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Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of an augmented reality system on a PDA, and key words: Augmented reality, Image coding, GSM, Wireless LAN, Displays, Cameras, Decoding, Hardware, Software architecture, Rendering (computer graphics). Abstract: We present a client/server implementation for running demanding mobile AR application on a PDA device. The system incorporates various data compression methods to make it run as fast as possible on a wide range of communication networks, from GSM to WLAN.
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701 |
Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Study of Output-based and Error-based ADRC Schemes in Application to Buck Converter-fed DC Motor System, and key words: DC motors, Uncertainty, Standards, Resistance, Estimation, Voltage control, Hardware. Abstract: The majority of currently used active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) techniques is expressed in 2DOF output-based form. For relatively high-order systems, this imposes limitations on the conventional ADRC, like the necessity of having certain higher-order terms available for controller synthesis and the lack of direct compatibility with standard industrial control software, which favors simplicity and intuitiveness of feedback error-based designs. That is why, in this work, a comparative study is conducted between the conventional 2DOF output-based ADRC and the recently proposed 1DOF error-based formulation of ADRC. Through a set of hardware experiments on a converter-fed motor testbed, the error-based ADRC is shown to retain the robustness of the 2DOF design, while having a simplified controller, being free from assumptions on availability of particular signals, and with the entire observer-based control structure being represented in a practically appealing, compact form. The obtained results also show that a major design simplification can be achieved with error-based ADRC without sacrificing the performance of the original output-based form.
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702 |
Please write an abstract with title: Optimal energy management in public buildings using mixed-integer linear programming, and key words: Buildings, Batteries, Linear programming, Production, Mathematical model, Energy efficiency, Power generation. Abstract: European Union has revised the regulations and implemented a number of measures, all with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the efficiency of buildings. In order to achieve the desired goals, it is necessary to combine conventional energy sources with renewables. In this way, it is possible to increase efficiency and reduce harmful consequences, especially for large electricity consumers, such as public buildings. However, in addition to all the benefits of distributed energy sources, there are many difficulties that must be addressed, such as optimal control of the energy sources. The paper presents the mixed-integer linear programming method, which is used on an example of the public building with integrated RES systems, in order to optimize electricity consumption.
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703 |
Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial CNN Training Under JPEG Laundering Attacks: a Game-Theoretic Approach, and key words: Transform coding, Detectors, Games, Image coding, Training, Forensics, Quality function deployment. Abstract: Detecting image manipulations in the presence of JPEG post-processing is often a challenging task. For this reason, in many cases, JPEG compression is applied as a laundering-type counter-forensic attack, to impair the performance of the detector. A possible countermeasure, for data-driven approaches, consists in building a JPEG-aware detector by training the detector on JPEG-compressed images. However, the choice of the quality factor (QF) used to compress the training images is not obvious, given that the detector does not know the QF used by the attacker. In this work, we introduce a game-theoretic framework to compare three possible approaches to make such a choice, namely: i) training on images compressed using a single QF chosen strategically by taking into account the different goals of the forensic analyst and the attacker, ii) estimation of the QF used by the attacker and subsequent use of a network trained on a matched QF, iii) training on a mixture of QFs. We exemplify the proposed framework by applying it to the detection of a specific image manipulation, namely Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE). The experiments show how the proposed framework allows to design a JPEG-aware AHE-detector and set the stage for the use of a similar procedure for the detection of other image manipulations in the presence of JPEG-laundering attacks.
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704 |
Please write an abstract with title: Research on Flux Weakening Control of Single Q-axis Current Regulator Scheme for Long Stator Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor, and key words: Couplings, Magnetic levitation vehicles, Regulators, Fluctuations, Stators, Synchronous motors, Traction motors. Abstract: The long stator permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (LS-PMLSM) used for the maglev vehicle needs to adopt flux weakening (FW) control to increase its speed due to the limitation of the traction inverter output voltage. In this paper, it is proved that the speed of LS-PMLSM with the feeder cable can be increased by FW control, and an FW control scheme based on the single q-axis current regulator (SQCR) is proposed. Compared with the conventional FW control, the proposed SQCR-FW control scheme can eliminate the coupling between the two current regulators. The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment shows that LS-PMLSM can achieve the highest target speed and complete the full speed operation. It can reduce current and traction fluctuation and the actual speed of the motor can follow the reference speed curve better when compared with the double current regulator (DCR) method.
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705 |
Please write an abstract with title: Controlled Release of Magnetic Particles for Drug Delivery in the Human Lung, and key words: Force, Drug delivery, Drugs, Lung, Tumors, Atmospheric modeling, Saturation magnetization. Abstract: Improving drug delivery to a specific site of body is an important issue. Magnetic drug targeting is an appropriate technique for drug delivery to a specified area. This method has been adopted in drug delivery to the lung tissues due to widespread outbreak of the lung cancer in the recent decades. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of drug delivery to the lung tissues is of paramount importance. In this article, controlled particle release from a determined area and magnetic drug targeting methods are used to deliver the drug to a tumor in the generation G2 of the human lung. Weibel model is used for modeling of the human lung airways, and particles are made of iron oxide magnetic cores and poly lactic coglycolic acid shell. Herein, two different methods of drug delivery are tested and compared. In the first method, controlled particle release in the absence of magnetic field is accomplished and in the second method, controlled particle release in the presence of magnetic field is performed for the first time. A coil is used to produce magnetic field. Comparison of the results obtained in this article with the previous results of the drug delivery to tumors by random particle release method (in the presence and absence of magnetic field) showed that controlled particle release method improves the deposition efficiency on the tumor surface and increases the efficiency from 0.09% (random particle release in the absence of magnetic field) and 5.69% (random particle release in the presence of magnetic field) for tumor with r/R = 1.5 to 87% and 100% in the controlled particle release without and with the presence of magnetic field, respectively. Consequently, the best method of drug targeting is controlled particle release in the presence of the magnetic field. Using the mentioned method, deposition efficiency reaches 100% for tumors with r/R values of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 in this article.
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706 |
Please write an abstract with title: Numerical simulation of a phaseless, non-redundant plane-polar antenna characterization, and key words: Microwave antennas, Microwave communication, Numerical simulation, Wave functions, Stability analysis, Numerical models, Reliability. Abstract: The increasing interest for high frequencies solicits the use of phaseless near-field-far-field (NF-FF) transformations for antenna characterization. The aim of this paper is to present a numerical validation of a phaseless NF-FF transformation with plane-polar scanning.A reduction of about 75% of the required NF samples as compared to standard λ/4 sampling is obtained by adopting an oblate spheroid to model the antenna under test (AUT) and by exploiting the non-redundant sampling representations of electromagnetic fields. An effective and proper representation of the unknowns, also taking advantage of the available information on the AUT, allows one to improve reliability and stability of the inversion process.Numerical results are presented.
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707 |
Please write an abstract with title: Cryptocurrency Price Prediction using Bi-GRU Model with English and Malay News Sentiment Features, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Sentiment analysis, Computational modeling, Soft sensors, Focusing, Bitcoin. Abstract: The effect of sentiment from news sources on cryptocurrency prices has garnered significant interest from the financial community including researchers. However, current findings reporting the usefulness of sentiment features in cryptocurrency price prediction is still mixed. This paper aims to explore various feature combinations encompassing cryptocurrency historical prices and sentiment scores of the current day aggregated from English and Malay news sources to predict the closing price of the next day. Each news headline related to Bitcoin and Ethereum within the duration of one year is first manually annotated and then aggregated on a daily basis to generate the sentiment features. A Bi-GRU deep learning model is implemented to predict the cryptocurrency closing price of the next day given a combination of historical price and sentiment features of the current day. Our findings evidently show sentiment features when combined with the closing price of the current day contribute significantly to improve the model's performance. Our study is also the first attempt to examine the effect of Malay news sentiment on cryptocurrency prices and we have demonstrated that cryptocurrency price prediction models leveraging Malay news sentiment features for Bitcoin and Ethereum are able to yield performance that is at par with models using English news sentiment features.
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708 |
Please write an abstract with title: A comparison by simulation and by measurement of the substrate noise generated by CMOS, CSL, and CBL digital circuits, and key words: Circuit simulation, Noise measurement, Circuit noise, Noise generators, CMOS digital integrated circuits, Digital circuits, Noise reduction, CMOS logic circuits, Logic circuits, Inductance. Abstract: Current-steering logic (CSL) and current-balanced logic (CBL) are logic families that have been proposed with the objective of reducing the substrate noise in mixed-signal integrated circuits. These two families are compared here with conventional CMOS by simulation, using a substrate model extracted from the layouts, and also by measurements on a test chip. With small, low-power cells, noise reduction of CSL and CBL with respect to CMOS is only marginal; the same result is obtained with large, high-power (buffer) cells, if the supply wire inductance is very low. For large cells with typical wire bonding supply inductance (of the order of 10 nH), CBL cells provide significant noise reduction and are more effective than CSL cells; these become even noisier than CMOS cells for large inductance values. The results here, considering the real substrate noise, are more reliable than previous evaluations considering only the amplitude of the supply current spikes.
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709 |
Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Equivalent Circuit for Modeling Heat Transfer Process in a Thermoelectric System, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Solid modeling, Analytical models, Metals, Thermal analysis, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: In this paper a heat transfer model based on the theory of electrical and thermal circuits is proposed for steady-state and transient analysis of the thermoelectric system. In the process studied, a Peltier device tries to maintain a larger metal surface at a desired temperature condition. The Peltier cell is implemented with discrete, thermal and electrical components, calculated according to the specifications in the manufacturer's datasheet. Heat transfer by conduction and convection through the metal plate is modelled by a distributed thermal circuit. The distributed element model of the thermal circuit facilitates connection with the Peltier devices and other thermal components situated at different positions on its surface. In this work, the methodology for building the model and examples of simulations shows how the different operating conditions can be modeled intuitively and their thermoelectric parameters measured directly.
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710 |
Please write an abstract with title: A distributed vulnerability detection system for an intranet, and key words: System testing, Automatic testing, Data security, Intrusion detection, Power system security, Automatic control, Proposals, Computer science, Computer security, Joining processes. Abstract: Security must be an integral element of any network. An organization's network is the basic environment connecting all users, servers and applications. Internal network security has to ensure that the corporate network is secure; therefore it includes tracking physical, endpoint and application security issues. Security testing is a crucial instrument to control network security, but there exists a need for an automated security system which helps security analysts and testers. This paper reviews the main topics related to vulnerability assessment in intranets and proposes a new distributed system to analyze security capability and vulnerability detection in intranets. The system design and implementation is also presented. This proposal is based on the open source security testing methodology manual and it is part of a wider system for automating vulnerability detection called Consensus.
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711 |
Please write an abstract with title: TransMatch: A Transfer-Learning Scheme for Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Learning, and key words: Feature extraction, Training, Task analysis, Semisupervised learning, Data models, Entropy, Data mining. Abstract: The successful application of deep learning to many visual recognition tasks relies heavily on the availability of a large amount of labeled data which is usually expensive to obtain. The few-shot learning problem has attracted increasing attention from researchers for building a robust model upon only a few labeled samples. Most existing works tackle this problem under the meta-learning framework by mimicking the few-shot learning task with an episodic training strategy. In this paper, we propose a new transfer-learning framework for semi-supervised few-shot learning to fully utilize the auxiliary information from labeled base-class data and unlabeled novel-class data. The framework consists of three components: 1) pre-training a feature extractor on base-class data; 2) using the feature extractor to initialize the classifier weights for the novel classes; and 3) further updating the model with a semi-supervised learning method. Under the proposed framework, we develop a novel method for semi-supervised few-shot learning called TransMatch by instantiating the three components with imprinting and MixMatch. Extensive experiments on two popular benchmark datasets for few-shot learning, CUB-200-2011 and miniImageNet, demonstrate that our proposed method can effectively utilize the auxiliary information from labeled base-class data and unlabeled novel-class data to significantly improve the accuracy of few-shot learning task, and achieve new state-of-the-art results.
