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Please write an abstract with title: Control Barrier Function-based Lateral Control of Autonomous Vehicle for Roundabout Crossing, and key words: Limiting, Simulation, Stability analysis, Safety, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Quadratic programming, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: A lateral control scheme is presented to control Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) utilizing the nonlinear dynamics of the vehicle, based on the concepts of Control Lyapunov Functions (CLFs) to enforce stability and High Order Control Barrier Functions (HOCBFs) to impose safety constraints for the vehicle. The control input is then calculated using Quadratic Programming (QP) optimization while limiting the control input due to vehicle limitations and passenger comfort at a roundabout crossing. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed lateral controller.
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399,001 |
Please write an abstract with title: Effects of foam on ocean surface microwave emission inferred from radiometric observations of reproducible breaking waves, and key words: Surface waves, Sea surface, Microwave radiometry, Ocean temperature, Satellite broadcasting, Brightness temperature, Wind speed, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Geophysical measurements. Abstract: WindSat, the first satellite polarimetric microwave radiometer, and the NPOESS Conical Microwave Imager/Sounder both have as a key objective the retrieval of the ocean surface wind vector from radiometric brightness temperatures. Available observations and models to date show that the wind direction signal is only 1-3 K peak-to-peak at 19 and 37 GHz, much smaller than the wind speed signal. In order to obtain sufficient accuracy for reliable wind direction retrieval, uncertainties in geophysical modeling of the sea surface emission on the order of 0.2 K need to be removed. The surface roughness spectrum has been addressed by many studies, but the azimuthal signature of the microwave emission from breaking waves and foam has not been adequately addressed. Recently, a number of experiments have been conducted to quantify the increase in sea surface microwave emission due to foam. Measurements from the Floating Instrumentation Platform indicated that the increase in ocean surface emission due to breaking waves may depend on the incidence and azimuth angles of observation. The need to quantify this dependence motivated systematic measurement of the microwave emission from reproducible breaking waves as a function of incidence and azimuth angles. A number of empirical parameterizations of whitecap coverage with wind speed were used to estimate the increase in brightness temperatures measured by a satellite microwave radiometer due to wave breaking in the field of view. These results provide the first empirically based parameterization with wind speed of the effect of breaking waves and foam on satellite brightness temperatures at 10.8, 19, and 37 GHz.
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399,002 |
Please write an abstract with title: Machine learning based meta-models for sensorless thermal load prediction, and key words: Temperature sensors, Heating systems, Temperature distribution, Time series analysis, Thermomechanical processes, Machine learning, Data models. Abstract: Lifetime of electronic systems depends various factors determined during product development stage, e.g. design, materials, quality of components and manufacturing. In the field, the load of the system leads to degradation affects the remaining useful life of the product. In this work, we focus on thermal load conditions. The thermal load is induced externally by ambient temperature and internally due to heat generated by operation of components. In most consumer use cases external load is a constant room temperature. In industry, e.g. automotive or aviation, the external load shows strong fluctuation and appears in cycles. The heat loss during operation causes superposition of internal and external thermal loads distributed over the system. Our goal is to create a meta-model that allows the calculation of temperature at various points of interest in the system based on virtual sensors in these points. The model is trained based on experimental data with attached thermal sensors in the points of interest. A temperature chamber provides ambient temperature cycles in a range of -50 to 50 °C, resulting in maximum CPU temperatures of 95 °C. A program running on the system stresses the CPU of the system to certain load levels. These load levels cause heat loss in the CPU, which is distributed to the system.The results are time series for the CPU load, CPU temperature, ambient temperature and temperatures of the attached thermos couples. We test several mathematical and machine learning approach to obtain the temperature in the points of interest, which are the outputs of the models. CPU load, ambient temperature (and in some cases CPU temperature) serve as inputs. In further research attempts, we run the experiment to failure of components. Based on these data, models can be extended to calculate the remaining useful life of the system.
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399,003 |
Please write an abstract with title: Far-infrared cyclotron resonance study of neutral impurity scattering in GaAs, and key words: Impurities, Scattering, Gallium arsenide, Cyclotrons, Finite impulse response filters, Silicon, Magnetic fields. Abstract: Photoexcited FIR laser cyclotron resonance has been able to separate electron-neutral donor and electron-neutral acceptor scattering rates in GaAs. The former is found to be nearly twenty times as large as the latter at 4.2 K.
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399,004 |
Please write an abstract with title: On applications of linear prediction filtering to small wavelength Doppler weather radar signal processing, and key words: Nonlinear filters, Filtering, Meteorological radar, Radar signal processing, Frequency estimation, Adaptive filters, Signal to noise ratio, Testing, Noise cancellation, Adaptive signal processing. Abstract: This paper examines the problem of reduced signal-to-noise ratios in small wavelength (2 cm) Doppler weather radars. Using adaptive linear prediction filters, two solutions to the noise problem are presented. Through simulation techniques, an adaptive mean frequency estimator, based on Griffiths' method of instantaneous frequency measurement, is tested and compared to the pulse pair estimator. It is shown that when both the adaptive and pulse pair estimators are used on narrowband signals (sampled at the pulse repetition frequency) the pulse pair method is superior. However, when the adaptive estimator is tested on signals sampled at the radar's intermediate frequency, the adaptive method has a smaller variance. Finally, the use of an adaptive noise canceller is shown to significantly increase signal-to-noise ratios and improve the pulse pair estimator's quality when the adaptive noise canceller is used as a preprocessor before sampling at PRE rates. In both of the adaptive filtering cases, it is noted that the non-stationarities associated with airborne weather radar implementations do not affect filter performance since adaptive filtering techniques have the ability to track changes in the input signal's statistics.
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399,005 |
Please write an abstract with title: Stable Microwave Source Using High Overtone Bulk Resonators, and key words: Optical resonators, Frequency, Transducers, Crystalline materials, Tuning, Vibration measurement, Geometrical optics, Optical interferometry, Couplings, Research and development. Abstract: The high overtone bulk acoustic resonator (HBAR) provides the basis for stable microwave sources. The HBAR's high Q, closely spaced, periodic resonances provide stabilization for multiple frequency microwave sources. Recently an L-band source with 5 MHz channels has been developed. This HBAR source has phase noise performance equivalent to that of sources based on low frequency quartz crystal stabilization and multiplication, but it requires only a fraction of the hardware.
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399,006 |
Please write an abstract with title: A 2K/8K mode small-area FFT processor for OFDM demodulation of DVB-T receivers, and key words: OFDM, Demodulation, Digital video broadcasting, Random access memory, Fast Fourier transforms, Pipeline processing, Throughput, Delay, Feedback, Energy consumption. Abstract: We present a novel implementation for 2K/8K dual-mode FFT (fast Fourier transform) for OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) of DVB-T (digital video broadcasting terrestrial) receivers. Besides pipelining the FFT to reduce the area and enhance the data throughput, SDF (single-path delay feedback) butterfly units for radix-2 and radix-4 processing are adopted to resolve the power consumption difficulty and the P&R (place and route) problem. The SRAM is used in the butterfly units to relax the auto-refreshing requirement if DRAM is used such that not only is the dynamic power saved, the timing control is also less stingy. The 2K/8K FFT comprises 5/6 cascaded stages of radix-4 and one stage of radix-2 butterfly units. The proposed design is carried out by 0.35 /spl mu/m 2P4M CMOS process to verify the high processing 8 MHz rate with power dissipation as low as 535 mW at a 16 MHz system clock.
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399,007 |
Please write an abstract with title: Measures of Test Effectiveness in a Communications Satellite Program, and key words: Artificial satellites, Circuit testing, Qualifications, System testing, Space vehicles, Hardware, Failure analysis, Costs, Extraterrestrial measurements, Vehicle safety. Abstract: A framework for establishing test-effectiveness criteria can be developed by analyzing the test experience of a satellite program. Such criteria can then be used to design an optimal test plan for future application. This paper reviews a typical acceptance test profile and uses a hypothetical example to illustrate a failure distribution scenario during acceptance testing. A method for improving test effectiveness is outlined.
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399,008 |
Please write an abstract with title: JINI/J2EE bridge for large-scale IP phone services, and key words: Bridges, Large-scale systems, Computer architecture, Books, Application software, Internet telephony, Hardware, World Wide Web, Software engineering, IP networks. Abstract: Current IP phone architectures which bring phone services to a distributed open environment are relatively static and do not scale well. An IP phone environment should be more dynamic. Using Jini to be middleware for IP phone services will make the IP phone environment more portable, easier to deploy and straightforward to extend. However, many global applications with complex business logic and potentially thousands of concurrent users are developed on J2EE compliant platforms. On the one hand, J2EE is a framework to support large-scale systems while Jini is for small to medium-scale applications. On the other hand, J2EE provides a centralized service whereas Jini offers loosely-coupled federations with dynamic administration. We propose an architecture called JINI/J2EE bridge for marrying these two technologies, and allowing J2EE applications to be accessed by Jini.
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399,009 |
Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Sensing Data Fusion for Human Activity Recognition based on Neuromorphic Computing, and key words: Neuromorphic engineering, Radar measurements, Data integration, Radar, Activity recognition, Sensor fusion, Radar signal processing. Abstract: This paper proposes a multi-sensing Human Activity Recognition framework, which uses Neuromorphic computing to processing from Sensors and Radars of different type signals for data fusion and classification. At this point, Inertial Measurement Unit sensors and Universal Software-defined Radio Peripheral, and Radar devices are used to collect human activities signals separately. The feature extraction and selection process the sensors signal to dimension reduction without time factor by design an attention mechanism. And then, following Expectation-Maximization calculation to achieve a binary feature pattern that fits the discrete Hopfield neural network input. Depend on the Neuromorphic computing of associative memory function and similarity calculation to the neurons’ feedback output. It finally achieves human activity recognition with one-shot learning. There are explores multi-sensing human activity recognition between limited dataset and ensures accuracy without dropping. The technique can be extended to include more hardware signal processing to the system.
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399,010 |
Please write an abstract with title: Deep Neural Networks for Human Activity Recognition With Wearable Sensors: Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross-Validation for Model Selection, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Support vector machines, Neurons, Activity recognition, Convolutional neural networks, Forestry, Machine learning. Abstract: Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been attracting significant research attention because of the increasing availability of environmental and wearable sensors for collecting HAR data. In recent years, deep learning approaches have demonstrated a great success due to their ability to model complex systems. However, these models are often evaluated on the same subjects as those used to train the model; thus, the provided accuracy estimates do not pertain to new subjects. Occasionally, one or a few subjects are selected for the evaluation, but such estimates highly depend on the subjects selected for the evaluation. Consequently, this paper examines how well different machine learning architectures make generalizations based on a new subject(s) by using Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross-Validation (LOSOCV). Changing the subject used for the evaluation in each fold of the cross-validation, LOSOCV provides subject-independent estimate of the performance for new subjects. Six feed forward and convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures as well as four pre-processing scenarios have been considered. Results show that CNN architecture with two convolutions and one-dimensional filter accompanied by a sliding window and vector magnitude, generalizes better than other architectures. For the same CNN, the accuracy improves from 85.1% when evaluated with LOSOCV to 99.85% when evaluated with the traditional 10-fold cross-validation, demonstrating the importance of using LOSOCV for the evaluation.
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399,011 |
Please write an abstract with title: An analysis of piecewise homogeneous dielectric rod antennas, and key words: Dielectrics, Antennas and propagation, Dipole antennas, Scattering, Loaded waveguides, Reflection, Antenna accessories, Antenna theory, Jacobian matrices, Immune system. Abstract: The radiation characteristic of piecewise homogeneous dielectric rod antennas is studied by using the volume equivalence principle. Experimental results are presented for comparison.
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399,012 |
Please write an abstract with title: Bright and dark Bragg solitons in a fiber Bragg grating, and key words: Solitons, Bragg gratings, Nonlinear equations, Fiber gratings, Schrodinger equation, Photonic band gap, Optical propagation, Physics, Frequency, Periodic structures. Abstract: We investigate the nonlinear pulse propagation through the fiber Bragg grating structure where the pulse dynamics are governed by the nonlinear-coupled mode (NLCM) equations. Using multiple scale analysis, we reduce the NLCM equations into the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger (PNLS) type equation. To construct the bright and dark Bragg solitons in the upper and lower branches of the dispersion curve, we solve the PNLS equation using the coupled amplitude-phase method.
