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",",
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"of",
"chicago",
"."
] | 878,200 |
costa at cage warriors 68 on 3 may 2014. mann lost the fight via rear naked choke in the second round. = = championships and accomplishments = = shark fights shark fights featherweight championship ( one time ) = = mixed martial arts record = = = man enters the cosmos = man enters the cosmos is a cast bronze sculpture by henry moore located on the lake michigan lakefront outside the adler planetarium in the museum campus area of downtown chicago in cook county, illinois, united states. the planetarium, which is both a national historic landmark and listed on the national register of historic places, is located in the near south side community area of chicago.
| 862 |
[
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"a",
"commemorative",
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"the",
"benefactor"
] | 878,201 |
moore's sculpture is a functional bowstring equatorial sundial created in 1980 measuring approximately 13 feet ( 4 @. @ 0 m ). the sundial was formerly located slightly further south at the steps of the main entry plaza to the planetarium, but it now sits directly on the lakefront. the work is a later copy of a composition first created in the 1960s for the offices of the times newspaper at printing house square in london, and according to the henry moore foundation is titled sundial 1965 @ - @ 66. the sundial has two plaques on its base. the one on the left is a commemorative one discussing the benefactor
| 833 |
[
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"the",
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"of",
"time"
] | 878,202 |
and purpose of the sculpture. the benefactor of the sculpture was the b. f. ferguson monument fund, which has commissioned several works of art throughout chicago. many of the ferguson fund's commissioned works, such as the fountain of the great lakes, are housed in and on the grounds of the art institute of chicago or elsewhere in grant park. the purpose of the commission was to recognize the space exploration program. the plaque on the right is an equation of time table to correct for the time differences caused by the axial tilt of the earth as well as its orbital eccentricity. as the plaque indicates with an additional correction, the equation of time
| 813 |
[
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",",
"which",
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] | 878,203 |
table does not correct for daylight saving time. like most of moore's work completed after 1954, this was a modeled sculpture instead of a direct carving. the sculpture is composed of two bronze semicircles, one set inside and at right angles to the other and a slim bronze rod that extends from one end of the outer semicircle to the other that serves as the gnomon ( indicator ). the bowstring equatorial sundial derives its name from the appearance of the shadow @ - @ casting gnomon, which resembles a bow string. the shadow of the rod projects onto the inner semicircle, which serves
| 234 |
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",",
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"is",
"on"
] | 878,204 |
as the dial face ( or dial plate ), to mark the time of day when there is sufficient sunlight to produce shadows. over the course of the year different sections of the rod serve as the style, which is the part of the gnomon that indicates the time by casting its shadow on the dial face. at the summer solstice, when the sun is highest ( farthest above the equatorial plane ), the style is closest to the top of the rod, and at the winter solstice, when the sun is lowest, it is closest to the bottom. at the equinoxes, when the sun is on
| 1,646 |
[
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"with"
] | 878,205 |
the equatorial plane, the style is exactly in the center of the length of the rod. the style of the equatorial sundial is parallel to the earth's axis of rotation. this type of sundial is known as an equatorial sundial because the plane of the dial face is parallel to the earth's equatorial plane. two primary examples of modified equatorial sundials are bowstring equatorial and armillary dials. both of these modified equatorial sundials can be read year @ - @ round on the same surface, regardless of whether the sun is above or below the equatorial plane whereas a standard equatorial sundial changes sides with
| 148 |
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"@",
"-"
] | 878,206 |
each equinox and is virtually unreadable near the equinoxes when the sun is located on the equatorial plane. between 1997 and 1999, the adler planetarium added a sky pavilion to the original 1930 architecture. when it did so, the roads were moved and the sundial was moved to its current location. the move was performed by contractors of the adler planetarium in two phases. first, the sculpture was removed and placed in storage to make way for the current roadway. it was later moved to its current position after the new roadway was built and the old roadway was replaced with a walkway. now, a u @ -
| 166 |
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] | 878,207 |
@ turn in solidarity drive runs through the original location of the sundial, and the sundial is located on the walkway that replaced the previous roadway that went around the planetarium. the new location and the u @ - @ turn can be seen on a museum campus map. this construction was contemporaneous with the $ 100 million project that reconfigured of traffic around the museum campus and caused lake shore drive to be moved during the mid @ - @ 1990s. = = moore in chicago = = when moore was alive, he took pride in viewing his sculptures in the open @ - @ air environment. he once said he
| 1,968 |
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"north"
] | 878,208 |
would prefer to see his sculptures in any open landscape than in even the most beautiful buildings he knew. including this sculpture, moore has a total of four public sculptures that are listed in the smithsonian institution's research information system ( siris ) on display outdoors, in chicago. all of them are bronze. his nuclear energy is situated on the campus of the university of chicago at the site of the first self @ - @ sustaining nuclear reaction, which is listed in the national register of historic places. the site is also listed as a national historic landmark, and chicago landmark. other chicago works include large interior form, which is located in the north
| 896 |
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] | 878,209 |
garden at the art institute of chicago, and reclining figure, which is on loan to the university of chicago and which is located in the cochrane @ - @ woods art center courtyard. the henry moore foundation lists several other indoor chicago works at locations such as the art institute of chicago and the smart museum. = never been kissed ( glee ) = " never been kissed " is the sixth episode of the second season of the american television series glee, and the twenty @ - @ eighth episode overall. it was written by brad falchuk, directed by bradley buecker and premiered on fox on november 9, 2010. in " never been
| 2,173 |
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kissed ", the glee club members are assigned a boys against girls singing competition. the bullying of club member kurt hummel ( chris colfer ) intensifies, but he meets a new ally in blaine anderson ( darren criss ), the lead singer of a rival glee club. puck ( mark salling ) is released from juvenile detention and forms a friendship with artie abrams ( kevin mchale ), and football coach shannon beiste ( dot @ - @ marie jones ) is hurt when she learns that several of the students are visualizing her to quell their amorous moods. the episode began a story arc about bullying which spanned
| 2,434 |
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] | 878,211 |
the remainder of the season. it coincided with a spate of suicides among bullied youths, which reportedly gave the cast and crew additional inspiration to do their best work. six songs were covered — four in the form of two mash @ - @ ups — and all were released as singles which charted on the billboard hot 100. critics were less enthused by the mash @ - @ ups than the other performances ; criss's cover of " teenage dream " was particularly well @ - @ received, and became the first glee single to top the billboard digital songs chart. 10 @. @ 99 million us viewers watched "
| 2,993 |
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] | 878,212 |
never been kissed ". it was one of six episodes that were submitted to the judges for glee's nomination in the outstanding comedy series category at the 63rd primetime emmy awards. jones received an outstanding guest actress in a comedy series nomination for her work on the show, and submitted this episode for judging. reviewers approved of her performance but were very critical of her storyline and polarized by the plotting of the bullying story, though they generally approved of the episode's puck and artie sub @ - @ plot. glee club director will schuester ( matthew morrison ) announces the second new directions boys against girls singing competition. he later sees
