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] | 879,700 |
subjects from life. he again sketched jackson, who was by now president, as well as former president james madison, both in july 1833. he met many of the political leaders of the day, who were impressed by his portraits. among these advocates was the former vice president, south carolina senator john c. calhoun. in july 1832, niles'register described a longacre engraving, " one of the finest specimens of american advancement in the art ". longacre had married eliza stiles in 1827 ; between 1828, when their daughter sarah was born, and 1840, they had three boys and two girls. sales of the
| 570 |
[
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"long",
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".",
"according",
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",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re"
] | 879,701 |
gallery lagged due to the panic of 1837 ; longacre was forced to declare bankruptcy and travel through the southern and midwestern states, peddling his books from town to town, with his wife and elder daughter managing shipping and finances at home. later in 1837, he was able to return to philadelphia and open a banknote engraving firm with partners, toppan, draper, longacre & co. with great demand for engraving for notes being issued by state banks, the firm prospered, and had offices at 60 walnut street in philadelphia and a branch at 1 wall street in new york. according to snow, longacre
| 812 |
[
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",",
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"##y",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"did",
"not",
"attempt",
"to"
] | 879,702 |
was known as the best engraver in the country. = = = longacre engravings, 1819 – 1844 = = = = = chief engraver ( 1844 – 1869 ) = = gobrecht's death in july 1844 left the united states bureau of the mint ( generally, " mint " ) without a chief engraver. among those who hoped for appointment were philadelphia banknote engraver charles welsh, and allen leonard, who had modeled the mint's medal for former president john quincy adams. through the influence of senator calhoun, however, longacre secured the appointment. according to coin historian don taxay, longacre did not attempt to
| 877 |
[
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"position"
] | 879,703 |
gain the support of mint director robert m. patterson in seeking the appointment from president john tyler, and " if patterson resented the slight, however, he was more annoyed by leonard's importunities. " longacre was commissioned by president tyler on september 16, 1844 ; his was a recess appointment as the post of chief engraver required senate confirmation, and that body was not then sitting. tyler transmitted longacre's nomination to the senate on december 17, 1844, which confirmed longacre without recorded opposition on january 7, 1845. according to numismatist david lange, longacre was glad to get the position
| 1,155 |
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"for",
"private",
"medals",
"using"
] | 879,704 |
because engravers were receiving less work due to the advent of daguerrotype photography. according to coin dealer and author q. david bowers, upon appointment as chief engraver, longacre " found that he had entered a hornet's nest of intrigue, politics, and infighting, dominated by franklin peale, chief coiner since 1839 ". peale sent mint personnel to work on his private residence, and in addition to his official duties — mostly performed by his predecessor, adam eckfeldt, who continued in his work without pay despite his retirement — he had a thriving side business preparing dies for private medals using
| 155 |
[
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",",
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] | 879,705 |
government resources. peale controlled access to dies and materials, and was close to director patterson ; the two men later proved to have been skimming metal from bullion deposits. the remaining mint officers were cronies of patterson, and longacre found himself a loner among them. walter breen, in his comprehensive volume on u. s. coins, suggests that patterson resented longacre because of the engraver's sponsorship by calhoun, whom the director disliked as a southerner. = = = patterson / peale years ( 1844 – 1853 ) = = = in longacre's first years as chief engraver, no
| 877 |
[
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"1845",
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"j",
".",
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"and",
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"some",
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] | 879,706 |
original designs were required for coins. gobrecht had redesigned every denomination of u. s. coinage between 1835 and 1842, and his successor had time to learn arts necessary for coin production that he had not needed as a maker of print engravings. these arts included coin design, making of punches for design elements, and die sinking. longacre's work in the private sector had involved cutting lines into a copper plate which was then used to print reproductions. patterson wrote in august 1845 to treasury secretary robert j. walker that longacre " is a gentleman of excellent character, highly regarded in this community, and has acquired some celebrity
| 876 |
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"a"
] | 879,707 |
as an engraver of copper ; but he is not a die @ - @ sinker. indeed i don't know that he has ever made an attempt in this art. " by december of that year, the mint director had written to walker in praise of longacre, stating that the engraver had " more taste and judgment in making devices for an improved coinage here than have been exhibited by any of his predecessors. he has shown too that he is quite competent to make the required model from his drawings. " taxay attributed patterson's lavish praise of longacre to continued attempts by leonard to gain the post of chief engraver. a
| 2,196 |
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",",
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",",
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"and",
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] | 879,708 |
number of blunders can be seen among the early coins produced at the mint under longacre, though it is uncertain to whom these errors should be attributed. these include the 1844 half dollar struck at the new orleans mint ( 1844 @ - @ o ) with a doubled date, and the 1846 half dollar with the 6 overlying an identical digit, but one which had been placed horizontally. bowers indicates that longacre likely delegated such work, although in 1849 he wrote that his daily work was punching dates into working dies. tom delorey, in his 2003 article on longacre, notes that peale and his
| 877 |
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"in",
"his",
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"on",
"flying",
"eagle"
] | 879,709 |
staff often made punches without consulting the engraver's department ( headed by longacre ), and believes the chief coiner more likely to be responsible. despite the charged atmosphere at the philadelphia mint, longacre avoided conflict with patterson and peale until march 1849, when congress authorized a gold dollar and double eagle or twenty @ - @ dollar gold piece, both new coins. by then, patterson had come to desire longacre's departure as he was deemed a threat to peale's medal business, and opposed new coins which would require the chief engraver's skills. according to richard snow in his book on flying eagle
| 877 |
[
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"(",
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] | 879,710 |
and indian head cents, " having an ethical chief engraver threatened their sideline. " the conflict came over the use of the contamin portrait lathe, necessary in the making of dies both for longacre in producing the new coins and peale in his medal business. when longacre complained that peale was monopolizing the device, peale decided to sabotage longacre's coin work and have him removed from his position. in early 1849, according to a letter written by longacre the following year, the chief engraver was approached by a member of the mint staff, warning him that another officer ( plainly
| 877 |
[
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"("
] | 879,711 |
peale ) sought to have the engraving work done outside of the mint, making longacre redundant. the outside engraver in question was frenchman louis bouvet, whom patterson had prepare a design for the half eagle, though it was not adopted. longacre's response to the information was to spend much of march 1849 preparing the dies for the gold dollar, at some cost to his health, as he later related. he demanded that patterson hire assistance for him, but found the director willing only to have work contracted out. longacre was unwilling to consent to this, as he could not supervise work done outside the mint (
| 877 |
[
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".",
"i",
"had",
","
] | 879,712 |
he did get help within the mint from assistant engraver peter filatreu cross, who worked on the reverse of the gold dollar ). longacre proceeded with work on the double eagle through late 1849, and described the obstacles set in his path by peale : the plan of operation selected for me was to have an electrotype mould made from my model, in copper, to serve as a pattern for a cast in iron. the operations of the galvanic battery for this purpose were conducted in the apartments of the chief coiner. the galvanic process failed, my model was destroyed in the operation. i had,
| 877 |
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] | 879,713 |
however, taken the precaution to make a cast in plaster... from this cast, as the only alternative, i procurred [ sic ] a metallic one which, however, was not perfect ; but i thought i should be able to correct the imperfections in the engraving of the die... this was a laborious task, but seasonably completed, entirely by my own hand. the die then had to be hardened in the coining department ; it unluckily split in the process. when longacre completed the double eagle dies, they were rejected by peale, who stated that the design was
| 193 |
[
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"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"objected",
"to",
"patterson",
"that"
] | 879,714 |
engraved too deeply to fully impress the coin, and the pieces would not stack properly. taxay, however, noted that the one surviving 1849 double eagle displays no such problems, and by appearance would be level in a stack. peale complained to patterson, who wrote to treasury secretary william m. meredith asking for longacre's removal on december 25, 1849 on the ground he could not make proper dies. patterson that day promised the position to engraver charles cushing wright, effective when longacre was ousted. meredith questioned whether a competent replacement could be found ; patterson assured him that one could. longacre objected to patterson that
| 279 |
[
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"in",
"march",
"1850",
",",
"though",
"patterson",
"complained"
] | 879,715 |
peale was delaying acceptance of revised double eagle dies, the director did not reply in writing, but met with longacre, told him the administration had decided to terminate him, and that he should send in his resignation without delay. longacre, after thinking the matter over, did not do so, but instead went to washington on february 12, 1850 to meet with meredith. he found that the secretary had been lied to about a number of matters. according to snow, longacre did not seek retribution, content to be allowed to continue his work in peace. the double eagle went into production in march 1850, though patterson complained
| 279 |
[
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"-",
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".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"prepared",
"a",
"design"
] | 879,716 |
that the coins did not strike well. the double eagle quickly became the favored way to hold gold, and in the years to come more gold would be struck into double eagles than into all other denominations combined. patterson wrote again to request longacre's ouster on april 1, 1850, alleging that president zachary taylor had decided that longacre be dismissed. despite these attempts, longacre remained in his position. also in 1850, longacre's wife elizabeth ( generally eliza ) died. the mint officials clashed again in 1851, after congress authorized a silver three @ - @ cent piece. longacre prepared a design
| 877 |
[
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".",
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"a",
"set"
] | 879,717 |
showing a star on one side and the roman numeral iii on the other, which initially won patterson's approval. peale, however, persuaded patterson to change his mind and authorize the chief coiner to propose a version himself, copying design elements gobrecht had used in 1836. the issue was submitted to the new treasury secretary, thomas corwin, who selected longacre's proposal — longacre had taken the precaution of sending the secretary a letter explaining his imagery. in july 1851, patterson retired and president fillmore replaced him with thomas eckert. peale's medal business suffered a set
| 410 |
[
"##back",
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"1853"
] | 879,718 |
##back when adam eckfeldt, who was still performing the duties of chief coiner, died in 1852. in 1854, mint director james ross snowden fired peale after the extent to which he had used mint labor for private gain became public. nevertheless, the firing caused considerable press attention, a senate investigation, and a large demand for compensation by peale. with his enemies gone, life at the mint improved for longacre. = = = prolific designer ( 1853 – 1863 ) = = = faced with a rise in silver prices, congress decreased the silver content of the half dime, dime, quarter and half dollar in 1853
| 1,186 |
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"."
] | 879,719 |
. longacre was asked to alter gobrecht's designs so new coins could be distinguished from old. he proposed placing rays around the heraldic eagle on the reverses of the quarter and half dollar, and arrows by the date for all of the affected denominations. as the act requiring the reduction in weight allowed the mint to hire outside artists to do the work, snowden allowed for public designs for the new pieces. no public entry was found suitable, and longacre's proposal was adopted. the rays tended to shorten die life and were dropped within a year ; the arrows were dispensed with after 1855.