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399,013 |
Please write an abstract with title: A New Framework for the Time- and Frequency-Domain Assessment of High-Order Interactions in Networks of Random Processes, and key words: Physiology, Time measurement, Random variables, Time series analysis, Redundancy, Pressure measurement, Entropy. Abstract: While the standard network description of complex systems is based on quantifying the link between pairs of system units, higher-order interactions (HOIs) involving three or more units often play a major role in governing the collective network behavior. This work introduces a new approach to quantify pairwise and HOIs for multivariate rhythmic processes interacting across multiple time scales. We define the so-called O-information rate (OIR) as a new metric to assess HOIs for multivariate time series, and present a framework to decompose the OIR into measures quantifying Granger-causal and instantaneous influences, as well as to expand all measures in the frequency domain. The framework exploits the spectral representation of vector autoregressive and state space models to assess the synergistic and redundant interaction among groups of processes, both in specific bands of interest and in the time domain after whole-band integration. Validation of the framework on simulated networks illustrates how the spectral OIR can highlight redundant and synergistic HOIs emerging at specific frequencies, which cannot be detected using time-domain measures. The applications to physiological networks described by heart period, arterial pressure and respiration variability measured in healthy subjects during a protocol of paced breathing, and to brain networks described by electrocorticographic signals acquired in an animal experiment during anesthesia, document the capability of our approach to identify informational circuits relevant to well-defined cardiovascular oscillations and brain rhythms and related to specific physiological mechanisms involving autonomic control and altered consciousness. The proposed framework allows a hierarchically-organized evaluation of time- and frequency-domain interactions in dynamic networks mapped by multivariate time series, and its high flexibility and scalability make it suitable for the investigation of networks beyond pairwise interactions in neuroscience, physiology and many other fields.
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399,014 |
Please write an abstract with title: A 435-MHz 24-dBm class AB power amplifier in 0.5-/spl mu/m standard CMOS, and key words: Power amplifiers, Power generation, Parasitic capacitance, Packaging, Circuit simulation, Linearity, Voltage, CMOS process, Transceivers, High power amplifiers. Abstract: A UHF CMOS class AB power amplifier (PA) at 435MHz is presented. The amplifier was fabricated in 0.5/spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The amplifier is able to deliver an output power of 24dBm to a 5/spl Omega/ load from a 2.5-V supply with power added efficiency (PAE) of 41 %.
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399,015 |
Please write an abstract with title: Sporadic fuzzy temporal associations, and key words: Joining processes, Data mining, Information analysis, Computer science, Transaction databases, Algorithm design and analysis, Fuzzy sets. Abstract: The objective of data mining is to discover relationships among the data in a database. Temporal information can be used to provide a linear ordering on the occurrence of events, to determine inter-event relevance, and to link events in a data stream. The use of event linking extends the type of relationships that can be discovered. Standard market-basket analysis identifies co-occurrence in single transactions. Linking permits the discovery of relationships that occur among groups of events rather than strictly within a single event. Events may be linked by the source of the information, by relevancy constraints, and by duration. In this paper, we examine modifications to the a priori data mining algorithm suitable for identifying relationships in temporal data defined using event linking and fuzzy relevance constraints.
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399,016 |
Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of 5G Waveform - Pruned DFT Spread FBMC with Real Time Fading Conditions, and key words: Peak to average power ratio, Discrete Fourier transforms, Quadrature amplitude modulation, 5G mobile communication, Fading channels. Abstract: The requirements of 5G wireless communication systems are low PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio), low latency, high throughput, low computational complexity and high spectral efficiency. All these requirements are not satisfied with one technique because in 5G there is a tradeoff between these requirements. OFDM has the drawbacks of high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), less spectral efficiency and SC-FDMA is having an advantage of Low PAPR and having all the drawbacks of OFDM. To overcome all these drawbacks, an innovative modulation technique namely Pruned DFT incorporate with one tap scaling has been suggested by Ronald Nissel et.al by combining the advantages of FBMC-OQAM and SC-FDMA. This method is having an advantage of Low PAPR similar to SC-FDMA, Low Latency, High Throughput, and Lower OOB emissions. 5G applications like Robotic surgeries, Driverless cars, Giga bits per second etc require these advantages. In this paper, Pruned DFT Spread FBMC (PDFTSFBMC) system has been simulated and tested against 3GPP defined fading profiles of EPA (Extended Pedestrian A), EVA (Extended Vehicular A), and ETU (Extended Typical Urban), which is a necessary component for a mobile communication system. From the results it has been observed that the proposed 5G FBMC system is suitable for Ultra reliable and low latency applications where low PAPR, lower bit error rate (BER), high throughput are the key requirements for 5G communications.
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399,017 |
Please write an abstract with title: Remote sensing digital image processing techniques in active faults survey, and key words: Remote sensing, Digital images, Satellites, Principal component analysis, Fault diagnosis, Feature extraction, Filtering, Statistical analysis, Digital elevation models, Image resolution. Abstract: In this paper, an effective method is presented to identify active faults from different sources of remote sensing images. First, we compared the capability of some satellite sensors in active faults survey. Then, we discussed a few digital image processing approaches used for information enhancement and feature extraction related to faults. Those methods include band ratio, PCA (Principal Components Analysis), Tasseled Cap Transformation, filtering and texture statistics, etc. Extensive experiments were implemented to validate the efficiency of those methods. We collected Landsat MSS, TM and ETM Plus images of Shandong Province, northern China. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of 25 m resolution and Chinese resource satellite-Resource-2 images with pixel size of about 5 m are also acquired in very important active faults regions. The experimental results show that remote sensing multi-spectral images have great potentials in large scale active faults investigation. We also get satisfied results when deal with invisible faults those lying beneath the earth surface.
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399,018 |
Please write an abstract with title: DC and small-signal analysis, and design of a novel ZVZCS three-level converter with reduced rectifier voltage stress, and key words: Rectifiers, Voltage, Stress, Snubbers, Leg, Diodes, Pulse width modulation, Pulse width modulation converters, Inductors, Windings. Abstract: A novel ZVZCS three-level PWM phase-shift controlled converter with regenerative passive snubber in the secondary is considered. The voltage stress on the rectifier diodes is reduced to n(V/sub in//2) (n is the transformer turns ratio) by using a few additional elements in the primary: two diodes, a small inductor and a small transformer winding. The conditions assuring ZVS of the leading leg and ZCS of the lagging leg are found as a function of the load current. Design constraints on the parallel capacitances of the switches of the leading leg, on the snubber's holding capacitor, and on the additional inductance and winding are hence established, allowing for an optimized knowledgeable design of the converter parameters. A DC analysis allows for the calculation of the effective duty-cycle. The DC characteristics of the proposed converter are found for different values of the duty-cycle. The boost effect on the effective duty-cycle due to the proposed snubber is proved. A small-signal model of the power stage and control-to-output transfer functions are derived, the damping effect of the proposed converter is compared to that of available soft-switching converters. Experiments on a prototype of 4.5 kW confirm the results.
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399,019 |
Please write an abstract with title: Buffering controls for IP packets in optical packet switching, and key words: Optical buffering, Optical control, Optical packet switching, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, IP networks, Random variables, Optical losses, WDM networks, Wavelength division multiplexing. Abstract: This paper investigates several buffering schemes for variable IP packets length in optical packet switching (OPS). Three new schemes with sorting abilities according to the packet's length as well as the capability of finding the minimum buffer occupancy are introduced in order to compare with the common round-robin scheme. The computed results show that there is a trade off between packets drops probability and information loss probability for the investigated schemes. It can be concluded that the bigger the Hust parameter of self-similar traffic the higher probabilities for the packets to drop and information loss but vice versa when more wavelengths are used.
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399,020 |
Please write an abstract with title: Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition for the design of filterless optical networks, and key words: Optical fiber networks, Optical filters, Wavelength assignment, Optical transmitters, Mathematical model, Costs, Optical switches. Abstract: Filterless optical networks use passive splitters and combiners with coherent optics, providing wavelength selection in the digital domain, while forming a passive fiber-tree topology between nodes. In this study, we investigate the optimal design of filterless optical networks while minimizing the number of required wavelengths. We propose a Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition model in which each subproblem aims to generate a potential filterless optical subnetwork, with a directed tree topology. The master problem then selects the best combination of subnetworks. Numerical experiments demonstrate significant performance improvement over previous work, reducing previous computational results by a factor of 2 to 10, depending on the size of the data instances.
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399,021 |
Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Simulations for an Experimental Test Bed for Adaptive Control Methods, and key words: experimental setup, Fixed Point Iteration-based adaptive control, measurement noise, information loss, modeling errors, external disturbances. Abstract: The Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics of Óbuda University is deeply involved in the research of novel adaptive and adaptive optimal methodologies for the control of strongly nonlinear systems that cannot be tackled by linearization in the vicinity of some “point of steady operation”. Besides the use of modern simulation tools the application of a “cheap” hardware construction for experimental verification of the theoretically proved, and simulations-confirmed results is a practical must in both the MSc and PhD level education. For this purpose, in 2018, the initial steps for the development of a test bed were reported. In the present paper its further development and the results of new simulation tests are summarized. The main point is to simultaneously tackle the consequences of modeling imprecisions, observation noises, unknown external disturbances, and information loss in the control feedback system for testing Fixed Point Iteration-based adaptive controllers on strongly nonlinear basis.
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399,022 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Experimental Study of Prediction Methods in Robust optimization Over Time, and key words: Benchmark testing, Robustness, Optimization, Switches, Measurement, Prediction methods, Forecasting. Abstract: Robust optimization Over Time (ROOT) is a new method of solving Dynamic optimization Problems in respect to choosing a robust solution, that would last over a number of environment changes, rather than the approach that chooses the optimal solution at every change. ROOT methods currently show that ROOT can be solved by predicting an individual fitness for a number of future environment changes. In this work, a benchmark problem based on the Modified Moving Peaks Benchmark (MMPB) is proposed that includes an attractor heuristic, that guides optima to a determined location in the environment, resulting in a more predictable optimum. We study a number of time series forecasting methods to test different prediction methods of future fitness values in a ROOT method. Four time series regression techniques are considered as the prediction method: Linear and Quadratic Regression, an Autoregressive model, and Support Vector Regression. We find that there is not much difference in choosing a simple Linear Regression to more advanced prediction methods. We also suggest that current benchmark problems that cannot be predicted will deceive the optimizer and ROOT framework as the peaks may move using a random walk. Results show an improvement in comparison with MMPB used in most ROOT studies.
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399,023 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of Demand and RES Uncertainties on Contributions of Loads to Flows, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Fluctuations, Network topology, Loading, Europe, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: This paper studies the impact of demand and renewable generation fluctuations on the contributions of loads to line flows in an interconnected transmission system, to estimate the extent to which demand response could alleviate line congestion. The paper observes a number of highly loaded lines in the system and how the daily uncertainties, different network loading conditions and network topology affect contributions of loads to the flows of these lines, including tie lines. Identification of loads with high contributions to line flows can provide adequate data support for formulating congestion management strategies. The benefit of this approach is that it can prioritise critical loads in the system based on probabilistic power flow studies, taking into account a range of possible operating conditions.
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399,024 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Semantic Approach for Computing Speech Emotion Text Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms, and key words: Autism, Technological innovation, Terminology, Semantics, Text categorization, Taxonomy, Medical services. Abstract: The speech emotion is a critical human communication, which unquestionably involves a high level of happiness or sadness communication between people contacts. The sentimental feeling varies in significant proportions among different languages across the other regions over the world. The recognition of emotional states is a reasonably new method in the field of machine learning and AI. The paper presents the study and the performance results of a system for emotion taxonomy. The emotion can be expressed in ways that can be seen, such as makeover terminologies. The analyses on the Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) recorded voice data set are converted into text data. However, in this research paper, we are interested in detecting emotions from the various textual dataset as well as using semantic data augmentation process to fill a few of the words, sentences, or half-broken words, as the Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients lack the social communication skills, as the patient does not very well articulate their communication.
