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following year , his martial brothers come and pull the building down , forcing him to return home and take care of his mother . the quoted death date is not only unreliable because the book is fiction , but also because the xu ##an he reign era of emperor hui ##zong lasted only seven years ( 111 ##9 – 112 ##5 ) and not seventeen . although the story of yue fei states zhou died shortly before yue took a wife , he historically died after yue married . it is likely that the original author invented this fictional date . according to the story of yue fei , zhou was married with a son . but zhou comments that his " old wife "
| 409 |
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died and his " small son " was killed in battle against the lia ##os after leaving with the outlaw lu jun ##yi to fight in the war . in the legend of zhou tong , his wife is named meng cu ##iy ##ing ( [UNK] [UNK] 英 ) and his son is named zhou yun ##qing ( [UNK] [UNK] 清 ) . he defeats meng in a lei tai martial arts contest and wins her as his wife . but she is shortly thereafter kidnapped by the wicked monks of the stone buddha temple . both zhou and meng eventually defeat the monks with their combined martial skills and later marry at the mia ##och ##uan pass in hub ##ei province . zhou yun ##qing
| 920 |
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] | 2,602 |
first appears as a fierce , imp ##ulsive young man who rides his horse into the thick of enemy en ##camp ##ments wielding a long spear . he later dies in battle against the lia ##o dynasty . after his son ' s death , zhou retreat ##s to the xiang ##gu ##o temple for a long morning period . he later takes seven @ - @ year @ - @ old yue fei as his adopted son and sole heir years after the boy ' s father drown ##s in a great flood : " i see that he [ yue fei ] is clever and handsome and i , an old man , wish to have him as my adopted son . . .
| 251 |
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] | 2,603 |
he need change neither his name nor his surname . i only want him to call me father temporarily so that i can faithful ##ly transmit all the skills i have learned in my life to a single person . later , when i die , all he has to do is to bury my old bones in the earth and not allow them to be exposed , and that is all " . however , after comparing events from the story of yue fei and an account of yue ' s life from the sixteenth @ - @ century work restoration of the great song dynasty : the story of king yue ( 大 [UNK] 中 [UNK] [UNK] 王 [UNK] ) , literary critic c
| 920 |
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. t . hs ##ia concluded " that his father did not [ historically ] die in the flood and that , although yue ##h fei showed almost fi ##lia ##l regard for the memory of his teacher cho ##u t ' un ##g 同 ( not [UNK] ) , the latter had not been his adopted father " . the restoration of the great song was one of the earliest of four " historical novels " ( fictional ##ized d ##yna ##stic ch ##ron ##ologies ) written about yue during the ming dynasty , all of which pre ##date the story of yue fei . despite the addition of popular legends , xi ##ong dam ##u ( fl 155 ##2 ) , the author of
| 172 |
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the the story of king yue , relied heavily on historical ch ##ron ##ologies including zhu xi ' s ( 113 ##0 – 1200 ) outlines and details based on the t ' un ##g @ - @ chi ##en , yue ke ' s family memoir , and the yuan dynasty ' s official yue fei biography to write his story . so , the story of yue fei was the first full @ - @ blown fictional ##ized novel to introduce the adoption storyline . = = = appearance and voice = = = he is generally portrayed as a large elderly man with a powerful voice . a modern folk ##tale by noted yang ##zhou story ##tell ##er wang sha ##ota ##ng (
| 701 |
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1889 – 1968 ) , whom folklore researcher vibe ##ke b ##ø ##rda ##hl called " the un ##ri ##vale ##d master of this [ the 20th ] century " , describes zhou thus , " he was beyond the age of fifty , he was more than fifty , and standing upright he measured about eight feet . his face had a golden tan , arched brows , a pair of bright eyes , a regular head form , a square mouth , a pair of protruding ears , and under his chin there were three locks of beard , a gr ##iz ##zle ##d beard . on his head he wore a sky @ - @ blue satin scarf , and he was dressed
| 67 |
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in a state ##ly sky @ - @ blue satin coat with a silk ##en gi ##rd ##le , a pair of wide black trousers without crotch and satin boots with thin sole ##s " . heroes and religious masters with above normal height are a recurring theme in chinese folklore . for instance , his student wu song is said to be over nine feet tall in the same folk ##tale . in the story of yue fei , the general simultaneously duel ##s with two other warriors v ##ying for first place in a military exam ; one is nine feet tall and the other is eight feet tall . a ha ##gio ##graphy of the tao ##ist saint zhang da ##olin ##g states
| 283 |
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he was over seven feet tall . when zhou is vocal ##ized in " yang ##zhou storytelling " , he speaks in " square mouth public talk " , which is a manner of speaking reserved for martial heroes , highly respected characters , or , sometimes , lesser characters that pretend to be an important hero . square mouth public talk is actually a mixture of two forms of dialogue : fang ##kou and gu ##an ##bai . fang ##kou ( square mouth ) is a manner of steady , yet forceful over pronunciation of dialogue that was possibly influenced by northern chinese opera . gu ##an ##bai ( public talk ) is mono ##logue and dialogue that is sometimes used for " imposing heroes
| 703 |
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" . this mixture of styles means zhou tong is treated as a highly regarded hero . in her analysis of yang ##zhou storytelling , b ##ø ##rda ##hl noted that the aforementioned tale about zhou and wu song uses different forms of dialogue for both characters . wu speaks square mouth utilizing standard mandarin without rush ##eng ( short g ##lot ##tal syllables ) . on the contrary , zhou speaks square ##mouth using the yang ##zhou tone system , which does utilize rush ##eng syllables . therefore , she believes " square mouth dialogue should at least be divided into two sub ##cate ##gor ##ies , namely the wu song variant — without rush ##eng , and the zhou tong variant — with rush
| 282 |
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] | 2,610 |
##eng " . the water margin ( c . 1400 ) is a ming dynasty military romance about one hundred and eight demons @ - @ born @ - @ men and women who band together to rebel against the lavish song dynasty government . lin chong and lu jun ##yi , two of these outlaws , are briefly mentioned as being zhou ' s previous students in the story of yue fei . they are not characters within the main plot , though , as both are killed by " villain ##ous officials " prior to zhou becoming pre ##ce ##pt of the wang household . most importantly , the two were not among his historical students since they are fictional characters . zhou '
| 423 |
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s portrayal as their teacher is connected to a recurring element in chinese fiction where tang and song dynasty heroes train under a " celestial master " , usually a tao ##ist immortal , prior to their military exploits . c . t . hs ##ia suggests the mold from which all other similar teachers are cast is gui ##gu ##zi , master of the feud ##ing st ##rate ##gist ##s sun bin and pang juan , from the yuan dynasty tale latter volume of the spring and autumn annals of the seven kingdoms ( [UNK] 國 春 秋 後 [UNK] ) . hs ##ia goes on to say that qi ##an cai , yue ' s fictional biographer , associated zhou with the outlaws because