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712 |
Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Nutrient Deficiency in Rice Plants Based on Leaf Image, and key words: Image segmentation, Histograms, Mechatronics, Image recognition, Shape, Image color analysis, Vector quantization. Abstract: In 2019 the yield of rice production experienced a considerable decline, one of which was caused by weather factors that resulted in drought on the land, so that the absorption of nutrients given to rice plants was not optimal. Seeing developments in the field of image technology, researchers used image processing and computer vision to determine the availability of nutrients contained in the image of rice leaves, by applying the feature extraction method. Feature extraction produces six feature values which are then used for detection using the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) method. The detection in this final project can recognize the image of rice plants lacking in nutrients N, P, and K which has an accuracy of 87.5
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713 |
Please write an abstract with title: Near Infrared-Triggered On-Demand Adeno-Associated Virus Release From Hydrogel Microbeads For Gene Therapy, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Radiation effects, Transducers, Conferences, Infrared heating, Calcium, Control systems. Abstract: This paper describes near infrared (NIR)-triggered on-demand adeno-associated virus (AAV) release from alginate hydrogel microbeads with heat transducer for gene therapy. As an AAV carrier, calcium alginate (Ca-Alg.) hydrogel microbeads were fabricated by injecting mixed pre-gel solution composed of sodium-alginate (Na-Alg.), AAV, and Fe3O4 particles (FPs: heat transducer) to CaCl2 solution to form ionically cross-linked instantly with a centrifuge-based microdroplet shooting device. The FPs generate heat due to localized surface plasmon resonance under NIR. By irradiating NIR to the microbeads, we confirmed the release of AAV and the gene transfection to HeLa cells. Our proposed NIR-triggered AAV release system would be an effective and safe controlled release system for gene therapy.
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714 |
Please write an abstract with title: Application of model order reduction techniques to compact FDFD method for guided wave structures, and key words: Finite difference methods, Equations, Digital integrated circuits, Computational efficiency, Electromagnetic propagation, Magnetic fields, Application software, Radio frequency, Microwave circuits, Signal analysis. Abstract: A compact FDFD method in conjuncture with model order reduction (MOR) techniques has been investigated for guided wave structures. The results of this study show that these MOR techniques can further improve the computational efficiency of the compact FDFD method. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy of these techniques.
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715 |
Please write an abstract with title: An agent based autonomic semantic platform, and key words: Distributed computing, Semantic Web, Information technology, Web and internet services, Humans, Convergence, Monitoring, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor systems, Web services. Abstract: In 2001, two distinct revolutionary approaches to distributed system integration and Web content diffusion were proposed: autonomic computing and the semantic Web. These approaches are currently two of the most active research fields in the information technology area. After three years, many common themes came out: while autonomic computing research is focused on providing ways to define "self-surviving" systems, the semantic Web struggles to define Web content semantics producing complex and distributed services on the Internet. In a sense, the first area approaches systems defining the "internal, operational knowledge", while the second defines the knowledge about the environment into which software entities and humans should cohabit. This paper lies in the convergence of the two approaches and proposes an agent-based system able to semantically characterize and search a set of Web resources, and to maintain and update its knowledge base by means of monitoring sensors and interaction with external Web services. First experimental results confirm the validity of the combined approach in terms of search recall, thanks to autonomous update of covered topics.
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716 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Study of the Effect of Beam-Beam Interactions on CESR Optics, and key words: Optical distortion, Positrons, Lattices, Electron beams, Orbits, Apertures, Electron optics, Nonlinear optics, Storage rings, Orbital calculations. Abstract: The CESR storage ring facility has begun operation in an energy region which allows high-statistics investigation of charm-quark bound states. Experience during the first two years has shown that the effects of parasitic crossings in the pretzel orbits present an important factor in injection efficiency, in the beam lifetime and in the stored current limits. We compare the results of beam dynamics and tracking calculations which quantify the effects of these parasitic crossings on optics and dynamic aperture for the injected and stored trajectories to observations of beam behavior.
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717 |
Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Bat Algorithm for improved Clustering of Convolutional Neural Network Data, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Computers, Metaheuristics, Clustering algorithms, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Data mining. Abstract: This article is expanded the technique for clustering the images from Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Bat Algorithm (BA). Varian images extract the features from CNN for identifying each image data. BA categorize those image data for improved clustering, assist with fuzzy logic systems. Computational result are comparative experiment results between CNN and Fuzzy BA, mean squared error and root mean squared error respectively.
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718 |
Please write an abstract with title: Contextual Bandits With Hidden Features to Online Recommendation via Sparse Interactions, and key words: Recommender systems, Intelligent systems, Mathematical model, Time series analysis, Context modeling, Estimation, Data models. Abstract: Online recommendation is an important feature in many applications. In practice, the interaction between the users and the recommender system might be sparse, i.e., the users are not always interacting with the recommender system. For example, some users prefer to sweep around the recommendation instead of clicking into the details. Therefore, a response of zero may not necessarily be a negative response, but a nonresponse. It comes worse to distinguish these two situations when only one item is recommended to the user each time and few further information is reachable. Most existing recommendation strategies ignore the difference between nonresponses and negative responses. In this article, we propose a novel approach to make online recommendations via sparse interactions. We design a contextual bandit algorithm, named hSAOR, for online recommendation. Our method makes probabilistic estimations on whether the user is interacting or not, by reasonably assuming that similar items are similarly attractive. It uses positive and negative responses to build the user preference model, ignoring all nonresponses. Theoretical analyses and experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness.
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719 |
Please write an abstract with title: A model for microwave intensity propagation in an inhomogeneous medium, and key words: Microwave propagation, Scattering parameters, Maxwell equations, Approximation methods, Microwave theory and techniques, Fluctuations, Refractive index, Permittivity, Temperature, Propagation losses. Abstract: A combined analytic and phenomenological approach, utilizing Maxwell's equations in the Born approximation with radiative transfer theory, is used to describe the propagation of microwave intensity in a scattering medium characterized by three-dimensional random fluctuations in refractive index, as well as nonrandom variations in permittivity, temperature, and loss. This approach yields microwave intensities as a function of polarization, direction, and position. Numerical techniques are presented to solve the transport equations, which include cases of spatially varying coefficients, and highly peaked phase functions. Some computed results illustrating the behavior of microwave intensity in various media are presented. Included are the angular and frequency spectra of thermal emission from semi-infinite media, and the diffuse transmission and reflection response of a scattering layer. The effects of scatterer geometry and scale sizes; correlation function; and gradients in temperature, loss, and scattering parameters are also demonstrated. This model should be particularly useful in interpreting active and passive remote sensing data.
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720 |
Please write an abstract with title: Broadband acoustic reflectivity and its application to the characterisation of materials, and key words: Acoustic reflection, Acoustic materials, Frequency, Acoustic scattering, Building materials, Underwater acoustics, Acoustic imaging, Sonar, Composite materials, Resonance. Abstract: Underwater acoustic imaging and classification sonars are being progressively extended into broadband and interest is shifting to higher frequencies for use in shallow waters with particular emphasis on object classification for mine counter-measures. These shifts raise the opportunity to use the frequency-dependent scattering properties of different materials to characterise target composition. Many mechanisms may play a role in the total backscattered signal, including specular reflections, scattering from surface irregularities and multiple resonances (often modified by internal structures). These contain a great deal of unexploited information that can tell us a lot about the nature of the object. The acoustic backscattering properties of an object depend to a large extent on the materials used on the object surface and on its structure, yet little is documented about the broadband reflective properties of common marine materials such as rubber foams, Aluminium, Steel, etc., in open literature. We explore the reflective properties of these materials over a range of frequencies and incident angles through direct measurement via ensonification by a broadband source in an acoustic tank. An experimental set up is described that can record the reflected energy over a several discrete angles simultaneously. Compact source pulses are used to permit multiple reflections from tank walls and the free surface to be separated out.
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721 |
Please write an abstract with title: Engineering a Functional and Affordable 3D Printed Prosthetic Hand, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Conferences, Sociology, Software, Statistics, Prosthetic hand, Diseases. Abstract: Humans can lose limbs through disease, infection, or injury-although, obtaining a prosthesis allows affected individuals to lead normal lives. However, prostheses are expensive and, thus, out of reach for many families. This project aims to engineer a functional 3D printed prosthetic hand that the general population can afford. The design was constructed and simulated in computer-aided-design (CAD) software. After determining that the proposed design satisfied the criteria, further studies were conducted to determine a material and part composition that would yield a high degree of functionality and durability while maintaining an affordable price.
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722 |
Please write an abstract with title: On mismatch in the deep sub-micron era-from physics to circuits, and key words: Physics, Circuit simulation, Bridge circuits, Computational modeling, Computer science, Buildings, Manufacturing industries, Packaging, Gaussian distribution, Circuit synthesis. Abstract: The rapid decrease in feature sizes has increasingly accentuated the importance of matching between transistors. Deep submicron designs will further emphasize the need to focus on the effects of mismatch. Furthermore, increased efforts on high level analog device modeling will necessitate accompanying mismatch simulation and measurement methods. The deep submicron era forces circuit designers to learn more about the physics and the technology of transistors. We introduce a method and assist circuit designers in including this method in their traditional design flow of circuits. By proposing a solution to the problem of building a modeling bridge between transistor mismatch and circuit response to it, we hope to enable designers to incorporate low level mismatch information in their higher level design.
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723 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Doppler Frequency of Moving Object by FDTD, and key words: Finite difference methods, Doppler effect, Time-domain analysis, Electromagnetic scattering, Time-frequency analysis, Time series analysis. Abstract: The Doppler frequency of a moving objects is obtained using FFT with time series of RCS calculated by FDTD. Doppler frequency result by FDTD agrees with the theoretical one very well. The feasibility of calculating moving object RCS by FDTD ensures application of FDTD method to new branches.
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724 |
Please write an abstract with title: Wide range center wavelength trimming of vertically coupled microring resonator filter by direct UV irradiation to SiN ring core, and key words: Resonator filters, Silicon compounds, Refractive index, Optical filters, Wavelength measurement, Optical films, Plasma measurements, Optical resonators, Aging, Optical ring resonators. Abstract: We developed a precise and wide range ultraviolet (UV) trimming of the center wavelength of vertically coupled microring resonator, by using the direct UV irradiation to the SiN ring core. We discovered that the UV-induced refractive index change of SiN was -1.3/spl times/10/sup -2/ and there was no aging of refractive index after the UV irradiation. Utilizing this phenomenon, -12.1 nm of center wavelength shift was demonstrated without the aging effect for 1200 h.
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725 |
Please write an abstract with title: Team Deep Reading Model Supported by Social Annotation Tools, and key words: Computer science, Annotations, Education, Buildings, Collaboration, Market research, Internet. Abstract: Team deep reading is an inevitable trend of reading development. Social annotation tools can support team deep reading appropriately. However, the current research on how social annotation tools support team reading is relatively insufficient. Therefore, based on the dual-processing theory of text reading and team learning theory, this research constructs a team deep reading model supported by social annotation tools. This model consists of four parts from bottom to top: base, pillar, support and beam. The base symbolizes the preconditions, consisting of deep reading materials and focus problems. The pillar consists of fragment reading, joint reading, collaborative reading and continuous reading, which are the four stages of team deep reading experience. The Beam expresses evaluation, including a variety of evaluation methods and multiple evaluation subjects. The support means the social annotation tools, which can support the pillar and beam. Finally, six suggestions are proposed for the application of this model to enhance teacher's practice.
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726 |
Please write an abstract with title: Pedagogical Innovation Projects at Técnico, and key words: Technological innovation, Analytical models, Collaboration, Reflection, Engineering education. Abstract: Recent technological developments and rapid social changes have brought new challenges to engineering education in the 21st century. To better prepare young engineers to be able to anticipate, take part and respond to the future challenges of our society, Instituto Superior Técnico launched a process of analysis and reflection on its teaching model and pedagogical practices. The Pedagogical Innovation Projects (PIP) emerged in this context and are intended to support teachers in the development of new formats and innovative teaching methods, encouraging the inclusion of new technologies and skills in curricular units, which play increasingly large roles in the world of work, such as collaborative project work and digital technologies.