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399,025 |
Please write an abstract with title: Device-to-Device Collaborative Caching Strategy Based on Incentive Mechanism, and key words: Wireless communication, Performance evaluation, Simulation, Collaboration, Performance gain, Energy efficiency, Device-to-device communication. Abstract: Nowadays, researchers increasingly pay more attention to wireless caching techniques for terminals based on the device- to-device (D2D) technology. Through data pre-caching and D2D communication, network congestion and transmission delay can be largely reduced, which effectively improves the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency of the system. However, considering the selfishness of the user equipment (UE), it may not always volunteer to cache data traffic for serving other UEs. Therefore, it is of particular importance to design an incentive mechanism suitable for D2D wireless caching networks, in order to encourage a UE to participate in collaborative caching and data transmission for other UEs. In this paper, we propose a cache communication incentive mechanism (CCIM) that considers both the content helper (CH) selection and the collaborative cache content placement procedures to maximize the network utility. Specifically, we design a preference and distance based caching (PDC) algorithm to solve the optimization problem formulated. Simulation results show that the proposed solution can obtain significant performance gains over existing caching algorithms.
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399,026 |
Please write an abstract with title: SO<inf>3</inf>-CNN: Learning Rigid Displacement using Depth Images and Orthogonal Dual Tensors, and key words: Deep learning, Image segmentation, Tensors, Motion segmentation, Robot kinematics, Object segmentation, Computer architecture. Abstract: Learning by demonstration, human-to-robot skills transfer or visual perception and control are tasks that can be tackled with techniques that combine machine vision and deep learning. In this paper, we take a step further from the classic deep learning based on the special Euclidean group (SE3) parameterization of displacement and motion. Considering an isomorphism between SE3 and the orthogonal dual tensor group, we propose an architecture that is set to improve the accuracy of computing the motion parameters. Thus, we introduce orthogonal dual tensors - convolutional neural network (${\widehat {{\mathbf{S}}\mathbb{O}}_3}$-CNN), a deep neural network set to learn from depth data how to extract semantic information regarding the layout of crobot’s segments while recovering the rigid displacement for each segment. To validate the design of ${\widehat {{\mathbf{S}}\mathbb{O}}_3}$-CNN, we employ a state-of-the-art database. The experimental results show that rigid displacements are estimated with higher accuracy by ${\widehat {{\mathbf{S}}\mathbb{O}}_3}$-CNN in comparison with a state-of-the-art SE3-CNN.
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399,027 |
Please write an abstract with title: IoBCT: A Brain Computer Interface using EEG Signals for Controlling IoT Devices, and key words: Headphones, Technological innovation, Speech recognition, Signal processing, Turning, Electroencephalography, Brain-computer interfaces. Abstract: For people with motor disabilities, completing simple tasks or processes such as turning on lights or directly controlling smart home devices can be tedious and requires considerable thought and effort. Unfortunately, recent advancements in the IoT and AI, which aim to simplify and enhance device interaction, have not been equally accessible to people with motor disabilities. As a result, individuals with severe motor disabilities caused by various conditions such as Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) or Anthropomorphic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) may be unable to effectively interact with IoT devices or complete tasks without significant effort. To solve this challenge, in this research work, we present a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) framework called the Internet of Brain-Controlled Things (IoBCT) that enables an individual to interact or communicate with IoT devices directly and effectively. Our IoBCT framework uses human brain signals for BCI operations and an optimization methodology for effectively communicating with IoT devices using brain waves. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of employing EEG signals for controlling IoT devices with an accuracy rate of 95%.
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399,028 |
Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Human-Machine Interaction Force Algorithm in Astronaut Virtual Training, and key words: Human computer interaction, Training, Analytical models, Simulation, Force, Collaboration, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: In the astronauts' collaborative virtual training, it is necessary to map the astronauts' keyboard and mouse operations to the input force, that is, the virtual human-machine interaction force. This paper establishes a virtual force sensor, by analyzing the working principle of the real force sensor. Next, a robot simulation model and the physical engine are integrated into the virtual force sensor, its stability is analyzed and it is further optimized. The ultimate goal is to obtain virtual human-machine interaction force through a virtual force sensor. In collaborative training, the human-machine interaction forces of multiple astronauts can be coupled with each other, through the physical engine, as well as influence each other. The simulation results show that, the solution result of the virtual human-machine interaction force is similar to the real one, while it can be better applied to the astronaut collaborative virtual training.
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399,029 |
Please write an abstract with title: Data retention, endurance and acceleration factors of NROM devices, and key words: Acceleration, Nonvolatile memory, Temperature, Qualifications, Charge carrier processes, SONOS devices, Semiconductor device manufacture, Electron traps, Tunneling, Stress. Abstract: Reliability studies of Saifun NROM devices are presented. Data retention characteristics vs time, temperature and cycling level are explained based on a charge trapping and re-emission model. The thermal acceleration factor between ambient storage and 150/spl deg/C is shown to be 7/spl times/10/sup 5/. Storage life at room temperature after 100K memory cycles is predicted to be in excess of 100 years. A qualification method of NROM devices is discussed in view of these results.
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399,030 |
Please write an abstract with title: Axial hexagonal evanescent fields in tapered multicore fiber for nanoparticles trapping and microsensing, and key words: Nanoparticles, Multicore processing, Interference, Extinction ratio, Sensors, Indexes, Tuning. Abstract: By tapering a weakly-coupled MCF into a strongly-coupled MCF, supermode interference effects can be generated with the best extinction ratio, 47.4dB and tuning efficiency, 392nm/RIU. Up-conversion nanoparticles are attracted and aligned by hexagonal evanescent fields.
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399,031 |
Please write an abstract with title: Energy Flow Calculation of Electricity-Heat Integrated Energy System Considering Local Head Loss, and key words: Heating systems, Cogeneration, Resistance heating, Mathematical model, Turbines, Analytical models, Pipelines. Abstract: Energy flow calculation of IES (integrated energy system) aims to calculate the node voltage and pressure, branch current and mass flow rate, working medium temperature and other state parameters according to known information. In the existing researches on energy flow calculation, only the friction head loss is considered and the influence of local head loss is not involved because of the complexity of the pipe structure. The local head loss occurring at abrupt flow boundary changes, such as variable section pipes, pipe inlet and outlet, and pipe connections is inevitable. The output of units and energy flow distribution in the IES will be affected by energy consumption caused by local head loss, so it is necessary to calculate the energy flow with local head loss in mind. In this paper, a local head loss energy model at pipe connection is first established, then a solution model for the energy flow of the electricity-heat IES with local head loss model is established, and the model can be solved by N-R method. Finally, the effectiveness of the model and the influence of local head loss on the whole system are verified through case comparison. The result shows that energy loss caused by local head loss should be avoided although it's a small amount of energy for the whole system.
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399,032 |
Please write an abstract with title: Bistability of globally synchronous and chimera states in a ring of phase oscillators coupled by a cosine kernel, and key words: Phase measurement, Complex networks, Coherence, Frequency measurement, Synchronization, Reliability, Frequency synchronization. Abstract: Chimera states, where coherent and incoherent activity coexists in homogeneous networks, have been a focus of synchronization theory studies over many years. In this paper, we consider dynamical regimes in a ring of phase oscillators coupled by a cosine kernel using new synchronization criteria - adaptive coherence measure (ACM). We show that the ACM-criterion can be successfully applied for phase oscillator networks. Our measure allowed us to partition the parameter plane into regions along collective dynamics. We discovered that, for the certain parameter sets, there is the bistability between globally synchronous and chimera states. This bistability allows to control network dynamics by changing the initial conditions and/or the external forcing. This shows the potential flexibility in control over complex network behaviors.
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399,033 |
Please write an abstract with title: Multiple fixed beamformers with a spacial Wiener-form postfilter for far-field speech recognition, and key words: Interference, Microphone arrays, Speech recognition, Array signal processing, Reverberation, Arrays. Abstract: Far-field speech recognition is becoming a hot topic in research and industrial applications. In this paper, in order to improve far-field speech recognition performance, we propose to use multiple fixed beamformers with a spacial Wiener-form postfilter (MFB-SWP) to suppress noise and interference. Our proposed method consists of two parts, beamforming and post-filter estimation. First, multiple fixed beamformers are designed and each of them aims at one specific direction. Next the target speech is estimated using the fixed beamformer aiming to the target direction, and the noise and interference signals are estimated using the remaining beamformers. After that, we calculate a spacial Wiener-form time-frequency and frame-level gains, as postfilter to further reduce the residual noise and interference. Compared with a single fixed beamformer, the proposed MFB-SWP method can suppress noise and interference significantly. It is also computationally more efficient comparing with other adaptive beamforming methods. Our experiments showed that proposed method achieved 16–50% relative character error rate (CER) reduction compared with using the single fixed beamformer only.
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399,034 |
Please write an abstract with title: Simulation Scenario Analysis of Operational Day to Day Storage System of Biomass Supply Chain for a Power Plant Case Study Based on Logistic Cost and Transportation Emissions, and key words: Analytical models, Biological system modeling, Computational modeling, Supply chains, Transportation, Biomass, Power generation. Abstract: Developing a sustainable transportation network of supplying and delivering a large amount of feedstock to biomass power plants depends on reducing the logistic cost and stable storage system. This study developed a simulation model to assess and help to understand the effect of the storage systems on the total logistic costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in empty fruit bunches (EFB) biomass supply chain (BSC). Our developed model is tested on a power plant industry in the Perak state of Malaysia. To analyze the sensitivity of the storage systems on the total costs and GHG emissions, two storage approaches are selected and compared: on land and satellite storage (SS) systems. This work just focused on operational day to day inventory planning. The results from our real case study showed that SS would outperform on land storage by reducing the GHG emissions from transportation near 50%. However, SS results in a triple increase in total BSC cost. Another finding is that the dedication of truck and train transportation modes is the best cost-effective alternative for transferring the EFB to the ports for the export market. But using the train instead of the barge for short distances would decrease the GHG emissions. Result of this work could be generalized for other BSCs to design a cost-effective and low-pollution transportation network design.
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399,035 |
Please write an abstract with title: Experience with a multiple-choice audience response system in an engineering classroom, and key words: Systems engineering and theory, Transmitters, Feedback, Education, Software, Springs, Circuit analysis computing, Computer displays, Signal generators, Computer science. Abstract: This paper presents results and observations from using a multiple-choice audience response system (ARS) in an engineering class with enrollments averaging approximately 60. The system consisted of student-registered infrared transmitters, receivers daisy-chained to an in-class computer, and an associated software. The system allows the students to answer multiple-choice questions, with the software processing the students' answers. We discuss this system's use for ungraded in-class questions intended to provide active learning for students and feedback to both students and instructor regarding how well students are assimilating new concepts and techniques. We also describe the system's use for weekly multiple-choice quizzes. These quiz scores are found to be significantly lower than scores on traditional exams with partial-credit grading, and there is wide individual variation of scores in these two assessment formats. We conclude that an ARS can be a very effective teaching/learning tool and that multiple-choice quizzes can complement traditional assessment techniques
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399,036 |
Please write an abstract with title: Timing recovery for UWB signals, and key words: Timing, Ultra wideband technology, Channel estimation, Detectors, Sampling methods, Matched filters, Robustness, Fading, Indoor communication, Signal resolution. Abstract: The paper is concerned with timing recovery for ultra-wideband communications operating in a dense multipath environment. A timing algorithm is proposed that exploits the samples of the received signal to estimate the start of the individual frames with respect to a local reference (frame timing) and the location of the first frame in each symbol (symbol timing). Channel estimation is inherent in the timing algorithm and can be used for coherent matched filter detection.
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399,037 |
Please write an abstract with title: Computing-In-Memory Using 1T1C Embedded DRAM Cell with Micro Sense Amplifier for Enhancing Throughput, and key words: Energy consumption, Microprocessors, Short-circuit currents, Neural networks, Memory architecture, Energy resolution, Random access memory. Abstract: The proposed 1T1C embedded DRAM (eDRAM) based compute-in-memory (CIM) architecture resolves Von-Neumann memory-bottleneck issue that degrades energy consumption and performance in processing neural networks. The proposed CIM architecture uses 1T1C eDRAM cell for better memory density compared to other eDRAM cells (e.g., 2T1C, 3T1C, 4T2C) based CIM architectures. However, the conventional 1T1C eDRAM cell based CIM architecture can only access a single row, unlike other eDRAM cell based CIM architectures because of the destructive read issue. The single-row access causes degradation of throughput. To overcome the limitation of single-row access, the conventional micro sense amplifier (uSA) is considered. However, the conventional uSA is suffered from the short circuit current during the MAC operation. Thus, the MAC operation results can be contaminated. To resolve the short circuit current issue, a newly designed uSA is proposed. The proposed uSA disconnects LBL to prevent uSA from affecting MAC operation results. By using the proposed uSA in every LBL, the proposed 1T1 C eDRAM cell based CIM architecture accesses multiple rows in one column. As a result, the throughput of the proposed 1T1C eDRAM cell based CIM architecture is improved by 5.44X compared to the conventional 1T1C eDRAM cell based CIM architecture.
