ID
int64 0
400k
| content
stringlengths 97
5.85k
|
|---|---|
900 |
Please write an abstract with title: Clutter Removal for Detection of Slow-moving Targets with a mm-Wave FMCW Radar, and key words: Antenna measurements, Radar measurements, Radar clutter, Meetings, Radar detection, Clutter, Principal component analysis. Abstract: This work tackles the problem of the detection of slow moving targets. Point-by-point subtraction and Principal Component Analysis methods were applied to mm-Wave FMCW radar measurements and compared.
|
901 |
Please write an abstract with title: Wireless systems and interference avoidance, and key words: Interference, Multiaccess communication, Radio transmitters, Modulation coding, Demodulation, Wireless communication, Extraterrestrial measurements, Iterative methods, Distributed algorithms, Stability. Abstract: Motivated by the emergence of programmable radios, we seek to understand a new class of communication system where pairs of transmitters and receivers can adapt their modulation/demodulation method in the presence of interference to achieve better performance. Using signal to interference ratio as a metric and a general signal space approach, we present a class of iterative distributed algorithms for synchronous systems which results in an ensemble of optimal waveforms for multiple users connected to a common receiver (or colocated independent receivers). That is, the waveform ensemble meets the Welch (1974) bound with equality and, therefore, achieves minimum average interference over the ensemble of signature waveforms. We derive fixed points for a number of scenarios, provide examples, look at ensemble stability under user addition and deletion as well as provide a simplistic comparison to synchronous code-division multiple-access. We close with suggestions for future work.
|
902 |
Please write an abstract with title: BiG-Fed: Bilevel Optimization Enhanced Graph-Aided Federated Learning, and key words: Task analysis, Optimization, Servers, Collaborative work, Jacobian matrices, Data models, Clustering algorithms. Abstract: In federated learning (FL), due to the non-i.i.d. nature of distributedly owned local datasets, personalization is an important design goal. In this paper, we investigate FL scenarios in which data owners are related by a network topology (e.g., traffic prediction based on sensor networks). Existing personalized FL approaches cannot take this information into account. To address this limitation, we propose the Bilevel Optimization enhanced Graph-aided Federated Learning (BiG-Fed) approach. The inner weights enable local tasks to evolve towards personalization, and the outer shared weights on the server side target the non-i.i.d problem enabling individual tasks to evolve towards a global constraint space. To the best of our knowledge, BiG-Fed is the first bilevel optimization technique to enable FL approaches to cope with two nested optimization tasks at the FL server and FL clients simultaneously. Theoretical analysis shows that BiG-Fed is guaranteed to converge in an efficient manner. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate significant superior performance of BiG-Fed over seven state-of-the-art methods.
|
903 |
Please write an abstract with title: A ±1-g dual-axis linear accelerometer in a standard 0.5-μm CMOS technology for high-sensitivity applications, and key words: CMOS technology, Accelerometers, Acceleration, Personal digital assistants, Low pass filters, Consumer electronics, Electronics packaging, Bandwidth, Costs, Pins. Abstract: A dual-axis linear accelerometer, composed of a dual-axis acceleration sensor using a single proof mass to detect x- and y-axis acceleration and the relative fully integrated electronics front-end realized in a standard 0.5-μm CMOS technology, is proposed. The overall device features a full scale of ±1g and a sensitivity of 200 μg. No external components are required since an internal switched-capacitor low-pass filter limits the output signal band to 30 Hz. The dual-axis sensor is packaged with the electronics. In the final device, only four pins are active, plus a test pin. The device sensitivity is on-chip factory trimmed. This sensitivity is adjusted with a total accuracy of ±2.5%. The device is able to detect a minimum signal of 200 μg (which is about 80 dB lower than its full scale) and consumes 45 mW from a single 5-V supply.
|
904 |
Please write an abstract with title: Impact of difference of feeder impedances on the performance of a static transfer switch, and key words: Impedance, Sociotechnical systems, Switches, Voltage control, Logic, Thyristors, Control systems, Phase detection, PSCAD, EMTDC. Abstract: Conventionally, control system of a static transfer switch (STS) is designed based on the assumption that the STS terminal voltages are in-phase. This paper investigates the impact of phase difference of the STS terminal voltages on the STS transfer time and cross current. The phase difference is assumed to be a result of the difference of the feeder impedances. The paper shows that phase differences of even up to 4.5/spl deg/, which are accompanied by up to 5% voltage drop at the STS terminal, can noticeably increase the transfer time and the cross current magnitude. The studies are conducted on the IEEE STS-l benchmark system using the PSCAD/EMTDC software.
|
905 |
Please write an abstract with title: Technical press cuttings, and key words: Inductors, Switches, Steel, Urban areas, Control systems, Rails, Companies. Abstract: The world's largest reactor, from the point of view of both size and electrical capacity, is a neutral grounding reactor rated 80,000 k.v.a., on a four-minute basis. It was built at Pittsfield (Mass.) and is installed at the Westport Station of the Consolidated Gas and Electric Light and Power Company of Baltimore (Md.). It stands over nine feet high, and weighs eight tons. The reactor is of standard cast-in concrete design and is supported on eight extra-heavy porcelain insulators.
|
906 |
Please write an abstract with title: The wideband characteristics of plate antenna with elliptical cross section, and key words: Broadband antennas, Bandwidth, Microwave antennas, Antennas and propagation, Impedance, Fabrication, Antenna measurements, Radio broadcasting, Broadcast technology, Laboratories. Abstract: In this paper, a plate antenna with elliptical cross section and ellipticity ratio is studied. The return loss of the proposed antenna and conventional antennas is investigated using the simulation package CST MW Studio ver. 3.2 and fabricated antennas. The effects of ellipticity ratio on the radiation pattern and reflection coefficients are described. The given structure can handle the average power of several hundreds of watts. The simulated results of this antenna are obtained for various values of the ellipticity ratio of elliptical cross section loaded at the input port
|
907 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Modular Rehabilitation Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Patients With Hemiplegia, and key words: Legged locomotion, Knee, Exoskeletons, Prototypes, Kinematics, Stroke (medical condition), Real-time systems. Abstract: A modular rehabilitation exoskeleton robot for hemiplegic patients (SIAT-H) is created in this paper. The design of the exoskeleton is based on the gait analysis of hemiplegic patients and the movement data of healthy people. Through the motion capture experiments at different speeds, the walking style of patients with hemiplegia is understood. A modular exoskeleton robot, including an independent hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint, is designed. The mechanical structure which is optimized based on the physiological characteristics of human body would not cause additional damage to the joints during walking. In order to ensure the reliability of use, the structural strength is also considered. The kinematics relationship is verified by comparison of simulation data and calculated data. In the end, we made an experimental prototype, and the wearing experiment verified the reliability of the mechanism.
|
908 |
Please write an abstract with title: MBE growth and characterization of A-site deficient, low-field magnetoresistance (Pr/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/)/sub y/MnO/sub 3-/spl delta// oriented thin films, and key words: Magnetoresistance, Magnetic properties, Molecular beam epitaxial growth, Sputtering, Magnetic materials, Pulsed laser deposition, Chemical vapor deposition, Manganese, Transistors, Plasma temperature. Abstract: There has been renewed activities recently in studying the magnetotransport properties of doped manganese perovskite thin films L/sub 1-x/A/sub x/MnO/sub 3-/spl delta// (L=La,Pr; A=Ca,SrBa), owning to both the rich variety of physical properties they possess and their promising applications. While most efforts were devoted to the stoichiometric Li/sub 1-x/A/sub x/MnO/sub 3-/spl delta// phases, those phases deviated from stoichiometry are also attracting increasing interests because they exhibit more interesting properties such as different phase transition temperatures and marked low field magnetoresistance, and the most important, they offer other degree of freedom to adjust the properties of these materials. It was reported that stoichiometric thin films were usually obtained with such methods as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We report on the growth and structural, electric and magnetotransport characterizations of epitaxial (Pr/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/)/sub y/MnO/sub 3-/spl delta// thin films grown by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
|
909 |
Please write an abstract with title: Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing for FDD in Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Massive MIMO Systems, and key words: Optimization, Array signal processing, Covariance matrices, Precoding, Multiplexing, 5G mobile communication, Rayleigh channels. Abstract: Channel reciprocity, assumed in fifth-generation (5G) systems such as massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO), appears to be questioned in practice by recent studies on intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). Hence, contrary to previous works, we consider frequency division duplexing (FDD) to study the performance of an IRS-assisted mMIMO system. However, FDD is not suitable for large number of antennas architectures. For this reason we employ the joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM) approach exploiting the structure of the correlation of the channel vectors to reduce the channel state information (CSI) uplink feedback, and thus, allowing the use even of a large number of antennas at the base station. Specifically, we derive the sum spectral efficiency (SE) based on statistical CSI in terms of large-scale statistics by using the deterministic equivalent (DE) analysis while accounting for correlated Rayleigh fading. Subsequently, we formulate the optimization problem concerning the sum SE with respect to the reflecting beamforming matrix (RBM)and the total transmit power, which can be performed at every several coherence intervals by taking advantage of the slow time variation of the large-scale statistics. This notable property contributes further to the decrease of the feedback overhead. Numerical results, verified by Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, enable interesting observations by elucidating how fundamental system parameters such as the rank of the covariance matrix and the number of groups of UEs affect the performance. For example, the selection of a high rank improves the channel conditioning but increases the feedback overhead.
|
910 |
Please write an abstract with title: Study on measuring method of straightness of Indoor Large length Standard Device, and key words: Performance evaluation, Measurement uncertainty, Measurement by laser beam, Length measurement, Signal processing, Parallel processing, Standards. Abstract: Straightness error measurement is a basic measurement item in the field of geometric quantity. It is the basis of flatness, parallelism, verticality and coaxiality measurement. It has absolute influence on the performance of products. In this paper, the straightness measurement method of indoor large length standard device is mainly solved. In this paper, the laser interferometer is used to collect and splice the straightness of indoor large length standard device within the range of 50 m. The final results show that the horizontal straightness is 0.43 mm and the vertical straightness is 0.39 mm when the endpoint method is used. The horizontal straightness is 0.43 mm and the vertical straightness is 0.41 mm when the least square method is adopted.
|
911 |
Please write an abstract with title: A method to extract spots from the image of the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) spot assay, and key words: Colored noise, Image converters, Immune system, Matched filters, Pixel, Data mining, Educational institutions, Biomedical imaging, Information science, Image color analysis. Abstract: ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) spot assay is a method widely used by immunologists to enumerate cytokine-producing cells within a specific cell population. The result of ELISA is presented in an image containing numerous color spots. We present a method to extract and to count the number of spots. The proposed method is based on color analysis. Since CIE L*u*v* space has linear perceptibility of color differences, we convert the RGB space to L*u*v* space. The system is trained to obtain the standard color of the spots and get the color difference image in L*u*v* space. According to the feature of the spots we design a special matched filter to filter out the noise and enhance the spots. Finally a binary image is obtained. In the binary images, pixels in the spots have gray scale 255 and the others are 0. Our design makes it easy to analyze the perimeter and size of the spots in addition to counting them in the binary image.
|
912 |
Please write an abstract with title: Automatic detection of regions of interest in mammographies based on a combined analysis of texture and histogram, and key words: Mammography, Histograms, Tumors, Lesions, Image analysis, Feature extraction, Algorithm design and analysis, Image texture analysis, Breast cancer, Cancer detection. Abstract: In this article, we present an algorithm that selects regions of interest (ROI) containing a tumour based on the combination of a texture and histogram analysis. The first analysis compares the texture features extracted from different regions in an image to the same features extracted from known tumorous regions. The second analysis detects the ROI with two thresholds computed from the histograms of known tumorous masks.
