simulation, Roads, Inertial navigation, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: With the rapid development of networking of vehicles, vehicle positioning problem gets more and more attention. GPS (Global Positioning System) and SINS (strapdown inertial navigation system) are the two technologies in the field of vehicle location. Although the GPS has a relatively high positioning accuracy, it can not get the positioning where satellites are blocked, which requires auxiliary of the other positioning means, to achieve AGPS (Assited Global Positioning System) positioning. SINS can get the vehicle driving parameters by IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) in the case of no GPS signal and then make use of kinematics law to realize self-positioning. But due to error having a time cumulative, and the external device in the installation process, there is mounting error, and thus can not achieve a higher accuracy location. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Dead reckoning system based on inertial devices to realize the autonomous positioning of the vehicle. The acceleration sensor is used to measure the acceleration of the carrier, and the gyro sensor is used to measure the yaw angle of the vehicle. DR algorithm is used to calculate the approximate position of the vehicle, and the error factor of GPS acquisition is used to correct the vehicle trajectory. In this paper, through the simulation analysis, it is verified that the real-time correction eliminates the error, effectively improves the positioning accuracy, and meets the positioning and navigation requirements of the blind area of GPS signal.
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Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Gate to Drain Underlap on Negative Differencial Resistance in Ferroelectric FET, and key words: Resistance, Conferences, Logic gates, Silicon, FeFETs, Substrates, Nanoelectronics. Abstract: The negative differential resistance in ferroelectric FET was investigated through TCAD device simulation. The gate to drain underlap forms depletion effectively during drain sweep, negative differential resistance is observed remarkably in the large gate to drain underlap.
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Please write an abstract with title: Peripheral Circuitry Assisted Mapping Framework for Resistive Logic-In-Memory Computing, and key words: Measurement, Costs, Design automation, Simulation, Logic circuits, Neural networks, Memory management. Abstract: In-memory computing has been applied in different fields due to its superior speed and energy efficiency. Among a variety of memory technologies that have been explored, resistive memory has widely been adopted for various purposes, including Processing-In-Memory (PIM) for neural networks and Logic-In-Memory (LIM) for general logic operations. PIM has intensively been studied in recent years, while the progress in developing LIM computing falls behind. LIM computing is usually implemented based on MAGIC operations, which require inputs to be aligned regularly along rows or columns in a memory crossbar. As the intermediate data generated during the logic execution are normally scattered across the memory crossbar, alignment operations are inserted to align the data, which often costs numerous cycles and dominates the overall latency. In current MAGIC-based designs, alignment operations induce a significant overhead in either area or latency. Therefore, the Area-Latency-Product (ALP), known as a key metric for circuit performance, still has significant optimization potential in LIM computing. In this work, we leverage peripheral circuitry to conduct alignment operations and propose a novel mapping framework to optimize the latency and area costs. Intermediate data are read out, processed in peripheral circuits, then in parallel written back into target cells of the memory crossbar. The approach eliminates the use of redundant memory cells, leading to area reduction. Moreover, it enables simultaneous alignments of multiple intermediate data, which can decrease the overall latency significantly. Based on simulation results, our proposed mapping framework can achieve around 93% ALP reductions on average compared with prior designs with merely 2.13% total area overhead.
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Please write an abstract with title: Hollow Core Fibers: Key Properties, Technology Status and Telecommunication Opportunities, and key words: Optical fiber losses, Measurement, Throughput, Propagation losses, Optical fiber communication, Communications technology, Telecommunications. Abstract: Francesco Poletti, Marco Petrovich, Yong Chen, Greg Jasion, Eric Numkam Fokoua, Natalie Wheeler, Tom Bradley, Hesham Sakr, John Hayes, Ian Davidson
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Please write an abstract with title: Comprehensive Design-oriented FDSOI EKV Model, and key words: Geometry, Silicon-on-insulator, Predictive models, Threshold voltage, Nanoscale devices, Integrated circuit modeling, Transconductance. Abstract: The work presents the comprehensive design-oriented EKV model for FDSOI technologies, including the back-gate effects and geometry dependence. Despite its simplicity, the model correctly captures not only the dependence of the threshold voltage versus the back-gate voltage, but also the changes in the slope factor and low-field mobility. This results in a normalized transconductance efficiency that becomes independent of the back-gate voltage over a wide range. The model is validated thanks to the use of the Python-based automated parameter extraction tool on a 22 nm FDSOI technology.
