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Please write an abstract with title: Middleware for isochronous connection management in IEEE1394-IEC61883 based multimedia home network, and key words: Middleware, Intelligent networks, Multimedia systems, Home automation, Data communication, Protocols, Knowledge management, Resource management, Multimedia communication, Plugs. Abstract: For efficient management of isochronous resources and of connection of an entire IEEE1394 network, a management architecture and interface are required. The paper proposes a middleware for isochronous connection management in IEEE1394-IEC61883 based multimedia home networks.
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Please write an abstract with title: The Dual-Mode Combined Control Strategy for Centralized Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverters Based on Double-Split Transformers, and key words: Power system stability, Stability criteria, Switches, Circuit stability, Voltage control, Phase locked loops, Impedance. Abstract: Centralized photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverters (GCIs) based on double-split transformers have been widely used in large-scale desert PV plants. However, due to the large fluctuation of short circuit ratio (SCR) under high-penetration PV power plants, the stability of GCIs controlled in current source mode (CSM) is seriously affected. Reducing the bandwidth of the phase-locked loop (PLL) will improve the stability of CSM-controlled GCI, but the dynamic response performance will be degraded. Even if the PLL bandwidth is designed to be very low, the CSM-controlled GCI still cannot operate stably in very weak grids. The voltage source mode (VSM) controlled GCI can operate stably in very weak grids, but is not suitable for strong grids. Therefore, this article proposes a dual-mode combined control strategy: When SCR gradually decreases, the GCIs operate in full CSM (FCSM), hybrid mode (HM), and full VSM (FVSM) in turn, which effectively improves the stability of GCIs when SCR fluctuates greatly. The stability region of GCIs under the constraints of multiperformance-index is obtained, and the switching boundaries between the above three modes are also quantitatively analyzed in this article. Finally, the correctness of the proposed control strategy is verified by experiments.
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Please write an abstract with title: Robotics out of the Mainstream: Special Topics in Agrifood and Laboratory Automation: PLENARY TALK, and key words: Automation, Robot sensing systems, Throughput, Task analysis, Sensors, Planning, Pharmaceuticals. Abstract: Robotics has been the central idea behind flexible automation since its roots. Over the past 60 years, the range of application fields is widening greatly, stepping forward boosted by major technological advancements. Today, the mechatronics under the robots' cover is so developed that it barely limits our imagination when considering a manipulation task or a locomotion-related problem. In the recent era of new-wave robotics, the challenge is to achieve the seamless, highperformance interplay in the jungle of advanced sensors, AIdriven machine cognition, closed-loop control, and the underlying bare metal. There are a wide variety of relatively new areas in which the application of robots gains clear economic motivation. One such area is the agri-food sector, especially the fruit, vegetable, and mushroom harvesting, where human resources render an ever-narrowing bottleneck. At the same time, the crop yield and the overall efficiency pushed higher and higher. Another exciting field is the automation of life science laboratories. COVID-19 has clearly shown that the throughput of pharmaceutical research is crucial when a global epidemic threatens humankind. My talk will focus on two projects that emerged in the practice of the iROB Center of Óbuda University: The first one is the robotic harvesting of button mushrooms and the related planning problems. The other one is the automatic manipulation of microscope slides. Besides giving insight into these topics, the lecture will also uncover the general background and outlook of some promising research directions that potentially bring a paradigm change in robotic automation.
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399,203 |
Please write an abstract with title: Visual Analysis of Precision Teaching Research Based on VOS Viewer in Data-Driven Perspective, and key words: data-driven, precision teaching, visual analytics, VOS viewer. Abstract: With the dilution of teaching space boundaries, complex and diversified teaching forms, the rapid progress of modern information technology, and the emergence of new educational concepts, traditional teaching from the design of objectives to the formulation of evaluation constantly reveals many problems that need to be solved. At the moment, the combination of precision teaching and data-driven allows teaching and learning problems to be solved in a new digital form. This paper analyzes the current situation of data-driven precision teaching at home and abroad with VOS viewer software, discovers the new direction of data-driven teaching model to promote teaching practice, based on the development and application of technology, data literacy concerns and enhancements to promote the realization of accurate teaching and learning. Finds that data-driven in precision teaching has the characteristics of wide application, multiple choices, and significant effect, and proposes future research directions in combination with reality.
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399,204 |
Please write an abstract with title: Short-Term Wind Generation Combined Forecast Considering Meteorological Similarity, and key words: Neural networks, Transforms, Wind power generation, Predictive models, Wind farms, Prediction algorithms, Numerical models. Abstract: High-precision short-term wind generation prediction results are conducive to making a scientific generation plan and improving the wind power absorption capacity of the power grids. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the numerical weather prediction and wind power, this paper proposes a short-term wind generation combined forecast model considering meteorological similarity to improve the prediction accuracy of short-term wind power. In this method, the meteorological similarity day model, the extreme gradient boosting algorithm and the back propagation neural network algorithm are selected for achieving the short-term wind power prediction. Then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to determine the weight of each single forecasting model. Finally, the prediction results are obtained through the combination of the single model prediction results. With the realistic wind power data collected from a wind farm in Xinjiang province, the short-term wind forecasting task is achieved by the proposed method. The simulation results illustrate that the combined model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the forecasting performance of the benchmark models.
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399,205 |
Please write an abstract with title: Digital optical space switch based on micromotor grating scanners, and key words: Optical switches, Micromotors, Gratings, Optical attenuators, Optical crosstalk, Attenuation, Optical design, Electrostatics, Fabrication, Scalability. Abstract: We present the design of a new class of optical space switch based on the use of grating beam deflectors mounted on electrostatic micromachined micromotors. The micromotors are used to position the beam deflectors according to the selected output channels. Due to the nature of the micromotor movement, switching is digital. Switching speeds of up to 12 ms have been achieved, with a maximum crosstalk of 61.9- and 22.94-dB attenuation. This high attenuation is mainly due to the simple grating fabrication process used, and could be greatly reduced with a more specialized process. Calculations of scalability are also presented.
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399,206 |
Please write an abstract with title: Soft-decision FEc Designed for Optically Preamplified PAM4 Direct Detection, and key words: Gamma distribution, Optical design, Optical switches, Coherence, Forward error correction, Probability density function, Adaptive optics. Abstract: We present a soft-decision FEC designed for preamplified PAM4 direct detection. In the designed FEC, a gamma distribution is fitted to beat noise PDFs, achieving a post-FEC BER threshold comparable to that in coherent systems.
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399,207 |
Please write an abstract with title: Algorithm/Hardware Codesign for Real-Time On-Satellite CNN-Based Ship Detection in SAR Imagery, and key words: Marine vehicles, Field programmable gate arrays, Convolutional neural networks, Adaptation models, Radar polarimetry, Synthetic aperture radar, Feature extraction. Abstract: Recently, the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach for on-satellite ship detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has received increasing attention since it does not rely on predefined imagery features and distributions that are required in conventional detection methods. To achieve high detection accuracy, most of the existing CNN-based methods leverage complex off-the-shelf CNN models for optical imagery. Unfortunately, this usually leads to expensive computational cost, which is hard to process in real time using resource-constrained devices deployed in the harsh satellite environment. In this article, we propose OSCAR-RT, the first end-to-end algorithm/hardware codesign framework for real-time on-satellite CNN-based SAR ship detection, which can simultaneously produce an accurate and hardware-friendly CNN model and an ultraefficient field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based hardware accelerator that can be deployed on satellites. With the real-time on-satellite processing speed in mind, we start from a state-of-the-art compact CNN model for optical imagery. To eliminate the sharp decrease in the detection accuracy for SAR imagery, we analyze the discrepancy between the SAR domain and optical domain and propose to adapt the model by adjusting the output feature size to better detect relatively smaller objects in SAR imagery. To improve the detection speed, we propose to develop a fully pipelined interlayer streaming accelerator architecture, where all the layers of the CNN model can be concurrently processed using on-chip FPGA resources. To achieve this architecture, we first propose a hardware-guided, progressive, and structural pruning strategy, which is guided by our modeled hardware metrics and applies state-of-the-art coarse-grained and fine-grained filter pruning as well as mixed-precision quantization techniques. Moreover, to improve the reusability and portability of the hardware accelerator design, we develop a library of highly optimized CNN components in high-level synthesis, together with their performance and resource models. Finally, we map the pruned CNN model onto these hardware library components in a fully pipelined interlayer streaming fashion, by adjusting their parallelism factors to balance the execution of each layer and fit into the resource constraint. Experimental results using the adapted MobileNetV1, MobileNetV2, and SqueezeNet models on the widely used SAR ship detection dataset (SSDD) demonstrate the effectiveness of OSCAR-RT; for the MobileNetV1 model, it achieves an average precision of 94%, a detection speed of 652 frames/s on the Xilinx VC709 FPGA evaluation board while consuming about 5.8-W power.
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399,208 |
Please write an abstract with title: A direct approach for distribution system load flow solutions, and key words: Load flow, Jacobian matrices, Matrix decomposition, Robustness, Automation, Gaussian distribution, Admittance, Testing, Reactive power, State estimation. Abstract: A direct approach for unbalanced three-phase distribution load flow solutions is proposed in this paper. The special topological characteristics of distribution networks have been fully utilized to make the direct solution possible. Two developed matrices-the bus-injection to branch-current matrix and the branch-current to bus-voltage matrix-and a simple matrix multiplication are used to obtain load flow solutions. Due to the distinctive solution techniques of the proposed method, the time-consuming LU decomposition and forward/backward substitution of the Jacobian matrix or Y admittance matrix required in the traditional load flow methods are no longer necessary. Therefore, the proposed method is robust and time-efficient. Test results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The proposed method shows great potential to be used in distribution automation applications.
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399,209 |
Please write an abstract with title: Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical transmitters, Numerical simulation, Optical signal processing, Chromatic dispersion, Four-wave mixing, Phase modulation, Intensity modulation, Differential phase shift keying, Optical noise. Abstract: Three modulation formats are compared by numerical simulation of highly dense (75-GHz-spaced for 40 Gb/s channel), long-haul (600-1800 km) wavelength division multiplexed systems with three fiber types. Nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format, being the most spectrally compact and the simplest in transmitter and receiver configuration of the three, seems to be capable enough at shorter transmission distances than 1000 km regardless of fiber type. Carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (RZ) format, being the most tolerant to the self-phase modulation effect, showed better performance with fibers having larger chromatic dispersion. However, its transmission distance with low dispersion fibers is severely limited by the four-wave mixing effect. Bit-synchronous intensity modulated differential phase shift keying (IM-DPSK) format seems to be the best choice for a transmission distance beyond 1000 km because of its superior tolerance to optical noise and fiber nonlinear effects regardless of fiber types, despite slightly more complex transmitter and receiver configurations.
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399,210 |
Please write an abstract with title: VLSI/LSI Circuit Functions: Their Chanllenges, Rewards, and Problems, and key words: Very large scale integration, Large scale integration, Circuits, Error correction codes, Clocks, Error correction, Decoding, Delay, Logic devices, Arithmetic. Abstract: Sperry Univac is concluding, the development of a family of very large to large scale integrated (VLSI/LSI) bipolar logic components. These parts supply universal functions in general computer applications and are not unique to a specific system. This approach is, in itself, unique for a computer mainframe manufacturer, since these designs are not proprietary and are meant for off-the-shelf commercial usage. If the volume objectives are met, the price of these components will be attractive to other users, and the components will be used over a broad range of application and speed. A description of the functions, the logic density, the technology, and the circuits used are covered. A comparison of these functions to their small to medium scale integrated (SSI/MSI) components is also discussed. Finally the areas of schedules, costs, and problems encountered are covered.