| 877 |
[
"in",
"1853",
",",
"congress",
"authorized",
"a",
"three",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"dollar",
"piece",
".",
"in",
"a",
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"among",
"his",
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"##ac",
"##re",
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"as",
"easy",
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".",
"@",
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"##ac",
"##re",
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"a",
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"for",
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"native",
"american",
"princess",
",",
"which",
"he",
"made",
"different",
"from",
"go",
"##bre",
"##cht",
"'",
"s",
"liberty",
"design",
"on",
"the",
"quarter",
"eagle",
"with",
"a",
"thinner",
"and",
"wider",
"plan",
"##chet",
".",
"at",
"the",
"time",
",",
"a",
"female",
"native",
"american",
"was",
"often",
"used",
"to",
"represent",
"america",
"in",
"art",
",",
"and",
"a",
"depiction",
"of",
"liberty",
"as",
"an",
"indian",
"princess",
"was",
"in",
"accord",
"with",
"contemporary",
"practices",
".",
"the",
"chief"
] | 879,720 |
in 1853, congress authorized a three @ - @ dollar piece. in a note found among his papers, longacre wrote that his task was to make the coin as easy as possible to distinguish from the quarter eagle, which at $ 2 @. @ 50 was close in value. longacre produced a design for an native american princess, which he made different from gobrecht's liberty design on the quarter eagle with a thinner and wider planchet. at the time, a female native american was often used to represent america in art, and a depiction of liberty as an indian princess was in accord with contemporary practices. the chief
| 876 |
[
"engraver",
"wrote",
"to",
"mint",
"director",
"snow",
"##den",
"that",
"the",
"three",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"dollar",
"piece",
",",
"which",
"went",
"into",
"production",
"in",
"1854",
",",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"time",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"allowed",
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"a",
"coin",
".",
"the",
"gold",
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"the",
"same",
"year",
"to",
"make",
"the",
"plan",
"##chet",
"both",
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"and",
"wider",
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"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"modified",
"his",
"princess",
"design",
"for",
"the",
"gold",
"dollar",
".",
"for",
"the",
"reverse",
"of",
"the",
"coins",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"created",
"a",
"wreath",
"of",
"wheat",
",",
"corn",
",",
"tobacco",
",",
"and",
"cotton",
",",
"blending",
"the",
"agricultural",
"products",
"of",
"the",
"north",
"and",
"the",
"south",
".",
"this",
"wreath",
"would",
"also",
"be",
"used",
"on",
"the",
"reverse",
"of",
"the",
"flying",
"eagle",
"cent",
"in",
"1856",
";",
"reused",
"on",
"the",
"dime",
"beginning",
"in",
"1860",
",",
"the"
] | 879,721 |
engraver wrote to mint director snowden that the three @ - @ dollar piece, which went into production in 1854, was the first time he had been allowed artistic freedom in designing a coin. the gold dollar was altered the same year to make the planchet both thinner and wider ; longacre modified his princess design for the gold dollar. for the reverse of the coins, longacre created a wreath of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton, blending the agricultural products of the north and the south. this wreath would also be used on the reverse of the flying eagle cent in 1856 ; reused on the dime beginning in 1860, the
| 876 |
[
"\"",
"cereal",
"wreath",
"\"",
"would",
"be",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"last",
"surviving",
"design",
"on",
"coinage",
",",
"remaining",
"with",
"modifications",
"until",
"the",
"1916",
"abandonment",
"of",
"the",
"barber",
"dime",
".",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"1850s",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"was",
"engaged",
"by",
"the",
"navy",
"department",
"to",
"design",
"a",
"medal",
"to",
"be",
"presented",
"to",
"captain",
"duncan",
"ing",
"##rah",
"##am",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"produced",
"the",
"imagery",
"used",
"for",
"the",
"reverse",
";",
"the",
"ob",
"##verse",
"was",
"by",
"assistant",
"engraver",
"cross",
".",
"although",
"bow",
"##ers",
"describes",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"as",
"having",
"been",
"\"",
"strictly",
"ethical",
"in",
"the",
"duties",
"of",
"his",
"office",
"\"",
",",
"when",
"the",
"treasury",
"department",
"learned",
"that",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"accepted",
"a",
"$",
"2",
"@",
",",
"@",
"200",
"payment",
"from",
"the",
"navy",
"for",
"his",
"work",
",",
"they",
"required"
] | 879,722 |
" cereal wreath " would be longacre's last surviving design on coinage, remaining with modifications until the 1916 abandonment of the barber dime. in the mid @ - @ 1850s, longacre was engaged by the navy department to design a medal to be presented to captain duncan ingraham. longacre produced the imagery used for the reverse ; the obverse was by assistant engraver cross. although bowers describes longacre as having been " strictly ethical in the duties of his office ", when the treasury department learned that longacre accepted a $ 2 @, @ 200 payment from the navy for his work, they required
| 248 |
[
"that",
"he",
"repay",
"the",
"money",
"under",
"a",
"federal",
"law",
"barr",
"##ing",
"compensation",
"of",
"this",
"kind",
".",
"other",
"than",
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"design",
"for",
"the",
"1867",
"ass",
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",",
"and",
"his",
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",",
"wreath",
"##ed",
"reverse",
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"1860",
",",
"1861",
",",
"and",
"1868",
",",
"the",
"ing",
"##rah",
"##am",
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"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"only",
"medal",
"made",
"for",
"the",
"government",
".",
"after",
"a",
"rise",
"in",
"commodity",
"prices",
",",
"the",
"mint",
"to",
"sought",
"to",
"replace",
"the",
"large",
"copper",
"cent",
"with",
"a",
"smaller",
"version",
".",
"beginning",
"in",
"1850",
",",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"pattern",
"coins",
"were",
"struck",
"in",
"attempts",
"to",
"find",
"a",
"replacement",
"coin",
".",
"designs",
"and",
"formats",
"varied",
";",
"at",
"first",
",",
"mint",
"authorities",
"considered",
"an",
"ann",
"##ular",
",",
"or",
"hole",
"##d",
",",
"cent",
"."
] | 879,723 |
that he repay the money under a federal law barring compensation of this kind. other than his design for the 1867 assay commission medal, and his similar, wreathed reverses for the commission medals in 1860, 1861, and 1868, the ingraham work was longacre's only medal made for the government. after a rise in commodity prices, the mint to sought to replace the large copper cent with a smaller version. beginning in 1850, a number of pattern coins were struck in attempts to find a replacement coin. designs and formats varied ; at first, mint authorities considered an annular, or holed, cent.
| 877 |
[
"in",
"1854",
"and",
"1855",
",",
"much",
"experimentation",
"was",
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",",
"some",
"with",
"a",
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"head",
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"as",
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"cent",
";",
"others",
"with",
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"eagle",
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"##ac",
"##re",
"from",
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"go",
"##bre",
"##cht",
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".",
"go",
"##bre",
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"'",
"s",
"design",
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"to",
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"on",
"peter",
"the",
"eagle",
",",
"a",
"tame",
"bird",
"which",
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"the",
"philadelphia",
"mint",
"in",
"the",
"1830s",
"until",
"it",
"was",
"caught",
"up",
"in",
"machinery",
"and",
"killed",
";",
"peter",
",",
"in",
"stuffed",
"form",
",",
"was",
"subsequently",
"placed",
"on",
"exhibit",
"at",
"the",
"philadelphia",
"mint",
".",
"the",
"flying",
"eagle",
"design",
"was",
"adopted",
"for",
"a",
"large",
"issue",
"of",
"experimental",
"patterns",
"given",
"to",
"government",
"officials",
"and",
"others",
"in",
"1856",
";",
"that",
"coin",
"was",
"then",
"used",
"for",
"the",
"regular",
"issue",
"from"
] | 879,724 |
in 1854 and 1855, much experimentation was done, some with a liberty head design as featured on the large cent ; others with a flying eagle design adapted by longacre from the gobrecht dollar of 1836. gobrecht's design said to have been modeled on peter the eagle, a tame bird which frequented the philadelphia mint in the 1830s until it was caught up in machinery and killed ; peter, in stuffed form, was subsequently placed on exhibit at the philadelphia mint. the flying eagle design was adopted for a large issue of experimental patterns given to government officials and others in 1856 ; that coin was then used for the regular issue from
| 877 |
[
"1857",
".",
"the",
"reverse",
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"##ac",
"##re",
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"s",
"cereal",
"wreath",
",",
"which",
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"@",
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"which",
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"1859",
",",
"the",
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"##ac",
"##re",
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"wearing",
"a",
"native",
"american",
"head",
"##dre",
"##ss",
".",
"what",
"is",
"called",
"the",
"\"",
"laurel",
"wreath",
"\"",
",",
"though",
"actually",
"olive",
",",
"adorned",
"the",
"reverse",
"of",
"the",
"cent",
"in",
"1859",
";",
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"in",
"1860",
",",
"a",
"reverse",
"with",
"an",
"oak",
"wreath",
"and",
"shield",
"was",
"placed",
"on",
"the",
"cent",
".",
"the",
"replacement",
"of",
"the",
"wreath",
"is",
"for",
"reasons",
"unknown"
] | 879,725 |
1857. the reverse featured longacre's cereal wreath, which led to difficulties in coining ; the head and tail of the eagle on the obverse opposed the wreath, making those design points particularly hard to strike in the tough copper @ - @ nickel alloy which was used. beginning in 1859, the cent featured a longacre design of liberty wearing a native american headdress. what is called the " laurel wreath ", though actually olive, adorned the reverse of the cent in 1859 ; beginning in 1860, a reverse with an oak wreath and shield was placed on the cent. the replacement of the wreath is for reasons unknown
| 152 |
[
";",
"the",
"shield",
"was",
"added",
"because",
"of",
"snow",
"##den",
"'",
"s",
"desire",
"to",
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"a",
"\"",
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"national",
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"\"",
".",
"this",
"reverse",
"is",
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"credited",
"to",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
";",
"snow",
"spec",
"##ulates",
"that",
"it",
"may",
"have",
"been",
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"by",
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"c",
".",
"pa",
"##quet",
".",
"by",
"nu",
"##mism",
"##atic",
"legend",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"indian",
"head",
"cent",
"design",
"was",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"features",
"of",
"his",
"daughter",
"sarah",
";",
"the",
"tale",
"runs",
"that",
"she",
"was",
"at",
"the",
"mint",
"one",
"day",
"when",
"she",
"tried",
"on",
"the",
"head",
"##dre",
"##ss",
"of",
"one",
"of",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"native",
"americans",
"who",
"were",
"visiting",
"and",
"her",
"father",
"sketch",
"##ed",
"her",
".",
"however",
",",
"sarah",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"was",
"30",
"years",
"old",
"and",
"married",
",",
"not",
"12"
] | 879,726 |
; the shield was added because of snowden's desire to give the coin a " more national character ". this reverse is generally credited to longacre ; snow speculates that it may have been created by assistant engraver anthony c. paquet. by numismatic legend, longacre's indian head cent design was based on the features of his daughter sarah ; the tale runs that she was at the mint one day when she tried on the headdress of one of a number of native americans who were visiting and her father sketched her. however, sarah longacre was 30 years old and married, not 12
| 161 |
[
"as",
"in",
"the",
"tale",
",",
"in",
"1858",
"and",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"himself",
"stated",
"that",
"the",
"face",
"was",
"based",
"on",
"a",
"statue",
"of",
"venus",
"in",
"philadelphia",
"on",
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"from",
"the",
"vatican",
".",
"james",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"did",
"often",
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"his",
"elder",
"daughter",
",",
"and",
"there",
"are",
"resemblance",
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"between",
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"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"and",
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"on",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"coins",
"of",
"the",
"1850s",
".",
"these",
"tales",
"were",
"apparently",
"extant",
"at",
"the",
"time",
",",
"as",
"snow",
"##den",
",",
"in",
"writing",
"to",
"treasury",
"secretary",
"howell",
"cobb",
"in",
"november",
"1858",
",",
"denied",
"that",
"the",
"coin",
"was",
"based",
"\"",
"on",
"any",
"human",
"features",
"in",
"the",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"family",
"\"",
".",
"lee",
"f",
".",
"mckenzie",
",",
"in",
"his",
"1991",
"article",
"on",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re"
] | 879,727 |
as in the tale, in 1858 and longacre himself stated that the face was based on a statue of venus in philadelphia on loan from the vatican. james longacre did often sketch his elder daughter, and there are resemblances between the depiction of sarah longacre and the various representations of liberty on longacre's coins of the 1850s. these tales were apparently extant at the time, as snowden, in writing to treasury secretary howell cobb in november 1858, denied that the coin was based " on any human features in the longacre family ". lee f. mckenzie, in his 1991 article on longacre
| 314 |
[
",",
"notes",
"that",
"any",
"artist",
"can",
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"influenced",
"by",
"many",
"things",
",",
"but",
"calls",
"the",
"story",
"\"",
"essentially",
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"\"",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
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"later",
"career",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"the",
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"brought",
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",",
"including",
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"-",
"@",
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",",
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".",
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"currency",
"(",
"valued",
"as",
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"as",
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")",
",",
"postage",
"stamps",
",",
"and",
"private",
"token",
"##s",
",",
"filled",
"the",
"gap",
".",
"many",
"of",
"the",
"token",
"##s",
"were",
"cent",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"sized",
",",
"but",
"thinner",
"and",
"made",
"of",
"bronze",
".",
"mint",
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"took",
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"that",
"these",
"metal",
"pieces",
"were",
"successfully",
"circulating",
",",
"and",
"obtained",
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"for",
