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] | 100 |
. competition was active on both the national and scholastic levels by 2009 . there are four staff ##ers dedicated to women ' s football in the gambia football association , and representation of women on the board is required by the association ' s charter . = plain mask ##ray = the plain mask ##ray or brown sting ##ray ( neo ##try ##gon ann ##ota ##ta ) is a species of sting ##ray in the family das ##yat ##idae . it is found in shallow , soft @ - @ bottom ##ed habitats off northern australia . reaching 24 cm ( 9 @ . @ 4 in ) in width , this species has a diamond @ - @ shaped , gray ##ish green pe
| 522 |
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] | 101 |
##ctor ##al fin disc . its short , whip @ - @ like tail has alternating black and white bands and fin folds above and below . there are short rows of thorns on the back and the base of the tail , but otherwise the skin is smooth . while this species possesses the dark mask @ - @ like pattern across its eyes common to its genus , it is not ornate ##ly patterned like other mask ##ray ##s . bent ##hic in nature , the plain mask ##ray feeds mainly on car ##ide ##an shrimp and poly ##cha ##ete worms , and to a lesser extent on small bony fishes . it is vi ##vi ##par ##ous , with females producing litter ##s
| 522 |
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"csi"
] | 102 |
of one or two young that are no ##uri ##shed during ge ##station via his ##to ##tro ##ph ( " ut ##erine milk " ) . this species lacks economic value but is caught incident ##ally in bottom tr ##aw ##ls , which it is thought to be less able to withstand than other mask ##ray ##s due to its gr ##ac ##ile build . as it also has a limited distribution and low fe ##cu ##ndi ##ty , the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has listed it as near threatened . = = taxonomy and ph ##yl ##ogen ##y = = the first scientific description of the plain mask ##ray was authored by commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisation ( csi
| 508 |
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] | 103 |
##ro ) researcher peter last in a 1987 issue of memoirs of the national museum of victoria . the specific name ann ##ota ##tus comes from the latin an ( " not " ) and not ##atus ( " marked " ) , and refers to the ray ' s coloration . the ho ##lot ##ype is a male 21 @ . @ 2 cm ( 8 @ . @ 3 in ) across , caught off western australia ; several para ##type ##s were also designated . last tentatively placed the species in the genus das ##yat ##is , noting that it belonged to the " mask ##ray " species group that also included the blues ##pot ##ted sting ##ray ( then das ##yat ##is
| 501 |
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"n",
"."
] | 104 |
ku ##hli ##i ) . in 2008 , last and william white elevated the ku ##hli ##i group to the rank of full genus as neo ##try ##gon , on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence . in a 2012 phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear dna , the plain mask ##ray and the ni ##nga ##lo ##o mask ##ray ( n . ni ##nga ##lo ##oe ##nsis ) were found to be the most basal members of neo ##try ##gon . the diver ##gence of the n . ann ##ota ##ta lineage was estimated to have occurred ~ 54 ma . furthermore , the individuals sequence ##d in the study sorted into two genetically distinct clade ##s , suggesting that n .
| 501 |
[
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] | 105 |
ann ##ota ##ta is a cryptic species complex . the two put ##ative species were estimated to have diver ##ged ~ 4 @ . @ 9 ma ; the pre ##ci ##pit ##ating event was likely the splitting of the ancestral population by coastline changes . = = description = = the pe ##ctor ##al fin disc of the plain mask ##ray is thin and diamond @ - @ shaped with narrowly rounded outer corners , measuring 1 @ . @ 1 – 1 @ . @ 3 times longer than wide . the leading margins of the disc are gently con ##cave and converge at a broad angle to the pointed tip of the snout . the small eyes are placed close together , and
| 523 |
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] | 106 |
behind them are the sp ##ira ##cles . the nostrils are elongated and have a skirt @ - @ shaped flap of skin between them . the small mouth bears prominent fur ##row ##s at the corners and contains two slender pa ##pi ##lla ##e on the floor . small pa ##pi ##lla ##e are also found around the outside of the mouth . there are five pairs of gill slits . the pe ##l ##vic fins are fairly large and pointed . the tail is short , barely exceeding the length of the disc when intact , and has a broad and flattened base leading to usually two stinging spines . after the sting ##s , the tail becomes slender and bears a long ventral
| 522 |
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] | 107 |
fin fold and a much shorter , lower dorsal fin fold . most of the body lacks der ##mal dent ##icles ; a mid ##line row of 4 – 13 small , closely spaced thorns is present behind the sp ##ira ##cles , and another row of 0 – 4 thorns before the sting ##s . the dorsal coloration is gray ##ish green , becoming pink ##ish towards the disc margins ; there is a dark mask @ - @ like shape around the eyes and a pair of small dark b ##lot ##ches behind the sp ##ira ##cles . the tail behind the sting ##s has alternating black and white bands of variable width , ending with black at the tip . the underside is
| 522 |
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] | 108 |
plain white and the ventral fin fold is light gray ##ish in color . this species grows to 24 cm ( 9 @ . @ 4 in ) across and 45 cm ( 18 in ) long . = = distribution and habitat = = the plain mask ##ray inhabit ##s the continental shelf of northern australia from the wellesley islands in queensland to the bonaparte archipelago in western australia , including the gulf of carp ##ent ##aria and the timor and ara ##fur ##a seas . there are un ##su ##bs ##tan ##tia ##ted reports that its range extends to southern papua new guinea . it is the least common of the several mask ##ray species native to the region . this species is a
| 522 |
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"##cha"
] | 109 |
bottom @ - @ dwell ##er that prefers habitats with fine sediment . it has been recorded from between 12 and 62 m ( 39 and 203 ft ) deep , and tends to be found farther away from shore than other mask ##ray ##s in its range . = = biology and ecology = = the plain mask ##ray generally hunts at the surface of the bottom substrate , rather than digging for prey . its diet consists predominantly of car ##ide ##an shrimp and poly ##cha ##ete worms . small bony fishes are also eaten , along with the occasional pena ##ei ##d pr ##aw ##n or amp ##hip ##od . larger rays consume a greater variety of prey and relatively more poly ##cha
| 523 |
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] | 110 |
##ete worms when compared to smaller rays . this species is para ##sit ##ized by the tape ##worm ac ##ant ##ho ##bot ##hri ##um jones ##i . like other sting ##ray ##s , the plain mask ##ray is vi ##vi ##par ##ous with the developing embryo ##s sustained to term by his ##to ##tro ##ph ( " ut ##erine milk " ) produced by the mother . mature females have a single functional o ##vary and ut ##erus , on the left . litter size is one or two ; the newborn ##s measure 12 – 14 cm ( 4 @ . @ 7 – 5 @ . @ 5 in ) across . males and females reach sexual maturity at disc width ##s of 20
| 541 |
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] | 111 |
– 21 cm ( 7 @ . @ 9 – 8 @ . @ 3 in ) and 18 – 19 cm ( 7 @ . @ 1 – 7 @ . @ 5 in ) respectively . the maximum lifespan is estimated to be 9 years for males and 13 years for females . = = human interactions = = the main conservation threat to the plain mask ##ray is incident ##al capture by commercial bottom tr ##aw ##l fisheries . in the present day , this is mostly caused by australia ' s northern pr ##aw ##n fishery , which operates throughout its range . although this species is discarded when caught , it is more delicate @ - @ bodied than other mask
| 541 |
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] | 112 |
##ray ##s and is thus unlikely to survive encounters with tr ##aw ##ling gear . historically , this species may also have been negatively affected by japanese , chinese , and taiwanese tr ##aw ##lers that fished intensive ##ly off northern australia from 1959 to 1990 . these factors , coupled with the plain mask ##ray ' s limited distribution and low reproductive rate , have resulted in its being assessed as near threatened by the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) . = 2011 – 12 columbus blue jackets season = the 2011 – 12 columbus blue jackets season was the team ' s 12th season in the national hockey league ( nhl ) . the blue jackets ' record of 29
| 529 |
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"and",
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] | 113 |
– 46 – 7 [ note 1 ] was the worst record in the nhl for 2011 – 12 and the first time in franchise history they finished in last place . it also marked the third straight year that they missed the playoffs . consequently , they had the best chance to receive the first overall selection in the 2012 nhl entry draft lottery , but lost out to the edmonton oilers and received the second pick instead . the blue jackets began the year with the worst start in franchise history and the worst by any team in an nhl season in 19 years . after an 11 – 25 – 5 start , head coach scott ar ##nie ##l was fired and replaced
| 639 |
[
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] | 114 |
by assistant coach todd richards . the poor season prompted several personnel changes including the trade of all @ - @ star forward jeff carter , who was acquired with much fan ##fare during the off @ - @ season . with the prospect of another rebuild looming the blue jackets ' captain and best player , rick nash , requested to be traded , though he would remain with the team for the entire season . the team was involved in a controversial loss to the los angeles kings , when the staples center clock appeared to freeze at 1 @ . @ 8 seconds allowing the kings time to score the tying goal , before winning in overtime . during the season columbus managed
| 635 |
[
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"-"
] | 115 |
only two winning streaks of three or more games . one of which came towards the end of the year helping the blue jackets finish with 65 points , the third worst point total in franchise history . in the off @ - @ season the blue jackets ' approach to building their team changed , moving from a team of young developing players into one with established players . the first deal general manager scott how ##son made was the acquisition of all @ - @ star forward jeff carter on june 23 , 2011 . the deal sent ja ##ku ##b vo ##race ##k , columbus ' first @ - @ round draft choice , the eighth overall , and their third @ -
| 679 |
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] | 116 |
@ round pick in the 2011 draft to the philadelphia flyers in exchange for carter . the trade received a positive response in columbus from fans and management who felt they finally had a number one center to play alongside of their best player , rick nash . next , they traded for the negotiating rights of soon to be free agent james wi ##s ##nie ##wski . wi ##s ##nie ##wski scored a career high 51 points during the 2010 – 11 season , splitting time between the new york islanders and montreal canadiens . the point total was fifth @ - @ highest in the league for defense ##man scoring , tying tobias en ##strom . the blue jackets came to terms with wi
| 623 |
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] | 117 |
##s ##nie ##wski , just an hour prior to the start of free agency , signing him to a six @ - @ year , $ 33 million deal . columbus also traded former first round draft pick nikita fi ##lat ##ov to the ottawa senators for a third @ - @ round pick in the 2011 draft . fi ##lat ##ov had failed to live up to expectations in columbus , playing in only 44 games over three seasons scoring six goals . prior to the start of the season , the blue jackets were questioned for not signing a veteran back @ - @ up to starting goaltender steve mason , as the former calder memorial trophy winner had struggled in consecutive seasons .