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399,211 |
Please write an abstract with title: Detecting Foliar Diseases in Potato Crops Through a Network of Convolutional Neurons, and key words: Leaf disease, Deep learning, VGG16, AlexNet, Smart Agriculture, Convolutional Neural Network. Abstract: Many robust and efficient techniques are being designed to boost production for crops in the agriculture industry. Potatoes are one of the most significant crops for various uses. In this study, we examined potato leaves to detect diseases related to crops. The authors designed an efficient deep learning-based model to identify late blight and early blight illnesses in potato crops. This study proposed a sequential model for detecting diseases in the potato crop. Different classifiers based on deep learning models were then used to analyze the findings. A deep learning architecture built on an image-segmented convolutional neural network with has reached its maximum efficiency of 98.44%. The comparison of the performance of the proposed method and ensemble models showed that the proposed approach outperformed the start-of-the-art deep learning model.
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399,212 |
Please write an abstract with title: A translinear circuit for sinusoidal frequency division, and key words: Frequency conversion, Inductors, Capacitors, Cutoff frequency, Band pass filters, Operational amplifiers, Equations, Diodes, Circuit simulation, Instruments. Abstract: A translinear circuit for sinusoidal frequency division, by an integer number, is presented. The circuit uses no inductors, no capacitors, no analog multipliers and is, therefore, attractive for integration. Simulation results are included.
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399,213 |
Please write an abstract with title: Biologically inspired decision making for collective robotic systems, and key words: Decision making, Robot kinematics, Biology computing, Multilevel systems, Books, Biological systems. Abstract: Practical collective robotic systems likely will be confronted with problems which have more than one unique solution. When deciding on which of a set of candidate solutions to a problem to pursue, a collective system should ensure that its members reach a unanimous decision regarding which solution to implement so that the system itself does not split apart with different members pursuing different solutions. If such a split were to occur, much of the collective system's functionality could be lost. In this paper, we present a unique approach to collective decision making that is based on an algorithm employed by a particular species of ant when it chooses a new nest site. We expand the ants' algorithm into a general purpose decision making scheme and apply it to the collective relocation problem. A detailed study of the performance of our decision making algorithm was carried out in simulation using the collective relocation task as a test bed. Consistent system performance was observed across three robot populations. It was found that one particular system variable, the decision quorum threshold played a large role in determining the system's behaviour and that system behaviour was maximized when this variable was set to 50% of the system's population.
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399,214 |
Please write an abstract with title: JSAIT Editorial for the Special Issue on “Beyond Errors and Erasures: Coding for Data Management and Delivery in Networks”, and key words: Special issues and sections, Network coding, Encoding, Robustness, Network topology, Protocols. Abstract: It is our pleasure to share with you this special issue, providing a snapshot of the current evolution of coding for data management and delivery in networks. Using coding to provide flexibility and efficiency in data management, rather than merely as tool to combat locally bit rot or transmission impediments, has become an increasingly rich and active domain of investigation. It weaves themes of protocol design, resource allocation, quality of experience management and code construction. These aspects arise in the papers of this issue, each of which individually represents one facet of the current state of the art, and collectively we hope constitute a well-cut gem.
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399,215 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Symbolic-Interconnect Router for Custom IC Design, and key words: Wires, Routing, Connectors, Wiring, Buildings, Logic, Design automation, Contact resistance, Joining processes, Sorting. Abstract: The router described in this paper is part of a complete CAD system which aims at hierarchical designs of customized VLSI MOS circuits. It routes global signals as symbolic interconnect and is guaranteed to complete all routing in one pass. The router is fully automatic as well as highly interactive. It employs the novel idea of bouyancy and produces wires with a natural bus structure. The router is fully operational, and has been used in routing a number of real-world integrated circuits.
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399,216 |
Please write an abstract with title: SafeOps: A Concept of Continuous Safety, and key words: Safety, Monitoring, Software, Testing, Microprogramming, ISO Standards, Accidents. Abstract: Improved safety is one of the key benefits expected from autonomous vehicles. This can only be achieved if the autonomous vehicles are guaranteed to be safe enough. This paper proposes a potential approach contributing to this safety improvement: it describes and investigates "SafeOps", a concept of "continuous safety", based on the DevOps approach, unifying development and operations. DevOps consists in a set of practices intended to reduce the time between committing a change to a system and the change being deployed into production, while ensuring high quality. DevOps benefits to system development and delivery by enabling software continuous delivery, faster changes management with faster issues resolution, and improved reliability. SafeOps key principle is to monitor the system in operation and to use this information for validating and certifying a certain safety assurance level. Following this approach, a system could be compliant to a first safety assurance level when it's first delivered and compliant to higher ones when validated in operation.
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399,217 |
Please write an abstract with title: Secure Correct Control for Cyber-Physical Systems under Multiple Stochastic Physical Attacks, and key words: Stochastic processes, Detectors, Security, Cyber-physical systems, Actuators, Mathematical model. Abstract: Secure correct control problem is discussed for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) under multiple stochastic physical attacks. In particular, the attack signals considered are designed to directly destruct the security of the CPSs, which consists of three components. One is the stochastic attack signal injected into the actuator. The other one is bounded stochastic attack signal that can realize coupling with state to invade the sensor. And the third one is completely unknown attack by wireless network, aiming at tampering with the state information of CPSs. To online detect the stochastic attack signals acting on actuator, a adaptive stochastic attacks detector (ASAD) is constructed. As for the stochastic sensor attacks coupled with state, the feedback stabilizer is introduced to correct the sensor signal. An secure correct control (SCC) scheme is proposed by integrating ASAD with feedback stabilizer and robust technology. It is proved that the security control performance of the CPSs is realized. Finally, a simulation examples is given to shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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399,218 |
Please write an abstract with title: Robust adaptive dynamical neural control for uncertain chaotic system, and key words: Robust control, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Control systems, Chaos, Nonlinear control systems, Uncertainty, Error correction, Neural networks, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: Robust adaptive control of chaotic system with uncertainty was investigated in the presence of modeling error. The scheme of adaptation was based on identification estimates via dynamical neural networks. By using proposed nonlinear adaptive controller, the chaotic signal of the unknown system dynamics tends to be driven into a well controlled steady state. Moreover, the mathematical proof of stability properties of the system was guaranteed. Finally, simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method through application on the Chen's chaotic system.
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399,219 |
Please write an abstract with title: Towards Machine Learning Explainability in Text Classification for Fake News Detection, and key words: Deep learning, Text categorization, Data visualization, Media, Data models, Task analysis, Information integrity. Abstract: The digital media landscape has been exposed in recent years to an increasing number of deliberately misleading news and disinformation campaigns, a phenomenon popularly referred as fake news. In an effort to combat the dissemination of fake news, designing machine learning models that can classify text as fake or not has become an active line of research. While new models are continuously being developed, the focus so far has mainly been aimed at improving the accuracy of the models for given datasets. Hence, there is little research done in the direction of explainability of the deep learning (DL) models constructed for the task of fake news detection.In order to add a level of explainability, several aspects have to be taken into consideration. For instance, the pre-processing phase, or the length and complexity of the text play an important role in achieving a successful classification. These aspects need to be considered in conjunction with the model's architecture. All of these issues are addressed and analyzed in this paper. Visualizations are further employed to grasp a better understanding how different models distribute their attention when classifying fake news texts. In addition, statistical data is gathered to deepen the analysis and to provide insights with respect to the model's interpretability.
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Please write an abstract with title: Study of Loran-C One-Hop Sky-Wave Fields at Different Altitudes Above the Ground, and key words: Ionosphere, Time-domain analysis, Finite difference methods, Surface waves, Mathematical model, Reflection coefficient. Abstract: To expand the space applications of low-frequency sky-wave signals, Loran-C electromagnetic fields at low and high altitudes in the earth–ionosphere waveguide are studied in this letter. In order to consider the influence of the earth's surface on one-hop sky-wave fields at different altitudes, the wave-hop theory that used for field predictions on the ground is improved, and the wave-hop equation based on the frequency domain is further transformed into the time domain. Then, the proposed approach is applied to calculate the sky-wave fields at the altitudes 0–50 km under given earth–ionosphere models. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are verified by comparison to the finite-difference time-domain method.
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399,221 |
Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Shallow Wavenet Vocoder Using Multiple Samples Output Based on Laplacian Distribution and Linear Prediction, and key words: Degradation, Laplace equations, Vocoders, Computational modeling, Signal processing, Predictive models, Speech processing. Abstract: This paper presents a novel way for an efficient implementation scheme of shallow WaveNet vocoder with multiple samples (segment) output based on the use of Laplacian distribution and linear prediction. In our previous work, we have proposed a shallow architecture for WaveNet vocoder that utilizes only 9 dilated convolutional layers while capable of generating high-quality speech with the use of Laplacian distribution in speech samples modeling. However, there is still a lot of room for improvements to increase the computation efficiency, such as by the inference of segment output and the use of a more compact structure. In this work, we tackle this issue by proposing a simple implementation scheme of segment output modeling, that can be easily extended into other neural vocoders, where the Laplacian distribution parameters of multiple samples are estimated simultaneously. Further, to preserve the dependencies of the samples within the segment, we also propose utilizing linear prediction (LP) to compute the distribution parameters, where data- driven LP-coefficients are estimated by the WaveNet vocoder along with locations and scales. Finally, a shallower WaveNet vocoder with 6 layers is deployed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LP-based Laplacian distribution can alleviate the quality degradation caused by segment generation.
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399,222 |
Please write an abstract with title: Low-discrepancy Sampling for Full Reference Image Quality Assessment Speed Up, and key words: Image quality, Training, PSNR, Databases, Neural networks, Visual systems, Sampling methods. Abstract: Image quality assessment (IQA) aims to predict the image quality perceived by the human visual system (HVS). Full Reference (FR) image quality assessment is an objective algorithm requiring information about the reference image for quality assessment. Consequently, the FR algorithms may need a high number of operations to complete the evaluation. Another relevant point is that IQA based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) requires a long training. Considering the high computational cost of FR assessment, we propose to use sampling methods as an alternative to the conventional IQA. First, we apply Van der Corput-Halton, Sobol, and uniform sampling methods to obtain a small representation of the images. Afterwards, we evaluate the sampled image using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity (SSIM), and Deep Image Quality Measure for FR (DIQaM-FR) metrics. The experimental results reveal that 7.8% of image pixels of the Live database are sufficient to obtain approximate values of SSIM and low mean error of PSNR. The sampling blocks used in the training of DIQaM-FR demonstrate to be adequate for training the model showing a correlation of 0.968 for SROCC applied on the Live database and a considerably lower training time.
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399,223 |
Please write an abstract with title: Robust Iterative Learning Control for Pneumatic Muscle With Uncertainties and State Constraints, and key words: Uncertainty, Trajectory, Muscles, Lyapunov methods, Convergence, Trajectory tracking, Safety. Abstract: In this article, we propose a new iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for trajectory tracking of pneumatic muscle (PM) actuators with state constraints. A PM model is constructed in three-element form with both parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, while full state constraints are considered for enhancing operational safety. To ensure that system states are within the predefined bounds, the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is used in the analysis, which reaches infinity when some of its arguments approach limits. The proposed ILC incorporates the BLF with the composite energy function (CEF) approach and ensures the boundedness of CEF in the closed-loop, thus, assuring that those limits are not transgressed. Through rigorous analysis, we show that under the proposed ILC scheme, uniform convergences of PM state tracking errors are guaranteed. Simulation studies and experimental validations are conducted to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed ILC satisfies the state constraint requirements and the tracking error is less than 2.5% of the desired trajectory.
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399,224 |
Please write an abstract with title: The effects of severe troposphere weather on ionosphere on the Baltic region, and key words: GSM, Wind, Atmospheric measurements, Storms, Atmospheric modeling, Data models, Atmospheric waves. Abstract: The results of observations and modeling of the ionosphere parameters in periods of the severe troposphere weather events in October 2017, 2018 are presented. We analyze variations in the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2), in the total electron content (TEC), in the sporadic E-layer critical frequency during meteorology disturbances in the troposphere. It was shown that the meteorology storms can influence on the ionosphere parameters through the gravity waves (GWs). The GWs generated in the meteorology storm area can propagate into upper atmosphere and ionosphere. The GWs dissipation leads to the formation of disturbances in the thermospheric state at spatial scales that are determined by the duration and spatial dimensions of the region located in the meteorological disturbance zone. To interpret the observed disturbances in the upper atmosphere, the experimental measurements are compared with the results of model calculations obtained with the Global Self-Consistent Model of Thermosphere— Ionosphere—Protonosphere (GSM TIP).