"a",
"bronze",
"cent",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"indian"
] | 879,728 |
, notes that any artist can be influenced by many things, but calls the story " essentially false ". = = = civil war issues and later career = = = the civil war brought economic disturbances which resulted in the removal of some coins, including the base @ - @ metal cent, from circulation. paper currency ( valued as low as three cents ), postage stamps, and private tokens, filled the gap. many of the tokens were cent @ - @ sized, but thinner and made of bronze. mint authorities took notice that these metal pieces were successfully circulating, and obtained legislation for a bronze cent. longacre's indian
| 875 |
[
"head",
"design",
"continued",
"in",
"its",
"place",
"with",
"the",
"new",
"metal",
";",
"later",
"in",
"1864",
"he",
"engraved",
"his",
"initial",
"\"",
"l",
"\"",
"in",
"the",
"head",
"##dre",
"##ss",
".",
"the",
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"which",
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"two",
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"-",
"@",
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"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"furnished",
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",",
"which",
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"however",
",",
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"##rm",
"##eu",
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"stated",
"that",
"elements",
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"the",
"design",
"\"",
"need",
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"to",
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"the",
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"##mate",
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"war",
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"##ry",
".",
"\"",
"treasury",
"secretary",
"salmon",
"p",
".",
"chase",
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"an",
"expression",
"of",
"the",
"nation",
"'",
"s",
"faith",
"in",
"god",
"in",
"a",
"time",
"of",
"war",
"on"
] | 879,729 |
head design continued in its place with the new metal ; later in 1864 he engraved his initial " l " in the headdress. the act which authorized the bronze cent also issued a two @ - @ cent piece ; longacre furnished a design, which lange calls a " particularly attractive composition " with arrows and a laurel wreath flanking a shield. however, art historian cornelius vermeule stated that elements of the design " need only flanking cannon to be the consummate expressions of civil war heraldry. " treasury secretary salmon p. chase favored placing an expression of the nation's faith in god in a time of war on
| 384 |
[
"the",
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",",
"and",
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"mint",
"director",
"pollock",
",",
"\"",
"you",
"will",
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"a",
"device",
"to",
"be",
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"without",
"unnecessary",
"delay",
"with",
"a",
"motto",
"expressing",
"in",
"the",
"few",
"##est",
"ter",
"##ses",
"##t",
"terms",
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"this",
"national",
"recognition",
".",
"\"",
"several",
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"##s",
"were",
"considered",
"by",
"pollock",
",",
"including",
"\"",
"god",
"our",
"trust",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"god",
"and",
"our",
"country",
"\"",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"two",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cent",
"piece",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"coin",
"inscribed",
"with",
"\"",
"in",
"god",
"we",
"trust",
"\"",
".",
"nickel",
"had",
"been",
"removed",
"from",
"the",
"cent",
"over",
"the",
"objection",
"of",
"pennsylvania",
"industrialist",
"joseph",
"wharton",
",",
"who",
"had",
"large",
"interests",
"in",
"the",
"metal",
";",
"his",
"congressman",
",",
"tha",
"##dd",
"##eus",
"stevens",
",",
"had",
"fought",
"against",
"the",
"act",
".",
"in",
"1864",
",",
"wharton"
] | 879,730 |
the coinage, and wrote to mint director pollock, " you will cause a device to be prepared without unnecessary delay with a motto expressing in the fewest tersest terms possible this national recognition. " several mottos were considered by pollock, including " god our trust " and " god and our country ". longacre's two @ - @ cent piece was the first coin inscribed with " in god we trust ". nickel had been removed from the cent over the objection of pennsylvania industrialist joseph wharton, who had large interests in the metal ; his congressman, thaddeus stevens, had fought against the act. in 1864, wharton
| 2,627 |
[
"published",
"a",
"pamphlet",
"arguing",
"for",
"a",
"coinage",
"in",
"which",
"all",
"coins",
"less",
"than",
"ten",
"cents",
"would",
"be",
"made",
"of",
"a",
"copper",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"nickel",
"alloy",
"with",
"25",
"%",
"nickel",
",",
"just",
"over",
"twice",
"the",
"percentage",
"which",
"the",
"cent",
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".",
"in",
"march",
"1865",
",",
"congress",
"passed",
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"three",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cent",
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"of",
"that",
"alloy",
",",
"intended",
"to",
"retire",
"fraction",
"##al",
"currency",
"of",
"that",
"denomination",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"furnished",
"a",
"head",
"of",
"liberty",
"for",
"the",
"coin",
"resembling",
"his",
"other",
"depictions",
"of",
"the",
"goddess",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"made",
"in",
"the",
"past",
"16",
"years",
";",
"for",
"the",
"reverse",
"he",
"used",
"the",
"\"",
"laurel",
"\"",
"wreath",
"from",
"the",
"1859",
"cent",
"surrounding",
"the",
"roman",
"nu",
"##meral",
"iii",
"borrowed",
"from",
"the",
"silver",
"three",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cent"
] | 879,731 |
published a pamphlet arguing for a coinage in which all coins less than ten cents would be made of a copper @ - @ nickel alloy with 25 % nickel, just over twice the percentage which the cent had contained. in march 1865, congress passed legislation for a three @ - @ cent coin of that alloy, intended to retire fractional currency of that denomination. longacre furnished a head of liberty for the coin resembling his other depictions of the goddess which he had made in the past 16 years ; for the reverse he used the " laurel " wreath from the 1859 cent surrounding the roman numeral iii borrowed from the silver three @ - @ cent
| 875 |
[
"piece",
".",
"wharton",
"and",
"others",
"seeking",
"to",
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"the",
"use",
"of",
"nickel",
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"powerful",
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"congress",
",",
"and",
"in",
"1866",
"secured",
"authorization",
"for",
"a",
"five",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cent",
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"of",
"copper",
"nickel",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
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"a",
"number",
"of",
"designs",
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"pollock",
"selected",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"design",
"of",
"a",
"shield",
"(",
"similar",
"to",
"the",
"two",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cent",
"piece",
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"and",
"a",
"starr",
"##y",
"circle",
"for",
"the",
"reverse",
",",
"and",
"the",
"shield",
"nickel",
"began",
"to",
"be",
"struck",
"that",
"year",
".",
"mint",
"ass",
"##ay",
"##er",
"william",
"dubois",
"wrote",
"to",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"is",
"truly",
"pleasing",
"to",
"see",
"a",
"man",
"pass",
"the",
"life",
"of",
"three",
"score",
"and",
"ten",
"and",
"yet",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"produce",
"the",
"same",
"artistic",
"works",
"as",
"in",
"earlier",
"days"
] | 879,732 |
piece. wharton and others seeking to promote the use of nickel remained powerful in congress, and in 1866 secured authorization for a five @ - @ cent coin of copper nickel. longacre prepared a number of designs ; pollock selected longacre's design of a shield ( similar to the two @ - @ cent piece ) and a starry circle for the reverse, and the shield nickel began to be struck that year. mint assayer william dubois wrote to longacre, " it is truly pleasing to see a man pass the life of three score and ten and yet be able to produce the same artistic works as in earlier days
| 875 |
[
".",
"\"",
"in",
"1865",
"congress",
"required",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"\"",
"in",
"god",
"we",
"trust",
"\"",
"on",
"all",
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"large",
"enough",
"to",
"bear",
"the",
"inscription",
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"in",
"1866",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"added",
"the",
"motto",
"to",
"all",
"silver",
"coins",
"larger",
"than",
"the",
"dime",
"and",
"all",
"gold",
"coins",
"larger",
"than",
"the",
"three",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"dollar",
"piece",
".",
"he",
"also",
"in",
"1867",
"made",
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"to",
"the",
"design",
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"the",
"copper",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"nickel",
"five",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cent",
"piece",
",",
"or",
"nickel",
"as",
"it",
"was",
"coming",
"to",
"be",
"known",
".",
"in",
"1865",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"engaged",
"british",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"born",
"engraver",
"william",
"barber",
"as",
"assistant",
";",
"william",
"h",
".",
"key",
"was",
"also",
"made",
"an",
"assistant",
"in",
"1864",
"and",
"remained",
"at",
"the",
"mint",
"past",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'"
] | 879,733 |
. " in 1865 congress required the use of " in god we trust " on all coins large enough to bear the inscription ; in 1866, longacre added the motto to all silver coins larger than the dime and all gold coins larger than the three @ - @ dollar piece. he also in 1867 made modifications to the design of the copper @ - @ nickel five @ - @ cent piece, or nickel as it was coming to be known. in 1865, longacre engaged british @ - @ born engraver william barber as assistant ; william h. key was also made an assistant in 1864 and remained at the mint past longacre '
| 875 |
[
"s",
"death",
".",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"coinage",
"which",
"had",
"vanished",
"from",
"circulation",
"during",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"and",
"had",
"been",
"exported",
"to",
"south",
"america",
"continued",
"to",
"be",
"used",
"in",
"chilean",
"trade",
"as",
"nationals",
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"their",
"local",
"coinage",
"valued",
"poorly",
"with",
"the",
"american",
"pieces",
".",
"in",
"1866",
",",
"the",
"chilean",
"government",
"instructed",
"its",
"representative",
"in",
"washington",
"to",
"approach",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"state",
"department",
"for",
"permission",
"to",
"have",
"their",
"coinage",
"dies",
"made",
"in",
"america",
".",
"the",
"andrew",
"johnson",
"administration",
"was",
"happy",
"to",
"ob",
"##li",
"##ge",
";",
"treasury",
"secretary",
"hugh",
"mcc",
"##ull",
"##och",
"gave",
"the",
"chilean",
"##s",
"a",
"letter",
"of",
"introduction",
"to",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"in",
"philadelphia",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"was",
"engaged",
"by",
"the",
"chilean",
"##s",
"to",
"redesign",
"five",
"silver",
"and",
"four",
"gold",
"coins",
",",
"and",
"he",
"agreed",
","
] | 879,734 |
s death. some of the coinage which had vanished from circulation during the civil war and had been exported to south america continued to be used in chilean trade as nationals found their local coinage valued poorly with the american pieces. in 1866, the chilean government instructed its representative in washington to approach the u. s. state department for permission to have their coinage dies made in america. the andrew johnson administration was happy to oblige ; treasury secretary hugh mcculloch gave the chileans a letter of introduction to longacre in philadelphia. longacre was engaged by the chileans to redesign five silver and four gold coins, and he agreed,
| 875 |
[
"so",
"long",
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"permission",
"from",
"mcc",
"##ull",
"##och",
"was",
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"for",
"him",
"to",
"accept",
"an",
"outside",
"fee",
".",
"mcc",
"##ull",
"##och",
"was",
"initially",
"agree",
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",",
"but",
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"director",
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"raised",
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"on",
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"ground",
"that",
"government",
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"should",
"not",
"be",
"used",
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"gain",
".",
"eventually",
",",
"all",
"parties",
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"agreement",
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"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"could",
"do",
"the",
"work",
"at",
"a",
"total",
"cost",
"of",
"$",
"10",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"provided",
"that",
"he",
"brought",
"in",
"an",
"outside",
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"to",
"do",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"work",
"under",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"supervision",
";",
"the",
"chief",
"engraver",
"selected",
"anthony",
"c",
".",
"pa",
"##quet",
",",
"one",
"of",
"his",
"former",
"assistants",
".",
"resistance",
"at",
"the",
"mint",
"dissolved",
"with",
"pollock",
"'",
"s",
"resignation",
"over",
"president",
"johnson",
"'",
"s",
"reconstruction",
"policies",
","
] | 879,735 |
so long as permission from mcculloch was obtained for him to accept an outside fee. mcculloch was initially agreeable, but mint director pollock raised objection on the ground that government property should not be used to enable private gain. eventually, all parties reached agreement that longacre could do the work at a total cost of $ 10 @, @ 000 provided that he brought in an outside engraver to do some of the work under longacre's supervision ; the chief engraver selected anthony c. paquet, one of his former assistants. resistance at the mint dissolved with pollock's resignation over president johnson's reconstruction policies,
| 877 |
[
"and",
"the",
"dies",
"and",
"hub",
"##s",
"(",
"from",
"which",
"more",
"dies",
"could",
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"1866",
",",
"probably",
"in",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"house",
"at",
"the",
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"mint",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
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"for",
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"were",
"used",
"until",
"new",
"ones",
"were",
"adopted",
"in",
"the",
"1890s",
".",
"in",
"1867",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"proposed",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"aluminum",
"in",
"coins",
";",
"this",
"was",
"rejected",
"as",
"the",
"supply",
"and",
"price",
"of",
"the",
"metal",
"flu",
"##ctuated",
"considerably",
",",
"and",
"it",
"then",
"had",
"a",
"high",
"intrinsic",
"value",
".",
"in",
"1868",
",",
"wharton",
"'",
"s",
"interests",
"proposed",
"making",
"the",
"dime",
"into",
"a",
"copper",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"nickel",
"piece",
"and",
"to",
"modify",
"the",
"cent",
",",
"three",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cent",
"piece",
",",
"and",
"nickel",
".",
"the",
"project",
"was"
] | 879,736 |