| 657 |
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] | 118 |
the blue jackets signed mark de ##kan ##ich as the back @ - @ up who had only 50 minutes of nhl experience prior to the start of the season . columbus did sign a veteran curtis sanford to be their third string goaltender and to start for their american hockey league ( ahl ) affiliate , the springfield falcons . sanford had not played in the nhl since 2009 . during training camp , de ##kan ##ich suffered a high ankle sp ##rain that was expected to keep him out of the line @ - @ up for a month . additionally , sanford suffered a groin injury , leaving allen york as the back @ - @ up . york had only played four
| 639 |
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] | 119 |
professional games , all in the ahl , entering the season . = = regular season = = = = = october – december = = = after the first five games , all losses , jeff carter suffered a broken foot that kept him out of the line @ - @ up for 10 games . while carter was injured , the blue jackets continued to lose games . in the eighth game of the year , they had a chance to end the losing streak against the ottawa senators . columbus held a 3 – 2 lead with under a minute to play . jason sp ##ez ##za tied the game on a late power play , and with just 4 @ . @
| 624 |
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] | 120 |
7 seconds remaining , milan mic ##hale ##k notch ##ed the winning goal for the senators . the loss helped set a franchise record for fu ##tility with a 0 – 7 – 1 record to start a season . [ note 1 ] the losing streak came to an end three days later with a win over the detroit red wings . during the game , several milestone ##s were reached . james wi ##s ##nie ##wski made his columbus debut , ryan johan ##sen and john moore scored their first career nhl goals and grant clit ##some had a career @ - @ high three assists . columbus was unable to create any momentum from the win , however , and continued to struggle
| 660 |
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] | 121 |
, culminating in a 2 – 12 – 1 record , which was the worst start to an nhl season for any team in 19 years . with the team struggling , management attempted to " shake things up " by making some roster moves . the first move was the acquisition of center mark let ##est ##u from the pittsburgh penguins . next , they traded defense ##man kris russell to the st . louis blues for nikita nik ##iti ##n . as the clubs slow start continued , there were rumors that head coach scott ar ##nie ##l would be fired and replaced with ken hitchcock . hitchcock had previously coached the blue jackets to their only playoff appearance in club history and was
| 635 |
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] | 122 |
still under contract with the franchise through to the end of the season . before any of these rumors came to fruit ##ion , the st . louis blues asked columbus for permission to hire hitchcock , which the blue jackets allowed . hitchcock began his blues coaching career with a 6 – 1 – 2 record in his first nine games , while columbus amassed a 6 – 13 – 3 record to start the season . during the same time frame as the hitchcock rumors , goaltender curtis sanford returned from his groin injury on november 13 . he made his first start of the season against the boston bruins , losing 2 – 1 in a shootout . sanford continued his strong play
| 628 |
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] | 123 |
, posting a 3 – 1 – 2 record , 1 @ . @ 38 goals against average and . 94 ##7 save percentage over his next six games . sanford started 12 consecutive games before steve mason made his next start . the number of starts might not have been as numerous , but prior to the november 23 game , mason was hit in the head by a shot from rick nash during pre @ - @ game warm @ - @ ups and suffered a concussion . mason returned from his concussion after two games , making a start against the vancouver canucks . mason allowed only one goal in the game despite suffering from cr ##amp ##ing in the third period ,
| 657 |
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] | 124 |
temporarily being replaced by sanford for just over three minutes . columbus won the game 2 – 1 in a shootout , breaking a nine @ - @ game losing streak to the canucks . after the game , ar ##nie ##l stated that sanford was still seen as the team ' s number one goaltender . however , mason started four of the next six games with the blue jackets going 0 – 5 – 1 during that stretch . = = = january – february = = = with the losing continuing , more rumors began to surface . unlike before , the rumors were about player moves rather than coaching changes . the majority of rumors were that the blue jackets would trade
| 624 |
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] | 125 |
rick nash . while how ##son stated that he had never brought up trading nash in discussions , other teams had inquired about his availability . nash stated that if columbus felt it would make the franchise better than he would be willing to wai ##ve his no @ - @ trade clause . how ##son publicly stated that he had no intention of trading nash . more rumors came to light when reports attributed to res ##eau des sports stated that carter was unhappy in columbus and demanded a trade . how ##son , carter and his agent all denied that a trade request was ever made , and they were unsure where the reports were coming from . with the trade deadline approaching ,
| 338 |
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] | 126 |
speculation picked up on the blue jackets trading carter . reports were that columbus was trying to trade carter and that he was " 100 percent available . " at the halfway point of the season , with the blue jackets barely into double digit wins with an 11 – 25 – 5 record , worst in the league , and sitting 20 points out of playoff position , columbus fired ar ##nie ##l . he was replaced by assistant coach todd richards on an interim basis . richards had previously coached the minnesota wild . he recorded his first coaching victory for the blue jackets in his second game , a 4 – 3 win over the phoenix coyotes . the change in coaching did
| 635 |
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] | 127 |
not change the fortunes of the team , as they reached the all @ - @ star break with a 13 – 30 – 6 record . at the break , blue jackets ' owner john p . mcconnell sent out a letter to fans stating his understanding of their frustration . he added that action would be taken around the trade deadline , the entry draft and free agency to take the team in a new direction . when speaking of the season , mcconnell stated " disappointing is not a strong enough word " and that he was committed to giving fans a team of which they can be proud of . he also thanked them for their dedication and passion , while rei
| 684 |
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] | 128 |
##tera ##ting that the team goal was to " win consistently and compete for the stanley cup . " days later , a 250 @ - @ person protest occurred outside of nationwide arena . fans were upset with the blue jackets ' management and were calling for changes at the top . the same day the fans protested , it was announced that the franchise would host the 2013 all @ - @ star game . columbus was without a representative for the 2012 all @ - @ star game , but ryan johan ##sen represented the club as a rookie participant in the super skills competition . in the competition , johan ##sen participated in the all ##sta ##te insurance nhl breakaway challenge ,
| 639 |
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] | 129 |
a shootout themed event judged by the fans . he received just 1 % of the vote and finished last . following the break , the blue jackets were on the road playing the los angeles kings , and with the score tied late in the game , kings ' defense ##man drew dough ##ty scored with just 0 @ . @ 4 seconds remaining to win the game . upon review of the goal it , was determined that the clock at staples center froze at 1 @ . @ 8 seconds for over a full second , which would have resulted in time ex ##pi ##ring prior to the goal being scored . kings ' general manager dean lombard ##i stated that the clock
| 633 |
[
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"##ed"
] | 130 |
was correct and no extra time had been added due to the way the clock self @ - @ correct ##s at various times . how ##son stated on the team ' s blog that " it is an amazing coincidence that with the kings on a power play at staples center and with a mad scramble around our net in the dying seconds of the third period of a 2 – 2 hockey game that the clock stopped for at least one full second , " adding that , " either there was a deliberate stopping of the clock or the clock mal ##fu ##nction ##ed . " nhl senior vice president of hockey operations colin campbell stated that the blue jackets were wrong ##ed
| 638 |
[
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] | 131 |
, but that the outcome of the game could not be changed , and that the delay was not noticed by the off @ - @ ice officials or the situation room in toronto . to determine the true cause of the clock pause , the nhl launched an investigation , talking with the clock ' s manufacturer and interviewing staples center staff . two weeks prior to the nhl trade deadline , columbus announced that unlike earlier in the season , they would listen to trade proposals involving rick nash , though they were not actively shopping him . how ##son stated that the team was open to all options for improving the team , including trading nash . speculation was that in return for
| 338 |
[
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] | 132 |
nash the blue jackets would ask for a " combination of young , proven players , high @ - @ end prospects and draft picks . " leading up to the trade deadline , the blue jackets dealt antoine ve ##rm ##ette to the phoenix coyotes for two draft picks and goaltender curtis mc ##el ##hin ##ney . despite being injured at the time , the acquisition of mc ##el ##hin ##ney was believed to give columbus the flexibility to trade curtis sanford . the following day , on february 23 , columbus traded jeff carter to the kings . in the deal , columbus acquired defense ##man jack johnson and a first @ - @ round draft pick ; the team was given the choice
| 624 |
[
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"\"",
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"that",
"towards"
] | 133 |
of taking the pick in either 2012 or 2013 . at the deadline , columbus was unable to come to terms on a deal involving nash , but they did make one more move ; they sent center samuel pa ##hl ##sson to the vancouver canucks in exchange for two fourth @ - @ round draft picks and minor league defense ##man taylor ellington . following the trade deadline , how ##son announced that the team had attempted to trade nash at the player ' s request . nash stated that he had requested the trade after being informed that the franchise was going into another rebuilding phase . he further noted that he felt that he " could be a huge part of that towards