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399,468 |
Please write an abstract with title: Type Synthesis of 2T1R Planar Parallel Mechanisms and Their Moduling Development Applications, and key words: Fasteners, Force, Robots, Manipulators, Torque, Service robots, Parallel robots. Abstract: The two translational degrees-of-freedom (DOF) and one rotational DOF (2T1R) planar parallel mechanisms (PMs) have the characteristics of simple structures, simple kinematic and dynamic models, and ease of control and allow for a variety of application prospects. This paper concentrates on the derivations of the 5-DOF hybrid manipulators based on the synthesized mechanisms. To understand the effect of the constraint on the motion of a rigid body clearly, the method of reciprocal product between the wrench screw (constraint) and the twist screw (motion) is used and the relationships between the constraint and the motion of a rigid body are analyzed as well. The results are extended to the relationships between the limb constraint and the axes of limb joints. Then, limbs are divided into planar motion and spatial motion limbs in view of their motion characteristics, and some common limbs with constraint are listed. After that, based on the type synthesis method, a class of 2T1R planar PMs with common limbs is carried out. Meanwhile, some typical planar closed chains with two same limbs are obtained in the process of type synthesis. Finally, a 2T1R kinematically redundancy planar PM and two 2R1T spatial PMs are derived by making simple changes to the obtained mechanisms, and detailed derivations of three 5-DOF hybrid manipulators with the ability of processing spatial complex surface are given. Proved by the test parts, the accomplishment of deriving novel robot configurations with regard to expectant motion are quite valuable and practical.
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399,469 |
Please write an abstract with title: An information fusion framework for robust shape tracking, and key words: Shape measurement, Noise robustness, Subspace constraints, Motion estimation, Adaptation model, Noise shaping, Noise measurement, Motion measurement, Measurement uncertainty, Training data. Abstract: Existing methods for incorporating subspace model constraints in shape tracking use only partial information from the measurements and model distribution. We propose a unified framework for robust shape tracking, optimally fusing heteroscedastic uncertainties or noise from measurement, system dynamics, and a subspace model. The resulting nonorthogonal subspace projection and fusion are natural extensions of the traditional model constraint using orthogonal projection. We present two motion measurement algorithms and introduce alternative solutions for measurement uncertainty estimation. We build shape models offline from training data and exploit information from the ground truth initialization online through a strong model adaptation. Our framework is applied for tracking in echocardiograms where the motion estimation errors are heteroscedastic in nature, each heart has a distinct shape, and the relative motions of epicardial and endocardial borders reveal crucial diagnostic features. The proposed method significantly outperforms the existing shape-space-constrained tracking algorithm. Due to the complete treatment of heteroscedastic uncertainties, the strong model adaptation, and the coupled tracking of double-contours, robust performance is observed even on the most challenging cases.
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Please write an abstract with title: The optimal sequence for reset controllers, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Lead, Frequency control, Tools, Industries, Sensitivity, Bandwidth. Abstract: PID controllers cannot satisfy the high-performance requirements since they are restricted by the water-bed effect. Thus, the need for a better alternative to linear PID controllers increases due to the rising demands of the high-tech industry. This has led many researchers to explore nonlinear controllers like reset control. Although reset controllers have been widely used to overcome the limitations of linear controllers in literature, the performance of the system varies depending on the relative sequence of controller linear and nonlinear parts. In this paper, the optimal sequence is found using high order sinusoidal input describing functions (HOSIDF). By arranging controller parts according to this strategy, better performance in the sense of precision and control input is achieved. The performance of the proposed sequence is validated on a precision positioning setup. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimal sequence found in theory outperforms other sequences.
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399,471 |
Please write an abstract with title: Technical Analysis and Tactical Application of Fire Fighting in Petrochemical Industry, and key words: Fires, Petrochemicals, Explosions, Combustion, Valves, Pipelines, Raw materials. Abstract: There are many types of fires in petrochemical plants, which are destructive and difficult to rescue.According to the current situation of difficult fire fighting in petrochemical industry, this paper analyzes the fire characteristics of petrochemical equipment, expounds the fighting technology from many aspects such as closing the valve and cutting off materials, cooling and suppressing explosion, blocking and spreading, and puts forward a series of tactical application of petrochemical fire rescue, aiming at providing certain theoretical basis for fire rescue workers.