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399,038 |
Please write an abstract with title: New Fiber Optic Analog Baseband Transmission Plan for Color TV Signals, and key words: Optical fibers, Baseband, TV, Optical pulse generation, Diode lasers, Optical transmitters, Light emitting diodes, Space vector pulse width modulation, Frequency, Signal generators. Abstract: A new fiber optic baseband analog transmission plan is proposed. It arranges the original signal into a pulse train for driving the laser diode to generate baseband components at the transmitter. The receiver can be just the same as those used in conventional direct linear intensity modulation systems using light emitting diodes (LED). Advantages of this new plan are (i) potentially cheap fibers can be used, since the plan requires neither an extra wide bandwidth nor special light acceptance conditions, (ii) long repeater spacings can be attained, since abundant light can be coupled into fibers using laser diodes and also the simple structures required for fibers are suitable for realizing low transmission losses, and (iii) the transmitter and receiver can be quite simple. Some candidate pulse arranging plans for generating baseband components are investigated. A pulse frequency arranging plan and pulse width arranging plan seem to be promising for efficient picture transmissions. An experiment using pulse frequency arrangement proves the theory developed here to attain a color TV transmission using a 10 km long step index low-loss fiber for a signal to noise ratio of 44 dB. Future improvements are expected by redesigning the transmitter and receiver and also by improving the mode stability of laser diodes.
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399,039 |
Please write an abstract with title: On the Hardware Feasibility of Nonlinear Trajectory Optimization for Legged Locomotion based on a Simplified Dynamics, and key words: Legged locomotion, Foot, Collision avoidance, Force, Trajectory, Aerodynamics. Abstract: Simplified models are useful to increase the computational efficiency of a motion planning algorithm, but their lack of accuracy have to be managed. We propose two feasibility constraints to be included in a Single Rigid Body Dynamics-based trajectory optimizer in order to obtain robust motions in challenging terrain. The first one finds an approximate relationship between joint-torque limits and admissible contact forces, without requiring the joint positions. The second one proposes a leg model to prevent leg collision with the environment. Such constraints have been included in a simplified nonlinear non-convex trajectory optimization problem. We demonstrate the feasibility of the resulting motion plans both in simulation and on the Hydraulically actuated Quadruped (HyQ) robot, considering experiments on an irregular terrain.
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399,040 |
Please write an abstract with title: Directional synthetic aperture flow imaging, and key words: Fluid flow measurement, Radio frequency, Focusing, Velocity measurement, Pulse measurements, Chirp, Color, Signal to noise ratio, Blood, Transducers. Abstract: A method for flow estimation using synthetic aperture imaging and focusing along the flow direction is presented. The method can find the correct velocity magnitude For any flow angle, and full color flow images can be measured using only 32 to 128 pulse emissions. The approach uses spherical wave emissions with a number of defocused elements and a linear frequency-modulated pulse (chirp) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The received signals are dynamically focused along the flow direction and these signals are used in a cross-correlation estimator for finding the velocity magnitude. The flow angle is manually determined from the B-mode image. The approach can be used for both tissue and blood velocity determination. The approach was investigated using both simulations and a flow system with a laminar flow. The flow profile was measured with a commercial 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. A plastic tube with an internal diameter of 17 mm was used with an EcoWatt 1 pump generating a laminar, stationary flow. The velocity profile was measured for flow angles of 90 and 60 degrees. The RASMUS research scanner was used for acquiring radio frequency (RF) data from 128 elements of the array, using 8 emissions with 11 elements in each emission. A 20-/spl mu/s chirp was used during emission. The RF data were subsequently beamformed off-line and stationary echo canceling was performed. The 60-degree flow with a peak velocity of 0.15 m/s was determined using 16 groups of 8 emissions, and the relative standard deviation was 0.36% (0.65 mm/s). Using the same setup for purely transverse flow gave a standard deviation of 1.2% (2.1 mm/s). Variation of the different parameters revealed the sensitivity to number of lines, angle deviations, length of correlation interval, and sampling interval. An in vivo image of the carotid artery and jugular vein of a healthy 29-year-old volunteer was acquired. A full color flow image using only 128 emissions could be made with a high-velocity precision.
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399,041 |
Please write an abstract with title: Mean-field model of tetrapartite synapse, and key words: Pathology, Computational modeling, Neurons, Time series analysis, Stem cells, Brain modeling, Reverberation. Abstract: The study of the mechanisms of occurrence and control of bursting activity is an important task of modern neurodynamics. Bursting activity underlies the cognitive functions of the brain and is associated with learning and memory. In this paper, a mean-field model of a tetrapartite synapse is proposed, which considers extrasynaptic mechanisms of regulation of rhythmogenesis in the brain.
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399,042 |
Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial Examples of Time Series Data based on Partial Perturbations, and key words: Degradation, Deep learning, Image recognition, Perturbation methods, Time series analysis, Data models, Informatics. Abstract: Recently, adversarial examples have become a significant threat, which intentionally misleads deep learning models by small perturbations beyond human recognition. Adversarial examples have been studied mainly in the field of image recognition, but recently they have been applied to other fields, including time series data. Perturbations are usually added to all regions of the data, but in the case of time series data, adding to the entire series would result in unnatural data. In this study, we show that it is possible to generate less unnatural adversarial examples for the time series data classification problem by partially using perturbations generated by existing attack methods. We also experiment with evaluating the performance and show that for some datasets, even if the range of the perturbations is 1/10, the attack is still possible with almost no degradation in attack performance.
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399,043 |
Please write an abstract with title: Criticality-based analysis and design of unstructured peer-to-peer networks as "Complex systems", and key words: Peer to peer computing, Floods, Scalability, Distributed computing, Power system modeling, Web and internet services, Computer science, Large-scale systems, Character recognition, Information management. Abstract: Due to enormous complexity of the unstructured peer-to-peer networks as large-scale, self-configure, and dynamic systems, the models used to characterize these systems are either inaccurate, because of oversimplification, or analytically inapplicable, due to their high complexity. By recognizing unstructured peer-to-peer networks as "complex systems ", we employ statistical models used before to characterize complex systems for formal analysis and efficient design of peer-to-peer networks. We provide two examples of application of this modeling approach that demonstrate its power. For instance, using this approach we have been able to formalize the main problem with normal flooding search, propose a remedial approach with our probabilistic flooding technique, and find the optimal operating point for probabilistic flooding rigorously, such that it improves scalability of the normal flooding by 99%.
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399,044 |
Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical Defect Detection Based On Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Location awareness, Deep learning, Technological innovation, Image resolution, Reinforcement learning, Object detection, Detectors. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based method for defects detection in high-resolution (HR) images. e.g. cracks and scratches on the surfaces of buildings, constructions, and products. Our innovation leverages RL to explore challenging images in progressive manner, using pre-trained deep learning (DL) detection as feedback mechanism. First, The DL model is pre-trained on low resolution (LR) images with relatively high defect background ratio (DBR). The RL agent is trained by optimizing a policy network according to feedback of DL model on selected regions of HR images with fairly low DBR to coarsely predict defective region by executing two actions: defective region selection and region refinement. Then, the selected defective regions are evaluated using the DL model to generate final defect region which will be mapped back to the HR images. Experimental results on HR crack and scratch images indicate that our method is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance with 0.976 and 0.965 F1-score respectively.
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399,045 |
Please write an abstract with title: Drawing of optical fiber with internal codrawn wire and conductive coating and electrooptic modulation demonstration, and key words: Optical fibers, Wire, Coatings, Electrooptic modulators, Optical fiber devices, Optical modulation, Fiber nonlinear optics, Nonlinear optical devices, Nonlinear optics, Optical switches. Abstract: One hundred twenty meters of fiber with an internal codrawn wire and electrically conductive coating was successfully fabricated for the first time. The integration of the conductive coating and wire was all performed during the fiber draw stage, in a process that enabled arbitrarily long lengths of fiber to be made. The wire combined with the conductive coating enables a strong electric field to be formed across the optical core. Such a fiber is ideal for thermally poling long lengths and for nonlinear device applications such as optical switches and modulators.
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399,046 |
Please write an abstract with title: Wideband Channel Estimation for Millimeter Wave Beamspace MIMO, and key words: Training, Radio frequency, OFDM, Millimeter wave technology, Refining, Channel estimation, Millimeter wave communication. Abstract: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with lens antenna array, referred to as beamspace MIMO, is attractive for millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, since it can realize the adequate beamforming gain with a small number of radio frequency (RF) chains. This paper addresses wideband channel estimation for mmWave beamspace MIMO. Specifically, a two-stage channel estimation scheme is proposed. In the first stage, we utilize multi-task sparse Bayesian learning (MT-SBL) to coarsely estimate the beamspace channel vectors, each corresponding to one OFDM subcarrier. In the second stage, we re-formulate the channel estimation problem by artfully exploiting the characteristics of beamspace channels. Then we develop an expectation maximization (EM) based algorithm to estimate the parameters involved in the formulation, thereby refining the channel estimates. Compared with the state-of-the-art counterparts, the proposed scheme can achieve much better performance while requiring a lower training overhead.
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399,047 |
Please write an abstract with title: End-node-based congestion-aware network load balancing, and key words: Load management, Quality of service, Communication system traffic control, Telecommunication traffic, Routing protocols, Delay, Internet, Bandwidth, Floods, Laboratories. Abstract: Streaming services and visual communication services delivered over the Internet have become popular in recent years. In the future, broadband services using MPEG2/4 will become the dominant type. These services require transport protocols that provide high quality and high throughput from end to end of the system. We propose a new transfer method that allows the network load to be adaptively balanced according to the network's state. We also estimated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by computer simulation.
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399,048 |
Please write an abstract with title: Algorithms for the Safe Management of Autonomous Vehicles, and key words: Shortest path problem, Schedules, Estimation, Reinforcement learning, Tools, Trajectory, Safety. Abstract: We deal here with a fleet of autonomous vehicles which is required to perform internal logistics tasks inside some protected area. This fleet is supposed to be ruled by a hierarchical supervision architecture, which, at the top level distributes and schedules Pick up and Delivery tasks, and, at the lowest level, ensures safety at the crossroads and controls the trajectories. We focus here on the top level, while introducing a time dependent estimation of the risk induced by the traversal of any arc at a given time. We set a model, state some structural results, and design, in order to route and schedule the vehicles according to a well-fitted compromise between speed and risk, a bi-level algorithm and a A* algorithm which both relies on a reinforcement learning scheme.
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399,049 |
Please write an abstract with title: MANet: a Motion-Driven Attention Network for Detecting the Pulse from a Facial Video with Drastic Motions, and key words: Image color analysis, Nose, Imaging, Photoplethysmography, Skin, Robustness, Physiology. Abstract: Video Photoplethysmography (VPPG) technique can detect pulse signals from facial videos, becoming increasingly popular due to its convenience and low cost. However, it fails to be sufficiently robust to drastic motion disturbances such as continuous head movements in our real life. A motion-driven attention network (MANet) is proposed in this paper to improve its motion robustness. MANet takes the frequency spectrum of a skin color signal and of a synchronous nose motion signal as the inputs, following by removing the motion features out of the skin color signal using an attention mechanism driven by the nose motion signal. Thus, it predicts frequency spectrum without components resulting from motion disturbances, which is finally transformed back to a pulse signal. MANet is tested on 1000 samples of 200 subjects provided by the 2nd Remote Physiological Signal Sensing (RePSS) Challenge. It achieves a mean inter-beat-interval (IBI) error of 122.80 milliseconds and a mean heart rate error of 7.29 beats per minute.