| 2,961 |
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] | 878,213 |
a shaken kurt hummel in the hallway — he had been slammed against a locker by school bully dave karofsky ( max adler ) — and takes kurt to his office to recover. kurt criticizes both the school's failure to act against homophobic bullying and the lack of challenge in the club's competition ; will decides to modify the assignment to have the teams perform songs by groups of the opposite gender. kurt is happier with the new spin, but the other boys are unreceptive to his ideas for their team. puck is especially dismissive, and suggests that he go spy on the dalton academy warblers, one
| 2,434 |
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] | 878,214 |
of their competitors at the forthcoming sectionals round of show choir competition. the girls'team decides on and sings a mash @ - @ up of " start me up / livin'on a prayer ". kurt visits dalton academy, an all @ - @ boys private school, and watches the warblers perform " teenage dream ". he is befriended by lead singer blaine anderson, who is also gay and encourages kurt to stand up for himself. the next time he is attacked by karofsky, kurt confronts him in the boys'locker room, and as the argument intensifies he is kissed by karofsky
| 2,434 |
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] | 878,215 |
, which leaves kurt stunned. after kurt tells blaine of this, he and kurt later try to talk to karofsky about the difficulties and confusion his homosexual feelings must be causing him, but he denies that anything happened and soon returns to bullying kurt. puck has been granted early release from juvenile detention on the condition that he performs community service. he picks artie abrams, a paraplegic, to fulfill that service, and the two busk in the school courtyard. they sing a duet of " one love / people get ready " while puck surreptitiously intimidates their schoolmates into giving donations. he then helps
| 2,434 |
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] | 878,216 |
artie get back together with brittany pierce ( heather morris ), by setting up a double date with them and santana lopez ( naya rivera ). puck's caseworker joan martin ( michael hyatt ) had believed he was working to rehabilitate gang members, and tells him he will have to return to the detention center unless he finds an alternative type of service. puck admits to artie that despite his bravado, he was miserable when locked up and does not want to return ; artie convinces him to complete the required real community service and offers to tutor him in school. some members of new directions, who
| 2,443 |
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] | 878,217 |
need to cool their arousal while making out, discover that picturing football coach shannon beiste is very effective. when she finds out about their technique, beiste is deeply hurt and submits her resignation. will attempts to convince her to stay, and gives her a friendly kiss when she admits she has never been kissed. he then invites beiste to watch the boys'competition performance ; they apologize, dedicate their mash @ - @ up of " stop! in the name of love / free your mind " to her, and win her forgiveness. = = production = = " never been kissed " was written by series co @ -
| 2,467 |
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] | 878,218 |
@ creator brad falchuk, directed by bradley buecker, and premiered on november 9, 2010. it launched a story arc about bullying, which glee co @ - @ creator ryan murphy had been building to for a season and a half. he explained that he wanted kurt to reach a point where he would not accept the abusive treatment he received any more, and planned to follow the developments through the rest of the year, as all of the other characters were affected. the revelation that karofsky's antagonism stemmed from his own homosexual feelings was based on a personal acquaintance of murphy's. after the episode had
| 2,434 |
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been written, a spate of suicides occurred around the nation among teenage victims of bullying, which murphy said added extra significance to " never been kissed " and " ignite [ d ] the cast and the crew to do their best and push themselves with the story. " the episode introduced criss as blaine, a gay member of a rival glee club, the dalton academy warblers. in september 2010, a casting call was released for an actor to portray a " cute, charismatic, gay high school junior " who would lead a competing glee club. criss had auditioned for glee several times before, once for the role of finn
| 2,722 |
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hudson. the character breakdown for blaine was the first he believed he had a chance of securing, and indeed his audition was successful. blaine was introduced primarily as a mentor to kurt. criss explained, " at this point, kurt's [ sexuality ] has been such a sense of discord in his life. blaine finds [ being gay ] empowering. he embraces who he is, and sees kurt [ struggling with ] the same things that he had to deal with, and i think he wants to impart that knowledge. " murphy described blaine as a character with " great self @ - @ loathing " and regret for having
| 2,557 |
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run away from his own tormentors ; he intended this to form part of his story arc for the season, as blaine tries to set right some past mistakes. neither he nor criss knew whether blaine would eventually become kurt's boyfriend — a role originally intended for new club member sam evans ( chord overstreet ) until the producers decided to change sam to heterosexual and paired him with quinn — but based on the characters'chemistry and the " immediate outcry " from fans who wanted to see them as a couple, murphy later decided to pair them romantically. other recurring characters who appeared were glee club members sam and mike chang (
| 2,434 |
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harry shum, jr. ), principal figgins ( iqbal theba ), jock bully dave karofsky, cheerleader becky jackson ( lauren potter ), students jacob ben israel ( josh sussman ) and lauren zizes ( ashley fink ), and coach shannon beiste. although beiste's physical appearance was used as comedy in the episode, jones was not offended ; she called it hysterical, said " it serves a purpose for the message " and hoped " maybe it will make people think outside of the show. " murphy intended her storyline to highlight the fact that bullying can be damaging without necessarily being overt
| 2,570 |
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. he stated : " th [ e ] episode is completely about accountability. if you can change any young impressionable minds and make them aware of the consequences of their actions and all different forms of cruelty, i think that ’ s a great, great gift. " telly leung and titus makin, jr. guest starred as wes and david respectively, two additional members of the dalton academy warblers. hyatt guest starred as joan martin, puck's probation officer. the episode featured cover versions of " teenage dream " by katy perry, " one love / people get ready " by bob marley & the wailers, and
| 2,051 |
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mash @ - @ ups of the rolling stones'" start me up " with bon jovi's " livin'on a prayer ", and the supremes'" stop! in the name of love " with en vogue's " free your mind ". all of the songs performed were released as singles, available for download, and " teenage dream " and " one love / people get ready " are featured on the soundtrack album glee : the music, volume 4. " teenage dream " was later also included as the opening track on the seventh soundtrack album, glee : the music presents the warblers. the background
| 2,729 |
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vocals of " teenage dream " were provided by collegiate a cappella group the beelzebubs from tufts university. = = reception = = during its original broadcast, " never been kissed " was watched by 10 @. @ 99 million american viewers and attained a 4 @. @ 6 / 13 nielsen rating / share in the 18 – 49 demographic. its rating was a season low to that point ; however, glee was the top @ - @ rated show for the night of broadcast in all under @ - @ 50 categories. it was the most @ - @ viewed scripted show of the week amongst adults 18 – 49, and ranked twenty @
| 2,973 |
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- @ first amongst all viewers. in australia, the episode was watched by 1 @. @ 081 million viewers, a decline from previous weeks, which was attributed by david dale of the sydney morning herald to many regular viewers being away on schoolies week. in canada, 1 @. @ 97 million viewers watched the episode, placing twelfth for the week. in the uk, the episode was watched by 2 @. @ 64 million viewers ( 2 @. @ 20 million on e4, and 438 @, @ 000 on e4 + 1 ), which made it the most @ - @ watched show on cable for the week
| 2,975 |