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727 |
Please write an abstract with title: Smart card for smart campus: KFUPM case study, and key words: Smart cards, Computer aided software engineering, Strips, Data security, Protection, History, Forgery, Costs, Petroleum, Minerals. Abstract: Smart card is the latest addition in the world of information technology. The vision of the smart card program is to provide access to services that is secure, fast, friendly, easy to use, flexible, personal, and is accessible by the users from any place at any time. A smart card is of the size of a conventional credit card with an embedded computer chip that stores and transacts data between users and devices. This data is associated with either value or information or both and is stored and processed within the chip of the card. The card data is transacted via a card reader attached to a computing system as a peripheral device. Smart cards are extensively used through several key applications like education, healthcare, banking, entertainment, and transportation.
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728 |
Please write an abstract with title: Array processing without any space diversity: application in the HF band (3-30 MHz), and key words: Array signal processing, Receiving antennas, Frequency, Bandwidth, Antennas and propagation, Electromagnetic wave polarization, Antenna accessories, Sensor arrays, Interference, Testing. Abstract: The paper presents an operational system of digital transmission within the HF frequency range, aiming at a significant increase of the data transfer rate compared with the current standard. Therefore, an array processing method performs with a set of four collocated sensors, the spatial responses of which are different one from each other. This diversity induces a well-conditioned problem of spatio-temporal equalization which tends to reduce the effect of multipath interference. The implemented method resorts to a classical LMS algorithm involving training sequences. Several waveforms have been tested and the experimental results reach the expected goal as the data transfer rate increases up to 15 kbits/s in a bandwidth of 3 kHz.
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729 |
Please write an abstract with title: Erase and write widths for narrow track high-density flexible storage media applications, and key words: Magnetic heads, Azimuth, Displacement measurement, Magnetic sensors, Particle tracking, Writing, Costs, Servomechanisms, Magnetic recording, Fabrication. Abstract: A detailed study of the magnetic widths of data tracks recorded in metal particle media is reported. These widths are important in determining the track density of future flexible media storage systems. The tracks were written using a novel inverted write head that offers excellent pole width tolerance control. The widths of both the written track and erase zone were studied as functions of both write current and write head dimension. It was found that the erased track widths written with both the wide and narrow poles were very similar and increased with increasing write current. However in the case of writing with the wide pole, the written track widths increased with write current whereas those written with the narrow pole did not. This was interpreted as resulting from a curved fringing field whose width increases with write current. Variation of the throat height was not found to significantly affect the width of tracks written with either pole.
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730 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Design of Cophase Center for Orthogonal Polarization Signal Simulation System, and key words: Electromagnetics, Antenna radiation patterns, Broadband antennas, Photonics, Dipole antennas, Training. Abstract: The electromagnetic environment of modern information battlefield is becoming more and more complex, more and more attention has been paid to the complex electromagnetic environmental adaptability test of weapons and equipment. At present, signal simulation system is mainly used to constitute complex electromagnetic environment. Therefore, the system has increasing requirement of orthogonal polarization, making the antenna higher requirement of broadband and orthogonal polarization. A dual-polarization antenna with cophase center is presented in this paper. By using this antenna, the orthogonal polarization signal simulation system with common phase center can be realized. The antenna operates between 700 and 2700 MHz for VSWR less than 2. This antenna consists of dual frequency-independent antennas of log periodic antenna (LPDA) with orthogonal staggered structure for radiating vertical polarized (VP) and horizontal polarized (HP) waves both. In addition, the two orthogonal linear polarized waves can combine circularly polarized (CP) wave when feeding by 3dB hybrid providing two orthogonal phases.
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731 |
Please write an abstract with title: Eliminating the spot dilution due to kicker switching in DARHT-II, and key words: Gaussian processes, Particle beams, Radiography, Testing, Hardware, Contracts, Magnetic fields, Optical coupling, Solenoids, Switching converters. Abstract: To produce four short X-ray pulses for radiography, the second-axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility (DARHT-II) will use a fast kicker to select current pulses out of the 2-/spl mu/s duration beam provided by the accelerator. Beam motion during the kicker voltage switching could lead to dilution of the time integrated beam spot and make the spot elliptical. A large elliptical X-ray source produced by those beams would degrade the resolution and make radiographic analysis difficult. We have developed a tuning strategy to eliminate the spot size dilution, and tested the strategy successfully on ETA-II with the DARHT-II kicker hardware.
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732 |
Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of SREMP in the Laser ICF Facility, and key words: Solid modeling, Electronic equipment, Surface waves, Inertial confinement, Surface emitting lasers, X-ray lasers, Ignition. Abstract: The SREMP generated by pulsed X-ray radiations in the target room of the laser ICF facility has been calculated by a three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation code 3DSREMP. On the central axis of the electron emitting surface, the electric fields are 478 V/m at 5 m from the wall of the target chamber, while the maximum value is 1161 V/m.
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733 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Parameter Estimation Model of Big Data Setup Based on Sampling Technique, and key words: Big Data, Prediction Model, Sampling Technique, Parameter Estimation, Internet of Things. Abstract: At the present time, we can see around us everywhere big data is available like health sectors, insurance, share market, government organizations, social networking. Basically, big data refers to a huge amount of datasets and that dataset can be stored in the form of structured or unstructured format. Those datasets are producing in every second via a wide range of sources such as Facebook and Twitter. The big data has a basic three pillars- Volume (size), Variety (types) and Velocity (speed). Big data is a prediction platform where lots of dataset are available in the form of raw material, so we need an appropriate technique to process it and predict some valuable information for the present as well as future use. The sampling techniques are applicable to handle large datasets where all data sets are not possible to process at a time. In this situation, the sampling techniques play a very important role in the processing of big huge data. In this paper, we have proposed a parameter estimation model for big data to predict the mean size of large data by using the sampling technique. The proposed model can reduce the processing time as compare to the existing model because the sampling mechanism is to select small sample (n) from the entire datasets (N) and estimate the unknown parameters which are known as prediction results. Furthermore, we have presented the demonstration of the proposed algorithm on dynamic dataset and also compared result with simple random sampling (SRS) technique.
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734 |
Please write an abstract with title: TI-REX: A Tunable Infrared laser for Experiments in nanolithography, and key words: Shape, Ultraviolet sources, Power lasers, Laser stability, Tools, Predictive models, Solid lasers. Abstract: In a world where miniaturization leads technology advancement, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light is becoming the tool for leading companies to increase the number of transistors on a chip. EUV light is generated via laser-produced plasma (LPP), that is currently driven by 10.6 µ m CO 2 lasers, due to their high demonstrated conversion efficiency (CE) from laser power to EUV. In terms of laser technology, solid-state lasers based on Nd:YAG, operating around 1 µm wavelength have significant advantages in terms of efficiency, stability and control over temporal pulse shape and contrast. However, so far they provide lower CE than CO 2 lasers [1] , even though advanced pulse temporal shaping seems advantageous in this regard. A promising avenue is the investigation of the intermediate wavelength regime: first data for 2 µ m lasers already indicates a CE improvement compared to 1 µm [2] , and simulations predict even better performances for wavelengths between 2 and 10 µ m .
|
735 |
Please write an abstract with title: Cross-Granularity Attention Network for Semantic Segmentation, and key words: Semantics, Feature extraction, Decoding, Convolution, Data mining, Task analysis, Labeling. Abstract: Despite the remarkable progress of semantic segmentation in recent years, much remains to be addressed in order to achieve better semantic coherence and boundary delineation. In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for semantic segmentation which explicitly addresses these two issues. Specifically, we propose a categorical attention mechanism to propagate consistent category-oriented information across multi-granularity contextual interpretations to close the semantic gap residing in CNN feature hierarchy. This novel design alleviates the semantic information loss during the feature combination and transformation process in decoder network. We further integrate a contour branch in our architecture to enhance the boundary awareness of the semantic feature derived in the form of a novel element-wise contour attention at each level of feature hierarchy. Additionally, we introduce a cross-granularity contour enhancement mechanism to propagate rich boundary cues from early layers to deep layers. We perform extensive quantitative evaluations in close proximity to object boundaries which confirms its superior effectiveness in boundary delineation. These novel mechanisms which boost the essentials in segmentation, i.e., region-wise semantic coherence and accurate object contour localization, allow our architecture "MeshNet" to obtain state-of-the-art performance on two challenging datasets, i.e., PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscapes.
|
736 |
Please write an abstract with title: Point-based probabilistic surfaces to show surface uncertainty, and key words: Uncertainty, Surface contamination, Neoplasms, Data visualization, Application software, Displays, Pollution measurement, Crystallography, Computer Society, Oil pollution. Abstract: Efficient and informative visualization of surfaces with uncertainties is an important topic with many applications in science and engineering. In these applications, the correct course of action may depend not only on the location of a boundary, but on the precision with which that location is known. Examples include environmental pollution borderline detection, oil basin edge characterization, or discrimination between cancerous and healthy tissue in medicine. We present a method for producing visualizations of surfaces with uncertainties using points as display primitives. Our approach is to render the surface as a collection of points and to displace each point from its original location along the surface normal by an amount proportional to the uncertainty at that point. This approach can be used in combination with other techniques such as pseudocoloring to produce efficient and revealing visualizations. The basic approach is sufficiently flexible to allow natural extensions; we show incorporation of expressive modulation of opacity, change of the stroke primitive, and addition of an underlying polygonal model. The method is used to visualize real and simulated tumor formations with uncertainty of tumor boundaries. The point-based technique is compared to pseudocoloring for a position estimation task in a preliminary user study.
|
737 |
Please write an abstract with title: An unsupervised probabilistic net for health inequalities analysis, and key words: Probability density function, Data mining, Humans, Delay, Protection, Statistical analysis, Cardiac disease, Computer science, Physics, Measurement units. Abstract: An unsupervised probabilistic net (UPN) is introduced to identify health inequalities among countries according to their health status measured by the collected health indicators. By estimating the underlying probability density function of the health indicators using UPN, countries, which have similar health status, will be categorized into the same cluster. From this, the intercluster health inequalities are identified by the Mahalanobis distance, and the intracluster health inequalities are identified by the diversity within the clusters. To extract the typical health status, the concept of virtual objects is used in this study. Each virtual object in this study, therefore, represents a hypothetical country, which does not exist in a data set but can be found through learning. The identified virtual objects represent the hidden knowledge in a data set and can be valuable to social scientists in health promotion planning. Moreover, the investigation of the behavior of the virtual objects can help us to find the realistic and reasonable health promotion target for a country with a poor health status.
|
738 |
Please write an abstract with title: Improved Piezoelectric MEMS Acoustic Emission Sensors, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Electrodes, Actuators, Sensitivity, Transducers, Acoustic emission, Sensors. Abstract: This paper describes two innovative methods for improving the sensitivity of piezoelectric MEMS acoustic emission (AE) sensors. By optimizing the top electrode dimensions and adding a dummy structure to it, the peak sensitivity of the fabricated MEMS AE sensors at resonance can be improved to 148 V/m/s, which is about 10-fold greater than that of sensors with a full-size top electrode. Standard pencil-lead break (PLB) tests are conducted to verify the detection capability of AE waves. As a result, the fabricated single-type piezoelectric MEMS AE sensor, which has a peak sensitivity of 45 V/m/s, is shown to have the same level of detection sensitivity as a commercial bulk piezoelectric AE sensor.