|
913 |
Please write an abstract with title: Systems Medicine Design based on Systems Biology Approaches and Deep Neural Network for Gastric Cancer, and key words: Drugs, Cancer, Biomarkers, Regulation, Proteins, Systems biology, Databases. Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. It is associated with the stimulation of microenvironment, aberrant epigenetic modification, and chronic inflammation. However, few researches discuss the GC molecular progression mechanisms from the perspective of the system level. In this study, we proposed a systems medicine design procedure to identify essential biomarkers and find corresponding drugs for GC. At first, we did big database mining to construct candidate protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) and candidate gene regulation network (GRN). Second, by leveraging the next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, we performed system modeling and applied system identification and model selection to obtain real genome-wide genetic and epigenetic networks (GWGENs). To make the real GWGENs easy to analyze, the principal network projection method was used to extract the core signaling pathways denoted by KEGG pathways. Subsequently, based on the identified biomarkers, we trained a deep neural network of drug-target interaction (DeepDTI) with supervised learning and filtered our candidate drugs considering drug regulation ability and drug sensitivity. With the proposed systematic strategy, we not only shed the light on the progression of GC but also suggested potential multiple-molecule drugs efficiently.
|
914 |
Please write an abstract with title: New applications of millimeter-wave incoherent imaging, and key words: Millimeter wave technology, Millimeter wave communication, Broadband antennas, Optical imaging, Millimeter wave measurements, Biomedical imaging, Microwave imaging, Biomedical measurements, Detectors, Slot antennas. Abstract: A compact wideband millimeter wave detection element for the 35 GHz band has been developed mainly for passive imaging technologies. Using this element, fruit, timber, and foods in cardboard boxes have been observed nondestructively. The thermal radiation emitted from fruit changes as it is ripening, timber with knots and/or damages by white ants, and food temperature in cardboard box can be detected through incoherent passive imaging.
|
915 |
Please write an abstract with title: RPVNet: A Deep and Efficient Range-Point-Voxel Fusion Network for LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation, and key words: Point cloud compression, Computer vision, Quantization (signal), Laser radar, Image resolution, Logic gates, Solids. Abstract: Point clouds can be represented in many forms (views), typically, point-based sets, voxel-based cells or range-based images(i.e., panoramic view). The point-based view is geometrically accurate, but it is disordered, which makes it difficult to find local neighbors efficiently. The voxel-based view is regular, but sparse, and computation grows cubicly when voxel resolution increases. The range-based view is regular and generally dense, however spherical projection makes physical dimensions distorted. Both voxel-and range-based views suffer from quantization loss, especially for voxels when facing large-scale scenes. In order to utilize different view’s advantages and alleviate their own shortcomings in fine-grained segmentation task, we propose a novel range-point-voxel fusion network, namely RPVNet. In this network, we devise a deep fusion framework with multiple and mutual information interactions among these three views, and propose a gated fusion module (termed as GFM), which can adaptively merge the three features based on concurrent inputs. Moreover, the proposed RPV interaction mechanism is highly efficient, and we summarize it to a more general formulation. By leveraging this efficient interaction and relatively lower voxel resolution, our method is also proved to be more efficient. Finally, we evaluated the proposed model on two large-scale datasets, i.e., SemanticKITTI and nuScenes, and it shows state-of-the-art performance on both of them. Note that, our method currently ranks 1st on SemanticKITTI leaderboard without any extra tricks.
|
916 |
Please write an abstract with title: A hybrid topology for a variable speed wind-diesel generation system using wound rotor induction machines, and key words: Topology, Induction generators, Hybrid power systems, Wounds, Rotors, Induction machines, Wind energy generation, Pulse width modulation inverters, Wind turbines, Voltage. Abstract: In this paper a energy system topology consisting of a diesel and wind turbine generation units is presented. Wound rotor induction machines are considered to provide energy to an isolated load at constant voltage and frequency. Both generator rotor currents are vector controlled and operate at variable speed. The scheme uses a common DC bus for the voltage source PWM rotor side inverter of each machine. Another vector controlled voltage source PWM inverter is connected between the DC bus and the stator to allow sub and super synchronous speed operation of both generators. The diesel generator unit balances the system power and changes the speed according to power demand in order to minimise the fuel consumption. The variable speed operation of the wind energy conversion system maximises the energy capture by controlling the generator electric torque. An experimental prototype has been set with the diesel engine and the wind turbine emulated with a AC and DC drive respectively. The system has been tested to load impacts and step changes in wind velocity and experimental results for optimum speed tracking are shown.
|
917 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Game Theoretic Analysis for Power Management and Cost Optimization of Green Base Stations in 5G and Beyond Communication Networks, and key words: Games, Costs, Batteries, Power demand, 5G mobile communication, Renewable energy sources, Cellular networks. Abstract: Due to the exponential increase in the number of users, the next-generation cellular networks are resource-constrained in power and bandwidth. Power consumption is one of the critical consideration for the next-generation wireless networks, therefore, management of available resources is essential to achieve power efficiency. With the growing incentive to ‘go green’ and to reduce the carbon footprint, the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks will derive power from renewable sources to solve the energy efficiency problems. This work focuses on integrated regulation of the traditional, i.e., the grid-based and the renewable, i.e., the solar-based power supplies for the 5G and beyond 5G green base stations (BSs) in a smart city scenario. We propose a pricing model for suppliers to charge the BSs for electricity consumption when the renewable power supply cannot meet their total energy requirements. We propose a game-theoretic analysis for cost optimization by proposing two games, i.e., the power control game and the best supplier game. Each BS acts as a game player and has some actions like power reduction and supplier selection to reduce the total energy costs. We also provide the game transition profiles for the BSs. Furthermore, the Nash Equilibrium’s existence is verified for each of these games and an optimal cost solution is proposed for the green BSs.
|
918 |
Please write an abstract with title: Hyperparameter for Deep Learning Applied in Mammogram Image Classification, and key words: Deep learning, Transfer learning, Computer architecture, Medical services, Ontologies, Mammography, Breast cancer. Abstract: Deep Learning has become increasingly frequent in the studies and analysis of medical images. Advances relevant to this area of research improve computer-aided diagnostic systems and help physicians' routine when providing a second opinion. Breast cancer is one of the types most common cancer among women worldwide. Early diagnosis of breast cancer can facilitate treatment and help saves lives. Mammography is the most widely used exam in the clinical routine to diagnose breast cancer. The analysis of the mammogram requires a specialist with experience in medical imaging. Deep Learning and Machine Learning techniques can collaborate computationally with this task. Adapting the hyperparameters provided to deep learning architectures helps improve the results in analyzing and classifying mammogram images. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to classifying mammogram image regions of interest (ROIs). This approach includes transfer learning, hyperparameter and fine-tuning, and an ensemble with the models that showed the best results. The process demonstrated promising results, with the ensemble reaching 92% accuracy in the classification of mammogram ROIs of the test set and the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.97 for the best model.
|
919 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Method for Determining Resonant Elements Considering the Requirements of Double-LCC Circuits in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer, and key words: Coils, Wireless communication, Resistance, Capacitors, RLC circuits, Power transmission, Wireless power transfer. Abstract: Wireless power transfer technology is attracting attention as a means of charging electric vehicles while driving. Compared to the SS circuit, in which the coils and capacitors required for power transfer are connected in series and resonate, the Double-LCC circuit, in which capacitors are inserted in parallel on both the power transmitting and receiving sides, is more resistant to misalignment and has less standby loss. On the other hand, due to the complexity of the circuit and the increase in the degree of freedom, the optimization of the circuit has become very complicated and its determination method has not been established yet. In this study, when the coils to be used for transmitting and receiving power have already been determined, the optimal combination of resonant elements was determined considering all requirements such as allowable current, capacitor withstand voltage, required power transmission efficiency, required power, required secondary side power, etc. As a result, a resonant element was proposed that satisfies 98.0% efficiency and 31.2 kW of power, considering all requirements of the circuit in the simulated values. The validity of the proposed method was also shown by experiments.
|
920 |
Please write an abstract with title: Analog CMOS filter with full digital programmability, and key words: Digital filters, Switches, Circuit testing, CMOS process, Signal processing, Timing, Capacitors, Circuit topology, Transfer functions, Dynamic range. Abstract: A CMOS analog signal processor using digitally-controlled switch timing rather than capacitor arrays to achieve programmability of both filter topology and transfer functions, will be described. A 5μm CMOS test circuit has demonstrated availability of a dynamic range of 80dB and and ± 3V signal swing at ± 5V power supply.
|
921 |
Please write an abstract with title: Coordination of Preventive, Emergency and Restorative Dispatch in Extreme Weather Events, and key words: Meteorology, Resilience, Load modeling, Load flow, Adaptation models, Generators, Power systems. Abstract: The increase of extreme weather events with wide-area enduring adverse impact has caused enormous loss to power systems. Coordination of various emergency measures can effectively reduce the overall loss over the time-horizon of these events. However, coordination of preventive dispatch, emergency dispatch, and restorative dispatch in transmission systems under extreme weather conditions has not been thoroughly addressed. To fill this gap, we first propose a methodology to coordinate the above dispatch stages based on a novel hierarchical defender-attacker model (HDAM). In this model, various dispatch stages are modelled as defenders, whereas the extreme weather event is modelled as the attacker. Second, frequency security constraints, load shedding, and transmission line switching are modelled with the piecewise linear AC power flow in the HDAM. Particularly, an adaptive approximation of cosine function in the piecewise linear power flow equation is applied to greatly reduce the computational complexity. Third, the HDAM is recast as a two-stage robust optimization model with binary decision variables in the recourse stage and solved by the nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm. Then, the robust resilience trapezoid and coordinated strategy during extreme weather events are obtained by the proposed methodology. Moreover, by inference-based sensitivity analysis of the discrete line outage scenarios, the critical transmission lines and transformers are identified for pre-event hardening. Comprehensive case studies using IEEE benchmark systems and a Chinese 132-bus system validate that coordination of multiple dispatch stages is effective to enhance power system resilience against extreme weather events by reducing the overall loss.
|
922 |
Please write an abstract with title: FPGA-based system for the education in data acquisition and signal generation, and key words: Data acquisition, Signal generators, Circuits, Instruments, Field programmable gate arrays, Pulse width modulation, Hardware, Electric variables measurement, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Frequency. Abstract: Signal generation, signal conditioning and data acquisition systems usually have fixed structures, whose functionality cannot be modified. In an educational context, students can only modify some of their functional parameters and check the effect of such changes on the generation and acquisition processes. This paper presents a reconfigurable signal generation, conditioning and acquisition system that, in addition to cover these basic educational tasks, allow students to test different structures and to choose the most suitable for a given application. It basically consists of a SCXI environment from national instruments and an FPGA development board, which adds reconfigurability capabilities to the system. An application example is discussed, in which functionality is reconfigured for reading an incremental encoder and generating a PWM signal.
|
923 |
Please write an abstract with title: Thundercloud electrification and its discharge to ground: Assessments of observations and postulates, and key words: Clouds, Discharges (electric), Ice, Lightning, Ions, Earth, Crystals. Abstract: The mechanisms responsible for the build up of charge within the thundercloud and the resultant negative lightning flash to ground are discussed from the standpoint of well-established physical principles and parameters, particularly those relating to electrical discharges in gases, the specialists' terminology is generally avoided. In those areas where data and theories are considered inadequate the findings from man–made events and personal reasoning are introduced, thereby providing some original treatment – albeit, in part, of a speculative nature.
|
924 |
Please write an abstract with title: Ensemble Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Champion-Challenger Analysis, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Computational modeling, Credit cards, Fraud, Random forests. Abstract: Credit cards have evolved as a way of transferring money through E-payment systems, as digital payments develop to smoothly help corporate transactions around the world. Credit card fraud, on the other side, has continued to be a huge global danger to financial firms, with various reports and figures revealing the scope of the problem. In this study, we used three distinct ensemble models to implement a champion-challenger framework and evaluated the best model amongst them. With Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score of 99.86, 99.73, 99.99, 99.86, Challenger 1, which is an aggregation of Random Forest, Adaboost, and LSTM, was crowned the winner.
|
925 |
Please write an abstract with title: Quasi-3D numerical analysis of asymmetries in 980nm tapered laser diodes, and key words: Numerical analysis, Diode lasers, Laser modes, Pump lasers, Quantum well lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Equations, Laser beams, Steady-state. Abstract: An advanced steady state semiconductor laser model is used to analyse the characteristics of high power laser diodes used for pumping erbium doped amplifiers. The laser model solves the bipolar current continuity equations in the bulk and quantum well regions, the thermal conduction equation and the optical wave equation in the travelling wave approximation using the 2D wide-angle beam propagation method. In this paper, we demonstrate that a small beam spoiler offset or mirror tilt results in a significant asymmetry of the near field patterns.