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399,050 |
Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Caching Update and Pricing Algorithm Based on Stochastic Geometry Theory in Video Service, and key words: Transcoding, Streaming media, Pricing, Base stations, Handover, Delays, Resource management, Cache storage, Video coding. Abstract: In order to meet the growing needs of vehicle users for high-quality video experience, it can be used caching technology and transcoding technology to meet the needs of vehicle users. However, due to the complexity of the practical scene, when improving the service quality of vehicle users, it is necessary to consider the mobility of vehicle users and the utilization of network resources (caching, base station computing resources, backhaul links, etc.). In order to deal with the impact of vehicle mobility and network resource usage on the acquisition of video segments by vehicle users, this paper not only takes vehicle mobility into full account in mathematical modeling, but also proposes caching update algorithm and pricing algorithm. Firstly, considering the transcoding between different versions of video, the base station takes into account the value of energy consumption when caching video segments. Then, according to the different use of caching, base station computing resources and backhaul links by vehicle users, a pricing algorithm of network resources is proposed to improve the flexibility of network resource utilization. Finally, the mathematical model is optimized by convex optimization theory, and the influence of caching update algorithm on caching gain and the impact of pricing algorithm on network resource utilization are shown through simulation. The simulation results show that the total gain, caching gain, transcoding gain and flexibility of network resource utilization are improved significantly.
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399,051 |
Please write an abstract with title: Antenna's Radar Cross Section (RCS) Measurements, and key words: Antenna measurements, Radar cross-sections, Meetings, Reflector antennas, Radar antennas, Calibration, Impedance. Abstract: In this paper, we present the results of the characterization of an antenna by the measurement and simulation of its backscattering parameters. Several steps associated with the calibration process make it possible to identify the main modes, the structural backscattering mode and the antenna re-radiating mode. The structure-mode is linked to the geometric and material parameters of the antenna. The antenna mode depends on the effective area of the antenna, which defines the quantity of captured energy, and the load impedance placed at the input port of the antenna, which by its mismatch (coefficient of reflection close to ±1) causes the re-radiation of the antenna. This method of non-contact measurement of the backscattered fields of the antennas would be particularly suitable for small antennas, identification tags and for the detection of the emission spectra of antennas or antenna arrays in general.
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399,052 |
Please write an abstract with title: Homeland security services system: critical decision issues, and key words: Terrorism, Biomedical informatics, Counting circuits, Decision making, Floods, Hazards, Information analysis, Risk analysis, Cities and towns, Internet. Abstract: Urban infrastructures are the focus of terrorist acts because, quite simply, they produce the most visible impact, if not casualties. While terrorist acts are the most insidious and onerous of all disruptions, it is obvious that there are many similarities to the way one should deal with these willful acts and those caused by natural and accidental incidents that have also resulted in adverse and severe consequences. However, there is one major and critical difference between terrorist acts and the other types of disruptions: the terrorist acts are willful - and therefore also adaptive, if not coordinated. One must counter these acts with the same, if not more sophisticated, willful, adaptive and informed approach. Real-time, information-based decision making - which Tien [2003] has called the decision informatics paradigm - is the approach advanced herein to help make the right decisions at the various stages of a disruption.
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399,053 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Environment Control Management System for Container-Type Energy Storage System, and key words: Battery Energy Storage System, Modbus, Environmental Control System. Abstract: The most widely used energy storage system in current industrial applications and commercialization is Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). Due to its fast response capability, BESS has been accepted as an energy storage system worldwide. However, there are still high risks associated with large-scale BESS installations. System malfunctions can lead to battery damage, and inadequate environmental control of BESS operation can result in incidents such as battery leakage, flooding, or prolonged exposure to high temperatures. To prevent disasters and proactively prepare for them, we proposed the planning and design of an Environmental Control System (ECS) for BESS. The ECS adopted sensors to monitor the BESS site and the batteries, preparing for potential disasters. It continuously collected environmental monitoring data and was integrated with a Battery Management and Monitoring System (MBMS) to protect the internal batteries and prevent the spread of disasters. The experiment was conducted in an actual BESS installation, and Modbus communication protocol was used for the communication of sensors and the management system. The experimental results demonstrated that this planned ECS maintained the temperature within the working range for the batteries inside the container, and the relevant components designed for the system effectively interacted with the MBMS to protect the energy storage system.
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399,054 |
Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Motion Symbol Detection and Multikernel Learning for AER Object Recognition, and key words: Neural networks, Feature extraction, Membrane potentials, Object recognition, Detectors, Convolutional neural networks, Vision sensors, Motion control. Abstract: Address event representation (AER) vision sensors process visual information by monitoring changes in light intensity and generating event streams. In this article, a threshold mechanism based on the statistical results of the peak membrane potentials is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the motion symbol detection (MSD) method based on the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model and a peak spiking monitoring unit (PSMU). A multikernel learning algorithm based on the tempotron rule, namely, MK-tempotron, is proposed to improve the antinoise performance of the classifier. In MK-tempotron, different kernels are applied to calculate the post-synaptic membrane potentials (PSPs) according to different input spiking patterns, to counteract the impact of noise on the spiking activities, so that the synaptic weights can be changed in the direction of correct firing. We verified the effectiveness of the threshold mechanism and multikernel learning on a variety of data sets. The experimental results show that among the several recent algorithms based on the temporal encoding and spiking neural network classifier, which have advantages in power consumption and network latency, our method achieved the best accuracy on MNIST-DVS (100 ms) and N-CARS, and it also achieved competitive results on N-MNIST, CIFAR10-DVS, Posture-DVS, Poker-DVS, and MNIST-DVS (200 ms/500 ms/2000 ms).
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399,055 |
Please write an abstract with title: Use the shaper package TV programs for transmission of information on analog channel of the transmission radio-relay type line, and key words: Streaming media, Electronics packaging, Multimedia communication, TV broadcasting, Multimedia systems, Radio transmitters, Digital video broadcasting, Microwave technology, Organizing, IEEE catalog. Abstract: This paper proposes ways of application of MPEG-2 shaper at transmission of multimedia information via analog channel of radio-relay type line (RRL). The possibility of transmission of multimedia information via existing radio-relay systems using the designed package shaper is considered. Presented here is the technology of digital TV-programs transmission via FM-channels. The transmitter uses flow inflection by method QAM-32 or QAM-64 and then flow symbol is warbled. The designed shaper makes it possible to realize the technology of DVB stream transmission via analog channel RRL.
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399,056 |
Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Magnetic Material for Array Antenna Application, and key words: Spirals, Dipole antennas, Magnetic materials, Permeability, Substrates, Antenna arrays, Antenna radiation patterns. Abstract: Artificial magnetic material (AMM) has attracted enormous interests as it provides high permeability in the microwave region which is not achievable in current natural magnetic materials. In this paper, we have investigated one three-dimensional artificial magnetic material (AMM) based on the octagonal spiral resonator. This AMM can achieve the same high effective permittivity and permeability of 4.85 at 1.014 GHz. By using this AMM substrate, the miniaturized patch array antenna has been realized with a stable radiation pattern and low reflection ( ) at the working frequency according to the CST simulation. Moreover, the dipole array antenna based on magnetic material has also been simulated. The simulated results validate that the magnetic substrate can be applied to reduce the scan blindness effect in an array antenna for reaching wide scanning range.
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399,057 |
Please write an abstract with title: Unleashing the performance of bmSparse for the sparse matrix multiplication in GPUs, and key words: Conferences, Machine learning, Data science, Large-scale systems, Sparse matrices, Proposals, Kernel. Abstract: The evolution of data science and machine learning has increased the applicability of the sparse matrix multiplication (SPGEMM) kernel. Unlike more well-known operations such as the SPMV, in the SPGEMM the nonzero pattern of the result is determined by the interaction between the nonzero patterns of the inputs, which impose serious challenges to the development of high-performance implementations for accelerators. Recent efforts in this subject aim to mitigate this irregularity through the use of block-based sparse storage formats, obtaining promissing results on accelerators such as GPUs. In this work we study the format bmSparse [1] and propose optimizations to attack the principal bottlenecks of the original SPGEMM implementation for Nvidia GPUs. We evaluate the proposal using nine sparse matrices of different sizes, showing remarkable speedups with respect to CUSPARSE's CSR variant.
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399,058 |
Please write an abstract with title: Toward Concurrent Video Multicast Orchestration for Caching-Assisted Mobile Networks, and key words: Streaming media, Optimization, Wireless communication, Prefetching, Multicast communication, Device-to-device communication. Abstract: Multicasting does not work well for video applications such as video on demand, where individual users request video content at discrete and unpredictable moments. In this paper, we study a concurrent video multicast orchestration solution for the caching-assisted and centrally controlled mobile networks. The proposed solution strives to obtain rapid video prefetch and effective traffic reduction. By rapid video prefetch, user devices can cache required contents in advance, which can effectively improve the streaming fluency in unsteady wireless environments, especially the highly mobile vehicular environment. We introduce a maximum-rate concurrent multicast (MRCM) problem whose solution is intended to maximize the total video delivery rate by a concurrent multicast manner, and prove that the MRCM problem is NP-hard. Then, we propose a dynamic concurrent multicast tree construction algorithm and a global concurrent multicast tree optimization algorithm to approximately solve the MRCM problem in polynomial time. We also introduce a cache competition mechanism that strives to maximize the total cache hit rate when the cache space is insufficient. Performance evaluations show that compared with the existing cache-assisted multicast delivery solutions, the proposed solution significantly reduces the video delivery duration and the traffic stress of backhaul links.
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399,059 |
Please write an abstract with title: Simplified Hybrid AC–DC Microgrid With a Novel Interlinking Converter, and key words: Integrated circuits, Voltage control, Power electronics, Microgrids, Load modeling, Modulation, Control systems. Abstract: Hybrid ac-dc microgrids (HMG) have become more popular recently because of their superior features in comparison with pure ac and dc microgrids (MGs). HMGs have fewer power converters and are more flexible than pure ac and dc MGs, but the number of converters in HMG is still significant, especially when the dc part of HMG has several voltage levels. A new simplified and more flexible architecture for HMGs that features a new multiport interlinking converter (IC) is proposed in this article. Using the proposed IC, the number of power electronic converters in an HMG with several dc bus voltages can be reduced without increasing the number of active switches in the IC or the complexity of its control system. In this article, the new simplified HMG architecture is presented, and the operation of the proposed IC as a single unit and as a part of a simplified HMG are explained, along with its features. Experimental results obtained from a scaled-down prototype are also presented to confirm the feasibility of the multiport interlinking converter. Simulation results that show the effect of load variations in the intermediate bus architecture dc bus on the operation of the HMG are also presented as well.
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399,060 |
Please write an abstract with title: Genetic Programming Hyper-heuristic with Gaussian Process-based Reference Point Adaption for Many-Objective Job Shop Scheduling, and key words: Adaptation models, Job shop scheduling, Processor scheduling, Sociology, Gaussian processes, Production, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: Job Shop Scheduling (JSS) is an important real-world problem. However, the problem is challenging because of many conflicting objectives and the complexity of production flows. Genetic programming-based hyper-heuristic (GP-HH) is a useful approach for automatically evolving effective dispatching rules for many-objective JSS. However, the evolved Pareto-front is highly irregular, seriously affecting the effectiveness of GP-HH. Although the reference points method is one of the most prominent and efficient methods for diversity maintenance in many-objective problems, it usually uses a uniform distribution of reference points which is only appropriate for a regular Pareto-front. In fact, some reference points may never be linked to any Pareto-optimal solutions, rendering them useless. These useless reference points can significantly impact the performance of any reference-point-based many-objective optimization algorithms such as NSGA-III. This paper proposes a new reference point adaption process that explicitly constructs the distribution model using Gaussian process to effectively reduce the number of useless reference points to a low level, enabling a close match between reference points and the distribution of Pareto-optimal solutions. We incorporate this mechanism into NSGA-III to build a new algorithm called MARP-NSGA-III which is compared experimentally to several popular many-objective algorithms. Experiment results on a large collection of many-objective benchmark JSS instances clearly show that MARP-NSGA-III can significantly improve the performance by using our Gaussian Process-based reference point adaptation mechanism.