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. glee was nominated in the outstanding comedy series category at the 63rd primetime emmy awards : " never been kissed " was one of six episodes submitted for consideration, paired with the season's fourth episode, " duets ". jones received an outstanding guest actress in a comedy series nomination for her work on glee's second season, and submitted her performance in the episode for final judging. = = = critical response = = = " never been kissed " received mixed reviews from critics, who were polarized by kurt's storyline. while cnn's lisa respers france thought it was glee's best episode thus far and ign's
| 2,961 |
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robert canning rated it 9 out of 10, which signifies an outstanding episode, linda holmes of national public radio dismissed it as " one of the most facile and emotionally inauthentic episodes the show has ever produced ", and todd vanderwerff of the a. v. club deemed it a failure on " almost every level. " the huffington post's leah anthony libresco found it an " extraordinarily counterproductive " response to the string of teenage gay suicides in early 2010. bobby hankinson of the houston chronicle and james poniewozik of time approved of the storyline in principle —
| 2,956 |
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] | 878,229 |
the former opined that glee's willingness to raise mainstream awareness of such issues was " incredibly courageous ", and the latter appreciated that it would span a multi @ - @ episode arc — but both were critical of its depiction in practice. many elements of the plot were highlighted as being problematic. holmes felt that karofsky's swift transition from bullying to kissing kurt was absurd and " emotionally unsound ". libresco disapproved of will for treating kurt's upset as the key problem, rather than the unchecked bullying which provoked it. she found blaine's advice to kurt " misleading and dangerous ",
| 2,434 |
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] | 878,230 |
especially the suggestion that targeted children should be held responsible for confronting their attackers and putting themselves at risk of further injury, rather than for protecting themselves. vanderwerff and poniewozik were critical of dalton academy : the former found its tolerance unrealistic and the latter was disappointed that glee declined to depict a flawed high school tackling bullying in favor of creating " an almost otherworldly paradise ". poniewozik also noted that the storyline was inherently flawed, as the show had previously treated bullying in a light @ - @ hearted manner, but opined that its saving grace was the focus it placed on colfer,
| 2,362 |
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] | 878,231 |
" probably the strongest actor with the most interesting character among the glee kids ". further praise for colfer's performance came from canning and entertainment weekly's tim stack, who approved of the episode for its depiction of there being no simple solution to the bullying. amy reiter of the los angeles times commented that it was testament to the writers and cast that karofsky's kiss startled the audience as much as it did kurt, and commended the transitioning of karofsky from a faceless jock into " a nuanced character with a back story and hidden motives of his own. " mtv's aly
| 2,717 |
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] | 878,232 |
semigran wrote that, should the episode inspire a single teenager to have courage in the face of discrimination, or re @ - @ consider bullying, it would be an impressive accomplishment. the beiste storyline was met with criticism. reiter questioned why beiste was made to look to high school students to " gauge her own desirability ", an element she found " hazy and creepy ". poniewozik criticized the depiction of beiste as an object of pity, and felt that will's behavior was worse than the students'when he acted with " amazing condescension " and kissed her. both ponie
| 2,377 |
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] | 878,233 |
##wozik and semigran disliked the way viewers were made complicit in beiste's humiliation by being invited to laugh at her expense, and holmes criticized glee for denying beiste dignity, with the observation that such a plot would never have been given to kurt. vanderwerff commented negatively on the way glee plays up beiste's " masculine nature " while simultaneously lecturing viewers against mocking her. he called the kiss " somehow both heartfelt and completely horrifying ". canning praised jones in her " best performance this season ", as well as beiste's " raw and real " confession to
| 2,979 |
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] | 878,234 |
will. the puck sub @ - @ plot received generally positive reviews. poniewozik called it the " best and most authentic of the night ", with praise for salling's performance, and canning felt that it served well as a comical break from the episode's other storylines. brett berk of vanity fair enjoyed the additional depth given to puck, and he, stack and new york's rebecca milzoff commented positively on puck's budding friendship with artie. vanderwerff deemed it the episode's " least objectionable " storyline, though wrote that the awkward inclusion of their duet, the
| 2,386 |
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] | 878,235 |
abruptness of artie's feelings for brittany, and the " forced nature " of the scene in which puck confesses that he does not want to return to juvenile detention all " conspired to keep the storyline from lifting off. " = = = music and performances = = = reviews of the episode's musical numbers were also mixed, with the mash @ - @ ups less favorably received than the other performances. canning felt that the songs intruded on the storytelling. hankinson wrote that the mash @ - @ ups were " shoehorned in [ to an ] already over @ - @ stuffed hour ",
| 2,362 |
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] | 878,236 |
and emily yahr of the washington post said they served " no real purpose ". buddytv's jen harper enjoyed the harmonies and simple arrangement of " one love / people get ready ", and anthony benigno of the daily news gave it an " a ", with praise for the vocals. stack graded it " b - ". he called it a " nice performance ", but incongruous in context, a concern shared by erica futterman of rolling stone, who preferred salling's rendition of " only the good die young " in the episode " grilled cheesus ". perry expressed approval of the
| 2,367 |
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cover of her song, " teenage dream ", through the social networking website twitter. harper found the choreography uncomfortable viewing, and hanh nguyen of zap2it agreed that the performers appeared to be " rockin'out a bit too much to it ", but felt that the song worked " remarkably well " overall. futterman deemed it the best song of the episode, and appreciated that it was more understated than numbers performed by rival glee club vocal adrenaline during the show's first season. stack went further and called the performance one of his favorites on glee ; he enjoyed the choreography and arrangement and graded it " a
| 2,362 |
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+ ". benigno again gave the song an " a " ; he called it " flawless " and an improvement on perry's original. in december 2012, tv guide named the rendition one of glee's best performances. the girls'bon jovi – rolling stones mash @ - @ up was received favorably by stack and milzoff — the former graded it " a ", the latter called it " brash and fun ", and both writers appreciated the black leather costumes. while harper also liked the costumes and the energetic performance, she felt it " paled in comparison " to the last mash @ - @ up
| 2,349 |
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"who",
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] | 878,239 |
the girls performed, in the season one episode " vitamin d ". futterman commented that the costumes and choreography overwhelmed the vocals, to the point of being " a little too miley and not enough glee ". benigno called the song a " cacophony " and gave it his lowest performance grade of the episode, a " d ". he suggested that glee had been responsible for " reviving the mashup fad ", but hoped the girls'performance would serve to end it again. the boys'supremes – en vogue mash @ - @ up was graded " a " by stack, who liked
| 2,884 |
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"\"",
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] | 878,240 |
the combination of artists. harper preferred the girls'costumes but felt the boys gave the better performance, while futterman found it overly @ - @ sentimental in context, but also preferred it to the girls'song. benigno gave it a " c ", and commented, " not quite the debacle the previous mash @ - @ up was, but given how fantastic this episode was, the sendoff should've been better. " all four of the cover versions featured debuted on the billboard hot 100, and appeared on other musical charts. on the hot 100, the show's rendition of " teenage dream " debuted
| 2,989 |
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] | 878,241 |