|
926 |
Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of His-Purkinje and Biventricular pacing in patient-specific computer models, and key words: Computational modeling, Computed tomography, Biological system modeling, Simulation, Cathode ray tubes, Predictive models, Minimization. Abstract: Biventricular pacing (BiV) is a conventional form of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) setting. Unfortunately, about 30% of patients undergoing CRT do not show clinical improvements. Direct His-Purkinje system stimulation (HPS) is a promising method to restore the physiological sequence of ventricular activation and synchronize contraction. In this study, we evaluate the effects of HPS on several indices of ventricular activation and electrical dyssynchrony in 27 patientspecific computer models of ventricles utilizing the CT imaging and ECG data from the patients. We compared simulation results of HPS pacing with standard BiV pacing using CT data on the location of ventricular leads (BiV CRT). Moreover, using personalized ventricular models we predicted an optimal position of LV lead in terms of minimization of QRS complex durations (QRSd) and compared outputs of this BiVopt model with other modes of ventricular pacing. We showed that the majority of indices demonstrated that HPS is superior to both BiV pacing.
|
927 |
Please write an abstract with title: Septum magnet MNP-23 for the CERN PS experimental area and its fast interlock system, and key words: Cooling, Coils, Circuits, Temperature sensors, Leak detection, Protons, Synchrotrons, Ionizing radiation, Solids, Steel. Abstract: Two MNP-23 septum-like magnets are installed at CERN in the transfer line from the Proton Synchrotron (PS) to the East Hall Experimental Area. They are exposed to extremely high doses of ionizing radiation. In the past, the magnets experienced two catastrophic failures due to overheating of its coils and cannot be repaired. The magnets of improved design which is subject of this article are built as replacements for the magnets presently installed. The MNP-23 is a resistive C shaped iron-dominated magnet made of solid low carbon steel blocks. The excitation windings consist of two water-cooled coils wound from hollow copper conductor. The septum design of these magnets implies a high current density which requires an efficient water cooling system. The newly designed cooling circuit provides better cooling performance and more reliability. To avoid failures due to coil overheating, an elaborate interlock system was developed and installed. It consists of two parts: firstly a slow, more classic sensor, to detect gradual water blockages and inlet cooling water temperature rises and secondly a fast response device to detect sudden loss of water cooling due to external leaks or sudden blockage of one of the water cooling circuits in the coil. The article outlines the unusual and challenging design of the magnet and its interlock system and describes the hardware as well as its performance.
|
928 |
Please write an abstract with title: A comprehensive analysis of irradiated silicon detectors at cryogenic temperatures, and key words: Cryogenics, Large Hadron Collider, Radiation detectors, Silicon radiation detectors, Doping, Semiconductor process modeling, Finite element methods, Temperature control, Electric breakdown, Leakage current. Abstract: The effect of particle irradiation on high-resistivity silicon detectors has been extensively studied with the goal of engineering devices able to survive the very challenging radiation environment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main aspect under investigation has been the changes observed in detector effective doping concentration (N/sub eff/). We have previously proposed a mechanism to explain the evolution of N/sub eff/ whereby charge is exchanged directly between closely-spaced defect centres in the dense terminal clusters formed by hadron irradiation. This model has been implemented in both a commercial finite-element device simulator (ISE-TCAD) and a purpose-built simulation of inter-defect charge exchange. To control the risk of breakdown due to the high leakage currents foreseen during 10 years of LHC operation, silicon detectors will be operated below room temperature (around -10/spl deg/C). This, and more general current interest in the field of cryogenic operation, has led us to investigate the behaviour of our model over a wide range of temperatures.
|
929 |
Please write an abstract with title: A novel analysis method of bus signal transmission and a proposal for high-speed low-power bus circuit, and key words: Signal analysis, Proposals, Frequency, Pulse circuits, Distortion, Circuit analysis, SPICE, Analytical models, Circuit simulation, Data communication. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel analysis method of bus signal transmission and a high-speed bus circuit with low-power consumption. The novel analysis method utilizes the relation between frequency responses of a bus circuit and pulse waveform distortions when the signal is transmitted on the bus circuit. The proposed analysis method is used to find out the worst case of the bus transmission and to enable the SPICE simulation of bus circuits at the maximum transfer rate, which was evaluated by examining a conventional driver-end terminated bus circuit. The proposed high-speed low-power bus circuit is a looped bus circuit with non-power-dissipated terminations. The proposed bus circuit can achieve data transmission at 400M transfer/s, while the conventional driver-end terminated bus circuit transmits at below 160M transfer/s.
|
930 |
Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Sensor Bias and Signal Quality on Target Tracking with Multiple Radars, and key words: Target tracking, Uncertainty, Airborne radar, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor fusion, Radar tracking, Sensor systems. Abstract: The tracking of airborne targets from low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, such as radars, is a problem of increasing interest due to the proliferation of drones. Such low-cost IoT sensors have problems with sensor bias and poor signal quality which may impact detection and tracking performance. In this paper, we investigate the impact of sensor imperfections on tracking performance. In particular, we consider the scenario of two ground-based sensors measuring the elevation/bearing/range of three airborne targets in clutter. The measurement uncertainty of the second sensor was altered between test cases to emulate sensor bias, then the results of the multi-target tracking algorithm were compared using the Generalized Optimal Sub-Pattern Assignment, Single Integrated Air Picture, and uncertainty metrics. Results indicate that bias in the range measurement tends to decrease the track’s robustness against clutter. A sensor with equally poor performance in the elevation/bearing/range measurements scored the lowest in all investigated metrics. The clutter density parameter of the investigated multi-target tracking problem, the Joint Probabilistic Data Association filter, was altered and found to have nearly negligible effect on the track quality.
|
931 |
Please write an abstract with title: Evolving legacy systems through a multi-objective decision process, and key words: Software quality, Filters, Decision making, Utility theory, Problem-solving, Laboratories, Object oriented modeling, Application software, Software engineering, Conferences. Abstract: Our previous work on improving the quality of object-oriented legacy systems includes: i) devising a quality-driven re-engineering framework (L. Tahvildari et al., 2003); ii) proposing a software transformation framework based on soft-goal interdependency graphs to enhance quality (L. Tahvildari and K. Kontogiannis, 2002); and iii) investigating the usage of metrics for detecting potential design flaws (L. Tahvildari and K. Kontogiannis, 2004). This paper defines a decision making process that determines a list of source-code improving transformations among several applicable transformations. The decision-making process is developed on a multi-objective decision analysis technique. This type of technique is necessary as there are a number of different, and sometimes conflicting, criterion among non-functional requirements. For the migrant system, the proposed approach uses heuristic estimates to guide the discovery process
|
932 |
Please write an abstract with title: SmartSLAM: localization and mapping across multi-environments, and key words: Simultaneous localization and mapping, Neural networks, Global Positioning System, Navigation, Intelligent robots, Training data, Backpropagation, Feedforward neural networks, Testing, Indoor environments. Abstract: In the absence of absolute localization tools such as GPS, a robot can still successfully navigate by conducting simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). All SLAM algorithms to date can only be applied in one environment at a time. In this paper we propose to extend SLAM to multi-environments. In SmartSLAM, the robot first classifies its entourage using environment recognition code and then performs SLAM using landmarks that are appropriate for its surrounding milieu. One thousand images of various indoor and outdoor environments were collected and used as training data for a three-layered feedforward backpropagation neural network. This neural network was then tested on two sets of query images of indoor environments and another two sets of outdoor environments, yielding 83% and 95% correct classification rates for the indoor images and 80% and 79% success rates for the outdoor images.
|
933 |
Please write an abstract with title: Single Event Effects Characterization of the Programmable Logic of Xilinx Zynq-7000 FPGA Using Very/Ultra High-Energy Heavy Ions, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Ions, Radiation effects, Random access memory, Neutrons, Ion beams, Aerospace electronics. Abstract: This article studies the impact of radiation-induced single-event effects (SEEs) in the Zynq-7000 field programmable gate array (FPGA) and presents an in-depth analysis of the SEE susceptibility of all the memories of the programmable logic. The radiation experiments were performed in the CERN North Area facility and in the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research using very/ultra high-energy heavy ions. The offline analysis of the radiation experimental results produced a deep understanding for various SEE phenomena observed in the Zynq-7000 FPGAs, such as single-event function interrupts (SEFIs), single-event transient (SET) in global signals, and multiple bit upsets that could be key issues for the design of an effective SEE mitigation approach.
|
934 |
Please write an abstract with title: Techno-Economic Impact of Partial String Failure in Multi-string Energy Storage Systems, and key words: Costs, System performance, Asia, Power industry, Batteries, Smart grids, Capacity planning. Abstract: Electric utilities and large industrial/commercial customers, which integrate multi-MW multi-string energy storage systems (ESS), are typically at a significant risk of string failure. This results in the loss of system performance and capacity. In order to evaluate the accurate costs and benefits associated with a particular battery system, it is essential to incorporate the costs associated with battery string failure and, as a result, reduced capacity. This report analyzes how the economic losses can be estimated based on market rules and ESS availability. A framework for calculation of economic losses is developed and implemented with an illustrative string failure case for Independent System Operator (ISO-NE) forward capacity market. Further scenarios and case studies are analyzed by varying the probability of string failure as well as the capacity bid into the market. These scenarios are used to assess the variability of economic losses and the impact of string failure on the final realized benefits from the battery's market participation.
|
935 |
Please write an abstract with title: Fault-tolerant techniques for Ambient Intelligent distributed systems, and key words: Fault tolerant systems, Intelligent systems, Ambient intelligence, Redundancy, Hardware, Availability, Fault tolerance, Computer networks, Pervasive computing, Computational intelligence. Abstract: Ambient Intelligent Systems provide an unexplored hardware platform for executing distributed applications under strict energy constraints. These systems must respond quickly to changes in user behavior or environmental conditions and must provide high availability and fault-tolerance under given quality constraints. These systems will necessitate fault-tolerance to be built into applications. One way to provide such fault-tolerance is to employ the use of redundancy. Hundreds of computational devices will be available in deeply networked ambient intelligent systems, providing opportunities to exploit node redundancy to increase application lifetime or improve quality of results if it drops below a threshold. Pre-copying with remote execution is proposed as a novel, alternative technique of code migration to enhance system lifetime for ambient intelligent systems. Self-management of the system is considered in two different scenarios: applications that tolerate graceful quality degradation and applications with single-point failures. The proposed technique can be part of a design methodology for prolonging the lifetime of a wide range of applications under various types of faults, despite scarce energy resources.
|
936 |
Please write an abstract with title: Growing and Evolving 3-D Prints, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Three-dimensional printing, Solid modeling, Optimization, Complexity theory, Biological system modeling, Art. Abstract: Design—especially of physical objects—can be understood as creative acts solving practical problems. In this article, we describe a biologically inspired developmental model as the basis of a generative form-finding system. Using local interactions between cells in a 2-D environment, then capturing the state of the system at every time step, complex three-dimensional (3-D) forms can be generated by the system. Unlike previous systems, our method is capable of directly producing 3-D printable objects, eliminating intermediate transformations and manual manipulation often necessary to ensure the 3-D form is printable. We devise fitness measures for optimizing 3-D printability and aesthetic complexity and use a covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategies algorithm (CMA-ES) to find 3-D forms that are both aesthetically interesting and physically printable using fused deposition modeling printing techniques. We investigate the system’s capabilities by evolving and 3-D printing objects at different levels of structural consistency, and assess the quality of the fitness measures presented to explore the design space of our generative system. We find that by evolving first for aesthetic complexity, then evolving for structural consistency until the form is “just printable,” gives the best results.
|
937 |
Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive on-line HW/SW partitioning for soft real time reconfigurable systems, and key words: Real time systems, Digital systems. Abstract: We present a new HW/SW partitioning approach. This partitioning method is called an online partitioning algorithm (O.P.A) which consists to adapt dynamically the architecture to the processing requirements. A scheduling heuristic is associated to this partitioning approach. We compare our method with an off-line static HW/SW partitioning approach.