| 624 |
[
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"first",
"three",
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"-",
"@",
"game",
"win"
] | 134 |
bringing assets in , " and in his view " it was the best thing for the team , the organization , and personally for [ his ] career . " after the personnel changes , the blue jackets closed out the month with a three @ - @ game losing streak . columbus started march with a 2 – 0 shut ##out against the colorado avalanche . they proceeded to win their next game against the phoenix coyotes 5 – 2 , which marked the first time that the blue jackets posted back @ - @ to @ - @ back regulation victories during the season . columbus again defeated the coyotes three days later to earn their first three @ - @ game win
| 48 |
[
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] | 135 |
streak of the season . they extended the streak to four with a win over the los angeles kings before it came to an end with a 4 – 1 loss to the st . louis blues . it was the only four @ - @ game win streak of the season for the blue jackets . they immediately matched their four @ - @ game win streak with a four @ - @ game losing streak and with ten games remaining , the blue jackets were the first team eliminated from playoff contention . shortly after being eliminated , they were defeated by the edmonton oilers 6 – 3 ; the loss clinched last place in the nhl for columbus . it was the first
| 639 |
[
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] | 136 |
time in franchise history the blue jackets finished in 30th place . three days later , on march 28 , goaltender steve mason was injured in the morning skate when a shot from colton gill ##ies hit him in the mask . with sanford again injured , york made an emergency start . playing against the detroit red wings , york made 29 saves , including 17 in the third period , helping columbus to a 4 – 2 victory and giving york his first career nhl win . york remained the starter and led the blue jackets to a second three @ - @ game winning streak . in his fourth start , columbus was shut ##out by the coyotes despite a franchise @ -
| 639 |
[
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] | 137 |
@ record 54 shots on goal , losing 2 – 0 . the 54 saves by phoenix goaltender mike smith set an nhl record for a regulation shut ##out . mason returned to the starter ' s role for the final two games , winning both . the two victories gave columbus 65 points for the year , their third @ - @ lowest total in franchise history . the blue jackets struggled in short ##hand ##ed situations , allowing the most power @ - @ play goals in the league , with 64 , and having the lowest penalty @ - @ kill percentage , at 76 @ . @ 64 % finishing with the worst record in the nhl , columbus had the best
| 660 |
[
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] | 138 |
chance of receiving the first overall pick in the 2012 draft . with the nhl ' s weighted draft lottery the blue jackets had a 48 @ . @ 2 % chance of drafting first overall . however , the lottery was won by the edmonton oilers , who proceeded to leap ##fr ##og columbus and secure the number one draft pick for a third consecutive year . it was the fifth time that the blue jackets were dropped one draft position in the franchise ' s 12 lottery participation ##s . a month later , on may 14 , the blue jackets announced that richards would remain as head coach and signed him to a two @ - @ year contract . during the press
| 639 |
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"–"
] | 139 |
conference , how ##son noted , " our team continuously improved under todd and he has earned the opportunity to build upon the work he started . " columbus posted an 18 – 21 – 2 record under richards , including winning seven of their final 11 games . = = standings = = since being founded as an expansion team , the blue jackets have played in the central division of the western conference . division rivals chicago black ##hawks , detroit red wings , nashville predators and st . louis blues , all made the playoff during the 2011 – 12 season , which helped columbus finish 36 points behind fourth place chicago and 44 points out of first . divisions : ce –
| 631 |
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] | 140 |
central , nw – northwest , pa – pacific bold - qualified for playoffs , y – won division , p – won presidents ' trophy ( best record in nhl ) = = schedule and results = = green background indicates win ( 2 points ) . red background indicates regulation loss ( 0 points ) . silver background indicates overtime / shootout loss ( 1 point ) . = = player statistics = = in ice hockey , a combination of a player ' s goals and assists are collectively called points . penalty minutes are the total number of minutes assigned to a player for in ##fra ##ctions assessed during the season . plus @ - @ minus is a stat ##istic that
| 660 |
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] | 141 |
tracks when a player was on the ice while goals were scored , both for and against their team , though some in game situations will not effect the stat ##istic . below is a listing of all player statistics for the blue jackets during the season . = position ; gp = games played in ; g assists ; pts penalty minutes ; + / - = plus / minus = games played ; to ##i = time on ice ( minutes ) ; w losses ; ot = overtime losses ; ga = goals against ; gaa = goals against average ; sa = shots against ; sv save percentage ; so = shut ##outs † denotes player spent time with another team before
| 660 |
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] | 142 |
joining blue jackets . stats reflect time with the blue jackets only . ‡ traded mid @ - @ season = = milestone ##s = = when mason was injured in warm @ - @ ups late in the year , columbus was without an active goaltender on their roster . to remedy the situation , the team signed former university of michigan goaltender shawn hu ##n ##wick to a one @ - @ day , amateur try ##out contract . after being eliminated from the ncaa tournament just days prior , hu ##n ##wick skipped an astronomy class and drove his worn down 2003 ford ranger to columbus to make the game . he served as the back @ - @ up to allen york
| 643 |
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] | 143 |
during the game , and the following day , he signed a contract for the remainder of the year . with mason returning from injury , hu ##n ##wick was third on the team ' s depth chart when an injury to york allowed hu ##n ##wick to remain as the back @ - @ up for the final two games of the year . in the final game of the season , the blue jackets were leading the islanders 7 – 3 with 2 : 33 remaining when , at the be ##hes ##t of his teammates , head coach todd richards put hu ##n ##wick in to finish the game . he did not face a shot . hu ##n ##wick was the franchise
| 635 |
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"7",
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] | 144 |
record ninth player to make his nhl debut during the season . conversely , va ##cl ##av pro ##sp ##al played in his 1 , 000 ##th nhl game during the year . = = transactions = = during the off @ - @ season the blue jackets parted ways with defense ##men jan he ##j ##da , anton st ##ral ##man , sami le ##pis ##to and mike commodore . he ##j ##da , who played four of his first five nhl seasons with the blue jackets , was offered a contract by columbus , but felt that the organization under ##val ##ue ##d him and left via free agency . columbus had offered him a three @ - @ year , $ 7 @
| 639 |
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] | 145 |
. @ 5 million contract . he instead signed a four @ - @ year , $ 13 million deal with the colorado avalanche . st ##ral ##man and le ##pis ##to were not given qualifying offers which made them unrest ##ricted free agents , and both signed with other teams . commodore had originally signed a big contract with the blue jackets in 2008 , but fell out of favor . he was waived , sent to the minors and eventually had his contract bought out . in order to replace the departed players , columbus not only acquired james wi ##s ##nie ##wski , but also signed ten @ - @ year nhl veteran ra ##dek martin ##ek . martin ##ek played only seven
| 639 |
[
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"for",
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] | 146 |
games with the blue jackets before suffering a concussion and missing the remainder of the season . brett le ##b ##da was brought in to replace him . = gregorian tower = the gregorian tower ( italian : torre gregorian ##a ) or tower of the winds ( italian : torre dei vent ##i ) is a round tower located above the gallery of maps , which connects the villa bel ##ved ##ere with the apostolic palace in vatican city . the tower was built between 157 ##8 and 1580 to a design by the bo ##log ##nese architect ot ##ta ##vian ##o mas ##cher ##ino ( who was credited with building the apostolic palace ) mainly to promote the study of astronomy for the gregorian
| 608 |
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] | 147 |
calendar reform which was commissioned by pope gregory xiii and prom ##ul ##gated in 158 ##2 . it was then also known as the tower of winds . the tower is now called the " spec ##ola astro ##no ##mic ##a vatican ##a " , the vatican observatory . four stages of progressive development have occurred since it was first established . the tower was an ed ##ifice of great value for astronomical observations made using a sun ##dial as they provided essential confirmation of the need to reform the julian calendar . = = early history = = the first stage of building of the tower , as recorded by leo xiii in his mo ##tu prop ##rio ut mystic ##am of 1891 , is
| 269 |
[
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] | 148 |
credited to pope gregory xiii , pope from 157 ##2 to 158 ##5 . the directive was to build a tower at a suitable location in the vatican and e ##qui ##p it with the " greatest and best instruments of the time " . the design was effect ##ed after a series of meetings of the experts who had been appointed to reform the julian calendar , in use since 45 bc , to verify their proposed reforms . fr . christoph cl ##avi ##us , a jesuit mathematician from the roman college , was the expert on the committee who suggested the new system for the observations . the 73 metres ( 240 ft ) tower was then built above the museum and library
| 608 |
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"."