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399,225 |
Please write an abstract with title: The effect of global motion parameter accuracies on the efficiency of video coding, and key words: Video coding, Motion estimation, Predictive models, Motion analysis, Motion compensation, Drives, Video compression, Image segmentation, Image registration, Error analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we present theoretical analysis on how the global motion parameter accuracies affect the efficiency of motion compensated video coding. The inaccurate global motion compensation is modelled by introducing probabilistic rotation, scale and translation parameter errors. Approximate expressions that relate the power spectrum of the prediction error to motion parameter errors is derived. By doubling the accuracy of the motion parameters, up to 6 dB theoretical gains can be obtained in prediction error variance.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and development of a simple, low cost gait training assistive device, and key words: Costs, Muscles, Spinal cord injury, Medical treatment, Pneumatic actuators, Orthotics, Leg, Humans, Helium, Biomedical engineering. Abstract: Treadmill training with body weight support has promise in the rehabilitation of individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Currently, therapists manually assist the patient during gait training or mechanical orthoses drive the patient's legs. Manual training provided by physical therapists is demanding and labor intensive, while mechanical/robotic assist systems are expensive, immobile, and complex to setup and utilize by therapists. A simple system capable of providing gait training with affordable expense and ease of use is desirable. Implementation of the device would reduce costs in spinal cord injury rehabilitation, reduce the workload of physical therapists, and increase availability of rehabilitation to a greater population of spinal cord injury subjects. Goals for the assistive device were achieved by selecting pneumatic muscles as actuators based on their intrinsic properties: compliance, low mass, and ability to provide sufficient force. An assistive device was designed to provide the movements of the limbs during treadmill training.
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399,227 |
Please write an abstract with title: Improved Occlusion Scenario Coverage with a POMDP-based Behavior Planner for Autonomous Urban Driving, and key words: Monte Carlo methods, Roads, Conferences, Urban areas, Phantoms, System recovery, Markov processes. Abstract: Safely driving through various occlusion scenarios in urban environments, such as bus stops or crosswalks, is challenging for autonomous vehicles (AVs). Improving the ability to handle more occlusion scenarios in urban environments is paramount when using AVs as shuttle buses. An AV could experience deadlock situations in very heavy occlusion scenarios with the worst-case assumption that potential occluded road users could suddenly emerge using maximal allowed velocity. In this study, we address this issue with a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP)-based behavior planner to improve the occlusion scenario coverage. We extend a phantom vehicle concept to include pedestrians to represent potential road users in risky occlusion areas. The appearance probability of phantom objects along with their future movement is inferred using map information and road topology. Finally, context-aware phantom road users are incorporated within a POMDP formulation, which is solved online by constructing a Monte Carlo tree with reachable state analysis. Various evaluation results indicate that the ego vehicle shows comfortable driving behavior, aiming to avoid unnecessary braking and acceleration when driving through challenging occlusion scenarios in urban areas, including crosswalks, bus stops, and intersections. Moreover, it does not lead to deadlock situations in heavily occluded scenarios.
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399,228 |
Please write an abstract with title: Rail to Rail Comparator for SAR ADC in Biomedical Applications, and key words: Rails, Integrated circuits, MOSFET, Low voltage, Latches, Power demand, Simulation. Abstract: This paper presents low voltage low power a rail to rail common mode range clocked comparator. The target application of the proposed circuit is analog to digital converter for biomedical applications. The proposed comparator is composed of two stages which are pre-amplifiers and modified strong-Arm latch. The outputs of NMOS-input and PMOS-input pre-amplifiers are combined by the modified Strong-Arm latch producing rail to rail common mode range clocked comparator. Adopting TSMC 0.18μm technology, the preamplifier stages were designed to work in weak inversion using gm/ID design methodology. The simulation results show that the preamplifier stage consumes less than 0.275μW using power supply of 0.75V. The pre-amplifier DC gain of 43.15dB and unity gain frequency of 300 kHz.
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Please write an abstract with title: Current Mode Control, and key words: Pulse width modulation, Voltage control, IEEE Sections, Analytical models, Oscillators, Pulse width modulation converters, Inductors. Abstract: The second edition of the book extends the scope of the first edition to the emerging topic of <b>Dc Power Distribution Systems</b>. Starting from the converter circuit analyses, small‐signal modeling and dynamic analyses, and control designs for standalone dc‐to‐dc converters, the book culminates with <b>Four New Chapters</b> about <b>Dc Power Distribution Systems</b>, covering the system stability, subsystem compatibility, line filter considerations, and system design/integration for predictable/programmable performance.
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399,230 |
Please write an abstract with title: A novel rotor position estimation method of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on DC compensation and cascade filter, and key words: Vibrations, Band-pass filters, Magnetic separation, Rotors, Estimation, Low-pass filters, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: The traditional rotor position estimation method of permanent magnet synchronous motor at zero and low speed based on high-frequency pulse voltage signal injection inevitably adopts band-pass and low-pass filters, which reduces the dynamic response speed of the system. In this paper, a new rotor position estimation strategy is proposed. First, in the static coordinate system, the pulse vibration high-frequency signal with the same frequency and amplitude is injected into the α and β axis respectively. At the same time, the DC offset for rotor position estimation is extracted. Then the high-frequency pulse vibration signal is injected into the α axis, the obtained DC offset is used to compensate the current response signal, and the cascade filter is used to expand the bandwidth of the position estimation link and improve the dynamic response; Finally, at zero speed, the positive and negative square wave signals are injected into the α axis or β axis, and the initial position is determined by comparing the current amplitude of the corresponding shaft. The effectiveness of this method is verified by simulation. The results show that this method can quickly and accurately obtain the rotor position information at zero and low speed, and has good stability and dynamic characteristics.
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Please write an abstract with title: Low pressure behaviour of the sputter magnetron discharge, and key words: Plasma simulation, Ionization, Cathodes, Plasma confinement, Magnetic confinement, Argon, Orbits, Magnetic fields, Sputtering, Atomic layer deposition. Abstract: Summary form only given. For successful simulation of the complete magnetron sputter deposition process, the modelling of the plasma is crucial. This is because the position and extension of the plasma, more specific its ionisation distribution, determines the erosion profile, i.e. the area on the target (cathode) from where the atoms are removed due to argon ion bombardment. The pressure dependence of the width of the erosion profile was experimentally studied: it is nearly constant above a certain pressure (0.51 Pa), but below this pressure, the width increases strongly with decreasing pressure. The width of the ionisation distribution, and thus also of the plasma, along the direction parallel with the target surface has the same pressure dependence. As the ionisation of the argon gas is primarily due to the secondary electrons (SE), which are released from the target by impinging ions, we developed a model for simulating the orbits of these SE. This is done by solving the Lorentz equation of motion for charged particles. The magnetic field is calculated analytically, and the electric field is assumed to vary linearly over a known distance. Our simulations show that the arch shaped ionisation region of a single SE, emitted at a certain position at the cathode surface, does not change with pressure. Thus, the change in the plasma must be due to a change of emission profile of the SE. For explaining this change we investigated the SE movement: due to its arch shaped orbit, a SE is brought back towards the surface after one cycloidal bounce. If the initial energy of the SE is set to zero, as is common practice, it is reflected by the combined influence of the electric and magnetic field. However, if the initial energy is given a realistic value (typical 4 eV), the SE can interact with the cathode which can lead to recapture of the SE. This recapture is only possible before a SE undergoes any interaction with the discharge gas. As a result, the effect only appears at low pressures and affects the SE emitted near the centre of the erosion profile more than the ones close to the edge because the first have a shorter cycloidal bounce. Consequently, lowering the operating pressure favours the SE emitted near the edge and they will relatively be more present. This effect causes the change in SE emission profile and the resulting increase in plasma and erosion profile width. Hence, for modelling the magnetically confined plasma of a magnetron discharge at low pressures the small initial energy of the SE has to be taken into account, and should not be set to zero as is usually done in such simulations.
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Please write an abstract with title: High-Resolution Wideband Vector-Sum Digital Phase Shifter With On-Chip Phase Linearity Enhancement Technology, and key words: Phase shifters, Linearity, Wideband, System-on-chip, Calibration, Voltage control, Topology. Abstract: In this paper, a wideband vector-sum phase shifter with phase linearity enhancement technology is proposed to minimize phase error. The digital phase shifter synthesizes the output phases by modulating and summing four quadrature signals. A common-source stage with transformer-based matching network and a quadrature-all-pass filter (QAF) are utilized for the quadrature signals generation within a wideband. Besides, to decrease the influence of parasitics on amplitude and phase error, a resistor-based compensation technology is employed in the QAF implementation. Then, to obtain the 360° range high resolution phase shifts, the quadrature signals are modulated by four Gilbert-type variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) with digital-controlled current-digital to analog converters (current-DACs). To further minimize phase error, an on-chip phase linearity enhancement loop is utilized. The drain voltages of current-DACs are detected and compared to the presupposed reference voltages generated by the loop. Besides, the compared results are fed back to control the current-DACs to achieve phase linearity enhancement. To verify the mentioned mechanism, a 7-bit digital phase shifter operating at 22-44 GHz with on-chip phase linearity enhancement technology is implemented and fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS technology. Based on the phase linearity enhancement technology, the phase shifter exhibits a RMS amplitude error of 0.36-0.59 dB and RMS phase error of 0.92° -1.02° without off-chip digital pre-distortion (DPD) technology. The total DC power consumption including the phase linearity enhancement loops is 35 mW under a 0.9V supply voltage.
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399,233 |
Please write an abstract with title: FR4 printed circuit board design for Giga-bits embedded optical interconnect applications, and key words: Printed circuits, Optical design, Optical interconnections, Integrated circuit interconnections, High speed optical techniques, Optical crosstalk, Optical devices, Optical waveguides, System performance, Distributed parameter circuits. Abstract: As the demand of high data rate increases, electrical interconnects on the board becomes a bottleneck for the overall system performance because of crosstalk, transmission line effects, clock skew, and timing jitter. Thus, considerable effort has been made to investigate alternatives to board-level electrical interconnect, such as optical interconnects. However, current board-level optical interconnects still have limitations such as board fabrication cost, optical loss, and alignment tolerance. In this paper we discuss an optical board-level interconnect that uses optoelectronic devices embedded in an optical waveguide, to provide a solution to for Giga-bit data range interconnect, on FR4 printed circuit board (PCB). FR4 PCB is an attractive candidate because it is low-cost and widely used technology. However, the design of electrical interfaces to the optical interconnect still faces all the challenges of FR4 PCB design. Therefore, careful design of electrical path by EM/Schematic co-simulation is inevitable to use the FR4 PCB for 10 giga-bit per second (Gbps) applications even with optical interconnect. From the results of the measurements and simulations provided in this research, we see that fully embedded optical interconnect is a feasible solution to replace the current board-level electrical interconnect in high speed digital systems, however, the design of the optical electrical interfaces remains a challenging part of the interconnect problem.