|
938 |
Please write an abstract with title: NNASIM: An Efficient Event-Driven Simulator for DNN Accelerators with Accurate Timing and Area Models, and key words: Microarchitecture, Systematics, Circuits and systems, Biological system modeling, Ecosystems, Artificial neural networks, Timing. Abstract: In this paper, we propose NNASIM, an efficient timing and area accurate event-driven simulator for custom DNN accelerators. NNASIM is a highly-modular and highly parameterized modeling framework. We build accurate timing and area models for common accelerator modules like GEMM, ALU array, and crossbar using ASIC synthesis flows. These models are fed into the event-driven simulator for fast simulation. NNASIM is integrated with a RISC-V simulator. This approach guarantees the functional correctness of the accelerator simulation at the instruction level. The experimental results show that our model evaluates the performance and area of DNN accelerators with less than 0.76% and 2.83% error, respectively, compared to RTL implementations. NNASIM allows designers to model the performance and area of the accelerator at a high level, and thus enables the systematic microarchitecture design space exploration of the custom accelerators.
|
939 |
Please write an abstract with title: Performance of efficient tactical UHF-satcom waveforms: occupied bandwidth, coding gain, spectral efficiency, bit error rate, and adjacent channel interference, and key words: Bandwidth, Performance gain, Bit error rate, Interchannel interference, Phase modulation, Phase shift keying, Frequency, Demodulation, Timing, Computer simulation. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description and experimental and simulated performance results for some of the current Raytheon satcom high efficiency tactical waveforms, namely the dual-h quaternary continuous phase modulated (CPM) waveforms and the shaped phase shift keying (SPSK) waveforms. The emphasis is on the performance in terms of adjacent channel interference (ACI), bit error rate (BER), coding gain over conventional waveforms, and the ability of the radio to acquire these waveforms while being subjected to a Doppler frequency of /spl plusmn/1200 Hz. This paper first introduces the mathematical representation of the dual-h quaternary CPM waveform. Then the principle of the data demodulation including carrier and symbol timing acquisition and tracking using the MIL-STD-188-181B-specified preamble is illustrated. Finally, with the use of computer simulations, the spectral envelope and bandwidth efficiency of these efficient waveforms are compared to conventional counterparts.
|
940 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Review on Machine Learning Methods for Credit Card Fraud Classification, and key words: Radio frequency, Support vector machines, Industries, Ethics, Machine learning, Banking, Forestry. Abstract: Since the liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991, the banking sector has expanded and transformed significantly. Despite the fact that the banking industry is generally well-regulated and overseen, it faces its own set of issues in terms of ethical behavior, financial crisis, and corporate governance. Credit card is also major factor in which different kinds of frauds occurred. In this review will discuss about types of credit card fraud and its classification based on different machine learning methods. Also gives the future direction for cash-out fraud detection method.
|
941 |
Please write an abstract with title: Using Remote Sensing Images and Cloud Services on Aws to Improve Land Use and Cover Monitoring, and key words: Remote sensing, Earth, Monitoring, Cloud computing, Artificial satellites, Forestry, Spatial resolution. Abstract: The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) produces official information about deforestation as well as land use and cover in the country, based on remote sensing images. The current open data policy adopted by many space agencies and governments worldwide provided access to petabytes of remote sensing images. To properly deal with this vast amount of images, novel technologies have been proposed and developed based on cloud computing and big data systems. This paper describes the INPE's initiatives in using remote sensing images and cloud services of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) infrastructure to improve land use and cover monitoring.
|
942 |
Please write an abstract with title: Unveiling the Mystery of API Evolution in Deep Learning Frameworks: A Case Study of Tensorflow 2, and key words: Deep learning, Industries, Documentation, Market research, Libraries, Software engineering. Abstract: API developers have been working hard to evolve APIs to provide more simple, powerful, and robust API libraries. Although API evolution has been studied for multiple domains, such as Web and Android development, API evolution for deep learning frameworks has not yet been studied. It is not very clear how and why APIs evolve in deep learning frameworks, and yet these are being more and more heavily used in industry. To fill this gap, we conduct a large-scale and in-depth study on the API evolution of Tensorflow 2, which is currently the most popular deep learning framework. We first extract 6,329 API changes by mining API documentation of Tensorflow 2 across multiple versions and mapping API changes into functional categories on the Tensorflow 2 framework to analyze their API evolution trends. We then investigate the key reasons for API changes by referring to multiple information sources, e.g., API documentation, commits and StackOverflow. Finally, we compare API evolution in non-deep learning projects to that of Tensorflow 2, and identify some key implications for users, researchers, and API developers.
|
943 |
Please write an abstract with title: Input Voltage Feedforward Control Technique for DC/DC Converters to Avoid Instability in DC Grids, and key words: Impedance, Damping, Power system stability, Load modeling, Circuit stability, Stability criteria, Oscillators. Abstract: DC grids are becoming more popular due to the penetration of renewables and storage systems that work at dc. In dc grids, most of the loads are connected through dc/dc converters, when their power does not change they behave as constant power loads (CPLs). It is known that CPLs have a small-signal negative resistance which can produce instabilities in dc grids. Methods to mitigate instabilities include damping (or lossy) elements in the input port of the dc/dc converters, and parallel converters to mitigate potential oscillations. In this article, a new feedforward technique from the input port is included in the control signal to modify the load-end dc/dc converter input admittance. Thus, CPL behavior is only canceled in the potential unstable frequency range with a small impact on the input-to-output voltage rejection. This article explains in a comprehensive way, how to cancel the negative impedance using a simple feedforward technique. The proposal mitigates oscillations in the dc grid without increasing the complexity of the system or adding dissipative elements. Simulations in complex dc grids with several devices validate the results. Finally, experimental results in a 2000-W test bench verify the proposal.
|
944 |
Please write an abstract with title: An information gain and grammar complexity based approach to attribute selection in speech enabled information retrieval dialogs, and key words: Information retrieval, Speech recognition, Target recognition, Marketing and sales, Electronic commerce, Speech synthesis, Automatic speech recognition, Acoustic measurements, Length measurement, Gain measurement. Abstract: An effective dialog driven method is required for today's speech enabled information retrieval systems, such as name dialers. Similar to the dynamic sales dialog for electronic commerce scenarios, information gain measure based approaches are widely used for attribute selection and dialog length reduction. However, for speech enabled information retrieval systems, another important factor influencing attribute selection is speech recognition accuracy. Too low accuracy results in a failed dialog. Recognition accuracy varies with many issues, including acoustic model performance and grammar complexity. The acoustic model is fixed for a whole dialog, while grammar is different for each interaction round, thereby grammar complexity influences the attribute selected for the next question. An approach combining both information gain measurement and grammar complexity is presented for a dynamic dialog driven system. Offline evaluations show that this approach can give a trade-off between the target of faster discrimination of the candidates for retrieval and higher recognition accuracy.
|
945 |
Please write an abstract with title: Study on development of 110kV vacuum circuit breaker in China, and key words: Circuit breakers, Interrupters, Magnetic fields, Vacuum systems, Coils, Manufacturing, Actuators, Vacuum technology, Medium voltage, Electrodes. Abstract: The current situation in the application of vacuum circuit breakers in China was investigated in addition to the analysis of their future prospects in the developed countries. Furthermore, practical significance and possible conditions in the exploration of vacuum circuit breaker in China were verified. Also, the manufacturing and design base will be set up in China soon, and the preparative works of designing and making vacuum interrupters and actuators are underway.
|
946 |
Please write an abstract with title: Precision Timing with LYSO:Ce Crystals and SiPM Sensors in the CMS MTD Barrel Timing Layer, and key words: Temperature measurement, Particle beams, Large Hadron Collider, Measurement by laser beam, Prototypes, Detectors, Crystals. Abstract: The CMS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is undergoing an extensive Phase II upgrade program to prepare for the challenging conditions of the High-Luminosity LHC. A new timing detector in CMS will measure minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) with a time resolution of 30-40 ps for MIP signals at a rate of 2.5 Mhit/s per channel at the beginning of HL-LHC operation. The precision time information from this detector will be used to reduce the effects of the high levels of pileup expected at the HL-LHC, bringing new capabilities to the CMS detector. The central barrel part of the detector, Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will be based on LYSO:Ce crystals read out with SiPMs with TOFHIR ASICs for the front-end readout. The BTL will use elongated crystal bars, read out by a SiPM on each end of the crystal, in order to maximize detector performance within the constraints of space, cost, and channel count. This geometry enables to cover large surfaces with a minimal active area of the photodetectors, thus reducing noise and power consumption. The conceptual design of BTL have been validated with measurements with test beam of high energy particles. The close to final prototypes of the detector modules and readout electronics have been produced and are being tested.
|
947 |
Please write an abstract with title: Transient modeling and analysis of pulse-width modulated Z-source inverter, and key words: Transient analysis, Pulse width modulation inverters, Pulse inverters, Pulse modulation, Voltage, Impedance, Transient response, Steady-state, Coupling circuits, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: The newly proposed Z-source inverter has been proven in the literature to exhibit both steady-state voltage buck and boost capabilities using a unique LC impedance network coupled between the power source and converter circuit. This paper now presents transient modeling and analysis of a voltage-type Z-source inverter. These aspects are found to be challenging and they need to be carefully investigated before attempting to design advanced control algorithms for controlling the Z-source inverter. Through detailed analysis, the paper identifies several phenomena on the DC and AC-sides of the inverter, which would result in the inverter having an inferior non-minimum-phase transient response. The DC-side phenomenon is associated with the Z-source impedance network, which is shown through small-signal and signal-flow-graph analyses to be having a right-half-plane zero in its control-to-output transfer function. Also, the AC-side phenomenon is shown through space vector analysis to depend on the time intervals of inverter states used for reconstructing the desired inverter output voltage. Based on the AC vectorial analysis, a method for improving the inverter transient response is also presented. Lastly, simulation results obtained using a switching-functional model and experimental results obtained using a laboratory prototype are presented for validating the described theoretical concepts.
|
948 |
Please write an abstract with title: IoT based Emergency Vehicle Communication System, and key words: Information science, Communication systems, Vehicle-to-infrastructure, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Sensor systems, Sensors, Safety. Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is a developing technology now a days. It is being developed in order to provide a safer and smoother experience of travelling. It is classified into two categories one being Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication and the other is Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Communication. In this project, we have developed a system that is based on V2V and V2I technologies, which creates communication architecture to automatic management of traffic by helping emergency vehicles such as ambulance and fire brigade to select the route with less congestion based on the data sent by the sensors. During any type of difficulty, traffic jam or complication, the developed system will respond and forward the necessary information about traffic congestion, sending the route status updates to the vehicle display for driver. Moreover, the system also responds and generates an emergency message at the central node if the emergency vehicle meets an accident.
|
949 |
Please write an abstract with title: Efficient tracking of cyclic human motion by component motion, and key words: Humans, Motion analysis, Particle filters, Kernel, Target tracking, Monte Carlo methods, Particle tracking, Legged locomotion, Bayesian methods, Motion estimation. Abstract: A set of techniques are presented for Bayesian tracking of cyclic human motion based on decomposing a complex cyclic motion into component motions. Phases of the component motions are defined and two different mechanisms for coupling the phases are described: importance sampling and an observation model. The intensity of coupling is adaptively adjusted during tracking such that strong coupling is triggered during self-occlusion. Tracking of a walking human using motion decomposition and phase coupling is performed with an improved particle filter called the approximate kernel particle filter. We show that our approach handles foreign object occlusion and self-occlusion with improved accuracy and efficiency compared with conventional tracking without decomposition.
|
950 |
Please write an abstract with title: Constructing the topological solution of jigsaw puzzles, and key words: Shape, Costs, Topology, Testing, Digital images, Focusing, Computer vision, Noise robustness. Abstract: In this paper we present a novel approach to the jigsaw puzzle solving problem. The main components are a shape based local contour matching followed by a global solving procedure that constructs the topological solution of the jigsaw puzzle. The shape based local contour matching is discussed briefly, but the main focus of the paper is the construction of the topological solution. The solving procedure starts with the classification of the puzzle pieces. Next, the edge topology is constructed and finally the internal topology is constructed. We tested the developed algorithms on five different jigsaw puzzles. Ultimately, we were able to solve a jigsaw puzzle consisting of 300 puzzle pieces, the largest one solved automatically to date.