and the dies and hubs ( from which more dies could be made ) were created beginning in november 1866, probably in @ - @ house at the philadelphia mint. longacre's designs for chile were used until new ones were adopted in the 1890s. in 1867, longacre proposed the use of aluminum in coins ; this was rejected as the supply and price of the metal fluctuated considerably, and it then had a high intrinsic value. in 1868, wharton's interests proposed making the dime into a copper @ - @ nickel piece and to modify the cent, three @ - @ cent piece, and nickel. the project was
| 875 |
[
"abandoned",
"when",
"it",
"became",
"clear",
"the",
"base",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"metal",
"dime",
"would",
"be",
"too",
"large",
"to",
"be",
"effectively",
"struck",
"in",
"the",
"tough",
"copper",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"nickel",
"alloy",
",",
"but",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"prepared",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"half",
"dollar",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"size",
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".",
"he",
"also",
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"on",
"re",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"engraving",
"the",
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"the",
"gold",
"pieces",
",",
"and",
"completed",
"the",
"$",
"10",
"piece",
"by",
"year",
"'",
"s",
"end",
".",
"=",
"=",
"death",
"and",
"assessment",
"=",
"=",
"james",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"died",
"suddenly",
"at",
"his",
"home",
"in",
"philadelphia",
"on",
"january",
"1",
",",
"1869",
".",
"a",
"memorial",
"meeting",
"was",
"held",
"at",
"the",
"philadelphia",
"mint",
"on",
"january",
"5",
",",
"attended",
"by",
"the",
"facility",
"'",
"s",
"employees",
".",
"the",
"director",
"of",
"the",
"mint",
",",
"henry",
"lin"
] | 879,737 |
abandoned when it became clear the base @ - @ metal dime would be too large to be effectively struck in the tough copper @ - @ nickel alloy, but longacre prepared a number of half dollar @ - @ size patterns. he also began work on re @ - @ engraving the designs of the gold pieces, and completed the $ 10 piece by year's end. = = death and assessment = = james longacre died suddenly at his home in philadelphia on january 1, 1869. a memorial meeting was held at the philadelphia mint on january 5, attended by the facility's employees. the director of the mint, henry lin
| 877 |
[
"##der",
"##man",
",",
"delivered",
"a",
"speech",
"in",
"praise",
"of",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
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"eu",
"##logy",
",",
"which",
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"by",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"assistant",
",",
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"barber",
",",
"who",
"would",
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"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"'",
"s",
"successor",
".",
"like",
"each",
"of",
"his",
"predecessors",
",",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"died",
"in",
"office",
".",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"was",
"recognized",
"in",
"an",
"exhibit",
"of",
"100",
"notable",
"american",
"engraver",
"##s",
"sponsored",
"by",
"the",
"new",
"york",
"public",
"library",
"in",
"1928",
".",
"in",
"1970",
",",
"art",
"historian",
"cornelius",
"ve",
"##rm",
"##eu",
"##le",
",",
"in",
"his",
"volume",
"on",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"coins",
",",
"viewed",
"long",
"##ac",
"##re",
"and",
"his",
"works",
"less",
"favorably",
",",
"\"",
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"in",
"their",
"dull",
"##ness",
",",
"lack",
"of",
"inspiration",
",",
"and",
"even",
"qu",
"##aint"
] | 879,738 |
##derman, delivered a speech in praise of longacre prior to the formal eulogy, which was given by longacre's assistant, william barber, who would be appointed as longacre's successor. like each of his predecessors, longacre died in office. longacre was recognized in an exhibit of 100 notable american engravers sponsored by the new york public library in 1928. in 1970, art historian cornelius vermeule, in his volume on u. s. coins, viewed longacre and his works less favorably, " uniform in their dullness, lack of inspiration, and even quaint
| 384 |
[
"##ness",
",",
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"[",
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"]",
"sul",
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",",
"[",
"ti",
"##tian",
"]",
"pea",
"##le",
",",
"[",
"robert",
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",",
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"\"",
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"of",
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",",
"he",
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".",
"\"",
"however",
",",
"ve",
"##rm",
"##eu",
"##le",
"considered",
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"eagle",
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"far",
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"1991",
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"mckenzie",
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"##eu",
"##le",
"'",
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] | 879,739 |
##ness, longacre's contributions to patterns and regular coinage were a decided step backwards from the art of [ thomas ] sully, [ titian ] peale, [ robert ] hughes, and gobrecht " and " whatever his previous qualities as an engraver of portraits, he seems not to have brought much imagination to his important post at the philadelphia mint. " however, vermeule considered the flying eagle cent more of a work of art, far above the mundane. in his 1991 article, mckenzie notes vermeule's concerns, but considers longacre's work important for its use of american symbols
| 877 |
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, including the representations of native americans. he believes longacre's use of such symbols influenced later coin designers, such as george t. morgan, victor d. brenner, and augustus saint @ - @ gaudens. he particularly praises the ornate scroll on the reverse of the double eagle, calling it " unique in american numismatic art and enhances the elegance of a design befitting the highest @ - @ denomination u. s. coin ", and applauds " the exciting innovation in symbolism and expression of national sentiment that he brought to u. s. numismatic art ". according to bow
| 177 |
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##ers, " today, longacre is widely admired by numismatists. " lange notes that longacre's " artistic vision graced 60 years of american coins ". snow writes, in view of the admiration that saint @ - @ gaudens, vermeule, and others had for longacre's " recycled " design borrowed from gobrecht, and the enthusiasm collectors have for flying eagle cents today, perhaps it is all for the best that some other motif was not created in the 1850s at the mint when experiments to eliminate the cumbersome large copper cent were conducted. = = u.
| 877 |
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s. coins designed by longacre = = flying eagle cent ( 1856 – 1858 ) indian head cent ( 1859 – 1909 ) three @ - @ cent piece in silver ( 1851 – 1873 ) and nickel ( 1865 – 1889 ) shield nickel ( 1866 – 1883 ) liberty seated half dime reverse ( 1860 – 1873 ) liberty seated dime reverse ( 1860 – 1891 ), reused with slight modification as reverse of barber dime ( 1892 – 1916 ) liberty head gold dollar ( 1849 – 1889 ) three @ - @ dollar piece ( 1854 – 1889 ) liberty head double eagle ( 1849 @ - @ 1907 ) bowers, q. david ( 2006 ).
| 875 |
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a guide book of shield and liberty head nickels. atlanta, ga. : whitman publishing. isbn 0 @ - @ 7948 @ - @ 1921 @ - @ 4. breen, walter ( 1988 ). walter breen's complete encyclopedia of u. s. and colonial coins. new york : doubleday. isbn 978 @ - @ 0 @ - @ 385 @ - @ 14207 @ - @ 6. coin world almanac ( 3rd ed. ). sidney, ohio : amos press. 1977. asin b004ab7c9m. evans, george g. ( 1885 ). illustrated history of
| 527 |
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] | 879,744 |
the united states mint ( revised ed. ). philadelphia : george g. evans. retrieved january 14, 2013. garrett, jeff ; guth, ron ( 2008 ). encyclopedia of u. s. gold coins, 1795 – 1933 ( second ed. ). atlanta, ga. : whitman publishing. isbn 978 @ - @ 0 @ - @ 7948 @ - @ 2254 @ - @ 5. journal of the executive proceedings of the senate of the united states of america vi. washington, d. c. : united states government printing office. 1887. lange, david w. ( 2006 ). history of the united states mint
| 877 |
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and its coinage. atlanta, ga. : whitman publishing. isbn 0 @ - @ 7948 @ - @ 1972 @ - @ 9. pessolano @ - @ filos, francis ( 1983 ). margaret m. walsh, ed. the assay medals and the assay commissions, 1841 – 1977. new york : eros publishing company. isbn 978 @ - @ 0 @ - @ 911571 @ - @ 01 @ - @ 1. snow, richard ( 2009 ). a guide book of flying eagle and indian head cents. atlanta. ga. : whitman publishing. isbn 978 @ - @ 0 @ - @
| 527 |
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7948 @ - @ 2831 @ - @ 8. taxay, don ( 1983 ). the u. s. mint and coinage ( reprint of 1966 ed. ). new york : sanford j. durst numismatic publications. isbn 0 @ - @ 915262 @ - @ 68 @ - @ 1. vermeule, cornelius ( 1971 ). numismatic art in america. cambridge, mass. : the belknap press of harvard university press. isbn 978 @ - @ 0 @ - @ 674 @ - @ 62840 @ - @ 3. " american journal of numism
| 527 |
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] | 879,747 |
##atics " 3 ( 9 ). new york : american numismatic and archaeological society. january 1869. " chile asks longacre for dies in 1866 ". iola, wisc. : krause publications. retrieved march 4, 2014. delorey, tom ( october 1985 ). " longacre : unsung engraver of the u. s. mint ". the numismatist ( colorado springs, co. : american numismatic association ) : 1970 – 1978. kay, rick ( april 2005 ). " the remarkable coinage of james b. longacre ". the numismatist
| 63 |
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] | 879,748 |
( colorado springs, co. : american numismatic association ) : 36 – 37, 40 – 41. mckenzie, lee f. ( december 1991 ). " longacre's influence on numismatic art ". the numismatist ( colorado springs, co. : american numismatic association ) : 1922 – 1924, 1979 – 1980. smith, pete ( 2012 ). " american numismatic biographies " ( pdf ). the numismatic bibliomania society. retrieved october 15, 2014. = philip smith ( criminal ) = philip john smith ( born 10 july 1965 in gloucester, england ) is
| 163 |
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"later"
] | 879,749 |
a british spree killer serving a life sentence for the murders of three women in birmingham. a former fairground worker employed at the rainbow public house in the digbeth area of the city, smith killed his victims over a four @ - @ day period in november 2000, befriending two of them at the rainbow before carrying out the crimes. all three victims were mutilated almost beyond recognition, but smith was quickly identified as the killer because of the overwhelming evidence linking him to the deaths. smith's first victim was jodie hyde, a recovering butane gas addict whom he met at the rainbow before killing her hours later
| 348 |
[
".",
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"was",
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"that",
"he",
"wished",
"to",
"make",
"a",
"statement",
"about",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran"
] | 879,750 |
. he is thought to have strangled her before setting her body on fire near a recreation ground. three days later, he met mother @ - @ of @ - @ three rosemary corcoran at the same public house and drove her to a rural location, where he bludgeoned her to death and drove over the body. then, as he drove home, he hit care worker carol jordan with his car and, fearing capture, beat her to death. all three bodies were discovered soon after the murders were carried out. smith was apprehended after he contacted west midlands police saying that he wished to make a statement about corcoran
| 189 |
[
"'",
"s",
"disappearance",
".",
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",",
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",",
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"life",
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".",
"the",
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"crimes",
"was",
"unclear",
",",
"but",
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"who",
"arrested",
"him",
"believed",
"that",
"a",
"\"",
"lack",
"of",
"permanent",
"sexual",
"relations",
"\"",
"was",
"a",
"contributing",
"factor",
".",
"detectives",
"also",
"investigated",
"the",
"death",
"of",
"a",
"woman",
"who",
"had",
"been",
"a"
] | 879,751 |
' s disappearance. at the time, however, her body had not been positively identified, and inquiries quickly established that some aspects of his account were false. the murder inquiry, named operation green, uncovered a large quantity of strong evidence incriminating smith, but at first he denied responsibility. he maintained his innocence as his trial began in july 2001, but later in the proceedings he changed his plea to guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment. the motive for his crimes was unclear, but police who arrested him believed that a " lack of permanent sexual relations " was a contributing factor. detectives also investigated the death of a woman who had been a
| 518 |
[
"colleague",
"of",
"smith",
"at",
"the",
"rainbow",
".",
"patricia",
"l",
"##yn",
"##ott",
",",
"a",
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"mother",
"of",
"two",
"from",
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"who",
"had",
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"to",
"birmingham",
",",
"had",
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"found",
"dead",
"in",
"her",
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"in",
"october",
"2000",
".",
"police",
"had",
"not",
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"as",
"suspicious",
",",
"but",
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",",
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"for",
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"mort",
"##em",
".",
"this",
"proved",
"to",
"be",
"inc",
"##on",
"##clusive",
",",
"and",
"in",
"january",
"2003",
"a",
"coroner",
"'",
"s",
"jury",
"in",
"birmingham",
"recorded",
"an",
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"verdict",
"after",
"hearing",
"that",
"the",
"cause",
"of",
"her",
"death",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"determined",
".",
"=",
"=",
"background",
"=",
"=",
"philip",
"john",
"smith",
"was",
"born",
"in",
"1965",
"at",
"the",
"city",
"maternity",
"hospital",
"in",
"gloucester",
"and",
"grew",
"up",
"in",
"the",
"city"
] | 879,752 |
colleague of smith at the rainbow. patricia lynott, a divorced mother of two from ireland who had moved to birmingham, had been found dead in her flat in october 2000. police had not treated the death as suspicious, but after they discovered her connection to smith, her body was exhumed for a second post mortem. this proved to be inconclusive, and in january 2003 a coroner's jury in birmingham recorded an open verdict after hearing that the cause of her death could not be determined. = = background = = philip john smith was born in 1965 at the city maternity hospital in gloucester and grew up in the city
| 600 |
[
".",
"the",
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"of",
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"labour",
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"john",
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"and",
"his",
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",",
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".",
"he",
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"hill",
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"and",
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"school",
"for",
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"with",
"learning",
"difficulties",
".",
"the",
"family",
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"income",
",",
"and",
"their",
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"'",
"s",
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"was",