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399,061 |
Please write an abstract with title: Distributed snapshots for mobile computing systems, and key words: Mobile computing, Distributed computing, Protocols, Checkpointing, Robustness, Fault tolerant systems, Mobile communication, Wireless networks, Bandwidth, Throughput. Abstract: Accomplishing the distributed snapshots problem in mobile systems is an important issue as well as in distributed systems. This work presents a distributed snapshots protocol for mobile computing systems. In addition, this protocol can be used for achieving an efficient checkpointing protocol in the mobile environment. Specifically, it is a robust adaptation of the classical distributed snapshots protocol, where the mobile hosts can still roam among the different cells within the mobile system. The main benefit of this work is to provide distributed snapshots for a mobile system without adding any restriction to the system, such as FIFO ordering among the application messages as required for a traditional distributed system.
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399,062 |
Please write an abstract with title: CLEO®/Europe-EQEC 2021 Penrose wave amplification in superfluids of light, and key words: Astrophysics, Electromagnetic scattering, Europe, Extraterrestrial measurements, Acoustic measurements, Angular velocity, Proposals. Abstract: The amplification of waves in the scattering with rotating black holes is a fundamental process in gravitational physics. It was introduced by Roger Penrose in 1969 as a way to extract energy from these astrophysical objects [1] . Soon after Penrose proposal, in 1971 Zel’dovich predicted a similar superradiant amplification for electromagnetic waves scattered by a metallic rotating cylinder [2] . In Zel’dovich proposal, waves get amplified if their angular frequency ω satisfies the condition ω < m Ω, where m is the waves topological charge and Ω is the cylinder angular velocity. Despite this amplification process is ubiquitous in wave scattering physics, and not limited to electromagnetic waves and astrophysics only, direct measurements are limited to an experiment with waves in a water vortex in a draining bathtub experiment [3] . The related, but not identical, Zel’dovich amplification has been observed for acoustic waves [4] .
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399,063 |
Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Collaborative Utilization Mode of "Source-network-load-storage" to Improve Energy-self-balance Ability of Microgrid, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Costs, Economic indicators, Collaboration, Microgrids, Electricity supply industry, Power markets. Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient collaborative utilization mode of "source-network-load-storage" for microgrid. The proposed mode is to maximize the profit of microgrid operator in which using the microbalance market trading mechanism to achieve more autonomous transactions within the microgrid, and better energy interaction with the outside. The return on revenue on the demand side and energy storage side is increased by optimizing the maximum unbalanced electricity exchange curve and energy storage equipment capacity respectively. Case study demonstrates that the proposed mode can improve the self-balancing ability and the integration of renewable energy of microgrid.
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399,064 |
Please write an abstract with title: Finite Element Analysis Based Coupling Models For the study of Mechanical Deformation in Electromagnetic Actuators, and key words: Strain, Mathematical model, Finite element analysis, Magnetic forces, Actuators, Eddy currents. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a multiphysics coupling model for the study of mechanical deformation in electromagnetic actuator based on the 2D finite element method. Firstly, the transient strongly coupled of the electric circuit equation and magnetic field equation is considered for the finite element method. Then, the magnetic force density distribution is calculated by the Lorentz method based on the eddy current in transient operating conditions. Finally, using the magnetic force density as source term in the considered static mechanical equilibrium equation lead to compute the plate deformation. The nonlinear coupled magnetic field-circuit symmetrized algebraic equations system is solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The developed multi-physical Finite Element Method (FEM) tools are implemented under Matlab software.
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399,065 |
Please write an abstract with title: Continuous operation performance of faulty induction motor drives, and key words: Induction motor drives, Induction motors, Inverters, Torque, Voltage, Power harmonic filters, Rotors, Stator windings, Topology, Leg. Abstract: This paper presents a study regarding the continuous operation performance of a faulty three-phase induction motor fed by a direct torque controlled voltage source inverter. Several remedial operating strategies are compared in order to analyze which of them better fit into a post-fault drive reconfiguration strategy. This analysis comprises input motor line current distortion and efficiency. Electromagnetic torque harmonics are also taken into account.
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399,066 |
Please write an abstract with title: Design of Authenticated Radio Frequency Identification based Electronic Voting Machine, and key words: Face recognition, Reliability, Electronic voting, RFID tags. Abstract: To elect leaders, vote is a powerful right for the people of democratic countries. At present Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) are being used to conduct elections. It needs five to six polling officials per booth to conduct voting. In this paper, an authenticated Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based EVM is proposed which needs only two to three polling officials per booth. In this, each voter will be given a unique RFID tag, which should be carried out to the polling booth while coming to cast their vote. Based on that, the EVM can easily identify the person is authenticated voter or not and also checks whether he/she had already voted or not. To avoid the chances of bringing one's tag by others, face recognition is added as a second step of authenticity. Results showed that the proposed EVM is more reliable, needs less man power and time to conduct elections smoothly.
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399,067 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Implementation of the Algorithm of "Gluing" Images, and key words: Graphics, Upper bound, Correlation, Software packages, Software algorithms, Prototypes, Estimation. Abstract: The article is devoted to the development of a prototype of a software package for "gluing" images of various types. The original algorithm and its software implementation are proposed. The technology of data processing when "gluing" images is considered. Experimental studies of the results for different types of images were carried out.
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399,068 |
Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Clearance Environment Based on SRTM for China Weather Radar Network, and key words: Meteorological radar, Radar detection, Data centers, Rain, Interpolation. Abstract: Study and analyze the distribution of weather radar and the clearance environment in China. The SRTM elevation data was used to analyze the beam distance coverage and fixed elevation coverage of the national weather radar network. The statistical analysis of the radar coverage rate of the province in 2015 shows that the coverage rate of the weather radar station network in China has reached 61.54% (covering the land area). However, there is a significant density unevenness in the spatial distribution of weather radar networks, and there are large regional differences in coverage.
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399,069 |
Please write an abstract with title: Reducing Information Exchange in Distributed Control of Multiagent Systems: A Norm-Free and Adaptive Event-Triggering Approach<sup>⋆</sup>, and key words: Decentralized control, Distributed databases, Trajectory, Information exchange, Standards, Numerical stability, Multi-agent systems. Abstract: For reducing information exchange in distributed control of multiagent systems, we propose a norm-free and adaptive event-triggering rule, which is decentralized and predicated on the solution-predictor curve method. Here, the decentralized feature implies that the proposed event-triggering rule depends on own error signals of an agent. Moreover, the norm-free feature implies that the left side of the proposed event-triggering rule inequality does not depend on distances such as absolute values of error signals to yield better agent-to-agent information exchange reduction. To achieve decentralized and norm-free features at the same time, an adaptive term is also utilized in the event-triggering rule for each agent in order to estimate unknown variable unavailable to an agent. The proposed event-triggering rule works both for the sampled data exchange case as well as for the data exchange case predicated on the solution-predictor curve method. In contrast to standard sampled data exchange, the solution-predictor curve method has the ability to further reduce agent-to-agent information exchange, where each agent stores this curve and exchanges its parameters when an event occurs in a distributed manner for approximating the solution trajectory of each agent.
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399,070 |
Please write an abstract with title: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Degradation Prediction using Regularized LSTM Model, and key words: Degradation, Recurrent neural networks, Biological system modeling, Computational modeling, Stability analysis, Vaccines, Bioinformatics. Abstract: Due to the advantages of mRNA vaccines such as potency, safety, and production feasibility, recent researches in vaccinology has seen strong focus in mRNA vaccines. As leading researches involving COVID-19 mRNA vaccine candidates are being carried out, the challenge of overcoming the stability tradeoff of mRNA vaccines stand between the production and effective mass distribution stages. With the help of the OpenVaccine RNA database with degradation rate measurements provided by Stanford researchers, we developed an artificial recurrent neural network model to help bioinformatics researchers identify whether and where mRNAs might be unstable and prone to degrade under certain incubation measures. For this purpose, we’ve prepared a regularized LSTM model which minimizes mean columnwise root mean squared error for several degradation rates. We’ve found that recurrent algorithms perform better than tree-based algorithms.
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399,071 |
Please write an abstract with title: A New Broad-Band Absorption Modulator for Rapid Switching of Microwave Power, and key words: Electromagnetic wave absorption, Amplitude modulation, Ferrites, Phase modulation, Electric variables, Switches, Microwave theory and techniques, Phase shifters, Insertion loss, Impedance matching. Abstract: This paper describes a new technique for obtaining a broad-band absorption modulator for high-speed switching or amplitude modulation of microwave power. This ferrite modulator, an outgrowth of the longitudinal-field rectangular-waveguide phase shifter, has electrical characteristics particularly desirable in a microwave switch. These include a zero-field insertion loss of approximately 0.5 db in the ON state, an isolation of greater than 60 db in the OFF state which is nearly independent of the magnetic control field in this state, and a nearly matched input impedance for all values of applied field. These electrical characteristics are nearly constant over a 30 per cent bandwidth at X band. Also, it is possible to design the amplitude modulator to have negligible phase shift at the desired operating frequency. Other characteristics of this ferrite modulator include small physical size, magnetic control fields of less than 50 oersteds, operating temperatures up to 150°C, and a capability of less than one µsec switching time.
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399,072 |
Please write an abstract with title: A 2.8V RWDM BTL Class-D power amplifier using an FGMOS comparator, and key words: Power amplifiers, Hysteresis, Delta modulation, Topology, Driver circuits, MOSFETs, Operational amplifiers, Low voltage, CMOS process, Power supplies. Abstract: This paper presents a design of an output stage based on Class-D amplifier techniques using rectangular wave delta modulation (RWDM) topology. This amplifier has a simple structure comprised only of a hysteresis comparator and output drivers. Thanks to the use of a multiple-input hysteresis comparator using floating-gate MOSFETs, the amplifier is capable of low voltage operation. On Alcatel 0.5 /spl mu/m double poly CMOS process, this amplifier demonstrated up to 0.88W with 95% efficiency with a 2.8V power supply. This means implementation as a monolithic chip is possible, making this amplifier suitable for portable applications such as speaker driving circuits in mobile phones, hearing aids and other implantable medical devices.
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399,073 |
Please write an abstract with title: Design of Linear Phase Selective Comb-Line Filter, and key words: Nonlinear filters, Prototypes, Resonator filters, Filtering theory, Equations, H infinity control, Chebyshev approximation, Transfer functions, Band pass filters, Capacitors. Abstract: A multiwire approach has been used to develop design equations for linear phase selective comb-line filter. The filter under consideration consists of two rows of inductive resonators separated by a slotted coupling surface. Through the development process a multipath prototype network has been considered. A frequency transformation has been formulated to relate the multipath prototype network and the multiwire comb-line structure. Hence, once the element-values of the prototype network are chosen to meet prescribed requirements, the corresponding comb-line filter element values can be computed through the developed explicit formulas. To illustrate the design procedure a brief design example is presented.
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399,074 |
Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid predication model for instruction level parallelism, and key words: Parallel processing, Irrigation, Costs, Hardware, Degradation, Aging, Pipelines. Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid predication model in analogy to the delayed branching technique with overlapped delayed slots by integrating two different predication models. Predicated-execution is considered a promising branch handling technique. A few models have been proposed for predicated-execution, the most known model has succeeded to provide ILP processors with enough parallel instructions for efficient resource utilization. Unfortunately, false parallelism is introduced by the instructions provided from the null paths (large dynamic code expansion). Another predicated-execution model has managed to decrease the dynamic code expansion, with the cost of limiting the parallelism exploited and increasing the static code expansion. The presented hybrid predication model managed to integrate the advantages of the two models by decreasing the code expansion both dynamically and statically especially for conditional code structures included within loops. The various conducted experiments aimed to provide an evaluation for the proposed model via simulation. The results proved that the presented hybrid predication model can achieve better utilization of register and shorter schedules with the same issue-width compared with the other existing models.
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399,075 |
Please write an abstract with title: Method of determination of change of the shape of structural elements during heat treatment by results of measurement of his geometry, and key words: Shape measurement, Heat treatment, Geometry, Coordinate measuring machines, Equations, Force measurement, Surface treatment, Displacement measurement, Aircraft, Capacitive sensors. Abstract: During heat treatment of products and in various technological processes connected to influence of intensive thermal fluxes, the deviation of the shape is probably inadmissible. The reason of distortion for non-uniformity of processing at technological process is the formation of non-elastic strains of inadmissible values and others. The aim of the present work is the development of methods of an estimation of a deviation of the shape on the basis of measurement of geometry of a product before and after of temperature, technological or force influence. The necessity of work is caused by that the direct measurement of coordinates of points of a surface of products with the help of measuring installation does not allow to give the conclusion about a deviation of the shape of a product owing to complexities in comparison given of account and direct measurements. It is explained to that the rule of a product before heat treatment in system of coordinates of measuring installation changes.