| 416 |
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" most such teachers [ in the military romance genre ] are celestial ##s " with at least two students . but in adopting this format , qi ##an reversed the traditional pattern of " celestial tu ##tel ##age " since zhou is written as a human , while his students are rein ##car ##nation ##s of demons ( lin and lu ) and the celestial bird ga ##rud ##a ( yue fei ) . although lin and lu have been connected to zhou since the early qing dynasty , wu song did not become associated with him until wang sha ##ota ##ng created a 20th @ - @ century folk ##tale in which the two meet in kai ##feng . the tale takes place during
| 399 |
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] | 2,613 |
wu ' s mission to kai ##feng , but before the murder of his older brother wu dal ##ang . zhou teaches wu the " rolling dragon " style of sword ##play during the constable ' s one @ - @ month stay in the capital city . this tale was chapter two of wang ' s " ten chapters on wu song " storytelling repertoire , which was later transcribed and published in the book wu sung in 1959 . it eventually carried over into the storyline of iron arm , golden sabre and , subsequently , the legend of zhou tong . in the latter version , wu instead learns chu ##o jia ##o boxing from zhou during a two month stay in the
| 431 |
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] | 2,614 |
capital . wang ' s tale portrays zhou as an aging it ##iner ##ant sword ##master with " a fame rev ##er ##ber ##ating like thunder " throughout the underworld society of jiang ##hu . he is made the sworn brother of the outlaw " flower ##y monk " lu z ##his ##hen , a military officer @ - @ turned @ - @ fighting monk , who is , according to hs ##ia , first among the most popular protagonists of the water margin . he is also given the nickname " iron arm " ( [UNK] [UNK] [UNK] ) , which carried over into the title of his fictional biography iron arm , golden sabre . while the tale fails to explain the reason
| 920 |
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] | 2,615 |
for the moniker , it does mention zhou ' s ability to direct his qi to any part of his body to make it hard enough to over ##power the " iron shirt " technique of another martial artist . furthermore , zhou shares the same nickname with cai fu , an execution ##er @ - @ turned @ - @ outlaw known for his ease in wielding a heavy sword . because of his association with these outlaws , zhou is often confused with the similarly named outlaw " little conqueror " zhou tong . in the water margin , this zhou tong is a bandit chief of mount peach blossom whom lu z ##his ##hen beats for trying to forcibly marry the daughter of
| 28 |
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the liu family . he dies later under the sword of li tian ##run , an officer in the rebel army of fang la . so , the connection between both zhou ' s is based solely on the romanized transcription of their name . the story of yue fei comments lu jun ##yi is zhou ' s last student prior to taking on seven @ - @ year @ - @ old yue fei and his three sworn @ - @ brothers wang gui , tang hua ##i ( [UNK] [UNK] ) and zhang xi ##an ( 張 [UNK] ) . he teaches them literary and military lessons on even and odd days . the novel says yue is talented in all manners of "
| 920 |
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literary and military matters " and even sur ##pass ##es the skill of lin and lu . after yue acquire ##s his " supernatural spear of dripping water " , zhou tutor ##s all of his students in the eighteen weapons of war , but each excel ##s with one in particular ; yue fei and tang hua ##i , the spear ; zhang xi ##an , the hook @ - @ sick ##le spear and wang gui , the yan ##yu ##e da ##o . all of them learn the skill of archery in addition . some of these and other children are mentioned in yue ke ' s memoir as being his grandfather ' s historical childhood friends , but they are never specified
| 48 |
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as being zhou ' s students . books written by modern @ - @ day martial artists make many claims that are not cong ##ru ##ent with historical documents or current scholarly thought . for instance , internal ##ist yang j ##wing @ - @ ming says zhou was a scholar who studied martial arts in the sha ##olin monastery and later took yue as his student after the young man worked as a tenant farmer for the official @ - @ general han qi ( [UNK] [UNK] , 100 ##8 – 107 ##5 ) . during this time , he learned all types of military weapons , horseback riding , and hand @ - @ to @ - @ hand combat . the general later
| 396 |
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] | 2,619 |
created xi ##ng ##yi and eagle claw boxing from his internal and external training under zhou . however , history prof . mei ##r shah ##ar notes that unarmed boxing styles did not develop at sha ##olin until the late ming dynasty . he also states that ji family memoirs and qing dynasty records suggest xi ##ng ##yi was created hundreds of years after the death of yue by a spear ##play ##er named ji ji ##ke ( fl . 1651 ) . in addition , the appearance of han qi in the story is a chronological ana ##ch ##ron ##ism since he died nearly 30 years before yue ' s birth . yue historically worked as a tenant farmer and bodyguard for descendants of han
| 423 |
[
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".",
"their"
] | 2,620 |
qi in 112 ##4 after leaving the military upon the death of his father in late 112 ##2 , but he learned from zhou well before this time . eagle claw grandmaster ##s leung shu ##m and lily lau believe " jo ##w tong " ( the cantonese rendering of his name ) was a monk who brought young yue to the sha ##olin monastery and taught him a set of hand techniques , which yue later adapted to create his ying ku ##en ( eagle fist ) . liang sho ##uy ##u states practitioners of em ##ei da ##pen ##g qi ##gong believe yue trained under zhou as a child and competed to become china ' s top fighter at an early age . their
| 50 |
[
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"who",
"yue"
] | 2,621 |
lineage story di ##cta ##tes zhou also took yue to a " buddhist hermit " who taught him said qi ##gong style . northern praying man ##tis master yue ##n man ##kai says zhou taught yue the " same school " of martial arts as he did his water margin students and that the general was the origin ##ator of the praying man ##tis technique " black tiger steel ##ing [ sic ] heart " . although martial arts historian stanley hen ##ning admits that yue ' s biographies do not mention boxing , he says " he [ yue ] almost certainly did practice some form of bare handed fighting " to prepare for his weapons training . but he does not suggest who yue
| 67 |
[
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"and",
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"students",
"."
] | 2,622 |
might have learned it from . there is insufficient historical evidence to support the claim he knew any skills beyond archery . contemporary records never once mention zhou teaching yue boxing . despite this , various wu ##xia novels and folk legends have attributed many different military and supernatural skills to zhou . these range from mastery of the bow , double swords and chinese spear to that of wu ##dan ##g hard qi ##gong , chu ##oj ##ia ##o boxing and even x @ - @ ray vision . wang sha ##ota ##ng ' s folk ##tale even represents him as a master of drunken eight immortals boxing . zhou can also be linked to these combat arts through his historical and folklore students .