] | 149 |
, flanked by the bel ##ved ##ere and della pig ##na courtyard ##s . the instrumentation for the observation of the sun rays falling over it consisted of a meridian line designed by ign ##azi ##o dan ##ti of peru ##gia . it was in the form of a circular marble plate in the centre , em ##bell ##ished with scientific designs . the tower still remains today , but has undergone improvements over the centuries . = = second stage = = the second stage of construction in the 17th and 18th centuries , when the tower was under the charge of the vatican librarian , involved mg ##r . filippo luigi gil ##ii , a clergyman of st . peter ' s basilica .
| 366 |
[
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",",
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"vi",
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"(",
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"occurrences",
"of",
"eclipse",
",",
"appearance",
"of",
"comets",
",",
"satellites",
"of"
] | 150 |
earlier in 1797 , pius vi gave approval to placing a latin inscription spec ##ula vatican ##a at the entrance to the upper part of the tower , which was implemented by cardinal ze ##lad ##a with plans to enhance the instrumentation system in the tower ' s observatory . the original observatory was then set up above the second level of the tower with the agreement of pope pius vi . its instrumentation , apart from many normal devices ( such as meteorological and magnetic equipment , with a se ##ism ##og ##raph and a small transit and pendulum clock , ) was noted for the doll ##and telescope . the instrumentation facilitated recording of occurrences of eclipse , appearance of comets , satellites of
| 271 |
[
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"’",
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".",
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"addition",
",",
"under",
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"x",
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"@",
",",
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",",
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"years",
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".",
"mg",
"##r",
".",
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"##ii",
",",
"highly",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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"to",
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".",
"he",
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"am",
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"meteorological",
"society",
".",
"while",
"the",
"observation",
"records",
"for",
"seven"
] | 151 |
jupiter and mercury ’ s transit . as an addition , under the patronage of pope pius x , four rotary observatory domes were also added at strategic locations on the 1 @ , @ 300 feet ( 400 m ) long fortification walls , more than a thousand years old . mg ##r . gil ##ii , highly respected as a poly ##gl ##ot with a knowledge of physics , biology , arch ##eo ##logy and the hebrew language , was in charge of the observatory from 1800 to 1821 . he carried out continuous meteorological observations ( twice a day at 6 am and 2 pm ) conform ##ing to the programme of the mannheim meteorological society . while the observation records for seven
| 514 |
[
"years",
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",",
"the",
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"##ii",
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"the",
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".",
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"in",
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",",
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".",
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"tower",
"was",
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"by",
"the",
"barn",
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"##te",
"francesco",
"den",
"##za",
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"xiii",
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",",
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",",
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"##cured",
"from",
"richard",
"in",
"paris",
".",
"a",
"four",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"inch"
] | 152 |
years were published , the balance data in a manuscript form was preserved in the vatican library . subsequent to gil ##ii ' s death in 1821 , the observatory on the tower was discontinued and the instruments were moved to the observatory at the roman college . established in 1787 , it was considered more suitable for making observations than the vatican . the revival of the observatory on the gregorian tower was initiated by the barn ##abi ##te francesco den ##za with the approval of pope leo xiii . high quality instruments were pro ##cured , partly with generous donations from hicks of london , and the automatic recording instruments were pro ##cured from richard in paris . a four @ - @ inch
| 352 |
[
"equatorial",
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"@",
"inch",
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",",
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"father",
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".",
"the",
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"year",
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"some",
"400",
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"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"300",
"ft",
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",",
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".",
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"'",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"west",
"border",
".",
"it",
"was",
"built",
"to",
"a",
"diameter"
] | 153 |
equatorial , a three @ - @ inch transit instrument , and four pendulum clocks with two ch ##ron ##ometer ##s , were also pro ##cured from the observatory at mode ##na . in 1888 , the gift of a 16 inch long telescope to pope leo xiii , became a part of the observatory . father den ##za joined the observatory in 1889 after it was upgraded with more modern instruments . the same year , a second tower was built some 400 metres ( 1 @ , @ 300 ft ) away from the main gregorian tower , overlooking the vatican gardens behind st . peter ' s basilica on the south @ - @ west border . it was built to a diameter
| 608 |
[
"of",
"17",
"metres",
"(",
"56",
"ft",
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"with",
"a",
"lower",
"wall",
"thickness",
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"4",
"@",
".",
"@",
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"august",
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"fourth",
"stage",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"fourth",
"stage",
"involved",
"remedy",
"##ing",
"the"
] | 154 |
of 17 metres ( 56 ft ) with a lower wall thickness of 4 @ . @ 5 metres ( 15 ft ) , which could bear the load of a 13 inch photographic ref ##rac ##tor , newly pro ##cured from paris . august ##inian father rodriguez was the expert meteor ##ologist who held the post of director from 1898 to 1905 . in 1891 , pope leo xiii , prom ##ul ##gating the mo ##tu prop ##rio ut mystic ##am , designated the second tower as the seat of the newly established vatican observatory , a decision which required altering the roof to provide a flat terrace for astronomical observations . = = fourth stage = = the fourth stage involved remedy ##ing the
| 154 |
[
"problem",
"of",
"communicating",
"between",
"the",
"two",
"towers",
"during",
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"time",
"of",
"pope",
"pius",
"x",
".",
"his",
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"tower",
"into",
"a",
"historical",
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"and",
"to",
"record",
"and",
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"out",
"observations",
"at",
"the",
"second",
"tower",
"by",
"linking",
"the",
"two",
"towers",
"along",
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"with",
"a",
"83",
"metres",
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"272",
"ft",
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"iron",
"bridge",
"spanning",
"the",
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".",
"at",
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"west",
"end",
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"this",
"bridge",
",",
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"four",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"inch",
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"##ci",
"##rc",
"##ular",
"bastion",
".",
"the",
"east",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"bridge",
",",
"above",
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"of",
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"gen",
"##dar",
"##mes",
",",
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"a",
"he",
"##lio",
"##graph",
",",
"with",
"a",
"camera",
"attached",
",",
"used",
"to",
"photograph",
"the",
"sun",
"(",
"photo",
"##hel",
"##io",
"##graph",
")",
".",
"a",
"new"
] | 155 |
problem of communicating between the two towers during the time of pope pius x . his plans were to make the gregorian tower into a historical tower and to record and carry out observations at the second tower by linking the two towers along the fortified wall with a 83 metres ( 272 ft ) iron bridge spanning the gap . at the west end of this bridge , a four @ - @ inch equatorial was installed on semi ##ci ##rc ##ular bastion . the east end of the bridge , above the barracks of the gen ##dar ##mes , had a he ##lio ##graph , with a camera attached , used to photograph the sun ( photo ##hel ##io ##graph ) . a new
| 608 |
[
"16",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"inch",
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",",
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",",
"the",
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"##i",
",",
"and",
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"old",
"meteorological",
"and",
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"di",
"po",
"##mp",
"##ei",
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".",
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"new",
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".",
"the",
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"rep",
"##sol",
"##d",
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"astro",
"##graphic",
"plates",
".",
"the",
"recorded",
"observations",
"were",
"published",
"along",
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"ex",
"##pl",
"##ana",
"##tory",
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"bro",
"##mide",
"paper",
".",
"the",
"tower",
"had",
"two"
] | 156 |
16 @ - @ inch visual telescope , called torre pi ##o x , was erected in the second tower . as a result of these modifications , the original library was moved to the pontifical academy lin ##ce ##i , and the old meteorological and seismic instruments were shifted to the valle di po ##mp ##ei observatory . the new astronomical library was housed in two rooms of the building . the two new rep ##sol ##d machines were used for recording on the astro ##graphic plates . the recorded observations were published along with ex ##pl ##ana ##tory notes together with the last two series of the atlas of stars . charts were printed on silver bro ##mide paper . the tower had two