|
951 |
Please write an abstract with title: Robust multitask Elliptical Regression (ROMER), and key words: Robustness, Covariance matrices, Estimation, Optimization, Mathematical model, Task analysis, Rivers. Abstract: Multitask regression, and in particular the setting where each task is data starved, is a common challenge in machine learning and signal processing. The goal in such cases is to leverage the correlation or joint structure between the tasks in order to gain higher accuracy. In realistic settings the underlying distribution is often heavy-tailed or contaminated and requires the use of robust statistics. To enjoy the benefits of both, we interpret multitask regression as estimation of the parameters of a multivariate conditional distribution. This naturally leads to RObust Multitask Elliptical Regression (ROMER), and allows for robust estimation in the predictive or conditional multitask setting. Following the introduction of the model, we characterize the optimization landscape, and demonstrate its efficacy in a real-world problem of river discharge estimation across multiple river sites.
|
952 |
Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Resource Scheduling Of Container-based Edge IoT Agents, and key words: Wireless communication, Processor scheduling, Time series analysis, Containers, Tools, Dynamic scheduling, Real-time systems. Abstract: With the advent of the 5G era and the smart grid era, in order to achieve high reliability of grid power supply efficiency, the combination of power Internet of Things with artificial intelligence, edge computing, and advanced communication technologies is the basis for the interconnection of everything in the smart grid era. As an important tool for edge computing-oriented perceptual access implementation, edge IoT agents can not only have gateway functions such as protocol conversion and data collection, but also carry applications including edge-side data storage and stream data processing, intelligent reasoning decision-making, etc. service. Traditional edge IoT agents mostly use heavyweight virtual machines as the implementation technology, and the applications provided are tightly coupled, and they cannot achieve mutual isolation and independent deployment between applications. Therefore, this paper uses lightweight virtualized Docker container technology to deploy services and build an edge IoT agent platform based on Docker containers. At the same time, facing real-time changing access requirements, edge IoT agent clusters may have the problem of limited container load. We propose a dynamic container scheduling method to improve the access carrying capacity of container clusters and ensure the high availability of edge IoT agents.
|
953 |
Please write an abstract with title: Real-time server-based communication with CAN, and key words: Job shop scheduling, Network servers, Bandwidth, Timing, Real time systems, Communication system control, Associate members, Dynamic scheduling, Communication networks, Runtime. Abstract: This paper investigates the concept of share-driven scheduling of networks using servers with real-time properties. Share-driven scheduling provides fairness and bandwidth isolation between predictable as well as unpredictable streams of messages on the network. The need for this kind of scheduled real-time communication network is high in applications that have requirements on flexibility, both during development for assigning communication bandwidth to different applications, and during run-time to facilitate dynamic addition and removal of system components. We illustrate the share-driven scheduling concept by applying it to the popular controller area network (CAN). We propose a scheduling mechanism that we call simple server-scheduled CAN (S/sup 3/-CAN), for which we also present an associated timing analysis. Additionally, we present a variant of S/sup 3/-CAN called periodic server-scheduled CAN (PS/sup 2/-CAN), which for some network configurations gives lower worst-case response-times than S/sup 3/-CAN. Also for this improvement, a timing analysis is presented. Moreover, we use simulation to evaluate the timing performance of both S/sup 3/-CAN and PS/sup 2/-CAN, comparing them with other scheduling mechanisms.
|
954 |
Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Fuzzy Control of a Class of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Fuzzy control, Adaptation models, Adaptive systems, Force, Linearization techniques, Control systems, Numerical simulation. Abstract: This paper presents a data-driven adaptive fuzzy control (DDAFC) method for a class of unknown discrete-time non-linear systems. First a virtual data-driven controller is derived via a dynamic linearization technique, which is in the dynamically incremental form with the so-called pseudo-partial derivative (PPD). Then the virtual data-driven controller is represented by a fuzzy model with the PPD vector being approximated, where the fuzzy weights are tuned online via the input-output data of the closed-loop control system. The stability analysis shows that the fuzzy adaptive controller can force the original unknown nonlinear system to track the reference signal with a uniformly ultimately bounded tracking error, and besides, the fuzzy weights, the PPD estimate of the plant, and the control input are all bounded. The advantage and effectiveness of the proposed method are shown by the numerical simulation example.
|
955 |
Please write an abstract with title: Energy Efficient Workflow Scheduling of Cloud Services Using Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization, and key words: Energy consumption, Program processors, Processor scheduling, Dynamic scheduling, Resource management, Task analysis, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: Cloud computing is undoubtedly one of the most prominent and fastest growing distributed computing paradigm It enables virtualized software, platforms, computation and storage to be promptly provisioned, scaled and released instantaneously. Supported applications involve fields such as high-energy physics, astronomy, bioinformatics, structural biology, seismology, which are complex areas with tasks that need to be organized and processed as scientific workflows. In order to routinely allocate and deal with the execution of dependent tasks on connected resources, workflow scheduling should consider various criteria, such as minimizing cost and maximizing resource use while still meeting the user-specified overall deadlines. This paper aims to implement workflow scheduling using combined chaotic Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) heuristic to optimize the scheduling efficiency by (a) specifying a model for task-resource allocation to reduce the overall energy consumption using the Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) technique; and (b) developing a heuristic that uses combined chaotic PSO to solve task resource allocation based on the proposed model. Our approach is simulated and validated using a complex workflow application.
|
956 |
Please write an abstract with title: An embedded mechatronic system for wireless servo control, and key words: Mechatronics, Servosystems, Communication system control, Control systems, Hardware, System testing, Mechanical systems, Servomechanisms, Microcontrollers, Radio frequency. Abstract: This paper demonstrates one of the first implementations of wireless servo control for mechanical systems. The novel elimination of the physical connection between the controller and the system can facilitate less restrictive hardware layout designs in many control systems. In this work, a low-cost wireless servo system was successfully created and tested using embedded microcontrollers and radio frequency communication hardware. In preliminary testing, the system showed good response for a DC motor controlled with simple feedback algorithms running with approximately a 30Hz sample rate.
|
957 |
Please write an abstract with title: Embedded Mobile ROS Platform for SLAM Application with RGB-D Cameras, and key words: Cameras, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Navigation, Feature extraction, Robot vision systems. Abstract: Mapping and localization are essential for various robotic applications. Without a GPS signal, indoor navigation remains a challenging task. With recent progress in machine learning, embedded systems, and sensor technologies it has become practical to use computer vision algorithms to perform localization and mapping tasks on low power, portable robots. The focus of this project was to create a tracked vehicle with autonomous navigation capabilities for use in traversing difficult terrain. Such an unpredictable environment posing additional challenges to our navigation system. Navigation is achieved via processing source stereo image provided by an Intel RealSense D435i depth camera using the NVidia Jetson Nano, a CUDA-enabled single-board computer. The design heavily relies on the usage of the Robot Operating System (ROS) and Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms to enable flexibility in future feature expansion and ease of communication.
|
958 |
Please write an abstract with title: Iterative design of a cylinder-based beam-shaping mirror pair for use in a gyrotron internal quasi-optical mode converter, and key words: Mirrors, Gyrotrons, Phase shifters, Testing, Design methodology, Beams, Electromagnetic waveguides, Process design, Shape, Scattering. Abstract: Some gyrotrons use an internal launcher and a series of mirrors to shape the cavity mode into a Gaussian beam at the output. We discuss the design and cold testing of a pair of iteratively designed cylinder-based beam-shaping mirrors to transform the launcher output into a Gaussian beam at the output. One additional weakly curved planar-based mirror directs the beam out of the gyrotron window.
|
959 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Calculation Model of Charge and Discharge Capacity of Electric Vehicle Cluster Based on Trip Chain, and key words: Vehicle-to-grid, Gaussian distribution, Frequency control, Load modeling, Discharges (electric), Probability density function. Abstract: The rapid response characteristics and high-speed growth of electric vehicles (EVs) demonstrate its potential to provide auxiliary frequency regulation services for independent system operators through vehicle-to-grid (V2G). However, due to the spatiotemporal random dynamics of travel behavior, it is challenging to evaluate the ability of EV cluster to provide ancillary services under the premise of reaching the expected state of charge (SOC) level. To address this issue, a novel calculation model of charge and discharge capacity of EV cluster based on trip chain with excellent parallel computing performance is presented in this work. Following the introduction of the characteristic variables of the proposed trip chain model, the user's continuous travel behavior in a time scale of several weeks is simulated. In particular, a bidirectional V2G scheduling strategy based on the five-zone map is designed to guide the charging and discharging behavior of EVs, where the expected SOC levels are guaranteed. The results of a 3-week travel simulation verify the effectiveness of the presented model in coordinating the V2G scheme and calculating the charge and discharge capacity of the EV cluster.
|
960 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Calculation Model of Buried Cable Ratings based on Distributed Temperature Sensors, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Costs, Mechatronics, Soil measurements, Soil, Boundary conditions. Abstract: This paper presented a fast calculation model of underground cable ratings based on distributed temperature sensors (DTS). Using the finite element method (FEM), the DTS temperature measurement results are taken as the first boundary condition to calculate the temperature field of the cable body. Obtaining the conductor core temperature, the steady cable rating is calculated by the secant method. This fast calculation model retains the advantages of high precision of conventional FEM, and reduces the calculation amount by avoiding modeling soil around the cable. The accuracy of the model was verified in COMSOL. Compared with IEC60287, This fast calculation model has a positive significance to reduce the cost of cable and maintain the safe and stable operation of cables.
|
961 |
Please write an abstract with title: Modelling of Electric Vehicle Direct Current Fast Charging Station, and key words: Reactive power, Technological innovation, Simulation, Capacitors, Transportation, Charging stations, Power system harmonics. Abstract: Electric vehicle adoption continues to rise which can be accelerated by expansion in the direct current fast charger (DCFC), dc fast-charging infrastructure for sustainable transportation. This paper presents a bidirectional dc charging station employing a blocking capacitor-based DAB converter and active front-end converter. The designed system is meticulously designed to meet desired requirements such as unity power factor, lower harmonics, and controlled power supply. The simulated system provides a controlled 40kw power supply with bidirectional power flow.
|
962 |
Please write an abstract with title: Recognition and Prediction of Surgical Gestures and Trajectories Using Transformer Models in Robot-Assisted Surgery, and key words: Surgery, Estimation, Kinematics, Gesture recognition, Predictive models, Activity recognition, Transformers. Abstract: Surgical activity recognition and prediction can help provide important context in many Robot-Assisted Surgery (RAS) applications, for example, surgical progress monitoring and estimation, surgical skill evaluation, and shared control strategies during teleoperation. Transformer models were first developed for Natural Language Processing (NLP) to model word sequences and soon the method gained popularity for general sequence modeling tasks. In this paper, we propose the novel use of a Transformer model for three tasks: gesture recognition, gesture prediction, and trajectory prediction during RAS. We modify the original Transformer architecture to be able to generate the current gesture sequence, future gesture sequence, and future trajectory sequence estimations using only the current kinematic data of the surgical robot end-effectors. We evaluate our proposed models on the JHU-ISI Gesture and Skill Assessment Working Set (JIGSAWS) and use Leave-One-User-Out (LOUO) cross validation to ensure generalizability of our results. Our models achieve up to 89.3% gesture recognition accuracy, 84.6% gesture prediction accuracy (1 second ahead) and 2.71mm trajectory prediction error (1 second ahead). Our models are comparable to and able to outperform state-of-the-art methods while using only the kinematic data channel. This approach can enable near-real time surgical activity recognition and prediction.
|
963 |
Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of PV Variability as a Function of PV Generation and Plant Size, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Meters, Renewable energy sources, Fluctuations, Systems operation, Surfaces, Nonhomogeneous media. Abstract: The deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to show significant expansion; however, this growth has brought added attention to issues around the variability of the solar resource. Both spatial and temporal variability exist. Temporal scales can range from the sub-second to multiyear, whereas spatial scales can range from a few meters to tens of kilometers. There are multiple methods described in the literature to quantify PV variability at various spatial and temporal scales. This study focuses on short-term temporal variability and uses similar approaches with the addition of PV plant size a parameter to quantify variability. The method employed here incorporates the normalization of clear-and cloudy-sky conditions and PV plant size to quantify nominal variability metrics. The distribution and fluctuations of these metrics provide relevant information that is useful for system operations. The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) is used to simulate PV variability as a function of PV generation and plant size. Hypothetical but realistic system information at 33 locations is used to model PV generation by feeding NSRDB solar irradiance data to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s System Advisor Model (SAM). Over the selected region, it is found that the aggregated ramp rates for the 1-minute data are associated with standard deviations ranging from 0.002–0.055 on a daily basis; however, hourly intervals induce higher aggregated ramp rates than the other timescales. Even though minute-to-minute variations are significant for the 1-minute time-scale, the standard deviation aggregated into a daily metric is smaller because of the cancellation of values.