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399,472 |
Please write an abstract with title: Parameter Estimation and Inconsistency Analysis of Lithium Ion Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles, and key words: Electric vehicles, Lithium-ion battery, Electrical equivalent lithium cell model, Cell inconsistency, State of charge. Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained increasing relevance as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient alternative to traditional liquid or gas fuel vehicles. Lithium-ion battery packs are the primary source of power for EVs. To effectively estimate battery performance and comprehend the electrochemical behaviour of the cell, cell modelling is essential. It aids in boosting the battery’s efficiency and design optimisation. This research work involves the cell modelling and parameter estimation of the lithium-ion battery using MATLAB, with input data obtained from pulse discharge tests. To address the energy and power needs of EVs, several lithium-ion cells are connected in series and parallel configurations. A high fidelity electrical model of a lithium-ion battery pack that incorporates thermal dependence is developed as a part of this study following cell modeling, and the same is utilized for conducting the investigations outlined in this paper. Battery cells in a pack are not identical due to various reasons, leading to non-uniform current, voltage, temperature, and cell characteristics, which can cause faster aging to the pack. The impact of cell-to-cell variations in internal resistance, state of charge (SOC), and capacity on the performance of a lithium-ion battery pack for EV applications are also analysed in this work.
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399,473 |
Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Defect Location in Industrial Machines using Strain Gauge Analysis, and key words: Condition monitoring, Time-frequency analysis, Heuristic algorithms, Force, Strain measurement, Numerical simulation, Mathematical models. Abstract: The paper studies the application of strain gauge analysis for locating defects in industrial machines. Various diagnostics and defect detection methods for condition monitoring have advantages and disadvantages. This study analyzes a method for defect locating using strain gauge analysis. The method uses information about dynamic forces in each support of a machine, i.e. amplitude and phase of reactions. These values can be achieved by real time measurement and spectrum analysis with the help of strain gauge sensors installed on supports or a frame. The paper presents the concept of the method, a mathematical model for obtaining relations between defect coordinates and amplitude with the phase of dynamic forces, a numerical simulation and an method application algorithm. The developed method gives a new tool for condition monitoring, defect locating and identification.
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399,474 |
Please write an abstract with title: Ray-Optical Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering in Waveguides, and key words: Electromagnetic waveguides, Electromagnetic analysis, Electromagnetic scattering, Optical waveguides, Tellurium, Planar waveguides, Optical scattering, Reflection, Waveguide discontinuities, Diffraction. Abstract: The ray-optical method presented previously for the analysis of scalarizable waveguide discontinuity problems is extended to vector scattering problems wherein an incident TE or TM mode excites both mode types. The procedure is illustrated first for reflection of an obliquely incident mode from the open end of a parallel plane waveguide, and is then applied to reflection from an open-ended circular waveguide. Formulas for modal reflection and coupling coefficients are given to various degrees of approximation, depending on whether or not multiple interaction phenomena are considered in addition to the simplest primary diffraction effects. Comparison with data computed from exact solutions for the circular waveguide problem shows that the ray-optical method is remarkably accurate not only in the strongly overmoded but also the dominant mode regimes.
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Please write an abstract with title: GNSS Spoofer Localization for Vehicles Based on Doppler and Clock Drift Double Difference, and key words: Global navigation satellite system, Location awareness, Receivers, Doppler effect, Clocks, Synchronization, Doppler measurement. Abstract: With the development of vehicle navigation, autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), increasing spoofing attacks of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have emerged towards vehicles, which can mislead users by false position, velocity and time (PVT) solutions, resulting in serious consequences. Spoofer localization is a necessary step to fundamentally address the spoofing attacks. Most of the conventional spoofer localization methods are based on time of arrival (TOA) or time difference of arrival (TDOA), where time synchronization is indispensable and therefore is hard to apply to the existing vehicles equipped with independent commercial receivers. To cope with this problem, in this paper we develop a flexible method for vehicles to locate a stationary spoofer based on Doppler and clock drift double difference (DCDD). DCDD is calculated using Doppler measurements and clock drift solutions of one vehicular receiver and another reference receiver. Generally, Doppler frequency of GNSS signals changes slowly with time, which releases the restriction for high-precision time synchronization. DCDD represents the Doppler frequency caused by the vehicle motion, from which the spoofer position can be estimated. Utilizing DCDD, an iterative weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm is used to solve the spoofer position, and a closed-form initial value is given to improve the convergence rate. We evaluate the localization performance by the derived Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) in the presence of vehicle position and velocity errors. Simulations and field vehicle experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and effective of the proposed method.