| 397 |
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] | 2,623 |
practitioners of eagle claw , chu ##oj ##ia ##o and xi ##ng ##yi commonly include him within their lineage history because of his association with yue fei , the supposed pro ##gen ##itor of these styles . yue ##n man ##kai believes zhou taught lin chong and lu jun ##yi the " same school " of martial arts that was later combined with seventeen other schools to create man ##tis fist . this combination of various schools refers to an eighteenth @ - @ century martial arts manual that describes the gathering of eighteen masters at the sha ##olin monastery that supposedly took place during the early years of the song dynasty . lin chong and yan qing are listed as two of the eighteen masters
| 97 |
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",",
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] | 2,624 |
invited , which means their skills of mandarin duck leg and ground fighting are treated as two separate schools , instead of one . but he believes man ##tis fist was created during the ming dynasty , and was therefore influenced by these eighteen schools from the song . he also says lu jun ##yi taught yan qing the same martial arts as he learned from zhou . very few references are made to the people who supposedly taught martial arts to zhou . in the legend of zhou tong , he learns as a child from a sha ##olin master named tan zheng ##fan ##g . practitioners of chu ##oj ##ia ##o claim he learned the style from its creator , a wandering tao ##ist
| 393 |
[
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] | 2,625 |
named deng liang . practitioners of geo ##k ga ##r ku ##en , a style attributed to yue fei , believe he studied under han de , a " chi ##val ##rous person " from sha ##an ##xi . = = in popular culture = = zhou has appeared in various kinds of media including novels , comic books , and movies . apart from the story of yue fei and iron arm , golden sabre , he appears in a novel based around his older martial arts brother , jin tai . a recent graphic novel of the story of yue fei , del ##ete ##s all mythological elements from the storyline and presents it in a historical manner . instead of traveling from he
| 825 |
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] | 2,626 |
##bei to hub ##ei to inspect land , zhou travels from sha ##an ##xi to kai ##feng city in henan to visit an old friend who had been promoted to general . while en route to the capital city , zhou takes note of a great famine pl ##ag ##uing the peasant ##ry and even hears stories of some people resort ##ing to can ##ni ##bal ##ism . however , when he arrives in kai ##feng , he sees the empire is wasting money on the construction of large imperial gardens , the court officials cai jing and wang pu have extravagant reside ##ncies , and hears that even eun ##uch ##s are rich because they are given high government posts . upon locating his friend
| 413 |
[
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] | 2,627 |
, zhou is distressed to find him in stocks and shack ##les and being escorted to the far ##thest reaches of china by imperial guards . he later learns that the general had accidentally offended some court officials and was sentenced to permanent exile on some trump ##ed up charges . apparently having little or no money , zhou decides to visit wang ming in hub ##ei ( mistakenly called he ##bei ) and becomes the estate ' s tutor . another noticeable difference in the storyline takes place when zhou travels with his teenage disciples to visit his friend the abbot . instead of yue wandering behind the temple to battle the magical snake , he stays with zhou and the abbot , while the
| 188 |
[
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] | 2,628 |
other disciples go off to explore . zhou watches as the abbot tests yue ' s strength by asking him to move an ornate three @ - @ hundred pound copper stove dating from the han dynasty . the abbot then lifts a stone floor tile and presents the boy with a large book on military strategy . he goes on to tell yue how he was once a great soldier who fought in campaigns against the lia ##o and western xi ##a empires , but became a monk after the song agreed to become a vassal of each state . he later made a name for himself by teaching military skills to youths from the surrounding area . since he has no heir of his
| 423 |
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",",
"he"
] | 2,629 |
own , the abbot presents yue with his own personal spear and ins ##truct ##s him in the proper use of the weapon . zhou kindly protests the gift at first , but allows yue to keep it out of friendship . a second graphic novel ##ization drastically changes the storyline involving zhou . like the original , zhou becomes the tutor of the wang estate , but , when news of his arrival prompt ##s rich families to send their sons to learn from him , he is forced to accept drove ##s of these students on a trial basis . he eventually chooses his friends ' sons as his indoor disciples and yue as his " god ##child " . years later , he
| 79 |
[
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"of",
"one",
"hundred",
"days",
"before"
] | 2,630 |
takes his now teenage students not to see the buddhist abbot , but to teach them military strategy out in the mountain wilderness . yue senses trouble after his martial brothers separate to explore the forest and rushes off to rescue them , only to be confronted by a monstrous snake . after van ##qui ##shing the beast with his sword , yue discovers a magic glowing spear within a cave and reports back to zhou . following their training , zhou becomes ill from over ##ex ##po ##sure to the cold mountain air on the return trip home and dies soon after . instead of just yue , all of his students live beside his grave for a mourning period of one hundred days before
| 399 |
[
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"'",
"s",
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"a",
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"town",
"while",
"gathering"
] | 2,631 |
returning home to their families . these events take place three years before zhou originally died in the story of yue fei . stories including zhou have also been used to educate . the secondary school system of hong kong teaches children the value of mentor ##ship by making them read about the close teacher @ - @ pupil relationship between zhou and yue . a morale tale called " yue fei studies archery " in children ' s pictorial , a chinese magazine tailored for children ages two through seven , demonstrates how great achievements are only made possible via dil ##igen ##t practice . the story states how young yue stumble ##s upon zhou ' s training hall in a neighboring town while gathering
| 48 |
[
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"away",
".",
"he",
"is",
"mentioned",
"numerous",
"times",
"in",
"author"
] | 2,632 |
fire wood . yue applies to become a student , but zhou tells him he must first practice the art of the " far @ - @ sighted person " by staring into the morning sun to improve his eyes ##ight . after years of un ##rel ##enting practice , yue is able to spot a lone goose flying off in the distance and two ci ##ca ##das on a tree far into the forest . zhou then officially takes him as his disciple and adopted son . under his tu ##tel ##age , yue is able to master the eighteen weapons of war and to shoot a falling leaf from one @ - @ hundred paces away . he is mentioned numerous times in author
| 286 |
[
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] | 2,633 |
robert lip ##aru ##lo ' s thriller dead ##lock ( 2009 ) . zhou is first featured in chapter eight during a conversation between the main character john " hut ##ch " hutchinson , a journalist bent on stopping the mania ##cal plans of a billionaire madman , and his friend ' s young son dillon , an archery enthusiast . when hut ##ch asks him if he had ever heard of the archery @ - @ champion @ - @ turned @ - @ actor howard hill , dillon replies : " i don ' t think so . . . you told me about zhou tong " . hut ##ch then says : " oh , yeah . zhou tong was something . taught
| 736 |
[
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] | 2,634 |
the song dynasty to be the best military archers in history . but howard hill [ was the best ] " . later in chapter fifty , while hut ##ch is trailing a killer through an airport , a page goes out over the inter ##com system for a " mr . zhou tong " . when the page goes out again , hut ##ch muse ##s : " zhou tong had been a famous archery teacher and military arts tutor in the song dynasty . [ dillon and i ] had long telephone conversations about him , because of tong ' s blending of archery skills and self @ - @ discipline . he was an inspiration to [ me ] . dillon had sensed
| 27 |
[
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"jet",
"li",
"'",
"s"
] | 2,635 |
that and wanted to known everything about him " . he finally realizes that the page had to have been left by dillon ' s mother laura to catch his attention . the page is sent to warn him of a trap , but hut ##ch receives it too late . screen actors who have portrayed zhou in film ' s from the 1940s and 1960s include wong sa ##u ni ##n , li ming , and jing ci bo . jing starred alongside a ten @ - @ year @ - @ old sam ##mo hung , who played young yue fei . veteran martial arts actor yu cheng ##hui , who played the sword @ - @ wielding antagonist in jet li ' s
| 736 |
[
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","
] | 2,636 |
sha ##olin temple , stated in a 2005 newspaper interview that he never shaved his trademark beard , even at the request of movie producers , because he wanted to portray zhou in a future film . he went on to say " he is an outstanding ##ly able person from the northern and southern song dynasties and many water margin heroes are his disciples . this person is very important in the martial arts and many people want to portray him in films " . = romanian land forces = the romanian land forces ( romanian : forte ##le ter ##est ##re roman ##e ) is the army of romania , and the main component of the romanian armed forces . in recent years ,
| 748 |
[
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] | 2,637 |
full professional ##isation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the force . the romanian land forces were founded on 24 november [ o . s . 12 november ] 1859 . they participated in world war i , together with the russian empire forces in actions against the central powers and , despite initial set ##backs , won the decisive battles of mara ##sti and mara ##ses ##ti . during most of world war ii ( until august 23 , 1944 ) romanian forces supported the axis powers , fighting against the soviet union on the eastern front . from august 1944 until the end of the war , romania fought against germany under the control of the soviet union . when
| 959 |
[
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"the",
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] | 2,638 |
the communists seized power after the second world war , the army underwent reorganisation and soviet ##ization . following the romanian revolution , due to shortage of funds , many units were disbanded and much equipment was phased out . likewise , romanian military capability declined because of a lack of fuel as well as training . however , since the late 1990s , a number of positive changes have come about and the level of combat readiness is growing greatly ; since 1996 , the military budget has grown more than four times - rising from 63 ##6 million dollars to 2 @ . @ 8 billion dollars in 2007 . conscription has been abolished and professional ##isation has been completed . the land forces
| 350 |
[
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"g"
] | 2,639 |