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"in",
"a",
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"##ing",
"accident",
".",
"smith",
"left",
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"at",
"14",
"to",
"join",
"billy",
"dante",
"##r",
"'",
"s",
"fun",
"##fa",
"##ir",
",",
"which",
"toured"
] | 879,753 |
. the son of sawmill labourer henry john smith and his wife rose smith ( nee luckins ), he was the oldest of five siblings. the family lived in midland road, where they were neighbours of serial killers fred and rosemary west, before moving to hailes road on the coney hill estate in 1971. he attended coney hill infants and junior school and later went to a special school for children with learning difficulties. the family had a modest income, and their situation became worse when smith's father was injured in a motoring accident. smith left school at 14 to join billy danter's funfair, which toured
| 548 |
[
"extensively",
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"and",
"also",
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".",
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"a",
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"security",
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"moved",
"from",
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"to",
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"##wk",
"##es",
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"and",
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"@",
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"-",
"@",
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",",
"where",
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".",
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"son",
"in",
"1990",
"and",
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"children",
"in",
"1992",
",",
"but",
"smith",
"left",
"the",
"family",
"and",
"moved",
"to",
"cardiff",
"when",
"the",
"relationship",
"became",
"difficult",
".",
"he",
"then",
"spent",
"a",
"year",
"in",
"ireland",
"lodging",
"with",
"a",
"travelling",
"family",
"who",
"took",
"pity",
"on",
"him",
"while",
"he",
"was",
"hitch",
"##hi",
"##king",
"in",
"at",
"##hl",
"##one",
",",
"county",
"west",
"##me",
"##ath",
",",
"ireland",
".",
"he",
"told",
"them",
"he",
"was",
"an",
"english",
"gypsy"
] | 879,754 |
extensively throughout the united kingdom and also employed his father. he worked out of season as a farmhand, labourer and security guard. smith moved from gloucester to tewkesbury and then ross @ - @ on @ - @ wye, where he lived with a female partner. they had a son in 1990 and two more children in 1992, but smith left the family and moved to cardiff when the relationship became difficult. he then spent a year in ireland lodging with a travelling family who took pity on him while he was hitchhiking in athlone, county westmeath, ireland. he told them he was an english gypsy
| 541 |
[
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",",
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"##bet",
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",",
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"to",
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"in",
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"##ith",
"##waite",
"road",
"in",
"the",
"spark",
"##brook",
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".",
"he",
"became",
"well",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"known",
"locally",
"and",
"was",
"a",
"regular",
"patron",
"of",
"the",
"shamrock",
"cafe",
"on",
"stratford",
"road",
"and",
"of",
"the",
"rainbow"
] | 879,755 |
visiting ireland, and they allowed him to live rent @ - @ free in a spare caravan, while he contributed a portion of his unemployment benefit towards food. they asked him to leave because they were uncomfortable about sexual remarks he had made to young female members of the family. he moved to birmingham towards the end of 1999 and stayed briefly at the trinity centre, a hostel for the homeless in digbeth, before moving to a property managed by a housing association in braithwaite road in the sparkbrook district of birmingham. he became well @ - @ known locally and was a regular patron of the shamrock cafe on stratford road and of the rainbow
| 203 |
[
"pub",
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"##h",
",",
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"smith",
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",",
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",",
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",",
"he",
"was",
"considered",
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"met",
".",
"in",
"an",
"interview",
"with",
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"evening",
"mail",
"following",
"smith",
"'",
"s",
"trial",
"in",
"july",
"2001",
",",
"jim",
"smith"
] | 879,756 |
pub in digbeth, where he was employed on a casual basis as an odd @ - @ jobber and served as an unofficial taxi driver for drinkers. smith received over 30 criminal convictions for minor offences, beginning in may 1984 when he was fined £ 100 for theft. his record also included handling stolen goods, burglary and driving without a licence, but no violence. at 6 ft 4 in and weighing 22 stone, with a dishevelled appearance and a soft west country accent, he was considered gentle by those he met. in an interview with the birmingham evening mail following smith's trial in july 2001, jim smith
| 2,096 |
[
",",
"proprietor",
"of",
"the",
"shamrock",
"cafe",
",",
"said",
",",
"\"",
"he",
"was",
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"who",
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"named",
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"big",
"##foot",
"'",
"because",
"his",
"boots",
"always",
"used",
"to",
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"black",
"marks",
"on",
"the",
"floor",
".",
"ninety",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"nine",
"per",
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"of",
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"time",
"he",
"had",
"a",
"dirty",
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"and",
"looked",
"like",
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".",
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"on",
"8",
"november",
"2000",
",",
"smith",
"met",
"21",
"@",
"-",
"@",
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"-",
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"jo",
"##die",
"hyde",
",",
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"addict",
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"al",
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"rock",
",",
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",",
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"rainbow",
"public",
"house",
",",
"and",
"they",
"were",
"seen",
"leaving",
"together",
".",
"he",
"took",
"her",
"to",
"a",
"hospital",
"appointment",
"and",
"later",
"killed",
"her",
".",
"prosecutors",
"believed",
"that",
"he",
"strangled",
"her",
"at",
"his"
] | 879,757 |
, proprietor of the shamrock cafe, said, " he was a gentle giant who we named'bigfoot'because his boots always used to leave black marks on the floor. ninety @ - @ nine per cent of the time he had a dirty appearance and looked like he had been working on a car. " on 8 november 2000, smith met 21 @ - @ year @ - @ old jodie hyde, a recovering butane gas addict from alum rock, birmingham, at the rainbow public house, and they were seen leaving together. he took her to a hospital appointment and later killed her. prosecutors believed that he strangled her at his
| 600 |
[
"flat",
"and",
"dumped",
"her",
"body",
"near",
"a",
"recreation",
"ground",
"near",
"golden",
"hill",
"##ock",
"road",
"in",
"spark",
"##brook",
",",
"where",
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"it",
"ali",
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".",
"the",
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"##nis",
"##able",
"and",
"had",
"to",
"be",
"identified",
"using",
"fingerprints",
".",
"a",
"subsequent",
"post",
"mort",
"##em",
"concluded",
"that",
"she",
"had",
"been",
"strangled",
"before",
"being",
"rolled",
"up",
"in",
"a",
"carpet",
"and",
"set",
"on",
"fire",
".",
"three",
"days",
"later",
",",
"smith",
"met",
"rosemary",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
",",
"a",
"25",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"year",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"old",
"mother",
"of",
"three",
"from",
"castle",
"vale",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"public",
"house",
",",
"and",
"again"
] | 879,758 |
flat and dumped her body near a recreation ground near golden hillock road in sparkbrook, where he set it alight. the still @ - @ smouldering remains were discovered at 6 : 15 am next morning ( 9 november ) by two patrolling police officers. the body was barely recognisable and had to be identified using fingerprints. a subsequent post mortem concluded that she had been strangled before being rolled up in a carpet and set on fire. three days later, smith met rosemary corcoran, a 25 @ - @ year @ - @ old mother of three from castle vale at the same public house, and again
| 348 |
[
"they",
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"leaving",
"together",
".",
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",",
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".",
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"car",
"while",
"driving",
"back",
"from",
"worcestershire",
",",
"fra",
"##cturing",
"her",
"hip",
".",
"fearing",
"that",
"he",
"would",
"be",
"caught",
",",
"smith",
"moved",
"her"
] | 879,759 |
they were seen leaving together. he drove her to worcestershire before bludgeoning her to death and running over her body near droitwich spa. she was found at 8 : 30 am on 12 november by a man walking his dog in a lane near junction 5 of the m5 motorway. smith's third victim was carol jordan, a 39 @ - @ year @ - @ old care home worker and mother of six from balsall heath, who was killed as she walked to work. smith hit her from behind with his car while driving back from worcestershire, fracturing her hip. fearing that he would be caught, smith moved her
| 163 |
[
"to",
"another",
"location",
"and",
"beat",
"her",
"so",
"much",
"that",
"dental",
"records",
"were",
"required",
"to",
"identify",
"her",
"corpse",
".",
"the",
"body",
"was",
"discovered",
"at",
"8",
":",
"50",
"am",
"on",
"12",
"november",
"on",
"park",
"##land",
"next",
"to",
"bell",
"barn",
"road",
",",
"lee",
"bank",
".",
"=",
"=",
"investigation",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"initial",
"statement",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"when",
"staff",
"at",
"the",
"rainbow",
"told",
"him",
"of",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"'",
"s",
"disappearance",
"on",
"13",
"november",
",",
"smith",
"telephone",
"##d",
"the",
"police",
"station",
"at",
"castle",
"vale",
"saying",
"that",
"he",
"wished",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"statement",
".",
"significantly",
",",
"his",
"call",
"came",
"at",
"4",
":",
"00",
"pm",
",",
"before",
"the",
"body",
"found",
"in",
"worcestershire",
"had",
"been",
"positively",
"identified",
"as",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"'",
"s",
",",
"and",
"within",
"an",
"hour",
"smith",
"had",
"presented",
"himself",
"at"
] | 879,760 |
to another location and beat her so much that dental records were required to identify her corpse. the body was discovered at 8 : 50 am on 12 november on parkland next to bell barn road, lee bank. = = investigation = = = = = initial statement = = = when staff at the rainbow told him of corcoran's disappearance on 13 november, smith telephoned the police station at castle vale saying that he wished to give a statement. significantly, his call came at 4 : 00 pm, before the body found in worcestershire had been positively identified as corcoran's, and within an hour smith had presented himself at
| 361 |
[
"castle",
"vale",
".",
"detective",
"constable",
"ruth",
"wilkins",
"later",
"recalled",
"smith",
"'",
"s",
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"\"",
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"said",
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"police",
"station",
"to",
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"and",
"that",
"he",
"had",
"seen",
"[",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"]",
"on",
"saturday",
"night",
"leave",
"the",
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"with",
"an",
"unknown",
"man",
".",
"he",
"insisted",
"he",
"would",
"like",
"to",
"come",
"over",
"to",
"the",
"police",
"station",
".",
"he",
"said",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"asked",
"to",
"contact",
"the",
"police",
"by",
"someone",
"else",
"and",
"gave",
"his",
"mobile",
"number",
".",
"\"",
"in",
"his",
"subsequent",
"statement",
"smith",
"admitted",
"to",
"being",
"at",
"the",
"rainbow",
"with",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"and",
"a",
"male",
"friend",
",",
"but",
"claimed",
"they",
"were",
"later",
"separated",
"when",
"they",
"went",
"to",
"another",
"public",
"house",
",",
"the",
"kerry",
"##man",
",",
"and",
"the",
"male",
"friend"
] | 879,761 |
castle vale. detective constable ruth wilkins later recalled smith's phone call : " he said he would like to come to the police station to help with the inquiry and that he had seen [ corcoran ] on saturday night leave the pub with an unknown man. he insisted he would like to come over to the police station. he said he had been asked to contact the police by someone else and gave his mobile number. " in his subsequent statement smith admitted to being at the rainbow with corcoran and a male friend, but claimed they were later separated when they went to another public house, the kerryman, and the male friend
| 2,096 |
[
"was",
"ejected",
".",
"smith",
"said",
"that",
"he",
"and",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"then",
"went",
"to",
"monte",
"carlo",
"'",
"s",
",",
"a",
"nightclub",
"in",
"hands",
"##worth",
",",
"and",
"that",
"when",
"they",
"left",
"some",
"time",
"later",
",",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"was",
"confronted",
"by",
"a",
"man",
"he",
"described",
"as",
"a",
"teddy",
"boy",
",",
"with",
"whom",
"she",
"had",
"argued",
"at",
"the",
"kerry",
"##man",
".",
"smith",
"said",
"that",
"the",
"man",
"became",
"aggressive",
",",
"so",
"he",
"asked",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"if",
"she",
"wanted",
"to",
"go",
"home",
".",
"claiming",
"that",
"she",
"told",
"him",
"she",
"did",
"not",
",",
"he",
"said",
"he",
"then",
"left",
"her",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"evidence",
"and",
"murder",
"charge",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"murder",
"investigation",
",",
"named",
"operation",
"green",
",",
"was",
"led",
"by",
"sir",
"edward",
"crewe",
",",
"chief",
"constable",
"of",
"west",
"midlands",
"police",
","
] | 879,762 |
was ejected. smith said that he and corcoran then went to monte carlo's, a nightclub in handsworth, and that when they left some time later, corcoran was confronted by a man he described as a teddy boy, with whom she had argued at the kerryman. smith said that the man became aggressive, so he asked corcoran if she wanted to go home. claiming that she told him she did not, he said he then left her. = = = evidence and murder charge = = = the murder investigation, named operation green, was led by sir edward crewe, chief constable of west midlands police,
| 517 |
[
"and",
"included",
"100",
"police",
"officers",
"and",
"50",
"support",
"staff",
"from",
"the",
"west",
"midlands",
"and",
"west",
"mer",
"##cia",
"forces",
".",
"detectives",
"viewed",
"hundreds",
"of",
"hours",
"of",
"cc",
"##tv",
"footage",
",",
"gathered",
"more",
"than",
"100",
"separate",
"exhibits",
"and",
"interviewed",
"witnesses",
".",
"evidence",
"was",
"anal",
"##yse",
"##d",
"by",
"scientists",
"from",
"the",
"forensic",
"science",
"service",
"(",
"f",
"##ss",
")",
"in",
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".",
"martin",
"w",
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"##take",
"##r",
",",
"the",
"scientist",
"who",
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"##ss",
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",",
"spoke",
"of",
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"huge",