|
739 |
Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Hybrid Energy Resource Connected Demand Side Load Management System-Case of Pakistan, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Supply and demand, Energy resources, Urban areas, Programmable logic devices, Energy conservation, Load shedding. Abstract: Pakistan's power system is currently facing serious energy crisis issues as the supply of electric power is not increasing at the pace of its demand. Although conventional power system is experiencing a notable transition from the centralized supply-side energy management system to decentralized generation and demand-side load management system certainly due to the integration of hybrid energy systems to the local grids yet the shortfall in supply and energy demand gap resulted into large scale electric load-shading problem in all cities of Pakistan from last few years. This paper discusses a real-time load management system integrated with a hybrid energy system as a source i.e. grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system, stand-alone PV system, wind-turbine, local grid and aims to have a customer control overload appliances in peak and off-peak hours, update them for hourly units consumption and also shed the unnecessary loads according to user-set priority and demand. The hybrid energy system and load end is interconnected to the programmable logic controller (PLC) and are also controlled by using PLC. According to the specified site and load demand discussed in the paper, it has been found that by implementing the proposed load management system approach average of 82 units of electricity can be saved in peak hours, and similarly the average amount of 4.875 Rs/KWh can also be saved for specified time dictating that proposed smart strategy can prove to be fruitful to combat electric load problem on large scale in Pakistan in future.
|
740 |
Please write an abstract with title: Hardware Project Development using Scrum in the Interactive Technologies Degree, and key words: Training, Technological innovation, Companies, Hardware, Communications technology, Consumer electronics, Creativity. Abstract: Learning electronics in the fourth-wave industrial age requires an extra effort to motivate students. They often feel frustrated so they do not spend enough time to acquire in depth-knowledge. To enhance student's motivation and engagement, instructional methods of teaching and learning are being tested in some Universities [1]. Among these methods, project based learning (PBL) has proven to be useful to overcome frustration and improve student engagement. This methodology is even more successful if it is implemented using an agile approach, like Scrum. This paper describes a new way to teach electronics based on the use of PBL and Scrum and presents results of its application regarding to the acquisition level of some competences.
|
741 |
Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Reactive Power Sharing for Microgrid Using Distributed Adaptive Virtual Impedance, and key words: Inverters, Reactive power, Impedance, Microgrids, Voltage control, Inductance, Adaptive systems. Abstract: Distributed generators (DGs) are usually dispersed along with the microgrids, which may spread out in a wide area, the impedances of transmission lines between every two DGs may be different. Therefore, uneven distribution of reactive power among parallel DG inverters with fixed virtual impedance would be induced eventually, which not only results in decreased system efficiency, but also makes some DGs impossible to operate under their rated power conditions. To address this issue, a distributed adaptive virtual impedance control method, which depends on the reactive power deviation related to their capacity between previous DG inverter and current DG inverter and needs low-bandwidth wireless communication network, for the DG inverters is proposed. With the help of the proposed method, accurate reactive power sharing among DGs under various operating conditions can be obtained regardless of the changes of microgrid structure or the load condition. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy can be implemented directly without any knowledge of the detailed microgrid configuration or the required load power measurement, which decreases the complexity and cost of the system. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed method is finally verified via simulations.
|
742 |
Please write an abstract with title: Introduction of the Double Image Contrast Ratio (DICR) for P-Polarized Head-up Displays, and key words: Reflectivity, Visualization, Optical polarization, Sensitivity, Optical variables measurement, Optical imaging, Optical reflection. Abstract: All state-of-the-art Head-up Displays (HUD) operate with s-polarized light, resulting in poor visibility when wearing polarized sunglasses. The p-polarized HUD system is a solution to this problem, as an additional optical layer within the windshield reflects p-polarized light, making the virtual image visible with polarized sunglasses. However, p-polarized HUDs may cause an unwanted double image, too. To save costs, a double image compensation by use of a wedge-angled film is not an option. As the double image causes discomfort to the driver, this major image defect has to be controlled. Therefore, the determination of a new quality score, the Double Image Contrast Ratio (DICR), is essential. Hence, we determine the DICR in a study (N=46), by evaluating the visual discomfort level for drivers, resulting in a minimum DICR of 90. Reaching this DICR is key to enhance user experience and safety during all driving conditions.
|
743 |
Please write an abstract with title: DeepSafe: A Hybrid Kitchen Safety Guarding System with Stove Fire Recognition Based on the Internet of Things, and key words: Deep learning, Vibrations, Conferences, Sensor systems, Real-time systems, Sensors, Safety. Abstract: This paper designs and implements a deep learning based hybrid kitchen safety guarding system, called DeepSafe, using embedded devices and onboard sensors to detect abnormal events and block gas sources in time through the Internet of Things (IoT). In the sensing mode, the DeepSafe system can prevent the kitchen from fire/explosion disasters by detecting gas concentration, recognizing fire intensity, and estimating vibration levels. In the control mode, the DeepSafe system can automatically block the gas source as detecting an abnormal event, remotely monitor the kitchen status via real-time streaming videos, and manually turn off the gas source using a smartphone as necessary. To accurately recognize the intensity of stove fire and detect abnormal fire intensity, deep learning based fire recognition methods using conventional and densely connected convolutional neural networks are developed to further improve the recognition accuracy of DeepSafe. In particular, the prototype consisting of an Android based APP and a Raspberry Pi based IoT device with the gas detector, image sensor, and 3-axis accelermeter are implemented to verify the feasibility and correctness of our DeepSafe system.
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744 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Experimental Validation of the Polynomial Curvature Model: Identification and Optimal Control of a Soft Underwater Tentacle, and key words: Computational modeling, Robots, Strain, Kinematics, System identification, Soft robotics, Analytical models. Abstract: The control possibilities for soft robots have long been hindered by the lack of accurate yet computationally treatable dynamic models of soft structures. Polynomial curvature models propose a solution to this quest for continuum slender structures. Nevertheless, the results produced with this class of models have been so far essentially theoretical. With the present work, we aim to provide a much-needed experimental validation to these recent theories. To this end, we focus on soft tentacles immersed in water. First, we propose an extension of the affine curvature model to underwater structures, considering the drag forces arising from the fluid-solid interaction. Then, we extensively test the model's capability to describe the system behavior across several shapes and working conditions. Finally, we validate model-based control policies, proposing and solving an optimal control problem for directional underwater swimming. Using the model we show an average increase of more than 3.5 times the swimming speed of a sinusoidal baseline controller, with some tentacles showing an improvement in excess of 5.5 times the baseline.
|
745 |
Please write an abstract with title: IIS: Intelligent Identification Scheme of Massive IoT Devices, and key words: Performance evaluation, Manufacturing processes, Scalability, Computer architecture, Network security, Software, Robustness. Abstract: Device identification is of great importance in system management and network security. Especially, it is the priority in industrial internet of things (IIoT) scenario. Since there are massive devices producing various kinds of information in manufacturing process, the robustness, reliability, security and real-time control of the whole system is based on the identification of the massive IIoT devices. Previous IIoT device identification solutions are mostly based on a centralized architecture, which brings a lot of problems in scalability and security. In addition, most traditional identification systems can only identify inherent types of devices which is not suitable for the adaptive device management in IIoT. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a Intelligent Identification Scheme(IIS) of Massive IoT Devices, a completely distributed intelligent identification scheme of massive IIoT devices. The scheme changes the traditional centralized architecture and realizes more efficient clustering identification of massive IIoT devices. Moreover, IIS can identify more and more types of devices intelligently with the continuous learning ability since the identification model is constantly updated according to the ledger which is maintained by all gateways collaboratively. We also conduct experiments to evaluate the performance of IIS based on the data obtained from real IIoT devices, which proves that IIS is efficient in device identification and intelligent for the adaptive device management in IIoT.
|
746 |
Please write an abstract with title: Microgrid Design and Control of a Hybrid Building Complex, and key words: Economics, Cogeneration, Buildings, Microgrids, Reliability theory, Turbines, Resilience. Abstract: Microgrids are a promising alternative to the traditional distribution systems due to their highly desirable features, such as, reliability, resiliency, and efficiency. This paper covers the design, simulation, and economic analysis of a theoretically designed modern, mixed-use commercial and residential building on a feeder in Charleston, SC, USA. The designed system is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC. The system combines a natural gas CHP turbine and generator block set, solar photovoltaics (PV), and a battery energy storage system (BESS). It is planned to provide power through a DC lighting bus and an AC to several different commercial load profiles as well as 40 apartments of varying sizes. Additionally, a comprehensive economic analysis is completed with available or estimated pricing to prove the feasibility of such a project.
|
747 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Knowledge Transfer Mechanism Based on Population Distribution Information for Multifactorial Differential Evolution, and key words: Handheld computers, Sociology, Benchmark testing, Multitasking, Data mining, Statistics, Task analysis. Abstract: Evolutionary multi-task optimization (EMTO) is a novel optimization paradigm that improves the performance of each task by transferring valuable knowledge across related tasks. At present, a significant challenge and research direction in EMTO is to select useful knowledge to reduce the negative transfer phenomenon. In most EMTO algorithms, however, population distribution information of different tasks has not been effectively used in designing the mechanism for transferring useful knowledge. Based on this consideration, we propose a novel knowledge transfer mechanism based on population distribution information to alleviate the problem of negative transfer. Further, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism, an improved multifactorial differential evolution (MFDE) with this mechanism is presented, leading to a new EMTO variant, termed PDI-MDE. The experimental results on a suite of single-objective multitasking benchmark problems have demonstrated the competitive performance of PDI-MDE.
|
748 |
Please write an abstract with title: Reconfigurable direct space-to-time pulse-shaper based on arrayed waveguide grating multiplexers and digital micromirrors, and key words: Arrayed waveguide gratings, Multiplexing, Micromirrors, Optical waveguides, Optical pulse shaping, Ultrafast optics, Optical modulation, Optical pulses, Acoustic pulses, Pulse shaping methods. Abstract: We describe a dynamic direct space-to-time pulse shaper based on the combination of a reflective arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer and an array of digital micromirrors used as an external reflector. Spatial modulation was obtained by imposing a reconfigurable periodic structure on the digital micromirror array. The period of this structure and the number of reflecting micromirrors within each period was varied to produce pulse sequences with variable repetition rates within the burst and different pulsewidths. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with simulated temporal output response.
|
749 |
Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Incremental Passivity and Output Tracking Control for Switched Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Switches, Nonlinear systems, Silicon, Trajectory, Switched systems, Lyapunov methods. Abstract: This paper studies the finite-time incremental passivity of switched nonlinear systems. Then, the established theory is applied to solve the finite-time output tracking control problem of switched nonlinear systems. First, finite-time incremental passivity is firstly defined for switched nonlinear systems. Each subsystem is finite-time incrementally passive during its active time interval. Unlike incremental passivity, the state trajectories of finite-time incrementally passive system with no external supplied energy can converge to each other in finite time. Second, the criterion of finite-time incremental passivity is established. Third, finite-time incremental passivity is shown to be preserved under the feedback interconnection. A composite switching law design method is provided. Under this switching law, the interconnected switched systems can switch asynchronously. Finally, the finite-time output tracking control problem was solved by the established finite-time incremental passivity theory of the switched nonlinear systems, even if the finite-time output tracking control of individual subsytem is not solvable. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an example.
|
750 |
Please write an abstract with title: Surface Structure Design of High Speed Heavy Duty Brake Disc Based on Topography Optimization, and key words: Surface reconstruction, Surface structures, Surface topography, Brakes, Mathematical model, Optimization, Surface treatment. Abstract: During the braking process of high-speed and heavy-duty brake discs, the surface of the brake disc will produce a certain displacement and stress. The purpose of improving the braking effect can be achieved by reducing the surface structure flexibility and increasing the surface heat dissipation speed. In this paper, through the static analysis of the brake disc under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, the brake disc displacement cloud map and stress cloud map are obtained, and the equivalent surface conditions are determined based on this. Based on the equivalent surface conditions of the brake disc, the surface topography optimization method was used to establish a mathematical model of multiple equivalent surface conditions at different braking positions during one cycle of braking. Combined with the mathematical model, the finite element model of the brake disc surface flexibility optimization under multiple working conditions is established, and the optimization results under the constraints of different pattern groups are compared, and the surface structure with the smallest optimized flexibility value is selected. The optimization results show that the surface flexibility of the brake disc before and after optimization is reduced by 82.91%. Based on the optimization results, the surface structure of the brake disc is reconstructed, and a surface structure that meets the requirements of minimizing the weighted flexibility of multiple operating conditions is designed.