represent the most important component of the romanian armed forces and they are des ##tina ##ted for execution of various military actions , with terrestrial or aero ##mobile character , in any zone or direction . the land forces must , independently or together with other romanian military branches , conduct operations and defensive or offensive battles , for capture , or destruction of the invading enemy , being part of national , or multinational military structures . a part of the units which compose the current operational structure of the land forces , must be able to conduct military operations outside the national territory , together with the international military forces . the first attempt to create an independent romanian army was made by g
| 946 |
[
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"nikolai",
"konstantin",
"##ovich",
",",
"grand"
] | 2,640 |
##he ##org ##he mag ##her ##u during the 1848 wall ##achi ##an revolution , and it was based at ra ##ure ##ni ( now part of ram ##nic ##u val ##cea ) . however , mag ##her ##u rapidly ordered his troops to di ##sb ##and when the ottoman forces swept into bucharest to stop the revolution . = = = romanian war of independence = = = the current romanian land forces were formed in 1859 , immediately after the unification of wall ##achi ##a with mold ##avia , and were commanded by alexa ##nd ##ru io ##an cu ##za , dom ##ni ##tor of romania until his abd ##ication in 1866 . in 1877 , at the request of nikolai konstantin ##ovich , grand
| 105 |
[
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"##s",
"met",
"little"
] | 2,641 |
duke of russia the romanian army fused with the russian forces , and led by king carol i , fought in what was to become the romanian war of independence . they participated in the siege of pl ##ev ##na and several other battles . the romanian ##s won the war , but suffered about 27 @ , @ 000 casualties . until world war i , the romanian army didn ' t face any other serious actions . the romanian army entered the second balkan war against bulgaria , allowing romania to annex southern do ##br ##uj ##a ( also known as the cad ##ril ##ater ) . although some 330 @ , @ 000 troops were mob ##ilised , the romanian ##s met little
| 236 |
[
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"##nh",
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"november",
","
] | 2,642 |
resistance in bulgaria and as such this is not considered a major conflict in romanian history . this was due to historical claims on land . this area no longer belongs to romania . on july 6 , 1916 , romania declared war on germany and austria @ - @ hungary , following the initial success of the br ##us ##ilo ##v offensive ( a major russian offensive against the armies of the central powers on the eastern front ) . the romanian armies entered transylvania ( then part of the austro @ - @ hungarian empire ) , together with russian forces . however , german forces under the command of general erich von fa ##lke ##nh ##ay ##n stalled the attack in november ,
| 947 |
[
"1916",
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"by",
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"##up",
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"against",
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"and",
"austro",
"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 2,643 |
1916 , and drove back the romanian ##s . at the same time , austrian and turkish troops invaded southern romania , forcing the country into a two @ - @ front war . the central powers drove deep into romania and conquered the south of the country ( wall ##achi ##a , including bucharest ) by the end of 1916 . the romanian forces , led by marshal constantin pre ##zan , retreated into the north @ - @ east part of romania ( mold ##avia ) . in the summer of 1917 however , pre ##zan , aided by the future marshal , general ion anton ##escu , successfully defended the remaining uno ##cc ##up ##ied territories against german and austro @ - @
| 95 |
[
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"forces",
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"in",
"1918",
".",
"after"
] | 2,644 |
hungarian forces led by field marshal august von mack ##ense ##n . general alexa ##nd ##ru ave ##res ##cu led the second army in the victories of the battle of mara ##sti ( july 22 to august 1 , 1917 ) and the battle of mara ##ses ##ti ( august 6 to september 8 , 1917 ) . as a result of the russian revolution , romania was left isolated and unable to continue the war , and was forced to sign the treaty of bucharest with the central powers . later on , in 1919 , germany agreed , in the treaty of versailles article 259 , to reno ##unce all the benefits provided to it by the treaty of bucharest in 1918 . after
| 116 |
[
"the",
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"thessaloniki",
"front",
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"which",
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"-",
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"i",
",",
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"the",
"kingdom",
"of",
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".",
"as",
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"april",
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",",
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"soviet",
"republic",
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"and",
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"troops",
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"1919",
".",
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"to",
"1939",
"in",
"transylvania",
"inspector",
"##ate",
"general",
"of",
"army",
"no",
".",
"3"
] | 2,645 |
the successful offensive on the thessaloniki front , which put bulgaria out of the war , romania re @ - @ entered the war on november 10 , 1918 , a day before its end in the west . = = = hungarian @ - @ romanian war of 1919 = = = after world war i , transylvania proclaimed union with the kingdom of romania . as a result , in april 1919 , the newly established hungarian soviet republic vowed to re ##take the region by force , and hungarian troops attacked romanian formations in transylvania . the romanian army defeated the hungarians and conquered budapest in august 1919 . from 1921 to 1939 in transylvania inspector ##ate general of army no . 3
| 95 |
[
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"\"",
"in",
"the",
"inter"
] | 2,646 |
had subordinate the 6th and 7th army corps . by 1 april 1921 , when he disbanded forces western command , to order 6th army corps ( and earlier structures ) have been generals pre ##zan constantin , constantin christ ##escu tr ##aia ##n mo ##so ##iu , mar ##dar ##escu george , nicholas and arthur va ##ito ##ian ##u et al . after 1 april 1921 to 23 march 1939 , c . 6 a . was commissioned by general nicholas pet ##al , dani ##la pop han ##zu alexander , john pro ##dan , mo ##tas du ##mit ##ru g ##he ##org ##he flores ##cu and christie doe , prominent military leaders , whom oct ##avian go ##ga wrote that " in the inter
| 955 |
[
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"and",
"subsequently",
"took",
"part",
"in"
] | 2,647 |
##war period , in cl ##uj in transylvania , commanders have made a large @ - @ scale opera and unanimous praise . " three divisions were part of 6th army corps : 16th ( de ##j ) , 17th ( or ##ade ##a ) and 20th infantry divisions ( tar ##gu @ - @ mu ##res ) . with rapid and marked worse ##ning international situation , especially in neighboring romania , on 22 september 1939 , the 4th army , recently founded , became army group command no . 1 of transylvania . after general ( later marshal ) ion anton ##escu took power in september 1940 , romania signed the trip ##art ##ite pact with the axis powers and subsequently took part in
| 996 |
[
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"5th",
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"corps",
",",
"the",
"11th",
"army"
] | 2,648 |
operation bar ##bar ##ossa in 1941 . an expeditionary force invaded the soviet union in be ##ssar ##abia and southern ukraine , alongside the german wehrmacht . the expeditionary force , ' army group anton ##escu , ' was composed on 22 june 1941 of the 3rd army , the 4th army , the 2nd army corps , and the 11th infantry division . the 3rd army comprised the 4th army corps ( 6th and 7th infantry divisions ) , the cavalry corps , the mountain corps , two separate artillery battalion , a ta unit , and the air force ' s 3rd army cooperation command . the 4th army consisted of the 3rd army corps , the 5th army corps , the 11th army
| 993 |
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"the",
"eleventh",
"army",
",",
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"munchen",
",",
"enabled",
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"to",
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"##take",
"the",
"territory",
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"east",
"of",
"the",
"d",
"##nist",
"##er",
",",
"former",
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"of",
"mold",
"##avia",
".",
"the",
"romanian",
"armies",
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"their",
"first",
"major",
"battles",
"at",
"odessa",
"and",
"se",
"##vas",
"##top",
"##ol",
",",
"and",
"in",
"1942",
"advanced",
"with",
"other",
"axis",
"forces",
"deeper",
"into",
"soviet"
] | 2,649 |
corps ( two fortress brigades ) , and the 4th army cooperation command . the army group @ - @ level 2nd army corps , under major general n . mac ##ici , controlled the 9th and 10th infantry divisions and the 7th cavalry brigade . additionally the 1st armoured division was formed for service on the eastern front . the army group ' s first offensive , in conjunction with the eleventh army , operation munchen , enabled romania to re ##take the territory immediately east of the d ##nist ##er , former part of mold ##avia . the romanian armies saw their first major battles at odessa and se ##vas ##top ##ol , and in 1942 advanced with other axis forces deeper into soviet
| 993 |
[
"territory",
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"blue",
".",
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"1942",
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"##grad",
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"by",
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"losses",
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"some",
"158",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"personnel",
".",
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"april",
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"may",
"1944",
"the",
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"forces",
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"by",
"general",
"mi",
"##hai",
"ra",
"##co",
"##vita",
",",
"together",
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"elements",
"of",
"the",
"german",
"eighth",
"army",
"were",
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"for",
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"romania",
"during",
"the",
"soviet",
"first",
"ja",
"##ss",
"##y",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ki"
] | 2,650 |
territory during operation blue . the greatest disaster for the romanian expeditionary force on the eastern front came at stalin ##grad , where , during the soviet counter @ - @ offensive of november 1942 , the thin ##ly spread forces of the third army ( deployed north of stalin ##grad ) and of the fourth army ( deployed south of stalin ##grad ) were attacked by vastly superior soviet forces and suffered combined losses of some 158 @ , @ 000 personnel . during april – may 1944 the romanian forces led by general mi ##hai ra ##co ##vita , together with elements of the german eighth army were responsible for defending northern romania during the soviet first ja ##ss ##y @ - @ ki
| 959 |
[
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"on",
"nazi",
"germany",
",",
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"last",
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"of",
"budapest",
"and",
"the",
"prague",
"offensive",
"of",
"may",
"1945",
"."