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"of",
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":",
"\"",
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"every",
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"to",
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"a",
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"'",
"spider",
"'",
"s",
"web",
"'",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"centre",
"of",
"it",
"all",
".",
".",
".",
"was",
"philip",
"smith",
".",
"in",
"20",
"years",
"of",
"working",
"for",
"the",
"f",
"##ss",
",",
"i",
"have"
] | 879,763 |
and included 100 police officers and 50 support staff from the west midlands and west mercia forces. detectives viewed hundreds of hours of cctv footage, gathered more than 100 separate exhibits and interviewed witnesses. evidence was analysed by scientists from the forensic science service ( fss ) in birmingham. martin whittaker, the scientist who headed the fss team, spoke of the huge volume of evidence : " the team pulled together every strand of forensic evidence to create a kind of'spider's web'and in the centre of it all... was philip smith. in 20 years of working for the fss, i have
| 2,095 |
[
"never",
"had",
"to",
"deal",
"with",
"so",
"much",
"evidence",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"one",
"suspect",
".",
"it",
"was",
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"overwhelming",
".",
"\"",
"although",
"smith",
"maintained",
"his",
"innocence",
",",
"detectives",
"quickly",
"gathered",
"evidence",
"linking",
"him",
"to",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"'",
"s",
"death",
"and",
"those",
"of",
"the",
"other",
"two",
"women",
".",
"witnesses",
"had",
"seen",
"him",
"leaving",
"the",
"rainbow",
"with",
"both",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"and",
"hyde",
",",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"the",
"last",
"person",
"to",
"see",
"them",
"both",
"alive",
".",
"cc",
"##tv",
"footage",
"from",
"around",
"birmingham",
"showed",
"his",
"distinctive",
"car",
"visiting",
"key",
"locations",
"linked",
"to",
"the",
"investigation",
",",
"and",
"even",
"captured",
"hyde",
"getting",
"out",
"at",
"one",
"point",
"to",
"visit",
"a",
"chemist",
".",
"smith",
"was",
"seen",
"buying",
"petrol",
"from",
"a",
"filling",
"station",
"and",
"driving",
"near",
"the",
"area",
"where",
"hyde",
"'",
"s",
"body",
"was",
"later",
"discovered"
] | 879,764 |
never had to deal with so much evidence in relation to one suspect. it was quite overwhelming. " although smith maintained his innocence, detectives quickly gathered evidence linking him to corcoran's death and those of the other two women. witnesses had seen him leaving the rainbow with both corcoran and hyde, and he was the last person to see them both alive. cctv footage from around birmingham showed his distinctive car visiting key locations linked to the investigation, and even captured hyde getting out at one point to visit a chemist. smith was seen buying petrol from a filling station and driving near the area where hyde's body was later discovered
| 2,095 |
[
".",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"was",
"seen",
"on",
"camera",
"struggling",
"with",
"smith",
"outside",
"monte",
"carlo",
"'",
"s",
".",
"cc",
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",",
"a",
"town",
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"to",
"dr",
"##oit",
"##wich",
",",
"after",
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"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
",",
"and",
"later",
"film",
"showed",
"him",
"returning",
"to",
"birmingham",
".",
"at",
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"two",
"witnesses",
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"seeing",
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"with",
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"on",
"him",
":",
"a",
"motor",
"##ist",
"who",
"saw",
"him",
"buying",
"petrol",
",",
"and",
"another",
"who",
"spoke",
"with",
"smith",
"about",
"his",
"appearance",
".",
"smith",
"told",
"the",
"latter",
"that",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"in",
"a",
"fight",
",",
"although",
"he",
"had",
"no",
"visible",
"signs",
"of",
"injury",
".",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"the",
"evidence",
"of",
"witnesses",
"and",
"cc",
"##tv",
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",",
"there",
"was",
"substantial",
"forensic",
"evidence",
"linking",
"him",
"to",
"the",
"murders",
".",
"investigators",
"found"
] | 879,765 |
. corcoran was seen on camera struggling with smith outside monte carlo's. cctv footage showed him driving around bromsgrove, a town close to droitwich, after killing corcoran, and later film showed him returning to birmingham. at least two witnesses recalled seeing smith with blood on him : a motorist who saw him buying petrol, and another who spoke with smith about his appearance. smith told the latter that he had been in a fight, although he had no visible signs of injury. in addition to the evidence of witnesses and cctv cameras, there was substantial forensic evidence linking him to the murders. investigators found
| 2,096 |
[
"over",
"a",
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"blood",
"##sta",
"##ins",
"on",
"his",
"car",
",",
"on",
"his",
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"and",
"in",
"his",
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",",
"all",
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"the",
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".",
"there",
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"he",
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"co",
"##rco",
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"and",
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",",
"which",
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"was",
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".",
"smith",
"had",
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"his",
"clothes",
"in",
"the",
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"his",
"flat",
"along",
"with",
"a",
"pair",
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"to",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
",",
"and",
"a",
"bag",
"containing",
"items",
"belonging",
"to",
"hyde",
"was",
"discovered",
"outside",
".",
"detectives",
"matched",
"the",
"tyre",
"marks",
"from",
"his",
"car",
",",
"which",
"had",
"four",
"different",
"types",
"of",
"tyre",
",",
"to",
"the",
"worcestershire",
"murder",
"scene",
"and",
"to",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"'",
"s",
"body",
",",
"over",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"driven"
] | 879,766 |
over a dozen bloodstains on his car, on his clothing and in his flat, all matching the victims. there were bloodstains on the boots with which he had kicked both corcoran and jordan, which he was still wearing at the time of his arrest. smith had tried to clean his clothes in the bath of his flat along with a pair of trousers belonging to corcoran, and a bag containing items belonging to hyde was discovered outside. detectives matched the tyre marks from his car, which had four different types of tyre, to the worcestershire murder scene and to corcoran's body, over which he had driven
| 1,043 |
[
".",
"paint",
"##work",
"and",
"fragments",
"of",
"glass",
"found",
"on",
"jordan",
"'",
"s",
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"from",
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"'",
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",",
"including",
"a",
"broken",
"light",
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"which",
"he",
"had",
"thrown",
"into",
"the",
"car",
"'",
"s",
"boot",
".",
"smith",
"was",
"charged",
"with",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"'",
"s",
"murder",
"on",
"17",
"november",
"2000",
"and",
"re",
"##man",
"##ded",
"in",
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"the",
"following",
"day",
".",
"by",
"this",
"time",
"her",
"death",
"had",
"been",
"linked",
"to",
"the",
"killing",
"of",
"hyde",
".",
"police",
"interviewed",
"smith",
"in",
"connection",
"with",
"the",
"deaths",
"of",
"hyde",
"and",
"jordan",
"on",
"28",
"november",
"and",
"charged",
"him",
"with",
"their",
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"two",
"days",
"later",
".",
"while",
"awaiting",
"trial",
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"was",
"held",
"as",
"a",
"category",
"a",
"prisoner",
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"the",
"high",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"security",
"wood",
"##hill",
"prison",
"in",
"buckinghamshire",
".",
"=",
"=",
"trial",
"and"
] | 879,767 |
. paintwork and fragments of glass found on jordan's body matched those from smith's car, including a broken light cluster which he had thrown into the car's boot. smith was charged with corcoran's murder on 17 november 2000 and remanded in custody the following day. by this time her death had been linked to the killing of hyde. police interviewed smith in connection with the deaths of hyde and jordan on 28 november and charged him with their murders two days later. while awaiting trial smith was held as a category a prisoner in the high @ - @ security woodhill prison in buckinghamshire. = = trial and
| 521 |
[
"sentence",
"=",
"=",
"smith",
"'",
"s",
"trial",
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"leicester",
"crown",
"court",
"on",
"3",
"july",
"2001",
",",
"where",
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"three",
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",",
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",",
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"was",
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"by",
"rachel",
"brand",
",",
"qc",
".",
"on",
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"day",
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"\"",
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"compelling",
"\"",
"scientific",
"evidence",
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"smith",
"to",
"the",
"killings",
".",
"smith",
"'",
"s",
"defence",
"was",
"that",
"traces",
"of",
"blood",
"found",
"on",
"his",
"clothes",
"were",
"there",
"because",
"police",
"had",
"tam",
"##per",
"##ed",
"with",
"evidence",
",",
"while",
"the",
"trousers",
"belonging",
"to",
"rosemary",
"co",
"##rco",
"##ran",
"found",
"at",
"his",
"flat",
"had",
"been",
"among",
"a",
"bag",
"of",
"clothes",
"smith",
"had",
"stolen",
"from",
"outside",
"an"
] | 879,768 |
sentence = = smith's trial began at leicester crown court on 3 july 2001, where he pleaded not guilty to the three murder charges. the case was prosecuted by tim raggatt, qc, and smith was defended by rachel brand, qc. on the opening day of the trial raggatt told the court there was " powerful and compelling " scientific evidence linking smith to the killings. smith's defence was that traces of blood found on his clothes were there because police had tampered with evidence, while the trousers belonging to rosemary corcoran found at his flat had been among a bag of clothes smith had stolen from outside an
| 521 |
[
"ox",
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".",
"on",
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".",
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"said",
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"to",
"his",
"barrister",
".",
"presiding",
"judge",
"raf",
"##fer",
"##ty",
"told",
"him",
"that",
"he",
"must",
"answer",
"questions",
",",
"to",
"which",
"smith",
"replied",
":",
"\"",
"i",
"want",
"to",
"change",
"my",
"plea",
".",
"i",
"'",
"m",
"fed",
"up",
"with",
"this",
".",
"i",
"want",
"to",
"change",
"my",
"plea",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"charges",
"were",
"read",
"to",
"him",
"again",
"the",
"following",
"day",
",",
"and",
"he",
"pleaded",
"guilty",
".",
"on",
"18",
"july",
"2001",
"smith",
"was",
"sentenced",
"to"
] | 879,769 |
oxfam shop. on 17 july smith complained of feeling unwell with chest and eye pain while under cross @ - @ examination, and proceedings were briefly halted while he was treated for the symptoms of a panic attack. when smith returned to the witness stand, he said he wished to speak to his barrister. presiding judge rafferty told him that he must answer questions, to which smith replied : " i want to change my plea. i'm fed up with this. i want to change my plea. " the charges were read to him again the following day, and he pleaded guilty. on 18 july 2001 smith was sentenced to
| 2,575 |
[
"life",
"imprisonment",
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"2005",
"birmingham",
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"to",
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"during",
"a",
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"on",
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"flat",
"after",
"his",
"arrest",
",",
"and",
"that",
"he",
"wanted",
"the",
"money",
"to",
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"mars",
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"in",
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".",
"passing",
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",",
"raf",
"##fer",
"##ty",
"said",
":",
"\"",
"you",
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"three",
"innocent",
"ladies",
"of",
"their",
"lives",
".",
"i",
"suspect",
"that",
"their",
"families",
"will",
"suffer",
"the",
"more",
"as",
"they",
"simply",
"don",
"'",
"t",
"understand",
"why",
"you",
"did",
".",
"the",
"brutality",
"of",
"these",
"ladies",
"'",
"deaths",
",",
"designed",
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"you",
"to",
"evade",
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"the",
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",",
"is",
"app",
"##all",
"##ing",
".",
"you",
"should",
"clearly",
"have",
"faced",
"up"
] | 879,770 |
life imprisonment. in january 2005 birmingham's sunday mercury newspaper reported that smith had decided to change his plea after police agreed to return £ 400 confiscated from him during a raid on his flat after his arrest, and that he wanted the money to buy mars bars in prison. passing sentence, rafferty said : " you robbed three innocent ladies of their lives. i suspect that their families will suffer the more as they simply don't understand why you did. the brutality of these ladies'deaths, designed by you to evade discovery, showing the coldness with which you dispatched them, is appalling. you should clearly have faced up
| 513 |
[
"like",
"a",
"man",
"at",
"the",
"overwhelming",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"crown",
"'",
"s",
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"\"",
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"=",
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"=",
"=",
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"their",
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"into",
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"'",
"s",
"background",
",",
"police",
"launched",
"an",
"investigation",
"into",
"the",
"death",
"of",
"a",
"fourth",
"woman",
"who",
"was",
"discovered",
"to",
"have",
"had",
"links",
"to",
"him",
".",
"patricia",
"l",
"##yn",
"##ott",
",",
"a",
"47",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"year",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"old",
"divorced",
"mother",
"of",
"two",
",",
"had",
"moved",
"to",
"birmingham"
] | 879,771 |
like a man at the overwhelming nature of the crown's case against you but you chose to put the victims'families through misery which you compounded by this trial. " the motive for smith's actions remained unclear after the trial, but police believed a " lack of permanent sexual relations " had been a contributing factor. = = further inquiries = = as a result of their inquiries into smith's background, police launched an investigation into the death of a fourth woman who was discovered to have had links to him. patricia lynott, a 47 @ - @ year @ - @ old divorced mother of two, had moved to birmingham
| 521 |
[
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"at",
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"##one",
"during",
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",",
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".",
"police",
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"of",