|
964 |
Please write an abstract with title: Sistema inteligente para la detección de fallas basado en redes profundas auto-ajustables, and key words: Bayes methods. Abstract: La creciente complejidad de los sistemas industri-ales ha fomentado el surgimiento de nuevas técnicas de análisis de datos para apoyar a los procesos de toma de decisiones. Concretamente, los modelos basados en redes neuronales pro-fundas constituyen una alternativa promisoria para diversas aplicaciones de detección, clasificación y predicción de defectos o fallas que abarca aplicaciones desde el control de calidad de los productos, identificación de defectos en los procesos en una línea de producción hasta predicción de fallas de los equipos tecnologicós. Sin embargo, el exitó de dichos modelos depende sensiblemente de la elección de sus hiper-parametrós para lo cual se requiere de un exhaustivo proceso de configuración que, hoy en día, demanda un alto grado de conocimiento experto. En este contexto, el presente trabajo propone un Sistema Inteligente basado en redes neuronales profundas, dotado con un sistema de auto-ajuste de sus hiper-parametrós, para la detección de defectos y fallas. Dicho sistema integra un algoritmo de Optimización Bayesiana para encontrar la combinación optima de los hiper- párametros que permita alcanzar el mejor desempeño posible del sistema. El sistema inteligente propuesto se prueba en dos casos de estudio de diferente naturaleza y los resultados alcanzado demuestran la efectividad de la propuesta.
|
965 |
Please write an abstract with title: Tests of the first RITS PFL and cell, and key words: Testing, Radiography, Pulse shaping methods, Voltage, Brightness, Induction generators, Accelerator architectures, Pulse generation, Dielectrics, Feeds. Abstract: The Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS) is designed to demonstrate a modular Inductive Voltage Adder accelerator architecture approach to high brightness flash radiography. Multiple, fast (10 ns) rise time, square (70 ns) 1.35-MV, 7.8-Ohm pulses are generated in parallel water dielectric pulse forming and shaping lines, then are added in series with induction cells to form a single high voltage drive pulse. The Metglas-core induction cell has a novel single point feed and tapered azimuthal transmission line to distribute the incoming pulse uniformly around the magnetically insulated vacuum bore of the cell without adding to the pulse rise time. The core induction cells are threaded with an inner vacuum coaxial electrode, which terminates in a high brightness electron beam diode where the bremsstrahlung radiographic source is generated. The first pulse forming line (PFL) and induction cell of the 12 planned for the full RITS facility have been fabricated, assembled and tested at Sandia National Laboratories. The results of these tests are presented and are compared to the design simulation predictions.
|
966 |
Please write an abstract with title: A high efficiency and high power factor rectifier using the BHB type AC-DC converter with the transformer of asymmetrical secondary windings, and key words: Reactive power, Rectifiers, Circuits, Analog-digital conversion, DC-DC power converters, Low voltage, Frequency, Inductors, Harmonic distortion, IEC standards. Abstract: A high efficiency and high power factor AC-DC rectifier is proposed, which employs the combined circuit of boost and half-bridge (BHB) DC-DC converter that was recently developed to realize the high efficient DC-DC converter with low output voltage and is applied to AC-DC rectifier in this paper. The mechanism of reducing the commercial low frequency output voltage ripple is clarified and using a transformer of asymmetrical secondary windings, the current ripple through output inductor can be reduced. Furthermore, a novel rectifier circuit is proposed, which is used instead of bridge-diode rectifier for improving the power efficiency. As a result, the power efficiency is improved to 90.9% and low input current harmonic distortion factor satisfies IEC 61000-3-2 Class D when the AC input voltage and DC output are 100 V and 54 V/2 A, respectively.
|
967 |
Please write an abstract with title: Edge-Based Virtual Reality over 6G Terahertz Channels, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Simulation, Virtual reality, Reliability theory, Markov processes, Delays, Performance analysis, Cloud computing, Edge computing. Abstract: Recent advances in networking and computing technologies have led to an increased interest in considering computation and communication in a joint and distributed mode according to the computing in the network paradigm. Furthermore, the emergence of the sixth generation (6G) networks is profiling the ever more challenging applications' requirements imposed by the new era service classes. In order to guarantee efficient implementation and availability to the upcoming applications, characterized by stringent quality of experience requirements, an accurate network design and delay analysis is becoming mandatory to pursue efficient 6G network dimensioning and enable computing in the network-based applications. Toward this goal, this article proposes a suitable end-to-end delay performance analysis and reliability evaluation in the case of a 6G network offering virtual reality services, which is considered one of the most challenging technologies for the coming new era service classes. More in depth, the aim of the article is the formulation of the stochastic end-to-end delay bound by applying supermartingale envelopes in order to allow accurate VR reliability prediction in relation to the number of users linked to the same computing node with a specified service profile. The goodness and effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by providing comparison with simulation results and analytical predictions derived by resorting to the use of the classical Markov queueing theory.
|
968 |
Please write an abstract with title: Community Detection Algorithm for Heterogeneous Networks Based on Central Node and Seed Community Extension, and key words: Information science, Complex networks, Heterogeneous networks, Topology, Complexity theory, Detection algorithms, Time complexity. Abstract: In reality, most complex networks are heterogeneous and large-scale, they contain a variety of entity types and entity relationships, and their community structure often has the characteristics of overlap, complexity and diversity. The existing community detection algorithms do not fully consider the above characteristics, and the algorithm has low accuracy and large time complexity. In this paper, we study the community detection problem of large-scale heterogeneous complex networks based on general topology. We propose a multi-dimensional community detection algorithm Hete_M based on the community of central node, which can accurately detect the overlapping and heterogeneous communities of complex networks from multiple dimensions, has low time complexity and is suitable for large-scale heterogeneous complex networks.
|
969 |
Please write an abstract with title: Experimental and Computational Study of Simply Supported Thin Elastic Circular Plate under Forced Vibrations, and key words: Vibrations, Accelerometers, Shape, Aluminum, Wires, Frequency measurement, Acceleration. Abstract: In this research, vibration analysis of a thin elastic circular Aluminium plate has been investigated both experimentally and computationally. First six natural frequencies of thin Aluminium circular plate having diameter 220mm were calculated by performing modal analysis on ANSYS. In order to perform computational study, multizone quad/tri method was applied on the thin elastic circular plate to generate the quadrilateral mesh and simply supported boundary condition was applied. Mesh independence study was performed by varying the size of the mesh through sizing option and examining the natural frequency. To determine fundamental natural frequency experimentally, forced vibrations were induced into the plate with the help of system comprises of DC motor, steel wire and cam with the eccentricity of 8mm. The fundamental frequency of 100Hz was observed at maximum acceleration value of 1.14g measured with the help of accelerometer. For validation, values of numerically obtained natural frequencies were compared with theoretical method available in literature. Maximum percentage error of both frequencies is 0.64%, this validates accuracy of present study.
|
970 |
Please write an abstract with title: Book Reviews [7 books reviewed], and key words: Book reviews, Renewable energy sources, Hydroelectric power generation, Polymers, Power systems, Power measurement, Radio frequency. Abstract: The following seven books are reviewed: Handbook of Large Hydro Generators: Operation and Maintenance (Mottershead, G., et al; 2021); Heat Transfer—Principles and Applications (Forsberg, C.H.; 2021); Renewable Energy in Power Systems (Infield, D. and Freris, L.; 2020); Noise in Radio-Frequency Electronics and Its Measurement (Fouquet, F.; 2020); Polymers in Organic Electronics (Khalifeh, S.; 2020); Transient Analysis of Power Systems (Martinez-Velasco, J.A., ed.; 2020); and Lens Design Basics—Optical Design Problem-Solving in Theory and Practice (Gerhard, C.; 2020).
|
971 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Problem Of Moral Agency In Artificial Intelligence, and key words: Ethics, Decision making, Tools, Turning, Biology, Artificial intelligence, Probes. Abstract: Humans have invented intelligent machinery to enhance their rational decision-making procedure, which is why it has been named ‘augmented intelligence’. The usage of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasing enormously with every passing year, and it is becoming a part of our daily life. We are using this technology not only as a tool to enhance our rationality but also heightening them as the autonomous ethical agent for our future society. Norbert Wiener envisaged ‘Cybernetics’ with a view of a brain-machine interface to augment human beings' biological rationality. Being an autonomous ethical agent presupposes an ‘agency’ in moral decision-making procedure. According to agency's contemporary theories, AI robots might be entitled to some minimal rational agency. However, that minimal agency might not be adequate for a fully autonomous ethical agent's performance in the future. If we plan to implement them as an ethical agent for the future society, it will be difficult for us to judge their actual stand as a moral agent. It is well known that any kind of moral agency presupposes consciousness and mental representations, which cannot be articulated synthetically until today. We can only anticipate that this milestone will be achieved by AI scientists shortly, which will further help them triumph over ‘the problem of ethical agency in AI’. Philosophers are currently trying a probe of the pre-existing ethical theories to build a guidance framework for the AI robots and construct a tangible overview of artificial moral agency. Although, no unanimous solution is available yet. It will land up in another conflicting situation between biological, moral agency and autonomous ethical agency, which will leave us in a baffled state. Creating rational and ethical AI machines will be a fundamental future research problem for the AI field. This paper aims to investigate ‘the problem of moral agency in AI’ from a philosophical outset and hold a survey of the relevant philosophical discussions to find a resolution for the same.
|
972 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Decision Mechanism Uses the Multiple-Tests Scheme to Improve Test Yield in IC Testing, and key words: Testing, Manufacturing, Integrated circuits, Manufacturing processes, Integrated circuit modeling, Standards, Gaussian distribution. Abstract: This study aims to exploit an integrated-circuit (IC) testing model based on a statistical simulation method to evaluate the test yield and quality of IC products. Using normal probability distributions of product properties, we digitally analyzed IC yield and quality, introduced testing threshold and guardband, and assessed various parameters' influence on outcomes. Because future manufacturing speed is unpredictable, we used current manufacturing technology and existing-product electrical properties to estimate future product-distribution trends. Since the progress of developmental improvements for testing technologies has been slow, it has become a greater challenge for a supplier to determine the use of existing instruments and tools to achieve quality products with near-zero defects. To improve product quality, a new scheme of Multiple tests has been proposed. Moreover, we used a set of parameters from the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) to demonstrate the proposed Multiple testing, and to show that the test yield can be improved while attaining the desired quality.
|
973 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Improved C4.5 Algorithm using Principle of Equivalent of Infinitesimal and Arithmetic Mean Best Selection Attribute for Large Dataset, and key words: Classification algorithms, Decision trees, Data mining, Time complexity, Training, Computer science, Complexity theory. Abstract: Scaling up the data-mining classification algorithms to very large datasets has been attracting growing interest now a days. Many techniques have been employed to improve those algorithms but efficient data-mining classification algorithms that have a minimal decrease in accuracy with little increase in time complexity remain very important. The C4.5 algorithm is one of the data mining classification algorithms that have been used for uncovering hidden patterns and gleaning useful and novel knowledge in such large datasets. This work proposes a new C4.5 data mining algorithm with a lesser time complexity for large dataset compared with traditional C.45 algorithm, but however for smaller dataset traditional C.45 algorithm has lesser time complexity. The new algorithm was improved using Principle of Equivalent of Infinitesimal and Arithmetic Mean Best Selection Attribute.