| 372 |
[
"floors",
"and",
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"##zza",
"##nine",
".",
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"first",
"floor",
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",",
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"viii",
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"##ein",
"##o",
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"by",
"two",
"additions",
"which",
"gave",
"it"
] | 157 |
floors and a me ##zza ##nine . on the first floor was the famous sun ##dial room or meridian room , which was initially an open log ##gia . pope urban viii had it enclosed and it was subsequently decorated with long sequences of frescoes painted between 1580 and 158 ##2 by simon la ##gi and the two flemish artists paul and matt ##hi ##js br ##il . today the tower has paintings by cr ##isto ##for ##o ron ##cal ##li and matt ##ein ##o da siena . the sun ##dial room , also called the meridian hall , was once the residence of queen christina of sweden , then newly converted to catholicism . the room was further modified by two additions which gave it
| 438 |
[
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"sun",
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"##em",
"##os",
"##cope",
",",
"in",
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",",
"was",
"a",
"complex",
"mechanism"
] | 158 |
its current name : a sun ##dial , and a delicate but sophisticated an ##em ##os ##cope which was fixed to the ceiling of the meridian hall . these were created by ign ##azi ##o dan ##ti , the papal co ##smo ##grapher , in association with the gregorian calendar reform . the sun ##dial consisted of a straight line in white marble running across the floor in a north @ - @ south direction , intended to measure the height of the sun at noon according to the seasons of the year . the observations made with the sun ##dial provided essential confirmation of the need to reform the julian calendar . the an ##em ##os ##cope , in contrast , was a complex mechanism
| 274 |
[
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] | 159 |
attached to the ceiling which was used to measure the strength and direction of the wind but soon stopped functioning . the instrument may have led to the other name of the tower , tower of the winds ; however , an ancient observatory at athens was also called the tower of the winds and might have been the source for inspiration . the interior walls and ceiling of the hall were richly decorated , in some cases with ga ##udy frescoes of the hills and roman countryside , the pantheon ##s , religious themes , the buildings surrounding the area , and naval ship ##wr ##eck ##s with jesus calming the storm and so forth . " there ' s got to be a way
| 608 |
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] | 160 |
" is a song by american singer and songwriter maria ##h carey from her self @ - @ titled debut studio album ( 1990 ) . columbia released it as the fifth and final single from the album in the united kingdom . it was one of four songs carey wrote with ric wake during their first recording session together , but " there ' s got to be a way " was the only composition to make the final track listing . it is a socio @ - @ political conscious r & b @ - @ pop song which addresses the existence of poverty , racism and war in the world which gradually becomes more as ##piration ##al and positive as it progresses .
| 911 |
[
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] | 161 |
the track garnered a mixed reception upon the album ' s release in 1990 . while carey ' s vocals were praised , it was seen as too political . an accompanying music video highlights social injustice ##s . the song reached number 54 on the uk singles chart . = = background and release = = " there ' s got to be a way " was written by maria ##h carey and ric wake for carey ' s self @ - @ titled debut studio album ( 1990 ) . it was written during carey and wake ' s first recording session together . they composed four songs , but only " there ' s got to be a way " was chosen for
| 911 |
[
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] | 162 |
the final track listing . co @ - @ produced by wake and nara ##da michael walden , it appears as the second of ten songs on the track listing . the track was recorded and engineered by bob cad ##way at cove city sound studios and the power station , both located in new york city . he was assisted by dana jon cha ##ppel ##le . it was mixed by david fra ##zer at tar ##pan studios in san rafael . the keyboards , bass and rhythm engineering was carried out by louis bianca ##nie ##llo , while joe franco performed the percussion , vernon " ice " black played the guitar , and rich tan ##cre ##do also performing on the keyboards .
| 915 |
[
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] | 163 |
walter af ##ana ##sie ##ff played the synth horns . carey provided her own background vocals along with billy t . scott , jam ##ilia ##h mu ##ham ##med and the billy t . scott ensemble . the song was released as the fifth and final single from the album in the united kingdom . it is available to purchase as a cd single while the remixes are available on vinyl . = = composition = = " there ' s got to be a way " is an r & b @ - @ pop music song with elements of gospel . the theme of social activism can be heard in the lyrics " there ’ s got to be a way / to connect
| 892 |
[
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"david",
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"david"
] | 164 |
this world today . " the song begins with carey publicly den ##oun ##cing the existence of poverty and racism in the world , and she uses the bridge to shift the lyrics towards an up ##lifting and as ##piration ##al tone . carey suggests we should be more tolerant of each other and not resort so readily to war in the lyrics " couldn ' t we accept each other / can ' t we make ourselves aware . " = = critical reception = = music critic robert christ ##gau felt that carey was being too political in her " brave , young , ideal ##istic attack " on war and des ##ti ##tu ##tion . ralph novak , david hilt ##brand and david
| 911 |
[
"gr",
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"vision",
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] | 165 |
gr ##ogan of people wrote that it is a " testimony to her talent that she does so much with so little . " they continued to write that carey ' s " tone and clarity " makes " there ' s got to be a way " a " me ##sm ##eri ##zing " track . to mark twenty @ - @ five years since the release of maria ##h carey in june 1990 , billboard writer trevor anderson wrote a track @ - @ by @ - @ track review of the album in june 2015 . he noted that " there ' s got to be a way " follows the same melodic tone as the album ' s opener " vision of
| 911 |
[
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] | 166 |
love " but highlighted their stark lyrical differences , as the former is about social activism and the latter is about love . although he praised carey ' s vocals , writing that she " deploy ##s " one of her best whistle notes of her career , he felt that " the aim for broad appeal comes at the expense of memorable lyrics . " the accompanying music video begins with a shot of an empty street , followed by clips of disadvantaged and poorer members of society going about their daily activities . two men play domino ##es on a wooden crate outside a building , a gang make fun of an elderly man hanging newspapers outside his store and an obe ##se woman
| 892 |
[
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] | 167 |
walks down the street . clips of carey leaning against a wall and sitting on some steps looking on at what is happening are shown . as the first chorus begins , everyone starts to dance joy ##fully in the street and help those in need . a gospel choir comes out of one of the buildings as the street becomes more crowded with people of all ages and backgrounds re ##jo ##icing and getting along with each other . one of the shops in the background has a neon light outside the entrance which says " jesus saves " . = = track listings = = " there ' s got to be a way " ( original album version ) – 4 : 52
| 894 |
[
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] | 168 |
" there ' s got to be a way " ( alternative vocal dub mix ) = nebraska highway 88 = nebraska highway 88 ( n @ - @ 88 ) is a highway in northwestern nebraska . it has a western terminus at wyoming highway 151 ( w ##yo 151 ) at the wyoming – nebraska state line . the road travels eastward to n @ - @ 71 , where it turns south . n @ - @ 88 continues east to south of bridgeport . the road turns north , ends at an intersection with u . s . highway 385 ( us 385 ) and n @ - @ 92 in bridgeport . the route was designated in 1937 , before the
| 616 |
[
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","
] | 169 |
official state highway system was created . it was extended to the state line in 1986 . = = route description = = n @ - @ 88 starts at the nebraska – wyoming state line in banner county , where w ##yo 151 ends , and travels northeast . the road quickly bends east after less than one mile ( 1 @ . @ 6 km ) , and continues in a straight line . for the next twenty miles ( 32 km ) , n @ - @ 88 intersects minor streets , through rural farmland . the route turns south at n @ - @ 71 , and becomes concurrent . four miles ( 6 @ . @ 4 km ) later ,
| 617 |
[
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"88",
"turns",
"east",
",",
"ending",
"the",
"concurrency",
"with",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"71",
".",
"the",
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"for",
"sixteen",
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"26",
"km",
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",",
"where",
"it",
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"the",
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"and",
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"the",
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"community",
"of",
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".",
"two",
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",",
"courthouse",
"and",
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"rocks",
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".",
"n",
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"bridgeport",
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"after",
".",
"the",
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"for",
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"and",
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"five",
"miles",
"(",
"8",
"@",
".",
"@",
"0",
"km",
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"later",
".",
"the",
"road",
"intersects",
"a",
"railroad",
"owned",
"by",
"bn",
"##sf",
"railway",
".",
"n",
"@",
"-"
] | 170 |