at number eight, and sold 55 @, @ 000 downloads on its first day and a total of 214 @, @ 000 copies in its first week, the best first @ - @ day and first @ - @ week sales numbers for any glee cast single. it was the first glee single to top billboard's digital songs chart, and debuted at number ten on the canadian hot 100. " teenage dream " was also the first single since the pilot's " don't stop believin'" to be certified gold in the us. the other three songs on the hot 100 were " start me up / livin'on
| 2,989 |
[
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] | 878,242 |
a prayer " at number thirty @ - @ one, which also made number twenty @ - @ two on the canadian hot 100 ; " stop! in the name of love / free your mind " at number thirty @ - @ eight, which also made number twenty @ - @ eight on the canadian hot 100 ; and " one love / people get ready " at number forty @ - @ one, which also made number thirty @ - @ two on the canadian hot 100. = wet season = the rainy season, or monsoon season, is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs. it usually lasts one or
| 2,988 |
[
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"are",
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"in",
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"##s",
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"have",
"dry",
"or",
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"seasons",
",",
"since",
"their",
"rainfall"
] | 878,243 |
more months. the term " green season " is also sometimes used as a euphemism by tourist authorities. areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropics and subtropics. under the koppen climate classification, for tropical climates, a wet season month is defined as a month where average precipitation is 60 millimetres ( 2 @. @ 4 in ) or more. in contrast to areas with savanna climates and monsoon regimes, mediterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers. dry and rainy months are characteristic of tropical seasonal forests : in contrast to tropical rainforests, which don't have dry or wet seasons, since their rainfall
| 1,483 |
[
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".",
"the",
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"increases",
"in"
] | 878,244 |
is equally distributed throughout the year. some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mid @ - @ season, when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough moves to higher latitudes in the middle of the warm season. when the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening. in the wet season, air quality improves, fresh water quality improves, and vegetation grows substantially, leading to crop yields late in the season. rivers overflow their banks, and some animals retreat to higher ground. soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. the incidence of malaria increases in
| 1,473 |
[
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"early",
"evening",
"in",
"savannah",
"and",
"monsoon"
] | 878,245 |
areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures, particularly in tropical areas. some animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wet season. often, the previous dry season leads to food shortages in the wet season, as the crops have yet to mature. = = character of the rainfall = = in areas where the heavy rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season is known as the monsoon. rainfall in the wet season is mainly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity within a pre @ - @ existing moist airmass, so the rain mainly falls in late afternoon and early evening in savannah and monsoon
| 1,887 |
[
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",",
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"in",
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"–",
"may",
",",
"extra",
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"cyclones",
"from",
"the"
] | 878,246 |
regions. further, much of the total rainfall each day occurs in the first minutes of the downpour, before the storms mature into their stratiform stage. most places have only one wet season, but areas of the tropics can have two wet seasons, because the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, can pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. however, since rain forests have rainfall spread evenly through the year, they don't have a wet season. it is different for places with a mediterranean climate. in the western united states, during the cold season from september – may, extratropical cyclones from the
| 1,887 |
[
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"-",
"@",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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"have",
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"season",
".",
"monsoon",
"regions",
"include",
"southeast",
"asia"
] | 878,247 |
pacific ocean move inland into the region due to a southward migration of the jet stream during the cold season. this shift in the jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the region, and sometimes also brings heavy rain and strong low pressure systems. the peninsula of italy has weather very similar to the western united states in this regard. = = areas affected = = areas with a savanna climate in sub @ - @ saharan africa, such as ghana, burkina faso, darfur, eritrea, ethiopia, and botswana have a distinct rainy season. also within the savanna climate regime, florida and south texas have a rainy season. monsoon regions include southeast asia
| 1,483 |
[
"(",
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",",
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",",
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"within",
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"regime",
",",
"the",
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"coast",
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"and",
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"similarly",
",",
"the",
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"season",
"in",
"the",
"ne",
"##ge",
"##v",
"desert",
"of",
"israel",
"extends",
"from"
] | 878,248 |
( including indonesia and philippines ), northern sections of australia's north, polynesia, central america, western and southern mexico, the desert southwest of the united states, southern guyana, portions of northeast brazil. northern guyana has two wet seasons : one in early spring and the other in early winter. in western africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections, but only one across the north. within the mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the united states and the mediterranean coastline of italy, greece, and turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. similarly, the wet season in the negev desert of israel extends from
| 1,473 |
[
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",",
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"##je",
"##wg",
".",
"the",
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",",
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"severe",
"thunder",
"##storm",
"##s",
",",
"flooding",
",",
"and",
"abundant"
] | 878,249 |
october through may. at the boundary between the mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the sonoran desert, which receives the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime. the wet season is known by many different local names throughout the world. for example, in mexico it is known as " storm season ". different names are given to the various short " seasons " of the year by the aboriginal tribes of northern australia : the wet season typically experienced there from december to march is called gudjewg. the precise meaning of the word is fairly disputable, although it is widely accepted to relate to the severe thunderstorms, flooding, and abundant
| 1,474 |
[
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".",
"arroyo",
"##s",
"that",
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"dry",
"at",
"other",
"times"
] | 878,250 |
vegetation growth commonly experienced at this time. in tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives, high daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. during the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and, in some places such as hong kong, an onshore wind, improve air quality. in brazil, the wet season is correlated with weaker trade winds off the ocean. the ph level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season. water also softens, as the concentration of dissolved materials reduces during the rainy season. erosion is also increased during rainy periods. arroyos that are dry at other times
| 1,482 |
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"'",
"s"
] | 878,251 |
of the year fill with runoff, in some cases with water as deep as 10 feet ( 3 @. @ 0 m ). leaching of soils during periods of heavy rainfall depletes nutrients. the higher runoff from land masses affects nearby ocean areas, which are more stratified, or less mixed, due to stronger surface currents forced by the heavy rainfall runoff. high rainfall can cause widespread flooding, which can lead to landslides and mudflows in mountainous areas. such floods cause rivers to burst their banks and submerge homes. the ghaggar @ - @ hakra river, which only flows during india's