] | 2,651 |
##shin ##ev offensive , and took part in the battles of tar ##gu fr ##um ##os . in late august 1944 , the red army entered eastern romania . on august 23 , 1944 , a coup led by king michael i of romania deposed marshal anton ##escu and set up a pro @ - @ soviet government . it has been estimated that the royal coup shortened the war for romania by six months . romania soon declared war on nazi germany , and the first and fourth armies were pressed into action . after the ex ##pel ##ling of the last wehrmacht remnants from romania , the romanian armies took part in the siege of budapest and the prague offensive of may 1945 .
| 960 |
[
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"##os",
"##ca",
"si",
"cr",
"##isan",
"division",
",",
"under",
"the",
"command",
"of",
"general"
] | 2,652 |
the soviet occupation of romania led to a complete reorganisation of the romanian land forces under the supervision of the red army . at the onset , pro @ - @ german elements were purge ##d from the romanian armed forces . in 1944 – 45 , two divisions were formed out of romanian volunteers — ex @ - @ prisoners of war , trained and indo ##ct ##rina ##ted in the soviet union during the war , but also of many communist activists . one was the tudor vladimir ##escu first volunteer division , under the command of colonel nicola ##e cam ##bre ##a , and the other the ho ##ria , cl ##os ##ca si cr ##isan division , under the command of general
| 959 |
[
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"##l",
"las",
"##car",
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"control",
".",
"the",
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"or",
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",",
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"non",
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"officers",
"(",
"mostly",
"experienced",
"soldiers",
",",
"and",
"a",
"potential",
"source",
"of",
"opposition"
] | 2,653 |
mi ##hai ##l las ##car ( who later served as minister of defence from 1946 to 1947 ) . these two units formed the nucleus of the new romanian land forces under soviet control . the postwar reorganisation of the land forces included cavalry but the arm disappeared from the force with the di ##sb ##and ##ment in november 1954 of the 59 ##th cavalry division at or ##ade ##a . after the romanian communist party seized political power , the soviet ##ization of the army commenced , under the supervision of the new minister of defence , emil bo ##dna ##ras . thirty per cent of the officers and non ##com ##mission ##ed officers ( mostly experienced soldiers , and a potential source of opposition
| 953 |
[
")",
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".",
"from",
"1970",
"to",
"1976",
",",
"three",
"more",
"motor",
"rifle"
] | 2,654 |
) were purge ##d from the military . this involved copying the soviet model of military and political organisation , and changing the military doctrine of combat and defence , also in the context of romania ' s integration in the strategic system of the soviets , at the beginning of the cold war . in the early 1950s the r ##lf reached a level of 12 rifle , one me ##chan ##ised , and one tank division . between 1960 and 1964 the rifle and me ##chan ##ised divisions were converted to motor rifle divisions , and reductions in strength began ; force size dropped to six motor rifle and two tank divisions by 1970 . from 1970 to 1976 , three more motor rifle
| 951 |
[
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".",
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",",
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"south",
",",
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".",
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"-",
"@",
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"##oca",
",",
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"##si",
",",
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",",
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"three",
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"seem",
"to",
"have",
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"four",
"in",
"1980",
".",
"what",
"is"
] | 2,655 |
divisions were formed , but one was dea ##ct ##ivated in 1977 , and the eight motor rifle and three tank division figure remained that way for the rest of the cold war . from 1947 to 1960 the country seems to have been divided into three major military regions : cl ##uj , ba ##ca ##u , and bucharest in the west , east , and south , respectively . in wartime the land forces in each military region would become an army corps with their headquarters in cl ##uj @ - @ nap ##oca , ia ##si , and bucharest . armies seem to have succeeded military regions in 1960 , and three armies seem to have become four in 1980 . what is
| 955 |
[
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".",
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"(",
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",",
"bucharest",
","
] | 2,656 |
known is that on 01 @ . @ 07 @ . @ 1947 fourth army became 3rd military region , based in cl ##uj . the 3rd military region became the 3rd army on 30 april 1960 , and the 4th army on 5 april 1980 . during the 1980s , the land forces numbered 140 @ , @ 000 personnel , of whom two thirds were con ##script ##s . in 1989 four armies appeared to exist : the first army at bucharest , second army at bu ##za ##u , third army at cr ##ai ##ova , and fourth army at nap ##oca . in 1989 the land forces consisted of eight me ##chan ##ised ( infantry ) divisions ( 1st , bucharest ,
| 996 |
[
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"9th",
"me",
"##ch",
"di",
"##v"
] | 2,657 |
2nd , cr ##ai ##ova , 9th , constant ##a , 10th , ia ##si , 11th , or ##ade ##a , 18th , tim ##iso ##ara , 67 ##th , and 81 ##st , ti ##rg ##u mu ##res ) two tank divisions ( the 57th tank division at bucharest and the 6th tank division at ti ##rg ##u mu ##res ) , four mountain infantry brigades , and three airborne brigades . according to the 165 @ - @ year ' history of modern romanian artillery , ' in 1989 the 1st army consisted of the 1st me ##ch di ##v , 57th tank di ##v . , and the 2nd mountain brigade ; the 2nd army of the 9th me ##ch di ##v
| 995 |
[
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] | 2,658 |
, 10th me ##ch di ##v , 67 ##th me ##ch di ##v , and 32nd tactical rocket b ##de ; the 3rd army of the 2nd me ##ch di ##v , 18th me ##ch di ##v , and the 4th mountain b ##de ; and the 4th army of the 11th me ##ch di ##v , 81 ##st me ##ch di ##v , 6th tank di ##v . , 1st mountain b ##de , 5th mountain b ##de , and 37th tactical missile brigade . motor ##ised rifle divisions were organized along the soviet model with three motor ##ised rifle regiments , one tank regiment , and a full complement of 12 @ , @ 000 infantry soldiers . the artillery , anti ##tan ##k
| 995 |
[
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] | 2,659 |
, and air defence regiments of divisions provided specialised fire support that enabled motor ##ised rifle and tank regiments to maneuver . the air defense regiments consisted of two anti @ - @ aircraft artillery battalions and one surface @ - @ to @ - @ air missile ( sam ) battalion , each composed of several batteries . in the late 1980s the artillery regiments of motor ##ised rifle and tank divisions included two artillery battalions , one multiple rocket launcher battalion , and one surface @ - @ to @ - @ surface missile battalion . surface @ - @ to @ - @ surface missile battalions were divided into three or four batteries , each equipped with one missile launcher . they operated
| 988 |
[
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"out",
"or"
] | 2,660 |
thirty frog @ - @ 3 and eighteen sc ##ud missile launcher ##s . the frog @ - @ 3 , a tactical missile first introduced in 1960 , was being replaced in other non @ - @ soviet warsaw pact armies . proven to be fairly inaccurate in combat , frog and sc ##ud missiles would be ineffective weapons carrying conventional high @ - @ explosive war ##heads . tipped with nuclear or chemical war ##heads , however , they could be devastating . according to one former romanian official writing in 1988 , romania produced chemical agents that could be delivered by battlefield missiles . during the early 1990s , some major units were disbanded and a lot of equipment was phased out or
| 172 |
[
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] | 2,661 |
scrapped due to a severe shortage of funds . the whole land forces structure was reorganized from armies into territorial corps , and from regiments into battalions . in the mid @ - @ 1990s , the situation of the land forces was critical : the military budget was three times lower than in 1989 ( 63 ##6 million dollars ) , 50 % of the equipment was older than 30 years , and 60 % of the armoured vehicles and 85 % of the missile units were non @ - @ operational . due to lack of fuel and training , the level of combat readiness and military capability was extremely low ( only about 30 % of the entire land forces were operational )