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".",
"an",
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"to",
"establish",
"a",
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",",
"and",
"her",
"body",
"was",
"returned",
"to",
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"for",
"burial",
".",
"because",
"l",
"##yn",
"##ott",
"had",
"worked",
"alongside",
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"at",
"the",
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".",
"in",
"early",
"2001",
",",
"investigators",
"asked",
"the",
"irish"
] | 879,772 |
from athlone during the mid @ - @ 1990s. on 23 october 2000, while she was employed at the rainbow as a cleaner and to look after the licensee's children, she was found dead in the bedroom of her flat on maxstoke street, bordesley green. police believed at first that she had died of natural causes. an autopsy failed to establish a cause of death, and her body was returned to ireland for burial. because lynott had worked alongside smith at the rainbow pub, west midlands police wished to re @ - @ examine the cause of her death. in early 2001, investigators asked the irish
| 348 |
[
"authorities",
"for",
"a",
"new",
"post",
"mort",
"##em",
",",
"and",
"on",
"8",
"march",
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"dr",
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"ha",
"##rb",
"##ison",
".",
"however",
",",
"the",
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"of",
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"proved",
"inc",
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"##clusive",
".",
"an",
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"##yn",
"##ott",
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"s",
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"at",
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"s",
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"in",
"january",
"2003",
".",
"the",
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"was",
"told",
"that",
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"on",
"her",
"back",
"and",
"an",
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"br",
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"but",
"the",
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"who",
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"post",
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"##em",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"sure",
"how",
"she"
] | 879,773 |
authorities for a new post mortem, and on 8 march lynott's body was exhumed by gardai from a cemetery in athlone and taken to dublin city morgue for further examination by ireland's state pathologist, dr john harbison. however, the results of this autopsy also proved inconclusive. an inquest into lynott's death was held at birmingham coroner's court in january 2003. the hearing was told that marks found on her back and an arm may have been bruising, but the pathologist who conducted the original post mortem could not be sure how she
| 349 |
[
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"because",
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"years",
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",",
"including",
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"and",
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"mer",
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"cases",
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"areas",
".",
"detectives",
"interviewed",
"smith",
"three",
"times"
] | 879,774 |
had died, because her body had lain undiscovered for up to seven days. it was also said that, despite her connection with smith, police and four pathologists had failed to establish that lynott had been murdered. the inquest jury returned an open verdict. police also conducted a routine re @ - @ examination of other unsolved murder cases dating back 20 years in areas where smith had lived. officers from west midlands police held a conference in october 2001 with representatives from several other forces, including gloucestershire and west mercia, to share information about unsolved murder cases in their areas. detectives interviewed smith three times
| 541 |
[
",",
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"and",
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"=",
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".",
"it",
"is",
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"among",
"the",
"top",
"5",
"b",
"@",
"-"
] | 879,775 |
, but he refused to answer their questions, and no further charges were brought. = indian institute of management lucknow = the indian institute of management lucknow ( abbreviated iim lucknow or iim @ - @ l ) is an autonomous public business school located in lucknow, uttar pradesh, india. it was established in 1984 as the fourth indian institute of management ( iim ) by the government of india. iim lucknow offers post @ - @ graduate diploma, fellowship and executive programs in management. it is recognised as an " institution of excellence " by the india's ministry of human resource development. it is ranked among the top 5 b @ -
| 667 |
[
"@",
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".",
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"for",
"student",
"exchange",
".",
"many",
"management",
"events"
] | 879,776 |
@ schools in india. iim lucknow also serves as the mentor institution for the newly established iim rohtak and iim kashipur. the institute is situated in a 200 @ - @ acre site in the northern outskirts of lucknow. it has a satellite campus at noida exclusively for executive education. the admission for the post graduate and fellowship programmes is done through common admission test ( cat ), while gmat score is used for the executive mba program. the programs are accredited by the global accreditation body amba. the institute has tie ups with 24 leading b @ - @ schools across the world for student exchange. many management events
| 1,069 |
[
",",
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"the",
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"graduate",
"programme",
"(",
"pg"
] | 879,777 |
, competitions, cultural and sports events are organised by various committees throughout the year. iim lucknow was established in 1984 and is currently a centrally funded institution. it is the fourth indian institute of management to be established in india after iim calcutta, iim ahmedabad, and iim bangalore. noted academician ishwar dayal played a significant role in setting up the institution, who also served as the founding director of iim lucknow for a period of four years. industrialist hari shankar singhania, took over as the chairman of board of governors in 1992, served for a period of 15 years till 2007. the post graduate programme ( pg
| 613 |
[
"##p",
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"of",
"13",
"students",
".",
"in",
"2005",
",",
"ii",
"##m",
"lucknow"
] | 879,778 |
##p ) was started in 1985 – 86 with a strength of 30 students. when the institute was established, classes were held in rented rooms at butler palace and subsequently moved to giri institute of developmental studies. the current campus was built in 1992 in the outskirts of lucknow. the institute runs with the mission to help improve management systems with regard to business, industry and public services through pursuit of excellence in management education, research, consultancy and training. tie ups were made with three foreign universities in 2001 to start the student exchange program. the agribusiness course was started in 2004 with a strength of 13 students. in 2005, iim lucknow
| 1,073 |
[
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"academic",
"buildings"
] | 879,779 |
established a second campus at noida leveraging its locational advantage of nearness to delhi. the noida campus was established exclusively for executive education. iim lucknow is the first iim in the country to start an additional campus. iim lucknow main campus spans 200 acres ( 81 ha ) and is located in prabandh nagar on the outskirts of lucknow, uttar pradesh, india. it is located at 21 kilometres ( 13 mi ) away from lucknow railway station and 31 kilometres ( 19 mi ) from lucknow airport. iim lucknow also has a city office at aliganj. = = = academic infrastructure = = = the academic buildings
| 1,093 |
[
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"constructed",
"in",
"medieval",
"indian",
"architectural",
"style",
"with",
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".",
"all",
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"g",
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"##oda",
"##ya",
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"@",
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".",
"ft",
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"capacity",
"for",
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".",
"the",
"library",
"houses",
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"collection",
"of",
"40",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"books",
",",
"500",
"periodicals",
"and",
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"to",
"1600",
"e",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"journals",
"and",
"34",
"e",
"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 879,780 |
are constructed in medieval indian architectural style with red brick wall texture. all the major buildings in the campus are named in sanskrit symbolising the activities conducted in them. the academic blocks ( bodhigrih @ - @ i and ii ) houses classrooms and seminar halls. the faculty block ( chintan ) houses faculty rooms and fellowship classrooms. the library ( gyanodaya ) spanning 30 @, @ 000 sq. ft has five reading halls with a total seating capacity for 250 people. the library houses a collection of 40 @, @ 000 books, 500 periodicals and online subscription to 1600 e @ - @ journals and 34 e @ - @
| 1,091 |
[
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".",
"the",
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"audio",
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"and",
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"to",
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"the",
"campus",
".",
"the",
"management",
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"block",
"(",
"man",
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"catering",
"to",
"the",
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"term",
"executive",
"programs",
"has",
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"library",
",",
"computer",
"centre",
"and",
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"pat",
"##an",
"##jali",
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"for",
"the",
"participants",
".",
"the",
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"for",
"food",
"and",
"ag",
"##ri",
"##bus",
"##iness",
"management",
"undertake",
"##s",
"ag",
"##ri",
"##bus",
"##iness",
"research",
"and",
"consultancy",
"projects",
"and",
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"the",
"ag",
"##ri",
"##bus",
"##iness",
"management",
"course",
".",
"the",
"institute",
"has",
"an",
"inc",
"##uba",
"##tion"
] | 879,781 |
databases. the library building also houses the computer centre, audio visual lab, enterprise resource planning lab and a videoconferencing hall. the 15 @, @ 000 sq. ft computer centre has a fibre optic backbone network and provides wireless connectivity to all the buildings in the campus. the management development block ( manthan ) catering to the short term executive programs has exclusive library, computer centre and guest house ( patanjali ) for the participants. the centre for food and agribusiness management undertakes agribusiness research and consultancy projects and also offers the agribusiness management course. the institute has an incubation
| 1,091 |
[
"centre",
"(",
"ab",
"##hi",
"##yan",
")",
"for",
"supporting",
"the",
"entrepreneur",
"##ial",
"plans",
"of",
"its",
"students",
"and",
"alumni",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"social",
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"=",
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"while",
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",",
"basketball",
",",
"volleyball",
",",
"tennis",
",",
"badminton",
",",
"most",
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"the",
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"##s",
"have",
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"and",
"badminton",
"court",
".",
"a",
"fitness",
"and",
"recreation",
"centre",
"(",
"um",
"##ang",
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"was",
"set",
"up",
"in",
"2010",
",",
"which",
"houses",
"gymnasium",
",",
"swimming",
"pool",
",",
"squash",
"and",
"bill",
"##iard",
"##s",
".",
"the",
"multi",
"##pur",
"##pose",
"utility",
"hall",
"(",
"sam",
"##an",
"##jas",
"##ya",
")",
"is",
"used",
"to",
"host",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"cultural"
] | 879,782 |
centre ( abhiyan ) for supporting the entrepreneurial plans of its students and alumni. = = = social infrastructure = = = as a fully residential collegiate system, the institute provides housing to its students, faculty and research scholars. while the campus has separate sports fields for football, cricket, basketball, volleyball, tennis, badminton, most of the hostels have their own table tennis and badminton court. a fitness and recreation centre ( umang ) was set up in 2010, which houses gymnasium, swimming pool, squash and billiards. the multipurpose utility hall ( samanjasya ) is used to host most of the cultural
| 1,312 |
[
"activities",
"in",
"the",
"campus",
".",
"the",
"campus",
"has",
"a",
"health",
"centre",
"with",
"residential",
"and",
"visiting",
"doctors",
"available",
"round",
"the",
"clock",
".",
"the",
"centre",
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"an",
"ambulance",
"to",
"reach",
"associated",
"hospitals",
".",
"the",
"two",
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"chan",
"##ak",
"##ya",
"and",
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"##an",
"##jali",
"has",
"a",
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"of",
"128",
"serviced",
"rooms",
".",
"the",
"campus",
"has",
"a",
"students",
"activities",
"complex",
"which",
"houses",
"two",
"banks",
",",
"a",
"medical",
"shop",
",",
"a",
"travel",
"agency",
",",
"a",
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"a",
"post",
"office",
",",
"a",
"saloon",
",",
"a",
"coffee",
"shop",
",",
"an",
"ice",
"##cre",
"##am",
"par",
"##lou",
"##r",
"and",
"three",
"restaurants",
".",
"a",
"central",
"school",
"(",
"ken",
"##dr",
"##iya",
"vi",
"##dya",
"##laya",
")",
"was",
"established",
"opposite",
"the",
"campus",
"as",
"a",
"community",
"school",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"environmental",
"responsibility",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"tree",
"plantation"
] | 879,783 |
activities in the campus. the campus has a health centre with residential and visiting doctors available round the clock. the centre also has an ambulance to reach associated hospitals. the two guest houses chanakya and patanjali has a total of 128 serviced rooms. the campus has a students activities complex which houses two banks, a medical shop, a travel agency, a super market, a post office, a saloon, a coffee shop, an icecream parlour and three restaurants. a central school ( kendriya vidyalaya ) was established opposite the campus as a community school. = = = environmental responsibility = = = tree plantation
| 1,093 |
[
"campaign",
"is",
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"every",
"year",
"on",
"the",
"foundation",
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"and",
"the",
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".",
"the",
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"##s",
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"tree",
"lined",
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".",
"red",
"##iff",
"listed",
"ii",
"##m",
"lucknow",
"as",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
"school",
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"in",
"india",
".",
"=",
"=",
"organisation",
"=",
"=",
"ii",
"##m",
"lucknow",
"is",
"an",
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"established",
"as",
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"registered",