|
974 |
Please write an abstract with title: Policy-Dependent and Policy-Independent Static Reduction of Stochastic Dynamic Teams and Games and Fragility of Equivalence Properties, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Conferences, Games. Abstract: In stochastic control, information structure arguments have been crucial for stochastic analysis. Such an approach is often called static reduction in dynamic team theory (or decentralized stochastic control) and has been an effective method for establishing existence and approximation results for optimal policies. In this paper, we classify such static reductions into three categories: (i) those that are policy-independent (introduced by Witsenhausen in [17]), (ii) those that are policy-dependent (introduced by Ho and Chu [7], [8] for partially nested dynamic teams), and (iii) static measurement with control-sharing reduction (where the measurements become static although control actions are shared according to the partially nested information structure). For these reductions, while there exist bijection relationships between glob-ally optimal solutions of dynamic teams and their reductions, in general there is no bijection for person-by-person optimal policies. We also establish a similar result (but not identical) concerning stationary solutions. We present sufficient conditions under which bijection relationships hold. Under static measurement with control-sharing reduction, connections between optimality concepts can be established under relaxed conditions. An implication is a convexity characterization of dynamic teams under static measurement with control-sharing reduction. Some counterparts for stochastic games are also discussed.
|
975 |
Please write an abstract with title: A hardware/software partitioning algorithm for SIMD processor cores, and key words: Hardware, Partitioning algorithms, Software algorithms, Image processing, Application software, Assembly, Timing, Pixel, Software systems, Signal synthesis. Abstract: This paper proposes a new hardware/software partitioning algorithm for processor cores with SIMD instructions. Given a compiled assembly code including SIMD instructions, a timing constraint of execution time, and available hardware units, the proposed algorithm synthesizes an area-optimized processor core with a new assembly code. Firstly, we assume an initial processor core on which an input assembly code can run with the shortest execution time. Secondly we reduce a hardware unit added to a processor core one by one while the timing constraint is satisfied. At the same time, we update the assembly code so that it can run on the new processor configuration. By repeating this process, we finally obtain a processor core architecture with small area under the given timing constraint. We expect that vie can obtain a processor core which has appropriate SIMD functional units for running the input application program. The promising experimental results are also shown.
|
976 |
Please write an abstract with title: Gesture Recognition Based on Attention and Dilated Causal Convolution, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Convolution, Computational modeling, Time series analysis, Gesture recognition, Feature extraction, Real-time systems. Abstract: In recent years, based on surface electromyography (sEMG), great progress has been made in gesture recognition tasks, which is significant to the study of computer interaction and prosthesis control. Prior to this, many researches have focused on feature selection and time series modeling of data. However, it is difficult and complicated to manually perform feature extraction and feature selection on data. Besides, most of the time series modeling is based on recurrent neural networks with memory cell, that is, Long Short-term Memory (LSTM). Even though LSTM has memory gate, but cannot completely records historical information. In this paper, to address the above problems, we propose a Temporal Convolutional Network based on Attention mechanism (ATCN), in which Attention is used to characterize temporal features, and dilated causal convolution to capture more historical information. ATCN achieves 95.26% accuracy with this method on the public dataset NinaPro DB2, which exceeds the state-of-the-art accuracy of 5%. The experiments show that this approach is feasible and effective for gesture recognition tasks. Our contributions are as follows: Firstly, Attention mechanism is introduced into the field of prosthetic control. Then, ATCN is proposed for gesture recognition. Finally, ATCN achieves better results than LSTM on multiple public datasets.
|
977 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Versatile, Low-Cost UV Exposure System for Photolithography, and key words: Fabrication, Costs, Shape, Lithography, Energy resolution, Light emitting diodes, Sensor systems. Abstract: Research and fabrication of micro devices hold the key to low power devices, sensors and lab-on-a-chip systems which are in much need today for diagnosis, IOT etc. Cost of setting up a fabrication laboratory and conducting photolithography is high due to need of expensive equipment. We present a design of low-cost UV exposure system which can be used for both high resolution and low resolution photolithography. In first part, we present the study of irradiance distribution patterns of different UV LED arrangements. We use uniformity as a criterion for selecting the arrangement that gives the best illumination uniformity in largest area. The maximum, minimum and average exposure energy and uniformity have been presented. Using these results, we present an optimal system design for UV photolithography. The novelty of our work is simulating the UV exposure system for different parameters for making an optimal choice for a versatile system (high energy & low energy), different uniformity for different resolution to save power and have better control.
|
978 |
Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Spiking Neural Networks for Prediction of Traffic Congestion in Networks-on-Chip, and key words: Predictive models, Routing, Prediction algorithms, Neurons, Hardware, Throughput, Adaptation models. Abstract: Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is the most modular and scalable solution for next generation hardware communication where significant data traffic loads are shared across many communication paths. One key challenge in maximising NoC performance is traffic congestion. The management of congestion at the earliest stage can significantly minimize the impact on NoC throughput. Prediction of NoC congestion offers a pre-emptive strategy in maximising NoC throughput. This paper proposes a novel spiking neural network (SNN) approach to prediction of traffic congestion. The proposed SNN exploits the temporal nature of the traffic to identify congestion patterns. The proposed SNN explores two models and both are trained and evaluated to predict local congestion 30 clock cycles in advance of occurring. Results shows that the SNN predictor utilizes 9 times less hardware area than previous approaches and can achieved up to 96.59% in accuracy.
|
979 |
Please write an abstract with title: AIS data – Enabler in Marine Spatial Planning, and key words: Measurement, Sea surface, Data analysis, Seaports, Planning, Trajectory, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Marine regions which dominate the surface of the Earth have a pivotal role in various aspects of life. It is, therefore, imperative that the marine regions and activities thereof be examined, planned and controlled for overall benefit. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is related to economy, ecology and environment and involves planning and segregation of marine areas for use considering overall dynamics. Key elements in this are the vessels that traverse the marine regions that can be monitored using the Automatic Identification System (AIS). To analyse AIS data, various steps need to be undertaken, which range from the initial preparation of the data right up to determining insights using data analytic techniques. This paper examines the relevance of AIS data to MSP, bringing out the data analytics techniques that are generally used in this context, along with certain enhancements and recommended frameworks. Planning beyond the coast MSP is proposed with an example of Bunkering. In addition, optimisation of DBSCAN by considering extrinsic parameters to assist in better trajectory analysis for use in MSP activities is also proposed.
|
980 |
Please write an abstract with title: Non-stationary signal parametric modeling techniques with an application to low bit rate audio coding, and key words: Parametric statistics, Bit rate, Audio coding, Matching pursuit algorithms, Signal processing, Image coding, Transient analysis, Signal analysis, Fading, Acoustic noise. Abstract: Low bit rate audio coding often relies on Fourier representation despite its limitations for transient signal modeling. This study proposes alternative decompositions and expansion strategies that lead to more accurate modeling. Two classes of methods are considered, subspace decomposition methods, and atomic decomposition methods and their performances are compiled to propose an audio modeling scheme amenable to low bit rate coding.
|
981 |
Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting wireless broadcast in spatially correlated sensor networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Broadcasting, Intelligent networks, Data compression, Linear programming, Batteries, Relays, Computer networks, Power engineering and energy, Energy conservation. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless medium for energy conservation in spatially correlated wireless sensor networks. Since wireless transmission is inherently-broadcast when one sensor node transmits, other nodes in its coverage area can receive the transmitted data. When data collected by different sensors are correlated, each sensor can utilize the data it overhears from other sensors to compress its own data and conserve energy in its own transmissions. We apply this idea to a class of cluster-based wireless sensor networks and formulate the problem of optimizing the lifetimes of all nodes in each cluster. By optimal, we mean that any other policy cannot increase the lifetime of the node which dies first. We show that this optimization problem can be structured as a linear programming problem. We also propose a heuristic policy, which has low complexity and achieves near optimal performance.
|
982 |
Please write an abstract with title: Ensemble Random Forests Classifier for Detecting Coincidentally Correct Test Cases, and key words: Forestry, Radio frequency, Machine learning, Testing, Training, Support vector machines, Principal component analysis. Abstract: The performance of coverage-based fault localization greatly depends on the quality of test cases being executed. These test cases execute some lines of the given program and determine whether the underlying tests are passed or failed. In particular, some test cases may be well-behaved (i.e., passed) while executing faulty statements. These test cases, also known as coincidentally correct test cases, may negatively influence the performance of the spectra-based fault localization and thus be less helpful as a tool for the purpose of automated debugging. In other words, the involvement of these coincidentally correct test cases may introduce noises to the fault localization computation and thus cause in divergence of effectively localizing the location of possible bugs in the given code. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach of ensemble learning combined with a supervised learning algorithm namely, Random Forests (RF) for the purpose of correctly identifying test cases that are mislabeled to be the passing test cases. A cost-effective analysis of flipping the test status or trimming (i.e., eliminating from the computation) the coincidental correct test cases is also reported.
|
983 |
Please write an abstract with title: Error-Aware SCFlip Decoding of Polar Codes, and key words: Decoding, Cyclic redundancy check codes, Complexity theory, Phase change materials, Signal to noise ratio, Encoding, Generators. Abstract: The successive-cancellation flip (SCFlip) decoder and its variants provide a significant coding gain with the average complexity practically identical to that of the successive cancellation (SC) decoder in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). But, they suffer from high complexity and long latency when the SNR decreases, since the average number of extra decoding attempts becomes inevitably large. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel SCFlip decoder, called an error-aware SCFlip (EA-SCFlip) decoder, for distributed cyclic-redundancy-check (CRC) polar codes. Based on the distributed CRC bits, it employs early termination at each extra decoding attempt so that it can reduce the decoding complexity and latency on the average. It also reduces the search space of candidate bit-flips in the dynamic building of the bit-flip list by exploiting the parity-check relationship (PCR) of the first error-detected CRC bit at each extra decoding attempt. Furthermore, we propose a greedy algorithm to design a distributed CRC code such that the obtained PCRs make the early-error-detection capability of the EA-SCFlip decoder as high as possible. Numerical results demonstrate that the EA-SCFlip decoder can indeed achieve an early termination gain as well as a complexity reduction, when a polar code is concatenated with the distributed CRC code designed by the proposed algorithm.
|
984 |
Please write an abstract with title: Sound texture modelling with linear prediction in both time and frequency domains, and key words: Predictive models. Abstract: Summary form only given. Sound textures, for instance a crackling fire, running water, or applause, constitute a large and largely neglected class of audio signals. Whereas tonal sounds have been effectively and flexibly modelled with sinusoids, aperiodic energy is usually modelled as white noise filtered to match the approximate spectrum of the original over 10-30 ms windows, which fails to provide a perceptually satisfying reproduction of many real-world noisy sound textures. We attribute this failure to the loss of short-term temporal structure, and we introduce a second modelling stage in which the time envelope of the residual from conventional linear predictive modelling is itself modelled with linear prediction in the spectral domain. This cascaded time- and frequency-domain linear prediction (CTFLP) leads to noise-excited resyntheses that have high perceptual fidelity. We perform a novel quantitative error analysis by measuring the proportional error within time-frequency cells across a range of timescales.
|
985 |
Please write an abstract with title: Time-Delayed Control for Automated Steering Wheel Tracking of Electric Power Steering Systems, and key words: Wheels, Stability criteria, Torque, Power systems, Estimation, Robustness. Abstract: We present a time-delayed control (TDC) approach that applies it to the electric power steering (EPS) system for the first time. The TDC approach uses a one-sample delayed information of the system to cancel out uncertain and unknown dynamics, including disturbances. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the dominant pole using the pole-assignment so that it can be easily performed in the desired convergence rate. Moreover, given that tuning parameters of the TDC approach are very few in number, this control approach is very convenient for the practicing engineers who do not have control engineering knowledge. We proved the system criteria for the TDC approach applied to the EPS system and hence can always guarantee the system stability. The effectiveness of the TDC approach is verified through simulations, which is compared to that of the existing control approach.