|
751 |
Please write an abstract with title: Microarray image de-noising using stationary wavelet transform, and key words: Image denoising, Wavelet transforms, Discrete wavelet transforms, Low pass filters, Image processing, Noise level, Signal analysis, Biomedical signal processing, Noise reduction, Signal resolution. Abstract: Presents a stationary wavelet transform (SWT) method to de-noise microarray images. It is well known that SWT is time invariant. Hence it is particularly important in statistical signal processing applications, such as signal detection and de-noising. The testing result on a sample microarray image has shown that a clear and a better resolution image is obtained using this method.
|
752 |
Please write an abstract with title: Understanding the Effect of Dispersion Corrections on the Calculated Spectra of <tex>$\alpha$</tex>-Lactose Monohydrate, and key words: Correlation, Discrete Fourier transforms, Dispersion. Abstract: THz spectra were recorded for a polycrystalline α-lactose monohydrate sample at 4 K. Solid-state DFT was then used to aid the interpretation of the spectrum. In particular, we investigate how the inclusion of a number of empirical dispersion corrections to the DFT calculations influences the correlation between calculation and experiment.
|
753 |
Please write an abstract with title: Hand Gesture Extraction by Active Shape Models, and key words: Active shape model, Image segmentation, Skin, Australia, Real time systems, Colored noise, Image edge detection, Data mining, Morphological operations, Microcomputers. Abstract: The paper applied active statistical model for hand gesture extraction and recognition. After the hand contours are found out by a real-time segmenting and tracking system, a set of feature points (Landmarks) are marked out automatically and manually along the contour. A set of feature vectors will be normalized and aligned and then trained by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Mean shape, eigen-values and eigenvectors are computed out and composed of active shape model. When the model parameter is adjusted continually, various shape contours are generated to match the hand edges extracted from the original images. The gesture is finally recognized after well matching.
|
754 |
Please write an abstract with title: Using an elastic deformable template for the segmentation of ultrasound cardiac radio frequency images based on the velocity information, and key words: Image segmentation, Ultrasonic imaging, Radio frequency, Heart, Muscles, Blood, Data mining, Optical imaging, RF signals, Decorrelation. Abstract: In the context of echocardiographic imaging, we investigate the feasibility of segmentation based on the velocity information, estimated by tracking radiofrequency patterns in consecutive frames. We subsequently segment the variance of the velocity by means of a deformable template, which is constrained by an elasticity term and evolves attracted by the edges of the velocity variance. Segmentation of a simulated image and of an entire cardiac sequence proves a good performance of our method. Since the velocity information is complementary with respect to the classically used envelope one, it could be used to increase reliability of the detection of cardiac structure.
|
755 |
Please write an abstract with title: A direct approach for high-quality MEMS based IMU/INS production, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Temperature sensors, Production, Tools, Calibration, Gyroscopes, Thermal stability. Abstract: This paper describes an industrial process for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based inertial measurement unit (IMU) and inertial navigation systems (INS) production. Producing high accuracy sensor in a limited time and with a robust process is a universal problem in IMU and INS production. The challenge we face today is finding a calibration and a performance validation processes which will systematically get the most of each IMU.As MEMS based IMU start competing with other technologies based on high-end gyroscopes, the calibration becomes a critical topic to increase the IMU performance. A common technique used on high-end technologies as Fiber-optic Gyroscopes (FOG) is to combine a set of non-specific multi-position observations and a systematic calibration method as a Kalman filter [1-4]. However, this method requires ultra-low-noise gyroscopes with excellent bias stability and repeatability to correctly measure Earth rotation rate. These attributes are hardly found on MEMS. The method also limits the observability of non-linearities and cross-axis sensitivity errors because of low dynamics.The calibration method proposed here is based on a direct process [5] combined with high dynamics. High dynamics help discarding noise and bias stability from a proper measurement. Also, a direct approach allows to master all the process and gives the possibility to separate and compensate sensors manufacturing and calibration tools imperfections.Finally, the performance assessment and acceptance test presented in this paper are used to check the consistency of the direct approach technique by applying high dynamics after calibration and measuring sensor errors and triads misalignment in a whole temperature range as shown in Figure 1.
|
756 |
Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting COVID-19 Total Daily Cases in Indonesia Using LSTM Networks, and key words: COVID-19, Computational modeling, Government, Machine learning, Predictive models, Coronaviruses, Informatics. Abstract: The COVID-19 virus has taken over the course of the world for over two years; governments all over the world have been trying to mitigate its effects in several ways such as instilling most jobs to be done at home instead of working from the office. Thus, it is important to be able to see predictions of COVID-19 cases to better plan the intervention of the virus spreading. With the use of machine learning, our paper aims to propose and evaluate an LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model that can forecast daily COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. Several tests show that 50 epochs and a batch size of eight are the best parameters to use for our model. Furthermore, after comparison with differing amounts of lookbacks, we have decided that 10 is best for our model as it consistently does better than other numbers of lookbacks. Based on our model, there will still be an increase of COVID-19 cases in the future.
|
757 |
Please write an abstract with title: Robust Implementation of Memristive Reservoir Computing with Crossbar Based Readout Layer, and key words: Training, Liquids, Network topology, Memristors, Reservoirs, Hardware, System implementation. Abstract: Reservoir computing (RC) is a neural network paradigm that aims to significantly reduce the training cost of recurrent neural networks. Physical reservoir computing is the hardware realization of this system that aims to achieve faster data processing with low training costs. This paper presents a robust memristor-based liquid state machine implementation of reservoir computing. A generalized hardware framework for this system's implementation is proposed that can be used to realize any given network topology. Also, a readout layer based on simple spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) based online learning is proposed for the system. Such an implementation will lead to reduced training cost for the system. Additionally, this readout layer is shown to be robust against device level switching asymmetries that are prevalent in contemporary memristor devices.
|
758 |
Please write an abstract with title: Timing synchronization in high mobility OFDM systems, and key words: Timing, OFDM, Frequency synchronization, Channel estimation, Algorithm design and analysis, Bandwidth, Degradation, Delay estimation, Wireless sensor networks, Redundancy. Abstract: OFDM systems are sensitive to timing synchronization errors. Utilizing pilot-aided channel estimators in OFDM systems can further increase this sensitivity. This is shown in Y. Mostofi et al. (Oct. 2002) where authors have analyzed the-effect of such errors on a pilot-aided channel estimator in a fixed wireless environment. They proposed an algorithm that exploits this sensitivity to improve timing synchronization without additional training overhead. The effect of these errors and design of suitable synchronization algorithms for high mobility applications, however, have not been studied before. In this paper we extend the analysis in Y. Mostofi et al. (Oct. 2002) to high mobility environments. Timing synchronization becomes more challenging for mobile applications since power-delay profile of the channel may change-rapidly due to the sporadic birth and death of the channel paths. We find analytical expressions for channel estimation error in the presence of timing synchronization errors and mobility. We show that the sensitivity of the channel estimator can still be exploited to improve timing synchronization in high mobility environments. Then we extend the algorithm proposed in Y. Mostofi et al. (Oct. 2002) to high mobility applications. Finally simulation results show the performance of the algorithm in high delay and Doppler spread environments.
|
759 |
Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Electronic Tongue Based on a Nanocomposite for Discriminating Flavor Enhancers and Commercial Salts, and key words: Sodium, Tongue, Films, Sensors, Electrodes, Food industry, Graphene. Abstract: Diets with a high sodium chloride (NaCl) intake are indicated by doctors to be a factor responsible for causing cardiovascular disease. This has led to the search for NaCl substitutes used to prepare meals and process industrialized products, resulting in the food industry using new compounds. In this context, flavor enhancers appear to be able to maintain the sensory characteristics of food and reduce the amount of NaCl used. Substituting NaCl with other light commercial salts may also represent an alternative to reducing its consumption. Thus, it is of great importance to have a sensitive, portable, reliable, and cost-effective sensors for monitoring salt and flavor enhancers. For that reason, developing methodologies and devices able to chemically analyze salts and capable of establishing a relationship with human taste perception has become relevant for quality control and product development. In this context, this study proposes developing and applying an e-tongue system that can analyze aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of flavor enhancers (monosodium glutamate, disodium guanylate and disodium inosinate), light commercial salts and NaCl. The e-tongue comprised four gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) modified with layer-by-layer films of copper tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CuTsPc), polyaniline (PANI), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different architectures. Data were statistically analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The e-tongue system proved to be efficient for identifying and discriminating flavor enhancers and commercial salts at different concentrations and is a possible alternative for quality control analysis and product development in the food industry.
|
760 |
Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Beamforming for Distributed Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided Systems, and key words: Estimation error, Uncertainty, Array signal processing, Simulation, Conferences, Channel estimation, MISO communication. Abstract: In this paper, a distributed multiple-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) system is studied. Since IRS is operated in a passive manner, only imperfect channel information is considered in our model. Our aim is to maximize the achievable sum rate of the system by adopting a hybrid construction where we jointly optimize the active transmit beamforming at the base station (BS) and the passive beamforming at the IRS. To solve this problem, utilizing successive convex approximation (SCA), an iterative algorithm is proposed via alternatively optimizing transmit beamforming and passive beamforming. Simulation results show the proposed iterative algorithm outperforms the conventional semi-definite programming (SDP)-based algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is able to significantly compensate for the channel estimation error.
|
761 |
Please write an abstract with title: THz photocurrent magneto-oscillations in GaN-based asymmetric grating gate structures, and key words: Logic gates, Wide band gap semiconductors, Photoconductivity, Magnetic fields, Gratings, Oscillators, Aluminum gallium nitride. Abstract: We report THz induced ratchet photocurrent in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures superimposed with asymmetric dual-grating gate structure. The photocurrent shows giant magneto-oscillations in the regime of high magnetic fields. Peculiarly, the envelope of these oscillations exhibits large beatings as a function of the magnetic field. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the beatings are caused by the spin-orbit interaction in GaN conduction band. Our results show how THz photoconductivity can be used for studies of spin dependent effects in GaN-based materials.
|
762 |
Please write an abstract with title: Reduced Resolution Redundancy: A Novel Approximate Error Mitigation Technique, and key words: Redundancy, Image resolution, Hardware, Fast Fourier transforms, Computer architecture, Logic circuits. Abstract: Error mitigation techniques, such as Triple Modular Redundancy, introduce very large overheads. To alleviate this overhead, approximate techniques can be used. In this work we propose a novel approximate error mitigation technique based on using redundant circuits with lower resolution. As a representative case study, the approach is demonstrated for a Fast Fourier Transform, for which an optimized architecture is proposed. The approach is validated through fault injection. Experimental results show that Reduced Resolution Redundancy can significantly reduce the overhead and achieve an excellent error mitigation performance and a low sensitivity to uncorrectable errors.
|
763 |
Please write an abstract with title: Towards a cheap, battery-less, wireless threshold temperature detector, and key words: Wireless communication, Temperature distribution, Detectors, UHF antennas, Polymers, Passive RFID tags, Radiofrequency identification. Abstract: A new method for cold chain logistics validation is presented in this paper. By combining RFID technology and polymer physical properties, a passive UHF RFID tag was designed on a special polymer that irreversibly shrink at certain temperature. With a power of 100 mW transmitted by a RFID UHF reader, the tag responds to 6 cm and after exceeding a threshold temperature, the read range decreases to 1.3 cm, As the tag is still responding but at a lower read range, we can deduce that it was not deliberately degraded and the decrease of read range is due to a temperature variation.
|
764 |
Please write an abstract with title: SmartMixModel: Machine Learning-based Vulnerability Detection of Solidity Smart Contracts, and key words: Deep learning, Solid modeling, Codes, Smart contracts, Syntactics, Feature extraction, Blockchains. Abstract: The growing popularity of Ethereum and Solidity smart contracts makes them attractive targets for security threats and attacks. Even though researchers have been dedicating substantial efforts in developing machine learning-based vulnerability detection models for Solidity smart contracts, the models achieved considerably lower accuracy due to shallow coverage of the feature space. In this paper, we introduce SmartMixModel, an improved vulnerability detection model considering an expanded feature space covering both the source- and byte-codes of the Solidity smart contracts. In particular, our contribution in this paper is threefold. First, we collect close to seventy thousand real-world Solidity smart contracts deployed on the Ethereum mainnet and employ the SmartCheck tool to label them considering ten types of vulnerabilities. Next, we generate a mixed-level embedding feature space considering both the high-level syntactic features of the source codes and the low-level features extracted from the compiled byte codes. Finally, we train various Machine Learning and Deep Learning models on our dataset balanced with SMOTETomek. We observe an improved detection performance compared to the state-of-the-art models, achieving the highest Micro-F1 of 98.34%, Macro-F1 of 98.20%, maximum F1-score rate of 99%, and maximum AUROC of 99.60% in the case of XGBoost classifier.