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399,476 |
Please write an abstract with title: Model Based Optimization of Propulsion Inverter for More-Electric Aircraft Applications Using Double Fourier Integral Analysis, and key words: Analytical models, Atmospheric modeling, Modulation, Inverters, Aircraft, Optimization, Power harmonic filters. Abstract: More-electric aircraft (MEA) concept is getting popular as it increases system efficiency with less costs. The concept leads to numerous challenges including power density and volume. This paper presents a novel application of model based optimization (MBO) on 3L-TNPC inverter to determine the optimal semi-conductor selection, modulation strategy, and passive components. The algorithm extensively relies on double fourier integral analysis (DFIA) for selection of the modulation strategy and filter design. The algorithm helps optimize the design of a 450 kVA three-phase full SiC-MOSFET based inverter with peak efficiency of 99.47%. And the estimated converter efficiency at full-load is 99.10%. The algorithm developed is scalable and can be extended for future high-performance inverter design applications.
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399,477 |
Please write an abstract with title: Phase-Amplitude Least-Squares Reverse Time Migration With a Simultaneous-Source Based on Sparsity Promotion in the Time-Frequency Domain, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Crosstalk, Transforms, Imaging, Computational modeling, Numerical models, Data models. Abstract: Least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) aims to produce a high-quality migration image of complex geological structures. However, the weaker deep seismic reflections are often masked by the overlying strata in migration images. Therefore, it is difficult for the LSRTM to image the deeper structures. This letter proposes a phase-amplitude LSRTM (PA-LSRTM) in the time-frequency domain to improve the migration image of deep seismic reflections and subsalt structures. The PA-LSRTM is formulated as an inverse problem that minimizes the time-frequency phase-amplitude difference between the predicted and observed data. The seismic data was initially transformed into the time-frequency domain to establish a PA-LSRTM misfit. An amplitude factor was then introduced in the time-frequency misfit to weaken the weights of amplitude components. In this case, it emphasized the similarity of phase components. Furthermore, the sparsity promotion method was combined with a simultaneous source technique to increase the computational efficiency and reduce the crosstalk noise. The PA-LSRTM with sparsity promotion (SPA-LSRTM) misfit can finally be solved using a Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA). The numerical and marine field data tests demonstrate that the SPA-LSRTM can effectively produce a high-resolution image of deep structures.
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399,478 |
Please write an abstract with title: Boosting Video Object Segmentation Based on Scale Inconsistency, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Uncertainty, Computational modeling, Measurement uncertainty, Estimation, Object segmentation. Abstract: We present a refinement framework to boost the performance of pre-trained semi-supervised video object segmentation (VOS) models. Our work is based on scale inconsistency, which is motivated by the observation that existing VOS models generate inconsistent predictions from input frames with different sizes. We use the scale inconsistency as a clue to devise a pixel-level attention module that aggregates the advantages of the predictions from different-size inputs. The scale inconsistency is also used to regularize the training based on a pixel-level variance measured by an uncertainty estimation. We further present a self-supervised online adaptation, tailored for test-time optimization, that bootstraps the predictions without ground-truth masks based on the scale inconsistency. Experiments on DAVIS 16 and DAVIS 17 datasets show that our framework can be generically applied to various VOS models and improve their performance.
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399,479 |
Please write an abstract with title: Self field measurements by Hall sensors on the SeCRETS long sample CICCs in SULTAN, and key words: Conductors, Sensor arrays, Copper, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic sensors, Current distribution, Power cables, Testing, Performance evaluation, Magnetic fields. Abstract: The aim of this work is to determine the existence and degree of the current unbalance of two types of cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) of the SeCRETS long sample experiment, and its influence on the conductors' performance. The self-field measurements are performed by using six sets of annular Hall sensors, each containing six sensors, and two linear arrays with ten sensors. The change of the self-field is associated with the redistribution of the transport current between the strands inside the conductor during and after a ramp of current, due to changes of the applied magnetic field or temperature of the conductor. During the DC, AC losses and stability tests, the signals from the Hall sensors were recorded. In DC tests, a clear change of the self-field pattern is observed in the high field region when either current or temperature approached their critical (I/sub cs/ and T/sub cs/) values. No change in the self-field pattern is observed in the experiments with pulsed fields. The method requires improvements for a reasonable quantitative assessment of the current unbalance in the conductor.