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399,076 |
Please write an abstract with title: Automated characterization of cellular migration phenomena, and key words: Image coding, Cancer, Image edge detection, Laboratories, Transform coding, Bioinformatics, Pathology, Biological system modeling, Bladder, Image storage. Abstract: A new approach for cell migration analysis is presented from an automated image segmentation and ROI-compression. ROI-compression is accomplished through classical edge detection technique, followed by image opening to help identify the cell-occupied image region. That region is then compressed for better archival and analysis, to more efficiently identify migration rate and dispersion. Combining our approach with compression techniques such as offered by JPEG2000 will enhance the analysis of the images by providing the ability to vary parameters, work on compressed domain including proximity-based clustering of cells and cell count, etc.
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399,077 |
Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent MBWIMA/UMTS protocol using cascade fuzzy logic control for UTRA TDD mode, and key words: 3G mobile communication, Fuzzy logic, Telecommunication control, Access protocols, Control systems, Fuzzy control, Fuzzy systems, Radio control, Delay, Media Access Protocol. Abstract: An intelligent medium-access-control (MAC) protocol based on cascade fuzzy-logic-control (CFLC), consisting of a fuzzy V/sub max/ (maximum number of voice/video slots) control and a fuzzy data-rate control for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access time-division duplex (UTRA TDD) mode is presented. Voice, data, and video are integrated for transmission using CFLC-based movable-boundary wireless multiple access (MBWIMA) in the UMTS protocol. The performance of the CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol with data-rate control is optimized by using the CFLC to generate the proper maximum number of voice/video slots and a suitable data rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the data-packet delay for the CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol with data-rate control is less than that for the CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol without data-rate control. The CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol with data-rate control can greatly improve both the voice-video dropping probability and the data-packet delay of the MBWIMA/UMTS and general packet-radio system/UMTS protocols at the expense of a small decrease in the data-packet throughput. Voice-activity detector, single cell, and multicell environments are also considered.
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399,078 |
Please write an abstract with title: Border Surveillance Monitoring Application, and key words: surveillance, border, drone, quadcopter, camera, autonomous, flight, intruder, illegal, monitoring, security, BSMA, ArduPilot, UAV, GPS. Abstract: In recent years, quad-copters is getting used in style of applications. The extremely agile dynamics of a quad-copter enable it to simply start and fly in any indoor or out of doors situation. The goal is to return up with a network of UAVs which will facilitate troopers for patrolling the country's border efficiently, whereas remaining cost effective. The aim was one in all detection of intruders as opposition detainment. To form UAV utterly autonomous this needs localization. In an outside atmosphere it's doable to use GPS based mostly position feedback to fly over a trajectory. By Using GPS calculate the trail distance, speed, tracing path is feasible and avoiding the obstacles is possible. Also, detection of targets may well be effective through air surveillance with the assistance of extremely cognitive and machine intelligent image process algorithms. Software technologies and hardware needed for multi tasks are modularized based on the requirements of the mission.The air and ground groups worked along to produce a system that incorporates a comprehensive image of the border whereas remaining cost effective and maintain strict security on the border. The UAV or quad-copter can stay in constant communication with the bottom base to effectively detect and track targets. In addition to this, the system is equipped with functionality to send real-time alert of intruder detected at certain location to nearby patrolling team with the help of android app and real-time database such as firebase. This demonstrates a use of GPS to form autonomous vehicles and the use of image process technology, machine intelligence for aerial visualization and detection of targets.
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399,079 |
Please write an abstract with title: Simulation and evolutionary optimization of electron-beam lithography with genetic and simplex-downhill algorithms, and key words: Lithography, HEMTs, MODFETs, Laboratories, Electromagnetic fields, Microwave technology, Electrons, Genetic algorithms, Optical device fabrication, Frequency. Abstract: Genetic and simplex-downhill (SD) algorithms were used for the optimization of the electron-beam lithography (EBL) step in the fabrication of microwave electronic circuits. The definition of submicrometer structures involves complex exposure patterns that are cumbersome to determine experimentally and very difficult to optimize with linear search algorithms due to the high dimensionality of the search space. An SD algorithm was first used to solve the optimization problem. The large number of parameters and the complex topology of the search space proved too difficult for this algorithm, which could not yield satisfactory patterns. A hybrid approach using genetic algorithms (GAs) for global search, and an SD algorithm for further local optimization, was unable to drastically improve the structures optimized with GAs alone. A carefully studied fitness function was used. It contains mechanisms for reduced dependence on process tolerances. Several methods were studied for the selection, crossover, mutation, and reinsertion operators. The GA was used to predict scanning patterns for 100-nm T-gates and gate profiles with asymmetric recess and the structures were fabricated successfully. The simulation and optimization tool can help shorten response times to alterations of the EBL process by suppressing time-consuming experimental trial-and-error steps.
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399,080 |
Please write an abstract with title: A modular description for collimator geometry in EGS simulation tasks, and key words: Geometry, Solid modeling, Medical simulation, Detectors, Imaging phantoms, Monte Carlo methods, Nuclear medicine, Design optimization, Optical collimators, Cameras. Abstract: EGS is a very common Monte Carlo code, used in the simulation of Nuclear Medicine devices. Simulation techniques are particularly useful, in order to optimize collimator configuration and camera design in Single Photon Emission studies. Using the EGS code, users must define the geometry where particles are transported. This can be both a very hard task and a source of inefficiency, especially in case of complex geometries as, for instance, hexagonal hole collimators or pixellated detectors. In this paper we present a modular description for such geometries. Regions are seen as a basic cell repeated in the space. Our method allows the computation of the region to which a point belongs to in a few steps; thus we are able to calculate this region in a reduced number of operations, independently from the collimator and detector dimensions. We validated the modular description, by performing the characterization of two different collimators: one with square holes and one with hexagonal holes. With modular description we can reduce the computational time up to 25%, with respect to a "traditional" geometric description. It is also possible to simulate a breast phantom for different configurations: each run (one phantom relative to a 10 min acquisition with full photons and electrons transport) would take almost 24 hours on a cluster of four PIII 800 MHz processors.
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399,081 |
Please write an abstract with title: Ad hoc networking with directional antennas: a complete system solution, and key words: Directional antennas, Ad hoc networks, Adaptive control, Adaptive arrays, Directive antennas, Array signal processing, Routing, Testing, Communication switching, Virtual prototyping. Abstract: In this paper, we present UDAAN ("utilizing directional antennas for ad hoc networking"), which is an interacting suite of modular network- and MAC-layer mechanisms for adaptive control of steered or switched antenna systems in an ad hoc network. UDAAN consists of several new mechanisms - a directional power-controlled MAC, neighbor discovery with beamforming, link characterization with directional antennas, proactive routing and forwarding all working cohesively to provide the first complete systems solution. We describe the development of a real-life ad hoc network testbed using UDAAN with switched directional antennas, and we discuss the lessons learned during field trials. High fidelity simulation results, using the same networking code as in the prototype, are also presented. For the range of parameters studied, our results show that UDAAN can produce up to a factor-of-10 improvement in throughput over omni-directional communications.
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399,082 |
Please write an abstract with title: Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Differential Absorption Radar, and key words: Radar remote sensing, Absorption, Radar measurements, Millimeter wave measurements, Systems architecture, Propulsion, Remote sensing. Abstract: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is developing two experimental Differential Absorption Radar (DAR) platforms for remote sensing of water vapor on both Earth and planetary bodies. These are VIPR (Vapor Inside-cloud Profiling Radar), which operates near the 183 GHz water absorption resonance, and WASSR (WAter Sounding Short-range Radar), tuned to the 557 GHz water line. Here we contrast the system architecture for the two experimental instruments and present preliminary results of VIPR's recent airborne deployment.
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399,083 |
Please write an abstract with title: A nonlinear multiscale inversion approach for ambient noise tomography, and key words: Inverse theory, Crustal imaging, Seismic noise, Seismic tomography, Surface waves and free oscillations, Wave propagation. Abstract: Ambient noise tomography (ANT) has been considerably used in the last decade in both academic and industrial research. In this work, we propose an innovative technique for ANT based on nonlinear multiscale inversions. Our method relies on a progressive increase in the model parametrization to reduce the nonlinearity of the inverse problem. The developed method is compared with conventional inversion schemes (linear and nonlinear), using different regularization techniques and two different network configurations. The inversion is tested on 22 different synthetic models including classical checkerboard tests. Furthermore, we performed the inversion using real data from a campaign in 2018 at Cumbre Vieja volcano (Canary Islands). The results obtained on both network configurations show an improvement compared to conventional linear and nonlinear inversion schemes, especially when the ray path density is low. This technique does not require expensive computational resources, making it convenient for small-scale industrial applications, especially in the framework of geothermal exploration.
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399,084 |
Please write an abstract with title: A High Power Density Low Voltage Static Var Generator Based on Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Devices, and key words: Static var generator (SVG), high efficiency, high power density, SiC-MOSFET, interleave. Abstract: The conventional Static Var Generator (SVG) usually uses IGBT as the power device whose switching loss is high, and switching frequency is low, so the size of output filter and heat sink are large, which limits the improvement of its power density and efficiency. The switching frequency of SiC-MOSFET can be more than twice that of IGBT, and it can withstand higher junction temperature, so that the efficiency and power density of SVG devices can be further improved. This paper optimized the design of SVG from the perspectives of inverter topology, switching frequency, power device loss, device cost, filter, heat sink, etc., and proposed a 220V/50kVar SVG based on SiC-MOSFET discrete devices. It is two-level interleaved as the power topology, a single inductance filter as the filter, and its equivalent switching frequency could reach 100 kHz. The volume of the prototype built is 37L, 66% of the conventional IGBT-SVG product, and the power density is 1.35kVar/L, which is 1.62 times that of the conventional IGBT-SVG product. The peak efficiency of the prototype is as high as 99.03%, and the efficiency is up to 98.75% at full load.
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399,085 |
Please write an abstract with title: Perpendicular recording by a narrow track single pole head, and key words: Perpendicular magnetic recording, Magnetic heads, Magnetic field measurement, Crosstalk, Magnetic properties, Large-scale systems, Soft magnetic materials, Magnetic fields, Signal detection, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: The feasibility of high track density recording in a perpendicular magnetic recording system has been investigated. The properties of the magnetic field of a single pole type (SPT) head having a narrow track width were studied by using a large scale model of a head and a medium. The y-field gradient of the SPT head near the track edge is steeper than the x-field gradient of a ring head, and it was confirmed by Bitter technique that the recorded track width acculately coincides with the width of the main pole of the SPT head. Perpendicular recording using the SPT head also has superior off-track characteristics and the crosstalk signal is hardly detected even at very narrow track pitches. From a magnetics point of view, no problems exist in narrowing the track width of the SPT head in perpendicular recording. Narrow track recording and reproducing with SPT head of only 6.5 μm in track width could be achieved with sufficient signal to noise ratio in perpendicular flexible disk systems.
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399,086 |
Please write an abstract with title: Optimal release times in single-stage manufacturing systems with finite production inventory, and key words: Manufacturing systems, Production systems, Optimal control, Cost function, Job shop scheduling, Network servers, Moon, Linear programming, Processor scheduling, Piecewise linear techniques. Abstract: The paper concerns a due-date matching problem in single-stage manufacturing systems with limited production-inventory buffering capacity. The objective is to determine parts' release times so as to minimize a weighted sum of the discrepancies between products' completion times and given due dates. This scheduling problem is formulated as an optimal control problem whose "plant" is modeled by a deterministic queue with finite output buffer, its controls are the release times, and its associated cost function penalizes products' earliness as well as tardiness. Although the optimal control problem appears to be nonconvex and nondifferentiable, we show that it is equivalent to a differentiable, convex programming problem with linear constraints. The problem may have a large number of variables and inequalities, but we decompose it into a finite sequence of one-dimensional problems. We then develop an algorithm for computing the optimal controls and demonstrate its efficacy by means of computational examples.