| 955 |
[
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"@",
",",
"@",
"000"
] | 2,662 |
. however , after 1996 the government took serious action ; the military budget was increased greatly , and modern ##isation of equipment commenced . officially , the program to modern ##ize and rest ##ru ##cture the armed forces began on 11 april 2000 . = = present organisation = = in 2005 , the army comprised eight combat , four combat support and two log ##istic brigades , while ten combat , five combat support and two log ##istic brigades could be further mob ##ilised in case of crisis . many of these units have been rest ##ructured , however , as part of the 2007 force plan . currently , about 75 @ , @ 000 military personnel and 15 @ , @ 000
| 941 |
[
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"-",
"@",
"term",
"stage",
"is"
] | 2,663 |
civilians comprise the armed forces , for a total of 90 @ , @ 000 men and women . out of these 75 @ , @ 000 , cc ##a . 43 @ , @ 000 are in the land forces . = = = modern ##isation = = = the romanian military is undergoing a three @ - @ stage restructuring . as of 2007 , the first short @ - @ term stage was completed ( reorganisation of the command system , implementation of the voluntary military service ) . the year 2015 marks the end of the second stage ( operational integration in nato and eu ) , while 202 ##5 is the date when the long @ - @ term stage is
| 320 |
[
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"the",
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"land",
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"is",
"the",
"minister"
] | 2,664 |
to be completed ( full technical integration in nato and eu ) . the stages aim at modern ##ising the structure of the armed forces , reducing the personnel as well as acquiring newer and improved technology that is compatible with nato standards . romania abolished compulsory military service on october 23 , 2006 . this came about due to a 2003 constitutional amendment which allowed the parliament to make military service optional . the romanian parliament voted to ab ##olis ##h conscription in october 2005 , with the vote formal ##ising one of many military modern ##isation and reform programmes that romania agreed to when it joined nato in march 2004 . in peace ##time , the commander of the land forces is the minister
| 483 |
[
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"as",
"divisions",
"."
] | 2,665 |
of defense , while in wartime , the president of romania becomes the supreme commander of the armed forces . the main combat formations of romania are the 2nd infantry division get ##ica , and the 4th infantry division gem ##ina . until 2015 the romanian land forces fielded a third division , namely the 1st division da ##cia . before june 2008 , the 1st and 4th divisions were known as the 1st territorial army corps and the 4th territorial army corps and in turn they used to be called the 1st army and 4th army prior to 2000 . however due to their personnel having been reduced considerably in order to reach compatibility with nato standards they were renamed and reorganized as divisions .
| 993 |
[
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"the",
"ml",
"##i",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"84",
"##m",
"\"",
"jd"
] | 2,666 |
in 2010 , the joint hq command was renamed as 2nd infantry division get ##ica and received units from the 1st and the 4th infantry divisions . the current chief of the romanian land forces staff is major general nicola ##e ci ##uca , who succeeded major general mir ##cea sa ##vu on 7 january 2014 . the land forces official day is celebrated each year , on 23 april . = = equipment = = the romanian land forces have completely overhaul ##ed their equipment in the past few years , replacing it with a more modern one . the tr @ - @ 85 ##m ##1 " bi ##zon " main battle tank and the ml ##i @ - @ 84 ##m " jd
| 996 |
[
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"romanian",
"land",
"forces",
"led",
"to"
] | 2,667 |
##er " infantry fighting vehicle are the most modern native made equipment of the romanian land forces . also , 43 ex @ - @ german ge ##par ##d anti @ - @ aircraft systems were commissioned in late @ - @ 2004 . the land forces ordered about 100 us army hum ##ve ##es ; the first eight were delivered to the military police in december 2006 . 31 pi ##ran ##ha iii armoured vehicles ( la ##v iii variant ) and 60 ur ##o va ##mt ##ac high mobility vehicles were also ordered in 2007 for deployment in iraq and afghanistan . equipment summary : = = special forces = = the evolution of the special forces within the romanian land forces led to
| 996 |
[
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"course",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"marine",
"corps",
"force",
"rec",
"##on"
] | 2,668 |
the establishment of the 1st special operations regiment on 1 august 2009 , headquartered at tar ##gu mu ##res . it later became the 6th special operations brigade on 25 october 2011 , composed of a special operations battalion , two para ##tro ##oper battalions and a log ##istic battalion . the most famous and well trained unit is the 1st special operations battalion " vu ##lt ##uri ##i " , which was legally created in late 2005 , after several batch ##es of graduates had already been selected . members of the special forces battalion have benefit ##ted from courses abroad , such as the us army special forces ( green be ##ret ##s ) course , the united states marine corps force rec ##on
| 990 |
[
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] | 2,669 |
course , as well as other courses . the special forces battalion became fully operational during 2007 , after a company had already been commissioned in early @ - @ 2006 . the current romanian reconnaissance battalions ( the 313 ##th , the 317 ##th and the 52 ##8th ) are also considered special forces units , and were formed in the 1960s during the communist regime . after the revolution , the units suffered from a lack of funds which resulted in the temporary di ##sb ##and ##ment of the 313 ##th battalion . however , their equipment was completely overhaul ##ed in the past few years and the combat readiness and capabilities have regained full strength . dir , rapid intervention squad of the
| 988 |
[
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romanian ministry of defense is an elite special operations unit currently belonging to the romanian military police . it is a special unit inside the military , formed of highly skilled individuals , a very large percentage of its members being champions in martial arts , kick ##box ##ing , athletic disciplines and so on . dir was , until december 2003 , top secret . = = international missions = = the following troops are deployed abroad : 45 personnel in bosnia and herzegovina ( 23 in sarajevo and 22 in ban ##ja lu ##ka ) - as part of eu ##for , since 2000 ( to be withdrawn ) 150 personnel in pe ##c , kosovo - as part of k ##for 1 battalion
| 988 |
[
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in za ##bu ##l ( 47 ##9 personnel ) , 1 guard detachment in kan ##dah ##ar ( 193 personnel ) , a reconnaissance squad in ma ##zar ##i sharif ( 6 personnel ) , afghanistan - as part of isa ##f ; additionally , a special forces squad ( 39 personnel ) and a training detachment ( 47 personnel ) are deployed there after the romanian revolution , many firing ranges and training areas were closed and abandoned due to lack of funds . currently , the military schools and training units of the romanian land forces are directly subordinate ##d to the central headquarters . there are 3 military high schools ( camp ##ulu ##ng mold ##oven ##es ##c , alba i ##ulia and
| 941 |
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] | 2,672 |
br ##ea ##za ) , one military academy ( si ##bi ##u ) , one officers school ( pit ##est ##i ) , 3 training schools ( si ##bi ##u , pit ##est ##i , bu ##za ##u ) and 9 training battalions . in the past few years , lots of training exercises took place in romania with other balkan or allied countries . most of these exercises took place at baba ##da ##g , which is one of the largest and most modern training firing ranges and military facilities in europe , with a total surface area of 270 square kilometres . it was announced on december 6 , 2006 that 1 @ , @ 500 u . s . troops stationed at mi
| 958 |
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] | 2,673 |
##hai ##l ko ##gal ##nic ##ean ##u , which in time will form joint task force east , will be using baba ##da ##g as a training base . = = ranks and insignia = = the romanian land forces distinguishes four career paths : officers ( of ##iter ##i ) , warrant officers ( mai ##st ##ri ##i mil ##ita ##ri ) , nc ##o ' s ( sub ##of ##iter ##i ) and enlisted men ( sold ##ati si gr ##ada ##ti vol ##unt ##ari ) . the marshal rank can be given only in wartime by the president of romania ; in fact , romania had only three marshal ##s coming from the officers ` rank in its history : ion anton ##escu