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399,480 |
Please write an abstract with title: Asymmetric Modality Translation for Face Presentation Attack Detection, and key words: Faces, Lighting, Face recognition, Transforms, Training, Cameras, Task analysis. Abstract: Face presentation attack detection (PAD) is an essentialmeasure to protect face recognition systems from being spoofed by malicious users and has attracted great attention from both academia and industry. Although most of the existing methods can achieve desired performance to some extent, the generalization issue of face presentation attack detection under cross-domain settings (e.g., the setting of unseen attacks and varying illumination) remains to be solved. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on asymmetric modality translation for face presentation attack detection in bi-modality scenarios. Under the framework, we establish connections between two modality images of genuine faces. Specifically, a novel modality fusion scheme is presented that the image of one modality is translated to the other one through an asymmetric modality translator, then fused with its corresponding paired image. The fusion result is fed as the input to a discriminator for inference. The training of the translator is supervised by an asymmetric modality translation loss. Besides, an illumination normalization module based on Pattern of Local Gravitational Force (PLGF) representation is used to reduce the impact of illumination variation. We conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets, which validate that our method is effective in detecting various types of attacks and achieves state-of-the-art performance under different evaluation protocols.
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399,481 |
Please write an abstract with title: On the gate capacitance limits of nanoscale DG and FD SOI MOSFETs, and key words: MOSFETs, Semiconductor device modeling, Silicon on insulator technology, Partial differential equations, Quantum theory. Abstract: An analytical total gate capacitance C/sub G/ model for symmetric double-gate (DG) and fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD/SOI) MOSFETs of arbitrary Si film is developed and demonstrated. The model accounts for the effects of carrier-energy quantization and inversion-layer screening and is verified via self-consistent numerical solutions of the Poisson and Schro/spl uml/dinger equations. Results provide good physical insight regarding C/sub G/ degradation due to quantization and screening governed by device structure and/or transverse electric field for nanoscale DG and FD/SOI MOSFETs. Two limits of C/sub G/ at ON-state are then derived when the silicon film t/sub Si/ approaches zero and infinity. The effect of inversion-layer screening on C/sub G/, which is significant for ultrathin Si-film DG MOSFETs, is quantitatively defined for the first time. The insightful results show that the two-dimensional screening length for DG MOSFETs is independent of the doping density and much shorter than the bulk Debye length as a result of strong structural confinement.
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Please write an abstract with title: Trapped Charge Effect on Composite Lithium Niobate-Silicon Acoustoelectric Delay Lines, and key words: Silicon, Capacitors, Delay lines, Charge carrier density, Frequency control, Current measurement, Surface acoustic wave devices. Abstract: Acoustoelectric delay lines (AEDL) fabricated on a composite lithium niobate-silicon (LN-Si) platform could enable acoustoelectric (AE) nonreciprocity and gain provided that the material properties of the LN-Si heterostructure are properly selected. Among such properties are the carrier density and mobility in the Si substrate. However, the bulk Si properties are subject to substantial perturbation at the LN-Si interface as a result of interfacial trapped charges at dislocations and dangling bond sites. The metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitor inherently formed in such heterostructures, however, could allow for some level of control over the Si carrier distribution at the LN film interface. In this work, we demonstrate that the AE gain achieved by the momentum transfer from the carriers drifting in Si and the subsequent nonreciprocity could be fine-tuned and the efficiency of the device could be improved by utilizing the MIS capacitor. The device efficiency is found to be enhanced once the majority electron carriers in n-type Si are slightly depleted at the LN-Si interface resulting in ~1.5 times improvement in the AE gain at a lower bias current, increasing the efficiency by ~60%.
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399,483 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Interferometric W-BAND Radar for Large Structures Monitoring, and key words: Radar, Monitoring, Chirp, Radar remote sensing, Radar antennas, Poles and towers, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: Interferometric radars are widely used for static and dynamic displacement monitoring of large structures as bridges, culverts, wind turbine towers, chimneys, masonry towers, stays cables, buildings, and monuments. The most of these radars operates in Ku-band (17 GHz). Nevertheless, a higher operative frequency could allow to design smaller and lighter equipment. The aim of this paper is to verify if a commercial 77 GHz radar designed for automotive applications could be used as interferometric radar for static and dynamic monitoring of large structures. The preliminary results obtained in controlled conditions are very promising.
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399,484 |
Please write an abstract with title: Gravity and Film Stress Analysis for Mems Deformable Mirror with Electrostatic Piston Array, and key words: Pistons, Micromechanical devices, Voltage measurement, Finite element analysis, Mirrors, Electrostatics, Voltage control. Abstract: This paper reports gravity and film stress effects on the up and down motion of a MEMS deformable mirror, actuated electrostatically by an array of pistons. To keep the inter-electrode gap small for efficient electrostatic force actuation, the pistons are located close to the underside of the mirror and move independently as the mirror deforms. The mirror membrane is 8 mm in diameter, 2µm thick and made of single crystal silicon. With a horizontal orientation the relatively large weight of the pistons, fabricated into thick silicon substrate, deform the mirror. However, by placing the device vertically, a bidirectional motion and upward displacement of 0.2 µm with 30 V actuation was confirmed. The cause of unexpected small, localized downward displacement, was also investigated via finite element analysis.