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765 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Spherical Sensor Design for Partial Discharge Measurement, and key words: Partial discharges, Antenna measurements, Partial discharge measurement, Renewable energy sources, Production, High-voltage techniques, Inspection. Abstract: The accident data shows that most electrical equipment failures are accompanied by the occurrence of partial discharge. Through the detection of partial discharge, the early warning of the accident can be realized in a timely and effective manner. Therefore, it is very important to detect whether there is partial discharge in high-voltage lines and electrical equipment. This paper proposes a spherical sensor that can be used for partial discharge detection. The sensor is based on the principle of an electric small antenna, which can be equivalent to a capacitance in the electrostatic field to measure the partial discharge signal. In this paper, the relevant parameters of the spherical sensor are verified by simulink and HFSS simulation analysis, and the detection effect of HFCT is compared through experiments. With its simple production and convenient use, the spherical sensor can replace the HFCT to a certain extent to complete the daily PD inspection work.
|
766 |
Please write an abstract with title: Smart Real-Time Autonomous Navigation System using integration of MEMS-based Low-Cost IMU/GPS, and key words: Global Positioning System, Receivers, Navigation, Sensors, Satellites, Mathematical model, Kalman filters. Abstract: This paper aims to design a real time autonomous navigation system (ANS) using low cost electronics devices with significant navigation accuracy levels. This system could be practically implemented inside any vehicle to enable autonomous movement. The proposed ANS is implemented through an open loop decentralized loosely integration approach of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a Global Positioning System (GPS). Due its modularity, the 6 degree of freedom (DOF) MPU6050 breakout board is used to be the IMU in the system. The GPS receiver is selected to be the Skylab SKM53 module. Appropriate real time navigation accuracy levels are obtained through the correction of Position and Velocity (PV) readings coming out from the GPS. Two Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs) are used to provide the corrected PV readings. The filters are implemented through two state machines that are running simultaneously in a concurrent form on an Atmel ATmega16 microcontroller which is the main controller of the proposed ANS. The system also includes 3DRobotics 915 MHz wireless telemetry module to grant the real time processing of the navigation data. The system accuracy is validated on a real vehicular trajectory. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values for the implemented ANS in ENU directions, have reached 0.254, 0.337 and 0.462 meters respectively, which is notably competitive with other recent related work.
|
767 |
Please write an abstract with title: A VLSI architecture for advanced video coding motion estimation, and key words: Very large scale integration, Video coding, Motion estimation, Computer architecture, Video compression, Automatic voltage control, MPEG 4 Standard, Hardware, Clocks, Laboratories. Abstract: With the advent of new video standards such as MPEG-4 part-10 and H.264/H.26L, demands for advanced video coding (AVC), particularly in area of variable block searching motion estimation (VBSME), are increasing. This has led to research into suitable flexible hardware architectures to perform the various types of VBSME. We propose a new 1-D VLSI architecture for full search variable block size motion estimation (FSVBSME). The variable block size, sum of absolute differences (SAD) computation is performed by reusing the results of smaller subblock computations. These are permuted and combined by incorporating a shuffling mechanism within each processing element (PE). Whereas a conventional 1-D architecture can process only one motion vector, this architecture can process up to 41 motion vector (MV) subblocks (within a macroblock) in a comparable number of clock cycles.
|
768 |
Please write an abstract with title: FreeScatter: Enabling Concurrent Backscatter Communication Using Antenna Arrays, and key words: Backscatter, Antenna arrays, Decoding, Receivers, MIMO communication, Transmitting antennas. Abstract: The design paradigm for backscatter tags is to avoid complex functionality and make tags as simple as possible. However, such a design principle leads to the prevalence of signal collision as tags cannot sense other tags' ongoing transmissions. The high probability of tag collision will result in low overall throughput. Although there are some existing efforts to resolve tag collisions, they either require good channel conditions or can only resolve a limited number of tags as channel capacity is deficient when SNR is low. In this article, to overcome this limitation, we bring in antenna arrays to boost the channel capacity. We propose FreeScatter, which can support scalable concurrent backscatter transmission using an antenna array. FreeScatter extracts the path that signals traveled and formulates the tags' channel coefficient using the path representations. FreeScatter further exploits the frequency agnostic property so that it can support more spatial streams than the number of antennas. The experimental results show that we can enable up to 20 tags transmitting concurrently. With the ubiquitous connectivity of battery-free tags in the near future, FreeScatter can significantly boost the network throughput.
|
769 |
Please write an abstract with title: ZND-ZeaD Models and Theoretics Including Proofs for Takagi Factorization of Complex Time-Dependent Symmetric Matrix, and key words: Analytical models, Symmetric matrices, Computational modeling, Heuristic algorithms, Neural networks, Mathematical models, Hardware. Abstract: Takagi factorization (TF) is a kind of matrix factorization (also termed, decomposition) method. In this paper, the problem of TF for complex time-dependent symmetric matrix (simply termed, time-dependent Takagi factorization) is presented and theoretically studied. To simplify the tough problem, we first consider converting it into an equivalent equation system. Then, a continuous-time (CT) TF (CTTF) model is presented and derived theoretically, by adopting ZND (Zhang neural dynamics, or termed, Zhang neural network) method and a dimensional reduction technique. In order to facilitate the implementation on digital hardware platforms, the corresponding discrete-time (DT) ZND solution models (or termed, algorithms) with different discretization precisions of the CTTF model are presented and taken into theoretical consideration. Specifically, we present and investigate a discrete-time TF (DTTF) model, termed eight-instant DTTF (8IDTTF) model, by using a new eight-instant Zhang et al discretization (ZeaD, also termed, Zhang time discretization, ZTD) formula to discretize the CTTF model. Besides, two other DTTF models, termed four-instant DTTF (4IDTTF) and six-instant DTTF (6IDTTF) models, are presented respectively, on the basis of two corresponding multiinstant ZeaD formulas. Moreover, the effective solution step-size intervals of the three DTTF models are further presented and proved.
|
770 |
Please write an abstract with title: Gray-Box Loss Model for Induction Motor Drives, and key words: Induction motor drives, Torque, Power measurement, Torque control, Estimation, Rotors, Observers. Abstract: Both high-precision and high-efficient torque control of induction motor drives is an important research field due to the extensive use of these motors in torque-controlled applications, e.g. electric vehicles. To achieve high precision, a gray-box rotor flux observer and inverter model have been lately introduced and validated to be effective. Gray-box models (GBMs) combine first-order principles from physics with data-driven identification enabling accurate model performances at low model complexity. Since the effectiveness of an operating strategy significantly depends on the accuracy of the underlying loss model, in this paper, the aforementioned GBMs' scope is extended to estimate also the power losses in the motor and inverter. Hence, the achieved universal drive model delivers flux, torque, and loss estimations which are substantial for various control tasks, like torque control, operating strategy, or thermal models. In comprehensive test bench investigations, which take into account the entire drive operating range, the measured power losses are compared to the model estimations. This analysis validates that the GBMs can estimate the losses in the motor with a root-mean-square error of 0.47 % and in the inverter with 0.87 %, both related to the nominal mechanical power of the motor.
|
771 |
Please write an abstract with title: Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Dendrites (neurons), Axons, Deep learning, Biology, Behavioral sciences, Artificial neural networks, Synapses. Abstract: This chapter introduces the development of deep neural networks (DNNs). This is done by discussing the biological foundation of neural networks and how it motivates the scientist to introduce artificial neural networks (ANNs) in their simplest form known as multilayer perceptron. The chapter explains how the design of DNN originated from ANNs, which shape the foundation of models of deep learning. It introduces a variety of activation functions to activate the neurons in layers of DNNs, each with different mathematical formulation and characteristics. The chapter presents a thorough introduction to the concepts of forward and backward propagation to learn a simple ANN. It discusses gradient descent to enable understanding the general ideology of gradient calculation to learn different variants of DNNs. The chapter also explains the parameter initialization as well as the loss functions for different learning problems.
|
772 |
Please write an abstract with title: Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Control for HMM-Based Multiagent Systems via Dynamic Event-Triggered Scheme, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Multi-agent systems, Symmetric matrices, Markov processes, Topology, Tools, Takagi-Sugeno model. Abstract: This article discusses the interval type-2 (IT2) Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy asynchronous controller design problem for nonlinear multiagent systems via a dynamic event-triggered scheme in the discrete-time context. To formulate the asynchronous phenomena between the system modes and the anticipant controller modes, the hidden Markov model is proposed. The primary attention is focused on the explicit design of the dynamic event-triggered strategy that can be dynamically adjusted in line with system information, which mitigates the communication burden efficiently. On this occasion, the information renewal of the controller is aperiodic. Furthermore, the nonlinear characteristics are effectually disposed through utilizing a unique IT2 T-S fuzzy model, which is with mismatched membership functions (MFs). As a result, the resulting closed-loop fuzzy multiagent systems are accompanied by mismatched MFs and asynchronous modes, whereafter, via solving the convex optimization problem, the desired controller gains are acquired. Eventually, the validity and practicability of the developed control scheme are illustrated by two examples.
|
773 |
Please write an abstract with title: On the mean-square noise power of an optimum linear digital filter for correlated noise input, and key words: Digital filters, Polynomials, Algorithm design and analysis, Nonlinear filters, H infinity control, Integrated circuit noise, Testing, Density functional theory, Frequency, Random processes. Abstract: An asymptotic solution for the mean-square output noise power of an optimum digital filter is obtained. It is assumed that the input consists of a polynomial plus correlated noise. The asymptotic solution is found by fixing the interval between samples and allowing the number of samples to approach infinity. The solution obtained for the minimum variance filter is compared with the solution as obtained for the "least-squares filter," and it is shown that the latter filter is asymptotically efficient as compared to the former. It is shown for each of the above filters that the mean-square output noise power is proportional to the spectral density function of the correlated noise, evaluated at zero frequency, and that the factor of proportionality is the same.
|
774 |
Please write an abstract with title: Demo Abstract: Bootstrapping Batteryless Networks Using Fluorescent Light Properties, and key words: Brightness, Transforms, Information processing, Jitter, Fluorescent lamps, Synchronization, Solar panels. Abstract: Communication among batteryless devices is key to their success in replacing traditional battery-supported systems. However, low and unpredictable availability of ambient energy combined with limited energy storage capacity of the devices make efficient communication challenging. As a stepping stone toward addressing this challenge, we propose to leverage common patterns in harvested energy across the devices. In this abstract, we explore one possible approach that exploits a property of many fluorescent light sources used worldwide: their brightness changes with double the power line frequency. We design a circuit that transforms the corresponding changes in energy harvested with a solar panel into a digital signal that is frequency- and phase-synchronized across multiple devices. Based on our design, we build a novel batteryless node, called Flync. Using two Flync nodes, we demonstrate that the synchronized signal can be generated with less than 1 µA and a maximum measured node to node jitter of 363.24 µs.
|
775 |
Please write an abstract with title: Area Efficient Carry Look ahead Adder Based on Memristor Ratioed Logic, and key words: Quantum computing, Neuromorphic engineering, Memristors, Computer architecture, Signal processing, Logic gates, Telecommunication computing. Abstract: There is always a need for high-performance computing in the current technological growth and is increasing day by day. To meet this requirement normal transistors cannot match to provide the required performance requirements. Memristors are capable of a wide range of applications from signal processing, neuromorphic computing, quantum computing applications. The integration of memristor-based digital logic circuits known as memristor ratioed logic (MRL) opens new ways for exploring High-Performance Computing (HPC) architectures. In this paper, Carry Look Ahead adders (CLA) using MRL logic has been presented. By using MRL universal gate (MRLUG) and modifying architecture demonstrated to reduce the area. The designed circuit is an area efficient 4-bit CLA adder implemented in cadence virtuoso, which shows that the design requires fewer memristors which consume less power.