|
986 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Hierarchical Data-Driven Method for Event-Based Load Shedding Against Fault-Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery in Power Systems, and key words: Power system stability, Voltage control, Predictive models, Indexes, Load modeling. Abstract: Load shedding (LS) is an effective control strategy against voltage instability in power systems. With increasing uncertainties and complexity in modern power grids, there is a pressing need for faster and more accurate control decisions. In this article, a hierarchical data-driven method is proposed for the online prediction of event-based load shedding (ELS) against fault-induced delayed voltage recovery. The ELS problem is hierarchically modeled as a multi-output classification subproblem for identifying the best shedding location and a regression subproblem to predict the minimum shedding amount. To solve the two subproblems, the weighted kernel extreme learning machine is adopted to construct a direct mapping between the system pre-fault operating conditions and the corresponding control variables. The method is tested on the ELS database, which is analytically generated via a novel adaptive sensitivity-based process on the New England 39-bus system. Compared with other methods, the proposed method is very accurate in prediction with excellent control performance, which maintains superior prediction ability under an imbalanced data distribution.
|
987 |
Please write an abstract with title: A non-interactive verifiable computation model of perceptual layer data based on CP-ABE, and key words: Analytical models, Costs, Computational modeling, Data models, Safety, Internet of Things, Security. Abstract: The computing of smart devices at the perception layer of the power Internet of Things is often insufficient, and complex computing can be outsourced to server resources such as the cloud computing, but the allocation process is not safe and controllable. Under special constraints of the power Internet of Things such as multi-users and heterogeneous terminals, we propose a CP-ABE-based non-interactive verifiable computation model of perceptual layer data. This model is based on CP-ABE, NPOT, FHE and other relevant safety and verifiable theories, and designs a new multi-user non-interactive secure verifiable computing scheme to ensure that only users with the decryption key can participate in the execution of NPOT Scheme. In terms of the calculation process design of the model, we gave a detailed description of the system model, security model, plan. Based on the definition given, the correctness and safety of the non-interactive safety verifiable model design in the power Internet of Things environment are proved, and the interaction cost of the model is analyzed. Finally, it proves that the CP-ABE-based non-interactive verifiable computation model for the perceptual layer proposed in this paper has greatly improved security, applicability, and verifiability, and is able to meet the security outsourcing of computing in the power Internet of Things environment.
|
988 |
Please write an abstract with title: A class of ternary sequence sets having a zero-correlation zone for even and odd correlation functions, and key words: Error correction, Error correction codes, Interchannel interference, Multiaccess communication, Cities and towns, Autocorrelation, Equations, Signal design, Code division multiplexing, Electrons. Abstract: A class of ternary sequence sets having a zero-correlation zone (zcz) is presented, based on Hadamard matrix, is presented.
|
989 |
Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a traction induction motor drive operating under maximum efficiency and maximum torque per ampere conditions, and key words: Induction motor drives, Torque, Traction motors, Induction motors, Copper, Electric vehicles, Core loss, Motor drives, Stators, Inverters. Abstract: The efficiency of an induction motor drive plays an important role in energy conservation, especially for electric vehicle applications. For the most commonly referred motor drive efficiency indexes, maximum efficiency (or minimum loss) and maximum torque per Ampere, it was found that through theoretical derivation, these two indexes do not occur at the same point in most speed and torque conditions. Closed form solutions of the two indexes as a function of slip have been derived. Their corresponding currents are also derived for comparison purpose. A traction motor-inverter drive system has been designed and tested to verify the concept. The experimental results agree reasonably well with the theoretical prediction.
|
990 |
Please write an abstract with title: Prescribed Performance Sliding Mode Control for Safe De-Tumbling a Rolling Target by Eddy Current, and key words: Target tracking, Space debris, Systems operation, Sociology, Stability analysis, Safety, Trajectory. Abstract: Accelerated by in-orbit explosions, collisions and other fragmentation events, the population of space debris is increasing sharply. Many of these space debris are spinning at high speed. Traditional space capture technologies cannot directly capture the high speed spinning non-cooperative targets. In order to reduce the spinning speed of the target, eddy current break is considered as one of the most promising methods because of the non-contact nature. Unfortunately, efficiency and safety concerns prevent its further application in space. Focus on this issue, the desired trajectory is calculated in this paper with a perpendicular configuration between the chaser and the target. Meanwhile, the safety constraint is considered to eliminate potential collision risk. Furthermore, a sliding model control (SMC) is designed to guarantee the chaser tracking the desired trajectory, where prescribed performance function is adopted to ensure the state error within the safety constraint. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed control algorithm.
|
991 |
Please write an abstract with title: Automated Diagnostics of Early Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Neural Network Modeling Methods, and key words: Training, Optical losses, Pathology, Machine learning algorithms, Retinopathy, Optical coherence tomography, Neural networks. Abstract: The paper considers an automated system for analyzing data on diabetes mellitus and forming recommendations for the observation and treatment of patients with pathologies and diseases in the early stages. The analysis of the main methods of diagnostics of diabetic retinopathy has been carried out. The analysis of the use of artificial intelligence technologies based on machine learning in the study of clinical data of patients with diabetic retinopathy has been carried out. A convolutional neural network model was selected and used as the main tool for the diabetes data analysis system. An algorithm for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy in the early stages of the disease based on this model is described, and issues of assessing its quality are considered. The testing procedure is described and the results of the neural network training process for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy in the early stages of the disease are shown.
|
992 |
Please write an abstract with title: A dynamical approach to privacy preserving average consensus, and key words: Privacy, Nickel, Time-varying systems, Cryptography, Observability, Trajectory. Abstract: In this paper we propose a novel method for achieving average consensus in a continuous-time multiagent network while avoiding to disclose the initial states of the individual agents. In order to achieve privacy protection of the state variables, we introduce maps, called output masks, which alter the value of the states before transmitting them. These output masks are local (i.e., implemented independently by each agent), deterministic, time-varying and converging asymptotically to the true state. The resulting masked system is also time-varying and has the original (unmasked) system as its limit system. It is shown in the paper that the masked system has the original average consensus value as its only attractor. However, in order to preserve privacy, it cannot share an equilibrium point with the unmasked system, meaning that in the masked system the attractor cannot be also stable.
|
993 |
Please write an abstract with title: A QUBO Formulation For the K-densest Common Subgraph Isomorphism Problem Via Quantum Annealing, and key words: Computer science, Annealing, Conferences, Linear programming, Data engineering, Complexity theory. Abstract: In this paper, we extend the algorithm of [6] to solve the k-densest maximum common subgraph problem. By solving the k-densest maximum common subgraph isomorphism problem, we find high complexity common substructures between input graphs. We prove that our proposed objective function always gives the right answer to the corresponding QUBO problem.
|
994 |
Please write an abstract with title: DNN-based Sum-Rate Maximization of Multicell MISO Networks, and key words: Computers, Array signal processing, Simulation, Supervised learning, Neural networks, MISO communication, Information exchange. Abstract: A beamforming vector design based on a deep neural network (DNN) is proposed for multicell multi-input single-output channels with scalar information exchange and local channel state information (CSI). The beamforming vectors are designed making zero generating-interference to the selected interference-free users (IFUs). The set of IFUs is chosen by the DNN based on supervised learning where the inputs can be obtained with only local CSI and limited scalar information exchange. Simulation results show that the DNN is well-trained in estimating the unknown CSI from the inputs with only local CSI in multicell networks.
|
995 |
Please write an abstract with title: Issues of Ohmic Contacts in Human Medical Photon-Counting CT Detectors, and key words: Electron tubes, Computed tomography, Optical character recognition software, Cathodes, Ohmic contacts, Photonics, X-ray imaging. Abstract: Human medical computed tomography (CT) detectors based on photon-counting have to support high photon event rates and at the same time must not polarize. CZT/CdTe has become the most promising direct conversion material for this purpose and is in use on photon-counting CT prototype scanners at several CT manufacturers. An important design choice is the type of electrode contacts used. In the past, CdTe with Schottky contacts usually resulted in severe polarization already at low flux, while with ohmic contacts this was not observed giving rise to the view that ohmic contacts could help to reduce polarization. In our investigations toward CZT for high flux CT detectors, we found however that, despite a baseline restorer eliminating slowly changing additional currents efficiently, highly optimized CZT with ohmic contacts exhibited an unacceptable violation of the Poisson figure of merit “variance≤mean”, according to which the variance of the observed number of counts (OC) does not exceed the average of the OC (with the variance equaling the average at low flux). This violation is not observed with (semi)-blocking contacts. Based on a simple model for the mechanism of photoconduction known from the literature, two extreme cases are discussed. They both explain why the injection current causes additional noise in the number of observed counts due to the Poisson arrivals, which also modulate the injection current. For the second extreme case, the power spectral density of the injection current is estimated.
|
996 |
Please write an abstract with title: A proof of security of quantum key distribution in probabilistic clone scheme, and key words: Cloning, Protocols, Bit error rate, Information security, Privacy, Cryptography, Polarization, Probes, Information analysis, Quantum mechanics. Abstract: A probabilistic clone/resend attack strategy is proposed in this paper. Detailed analysis on the security of quantum key distribution under this attack strategy shows that the maximum information leaking to Eve is 83.4%, and the bit error rate of the sifted key is 16.6%. However, by either discarding the key distribution according to the security criteria of quantum bit error rate for quantum key distribution protocol or distilling a secret key with the privacy amplification technique, the quantum key distribution still has an asymptotic perfect security. Simulations on the procedure of quantum key distribution under the proposed attack strategy show the same results.
|
997 |
Please write an abstract with title: Light Control Smart Farm Monitoring System with Reflector Control, and key words: Servers, Sensors, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Monitoring, Control systems, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: This paper is on the implementation of a system that monitors and controls a smart farm using Arduino and DC motors. Light control in traditional smart farms uses artificial light such as LED lights to control brightness. However, this traditional method has high maintenance cost for continuously turning on artificial light. In this paper, we develop a system to control the amount of light inflow using the angle control of the reflector. Also, we monitor environmental information such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide(Co2), and light value for the optimum smart farm environment. The temperature is controlled using the ventilator and heater. Also, environmental data can be uploaded to the server in real-time to check the accumulated data on a chart, and we accumulate the optimal reflector angle data for more than one year. Since solar motion repeats every year, we can control the reflector according to this accumulated data. This system has been implemented as a server and mobile application that provides various sensors for environmental control, Arduino, Wemos for Wifi server upload, and a monitoring UI.
|
998 |
Please write an abstract with title: Photoluminescent and electroluminescent Zn/sub 2/Si/sub 0.5/Ge/sub 0.5/O/sub 4/:Mn thin films for integrated optic devices, and key words: Electroluminescence, Zinc, Optical films, Optical waveguides, Integrated optics, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Light sources, Annealing, Optical losses. Abstract: The optical, photoluminescent (PL), and electroluminescent (EL) properties of Zn/sub 2/Si/sub 0.5/Ge/sub 0.5/O/sub 4/:Mn (ZSG:Mn) have been studied in order to determine its viability as a light source for integrated optics systems. ZSG:Mn thin films were deposited at room temperature by RF-sputtering on Si substrates. EL devices (ELDs) were fabricated using transparent indium-tin oxide electrodes. ELDs using as-deposited ZSG:Mn films emitted bright orange light with a broad spectrum at 590-660 nm. Annealing at 700/spl deg/C resulted in a color shift to green emission in a band from 510 to 550 nm and peaking at 520 nm. Ridge waveguides fabricated by induction-coupled plasma etching yielded an optical loss of 3.8 dB/cm at 633 nm. Prism coupling experiments revealed a decrease in the film refractive index as the result of the anneal. The combination of strong PL, EL, and low waveguide loss demonstrates the strong potential of transition metal- and/or rare-earth-doped ZSG as a robust light source for integrated optic systems.
|
999 |
Please write an abstract with title: A 21.5/43-GHz dual-frequency balanced Colpitts VCO in SiGe technology, and key words: Voltage-controlled oscillators, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Frequency, Tuning, Phase noise, BiCMOS integrated circuits, Noise measurement, Phase measurement, Power generation. Abstract: A balanced Colpitts voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed and fabricated in a commercially available 0.25-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process. It has the characteristics of the push-push VCO, i.e., the VCO has simultaneously a differential output at a fundamental frequency of 21.5 GHz and a single-ended output at the second harmonic frequency of 43 GHz. A differential tuning technique is applied to reduce the phase noise. The measured phase noise at 1-MHz offset is -113 dBc/Hz at 21.5 GHz and -107 dBc/Hz at 43 GHz. The corresponding output power is about -6 and -17 dBm, respectively, with a 5% tuning range and a 130-mW dc power consumption.
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.