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399,485 |
Please write an abstract with title: Single Wavelength Simultaneous Optical Intensity-Polarization-Phase Modulation for Multi-Dimensional Optical Transmission, and key words: Optical polarization, Optical modulation, Optical receivers, Optical fibers, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Frequency shift keying, Modulation. Abstract: We propose a novel multi-dimensional optical transmission system based on a direct detection system. In the proposed system, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), binary polarized intensity rotational frequency shift keying (PIRBFSK), and binary differential phase shift keying (DBPSK) signals modulated by optical intensity, polarization, and phase are simultaneously transmitted for optical multi-dimensional transmission. The signal transmission performance of the proposed modulation technique and the possible interference of each dimension modulation were numerically and experimentally analyzed. The performance of the proposed system was verified using the bit error rate (BER), eye diagram, and spectrum of the received multi-dimensional signal.
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399,486 |
Please write an abstract with title: Color Measurement Using Electronic Colorimeter, and key words: Coordinate measuring machines, Transducers, Forensics, Color, Metrology, Extraterrestrial measurements, Mathematical model. Abstract: A device is proposed for measuring color characteristics, which, using a measuring transducer, assigns to each radiation three signals proportional to color coordinates. Existing devices have many drawbacks, among them low speed, due to the use of inert elements, which makes it impossible to measure rapidly changing light fluxes. In this device, the authors tried to minimize the shortcomings. Also in this article, a mathematical model of the device is proposed. Attention is paid to the psychophysiological perception of color.
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399,487 |
Please write an abstract with title: An active in-line notch filter for reducing acoustic noise in drives, and key words: Active filters, Acoustic noise, Pulse width modulation, Manufacturing, Pulse width modulation inverters, Induction machines, Capacitors, Acoustic testing, Stators, Noise reduction. Abstract: Manufacturers of drives of have put in much effort in recent years to reduce the acoustic noise of their systems by improving the motors and by paying attention to the PWM schemes that are used. In this project inserting an active filter between the inverter and the induction machine reduces the acoustic noise, and in this way the acoustic behavior of an existing drive can be improved without needing to replace components or modifying the drive. An active notch filter is proposed that uses a switched capacitor. Tests results on a 3 kW drive show that the active notch filter works well and that it is possible to achieve a reduction of 15 dB in the line current and stator vibrations. This is a significant reduction and could reduce the radiated noise at a troublesome acoustic frequency substantially.
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399,488 |
Please write an abstract with title: MousePath: Enhancing PC Web Pages through Smartphone and Optical Mouse, and key words: Pervasive computing, Friction, Web pages, Prototypes, Optical receivers, Mice, Information management. Abstract: This paper proposes MousePath, a novel lightweight communication system between PC web pages and smartphones. MousePath works by putting the optical mouse on top of the smartphone's screen, then its transmission starts and is instantly finished without association and pairing friction. It encodes data into the movement of smartphone's display content and leverages the optical mouse of the computer to sense the movement for decoding the data. We prototype and evaluate the system with commercial computers and smartphones. A key benefit of MousePath is that it can be seamlessly integrated into web pages. Two representative web applications, i.e., sensor sharing and message sharing, have been developed to demonstrate MousePath's potential in enhancing PC web page functionalities.
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399,489 |
Please write an abstract with title: Coordinated demand response of rail transit load and energy storage system considering driving comfort, and key words: Rails, Batteries, Energy consumption, Load management, Acceleration, Rail transportation. Abstract: Electric trains typically travel across the railway networks in an inter-provincial, inter-city and intra-city manner. The electric train generally serves as a load/source in tractive/brake mode, through which power networks and railway networks are closely coupled and mutually influenced. Based on the operational mode of rail trains and the characteristics of their load power, this paper proposes a coordinated optimal decisionmaking method of demand response for controllable load of rail trains and energy storage systems. First, a coordinated approach of dynamically adjusting the load of the controllable rail train in considering the driving comfort and energy storage battery is designed. Secondly, under the time conditions that satisfy the train's operational diagram, the functional relationship between the train speed and the load power is presented. Based on this, in considering the constraints of the train's arrival time, driving speed, motor power, and driving comfort, the capacity of energy storage batteries and other constraints, an optimization model for demand response in managing the traction power supply system under a two-part price and time-of-use (TOU) price is proposed. The objective is to minimize the energy consumption costs of rail transit trains, and optimize the speed trajectory of rail trains, the load power of traction system, and the output of energy storage batteries.