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399,234 |
Please write an abstract with title: Web service driven integration platform for industrial maintenance oriented applications, and key words: Web services, Application software, Concurrent engineering, Enterprise resource planning, Service oriented architecture, Collaborative work, Proposals, Production, Information systems, Computer industry. Abstract: This account presents the architecture and the basic operation principle of an integration platform which constitutes the framework of the system implementing the task of remote maintenance for the large and medium scale industrial installation. The system based on the technology of Web services is an example of the vertical integration of domain specific applications
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399,235 |
Please write an abstract with title: Fundamental performance metrics and optimal image processing strategies for ultrasound systems, and key words: Measurement, Image processing, Ultrasonic imaging, System performance, Bayesian methods, Signal detection, Envelope detectors, Deconvolution, Matched filters, Filtering. Abstract: Fundamental limits on imaging system performance are developed using Bayesian signal detection theory. The analysis expands upon the wellknown theory of Smith and Wagner. Envelope-detected signals are shown to be sub-optimal for detection tasks. Two image processing strategies are presented that may improve upon current B-mode processing: deconvolution and wavefront curvature matched filtering. The later technique takes advantage of remarkable spatial-frequency bandwidths available in curved wavefronts to obtain high quality images. Both techniques attempt to approach the fundamental limits of performance by mimicking the strategy of the ideal observer.
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399,236 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Gradient Projection Algorithm for Multiple Routing in Message-Switched Networks, and key words: Projection algorithms, Routing, Delay effects, Algorithm design and analysis, Computer networks, Buffer storage, Queueing analysis, Constraint optimization, Design optimization, Computational complexity. Abstract: Various algorithms have been proposed for determining the routing paths designed to minimize the average overall message time delay in message-switched networks. In this paper we describe the application of the gradient projection algorithm to this problem. This algorithm is a gradient-type search procedure designed to handle constrained optimization problems, into which category the routing problem falls. Calculations of the computational complexity of this algorithm indicate that it is particularly well-suited to networks with a limited number of commodities or source-destination pairs. The algorithm is applied to a representative group of distributed-type networks, of varying complexity. Execution times for this algorithm are compared with those obtained using the flow deviation routing algorithm. These agree roughly with the results of the computational requirement calculations; i.e., this algorithm generally requires less execution time for networks with a relatively small number of commodities than does the flow deviation method. (The actual running time depends significantly on the choice of the initial flows or routing paths, however.) For those networks in which all network nodes may be expected to communicate with all other nodes, however, the flow deviation method would be expected to be superior.
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399,237 |
Please write an abstract with title: Development of highly reliable UVM-based Verification Environment for SpaceWire Codec, and key words: Codecs, Conferences, Metrology, Reliability engineering, Data models, Behavioral sciences, Payloads. Abstract: SpaceWire (SpW) is a communication standard widely used in space applications. It requires, in addition to sending and receiving payload data, the continuous transmission between two hosts of information to establish and maintain active the communication link. This does not allow for a simple and efficient verification by sending ad hoc stimuli to the Device Under Test (DUT), due to the high number of possible scenarios that can also change dynamically. In this paper we propose an innovative verification environment based on a Twin model that emulates the ideal behavior of a SpW Far-end and communicates directly with the DUT. This verification architecture, developed according to the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM), allows the user to focus only in sending and receiving payload data, since all the other exchanged information are managed automatically by the Twin model. The result is a highly reliable and easily configurable verification environment, with advantages in terms of reusability and reduced verification effort and time.
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399,238 |
Please write an abstract with title: Monolithic GaN Power IC Technology Drives Wide Bandgap Adoption, and key words: Voltage measurement, RLC circuits, Logic gates, Tools, Loss measurement, Gallium nitride, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: Gallium Nitride power integrated circuits are ramping into high volume and showing unprecedented efficiency, density, and system cost advantages. The technology delivers a complement of scalable devices with models, and a full suite of verification tools. Innovative circuit designs enable complex functions without the benefit of CMOS, bipolars, or diodes.
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399,239 |
Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Secure Web-Based Smart Homes, and key words: Protocols, Redundancy, Smart homes, Bandwidth, SQL injection, Web servers, Tokenization. Abstract: Smart-Home technology is a growing trend that allows technology to be combined into every-day living experience. However, Home automation and security threats are rated to become some of the biggest contemporary issues to tackle. Securing a smart home’s Network requires a leverage of various protocols, technologies, machines, tools, and procedures to defend data and decrease threats. In this paper, we propose a new system that will help overcome a number of attacks directed at smart home networks. The proposed system constitutes a smart-home environment, fog computing, and cloud networks, where we would apply some protocols at the base layer to support redundancy when fail-over occurs. We also apply cookie-box flow control with a very high bandwidth that aims to generate a safe 3-way handshake with a virtual web server in the fog layer to help prevent or limit DDoS SYN flooding attacks to the web-server. Besides, we conduct a query tokenization technique between the client and virtual webserver to detect any SQL injection attacks directed to the webserver. We provide the fog layer with a hash-based security system between the virtual web server and the primary one to prevent accessing sensitive data. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme produces a fully integrated security system that can protect smart-homes or any mission-critical sites by decreasing the number of attacks and malware programs that can target users while they are navigating the web.
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399,240 |
Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Magnetic System of Dual-Stator Vernier Machine, and key words: Stator windings, Torque, Magnetic flux, Rotors, Windings. Abstract: This paper presents the results of modelling of dual-stator Vernier machines with azimuthally magnetized permanent magnets. Two designs of Vernier machines with a single winding and with a double winding are considered. An analysis of the influence of the design of the inner stator on the characteristics of the machine is made. For the studied designs, the specific parameters and maximum of the electromagnetic torque are obtained. Comparison of the considered solutions is based on the result of a numerical calculation of electromagnetic fields.
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399,241 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Near-lossless Compression Algorithm for Multichannel EEG signals, and key words: Noise reduction, Memory management, Signal processing algorithms, Tools, Distortion, Electroencephalography, Distortion measurement. Abstract: In many biomedical measurement procedures, it is important to record a huge amount of data, to monitor the state of health of a subject. In such a context, electroencephalograph (EEG) data are one of the most demanding in terms of size and signal behavior. In this paper, we propose a near-lossless compression algorithm for EEG signals able to achieve a compression ratio in the order of 10 with a root-mean-square distortion less than 0.01%. The proposed algorithm exploits the fact that Principal Component Analysis is usually performed on EEG signals for denoising and removing unwanted artifacts. In this particular context, we can consider this algorithm as a good tool to ensure the best information of the signal beside an efficient compression ratio, reducing the amount of memory necessary to record data.
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399,242 |
Please write an abstract with title: Digital Twin Enabled Methane Emission Abatement Using Networked Mobile Sensing and Mobile Actuation, and key words: Methane, Actuators, Digital twin, Diffusion processes, Climate change, Real-time systems, Global warming. Abstract: Digital Twin is a revolutionary concept from Industry 4.0 for solving physical experiments that cannot frequently repeat due to high cost and safety concerns. It is well known that increasing methane emissions have caused potential global warming, which doesn't satisfy carbon neutralized statement. We proposed a Digital Twin enabled methane emission abatement framework using drones to update real-time data to measure methane emissions to address these issues. We validated our Digital Twin by separated subsystems of targeting in methane emissions mapping and prediction. The preliminary results demonstrate that Digital Twin is an efficient tool in abating methane emissions and contributes efforts to global climate change.
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399,243 |
Please write an abstract with title: Influence of an Inter-TSO Cooperation on the Redispatch Demand in Europe, and key words: Costs, Loading, Europe, Regulation, Security, Optimization, Meteorology. Abstract: Congestion of the European transmission grid has increased in recent years. With the adoption of Regulation 2015/1222, the EU aims to establish an EU-wide system for the optimization of redispatch measures. The specific design of the regulatory requirements is the responsibility of ACER and with regard to the Core region was implemented in 2019 in the form of the methodology for coordinated redispatch and countertrading. Therefore the question arises what efficiency gains, in terms of redispatch volumes and costs, can be achieved from ACER’s methodology. This paper describes a method for coordinated cross-border redispatch in accordance with the ACER regulation. The method is evaluated by comparing it with a purely national redispatch method and a redispatch method based on perfect cooperation between all European TSO. Compared to a purely national redispatch, a reduction of the redispatch volume by 5% can be achieved within the framework of the scenario considered.
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399,244 |
Please write an abstract with title: Distributed arithmetic in the design of high speed hardware fuzzy inference systems, and key words: Arithmetic, Hardware, Fuzzy systems, Field programmable gate arrays, Fuzzy sets, Computer architecture, Engines, Laboratories, Automation, Microelectronics. Abstract: This paper presents an approach for implementing center average defuzzifier by means of distributed arithmetic. This approach was applied in the design of two digital fuzzy processors, their architectures are described and compared in terms of system level organization. An automatic hardware code generation tool was used for specifying these fuzzy processors. Furthermore, they were implemented over a VirtexE/spl reg/ FPGA. Implementation results show that it is possible to obtain a processing speed up to 45 MFLIPS and reduced area cost for distributed arithmetic based parallel organized fuzzy inference systems.
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399,245 |
Please write an abstract with title: Erase profiles of floppy disk heads, and key words: Floppy disks, Magnetic heads, Writing, Disk drives, Shape, Stability, Error analysis, Phase noise, Bit error rate, Degradation. Abstract: An experimental method is described to measure the amplitude profiles across written tracks used in rigid and floppy disk drives. This method allows determination not only of read, write, and side-erasure widths associated with the heads, but also of the detailed shape of the written profiles. These profiles may be obtained for tracks in the as-written condition, or after modification by the write or erase functions of the head. This method was applied to floppy disk heads in order to determine the trim erase characteristics of straddle erase, tunnel erase, and the implicit side erase characteristic of the read/write core itself. A number of typical track profiles are shown, demonstrating the usefulness of this technique. It was found that the straddle erase elements exhibit erasure both under the air gap and under the poles straddling the read/write core; the tunnel erase elements exhibit uniform erasure across their erase gaps but are subject to azimuthal misalignment effects; and the read/write cores themselves exhibit an implicit erase function during normal writing which, in the case studied, extended about 360 μm (9 μm) to each side of the core. Applications of this method to evaluate heads for use at high track densities are also outlined.
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399,246 |
Please write an abstract with title: The role of crossover in an immunity based genetic algorithm for multimodal function optimization, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Robustness, Immune system, Design optimization, Maintenance engineering, Machine learning. Abstract: When genetic algorithms are employed in multimodal function optimization, identifying multiple peaks and maintaining subpopulations of the search space are two central themes. In this paper, we use an immune system model to explore the role of crossover in GAs with respect to these two issues. The experimental results reported here shed more light into how crossover affects the GA's search power in the context of multimodal function optimization. We also show that an adaptive crossover strategy successfully achieves the two goals simultaneously. These results on the effects of crossover are a step toward a deeper understanding of how GAs work, and thus how to design more robust GAs for solving multimodal optimization problems.
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399,247 |
Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Generation of Parallel Java Programs and their Validation using Combinatorial Testing Suites, and key words: Java, Multicore processing, Communication systems, Combinatorial testing, Instruction sets, Conferences, Tools. Abstract: For using multicore processors at best, parallelism has to be embedded into applications by using threads or processes. In this paper we propose a pair of tools generating a parallel version of a Java program and a test suite for it. Firstly, we have developed a tool capable of transforming a given sequential portion of a Java executable program into a multi-thread version of it. Secondly, an additional tool has been developed as a testing support in order to validate the correctness of the parallel version, by using automated combinatorial testing. For a user-definable set of inputs of the original Java program, the testing tool checks whether the corresponding outputs generated by executing both the original sequential version and the transformed parallel version are the same. The parallelising tool and its validating testing counterpart have been implemented and applied on sample Java programs, and some results are shown in this paper.
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399,248 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Research of a Two-Mass System with a PID Controller, Considering the Control Object Identification, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Refining, Process control, Transfer functions, Control systems, Mathematical models, Frequency response. Abstract: The development of an effective positioning drive control system is quite complex due to the need to ensure the movement of the working body with a given accuracy and for a certain time. To improve the quality of transients, a simplified mathematical description of the control object has been developed by its identification, which allows to reduce the calculated power during modeling and increase the accuracy of finding the coefficients of the PID controller. Based on the results of object identification, a mathematical model was developed, and its adequacy was experimentally proved. With the help of a mathematical model, the settings of the PID controller that provide the required parameters of the transient process were found, and the test was performed on a laboratory stand.