| 1,889 |
[
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"before",
"crops",
"reach",
"their"
] | 878,252 |
monsoon season, can flood and severely damage local crops. floods can be exacerbated by fires during the previous dry season, which cause soils which are sandy or composed of loam to become hydrophobic, or water repellent. in various ways governments may help people deal with wet season floods. flood plain mapping identifies which areas are more prone to flooding. instructions on controlling erosion through outreach are also provided by telephone or the internet. = = life adaptations = = the wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. however, this also means that wet season is a time for food shortages before crops reach their
| 1,473 |
[
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"##s",
",",
"decreased",
"sal",
"##ini",
"##ty",
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] | 878,253 |
full maturity. this causes seasonal weight changes for people in developing countries, with a drop occurring during the wet season until the time of the first harvest, when weights rebound. malaria incidence increases during periods of high temperature and heavy rainfall. cows calve, or give birth, at the beginning of the wet season. the onset of the rainy season signals the departure of the monarch butterfly from mexico. tropical species of butterflies show larger dot markings on their wings to fend off possible predators and are more active during the wet season than the dry season. within the tropics and warmer areas of the subtropics, decreased salinity of
| 1,486 |
[
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"kevin",
"magnus",
"##sen",
",",
"who",
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"for",
"the",
"team",
"in"
] | 878,254 |
near shore wetlands due to the rains causes an increase in crocodile nesting. other species, such as the arroyo toad, spawn within the couple of months after the seasonal rains. armadillos and rattlesnakes seek higher ground. the mclaren mp4 @ - @ 30 was a formula one racing car designed by tim goss and neil oatley for mclaren to compete in the 2015 formula one season. the car was driven by 2005 and 2006 world drivers'champion fernando alonso, who returned to mclaren eight years after he last drove for the team and 2009 world champion jenson button. kevin magnussen, who drove for the team in
| 1,038 |
[
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",",
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"by",
"designing",
"the",
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"engine",
"to",
"operate"
] | 878,255 |
2014, temporarily stood in for alonso after a test accident. additional testing and development work was carried out by magnussen, stoffel vandoorne and oliver turvey. the car was the first built by mclaren since the mp4 / 7a — which contested the 1992 season — to be powered by a honda engine, known as the ra615h, after mclaren ended their twenty @ - @ year partnership with mercedes at the end of the 2014 season. the car was nicknamed the " size zero formula one car " by the team for its distinct sharply tapered rear end, which was achieved by designing the honda engine to operate
| 1,042 |
[
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"-",
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"##s",
"compromised",
"the",
"car",
"'",
"s",
"performance"
] | 878,256 |
at higher temperatures than other engines. at the end of the season, the car recorded a best finish of fifth place at the hungarian grand prix, and had scored just twenty @ - @ seven points, leaving mclaren ninth in the world constructors'championship. button and alonso were classified in sixteenth and seventeenth positions respectively, in the world drivers'championship, while magnussen was not formally classified, as he did not start the one race that he entered. this made 2015 the most difficult season in formula one that the team had endured in thirty @ - @ five years, as a string of technical problems and retirements compromised the car's performance
| 1,038 |
[
".",
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",",
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"—",
"where",
"he",
"had",
"served",
"as",
"the",
"team",
"'",
"s",
"head"
] | 878,257 |
. an analysis of the project pointed towards failure in communication between mclaren and honda, honda under @ - @ estimating the technology required for the engine, and critical faults in the engine's design, as the cause of the team's problems. = = design and development = = having developed the mclaren mp4 @ - @ 29 in 2014, tim goss and neil oatley returned to design and build the mp4 @ - @ 30. peter prodromou, who previously worked for mclaren between 1991 and 2006, was recruited back to the team from red bull racing — where he had served as the team's head
| 1,046 |
[
"of",
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"=",
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"had",
"previously",
"competed",
"in",
"formula",
"one",
"as",
"a"
] | 878,258 |
of aerodynamics — to aid in designing the mp4 @ - @ 30 and to oversee the team's trackside operations alongside former sauber designer matt morris. the ra615h engine was developed at honda's automobile research and development facilities in utsunomiya in tochigi prefecture — the same facility used to develop the honda civic wtcc for use in the world touring car championship and the honda nsx @ - @ gt to compete in the japanese super gt championship — with the project led by yasuhisa arai. = = = early development = = = honda had previously competed in formula one as a
| 1,043 |
[
"construct",
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",",
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"'",
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] | 878,259 |
constructor when they purchased british american racing in 2006, before selling the team to brawn gp ahead of the 2009 season. with the sport introducing a brand @ - @ new engine formula in 2014 and mercedes, their engine @ - @ supplier, establishing their own team, mclaren sought a new engine supplier with a view to a long @ - @ term relationship. the partnership with honda was first announced in may 2013, and the ra615h engine spent the next eighteen months in development. the team used mercedes'pu106a hybrid engine in the mclaren mp4 @ - @ 29 throughout the 2014 season. development of the mclaren mp
| 1,046 |
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] | 878,260 |
##4 @ - @ 30 started with the mclaren mp4 @ - @ 29h / 1x1, a variation of the mp4 @ - @ 29 that was developed to test the new engine. the car made appearances at test sessions at the silverstone and yas marina circuits, where it was driven by mclaren's testing and development driver stoffel vandoorne. the testing programme of the mp4 @ - @ 29h / 1x1 was limited by technical problems with the engine that prevented significant running and the chassis was shelved following its appearance at yas marina, with the team carrying the engine over to the mp
| 1,043 |
[
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"the",
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"amount",
"of"
] | 878,261 |
##4 @ - @ 30 chassis ahead of the first pre @ - @ season test of the 2015 season at jerez de la frontera. the car was the first of the 2015 entries to pass its mandatory crash tests, getting final approval from the fia in december 2014. the mp4 @ - @ 30 made its debut at the first pre @ - @ season test at the circuito de jerez. the team endured a difficult start, with the ra615h engine suffering from a series of recurring mechanical faults that restricted the team's running over the four days, and they finished the test having completed the least amount of
| 1,043 |
[
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"30",
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"twelve",
"laps",
"of",
"the",
"barcelona",
"circuit"
] | 878,262 |
mileage among those present. the issues that had plagued the car were not resolved in time for the second test at the circuit de barcelona @ - @ catalunya, prompting mclaren to replace some parts supplied by honda with parts that they had developed independently in 2014. the team finally managed to get some substantial running in during the final test in barcelona ; after completing just seven laps on the first day, jenson button was able to complete over one hundred on the second. however, with two weeks until the opening race, the longest stint of continuous running that the mp4 @ - @ 30 had completed was twelve laps of the barcelona circuit
| 1,037 |
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"to",
"a",
"steering"
] | 878,263 |
. this distance — 55 @. @ 8 km ( 34 @. @ 7 mi ) — is less than a quarter of a full grand prix distance of 307 @. @ 1 km ( 190 @. @ 8 mi ). the team's pre @ - @ season preparations were overshadowed by an accident involving fernando alonso on the final day of testing that saw alonso hospitalised with a concussion and ruled out of the third and final test. kevin magnussen, mclaren's test and reserve driver, was drafted in as his replacement for the remainder of the test and the opening round of the season. alonso later attributed the accident to a steering