| 247 |
[
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] | 2,674 |
, alexa ##nd ##ru ave ##res ##cu and constantin pre ##zan . kings ferdinand i , carol ii and mi ##hai i also held the rank of marshal of romania . king carol i held simultaneous ranks as russian marshal and german field @ - @ marshal . = not quite hollywood : the wild , unto ##ld story of oz ##pl ##oit ##ation ! = not quite hollywood : the wild , unto ##ld story of oz ##pl ##oit ##ation ! is a 2008 australian documentary film about the australian new wave of 1970s and ' 80s low @ - @ budget cinema . the film was written and directed by mark hartley , who interviewed over eighty australian , american and british actors ,
| 734 |
[
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] | 2,675 |
directors , screenwriter ##s and producers , including quentin tara ##ntino , brian trench ##ard @ - @ smith , jamie lee curtis , dennis hopper , george la ##zen ##by , george miller , barry hum ##ph ##ries , stacy ke ##ach and john seal ##e . hartley spent several years writing a detailed research document , which served to some degree as a script for the film , about the new wave era of australian cinema . it focused on the commonly overlooked " oz ##pl ##oit ##ation " films — mainly filled with sex , horror and violence — which critics and film historians considered vulgar and offensive , often excluded from australia ' s " official film history " . hartley approached
| 871 |
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"film",
"institute",
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] | 2,676 |
quentin tara ##ntino , a longtime " oz ##pl ##oit ##ation " fan who had dedicated his 2003 film kill bill to the exploitation genre , and tara ##ntino agreed to help get the project off the ground . hartley then spent an additional five years interviewing subjects and editing the combined 250 hours of interviews and original stock footage into a 100 @ - @ minute film . not quite hollywood , which premiered at the 2008 melbourne international film festival , did not perform well at the box office upon its australia @ - @ wide release , but garnered universally positive reviews from critics and a nomination for " best documentary " at the 2008 australian film institute awards . not quite hollywood
| 850 |
[
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"-",
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] | 2,677 |
documents the revival of australian cinema during the australian new wave of the 1970s and ' 80s through b @ - @ movies including alvin purple , barry mckenzie holds his own , dead @ - @ end drive in , long weekend , mad max , the man from hong kong , patrick , razor ##back , road games , st ##or ##k and turkey shoot . from 1971 through to the late 1980s , australian directors began to take advantage of the newly introduced r @ - @ rating which allowed more on @ - @ screen nu ##dity , sex and violence for audiences restricted to age 18 and over . " oz ##pl ##oit ##ation " — writer @ - @ director
| 757 |
[
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] | 2,678 |
mark hartley ' s own port ##man ##tea ##u of " australian exploitation " — was a sub ##gen ##re of the new wave which accounted for the critically pan ##ned " gross @ - @ out comedies , sex rom ##ps , action and road movies , teen films , western ##s , thriller ##s and horror films " of the era , commonly overlooked in australia ' s " official film history " . the film addresses three main categories of " oz ##pl ##oit ##ation " films : sex , horror and action . = = interview ##ees = = the actors , directors , screenwriter ##s and producers interviewed for the film were : = = production = = as a child
| 757 |
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] | 2,679 |
, mark hartley discovered many of the " oz ##pl ##oit ##ation " b @ - @ movies from the 1970s and ' 80s while watching late @ - @ night television , but was disappointed when they were completely overlooked in books he read detailing australian cinema . after becoming an accomplished music video director , his interest in this era of australian filmmaking grew and he spent years researching a potential documentary film . he was close to giving up on the project when he sent a 100 @ - @ page draft of the script to american film director quentin tara ##ntino , not expecting to receive a reply . tara ##ntino was a longtime fan of " oz ##pl ##oit ##ation "
| 675 |
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films and had even dedicated his film kill bill to brian trench ##ard @ - @ smith ' s work . he replied the day after , telling hartley that he would do whatever he could to get the film made . hartley traveled to los angeles , california to meet with tara ##ntino , who agreed to sit for hours of interviews as one of the film ' s most prominent interview ##ees . hartley spent the following five years interviewing other actors , directors , screenwriter ##s and producers , collecting original stock footage , and then cutting the 100 hours of interviews and 150 hours of film footage down into a 100 @ - @ minute film . not quite hollywood had its
| 734 |
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] | 2,681 |
worldwide premiere at the melbourne international film festival on 28 july 2008 , and was screened at the australian centre for the moving image . its australia @ - @ wide release was a month later , on 28 august 2008 , and it had its overseas premiere at the toronto film festival on 7 september 2008 , where distribution rights were secured for the united kingdom , canada , france , russia , germany and ben ##el ##ux . the film was also screened at the austin , sit ##ges , warsaw , helsinki and stockholm international film festivals in 2008 , and featured at the london film festival on 25 october 2008 . the film did not perform well at the box office upon
| 852 |
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] | 2,682 |
its australian release , taking in a gross of a $ 108 @ , @ 330 on its first weekend but only $ 31 @ , @ 99 ##5 on its second weekend at a screen average of $ 68 ##1 on 47 screens . = = reception = = overall , not quite hollywood received positive reviews from critics . review aggregate rotten tomatoes reports that 94 % of critics have given the film a positive review , " certified fresh " , based on 63 reviews , with an average score of 7 @ . @ 4 out of 10 . margaret po ##mer ##an ##z and david st ##rat ##ton of at the movies gave the film four and three and a half
| 756 |
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out of five stars respectively ; po ##mer ##an ##z commended hartley for " the depth of his research and for creating a wildly entertaining film experience " , and claimed that " for those of us who remember the films , not quite hollywood is a blast " . sandra hall , writing for the sydney morning herald , gave the film three and a half out of five stars , believing that " hartley ' s own film is much live ##lier than most of those he is out to celebrate " . jake wilson of the age similarly gave the film three and a half stars , but called the film " basically a feature @ - @ length advertisement for its subject
| 723 |
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] | 2,684 |
" , saying that it " moves far too rapidly to permit sustained analysis " . the courier @ - @ mail ' s des part ##idge , who gave the film four and a half out of five stars , disagreed , saying that " brisk editing means the history is lively and fun " , and claimed in homage to the castle , " copies of hartley ' s film should go straight to pool rooms all over australia when it becomes available on dvd . " luke goods ##ell of empire magazine aus ##tral ##asia gave not quite hollywood five out of five stars , calling the film " fast , thrilling and often rib ##ald " , while leigh pa ##ats ##ch
| 727 |
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] | 2,685 |
wrote for the herald sun that " there is not a single instant where boredom can possibly int ##rud ##e " , dub ##bing the film " an incredibly energetic and mer ##rily messed @ - @ up celebration of australian b @ - @ movies " . english director edgar wright named not quite hollywood his fourth favourite film of 2008 , and called it " the best documentary ever . " = = = awards and nominations = = = = = films referenced = = a list of film referenced within not quite hollywood , separated by genre . not quite hollywood : the wild , unto ##ld story of oz ##pl ##oit ##ation ! grossed $ 186 @ , @ 98 ##6
| 685 |
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] | 2,686 |