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399,249 |
Please write an abstract with title: UTD espression for scattering cross-section of a finite cylinder with circular-cross section, and key words: Radar scattering, Physical theory of diffraction, Geometry, Radar cross section, Dielectrics, Integral equations. Abstract: The Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) has been applied to derive expression for scattered field and hence monostatic scattering cross-section for a finite conducting cylinder with circular cross-section. The theoretically computed results agree very well with the experimental results even for small radius of the cylinder.
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399,250 |
Please write an abstract with title: Behavioral Model With Multiple States Based on Deep Neural Network for Power Amplifiers, and key words: Behavioral sciences, Wireless communication, Data models, Predistortion, Artificial neural networks, Neurons, Deep learning. Abstract: Digital predistortion is widely used to compensate the nonlinear distortion of power amplifiers (PAs). Among the digital predistortion methods, the polynomial or deep neural networks (DNNs) models are only adopted with one specific state. When the operating conditions of PAs change, it is necessary to retrain and update the coefficients of the PA model. The generalization ability of the DNN models cannot be presented. To address this issue, this letter proposes one new modeling method that can build one generalized PA model with multiple states based on DNN. This method embeds a set of coding vectors representing corresponding states to build the generalized model. Compared with the traditional DNN model, experimental results show that the proposed method can construct the PA model containing multiple states while ensuring good modeling performance.
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399,251 |
Please write an abstract with title: Introducing linear magnetic materials in PEEC simulations. Principles, academic and industrial applications, and key words: Magnetic materials, Wiring, Wire, Frequency, Impedance, Circuit simulation, Eddy currents, Analytical models, Voltage, Power electronics. Abstract: In order to study impact of wiring impedances PEEC simulation method has proved to be reliable, fast, and applicable to a wide range of practical problems. However, up till now, this method is inapplicable when a piece of magnetic material is located close to one of the studied wire. In this paper we present a method that overcomes this limitation with a very little cost in computing time. Owing to it, magnetic materials can be introduced, assuming only their behavior is linear. They can be conductive or not and their permeability can be complex to account for magnetic losses. Principles of the extension are carefully established and some academic problems are solved to compare with both analytical formulation and results of FEM simulation software. To end, an industrial problem is solved to illustrate the practical interest of this extension.
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399,252 |
Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing Seismic P-Wave Arrival Picking by Target-Oriented Detection of the Local Windows Using Faster-RCNN, and key words: Machine learning, Feature extraction, Proposals, Histograms, Earthquakes, Microsoft Windows, Wavelet coefficients. Abstract: The accuracy of P-wave arrival picking is essential for seismic analysis. The improvement in the accuracy of P-wave arrival picking is generally achieved through improved algorithms and the processing of waveforms. Therefore, we propose a method that uses deep learning to detect local windows to enhance the accuracy of P-wave arrival picking. The local window is defined as a short time window containing the main components of the signal. The faster-RCNN model is trained on the dataset with the calibrated local window. The trained faster-RCNN model is used for the local window detection of new records, and the existing algorithm is going to work in the local window. As a validation, four kinds of automatic P-wave arrival picking algorithms (wavelet-transform-based approach, PphasePicker algorithm, STAFD/LTAFD algorithm, and deep learning method) are used to conduct experiments in synthetic seismic records and field seismic records, respectively. The field experimental results show that the method proposed in this article can improve the picking capacity of the four methods by 17.5%, 37.6%, 62.4%, and 46.8%, respectively. No matter which algorithm is used, the accuracy of P-wave arrival picking in the local window is generally enhanced. The method presented in this article has a positive effect on improving the accuracy of seismic records.
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399,253 |
Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of composite rod-pinch-diode radiographic sources at 5 to 6 MV on Asterix, and key words: Radiography, Gold, Cathodes, Aluminum, Couplings, Plasma measurements, Laboratories, Diodes, Physics, Measurement standards. Abstract: Composite-rod-pinch loads on Asterix consisting of hollow aluminum tubes supporting either 1-cm-long, 1-mm-diam blunt-end or tapered gold slugs, or 1.5- to 2-mm-diam gold spheres are characterized. Composite-slug loads have slightly-lower doses than the 1.6- or 2-mm-diam standard rod pinches reported elsewhere and smaller spot sizes, leading to higher measured radiography figures-of-merit (FOM). The FOM for the gold-sphere loads is substantially-smaller than for the slug loads.
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399,254 |
Please write an abstract with title: Internet of Things based Real-Time Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia Monitoring using Wearable Biosensors, and key words: Pregnancy, Wearable computers, Optical variables measurement, Real-time systems, Skin, Glucose, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: Using non-invasive wearable devices and the Internet of Healthcare Things, blood glucose levels can now be monitored more accurately. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is an ongoing problem for intensive care unit patients and pregnant women on a day-to-day basis. In order to deal with abnormal blood glucose levels, several clinical studies have established criteria and recommended continuous glucose monitoring. Glucose monitoring at the bedside has become more popular as a way to help patients better control their blood sugar levels. Because of the importance of technology in internet-based healthcare systems, cost-effective ICU glucose control must be addressed. Patients in intensive care units, women who are pregnant, and those who are separated from the rest of society were the primary focus of this research. This research developed the Internet of Healthcare-Things based wearable gadget for real-time Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia monitoring (iHM) using bio-sensors. The iHM device is 98.02 percent accurate after a 10-hour fasting and 97.40 percent accurate two hours after a breakfast. This architecture sends real-time blood glucose data to AWS IoT Core, making the job of nurses simpler and reducing burnout.
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399,255 |
Please write an abstract with title: A 5th order Volterra study of a 30W LDMOS power amplifier, and key words: Power amplifiers, Polynomials, Bandwidth, FETs, Data mining, Voltage, Laboratories, Numerical simulation, Harmonic distortion, Mobile communication. Abstract: A 30 W LDMOS is modeled using a 5th order polynomial model. The polynomial model is compared to the large-signal MET model using harmonic balance, and as the results agreed very well, the polynomial model was imported to a numerical Volterra simulator to find out the dominant cause of distortion for a class A biased amplifier. The characterization technique is briefly discussed.
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399,256 |
Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Conventional and AI-based Image Coding on AI-based Face Recognition Performance, and key words: Visualization, Image coding, Image recognition, Codecs, Face recognition, Transform coding, Europe. Abstract: AI-based face recognition has become increasingly appealing for daily life applications due to its high performance. At the same time, image coding is very commonly used and, thus, many applications perform face recognition with decoded images. However, using decoded images, which may suffer from compression artifacts, may impact the final decision-making process of AI-based face recognition systems and, thus, its overall recognition performance. This paper studies the impact of image coding on the overall face verification performance of a popular and high performing face recognition solution, ArcFace. Face recognition using both original and decoded images, with several compression rates and qualities, is considered. Tests were performed using the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) face dataset, with its images coded using conventional image coding standards, notably JPEG, JPEG 2000, and JPEG XL, as well as three emerging AI-based image codecs. As expected, the experimental results show that coding can have a significant impact on face recognition performance, with its impact becoming increasingly relevant as the coding rate is reduced. It is also observed that the recent AI-based image codecs appear to offer slightly better recognition performance for the same coding rates as a consequence of their better RD performance.
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399,257 |
Please write an abstract with title: Modern methods of projection as a tool for attractive education in museums, and key words: Industries, Electronic learning, Education, Virtual reality, Museums, Proposals. Abstract: The topic of the presented work is an analysis of the current status of modern presentation methods. The aim of the presented work is to analyse of the current state, to create proposals that can increase the attractiveness of education in museums. The importance of the work lies in the creation of proposals in certain localities, which would increase the current number of visitors and leave them with pleasant feelings and impressions, thanks to which they will either return to the locality, or they will recommend a visit to the selected locality to the others. The work is mainly focused on museums, because in most cases, the museums are static in nature and do not attract the visitor enough to return or to recommend the museum. The visitor expects from the locality interactivity, informations presented by modern methods, or basic services (toilets, parking, the possibility of payment by card, the possibility of buying souvenirs, or some delicacies, etc.). The goals and methodology of the work, present the analysis of modern presentation methods and their suitability for use in museums.
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399,258 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Traffic Based Reference State of Charge Planning Method for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and key words: Costs, Simulation, Roads, Stacking, Stability analysis, Real-time systems, Planning. Abstract: An appropriate state of charge (SOC) planning is crucial for improving economics of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). This paper proposed a novel ensemble learning based reference SOC trajectory variation predictor. It can predict the SOC variation of different road segments based on rough traffic information. On this basis, a framework of multi-objective adaptive equivalent consumption minimum strategy (A-ECMS) is introduced. At the long-term global design layer, the proposed method plans the global reference SOC trajectory based on traffic information. In the real-time control layer, a closed-loop controller is used to update equivalent factor according to the error between current SOC and the reference SOC trajectory. Finally, the proposed method is analyzed and compared with the conventional linearly decreased reference SOC planning method. The simulation results prove that the proposed method improves the accuracy and stability of the planned reference SOC trajectory. Moreover, the total cost of the A-ECMS based on the proposed method is reduced by 2.1 % compared to the A-ECMS based on the linearly decreased planning method, which indicates that the reference SOC trajectory planned by the proposed method can effectively reduce the total cost of PHEV.
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399,259 |
Please write an abstract with title: Large-volume Si(Li) orthogonal-strip detectors for Compton-effect-based instruments, and key words: Detectors, Instruments, Diodes, Silicon, Electromagnetic scattering, Particle scattering, Plasma temperature, Strips, Lithography, Plasma applications. Abstract: Recent developments of large-area Si(Li) orthogonal-strip detectors have revealed their capability for applications in Compton-effect-based instruments. Some inherent advantages of silicon such as the dominance of Compton scattering in photon interactions and operation at room or somewhat lower temperature combined with the availability of large-volume Si(Li) detectors could stimulate the development of powerful Compton instruments. Several diodes 10 mm in thickness with a diameter of 102 mm were fabricated. Two 10 mm thick diodes were cut to form a 74 mm/spl times/74 mm square with slightly rounded corners. The same position-sensitive structure, 32 strips with a pitch of 2 mm, was produced on the thin Li-diffused n-contact and boron-implanted p/sup +/-contact by means of photolithography and plasma etched grooves. The position-sensitive area of 64 mm/spl times/64 mm is surrounded by a 5 mm wide guard-ring. One of these 10 mm thick Si(Li) orthogonal-strip detectors has been mounted in a cryostat prepared at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The detector will be extensively tested there with the goal of being integrated into the Compact Si+Ge Compton camera system consisting of this Si(Li) and a HPGe orthogonal-strip detector.
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399,260 |
Please write an abstract with title: IRS-Assisted Short Packet Wireless Energy Transfer and Communications, and key words: Wireless communication, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Signal to noise ratio, Internet of Things, Error probability, Throughput, Energy exchange. Abstract: In this letter, we analyse and optimize an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (uRLLC) system supported by wireless energy transfer (WET) technology, in which short packets are used in both the WET and wireless information transfer (WIT) phases. We first present the statistical features of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system. Then, we derive an approximate closed-form expression of the average packet error probability (APEP). Additionally, we optimize the channel uses in the WET and WIT phases to maximize the effective throughput (ET) of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified by Monte-Carlo simulation.
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399,261 |
Please write an abstract with title: Twin Inverter-Fed Induction Machines Artificial Loading Without Mechanical Coupling, and key words: Loading, Testing, Couplings, Rectifiers, Torque, Inverters, Current measurement. Abstract: This article presents an artificial loading method for induction machines using industrial static frequency converters variable frequency converters (VFCs), low-cost programmable logic controllers for command and control, and standardized communication protocols. Different approaches of artificial loading method are presented in this article. Induction machine full load testing is difficult, especially at high power and almost impossible for vertical axis machines. Mechanized IM start/stop procedure and closed-loop loading method, here presented, reduce overall testing time. The overall manpower cost is reduced thanks to the lack of IMs mechanical coupling. Moreover, thermal test at rated IM current and power losses equivalation are presented in this article. Bi-directional VFC utilization for a single motor cannot always be a solution for artificial loading because of high variations of grid power (voltage). Two identical IMs without mechanical coupling driven by two identical dc bus interconnected VFCs artificial loading method is presented in this article. The power circulation between the machines is performed via the common dc link. This opens the possibility to test machines with rated power larger than the lab power source rating. The rated current artificial loading conditions are achieved without mechanical coupling, without VFC oversizing, and using standard equipment.