|
776 |
Please write an abstract with title: Active nanocrystals for MOEMS, and key words: Nanocrystals, Space technology, Crystals, Optical computing, Communication system control, Design optimization, Nanolithography, Biomedical optical imaging, Informatics, Optical imaging. Abstract: This paper examines active crystals for high-performance nanotechnology-enhanced microscale opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS). With the ultimate objective to deflect the beam in three-dimensional space, we study opto-electromagnetically-active crystals. With novel technology and control paradigm, super-high-performance MOEMS can be designed. The design, analysis and optimization tasks are forefront fundamental and technological challenges for advanced microsystems with MOEMS. These MOEMS support advanced far-reaching technology and can be uniquely utilized in nanolithography, optics, informatics, communication, computing, imaging, microscopy, diagnostics, biometrics and other areas.
|
777 |
Please write an abstract with title: Anisotropic vector diffusion in image smoothing, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Smoothing methods, Equations, Color, Image processing, Filters, Tensile stress, Image segmentation, Gray-scale, Pixel. Abstract: Anisotropic diffusion has been widely used in image processing for its efficiency of smoothing the noisy images while preserving the sharp edges. In this paper we explore a general version of anisotropic diffusion schemes for vector-valued images, based on the polar-coordinate representation of the vectors. As an example, we apply our method to color images and show its ability of edge-preserving smoothing on vector-valued images.
|
778 |
Please write an abstract with title: Pupil Dilation Reflecting the Characteristics of Attention Networks of Patients Using Image Processing, and key words: Temporal lobe, Technological innovation, Frontal lobe, Roads, Image processing, Epilepsy, Gaze tracking. Abstract: Attention is the basis of high-level cognitive functions of the human brain. The attention network consists of three networks: alerting, orienting, and executive network. Different type of epilepsy affects different brain regions, which could influence attention function differently. We created a computer-based automatic attention function evaluation platform with eye-tracking, which was adapted from the attention network test (ANT). Through this platform, we compared the pupil activation patterns of epilepsy patients (29 patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and 37 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy) and healthy controls (n = 29) in three networks. Participants had different patterns of pupil dilation under the three network conditions. Eye-tracking data showed that compared with the healthy control group, patients with frontal lobe epilepsy had a worse executive function, and temporal lobe epilepsy affected the patients' alerting and orienting network. Our study showed that the characteristic analysis of pupil activation curves of three networks could assist in the location of epileptogenic lesions in patients with epilepsy.
|
779 |
Please write an abstract with title: A P2P approach for membership management and resource discovery in grids, and key words: Resource management, Peer to peer computing, Protocols, Performance analysis, Web services, Project management, Environmental management, Service oriented architecture, Convergence, Management information systems. Abstract: As deployed grids increase from tens to thousands of nodes, peer-to-peer (P2P) techniques and protocols can be used to implement scalable services and application in grids. This paper proposes a P2P approach for handling two key services in grid environments: membership management and resource discovery. The membership management service exploits the use of "contact nodes", i.e. of nodes elected within virtual organizations to facilitate the assignment of neighbours and the construction of interconnections between grid nodes. The resource discovery service uses these interconnections to give grid nodes the opportunity to explore the grid and discover available resources. The paper analyzes the performance of the resource discovery service on grid networks with different sizes.
|
780 |
Please write an abstract with title: Searching for the best biphase and quadriphase quasi-Barker sequences, and key words: Autocorrelation, Spread spectrum radar, Application software, Wireless LAN, GSM, Mobile communication, Communication standards. Abstract: Sequences achieving the minimum peak aperiodic autocorrelation sidelobe level one are called the Barker sequences. Such sequences have been used in numerous real-world channel estimation, radar and spread spectrum communication applications. Unfortunately, the longest known biphase and quadriphase Barker sequences are of lengths 13 and 15 respectively. In this paper, motivated by quasi-synchronous applications, we investigate the quasi-Barker sequences that achieve the minimum peak sidelobe-level one within a certain window centered at the mainlobe. As our key results, all the best biphase and quadriphase quasi-Barker sequences of lengths up to 36 and 21, respectively, have been obtained by an efficient computer search.
|
781 |
Please write an abstract with title: Interaction Among Musical, Cerebral and Autonomous Rhythms, and key words: Heart beat, Fingers, Music, Coherence, Electrocardiography, Electroencephalography, Blood pressure. Abstract: Several studies have documented beneficial effects of music. There is considerable interest in determining how these effects come about. We have previously shown an overall increase in coherence between EEGs and autonomic variables such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiration when subjects listed to songs. In the present study we determined the coherence among different locations of EEG, heart rate and respiration with envelopes of the songs that the subjects listened to. The data used in this paper were ECG, EEGs (6 locations), finger plethysmograph blood pressure and respiration recorded from 14 healthy subject. To measure synchronization, coherence, i.e. magnitude squared coherence (MSC) was computed. In order to determine coherence of EEGs and songs with other variables with lower frequency content, we used the envelopes of the EEGs and songs, i.e. computed coherences in the low frequency components of these signals. Similar to coherencies between EEG and autonomic rhythms, we observed an overall increase in coherence among different locations of EEG. In addition, different levels of synchronization of heart rate, respiration, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and brain electrical response recorded by surface EEGs, were observed with different type of songs. Our results showed that slow tempo song had the largest impact in making all these variables synchronized to its envelope profile, and when the tempo of song was fast this level of synchronization was significantly smaller. During listening to music, the synchronization, among EEGs was more significant in T3 (with other EEGs), but the synchronization with songs’ envelope profile was more significant in T4. Also, songs with expected similar cognitive effects produced higher synchronization levels of the all measured physiological variables with their envelope profiles. These results show the important role of tempo and cognition of songs in synchronizing different physiological variables with songs’ envelopes and in suggesting interdependencies among multiple cortical areas.
|
782 |
Please write an abstract with title: The reflection, transmission, and absorption of microwave in nonuniform plasma, and key words: Electromagnetic wave absorption, Plasma density, Slabs, Plasma waves, Electrons, Frequency, Propagation constant, Optical reflection, Attenuation, Reflectivity. Abstract: We study the reflection, transmission, and absorption of microwaves in nonuniform plasma. A discussion of the effect of various plasma parameters (such as electron density, collision frequency, etc.) on the reflected power, transmitted power and absorbed power of the microwave is presented. The nonuniform plasma slab studied is modeled by a series of subslabs, in each of which the electron density is assumed to be constant. We assume that the number density is constant in each subslab, and then the overall electron density is subject to a parabolic distribution. The total reflected, absorbed, and transmitted powers could then be deduced according to the calculation of the partial reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient at each slab.
|
783 |
Please write an abstract with title: Facial Image Super Resolution on 3 Architectures of Generative Adversarial Network, and key words: Image resolution, Generators, Convolution, Training, Generative adversarial networks, Gallium nitride, Face recognition. Abstract: Facial images are widely used for biometric recognition such as facial recognition, analysis or reconstruction. Consequently, it is necessary to increase the resolution of facial images from low resolution to high resolution or super resolution. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is a machine-learning-based method that can be used to increase image resolution. GAN is composed of two CNN, namely Generator and Discriminator. This research focuses on examining the effect of Generator configuration, specifically the number of feature extractor blocks named basic blocks and filters on Generator, which are built based on three different architectures, which are Inception, Resnet, and Inception-Resnet. Our finding shows that Resnet with 128 number of filter and 32 number of basic blocks gives the best result.
|
784 |
Please write an abstract with title: A modular sensor microsystem utilizing a universal interface circuit, and key words: Circuits, Intelligent sensors, Sensor systems and applications, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Microsensors, Communication system control, Control systems, Micromechanical devices, Protocols, Electronics packaging. Abstract: The performance features of MEMS transducers allow the development of a new class of small, low-power sensor microsystems which utilize a suite of sensors to support a wide range of applications. This paper presents a system-level framework for constructing such microsystems where system modularity for application adaptability is a primary design consideration. System architecture, communication protocols, modular packaging, and interface electronics are discussed in general terms, and an implementation of these concepts is presented. Key requirements for microsystem modularity, such as a communication bus and a universal microsensor interface circuit which support plug-n-play operation for online reconfiguration, are developed and presented in this paper.
|
785 |
Please write an abstract with title: Antenna-Resource-Based SCMA in Downlink Multiuser Transmission Systems, and key words: Interference, MIMO communication, Message passing, Detection algorithms, Transmitting antennas, OFDM. Abstract: Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is an appealing non-orthogonal multiple access technique, which transmits superimposed signals through various resources, such as frequency and time. It is known that multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been widely used in wireless communications to improve the system performances by taking full advantages of fading channels. Regarding appealing feature of MIMO, this paper focuses on the SCMA system that exploits antennas (or space) as parallel resources to transmit superimposed signals, and this type is named as antenna-resource-based SCMA (AR-SCMA) systems. Unlike the classical frequency-resource-based SCMA (FR-SCMA), the received signals consist of both the superimposed multiple users' signals and interference from other antenna resources. To eliminate the antenna interference and separate users, we propose a joint zero-forcing (ZF-) and/or minimum mean square error (MMSE-) message passing algorithm (MPA). Simulation results show that our proposed AR-SCMA can improve the bit error rate (BER) performances, and achieve a higher channel capacity than the classical FR-SCMA system.
|
786 |
Please write an abstract with title: Plane wave filtering using a novel 3D cone-stop filter bank, and key words: Filter bank, Filtering, Frequency, Transfer functions, Finite impulse response filter, Band pass filters, Adaptive filters, Equations, Delay, Drives. Abstract: A novel spatio-temporal (ST) three dimensional (3D) cone-stop filter bank is proposed having a highly selective cone-shaped stop band in 3D frequency space. The direction of the axis of the cone and the band width of the cone may be independently controlled and adapted over space-time. Preliminary results are given for the 2D (fan-stop) case that demonstrate the potential of the proposed filter bank to adaptively seek, track and attenuate wide-sense stationary broad band plane waves (PWs) having directions of arrival (DOAs) in the fan-shaped stop band while transmitting similar PWs having DOAs in the pass band.
|
787 |
Please write an abstract with title: Management System Using Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Machine learning algorithms, Animals, Machine learning, Internet of Things, RFID tags. Abstract: Zoo is a place where animals are cared and looked after by a team of officials. It will also provide entertainment to tourists and the animal lovers to study animal behavior. It is used for learning purposes as well as for tourist revenue. It serves and takes care of many wild animals with the help of zoo administrators. The work of those zoo administrators is very difficult as they are dealing with wild animals in person. In this paper, we proposed an architecture to ease the animal administrator’s daily job by effectively collaborating the Internet of Things (Iot) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Here we propose a novel and intelligent method for the health prediction of animals by a supervised machine learning algorithm. In addition to that, our architecture involves automatic feeding, cage temperature control, health monitoring of animals, real-time monitoring, and identification of virus infected animals. That helps to make the zoo expenses low. Moreover, in this era of the pandemic, the virus infected animals need to be separated from other animals as well as from the administrators to avoid spreading of the diseases. We also proposed an effective method by using RFID tag to identify virus infected animal and break the chain to prevent the spreading. So, our aim is to uplift the motto one world one health.
|
788 |
Please write an abstract with title: Topic Model based Ensemble Learning for Rating Prediction and Its Application, and key words: Learning systems, Text recognition, User-generated content, Semantics, Multimedia computing, Predictive models, Tools. Abstract: User rating prediction is an important problem in recommendation system, this task has been plagued by data sparsity for a long time. Especially, the rating prediction based on product features, user behavior and other background data is not only troubled by cold start, but also difficult to find the migration of user interest. In order to solve above problems, this paper proposes an integrated learning method based on topic model. In this method, the interest points of user comments are obtained by topic model questions, and then the score is predicted based on the improved CatBoost. Through this strategy, we can use the semantic information of the comment text more effectively for rating prediction. The proposed method is implemented in an online travel data analysis platform, experiment result shows it has ideal performance in rating prediction of online travel community.