n @ - @ 88 turns east , ending the concurrency with n @ - @ 71 . the route continues to travel through farmland for sixteen miles ( 26 km ) , where it enters mor ##rill county . the road crosses over pumpkin creek four times , and enters the unincorporated community of red ##ington . two rock formations , courthouse and jail rocks , become visible from the road . n @ - @ 88 turns north toward bridgeport soon after . the road crosses over pumpkin creek for the fifth time , and enters into bridgeport five miles ( 8 @ . @ 0 km ) later . the road intersects a railroad owned by bn ##sf railway . n @ -
| 617 |
[
"@",
"88",
"turns",
"northeast",
"soon",
"after",
",",
"and",
"ends",
"at",
"the",
"intersection",
"of",
"us",
"385",
"and",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"92",
".",
"in",
"2012",
",",
"nebraska",
"department",
"of",
"roads",
"(",
"n",
"##dor",
")",
"calculated",
"as",
"many",
"as",
"2",
"@",
",",
"@",
"410",
"vehicles",
"traveling",
"on",
"the",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"71",
"/",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"88",
"concurrency",
",",
"and",
"as",
"few",
"as",
"315",
"vehicles",
"traveling",
"east",
"of",
"the",
"banner",
"–",
"mor",
"##rill",
"county",
"line",
".",
"this",
"is",
"expressed",
"in",
"terms",
"of",
"annual",
"average",
"daily",
"traffic",
"(",
"aa",
"##dt",
")",
",",
"a",
"measure",
"of",
"traffic",
"volume",
"for",
"any",
"average",
"day",
"of",
"the",
"year",
".",
"only",
"the",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"71",
"/",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"88",
"concurrency",
"is",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"national",
"highway",
"system",
"("
] | 171 |
@ 88 turns northeast soon after , and ends at the intersection of us 385 and n @ - @ 92 . in 2012 , nebraska department of roads ( n ##dor ) calculated as many as 2 @ , @ 410 vehicles traveling on the n @ - @ 71 / n @ - @ 88 concurrency , and as few as 315 vehicles traveling east of the banner – mor ##rill county line . this is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic ( aa ##dt ) , a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year . only the n @ - @ 71 / n @ - @ 88 concurrency is part of the national highway system (
| 616 |
[
"nhs",
")",
",",
"a",
"network",
"of",
"highways",
"identified",
"as",
"being",
"most",
"important",
"for",
"the",
"economy",
",",
"mobility",
"and",
"defense",
"of",
"the",
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".",
"n",
"@",
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"@",
"88",
"was",
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"1937",
",",
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"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"29",
",",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"86",
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"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"19",
"in",
"bridgeport",
".",
"the",
"route",
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"relatively",
"the",
"same",
"as",
"the",
"state",
"highway",
"system",
"was",
"officially",
"designated",
".",
"before",
"1955",
",",
"nebraska",
"did",
"not",
"have",
"an",
"adequate",
"legal",
"instrument",
"to",
"define",
"the",
"state",
"highway",
"system",
".",
"by",
"1960",
",",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"19",
"was",
"renumbered",
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"us",
"385",
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"and",
"us",
"26",
"was",
"re",
"##routed",
"north",
"near",
"bridgeport",
".",
"the",
"old",
"alignment",
"became",
"part",
"of",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"92",
"."
] | 172 |
nhs ) , a network of highways identified as being most important for the economy , mobility and defense of the nation . n @ - @ 88 was unofficially designated around 1937 , connecting from n @ - @ 29 , to n @ - @ 86 and n @ - @ 19 in bridgeport . the route remained relatively the same as the state highway system was officially designated . before 1955 , nebraska did not have an adequate legal instrument to define the state highway system . by 1960 , n @ - @ 19 was renumbered to us 385 , and us 26 was re ##routed north near bridgeport . the old alignment became part of n @ - @ 92 .
| 604 |
[
"two",
"years",
"later",
",",
"n",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"29",
"was",
"renumbered",
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"n",
"@",
"-",
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"between",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"82",
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"a",
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"151",
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"-",
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"n",
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"-",
"@",
"88",
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"no",
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".",
"=",
"=",
"major",
"intersections",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"uss",
"atlanta",
"(",
"1861",
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"=",
"atlanta",
"was",
"a",
"case",
"##mate",
"iron",
"##cl",
"##ad",
"that",
"served",
"in",
"the",
"confederate",
"and",
"union",
"na",
"##vies",
"during",
"the",
"american",
"civil",
"war",
".",
"she",
"was",
"converted",
"from",
"a",
"scottish",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"built",
"blockade",
"runner",
"named",
"fin",
"##gal",
"by",
"the",
"confederacy",
"after",
"she",
"made",
"one",
"run"
] | 173 |
two years later , n @ - @ 29 was renumbered to n @ - @ 71 . between 1981 @ - @ 82 , a road appeared on the official state map , extending from w ##yo 151 to n @ - @ 71 . that road became part of n @ - @ 88 by 1986 . no significant changes have been made since . = = major intersections = = = uss atlanta ( 1861 ) = atlanta was a case ##mate iron ##cl ##ad that served in the confederate and union na ##vies during the american civil war . she was converted from a scottish @ - @ built blockade runner named fin ##gal by the confederacy after she made one run
| 138 |
[
"to",
"savannah",
",",
"georgia",
".",
"after",
"several",
"failed",
"attempts",
"to",
"attack",
"union",
"blockade",
"##rs",
",",
"the",
"ship",
"was",
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"by",
"two",
"union",
"monitors",
"in",
"1863",
"when",
"she",
"ran",
"aground",
".",
"atlanta",
"was",
"floated",
"off",
",",
"repaired",
",",
"and",
"rear",
"##med",
",",
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"the",
"union",
"navy",
"for",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"war",
".",
"she",
"spent",
"most",
"of",
"her",
"time",
"deployed",
"on",
"the",
"james",
"river",
"supporting",
"union",
"forces",
"there",
".",
"the",
"ship",
"was",
"decommissioned",
"in",
"1865",
"and",
"placed",
"in",
"reserve",
".",
"several",
"years",
"after",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"atlanta",
"was",
"sold",
"to",
"haiti",
",",
"but",
"was",
"lost",
"at",
"sea",
"in",
"december",
"1869",
"on",
"her",
"delivery",
"voyage",
".",
"=",
"=",
"description",
"and",
"career",
"as",
"fin",
"##gal",
"=",
"=",
"fin",
"##gal",
"was",
"designed",
"and",
"built",
"as",
"a"
] | 174 |
to savannah , georgia . after several failed attempts to attack union blockade ##rs , the ship was captured by two union monitors in 1863 when she ran aground . atlanta was floated off , repaired , and rear ##med , serving in the union navy for the rest of the war . she spent most of her time deployed on the james river supporting union forces there . the ship was decommissioned in 1865 and placed in reserve . several years after the end of the war , atlanta was sold to haiti , but was lost at sea in december 1869 on her delivery voyage . = = description and career as fin ##gal = = fin ##gal was designed and built as a
| 46 |
[
"merchant",
"##man",
"by",
"j",
"&",
"g",
"thomson",
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"##bn",
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".",
"she",
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".",
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"m",
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"15",
"feet",
"(",
"4",
"@",
".",
"@",
"6",
"m",
")"
] | 175 |
merchant ##man by j & g thomson ' s clyde bank iron shipyard at gov ##an in glasgow , scotland , and was completed early in 1861 . she was described by mid ##ship ##man da ##bn ##ey scales , who served on the atlanta before her battle with the monitors , as being a two @ - @ mast ##ed , iron @ - @ hull ##ed ship 189 feet ( 57 @ . @ 6 m ) long with a beam of 25 feet ( 7 @ . @ 6 m ) . she had a draft of 12 feet ( 3 @ . @ 7 m ) and a depth of hold of 15 feet ( 4 @ . @ 6 m )
| 144 |
[
".",
"he",
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"ton",
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"76",
"##2",
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"ship",
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"##ches",
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"'",
"s",
"west",
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"in",
"september",
"1861",
"by",
"james",
"d",
".",
"bull",
"##och",
","
] | 176 |
. he estimated her ton ##nage at around 700 tons b ##m . fin ##gal was equipped with two vertical single @ - @ cylinder direct @ - @ acting steam engines using steam generated by one flu ##e @ - @ tubular boiler . the engines drove the ship at a top speed of around 13 knots ( 24 km / h ; 15 mph ) . they had a bore of 39 inches ( 99 ##1 mm ) and a stroke of 30 inches ( 76 ##2 mm ) . the ship briefly operated between glasgow and other ports in scotland for hut ##ches ##on ' s west highland service before she was purchased in september 1861 by james d . bull ##och ,
| 981 |
[
"the",
"primary",
"foreign",
"agent",
"in",
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"for",
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"to",
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"##head",
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"wales",
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"/",
"15",
"october",
",",
"as",
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"was",
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"##head",
",",
"fin",
"##gal",
"rammed",
"and",
"sank",
"the",
"austrian",
"brig",
"sic",
"##card"
] | 177 |
the primary foreign agent in great britain for the confederacy , to deliver the military and naval ordnance and supplies that he had purchased . to disguise his control of fin ##gal , and the destination of her cargo , bull ##och hired an english crew and captain and put out his destination as bermuda and nassau in the bahamas . the cargo was loaded in green ##ock in early october , although bullock and the other passengers would not attempt to board until they rendezvous ##ed with the ship at holy ##head , wales . on the night 14 / 15 october , as she was slowly rounding the break ##water at holy ##head , fin ##gal rammed and sank the austrian brig sic ##card
| 127 |
[
"##i",
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"slowly",
"swinging",
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"without",
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"he",
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"blockade",
"."