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399,262 |
Please write an abstract with title: Toward a massively parallel system for word recognition, and key words: Concurrent computing, Speech processing, Neurons, Computer vision, Computer architecture, Computer networks, Laboratories, Cognitive science, Filters, Vocabulary. Abstract: This paper describes a massively parallel system for word recognition. Based on the connectionist network model adopted from cognitive science and artificial intelligence, the system consists of a large number of simple neuron-like processing units, or nodes, which represent words, phonetic segments, or phonetic features. The computation consists of constant updating of activation levels of all nodes, resulting from the excitatory links and inhibitory links between the nodes. Input to the system consists of frame-by-frame scores of similarity to a set of pre-defined spectral filters, which represents the set of phonetic segments necessary for distinguishing between words in the vocabulary. These similarity scores are combined into phonetic feature indexes for each frame of speech as input to the feature nodes in the network. A linguistic knowledge base is built into the network, allowing both data-driven processing and top-down prediction to cooperate or compete in working toward the correct lexical hypothesis.
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399,263 |
Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Influence Factors and Genre Development Trends of Music Based on PageRank and LSTM Model, and key words: Computers, Heuristic algorithms, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Market research, Prediction algorithms, Software engineering. Abstract: With the development of the new era, music is also developing. When artists create new music, many factors affect them. How to quantify the impact factor and predict the development trend of different genres during the evolution of music is a significant research topic in the current society. Based on the relationship between influencers and followers in the influence_data dataset provided by Integrative Collective Music (ICM), this paper establishes a directed network graph structure to express music influence and uses the PageRank algorithm to dynamically solve the influence degree of influencers on followers to quantify. Impact factor development captures the parameters of "music influence" in this network. And according to the aggregated influence_data dataset, the LSTM (Long Short-term Memory) neural network is established to predict different music genres' development trend. The three types of MAE predicted (Pop/Rock, Country, Jazz), MSE and R2 are MAE (6.675) ,7.843,8.306),MSE(71.879,108.297,103.521),R2(0.762,0.659 ,0.676). The results show that the model can quantify the impact factor very well and achieve good results under these three evaluation indicators.
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399,264 |
Please write an abstract with title: Construction of Intelligent Network for Sports Training Safety Assurance based on Portable Heart Rate Detection Intelligent Equipment, and key words: Training, Text mining, Analytical models, Technical management, Shape measurement, Web and internet services, Safety management. Abstract: This paper uses the incremental learning mechanism and dynamic reduction to optimize the naive Bayesian classification method, and combines text mining technology to propose an optimized network public opinion topic classification model. Apply the improved TF-IDF method to calculate the weight of the words in the Baidu Encyclopedia entry corresponding to the word segmentation, convert the entry into the weight vector of the word segmentation by the entry, and use the cosine similarity to calculate the similarity between the word segmentation. Again from different This paper demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of the construction of postgraduate network ideological and political education carrier. Intelligent analysis model, which can use the deep learning sentiment classification model based on enhanced feature extraction to achieve accurate Chinese text sentiment classification
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399,265 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Coriolis Force Compensated Micro Thermal Convective Accelerometer with Low Crossing Effect, and key words: Micro Thermal Convective Accelerometer, Coriolis Force Compensation, Coupling Effect. Abstract: For the first time, we designed and fabricated a Coriolis-force compensated micro thermal convective accelerometer (CMTCA), which could reduce the Cross-axis sensitivity of a double-aixs MTCA within 2% from 15%. In this design, a couple of compensation detectors are implemented for each of the master detectors. The master detectors are used for acceleration input detecting. By means of this novel structure, the angular input signal could be monitored, which could be used to compensate the cross-axis signal by means of the signal processing circuit simultaneously. This novel design is quite meaningful for improving the accuracy of MTCA and decoupling the signal between acceleration and gyroscope.
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399,266 |
Please write an abstract with title: Cognitive Demand Recognition Modeling Based on Speech Signal Processing, and key words: Predictive models, Feature extraction, Principal component analysis, Psychology, Support vector machines, Speech recognition, Neural networks. Abstract: Prediction of cognitive needs using voice signals is an important subject in information science, management science and sociology, and it is also a very potential research direction. The paper is about the regression prediction of cognitive needs by using speech signal modeling. Its purpose is to find a new cognitive needs assessment model that enables rapid, accurate and non-intrusive assessment of individuals, making up for the lack of timeliness and limited application scope. We obtained the voice data of 240 participants and their cognitive needs scale evaluation results. Then, we use principal component analysis to reduce the dimension of speech features, and use support vector machine, random forest and neural network models to predict cognitive needs. We find that the neural network model not only has the highest prediction accuracy, but also has the most uniform distribution of prediction errors. Through the research, we put forward our own suggestions and prospects for the future research direction of cognitive needs.
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399,267 |
Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of GNSS-R Coverage by a Regional Aircraft Fleet, and key words: Aircraft, Instruments, Extraterrestrial measurements, Global navigation satellite system, Global Positioning System, Airports, Density measurement. Abstract: Airborne GNSS-R instrument systems are typically only utilized for a limited number of aircraft flights to perform experiments, to test new instruments, and to collect data over specific targets (e.g. hurricanes). A new system is currently under development entailing the permanent installation of GNSS-R instruments on a commercial fleet of Air New Zealand Q300 regional aircraft. This novel and ambitious concept offers a fascinating and powerful system for the collection of science information over a large spatial region and short temporal scales. Here we present an exploratory analysis meant to quantify the merit of such a system as applied to these regional aircraft. We use simulations of realistic flight paths combined with GNSS orbit information to simulate GNSS-R measurement coverage. Results in this scenario confirm the exciting potential of a next-generation GNSS-R receiver.
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399,268 |
Please write an abstract with title: Recent developments in flux pinning, and key words: Flux pinning, Frequency locked loops, Pins, Scattering, Lattices, Superconductivity, Electron microscopy, Grain boundaries, History, Laboratories. Abstract: Considerable progress has recently been made regarding two fundamental aspects of flux pinning. A microscopic basis has been given for the elementary interaction potential of defects which are predominantly characterised by their electron scattering cross section. As a result new expressions have been derived for pinning by voids or bubbles, precipitates, and grain boundaries. Secondly, the puzzling threshold paradox for a system of weak, random pins has been resolved by the concept of collective pinning. The central issue of this concept is the positional disorder of the vortex lattice created by the interaction with the pinning centers. The relation between disorder, pin strength, pin density and bulk pinning force is better understood and may allow an estimate for the upper bounds of the critical current. These developments are briefly reviewed in this paper both regarding the theoretical background and their experimental verification.
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399,269 |
Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Soft Computing Techniques to Evade Partial Shading Effects for PV Based Off-Grid System, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Hardware, Sustainable development, Particle swarm optimization, Convergence. Abstract: Awareness regarding the clean environment and increased demand for energy encourages generating power from natural sources. Among all the renewable sources available, generation from solar technology is rapidly growing to meet the energy requirements for various applications due to its ubiquity, sustainability, and plenty of availability. According to the global PV market, 594 GW capacity of PV was installed worldwide in 2019 by replacing the conventional source-based generation plants. However, the main challenge involved in PV generation is to evaluate the Maximum power from the available tracking techniques. Another major complication in the solar array is the non-uniformity of radiations on the PV panel, which descends its performance and is termed partial shading. The partial shading effect on PV Array gives subsequent power loss. The consequences of shading effects are multiple peaks in P-V characteristics that are not deluded using a conventional method such as P & O or Incremental conductance methods. The paper presents ways to overcome the partial shading effect, which involves reconfiguring PV panels and reducing the power disparity evolutionary algorithm particle swarm optimization (PSO) to attain P-V Curves' peak power point
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399,270 |
Please write an abstract with title: Single-Phase Single-Stage Bidirectional DAB AC–DC Converter With Extended ZVS Range and High Efficiency, and key words: Legged locomotion, Bridge circuits, Zero voltage switching, Capacitors, Capacitance, Voltage, Delays. Abstract: Conventional analyzations on the dual active bridge-based single-phase single-stage ac–dc converter relies on the line-piecewise model with which power switches are viewed as ideal and the commutation process between the top and bottom switch in each bridge leg are ignored. Although many soft-switching have been proposed, the effects of the commutation process make them inaccurate because of the difference between the line-piecewise model-based theoretical waveforms and the real ones. In this article, the commutation process is described in view of the nonlinearity of the switch junction capacitance, the commutation delay time and the dead time of each bridge leg. Furthermore, the control variables are compensated with the commutation delay time so that the zero voltage switching (ZVS) range can be extended widely. The variable dead time control helps to achieve critical turn-on, reducing the body diode conduction loss. Finally, a 1-kW prototype is built to evaluate the proposed method can achieve extend ZVS and achieve high conversion efficiency.
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399,271 |
Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Channel 2-D Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Speech Emotion Recognition, and key words: Feature extraction, Convolution, Speech recognition, Logic gates, Emotion recognition, Recurrent neural networks, Computer architecture. Abstract: Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a challenging task in the field of emotion recognition. The performance of SER largely depends on the emotional features extracted from speech. However, the distribution of different emotional features is uneven and linearly combined, and the sensitivity of different emotional features to emotions is also different, which largely limits the accuracy of emotion recognition. In order to solve this problem, a multi-channel 2-D convolutional recurrent neural network model is proposed, which uses the same channel convolution to map different features to the same dimension, and combines the results of each channel to input to the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network extracts global features, and finally uses the attention mechanism to eliminate the influence of silent segments. The experiment is evaluated in two benchmark corpora, and the results show that the designed network has achieved good results in SER, and the average accuracy of IEMOCAP and EMO-DB is 69.51% and 86.42%, respectively.
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399,272 |
Please write an abstract with title: Observing Classes at Técnico (2010-2019): Do observations impact on the quality of teaching?, and key words: Statistical analysis, Engineering education, Monitoring. Abstract: The main objective of the observation of classes project is to promote and improve the pedagogical skills of professors and their professional development. This paper refers to three existing contexts of observation and aims to understand how the class observation process is reflected in the pedagogical performance of teachers over time, using the Quality of Curricular Units (QUC) results in order to provide details about the performance of the teachers in a certain semester. This study focuses on the universe of more than 700 teachers evaluated by QUC, from 2010/2011 to 2019/2020 at Técnico. The statistical analysis demonstrates evidence that there are differences between the pedagogical performance of teachers over the years, namely with an emphasis on moments after the observation of classes has occurred. Qualitative results from the feedback meetings, after every observation process, reveal that class observations are seen as an appropriate means to promote the quality of teaching and the pedagogical development of teachers. More work needs to be done in this area, on the one hand to continue monitoring the professors' achievements and their performance over the years at Técnico, and on the other hand, to identify other variables that influence the pedagogical skills of professors, assessing and improving the positive impact of the classroom observations done by non-peer professionals.
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399,273 |
Please write an abstract with title: Fail-Operational Automotive Software Design Using Agent-Based Graceful Degradation, and key words: Task analysis, Degradation, Vehicle dynamics, Redundancy, Computer architecture, Software. Abstract: Ensuring fail-operational behavior is critical to enable autonomous driving. With the absence of a driver as a fallback in a failure scenario it will not be sufficient to use state-of-the-art fail-safe approaches. Here, instead of costly hardware redundancy, graceful-degradation can be used by repurposing the allocated resources of non-critical applications for safety-critical applications. However, solving the mapping problem with a state-of-the-art design-time analysis leads to semi-static solutions, where the mapping is fixed and the task activation is chosen at run-time. Therefore, such solutions are unsuited for future automotive architectures that will be highly customizable and which will include frequent software updates. In this paper we introduce and analyze the effectiveness of an agent-based approach that finds application mappings at run-time, ensures the fail-operational behaviour of safety-critical applications by using graceful degradation, and reconfigures itself after ECU failures. Our results indicate that the number of tolerated ECU failures until a safety-critical application fails can be significantly improved without adding any redundant hardware resources.