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399,087 |
Please write an abstract with title: Transistor and pin reordering for gate oxide leakage reduction in dual T/sub ox/ circuits, and key words: Circuits, Tunneling, MOSFETs, Delay effects, Leakage current, Electrons, High K dielectric materials, Design optimization, Nanoscale devices, Transistors. Abstract: Gate oxide tunneling current (I/sub gate/) is emerging as a key roadblock for device scaling in nanometer-scale CMOS circuits. A practical means to reduce I/sub gate/ is to leverage dual T/sub ox/ processes where non-critical transistors are assigned a thicker T/sub ox/. In this paper, we generate a leakage/delay tradeoff curve for dual T/sub ox/ circuits, and propose a transistor and pin reordering technique that has a minimal layout impact to further reduce the total leakage current up to 18% and I/sub gate/ up to 26% without incurring any delay penalty.
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399,088 |
Please write an abstract with title: Knock the Reality: Virtual Interface Registration in Mixed Reality, and key words: Human-centered computing-Human computer interaction (HCI)-Interaction techniques. Abstract: We present Knock the Reality, an interaction technique for virtual interface registration in mixed reality (MR). When a user knocks on a physical object, our technique identifies the object based on a knocking sound and registers a customizable virtual interface onto the object. Unlike computer vision-based methods, our approach does not require continuously processing image information. Instead, we utilize audio features which are less computationally expensive. This work presents our implementation and demonstrates an interaction scenario where a user works in MR. Overall, our method offers a simple and intuitive way to register MR interfaces.
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399,089 |
Please write an abstract with title: Quality of mass-produced lead tungstate crystals, and key words: Crystals, Silicon carbide, Absorption, Annealing, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Optical propagation, Mass production, Wavelength measurement. Abstract: Because of the broad interest in high energy and nuclear physics community, mass production capacities of lead tungstate crystals have been established. The optical and scintillation properties of lead tungstate crystals, 20 each from two major vendors, were evaluated. The transmittance, emission and excitation spectra, light output and light response uniformity of these samples were measured. The degradations of these properties under irradiation, and the emission weighted radiation induced absorption coefficient (EWRIAC) were also studied. It was found that currently mass-produced lead tungstate crystals are radiation hard enough for radiation environments where expected dose rates do not exceed a few hundred rad/h.
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399,090 |
Please write an abstract with title: Interfacial Charge Dynamics of XLPE/EPDM Double Layers by Simultaneous Measurement of Space Charge and Relaxation Current, and key words: Temperature measurement, Polyethylene, Current measurement, Space charge, Conductivity, Dielectric measurement, Charge measurement. Abstract: Simultaneous measurement at various temperatures of space charge and relaxation current is performed on cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) double layers with and without silicone grease. The simultaneous measurement correlates the charge distribution and current information for the same sample and avoids discrepancy, due to the separate measurement on different samples. It is found that the polarity of interfacial charges change to the opposite with the increase in temperature in most samples, which is related to both Maxwell-Wagner polarization and enhanced charge injection and migration at higher temperatures. Bipolar charges appear in the vicinity of interface in some XLPE/EPDM double layers with silicone grease. This phenomenon can be explained by Maxwell-Wagner polarization at two interfaces of XLPE/silicone grease and EPDM/silicone grease. The addition of silicone grease decreases the conductivity of XLPE/EPDM double layers. Based on the proposed three-component exponential decay model, it is found that the interfacial charge movement affects the polarity of induced relaxation current, and the addition of silicone grease decreases the interface trap depth.
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399,091 |
Please write an abstract with title: Contributions of Parvocelular and Magnocellular Pathways to Metacontrast and Target Recovery, and key words: Predictive models, Psychology, Visual system, Computational modeling, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Timing, Neural engineering, Cognitive science, Concurrent computing, System testing. Abstract: The visibility of a target stimulus (T) can be reduced by an aftercoming and spatially non-overlapping mask stimulus (M1), a phenomenon known as metacontrast masking. Interestingly, the visibility of the masked target can be recovered when a secondary mask (M2) is added to the T-M1 sequence. We analyzed a computational model of retino-cortical dynamics (RECOD) and derived the prediction that contrast dependence of metacontrast and target recovery should parallel the contrast dependence of afferent magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, respectively. In a psychophysical experiment, we tested this prediction by varying systematically M2's contrast. At the optimal T-M2 stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), target recovery effect increased with M2's contrast without saturating, but at the optimal T-M2 metacontrast SOA, M1's visibility saturated very rapidly. Quantitative comparisons of psychophysical results with model simulations provide strong support for our prediction. We conclude that metacontrast masking is driven by signals originating from the magnocellular pathway and target recovery in metacontrast is driven by signals originating from the parvocellular pathway. These findings provide a link between the dynamics of the visual system and the architecture of the underlying neural processes
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399,092 |
Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility Study of Skin Conductance Response for Quantifying Individual Dynamic Resilience, and key words: Solids, Skin, Acoustics, Task analysis, Resilience, Testing, Stress measurement. Abstract: Habituation responses to startle stimuli have been linked to individuals' resilience assessment. Derived from skin conductance levels (SCL), individuals' who elicit quicker habituation to startle stimuli typically report possessing higher trait resilience. However, this link has not yet been evaluated in the context of individuals' dynamic resilience. This study examines whether the habituation of skin conductance response (SCR) could be used as a predictive measure for classifying individuals into high, moderate and low dynamic resilience groups. A dynamic decision-making task was paired with an acoustic startle paradigm, in which 53 participants were analyzed while being subjected to acoustic startle stimuli during the task. SCL of the participants were continuously recorded during the 24-minute trials. On the contrary to previous results in the literature supporting a link between skin conductance levels and trait resilience, current results did not show a solid predictive power toward quantification of dynamic resilience. However, the results act as a first step and open the way for further research to consider testing SCL measures as predictors of dynamic resilience in more ecological task environments than in controlled laboratory settings. These more ecological task environments may yield more SCL sensitivity for dynamic resilience measurement, as individuals will experience more naturally fluctuating task load and be required to activate various combinations of cognitive functions to cope with the task stressors.
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399,093 |
Please write an abstract with title: Research on modeling and motion control of a pendulous spherical robot, and key words: Adaptation models, Simulation, Dynamics, Kinematics, Interference, Mathematical models, Robustness. Abstract: Aiming at the motion control problem of a disturbed spherical mobile robot, a linear and steering motion control method based on nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC) technology is proposed. This method uses Euler-Lagrange to study the dynamic characteristics of the spherical shell, frame and pendulum of XK-I spherical robot, and establishes the coupling multi-body dynamic model of the robot. Based on the actual motion control of XK-I spherical robot, the control equations were decoupled and the linear and steering motion controllers were designed in combination with the nonlinear ADRC technology. A comparative test study of PID, variable parameters PID(VAPID) and ADRC was conducted. Simulation results show that the XK-I spherical robot ADRC controller has better anti-interference performance.
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399,094 |
Please write an abstract with title: Porous silicon vapor sensor with phase detection electronics, and key words: Silicon, Phase detection, Circuit testing, Humidity, Capacitive sensors, Transducers, Kinetic theory, Dielectric constant, Electronic circuits, Linearity. Abstract: A novel vapor sensor is presented comprising a capacitive porous silicon (PS) transducer and phase-detection electronics. Sensing of ambient vapor concentration by adsorption-diffusion-condensation kinetics of vapor molecules, by the PS layer leading to a change of its dielectric constant is modeled with an effective medium approximation (EMA). A simple but precise phase sensitive electronic circuit has been developed. This detects any change of phase of a sinusoidal signal transmitted through the PS dielectric and correlates with ambient vapor concentration. The sensor is tested in combination with the phase detection circuitry in case of relative humidity. Excellent linearity over the entire range of relative humidity is achieved. Experimental results show a resolution better than 0.1% and accuracy 2% (near the transition region) and better than 0.1% (otherwise). The response time is less than 10 sec. with good stability.
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399,095 |
Please write an abstract with title: On the pre-training of boys for apprenticeship as electricians, and key words: Electric fields, Inductance, Discharges (electric), Oscillators, Magnetomechanical effects, Magnetic circuits, Antenna accessories. Abstract: The President: The next item is No. 5 on the agenda. It gives me very great pleasure to-night, gentlemen, to welcome, on your behalf, Mr. W. J. Horne, a visitor to this Institute. Mr. Horne, as most of you know, is Organiser of Technical Education in the Transvaal, and has very kindly offered to give a paper this evening on “The Pre-Training of Boys as Apprentice Elecricians.” It is a matter most of us have at heart, and I am sure Mr. Horne's address will be very acceptable to us. I will now call on Mr. Home to give us his paper.
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399,096 |
Please write an abstract with title: Yolo-Based Multi-Model Ensemble for Plastic Waste Detection Along Railway Lines, and key words: Surveillance, Geoscience and remote sensing, Cameras, Rail transportation, Plastics. Abstract: A rapidly increasing amount of plastic waste not only cause serious environmental issues but also pose a considerable threat to the rail transportation. It is important to monitor the intrusion of floating plastics into the railway area. In this article, we propose to detect plastic waste using You Only Look Once-v5 (YOLO-v5) algorithm and model ensemble through surveillance cameras installed along railway lines. Experiments on the size of YOLO-v5 model were carried out to find the optimal size to detect plastics. The model with large size (YOLOv51) outperformed with an overall accuracy (OA) of 82.6% and mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.822. Two ensemble modelling strategies were implemented considering different size combination of YOLO-v5 models including 1) nano, small and medium sizes; 2) nano, small, medium and large sizes. The latter one achieved the best result with the OA equal to 85.4% and the mAP equal to 0.834. The results indicate that YOLO-based ensemble model can effectively improve the performance of detection plastic waste using surveillance cameras and the acquired knowledge has great potential to UAV- and satellite-based high-resolution imagery.
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399,097 |
Please write an abstract with title: Parity space-based model mismatch detection for linear discrete time-invariant systems with unknown disturbances, and key words: Generators, System performance, Benchmark testing, Sensitivity, Degradation, Fault detection, Aerospace electronics. Abstract: Model mismatch is one of the main factors of control performance degradation. In this paper, a new model mismatch detection approach with parity space-based methods is proposed for linear discrete time-invariant (LDTI) systems. This paper establishes a parity space-based residual evaluation function for the detection of model mismatch. The problem of parity space-based model mismatch is formulated on a state space model of a LDTI system. A standard evaluation function and its thresholds for the detection of model mismatch are proposed by providing the parity model-based residuals. It is shown the proposed approach results in an optimal fault detectability without any assumptions on the probability distribution of unknown disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by the simulation study of the paper machine head box control example.
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399,098 |
Please write an abstract with title: Named Entity Recognition Method with Word Position, and key words: Text recognition, Target recognition, Conferences, Neural networks, Organizations, Information retrieval, Data mining. Abstract: Named entity recognition (also known as entity recognition, entity segmentation and entity extraction) is a sub task of information extraction. It aims to locate and classify named entities in text into predefined categories, such as people, organization, location, time expression, etc. Compared with English, there are more unsolved problems in Chinese named entity recognition. Named entities in English have obvious formal signs, that is, the first letter of every word in entities should be capitalized, and entity boundary recognition is relatively easy. Compared with English, the task of Chinese named entity recognition is more complex, and the recognition of entity boundary is more difficult. In this paper, we propose a named entity method by adding the word position, which embeds the word position of each word into the word vector, in order to better recognize the boundary of Chinese named entity. The experimental results show that the F1 value of the named entity recognition method proposed in this paper increases by about 1%.
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399,099 |
Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of high-peed multi-level QAM modems based on Xilinx Virtex-II FPGA, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Modems, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Finite impulse response filter, Clocks, Matched filters, Digital filters, Bit rate, Mathematical model, Pulse modulation. Abstract: This paper describes an implementation of high-speed multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modems using Xilinx Virtex-II field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The design starts with system-level simulations and exploits different architectures and algorithms available for digital filters, which is a key component of a QAM modem. System efficiency is highlighted with the parallel-pipelined structure and look-up table based implementation, such that the design benefits from performance as well as chip size. Sufficient arithmetic precision is employed in the internal data-path to avoid the possibility of overflow so that the digital filter always presents a full-precision result at its output; thus precision need not be sacrificed to attain high-speed. The benchmarks indicate that the maximum input bit rate can reach 330 Mbps for 64-QAM.
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