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399,490 |
Please write an abstract with title: Improving the interface between business and product development using agile practices and the cycles of control framework, and key words: Product development, Project management, Companies, Paper technology, Feedback, Portfolios, Conference management, Scheduling, Software quality, Employee welfare. Abstract: We describe how we created and adopted an agile product development process in a small software company based on the cycles of control framework by combining selected agile practices and principles from the scrum and XP methodologies. Describing the development process using the framework helped in identifying the crucial control points between business and development and enabled defining practical and well-functioning connections between them. The control points enable visibility and flexible management of product development status and direction. Currently business understands development status better, which has led to fewer interruptions between the control points, and thus improved working conditions for development. Positive experiences are reported of newly adopted practices such as scrum meetings, pair programming, and unit testing. However, finding and adopting technical tools to facilitate the process proved to be challenging.
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399,491 |
Please write an abstract with title: A π Small-Signal Model of MEMS Series Switches Based on the Parameter- Extraction Method, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Switches, Predictive models, Telecommunication switching, Coplanar waveguides, Power system modeling, Electrodes, Polyimides, Capacitance, Solid state circuits. Abstract: A novel π small-signal model of MEMS series switches is presented based on a parameter-extraction method, which can determine a fringing capacitance (C_f) in the end of each signal line as well as a contact resistance (R_c). For an on-state modeling, the average error of S₁₁ for the π model is 5.1% in the range of 5~35 GHz, whereas that of the conventional model of two-port series-impedance without C_f is 167.2 %. It is noted that the conventional model is not valid anymore for the on-state model and C_f should be taken into account. The small-signal modeling by the proposed π model demonstrates the validity of the approach.
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399,492 |
Please write an abstract with title: System in a package solution for RF receiver with SAW filter integration, and key words: Packaging, Radio frequency, SAW filters, Silicon, Surface acoustic waves, Integrated circuit technology, Multiaccess communication, Personal communication networks, Acoustic waves, Gallium arsenide. Abstract: An RF receiver module including a SAW filter in a package has been developed for providing a system in a package (SIP) solution. The most significant feature for the receiver module is that the RF SAW (surface acoustic wave) filter is integrated within the package. A typical silicon substate with thick oxide on top (/spl sim/25 /spl mu/m) made it possible to implement the different technologies such as GaAs MMIC and SAW filter on a single substate. MCM-D technology using a silicon substrate in this paper shows the proper solution for a SIP. RF performance and basic circuit components such as inductors, capacitors, resistors and transmission lines are developed. To verify the application of a silicon substrate to a system, an RF receiver module having dual band/tri-mode functions (CDMA, AMPS, and PCS) is implemented on a silicon substrate. A low noise amplifier, RF SAW filter and mixer are integrated on a specialized silicon substrate and show 2.4/spl sim/3 dB NF and 27/spl sim/28 dB gain for PCS (1840/spl sim/1870 MHz) and CDMA (869/spl sim/894 MHz), respectively.
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399,493 |
Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a third-generation 1.1-GHz 64-bit microprocessor, and key words: Microprocessors, Copper, CMOS process, High speed integrated circuits, Workstations, Pipelines, System-on-a-chip, Central Processing Unit, Clocks, Sun. Abstract: This third-generation 1.1-GHz 64-bit UltraSPARC microprocessor provides 1-MB on-chip level-2 cache, 4-Gb/s off chip memory bandwidth, and a new 200 MHz JBus interface that supports one to four processors. The 87.5-million transistor chip is implemented in a seven-layer-metal copper 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process and dissipates 53 W at 1.3 V and 1.1 GHz.
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399,494 |
Please write an abstract with title: A unified design of single-stage and two-stage PFC converter, and key words: Reactive power, Capacitors, Nonlinear systems, Costs, Voltage, Shape control, Interference, Circuit stability, Design methodology, Power factor correction. Abstract: New regulations and future standards highlight the power factor correction (PFC) converter as a basic requirement for switching power supplies. Many converter topologies have been proposed, which provide almost unity power factor line current. Boost PFC converter with average-current-mode control performs the advantage of perfect PFC such as the continuous current and the ability to shape the input current to trace the input voltage. A novel thinking to have a unified design of a boost PFC converter as one block for all proposed application is highlighted in this issue. Then, external capacitor units are added depending on the application kind. The design steps are explained for the single-stage and two-stage PFC converters. As a conclusion, the design must be set on the requirements of a stable system as a step-one for the unified block and then adding external capacitor units for the other application purpose.