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399,274 |
Please write an abstract with title: Unified Constraint-Based Task Specification for Complex Sensor-Based Robot Systems, and key words: Robot sensing systems, Humanoid robots, Service robots, Industrial control, Force sensors, End effectors, Constraint optimization, Level control, Manipulators, Human robot interaction. Abstract: This paper presents a unified task specification formalism and a unified control scheme for the lowest control level of sensor-based robot tasks. The formalism is based on: (i) the integration of any sensor that provides (direct or indirect) distance (and time derivatives) and force information; (ii) the possibility to use multiple "Tool Centre Points", e.g. defined relative to the robot end effector, other links or the environment; (iii) the integration of optimization functions for underconstrained as well as overconstrained specifications with linear constraints; (iv) the integration of on-line estimators; and (v) compatibility with all major low level control approaches. The unified formalism applies to the whole range from industrial manipulators over cooperating robots to humanoid robots, and from pure position control tasks over industrial processes to interaction between a humanoid robot and its environment.
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399,275 |
Please write an abstract with title: Joint maximum likelihood estimation of time delays and Doppler shifts, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Delay effects, Doppler shift, Delay estimation, Frequency estimation, Amplitude estimation, Antenna arrays, Receiving antennas, Colored noise, Cost function. Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of estimating the amplitudes, time delays and Doppler shifts of a set of known signals received by an array of antennas in temporally white but spatially colored noise. Applying the maximum likelihood approach, the estimation reduces to an optimization problem where the nonlinear parameters such frequency shifts and delays are jointly estimated by means of a minimization over a highly nonlinear cost function, which is derived in this paper. In addition, an iterative algorithm that performs these estimations is also presented.
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399,276 |
Please write an abstract with title: BeFaaS: An Application-Centric Benchmarking Framework for FaaS Platforms, and key words: Automation, Conferences, FAA, Benchmark testing, Tools. Abstract: Following the increasing interest and adoption of FaaS systems, benchmarking frameworks for determining nonfunctional properties have also emerged. While existing (microbenchmark) frameworks only evaluate single aspects of FaaS platforms, a more holistic, application-driven approach is still missing. In this paper, we design and present BeFaaS, an extensible application-centric benchmarking framework for FaaS environments that focuses on the evaluation of FaaS platforms through realistic and typical examples of FaaS applications. BeFaaS includes a built-in e-commerce benchmark, is extensible for new workload profiles and new platforms, supports federated benchmark runs in which the benchmark application is distributed over multiple providers, and supports a fine-grained result analysis. Our evaluation compares three major FaaS providers in single cloud provider setups and shows that BeFaaS is capable of running each benchmark automatically with minimal configuration effort and providing detailed insights for each interaction.
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399,277 |
Please write an abstract with title: Miniaturized Wide Bandwidth Antenna Array with Meta-material Decoupling Structure, and key words: Antenna arrays, MIMO communication, Couplings, Antenna radiation patterns, Metamaterials, Periodic structures. Abstract: In this paper, a 2 × 1 MIMO antenna array with low coupling based on a wheel like meta-material decoupling structure is proposed and optimized. By placing the proposed decoupling structure between the two patch antenna elements, the designed MIMO antenna array has not only good performance but also high isolation. The numerical results show that the proposed MIMO antenna array has a wide bandwidth covering the X-band. By using the proposed wheel-like meta-material decoupling structure, the isolation between the MIMO antenna elements are improved to be better than -20 dB. Thus, the proposed decoupling structure can be used for X-band MIMO antenna array applications with good radiation characteristics, wide bandwidth, high isolation.
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399,278 |
Please write an abstract with title: Optimized Underwater Manipulator Path Planning to Minimize The Disturbance on Robot, and key words: Robot motion, Torque, Heuristic algorithms, Perturbation methods, Manipulators, Stability analysis, Real-time systems. Abstract: The movement of the underwater manipulator during floating tasks introduces large perturbations to the robot body state. We presents an online path finding and trajectory generation method for an underwater manipulator in such a scenario. The goal of the path planning in this paper is to cause the smallest possible variation in disturbance moments to the robot body during the movement of the robotic arm. Initially, disturbance graphs are obtained for different combinations of robot arm joint angles. A graph search algorithm is then used to find the initial trajectory. In order to make the trajectory smoother and to match the dynamics of the robot, polynomials are used to optimise the trajectory and information on the derivatives of the polynomials is further utilised to constrain the trajectory. To illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, the algorithm proposed in this paper is compared with conventional motion planning methods performing the same task in a simulated environment, and the results show that our approach brings the least variation in disturbance moments.
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399,279 |
Please write an abstract with title: Assessment of Extreme Communication Environment With Ultralow SNR: A Benchmark, and key words: Receivers, Jamming, Speech processing, Interference, Speech recognition, Signal to noise ratio, Communication channels. Abstract: Accurate estimation of subjective assessment plays an essential role in not only speech quality perception, but also communication environment assessment. Traditional speech quality perception is almost always with an environment, in which the content of speech can be heard clearly. Unlike speech quality assessment, in extreme communication environment with ultralow SNR, like short wave channel with active jamming, speech intelligibility is impaired. Under this condition, subjective assessment as absolute category ranking (ACR) whose scores are made by experienced staffs, and many objective measurements cannot handle this situation. In this paper, we propose information damage level (IDL) to replace subjective ACR as subjective assessment. IDL is the average of scores which is marked on the subjective recognition rate. Under extreme communication environment, it can effectively avoid excessive differences from people to people to some extent. We also provide a new dataset collected in an environment with active jamming, whose speech files are recoded under three different environments, named as indoor simulation environment (EN1), outdoor simulation environment (EN2), and outdoor real environment (EN3). We also benchmark a novel open framework on random forest for direct predicting subjective assessment by combining all possible objective measurements. Experiment results prove the effectiveness of our open framework together with our dataset.
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399,280 |
Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of a novel optical 3R regenerator using a cascade of SOA based NOLM and double-stage wavelength converters, and key words: Repeaters, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Optical wavelength conversion, Optical filters, Optical pumping, Degradation, Nonlinear optics, Erbium, Optical signal processing, Signal analysis. Abstract: This paper theoretically studies a new 3R all-optical regenerator at 10 Gbit/s, showing how degraded data can be regenerated. Such a study could be useful in the device use in all-optical signal processing.
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399,281 |
Please write an abstract with title: MTW-OPAL—A Technology Development Platform for Ultra-Intense All-OPCPA Systems, and key words: Electrooptic effects. Abstract: Activation results will be presented for MTW-OPAL, a new all-OPCPA laser using technologies suitable for kilojoule-femtosecond systems, highlighting 140-nm-wide amplification in DKDP to >10 J with 30% efficiency and subsequent recompression to 20 fs.
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399,282 |
Please write an abstract with title: P-wave Detection Using a Parallel Convolutional Neural Network in Electrocardiogram, and key words: Training, Sensitivity, Neural networks, Manuals, Electrocardiography, Signal processing, Feature extraction. Abstract: P-wave is one of the most important waveforms in electrocardiogram (ECG), and an accurate P-wave detection method is of great significance for the automatic diagnosis of arrhythmia diseases. Recent attempts to detect P-wave have been reported in the literature, but distinguishing the absence or presence of P-wave has been a challenge in the research of ECG diagnosis. This study introduces a novel parallel convolutional neural network (CNN) method for P-wave detection. The obtained result shows that the proposed method achieves 99.04%, 99.28% for the sensitivity and accuracy on the QT Database (QTDB), respectively. It is demonstrated that the proposed parallel convolutional neural network can be adopted for automatic detection of P-wave, which is more helpful for the automatic classification of arrhythmia diseases.
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399,283 |
Please write an abstract with title: ORBIT: A Real-World Few-Shot Dataset for Teachable Object Recognition, and key words: Training, Technological innovation, Computer vision, Face recognition, Benchmark testing, Orbits, Robustness. Abstract: Object recognition has made great advances in the last decade, but predominately still relies on many high-quality training examples per object category. In contrast, learning new objects from only a few examples could enable many impactful applications from robotics to user personalization. Most few-shot learning research, however, has been driven by benchmark datasets that lack the high variation that these applications will face when deployed in the real-world. To close this gap, we present the ORBIT dataset and benchmark, grounded in the real-world application of teachable object recognizers for people who are blind/low-vision. The dataset contains 3,822 videos of 486 objects recorded by people who are blind/low-vision on their mobile phones. The benchmark reflects a realistic, highly challenging recognition problem, providing a rich playground to drive research in robustness to few-shot, high-variation conditions. We set the benchmark’s first state-of-the-art and show there is massive scope for further innovation, holding the potential to impact a broad range of real-world vision applications including tools for the blind/low-vision community. We release the dataset at https://doi.org/10.25383/city.14294597 and benchmark code at https://github.com/microsoft/ORBIT-Dataset.
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399,284 |
Please write an abstract with title: Doping challenges in exploratory devices for high performance logic, and key words: Doping, Logic devices, High K dielectric materials, Silicon on insulator technology, CMOS logic circuits, Dielectric materials, Inorganic materials, CMOS process, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys. Abstract: This paper presents an outlook for doping processes in high performance logic as new device structures and materials are introduced with the hope of continuing CMOS device performance improvements into the 10-20 nm channel length regime. Materials and structures that are considered interesting in this scaling work are strained silicon and strained silicon grown on silicon germanium, ultra thin silicon on insulator (SOI) materials, high-k dielectrics and metal gates, and double gated MOSFETs. Ramifications of using these materials on implant and doping technologies will be discussed.
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399,285 |
Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Application of Augmented Reality Technology in TV Programs, and key words: TV, Augmented reality, Media, Internet, Visualization, Production, Real-time systems. Abstract: Augmented reality technology is a technology that integrates real world information and virtual world information. The application of augmented reality technology in TV programs is to simulate and display some video, audio, even taste, environmental atmosphere, etc. that are difficult to experience in the real world through computer technology, so that users can pass visual, auditory, and taste And touch. In the field of television production, from the teletext system in the 1990s to the virtual studio system and real-time virtual implantation system, TV workers have been using technical means to superimpose different virtual information on the video images taken by the camera Above. TV practitioners use ar technology to present the audience with more brilliant pictures, richer information, and more refined TV pictures. At this stage, the augmented reality production technology emphasized in the field of television production is mainly visual augmented reality technology. This is a technology based on real-time tracking the position of the image taken by the camera, and superimposing the corresponding video, audio, graphic information in real time through the computer system. This technology can superimpose virtual information on the TV screen to the real world. The ordinary TV screen not only displays real-world information, but also displays virtual information at the same time. The two kinds of information complement and superimpose each other, and even through elaborate program creative design, a good interaction effect between the real world and the virtual world can be achieved, which ultimately makes it difficult for viewers to distinguish between the virtual world and the real world in front of the TV screen.
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399,286 |
Please write an abstract with title: Document knowledge representation using description logics for information extraction and querying, and key words: Knowledge representation, Logic, Data mining, Lattices, Taxonomy, Information retrieval, Mathematical model, Information analysis, Frequency, Statistics. Abstract: The document representation is an important aspect of both information retrieval and information extraction. In this paper the bag of words representation of documents is enriched with lexical, conceptual and contextual relationships. In order to effectively represent and inference with this representation, a mathematical model is required. In this work, the enhanced interrelated set of bag of words that is semantically lattice of words is represented using description logic. The conceptual taxonomy extracted using WordNet can be represented naturally using DL. The DL also provides consistency, satisfiability, instance checking, subsumption services to semantically extend the initial enhanced lattice of words. The contextual knowledge can be extracted by syntactic patterns, dependency relations and heuristics. Tourist and sports domains are taken for the implementation of this work. This knowledge extracted and represented can be used in applications like information retrieval and information extraction.