] | 178 |
##i , slowly swinging at anchor without lights . bull ##och and the passengers embarked in the steamer while bull ##och dispatched a letter to his financial agents ins ##tructing them to settle damages with the brig ' s owners because he could not afford to take the time to deal with the affair lest he and fin ##gal be detained . the ship reached bermuda on 2 november and , after leaving port on 7 november , bull ##och informed the crew that the steamer ' s real destination was savannah , georgia ; he offered to take anyone who objected to the plan to nassau . however , all of the crew agreed to join in the effort to run the union blockade .
| 4 |
[
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"on",
"23",
"december",
",",
"but",
"it",
"proved"
] | 179 |
fin ##gal was able slip safely into the savannah estuary in a heavy fog on the night of 12 november without sighting any blockade ##rs . while fin ##gal was disc ##har ##ging her cargo , bull ##och went to richmond to con ##fer with stephen mallory , secretary of the navy . mallory endorsed bull ##och ' s plan to load fin ##gal with cotton to sell on the navy department ' s account to be used to purchase more ships and equipment in europe . he returned to savannah on 23 november and it took him almost a month to purchase a cargo and acquire enough coal . he made one attempt to break through the blockade on 23 december , but it proved
| 127 |
[
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"##ons",
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"were"
] | 180 |
impossible to do as the union controlled every channel from savannah , aided by their occupation of ty ##bee island at the mouth of the savannah river . bull ##och reported to mallory in late january 1862 that breaking out was hopeless so mallory ordered him to turn the ship over to another officer and to return to europe some other way . the brothers asa and nelson ti ##ft received the contract to convert the blockade runner into an iron ##cl ##ad in early 1862 with the name of atlanta , after the city in georgia . this was largely financed by contributions from the women of savannah . fin ##gal was cut down to her main deck and large wooden sp ##ons ##ons were
| 138 |
[
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] | 181 |
built out from the sides of her hull to support her case ##mate . after the conversion , atlanta was 204 feet ( 62 @ . @ 2 m ) long overall and had a beam of 41 feet ( 12 m ) . her depth of hold was now 17 feet ( 5 @ . @ 2 m ) and she now had a draft of 15 feet 9 inches ( 4 @ . @ 8 m ) . atlanta now displaced 1 @ , @ 00 ##6 long tons ( 1 @ , @ 02 ##2 t ) and her speed was estimated at 7 – 10 knots ( 13 – 19 km / h ; 8 @ . @ 1 – 11 @
| 982 |
[
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"(",
"2"
] | 182 |
. @ 5 mph ) . the armor of the case ##mate was angled at 30 ° from the horizontal and made from two layers of railroad rails , rolled into plates 2 inches ( 51 mm ) thick and 7 inches ( 180 mm ) wide . the outer layer ran vertically and the inner layer horizontally . her armor was backed by 3 inches ( 76 mm ) of oak , vertically oriented , and two layers of 7 @ . @ 5 inches ( 191 mm ) of pine , alternating in direction . the bottom of the case ##mate was some 20 inches ( 50 ##8 mm ) from the water ##line and its top was 8 feet 6 inches ( 2
| 987 |
[
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".",
"@",
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"@",
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",",
"7",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"inch",
"(",
"178",
"mm",
")"
] | 183 |
@ . @ 59 m ) above the water ##line . the pyramid ##al pilot ##house was armored in the same way and had room for two men . the upper portion of atlanta ' s hull received two inches of armor . the rectangular case ##mate was pierced with eight narrow gun ports , one each at the bow and stern and three along each side . each gun port was protected by an armored shutter made of two layers of iron ri ##vet ##ed together and allowed the guns to el ##eva ##te only to a maximum of + 5 to + 7 ° . atlanta was armed with single @ - @ banded , 7 @ - @ inch ( 178 mm )
| 987 |
[
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"-",
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",",
"6",
"@",
".",
"@",
"4"
] | 184 |
brooke rifles on pi ##vot mounts at the bow and stern . the middle gun port on each side was occupied by a single @ - @ banded , 6 @ . @ 4 @ - @ inch ( 163 mm ) brooke rifle . the 17 @ - @ caliber , seven @ - @ inch guns weighed about 15 @ , @ 000 pounds ( 6 @ , @ 800 kg ) and fired 80 @ - @ pound ( 36 kg ) armor @ - @ piercing " bolts " and 110 @ - @ pound ( 50 kg ) explosive shells . the equivalent statistics for the 18 @ . @ 5 @ - @ caliber , 6 @ . @ 4
| 986 |
[
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"##s",
".",
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"31",
"july",
"1862",
",",
"under",
"the",
"command",
"of"
] | 185 |
@ - @ inch gun were 9 @ , @ 110 pounds ( 4 @ , @ 130 kg ) with 80 @ - @ pound bolts and 64 @ - @ pound ( 29 kg ) shells . atlanta was also armed with a 20 @ - @ foot ( 6 @ . @ 1 m ) , solid iron , ram that was reinforced by a series of vertical steel bars . in front of the ram was a spa ##r torpedo that carried 50 pounds ( 23 kg ) of black powder on a wooden pole connected to an iron lever that could be raised or lowered by means of pull ##ey ##s . on 31 july 1862 , under the command of
| 986 |
[
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"and",
"god",
"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 186 |
lieutenant charles h . mc ##bla ##ir , atlanta conducted her sea trials down the savannah river toward fort pu ##las ##ki . the ship proved to be difficult to steer , and the additional weight of her armor and guns significantly reduced her speed and increased her draft . this latter was a real problem in the shallow waters near savannah . she also leaked significantly , and her design virtually eliminated air circulation . one report said that " it was almost into ##ler ##able on board the atlanta , there being no method of ventilation , and the heat was intense . " scales commented in his diary , " what a comfort ##less , in ##fer ##nal and god @ - @
| 44 |
[
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"before"
] | 187 |
for ##sa ##ken ship ! ! " attempts were made to fix the problems and were at least partially successful in stopping many of the leaks . the ship was commissioned on 22 november and became the flagship of flag officer josiah ta ##tt ##nall , commander of the naval defenses of georgia . under pressure from mallory to engage the block ##ading ships , ta ##tt ##nall attempted to engage them before any iron ##cl ##ads arrived on 5 january 1863 , but army engineers could not clear the obstacles blocking the channel in a timely manner , despite early coordination being made by ta ##tt ##nall to do so . it took another month to actually clear the obstacles and two monitors arrived before
| 288 |
[
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] | 188 |
the end of january . nonetheless ta ##tt ##nall attempted to pass through the obstruction ##s during high tide on 3 february , but high winds prevented the water from rising enough to allow the ship to do so . after atlanta successfully passed through them on 19 march , ta ##tt ##nall planned to attack the union base at port royal , south carolina while the monitors were attacking charleston . desert ##ers revealed ta ##t ##nall ' s plan while he was waiting at the head of was ##sa ##w sound and he was forced to retreat when three monitors augmented the defenses at port royal . dissatisfied with ta ##tt ##nall ' s perceived lack of aggressive ##ness , mallory replaced ta ##tt
| 70 |
[
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"the",
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] | 189 |
##nall as commander of the savannah squadron later that month with commander richard l . page . page , in his turn was relieved in may by commander william a . webb ; atlanta remained the squadron flagship throughout this time . webb demonstrated his aggressive ##ness when he attempted to sort ##ie on the first spring tide ( 30 may ) after taking command , but atlanta ' s forward engine broke down after he had passed the obstruction ##s , and the ship ran aground . she was not damaged although it took over a day to pull her free . he planned to make another attempt on the next full tide , rejecting mallory ' s idea that he wait until the nearly
| 977 |
[
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] | 190 |
complete iron ##cl ##ad savannah was finished before his next sort ##ie . in the meantime , rear admiral samuel f . du pont , commander of the south atlantic block ##ading squadron , had ordered the monitors wee ##hawk ##en and nah ##ant into was ##sa ##w sound . commander john rodgers in wee ##hawk ##en had overall command of the two ships . in the early evening of 15 june , webb began his next attempt by passing over the lower obstruction ##s in the wilmington river and spent the rest of the night coal ##ing . he moved forward the next evening to a concealed position within easy reach of the monitors for an attack early the following morning . webb planned to
| 977 |
[
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".",
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"afterward",
",",
"atlanta",
"ran",
"aground",
"on",
"a",
"sand"
] | 191 |
sink one of the monitors with his spa ##r torpedo and then deal with the other one with his guns . the gun ##boat iso ##ndi ##ga and the tug ##boat res ##ol ##ute were to accompany him to tow one or both of the monitors back to savannah . a lookout aboard wee ##hawk ##en spotted atlanta at 04 : 10 on the morning of 17 june . when the latter ship closed to within about 1 @ . @ 5 miles ( 2 @ . @ 4 km ) of the two union ships , she fired one round from her bow gun that passed over wee ##hawk ##en and landed near nah ##ant . shortly afterward , atlanta ran aground on a sand