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399,495 |
Please write an abstract with title: Differential GNSS, and key words: Satellite broadcasting, Global Positioning System, Receivers, Global navigation satellite system, Atmospheric measurements, Monitoring, Extraterrestrial measurements. Abstract: One of the most common forms of differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) involves determining the combined effects of navigation message ephemeris and satellite clock errors at a reference station and transmitting corrections, in real time, to a user's receiver. In measurement/relative‐based DGNSS architectures, the emphasis is to send monitor/reference station measurements to the rover so that the user can perform difference processing and solve for the relative range vector between the reference station and the mobile user. This chapter describes local‐area differential GNSS (LADGNSS), wide‐area differential GNSS (WADGNSS), and the space‐based augmentation system (SBAS). The SBAS uses geostationary (GEO) satellites to relay correction and integrity information to users. A GEO Uplink System clock must track wide‐area augmentation system network time to enable accurate ranging from the GEO signal in space. A GEO satellite clock error is interpreted by the master station's GEO orbit determination.
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399,496 |
Please write an abstract with title: One-bit Error-Feedback Quantizer for Uniform Linear Antenna Array, and key words: Quantization (signal), Array signal processing, Europe, Massive MIMO, Noise shaping, Linear antenna arrays, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: One-bit error-feedback quantizers for uniform linear antenna arrays are developed to enable efficient spatial noise shaping. The SNR of the maximum ratio combiner for received signals quantized by one-bit error-feedback quantizers is evaluated. Then, the optimal error-feedback quantizer that maximizes the worst SNR for the signals whose arrival angles are in a fixed range of interest is designed. Numerical results are provided to show that our one-bit spatial noise shaping exhibits flat BER performance for the signals from the prescribed range.
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399,497 |
Please write an abstract with title: A two-mode structure of adaptive linear predictor, and key words: Signal processing algorithms, Least squares approximation, Convergence, Speech coding, Steady-state, Predictive models, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Filters, Transfer functions, Equations. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate a two-mode structure of adaptive linear predictor with application to speech coding. Initially, this structure has independently adapting low-order cascaded stages that use forward-backward linear prediction algorithm. Later, it switches to a regular transversal structure using least mean square (LMS) algorithm. This method enjoys fast convergence rate at the beginning and accurate tracking of inputs in the steady state.
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399,498 |
Please write an abstract with title: NNBench-X: A Benchmarking Methodology for Neural Network Accelerator Designs, and key words: Benchmark testing, Artificial neural networks, Hardware, Tensile stress, Computer architecture, Feature extraction, Analytical models. Abstract: The tremendous impact of deep learning algorithms over a wide range of application domains has encouraged a surge of neural network (NN) accelerator research. Prior NN accelerator research reveals that the software-hardware co-design method is promising to achieve significant performance improvement and energy savings. To guide future co-designs, an evolving benchmark suite and its associated benchmark method are needed to characterize NN workloads and incorporate emerging NN compression techniques. However, the co-design method has not been well covered by existing NN benchmark work. In this paper, we propose a novel benchmarking methodology, which decouples the benchmarking process into three stages. First, we select the most representative applications from a user-customized candidate pool by analyzing their performance features. Second, we compress selected applications according to customized model compression techniques to generate a benchmark suite. Finally, we evaluate a variety of accelerator designs on the generated benchmark suite. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our benchmarking methodology, we conduct a case study of designing a general NN benchmark from TensorFlow Model Zoo and with various NN compression methods. We finally evaluate the benchmark on various representative architectures.
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399,499 |
Please write an abstract with title: QoS Routing Algorithm for OBS Networks Based on a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Quality of service, Routing, Optical burst switching, Optimization, Bayes methods, Optical packet switching, Optical fiber networks. Abstract: To optimize the QoS of optical burst switching networks, a QoS routing optimization algorithm based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed. A Bayesian network model is used to locate the fault of optical burst switching network and obtain the fault location of the transmission link of optical burst switching network; In this position, the routing optimization algorithm based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm transforms the multi constrained network quality of service routing optimization problem into a constrained multi-objective routing optimization problem. Under multiple constraints, the best path of optical burst switching network service is obtained to realize the optical burst switching network quality of service routing optimization. The results show that after applying the proposed algorithm, the average delay of video, text and picture transmission in an optical burst switching network is less than 400ms. The proposed algorithm can improve the packet delivery rate of information transmission in an optical burst switching network, reduce the transmission delay, blocking probability and use cost of an optical burst switching network, and optimize the service quality of an optical burst switching network.
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