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399,287 |
Please write an abstract with title: Metaheuristic Optimized Extreme Gradient Boosting for Solar Flare Prediction, and key words: Solar flare, Extreme gradient boosting, Reptile Search Algorithm, Metaheuristics, Swarm Intelligence. Abstract: Intense electromagnetic activity on the Sun’s surface can lead to events known as solar flares that often lead to mass ejections and other solar events. Sufficiently powerful solar events can make it to the Earth and interfere with telecommunication systems. Notably energetic events can even affect satellite and ground communication infrastructure potentially causing massive damage. Extensive monitoring systems in combination with robust forecasting techniques can be used as an early warning system to minimize potential damage. This work proposes a method based on extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) applied to solar flare classification. As the performance of XGBoost heavily relies on adequate hyperparameter selection, a modified metaheuristic algorithm is also introduced to tune network hyperparameters. The introduced approach has been evaluated on a real-world dataset and a comparative analysis has been carried out against several contemporary algorithms tackling the same task under identical conditions. The introduced approach has attained promising outcomes.
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399,288 |
Please write an abstract with title: Issues with Current Pm Monitoring Techniques and Control Measures and the Way Forward Using Big Data, and key words: Density measurement, Atmospheric measurements, Current measurement, Conferences, Big Data, Position measurement, Ventilation. Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) emissions generated in the construction industry have become a critical concern for human health.
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399,289 |
Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Deep Level Traps on the Performance of E-Mode Recessed Gate GaN Double-Channel MOS-HEMT, and key words: Performance evaluation, Power system measurements, Metals, Logic gates, HEMTs, Heterojunctions, Reliability engineering. Abstract: Multiple channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors (MOS-HEMTs) devices are extensively studied due to their improved power density and performances along with the CMOS compatibility. Recessed gate structure enables E-mode operation with some performance drawbacks. Combining both technologies provides an opportunity to utilize the advantages of both with optimized performance. For better understanding of the Double Channel (DC) Recessed Gate MOS HEMT’s characteristics and economic fabrication, it is important to understand the heterojunction channel interfaces and their effect on device performance with respect to different operating conditions. In this study, a DC-MOS-HEMTs with gate recess is simulated and its 2DEG Density, electrostatic, transfer and transport properties are characterized. Deep Level Acceptor type channel interface traps are introduced at both channels and their effects on the HEMT device performance are studied and explained in detailed manner. From the analysis, it has been found that trap density at one channel does not have impact on the 2DEG carrier density of the other channel. However, trap density at any channel affects the on-voltage of both channels.
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399,290 |
Please write an abstract with title: High quality /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ thin films formed by MBE for innovative solar cells, and key words: Optical films, Substrates, Photovoltaic cells, Molecular beam epitaxial growth, Semiconductor films, Crystalline materials, Optical materials, Costs, Semiconductor thin films, Silicon. Abstract: In order to explore the possibility of iron-disilicide (/spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/) material for low cost and high conversion efficiency solar cells, high quality /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ thin films have been formed by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique with silicon (Si) wafers as the substrates. The surface morphology, the crystal structure, the depth profile of element constitution and the optical and electrical properties of the films were systematically evaluated by using SEM, TEM, XRD, RBS, SIMS, optical transmission and Hall effect measurements, respectively. A high quality thin template layer was found essential for epitaxial growth of single crystal /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ and for preventing the interdiffusion of Si and Fe at the film/substrate interface. A /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ film was also successfully formed on CaF/sub 2/ for the first time, suggesting the multiple choices of substrates. Manufactured devices showed that /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ is practically a promising semiconductor for making solar cells.
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399,291 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Design and Application of Substation Secondary System Operation Control Platform Based on Multi Information, and key words: Visualization, Substations, Automation, Systems operation, Maintenance engineering, Reliability engineering, Control systems. Abstract: The substation secondary system operation and maintenance management and control platform takes the idea of multiple information fusion analysis and makes full use of the diversity of equipment model, operation data, status information, function information, configuration parameters, correlation, business rights and responsibilities of the secondary system, aiming at panoramic visual monitoring, remote comprehensive inspection, model parameter management and control, remote operation and maintenance, early warning diagnosis Conduct research on condition assessment and asset management, build a substation secondary system operation control platform for regulation, maintenance, operation and local operation, provide accurate and diverse visual operation monitoring technology, reliable and rich operation and maintenance means, improve the technical level of substation secondary system operation and maintenance, and reduce the workload of substation operation and maintenance business, Improve the safety and reliability of substation secondary system operation, and promote the development of substation operation, maintenance and professional management in the direction of automation, standardization, remoteness and intelligence.
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399,292 |
Please write an abstract with title: Work in progress - integration of new tools and technologies in electronics teaching, and key words: Education, Electromagnetic interference, Internet, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation, Analytical models, Semiconductor device noise, Distance learning, Educational technology, Electronic components. Abstract: Nowadays the methods to learn electronics are changing, improving and adapting to new tools and possibilities that offer us new technologies like Internet. Simulation in electronics improves the activities in design of electronic circuits. Students can learn and design their own circuits. They can carry out, check, analyze and make their practices of the course in electronics applying several simulators with computer. Languages like VHDL present us a new form of designing and simulating digital electronics like a description language. New forms of adapting distance education like multimedia courses in Internet, new educational platforms like IPSS/spl I.bar/EE (Internet-based performance system support with educational elements) are configuring new methods of learning based in task instead of classic study's methods. The DIEEC (Electrical and Computer Engineering Department) and MIDE (methods of investigation and diagnosis in the education) of UNED (Spanish University for Distance Education) in Spain are working to adapt all new methods and possibilities of electronics in learning and to evaluate the quality of the new methods.
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399,293 |
Please write an abstract with title: Low-Frequency Data Prediction With Iterative Learning for Highly Nonlinear Inverse Scattering Problems, and key words: Data models, Predictive models, Training, Receivers, Permittivity, Inverse problems, Image reconstruction. Abstract: In this work, we present a deep-learning-based low-frequency (LF) data prediction scheme to solve the highly nonlinear inverse scattering problem (ISP) with strong scatterers. The nonlinearity of ISP is alleviated by introducing the LF components in full-wave inversion. In this scheme, a deep neural network (DNN) is trained to predict the absent LF scattered field data from the measured high-frequency (HF) data. Then, a frequency-hopping technique is applied to invert the predicted LF data and measured HF data, where the inverted LF model is served as an initial guess for the HF data inversion. In this way, the risk of HF data inversion getting trapped in local minima is largely reduced. Furthermore, an iterative training method is employed to continuously update the DNN based on the previous inverted model to predict more accurate LF data, thereby improving the reconstruction result. Both synthetic and experimental results are performed to verify the efficacy of this scheme.
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399,294 |
Please write an abstract with title: The solution of ill-scaled circuit equations, and key words: Equations, Limit-cycles, Digital filters, Very large scale integration, Brazil Council, Quantization, Fabrication, Circuit stability, Digital control, Linear systems. Abstract: Due to the wide spread of element values and differing dimensions of quantities appearing in linear systems describing circuits, the systems can often become quite ill-scaled. Commonly used pivoting strategies can fail badly in such cases. It is pointed out that an accurate way to solve these ill-scaled systems is by iterative improvement in single precision.
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399,295 |
Please write an abstract with title: Time-Switching Energy Harvesting Communications: Harvesting Beneficialness and Performance Evaluation, and key words: Batteries, System performance, Transmitters, Energy harvesting, Wireless communication, Protocols, Performance analysis. Abstract: This paper focuses on the performance analysis of point-to-point communication, where the source node is powered with a fixed-power battery as well as a harvest-use battery. A time-switching scheme is implemented such that in each time frame the source either harvests energy or sends information to the destination node. Since switching takes place within a communication time frame, energy harvesting may not necessarily be beneficial in terms of improving the maximum achievable spectral efficiency or the energy efficiency of system. Here, we investigate and provide conditions under which harvesting can improve the system performance. We consider a scenario where the transmission power from the fixed battery is constant. Closed-form expressions for the conditions under which energy harvesting is proven beneficial are provided. The effects of important parameters, namely, time switching parameter, circuit powers, and harvested energy, on the system performance and on the condition for harvesting beneficialness, are investigated and discussed.
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399,296 |
Please write an abstract with title: Power Relay Module Based Charging Function Extension for Standard Wireless Charger, and key words: Coils, Wireless communication, Couplings, Transmitters, Prototypes, Voltage, Receivers. Abstract: Owing to the merits such as higher convenience and safety, the inductive power transfer has been increasingly popular to wireless charging applications. The corresponding standards such as Qi further promote and guide the design of wireless chargers. However, a standardized transmitter usually fails to charge a device with mismatched size. This paper explores the power relay module to extend the charging function. Two coils in the relay module are utilized to rebuild an efficient power transfer path and address the size mismatch issue. The bottom relay coil efficiently absorbs power from transmitter through a strong coupling, and then transfers power to the top relay coil with wired connection. The top relay coil then excites a magnetic field and delivers power to the receiver. The two relay coils can be customized with the identical sizes of transmitter and receiver respectively, and significantly improve the power transfer efficiency. In the relay module, the high-order compensation network is applied to help to ensure the load-independent output voltage for the device. Finally, based on the proposed method, a 20 V/20 V 30-W prototype is built. The nearly constant output voltage and 88% peak efficiency are achieved.
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399,297 |
Please write an abstract with title: A four-phase 16/12 structure switched reluctance motor drive system, and key words: Reluctance motors, Rotors, Stator windings, Coils, Detectors, Circuits, Inductance, Induction motors, Electromagnetic induction, Torque. Abstract: The paper presents a four-phase 16/12 structure switched reluctance motor drive. The construction of the stator and the rotor in the motor, the scheme of the rotor position detector and the main circuit of the power converter are given. Three patterns for the structure of one phase winding are described. Based on three patterns for the structure of one phase winding, the maximum value of the phase inductance, the electric loading of the motor, the rated average electromagnetic torque, the turn numbers of the coil in per stator pole and the relationship between the turn numbers of the coil in per stator pole with the different patterns for the structure of one phase winding are presented.
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399,298 |
Please write an abstract with title: International Summer School on the Internet of Things, and key words: Seminars, Laboratories, Education, Prototypes, Companies, Internet of Things, Hybrid learning. Abstract: The “International Summer School on the Internet of Things” was organised by the Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering to teach a multidisciplinary approach to Engineering students. Each year over 60 international students attend this annual event. The three-week program includes a seminar with presentations from leading Industrial companies, practical based laboratories and Industrial visits. Teaching includes blended learning and problem based projects where students present their prototype designs.
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399,299 |
Please write an abstract with title: Text-Free Non-Parallel Many-To-Many Voice Conversion Using Normalising Flow, and key words: Degradation, Training, Schedules, Filtering, Conferences, Entertainment industry, Signal processing. Abstract: Non-parallel voice conversion (VC) is typically achieved using lossy representations of the source speech. However, ensuring only speaker identity information is dropped whilst all other information from the source speech is retained is a large challenge. This is particularly challenging in the scenario where at inference-time we have no knowledge of the text being read, i.e., text-free VC. To mitigate this, we investigate information-preserving VC approaches.Normalising flows have gained attention for text-to-speech synthesis, however have been under-explored for VC. Flows utilize invertible functions to learn the likelihood of the data, thus provide a lossless encoding of speech. We investigate normalising flows for VC in both text-conditioned and text-free scenarios. Furthermore, for text-free VC we compare pre-trained and jointly-learnt priors. Flow-based VC evaluations show no degradation between text-free and text-conditioned VC, resulting in improvements over the state-of-the-art. Also, joint-training of the prior is found to negatively impact text-free VC quality.
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