| 1,038 |
[
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"-",
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"30",
"to",
"have",
"tight",
"packaging",
",",
"honda",
"introduced",
"several",
"radical"
] | 878,264 |
failure, although mclaren maintained that there was no evidence of a car failure in the telemetry data following the accident. = = power unit — honda ra615h = = an analysis of the ra615h revealed that honda had developed the power unit with the 2016 season in mind ; although no substantial revisions to the technical regulations had been put forward, the decision was made so that honda could make a head @ - @ start on developing its 2016 engine without wasting time trying to maintain development of a juvenile power unit in 2015. furthermore, with mclaren developing the mp4 @ - @ 30 to have tight packaging, honda introduced several radical
| 1,043 |
[
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"es",
"##che",
"##wed",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"a",
"cent",
"##ri",
"##fu"
] | 878,265 |
concepts to the engine that allowed them to develop a smaller engine that weighed just 145 kg ( 320 lb ) and would fit within the confines of the chassis, with the trade @ - @ off being that it required additional water cooling to keep temperatures under control. first, the turbocharger was split and positioned alongside the motor generator unit @ - @ heat ( mgu @ - @ h ) — the generator harvesting heat energy from the exhaust manifold used to power the turbine — and positioned within the cylinder banks forming the'v'configuration of the engine. in order to make this fit, honda eschewed the use of a centrifu
| 1,857 |
[
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"(",
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"##rs",
")",
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"2009"
] | 878,266 |
##gal fan in its single @ - @ stage compressor in favour of using several smaller fans positioned at intervals along a shaft. although this would limit the ability of the turbocharger to build up the maximum amount of boost pressure, the 100 kg / h fuel flow limit introduced in 2014 minimised the impact of this. the motor generator unit @ - @ kinetic ( mgu @ - @ k ) — the generator harvesting energy from the engine spinning while under braking — was positioned in front of the engine to deliver energy directly to the crankshaft, following the convention established with the introduction of the kinetic energy recovery system ( kers ) in 2009
| 1,857 |
[
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"an",
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] | 878,267 |
. the batteries housing the energy harvested by the mgu @ - @ h and mgu @ - @ k were merged with the electronic control unit and positioned in front of the engine. both the mgu @ - @ h and mgu @ - @ k were capable of harvesting 4 megajoules ( 1 @. @ 1 kwh ) of energy per lap. however, under the 2015 regulations, both systems could only deploy 2 megajoules ( 0 @. @ 56 kwh ) of energy per lap. at the hungarian grand prix, it was noted that honda had taken the unusual step of giving each engine an individual designation such
| 1,632 |
[
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",",
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] | 878,268 |
as " pu18'greyhawk'" and " pu22'erica'". with each engine manufacturer on the 2015 grid being granted some limited scope to develop their engines, mclaren and honda were given some leeway to develop the ra615h power unit before it was required to be homologated despite having had eighteen months of uninterrupted development prior to the first race. under the 2015 regulations, the power units were divided into thirty @ - @ two areas for development, and honda were given permission to develop nine over the course of the season. the first engine updates were introduced at the canadian grand prix, aimed
| 345 |
[
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"poor",
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] | 878,269 |
at improving the reliability of the motor generator units, but by mid @ - @ season, the engine was reported to be producing 120 bhp ( 89 kw ) less power than the mercedes pu106b hybrid engine, the benchmark of the 2015 grid. during preparations for the british grand prix, ron dennis, the mclaren ceo and chairman, noted that the team was encouraged by the aerodynamic data they had collected on the chassis, particularly its mid @ - @ corner speeds which he claimed were similar to those produced by other teams. he further added that the car's performance issues could be traced back to a lack of outright power and poor fuel
| 1,043 |
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] | 878,270 |
efficiency from the engine. eric boullier, the team principal, further suggested that the main problem that the team faced was improving the efficiency of the ra615h's energy recovery systems, both in harvesting and deploying the additional power, and that by developing these areas, the car could make up several seconds on lap time, enough for the car to compete regularly for podium finishes. after the engine struggled with reliability issues throughout the first half of the season, yasuhisa arai declared himself happy with honda's progress following the british grand prix and announced that the development focus would switch to improving the performance of the ra
| 1,038 |
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] | 878,271 |
##615h ahead of the next round of planned updates at the belgian grand prix, with plans for a wider range of updates spread out over the remainder of the season, with the singapore grand prix earmarked as the first race that would be representative of the new engine's performance. honda predicted that the updated ra615h would produce enough horsepower to rival the ferrari 059 / 4 engine. despite being an average 13 @. @ 3 km / h ( 8 @. @ 3 mph ) slower than the fastest driver through the speed trap over the first half of the season, an analysis of the engine's performance revealed that
| 1,038 |
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] | 878,272 |
it had gradually reduced the deficit to the renault energy @ - @ f1 2015. yasuhisa arai went on to suggest that the engine had a 25 bhp ( 18 @. @ 6 kw ) advantage over renault, but was still an estimated 50 bhp ( 37 @. @ 3 kw ) behind mercedes. the updates introduced in belgium included changes to the combustion chamber, intake and exhaust aimed at reducing stress on other engine components to allow them to operate at peak efficiency. an analysis of the team's mechanical problems further suggested that there was a critical fault in the internal combustion chamber that was having a residual effect on the other components by
| 1,624 |
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] | 878,273 |
placing undue stress on them, and an inefficient mgu @ - @ h that was using energy faster than it could be harvested with the net effect that the engine would lose up to 160 bhp ( 120 kw ) halfway through a lap. during the race, the car was observed to be harvesting energy at the top of the kemmel straight — the fastest point on the circuit — while other cars were deploying their energy at the same place. despite arai's insistence that the ra615h had an advantage over the renault engine, fernando alonso estimated that the car was losing up to three seconds per lap to
| 1,632 |
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] | 878,274 |
mercedes at the italian grand prix and was unable to attack or defend its position against the renault @ - @ powered scuderia toro rosso cars, even with the drag reduction system ( drs ) deployed. alonso's comments came amidst the first public signs of tension between mclaren and honda with reports that the team had requested that arai be removed from his position as project manager. an analysis of the development carried out by rival manufacturers revealed that both mercedes and ferrari had found an additional 40 bhp ( 29 @. @ 8 kw ) over the course of the season through the development of bespoke fuel blends and the reconfi
| 1,038 |
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] | 878,275 |
##guration of their combustion chambers to promote more efficient fuel burning, offsetting the gains made by honda. honda started to introduce their third and final round of upgrades ahead of the russian grand prix, focusing on the internal combustion engine and associated exhaust parts with the aim of improving the efficiency of the mgu @ - @ h and gradually introducing new parts over the next three rounds. the engine ancillaries were reconfigured to allow for better packaging within the chassis, while the axial compressor was replaced with a more conventional — albeit smaller — design. the exhaust wastegate was also updated ahead of planned development for 2016, with the
| 345 |
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] | 878,276 |