at the box office in australia , . = why does it hurt so bad = " why does it hurt so bad " is a song recorded by american singer whitney houston for the 1995 film waiting to ex ##hale . it was released on july 7 , 1996 , by ari ##sta records as the seventh and final single from the accompanying soundtrack . the song was written and produced solely by baby ##face . musically , it is an r & b ballad , and the lyrics chronicle a love ##lor ##n lame ##nt . the song garnered positive reviews from critics , who commended houston ' s vocal effort . it charted in the united states on the billboard hot 100 ,
| 890 |
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peaking at number twenty @ - @ six . it also reached a peak position of number twenty @ - @ two in the hot r & b / hip @ - @ hop songs chart and number six on the adult contemporary chart . in canada , the song reached a peak of number forty @ - @ five on the rpm singles chart . although there is no official music video for the song , a performance of the song at the 1996 mtv movie awards was taped and is used as a promotional clip . the song was later included as a medley , in her my love is your love world tour ( 1999 ) , along with a few other songs
| 923 |
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] | 2,688 |
. = = background = = houston starred in the 1995 romance film waiting to ex ##hale , directed by forest w ##hit ##take ##r . although houston did not intend to contribute to the film ' s soundtrack , when w ##hit ##take ##r hired baby ##face to score the soundtrack , she opted in . baby ##face , houston and some other african @ - @ american female singers recorded songs for the album . the song was one of the final additions to the soundtrack . " why does it hurt so bad " was originally written by baby ##face for houston , two years prior to the release of waiting to ex ##hale , but houston refused to record it at that
| 913 |
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] | 2,689 |
time . " i wasn ' t really in the mood for singing about why it hurts so bad , " said houston . two years later , according to chris will ##man of entertainment weekly , the emotions of the movie merged with the real @ - @ life circumstances of houston ' s troubled marriage to bobby brown . " now , i ' m ready to sing not only the joy ##s of things , but the pains of things , also , " houston explained . = = composition = = " why does it hurt so bad " is an r & b ballad . the song was written and produced by kenneth brian edmond ##s , popularly known as "
| 861 |
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] | 2,690 |
baby ##face " . according to the sheet music book for the greatest hits at sheet ##music ##pl ##us . com , the song is written in the key of b ♭ major , and moves at a tempo of 69 beats per minute . it is set in time signature of common time and features a basic chord progression of b / e – em – c ♯ m – g ♯ 7 . houston ' s vocals span from the note of am ##7 to the note of d ##5 . according to stephen holden of new york times , the song is a " love ##lor ##n lame ##nt with a realistic twist " . he noted that , through the verses ,
| 892 |
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] | 2,691 |
the singer cong ##rat ##ulates herself for breaking up with an abusive boyfriend and admits that she is still in love . = = reception = = the song garnered mainly positive reviews from critics . craig l ##yt ##le of allmusic noted that houston ' s voice " sailed " through the song . christopher john far ##ley of time commented houston " particularly held her own " , with a " master ##ly balance of pop , zip , and soul ##ful melancholy " . steve kn ##op ##per of news ##day wrote : " it ' s lower @ - @ key and the singer , who also stars in the film , doesn ' t feel compelled to perform constant vocal feat
| 890 |
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] | 2,692 |
##s . " a writer for boston herald noted that the song was " under ##sta ##ted " . similarly , larry flick of billboard commented that the song should have been released as the follow @ - @ up to " ex ##hale ( sho ##op sho ##op ) " . " paired with baby ##face , houston is positively luminous on [ this ] heartbreak ballad , performing with a perfect blend of theatrical mel ##od ##rama and gut ##tura ##l soul , " he added . deborah wil ##ker of south florida sun @ - @ sentinel was mixed in her review commenting that the song was a " predict ##ably his ##tri ##onic follow @ - @ up " to " ex
| 890 |
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] | 2,693 |
##hale ( sho ##op sho ##op ) " . but , nick k ##rew ##en of the spectator was even less enthusiastic , writing " [ . . . ] the two guaranteed [ whitney houston ] hits – ' ex ##hale ( sho ##op sho ##op ) ' and ' why does it hurt so bad ' – don ' t really offer anything new . " similarly , cary darling of rome news @ - @ tribune gave a negative review . she noted that " [ the ] ballad ' why does it hurt so bad ' is [ more ] standard whitney @ - @ fare " . released as the seventh and final single from the waiting to ex ##hale :
| 702 |
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] | 2,694 |
original soundtrack album , the song debuted at number 60 on the billboard hot 100 , on the issue dated august 3 , 1996 . on the same issue , the song debuted at number 34 on the hot r & b / hip @ - @ hop singles chart . the song later reached a peak of number 26 on the hot 100 , and 22 on the r & b / hip @ - @ hop singles chart . it also reached number six on the adult contemporary chart , while reaching a peak of 39 on the adult pop songs chart . in canada , the song debuted at number 98 on the rpm singles chart , on the july 22 , 1996
| 923 |
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] | 2,695 |
issue . later , on the september 15 , 1996 issue , it reached a peak of number 45 . = = music video and live performances = = the song was not promoted through an official music video , although houston appeared at the 1996 mtv movie awards held at walt disney studios , bu ##rba ##nk and performed " why does it hurt so bad " . the performance was directed and taped by bruce go ##wer ##s and was later used as a promotional clip to accompany the song . the performance features houston sitting on a chair , wearing a white outfit , and singing the song . houston performed the song on her my love is your love world tour ,
| 897 |
[
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] | 2,696 |
in 1999 . the song was performed as a part of the " movie medley " , along with " i believe in you and me " , " it hurts like hell " , originally performed by are ##tha franklin , and " i will always love you " . this performance was taped in so ##pot , poland , on august 22 , 1999 and broadcast on polish television channel , tv ##p ##1 . = = track listing = = = = credits and personnel = = retrieved from cd liner notes = hurricane omar ( 2008 ) = hurricane omar was a strong hurricane that took an unusual southwest to northeast track through the eastern caribbean sea during october , 2008 .
| 748 |
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forming out of a tropical disturbance on october 13 , omar initially moved slowly in the eastern caribbean sea . by october 15 , omar began to quickly int ##ens ##ify as deep convection developed around the center of circulation . later that day , an eye developed and the storm began to accelerate to the northeast . early on october 16 , omar reached its peak intensity with winds of 130 mph ( 215 km / h ) and a bar ##ometric pressure of 95 ##8 mba ##r ( hp ##a ; 28 @ . @ 29 in ##hg ) . shortly after , the hurricane rapidly weakened to category 1 intensity . after slightly re @ - @ strengthening the next day , omar
| 926 |
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] | 2,698 |
weakened to a tropical storm before de ##gen ##era ##ting into a non @ - @ con ##ve ##ctive low pressure area . the remnants of omar persisted until october 21 at which time it dissipated to the west of the azores . throughout the eastern caribbean , omar affected numerous islands , most of which only recorded minor impacts . large swell ##s and heavy rains impacted the abc islands . antigua and bar ##bu ##da sustained $ 54 million in damages , mainly on antigua as nine homes were destroyed , several others damaged and many farms were in ##unda ##ted by flood waters . one person died in puerto rico after suffering a stress @ - @ induced cardiac arrest . the united
| 937 |
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] | 2,699 |
states virgin islands also sustained significant damage , costing roughly $ 6 million . numerous boats and homes were damaged and over 100 power poles were snapped . total losses from the storm were estimated at $ 79 million . = = meteorological history = = on september 30 , a well @ - @ developed tropical wave moved off the eastern coast of africa and entered the atlantic ocean . deep convection formed around a prominent mid @ - @ level circulation as it moved towards the west . however , the convection diminished on october 2 before entering the caribbean sea a week later . upon entering the caribbean sea , shower and thunder ##storm activity redeveloped around the low . continued development followed
| 932 |
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