| 973 |
[
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"##cl",
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"spraying",
"splinter",
"##s",
"and",
"fragments",
"that",
"disabled",
"the"
] | 192 |
##bar ; she was briefly able to free herself , but the pressure of the tide pushed her back onto the sand ##bar . this time webb was unable to get off and the monitors closed the range . when wee ##hawk ##en , the leading ship , closed to within 200 – 300 yards ( 180 – 270 m ) she opened fire with both of her guns . the 11 @ - @ inch ( 279 mm ) shell missed , but the 15 @ - @ inch ( 381 mm ) shell struck the iron ##cl ##ad above the port middle gun port , penetrated her armor and broke the wooden backing behind it , spraying splinter ##s and fragments that disabled the
| 984 |
[
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"@",
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"the",
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"and",
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"the",
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"@",
"inch",
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"of",
"the",
"pilot",
"##house",
",",
"breaking",
"the",
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"there",
"and",
"wounding"
] | 193 |
entire gun crew and half the crew of the bow gun , even though it failed to clean ##ly penetrate through the backing . the next shot from the 11 @ - @ inch dahl ##gren gun struck the upper hull and started a small leak even though it failed to penetrate the two @ - @ inch armor there . the next shell from the 15 @ - @ inch dahl ##gren glanced off the middle starboard gun shutter as it was being opened , wounding half the gun ' s crew with fragments . the final shell was also from the 15 @ - @ inch dahl ##gren and it struck the top of the pilot ##house , breaking the armor there and wounding
| 984 |
[
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"pilots",
"in",
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".",
"by",
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"time",
",",
"atlanta",
"had",
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"only",
"seven",
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"none",
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"which",
"hit",
"either",
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"ship",
",",
"and",
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"with",
"high",
"tide",
"not",
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"for",
"another",
"hour",
"and",
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"wee",
"##hawk",
"##en",
"and",
"nah",
"##ant",
"were",
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"to",
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"into",
"positions",
"from",
"which",
"the",
"atlanta",
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"s",
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"ports",
"would",
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"allow",
"her",
"to",
"reply",
"and",
"the",
"damage",
"already",
"inflicted",
"by",
"the",
"former",
"ship",
"made",
"further",
"resistance",
"futile",
".",
"webb",
"surrendered",
"his",
"ship",
"within",
"15",
"minutes",
"of",
"opening",
"fire",
",",
"before",
"nah",
"##ant",
"even",
"had",
"a",
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"fire",
".",
"of",
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"iron",
"##cl",
"##ad",
"'",
"s",
"21",
"officers",
"and",
"124",
"enlisted",
"men",
",",
"one",
"man",
"was",
"killed",
"and",
"another"
] | 194 |
both pilots in it . by this time , atlanta had been able to fire only seven shots , none of which hit either union ship , and was hard aground with high tide not due for another hour and a half . wee ##hawk ##en and nah ##ant were able to freely maneuver into positions from which the atlanta ' s narrow gun ports would not allow her to reply and the damage already inflicted by the former ship made further resistance futile . webb surrendered his ship within 15 minutes of opening fire , before nah ##ant even had a chance to fire . of the iron ##cl ##ad ' s 21 officers and 124 enlisted men , one man was killed and another
| 944 |
[
"sixteen",
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"badly",
"enough",
"to",
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"hospital",
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".",
"atlanta",
"was",
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"free",
"by",
"the",
"union",
"ships",
"and",
"she",
"reached",
"port",
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"under",
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"own",
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".",
"not",
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"damaged",
",",
"she",
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"the",
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"350",
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"##hawk",
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"nah",
"##ant",
"and",
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"##boat",
"ci",
"##mar",
"##ron",
",",
"the",
"only",
"ships",
"within",
"signaling",
"distance",
".",
"the",
"ship",
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"name",
"and",
"was",
"commissioned",
"again",
"on",
"2",
"february",
"1864",
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"rear",
"##med",
"with",
"a",
"pair",
"of",
"8",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"inch",
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"mm",
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"@",
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"@",
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"parrot",
"##t",
"rifles",
"in",
"the",
"bow",
"and",
"stern",
"and",
"6",
"@"
] | 195 |
sixteen were wounded badly enough to require hospital ##ization . atlanta was easily pulled free by the union ships and she reached port royal under her own power . not badly damaged , she was repaired and bought by the union navy . the prize money of $ 350 @ , @ 000 was shared between the crews of wee ##hawk ##en , nah ##ant and the gun ##boat ci ##mar ##ron , the only ships within signaling distance . the ship retained her name and was commissioned again on 2 february 1864 , rear ##med with a pair of 8 @ - @ inch ( 203 mm ) , 150 @ - @ pound parrot ##t rifles in the bow and stern and 6 @
| 957 |
[
".",
"@",
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"@",
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"all",
"four",
"of",
"her",
"brooke",
"rifles",
"are",
"currently",
"located"
] | 196 |
. @ 4 @ - @ inch , 100 @ - @ pound parrot ##t rifles amid ##ship ##s . the 150 @ - @ pound parrot ##t rifle weighed 16 @ , @ 500 pounds ( 7 @ , @ 500 kg ) and was 17 caliber ##s long . the 100 @ - @ pounder weighed 9 @ , @ 800 pounds ( 4 @ , @ 400 kg ) and was 20 caliber ##s long . it fired a 100 @ - @ pound ( 45 kg ) shell a distance of 6 @ , @ 900 yards ( 6 @ , @ 300 m ) at an elevation of + 25 ° . all four of her brooke rifles are currently located
| 986 |
[
"in",
"willard",
"park",
"in",
"the",
"washington",
"navy",
"yard",
".",
"atlanta",
"was",
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"1865",
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"june",
"1865",
"and"
] | 197 |
in willard park in the washington navy yard . atlanta was assigned to the north atlantic block ##ading squadron and spent most of her time stationed up the james river where she could support operations against richmond and defend against a sort ##ie by the iron ##cl ##ads of the james river squadron . on 21 may 1864 , she and the gun ##boat dawn fired on and dispersed confederate cavalry that was attacking fort pow ##hat ##an and she was deployed further up ##river in february 1865 after the battle of trent ' s reach to better blockade the confederate iron ##cl ##ads at richmond . after the end of the war in april , atlanta was decommissioned in philadelphia on 21 june 1865 and
| 977 |
[
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"in",
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"civil",
"war",
".",
"atlanta",
"was",
"released",
"and"
] | 198 |
placed in reserve at league island . she was sold to sam ward on 4 may 1869 for the price of $ 25 @ , @ 000 and subsequently delivered to representatives of haiti on 8 december by sydney oaks ##mith , a lawyer who had received an advance of $ 50 @ , @ 000 on her purchase price of $ 260 @ , @ 000 . the ship was briefly seized by the customs service , possibly for violations of neutrality laws as she had just loaded four large guns and a number of recruits for the forces of sy ##lva ##in sal ##na ##ve , president of haiti , who was em ##bro ##iled in a civil war . atlanta was released and
| 337 |
[
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"pageant",
"."
] | 199 |
sailed for port @ - @ au @ - @ prince three days later . she broke down in delaware bay and had to put in at chester , pennsylvania for repairs . the ship , now renamed either triumph or tri ##um ##fo , departed on 18 december 1869 and vanished en route , apparently sinking with the loss of all hands , either off cape hat ##tera ##s or the delaware cape ##s . = jacqueline fernandez = jacqueline fernandez ( born 11 august 1985 ) is a sri lankan actress , former model , and the winner of the 2006 miss universe sri lanka pageant . as miss universe sri lanka she represented her country at the 2006 world miss universe pageant .
| 66 |
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