exhaust outlets reconfigured to improve the engine's power curve. honda chose to focus on the internal combustion engine instead of directly addressing the problems with the mgu @ - @ h as they felt that the problems could not be adequately addressed with their remaining allowance for in @ - @ season development, and instead deferred development of the mgu @ - @ h until the end of the season when the restrictions on development would be lifted. the upgrades were given to alonso, with button scheduled to receive them two rounds later at the mexican grand prix. the updates were received positively by alonso, who pointed out that he had been
| 345 |
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] | 878,277 |
setting lap times that were faster than those recorded by lewis hamilton during the opening phase of the race, and that the team had identified the potential to gain two and a half seconds per lap in 2016 through further refining of the engine and by adopting aerodynamic design elements used by other teams. button was less optimistic, pointing out that the engine would struggle in mexico as the high altitude of the autodromo hermanos rodriguez — some 2 @, @ 229 metres ( 7 @, @ 313 @. @ 0 ft ) above sea level — would leave the turbine down on power given the low density of the air. although the team's predictions of
| 1,041 |
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] | 878,278 |
a difficult weekend were proven true after qualifying, they highlighted the deficit to the leading mercedes through the less power @ - @ dependent sectors of the circuit as being consistently within three tenths of a second, the narrowest the margin had been over the course of the season. the ra615h was widely criticised by the wider formula one community, with the team's struggles becoming a recurring theme throughout the 2015 season. this criticism was particularly directed at honda's project manager yasuhisa arai and the rigidly compartmentalised structure between the two companies that saw honda develop the engine independently of and with minimal input from mclaren,
| 648 |
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] | 878,279 |
and their failure to recruit any engineers from rival engine manufacturers mercedes, ferrari and renault, even after arai's acknowledgement that honda had underestimated the demands of the sport and the technology required to compete. responding to the criticism, arai claimed that the " size zero " approach demanded by mclaren — attempting to create a more compact design to fit the tight packaging of the mp4 @ - @ 30 chassis — had compromised the overall design of the engine and limited the ability to develop it over the course of the season. fernando alonso defended the move, suggesting that honda's independent development programme would make it difficult for other manufacturers to
| 1,046 |
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] | 878,280 |
copy the ra615h's design. mclaren ceo ron dennis took a broader view, attributing the team's difficult season to a range of factors — including chassis development and staff morale — rather than the engine performance alone. further criticism was directed towards the decision to consciously limit honda's involvement in the sport to supplying a single team, with scuderia toro rosso and the embattled manor marussia touted as a potential honda customer to gather additional data. however, the team rejected the criticism, arguing that the infrastructure needed to establish such a partnership would distract from their own campaign, and earmark
| 345 |
[
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"##s",
"remained",
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"team",
"'",
"s",
"biggest"
] | 878,281 |
##ing the 2017 season as the earliest possible date that an expansion could be considered. with the team revising its performance targets down from podiums to regular points, eric boullier acknowledged that the team would be facing a budgetary shortfall for the 2016 season, estimated to be some us $ 23 million ( £ 15 million ), as the team had originally anticipated finishing fifth rather than ninth in world constructors'championship, and with it, a great share of prize money. in the build @ - @ up to the japanese grand prix, alonso noted that although addressing the power unit's shortcomings remained the team's biggest
| 234 |
[
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"martin",
"br",
"##und",
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"opined",
"that"
] | 878,282 |
challenge, he was unhappy with some of their trackside operations, citing a lack of running in friday practice sessions, under @ - @ preparedness in starting procedures and pit stops, and unreliability of other parts — such as the gearbox — as compounding the problems with the engine. after being powerless to defend against repeated overtakes during the race, alonso was overheard condemning the ra615h as " embarrassing " and a " gp2 engine " over the radio. despite honda alluding to running the engine at its peak performance at the hungarian grand prix, the former driver and sky sports commentator martin brundle opined that
| 1,037 |
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".",
"at",
"the"
] | 878,283 |
he felt mclaren were pursuing a research and development programme rather than a pure racing programme, and so were looking for different outcomes for the season rather than outright results. with button qualifying thirteenth for the russian grand prix, half a second behind the red bull of daniil kvyat, brundle described the team as having made " their first meaningful progress of the season ". however, three races later and following the upgrade introduced in mexico, brundle said that the engine was still down on power, inefficient, and lacking reliability and therefore suffering the same issues that had plagued it since the start of the season. at the
| 1,038 |
[
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"difficult",
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"to",
"the",
"season",
"in",
"melbourne",
"as",
"button",
"and"
] | 878,284 |
conclusion of the 2015 season, yasuhisa arai left his role within the team. he was replaced by yusuke hasegawa, the managing director of honda research and development, as honda focused on development of the ra615h's successor, the ra616h. = = competition history = = two weeks before the australian grand prix, fernando alonso withdrew from the race on medical advice following his testing accident. having driven in alonso's stead during pre @ - @ season testing, kevin magnussen remained with the team for the race. the team endured a difficult start to the season in melbourne as button and
| 1,046 |
[
"magnus",
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"whilst",
"driving",
"to",
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"grid",
".",
"alonso",
"returned"
] | 878,285 |
magnussen qualified on the final row of the grid, detuning the engine ahead of the race to preserve its reliability ; button would later be recorded going through the speed trap at 288 km / h ( 179 mph ), some 21 km / h ( 13 mph ) slower than the fastest car. in a race of attrition, button was the final classified finisher, in eleventh position, two laps behind the race winner. in doing so, he completed the mp4 @ - @ 30's first full race distance. magnussen did not make it to the start after his engine failed whilst driving to the grid. alonso returned
| 1,037 |
[
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"where",
"both",
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"finishing",
".",
"although",
"alonso",
"repeated"
] | 878,286 |
to the team for the malaysian grand prix, where the engine was retuned to operate at a higher level of performance and the team introduced a range of aerodynamic updates including sidepod fins and a new front wing. however, alonso and button still qualified on the penultimate row of the grid ahead of the manor marussia drivers roberto merhi and will stevens. both cars retired from the race with mechanical problems. the team did not score any points during the first round of flyaway races, struggling with poor reliability and a lack of engine performance ; the chinese grand prix was the only race where both cars were classified as finishing. although alonso repeated
| 1,038 |
[
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"of",
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".",
"however",
","
] | 878,287 |
the team's best finish of eleventh place in bahrain, any hope of improved performance was arrested with the start of the european season at the next round in spain, where button finished sixteenth and alonso retired with brake problems. button scored the car's first points in monaco, with an eighth @ - @ place finish. he later attributed the result to having confidence in the car, noting that he could raise the ride height at the front end of the car and brake heavily without locking the brakes or bottoming out and hitting the road, but without compromising the performance of the car when turning in to the apex of a corner. however,
| 1,042 |
[
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] | 878,288 |