|
789 |
Please write an abstract with title: On the space domain design techniques of N-dimensional recursive digital filters., and key words: Digital filters, Filtering, Magnetic separation, Least squares approximation, Signal processing, Transfer functions, Equations, Educational institutions, Multidimensional systems, Cardiology. Abstract: This paper presents four different design techniques whereby a given n-dimensional, discrete, and finite space impulse response is approximated by the impulse response of a recursive digital filter; this is carried out by extending the works of Kalman [3], Steiglitz and McBride[6], Shanks[5], Bertran[1], and Bordner[2]. The properties of each design procedure are discussed and some comparisons are made to enable the filter designer to choose the optimum filter that covers his requirements.
|
790 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Theoretical Comparison of Quantum Mechanical Tunneling and Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Through a Barrier, and key words: Couplings, Computational modeling, Conferences, Tunneling, Metamaterials, Trajectory, Reflection coefficient. Abstract: We present a theoretical study of the correspondence between quantum mechanics (QM) and electromagnetism (EM) using the transfer matrix approach (TMA). This analogy has been studied previously [1] , [2] , [3] ; here we adapt it to electromagnetic wave propagation through an isotropic metamaterial for comparison with quantum tunneling through a one-dimensional barrier. Wigner trajectory calculations for quantum mechanical tunneling have been developed previously [4] , [5] to present a method for modeling electron emission at an atomistic level and to allow for coupling to larger-scale particle-based simulations. To provide a means for computational verification and macroscopic experimental validation of these microscale simulations, we use the TMA to calculate both the QM and EM transmission and reflection coefficients, which enables direct comparison of the respective outputs.
|
791 |
Please write an abstract with title: Automated Process Control Anomaly Detection Using Machine Learning Methods, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Process control, Machine learning, Telecommunication traffic, Predictive models, Mathematical models, IP networks. Abstract: The paper discusses the features of the automated process control system, defines the algorithm for installing critical updates. The main problems in the administration of a critical system have been identified. The paper presents a model for recognizing anomalies in the network traffic of an industrial information system using machine learning methods. The article considers the network intrusion dataset (raw TCP / IP dump data was collected, where the network was subjected to multiple attacks). The main parameters that affect the recognition of abnormal behavior in the system are determined. The basic mathematical models of classification are analyzed, their basic parameters are reviewed and tuned. The mathematical model was trained on the considered (randomly mixed) sample using cross-validation and the response was predicted on the control (test) sample, where the model should determine the anomalous behavior of the system or normal as the output. The main criteria for choosing a mathematical model for the problem to be solved were the number of correctly recognized (accuracy) anomalies, precision and recall of the answers. Based on the study, the optimal algorithm for recognizing anomalies was selected, as well as signs by which this anomaly can be recognized.
|
792 |
Please write an abstract with title: The torque pulsation analysis of a starter generator with concentrated windings based hybrid electric vehicles, and key words: Torque, Hybrid power systems, Hybrid electric vehicles, Magnetic analysis, Internal combustion engines, Magnetic flux, Space vehicles, Shape, Stator windings, Ice. Abstract: In hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), the emissions of HEV are affected by the start torque performances of the starter generators (SG) greatly. Due to the limitation of vehicle space, usually they are made for flat shape. To improve the output torque and efficiency of the SG, the stator windings are designed into concentrated windings, however the torque ripple will be increased greatly. In this paper, the torque ripple of the SG with concentrated windings is analyzed. A two dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) method along with an average technique is used to evaluate the torque ripple. To reduce the torque ripple, three SG with different structures are designed. Considering the practice the integrated evaluation is provided.
|
793 |
Please write an abstract with title: Solving Bilevel AC OPF Problems by Smoothing the Complementary Conditions – Part I: Model Description and the Algorithm, and key words: Load flow, Computational modeling, Voltage, Energy storage, Generators, Optimization, Numerical models. Abstract: The existing research on market price-affecting agents, i.e. price makers, neglects or simplifies the nature of AC power flows in the power system as it predominantly relies on DC power flows. This paper proposes a novel bilevel formulation based on the smoothing technique, where any price-affecting strategic player can be modelled in the upper level, while the market clearing problem in the lower level uses convex quadratic transmission AC optimal power flow (AC OPF), with the goal of achieving accuracy close to the one of the exact nonlinear formulations. Achieving convexity in the lower level is the foundation for bilevel modeling since traditional single-level reduction techniques do not hold for nonconvex models. The bilevel market participation problem with the AC OPF formulation in the lower level is transformed into a single-level problem and solved using multiple techniques such as the primal-dual counterpart, the strong duality theorem, the McCormick envelopes, the complementary slackness, the penalty factor, the interaction discretization as well as the proposed smoothing techniques. Due to an extensive amount of information and descriptions, the overall work is presented as a two-part paper. This first part provides a literature overview, positions the work and presents the model and the solution algorithm, while the solution techniques and case studies are provided in the accompanying paper.
|
794 |
Please write an abstract with title: Student Location Reporting System Using Arduino Uno, and key words: GPS module, GSM module, Arduino, SIM Card. Abstract: The continuous monitoring of student’s whereabouts process requires an individual to be designated to each student, which is not an ideal case for larger number of students. This project explores the idea of locating the student’s when he/she will go out of the college/institution. This is done by using a GPS Module which is with the student. Tracking of a person and monitoring continuously requires a human assistance for long time. There are some mobile applications to track the location using some map APIs. Applications like google map has feature of sharing location through different messaging mediums or social networks. So that we cannot track people without assistance. The technique used in this project involves the use of GPS to alert the admin by sending SMS. Admin or parent is notified whenever respective student will cross the specific location, which is indeed the college. A GSM module is used to send SMS as soon as the location is crossed. SMS can be sent to the parent and the respective faculty in charge of the student.
|
795 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Alternative Micro LED Mass Transfer Technology: Self-Assembly, and key words: Printing, Self-assembly, Power demand, Force, Organic light emitting diodes, Light emitting diodes, Throughput. Abstract: Micro LED display technology has been spotlighted as the most promising technology compared to LCD and OLED. Its excellent advantages include higher brightness, self-illumination, higher resolution, lower power consumption, faster response, higher integration, higher stability, thinner thickness, longer life, etc. In terms of the unique benefits, it is attracting increasing attention from industries. With the commercialization of Micro LED technology, the following hurdles are identified: wafer manufacturing, full color, bonding, and mass transfer. Among them, mass transfer is so far considered as the most severe bottleneck. Several mass transfer technologies have emerged, including fine picking and placing, roll printing, laser transferring, and fluid self-assembly, which aim to solve the mass transfer problems. However, the aforementioned first 3 types of technologies still rely on the pick-and-place process, which is limited when the Micro LED die dimension shrinks to smaller scales due to processability and equipment precision. Fluidity self-assembly, on the other hand, will not be constrained by the Micro LED size and machine accuracy in the mass transfer process, which received increasing attention from researchers. In the self-assembly of component level, gravitational attraction, magnetic /electromagnetic fields, and capillary force are considered the mainstream force to facilitate the assembly process. Therefore, the component self-assembly becomes a prospective substitute for the Micro LED mass transfer solution, which overcomes the problems of the trade-off between throughput and the placement accuracy of the pick-and-place technology.
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796 |
Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Evaluation of Lithium-ion Batteries at Different Cryogenic Freezing Rates, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Temperature sensors, Transportation, Cryogenics, Reverse logistics, Steel, Automotive engineering. Abstract: The reverse logistic challenge of transporting damaged and waste automotive lithium ion battery (LIB) packs is an escalating concern as world-wide sales of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to rise. Damaged or defective packs must currently be transported in explosion-proof steel containers to meet international regulations, which makes transportation expensive. Freezing has been identified as a potential means to avoid these significant costs since cryogenically frozen cells are safe and therefore subject to less stringent transportation legislation. Existing literature demonstrates that flash freezing has little effect on LIB electrical performance (energy capacity and impedance), during the whole automotive life of the cells (up to 20% capacity fade). However, it is impractical to flash freeze LIB packs due to their large thermal mass. Promisingly, this study suggests slower freezing rates (0.5 to 50°C/min) have no detrimental electrical performance effects, indicating whole LIB packs could be frozen without affecting performance. In an effort to minimise the energy requirements of freezing an entire LIB pack, this research also establishes that -35°C is the minimum temperature to prevent thermal runaway of Panasonic 18650 cylindrical cells during an external short circuit. This finding will help to guide the necessary in-transport temperature monitoring systems. Overall this work makes significant steps forward in optimising cryogenic strategies to facilitate reuse and remanufacture of LIB cells from a damaged pack. Development of this approach could prolong LIB useful life leading to reduced raw material consumption and improving environmental sustainability of EV adoption.
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797 |
Please write an abstract with title: Trust, the Cloud, and the Edge, and key words: Cloud computing, Edge computing, Computational modeling, Internet of Things, Hardware, Servers, Monitoring. Abstract: This chapter considers important computing environment: what has become known as “the Edge”. In cloud computing, the hosting model views computing resources as being consumed by tenants. One important factor about most modern Edge computing environments is that they employ the same virtualisation and orchestration techniques as the cloud, allowing more flexibility in deployment and lifecycle management over bare‐metal deployments. Cloud service providers (CSPs) can employ economies of scale that allow them to schedule workloads onto their servers from multiple tenants, balancing load and bringing sets of servers in and out of commission infrequently. The tenant has to rely on commercial relationships for trust establishment, whereas the CSP can rely on both commercial relationships and computational techniques. The chapter discusses some examples of mitigations that may be appropriate and also considers their efficacy and applicability for particular types of use cases. These mitigations include: commercial mitigations, architectural mitigations, and technical mitigations.
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798 |
Please write an abstract with title: Electrophysiological Characterization of Glioma using a Biomimetic Spheroid Model, and key words: Drugs, Neurology, Neurotransmitters, Firing, Neurons, Neural engineering, Epilepsy. Abstract: Gliomas are the most common form of primary cancer in adults. Depending on the glioma subtype, they cause brain tumor-associated epilepsy (BTAE) in 30-90% of patients. Recently, it has been shown that gliomas form synapses with nearby neurons, which they use to drive their growth. Gliomas themselves also express neurotransmitter receptors. We hypothesized that glioma in isolation may also have its own characteristic electrical activity in response to drugs that are known to modulate synaptic activity in neurons. We generated human glioma spheroids (GS) and performed field potential recordings using multielectrode arrays, in the absence and presence of pro-seizure and anti-seizure drugs, followed by a wash-out period. Statistical differences were determined by one-way or two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. The mean firing rate (MFR) of the GS increased from baseline with pro-seizure drug exposure (p<0.01) and returned to baseline levels after the wash-out period from both pro-seizure drugs (p<0.01). The anti-seizure drugs did not significantly alter the MFR of the GS from baseline conditions. The results indicate that GS in isolation are electrically active and they respond to neurotransmitter receptor-modulating drugs. Future studies will be performed to further characterize the electrical activity of glioma with respect to synaptic connectivity and network among glioma cells, and between glioma and other types of brain cells, to better understand their role in BTAE.
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799 |
Please write an abstract with title: Personal service areas for mobile Web applications, and key words: Context-aware services, Web services, Network servers, Databases, Web server, XML, Delay, Service oriented architecture, Management information systems, Information retrieval. Abstract: Location-based mobile services let wireless mobile users access Web-based information about resources in their immediate vicinities. The authors describe an algorithm that draws on context mobility elements, such as the user's travel direction and speed, to form personal service areas. Their experimental context-aware tourist information system (CATIS) leverages XML technologies and Web services to provide tourist information to mobile users based on these personal service areas and the users' preferences. Because Web service performance depends on the underlying databases, the authors also developed a layered caching scheme for storing environmental data to improve response time.
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