in the following races in canada and austria, the team's struggles came to a head as they were forced to reduce the power output of the engine to levels that had not been used since australia, and could not therefore provide a competitive package for the long straights and slow corners of the circuit gilles villeneuve and red bull ring. in addition, with their arrival in austria, both button and alonso had used up their quota of engine components for the season, which combined with unscheduled gearbox changes, resulted in both drivers receiving twenty @ - @ five place grid penalties. the team also introduced their first major aerodynamic updates for the season
| 1,037 |
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",",
"alonso",
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"his",
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"of",
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"season",
"with"
] | 878,289 |
, replacing the snub nose of the original design with a squared @ - @ off front end similar to the designs of the williams fw37 and red bull rb11. the rear of the floor was also revised, with a series of slots cut into the body in front of the rear wheels to change the air pressure flowing towards the diffuser. the team only saw limited running as alonso retired on the opening lap after a collision with kimi raikkonen, but they were able to assess the new design at a post @ - @ race test. after enduring four consecutive retirements, alonso scored his first point of the season with
| 1,035 |
[
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"finished",
"fifth"
] | 878,290 |
a tenth @ - @ place finish in great britain. with the sporting regulations amended to allow honda to supply an extra engine without penalty, mclaren opted to use it in hungary, where the tight confines of the hungaroring and lower demands on outright power were expected to benefit the mp4 @ - @ 30. despite further reliability problems preventing the car from reaching the final qualifying session as the team expected, both button and alonso expressed satisfaction with the feeling of the chassis and the team's development, describing it as their best weekend of the season. the team went on to record their first finish with both cars in the points after alonso finished fifth
| 1,035 |
[
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"of",
"four"
] | 878,291 |
and button ninth, and the team went into the summer break with seventeen points, five points behind sauber in the world constructors'championship. mclaren deliberately introduced two brand @ - @ new engines for both alonso and button at the belgian grand prix, effectively moving them to the back of the grid, but allowing them to contest the italian and singapore grands prix — deemed to be crucial races in assessing the engine's development — without the risk of a penalty. despite this plan, the team were forced to take another penalty in italy when further engine changes were needed, bringing their total use up to nine engines from the original allocation of four
| 1,038 |
[
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"longer",
"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 878,292 |
. belgium also saw the team's second major aerodynamic update : the team added extra fins to the front of the floor to improve air flow under the car, lowered the height of the sidepods and revised the engine cover. the position of the radiator used to cool the energy recovery system was also changed. both cars completed the belgian grand prix, but once again finished outside the points, one lap down in thirteenth and fourteenth place. button described the result as " embarrassing " after both cars were classified as finishing behind sebastian vettel despite vettel retiring from the race on the final lap. the team reverted to the longer @ - @
| 1,035 |
[
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"=",
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"rounds",
"=",
"="
] | 878,293 |
specification snub nose for the italian grand prix in order to provide better aerodynamic balance and lower drag on the high @ - @ speed autodromo nazionale monza circuit. the change proved to be of little benefit, as both drivers were eliminated in the first qualifying period and struggled throughout the race. button finished in fourteenth, while alonso retired with an electrical problem but was classified in eighteenth position as he had completed 90 % of race winner lewis hamilton's race distance. the race marked a milestone of fifty races since mclaren's last grand prix win at the 2012 brazilian grand prix. = = = = asian and american rounds = =
| 1,038 |
[
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"the",
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"tyres",
"during",
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"practice",
"in"
] | 878,294 |
= = with the championship returning to asia for the second round of flyaway races, the team arrived in singapore confident of scoring points ; despite both cars advancing to the second period of qualifying and running in the top ten throughout the race, both cars retired with gearbox problems. alonso was forced out after his car kept selecting neutral without input — a problem that affected several drivers ; button was involved in contact with pastor maldonado while trying to pass the slow @ - @ moving alexander rossi during a safety car restart before his gearbox overheated. after experimenting with a new front wing designed to improve air flow around the front tyres during free practice in
| 1,037 |
[
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".",
"despite",
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"penalties",
"that",
"saw",
"them"
] | 878,295 |
singapore, the team introduced the parts at the next race in japan one week later. however, the team struggled with tyre pressures ; following sebastian vettel's high @ - @ speed tyre blow @ - @ out during the belgian grand prix, the fia introduced a mandatory minimum tyre pressure setting on the advice of tyre supplier pirelli. for the japanese grand prix, these pressures were raised by 2 psi ( 14 kpa ) compared to the levels used during the 2014 race, which affected the mp4 @ - @ 30's ride height and vertical suspension travel and produced increased understeer. despite taking advantage of grid penalties that saw them
| 1,038 |
[
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] | 878,296 |
start twelfth and fourteenth respectively, alonso and button went on to finish eleventh and sixteenth. with the team acknowledging that the singapore grand prix had represented their final opportunity to score points on merit, their focus shifted to development of their 2016 car over the final leg of the championship. in addition to the engine upgrades honda brought to russia, the team sought to use the high @ - @ speed and low @ - @ degradation characteristics of the sochi autodrom circuit to test experimental bodywork parts, including the exhaust configuration. in a race of attrition, both button and alonso initially finished in the points, with button in ninth and alonso taking
| 1,035 |
[
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"height",
"and"
] | 878,297 |
tenth until alonso was given a five @ - @ second penalty after the race that relegated him to eleventh place. in addition to the engine upgrades honda introduced for the united states grand prix, mclaren brought a new aerodynamic package for the mp4 @ - @ 30 which revised the front wing to increase downforce, altered the turning vanes to improve air flow over the front splitter, and adopted a concept pioneered by ferrari to the rear floor designed to reduce the impact of airflow washing over the rear wheels and disrupting the rear diffuser, which in turn opened up a wider range of set @ - @ up options for the ride height and
| 1,857 |
[
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] | 878,298 |
rake, or the angle between the front and rear ride height. these updates were designed to bring the mp4 @ - @ 30 in line with the designs developed by other teams. with the engine and aerodynamic updates, the team had hoped to compete for points on merit, and while alonso clashed with felipe massa on the opening lap, he was running as high as fifth on the closing stages — and was on course to replicate the team's best result of the season — before suffering a loss of power and slipping back down the order to finish eleventh. with alonso out of the points, button was promoted to sixth. the race also saw
| 1,035 |
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] | 878,299 |
what would be the car's best qualifying performance as alonso started eleventh, while the six points button scored saw the team close to within ten points of sauber in the world constructors'championship. however, the result also meant that mclaren had endured its longest winless streak of fifty @ - @ three races, previously set between the 1977 japanese grand prix and the 1981 british grand prix. despite the progress that the team made over the previous rounds, the mp4 @ - @ 30's struggles continued in mexico, with both drivers eliminated early in qualifying, and jenson button setting a new record for grid penalties, changing enough parts to
| 1,038 |
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