"society",
"under",
"the",
"union",
"ministry",
"of",
"human",
"resource",
"development",
",",
"govt",
".",
"of",
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".",
"the",
"ii",
"##m",
"council",
"acts",
"as",
"an",
"overseeing",
"body",
"to",
"facilitate"
] | 879,784 |
campaign is undertaken every year on the foundation day and the campus, which was started in barren lands, has been converted into a natural ecosystem consisting of peacocks, monitor lizards, snakes, porcupines, monkeys, great indian horned owl and a variety of other birds. the college consists of open lawns and tree lined pathways. rediff listed iim lucknow as one of the beautiful b @ - @ school campuses in india. = = organisation = = iim lucknow is an autonomous institution established as a registered society under the union ministry of human resource development, govt. of india. the iim council acts as an overseeing body to facilitate
| 1,728 |
[
"coordination",
"among",
"the",
"different",
"ii",
"##ms",
".",
"the",
"board",
"of",
"governors",
"of",
"ii",
"##m",
"lucknow",
"is",
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"by",
"jam",
"##shed",
"j",
".",
"iran",
"##i",
",",
"the",
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".",
"the",
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"10",
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"##s",
",",
"four",
"government",
"representatives",
"and",
"three",
"academic",
"##ians",
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"the",
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"and",
"two",
"dean",
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"of",
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".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
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"=",
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"ii",
"##m",
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"the",
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"is",
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"and",
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"appointments",
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"of",
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"of",
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"of",
"human",
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".",
"the",
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"separate",
"dean",
"##s",
"for",
"academic",
"affairs",
",",
"planning",
"and",
"development",
"and",
"no",
"##ida",
"campus",
".",
"each",
"of",
"the",
"academic",
"programmes",
"is",
"overseen",
"by",
"a",
"separate"
] | 879,785 |
coordination among the different iims. the board of governors of iim lucknow is chaired by jamshed j. irani, the former managing director of tata steel. the board consists of 10 industrialists, four government representatives and three academicians in addition to the director and two deans of the institution. = = = administration = = = the director of iim lucknow, the head of the institution, is selected and appointed by the appointments committee of the cabinet of ministry of human resource development. the institute has three separate deans for academic affairs, planning and development and noida campus. each of the academic programmes is overseen by a separate
| 1,165 |
[
"faculty",
"chairperson",
".",
"the",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"academic",
"functions",
"such",
"as",
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",",
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"and",
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",",
"alumni",
"affairs",
",",
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"and",
"student",
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"are",
"also",
"chaired",
"by",
"faculty",
"and",
"assisted",
"by",
"student",
"committees",
".",
"the",
"office",
"administration",
"is",
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"separately",
"without",
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"and",
"is",
"headed",
"by",
"the",
"chief",
"administrative",
"officer",
".",
"the",
"elected",
"body",
"of",
"students",
"'",
"council",
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"all",
"the",
"student",
"activities",
"in",
"the",
"campus",
".",
"ii",
"##m",
"lucknow",
"has",
"achieved",
"100",
"%",
"summer",
"placement",
"##s",
"in",
"4",
"days",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"controversy",
"on",
"director",
"appointments",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"m",
"##hr",
"##d",
"issued",
"a",
"letter",
"on",
"september",
",",
"2014",
"(",
"do",
"4",
"/",
"4",
"/",
"2013",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ts",
".",
"v",
")",
")",
"addressed",
"to",
"jam",
"##shed"
] | 879,786 |
faculty chairperson. the non @ - @ academic functions such as placements, corporate and media relations, alumni affairs, admissions and student affairs are also chaired by faculty and assisted by student committees. the office administration is carried out separately without the involvement of faculty and is headed by the chief administrative officer. the elected body of students'council coordinates all the student activities in the campus. iim lucknow has achieved 100 % summer placements in 4 days. = = = controversy on director appointments = = = mhrd issued a letter on september, 2014 ( do 4 / 4 / 2013 @ - @ ts. v ) ) addressed to jamshed
| 1,152 |
[
"j",
"iran",
"##i",
",",
"chairman",
",",
"board",
"of",
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",",
"ii",
"##m",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"l",
".",
"it",
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":",
"“",
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"to",
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"ii",
"##m",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"l",
"to",
"prof",
"sri",
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"##ta",
"##va",
"for",
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"of",
"six",
"months",
"with",
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"from",
"09",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"09",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"2014",
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"or",
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"further",
"order",
",",
"whichever",
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"earliest",
".",
"”",
"the",
"institute",
"did",
"not",
"execute",
"the",
"order",
"and",
"incumbent",
"director",
"devi",
"singh",
"who",
"completed",
"his",
"six",
"months",
"of",
"extension",
"period",
",",
"on",
"september",
"8",
"did",
"not",
"leave",
"office",
"even",
"after",
"receiving",
"the",
"letter",
".",
"as",
"a",
"result",
",",
"there",
"was",
"complete",
"confusion",
"at",
"ii",
"##m",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"l",
"campus",
"for"
] | 879,787 |
j irani, chairman, board of governors, iim @ - @ l. it reads : “ competent authority have directed to assign additional charge of director iim @ - @ l to prof srivastava for a period of six months with effect from 09 @ - @ 09 @ - @ 2014 or till appointment of regular director or until further order, whichever is earliest. ” the institute did not execute the order and incumbent director devi singh who completed his six months of extension period, on september 8 did not leave office even after receiving the letter. as a result, there was complete confusion at iim @ - @ l campus for
| 414 |
[
"almost",
"a",
"week",
".",
"the",
"allegations",
"against",
"devi",
"singh",
",",
"who",
"served",
"two",
"term",
"as",
"director",
"of",
"ii",
"##m",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"l",
",",
"ranges",
"from",
"ne",
"##pot",
"##ism",
"to",
"mis",
"##mana",
"##gement",
"of",
"accounts",
".",
"the",
"central",
"vi",
"##gil",
"##ance",
"commission",
"also",
"asked",
"the",
"hr",
"##d",
"ministry",
"to",
"`",
"re",
"investigate",
"'",
"allegations",
"of",
"corruption",
"against",
"devi",
"singh",
".",
"in",
"a",
"letter",
"to",
"the",
"higher",
"education",
"secretary",
",",
"cv",
"##c",
"secretary",
"ks",
"rama",
"##su",
"##bba",
"##n",
"has",
"asked",
"the",
"ministry",
"as",
"to",
"why",
"the",
"case",
"against",
"singh",
"is",
"being",
"closed",
"when",
"specific",
"allegations",
"have",
"not",
"been",
"answered",
".",
"the",
"cv",
"##c",
"has",
"taken",
"exception",
"to",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"the",
"case",
"is",
"being",
"closed",
"on",
"the",
"basis",
"of",
"an",
"\"",
"emotional",
"reply",
"\"",
"by",
"singh",
".",
"cv",
"##c"
] | 879,788 |
almost a week. the allegations against devi singh, who served two term as director of iim @ - @ l, ranges from nepotism to mismanagement of accounts. the central vigilance commission also asked the hrd ministry to ` re investigate'allegations of corruption against devi singh. in a letter to the higher education secretary, cvc secretary ks ramasubban has asked the ministry as to why the case against singh is being closed when specific allegations have not been answered. the cvc has taken exception to the fact that the case is being closed on the basis of an " emotional reply " by singh. cvc
| 413 |
[
"sources",
"said",
"the",
"ministry",
"had",
"taken",
"singh",
"'",
"s",
"reply",
"as",
"final",
".",
"\"",
"without",
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"how",
"can",
"general",
"comments",
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"taken",
"as",
"the",
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"?",
"\"",
"a",
"cv",
"##c",
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"asked",
".",
"cv",
"##c",
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".",
"\"",
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",",
"\"",
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"##c",
"official",
"said",
",",
"adding",
"that",
"the",
"hr",
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"ministry",
"was",
"to",
"be",
"blamed",
"for",
"not",
"following",
"the",
"procedure",
".",
"=",
"=",
"academics",
"=",
"=",
"ii",
"##m",
"lucknow",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
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"program",
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",",
"one",
"year",
"executive",
"mba",
"program",
",",
"fellowship",
"program",
"and",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"short",
"term",
"md",
"##p",
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".",
"the",
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] | 879,789 |
sources said the ministry had taken singh's reply as final. " without investigation how can general comments be taken as the final word? " a cvc official asked. cvc sources also said that the institute's board of governors had rejected allegations against singh. " this is not how an investigation is conducted, " the cvc official said, adding that the hrd ministry was to be blamed for not following the procedure. = = academics = = iim lucknow conducts regular two @ - @ year diploma program in management, one year executive mba program, fellowship program and a number of short term mdp programs. the management programmes of
| 667 |
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] | 879,790 |
iim lucknow are accredited by london @ - @ based amba association. = = = post graduate education = = = the post graduate programme in management ( pgp ) and post graduate programme in agribusiness management ( pgpabm ) are full @ - @ time residential diploma courses. these are two @ - @ year programs, with the first year stretching from june to march in three ten @ - @ week trimesters, after which students undergo a two @ - @ month summer intership with a company or organisation. the specialisations offered in the second year are finance, marketing, operations, human resources, systems,
| 1,085 |
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"the",
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"##se",
"##c",
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] | 879,791 |
strategy and economics ; while the pgpabm course students specialise in agribusiness. course of independent study and dissertation are also available based on merit. as a part of student exchange program, students spend three @ - @ month term in a foreign university during the period of october to december in their second year. every year around 50 students of iim lucknow are selected for the student exchange programs based on merit, while around 30 foreign students come to iim lucknow. iim lucknow has made student exchange relationships with 24 leading b schools in europe, usa, canada, singapore and china. the current partner institutions are essec business
| 1,090 |
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",",
"turk",
"##u",
"school",
"of",
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",",
"university",
"of",
"amsterdam"
] | 879,792 |
school, ecole de management, jean moulin university, reims school of management, european school of management, toulouse business school, institute national des telecommunications, esc bretagne brest, european business school, leipzig school of management, george mason university, university of connecticut, mcmaster university, brock university, carleton university, louvain catholic university, copenhagen business school, esade business school, jonkoping international business school, university of st. gallen, bocconi university, mip politecnico di milano, athens university of economics and business, national university of singapore, turku school of economics, university of amsterdam
| 667 |
[
",",
"beijing",
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"disciplines",
"of",
"business",
"environment",
",",
"communication",
",",
"decision",
"sciences",
","
] | 879,793 |
, beijing jiaotong university. the dual degree program, offered in association with the escp europe business school in france, awards degrees from both the institutes after students spend a year in each. about four or five students are selected each year for the program. students, after completing two trimesters ( july – september and october – december ) at iim lucknow, spend two semesters ( january – may and september – december ) at escp europe's paris campus and return to iim lucknow to complete the final term from january to march. the courses are taught under eleven diverse disciplines of business environment, communication, decision sciences,
| 1,088 |
[
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".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"post",
"graduate"
] | 879,794 |
finance and accounting, marketing, human resource management, operations management, information technology and systems, strategic management, agribusiness management and legal management. students are trained in management using lectures, case studies, projects, workshops, management games and role plays under a rigorous syllabus. they are evaluated based on examinations, projects, quizzes, presentations and class participation under a relative grading system. the academic learning is supplemented by the various live projects, management competitions, guest lectures and interactions with alumni and industry leaders organised by the various committees. students also get a chance to provide consultancy to various companies and get paid. = = = post graduate
| 1,083 |
[
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"having",
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"experience",
"."
] | 879,795 |
programme for executives = = = international programme in management for executives ( ipmx ) is a one @ - @ year, full @ - @ time mba programme for executives, offered at iim lucknow's noida campus. the programme admits only candidates with a minimum of five years professional experience. the course consists of four 10 @ - @ week terms including a two to three @ - @ week stint at one of the partner universities of iim lucknow. the working managers'programme ( wmp ), offered at the noida campus, is a part @ - @ time programme designed for executives having a minimum of three years professional experience.
| 1,091 |
[
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"f",
"##pm",
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"four",
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] | 879,796 |
it consists of nine terms that stretches for 27 months. management development programmes ( mdp ) are tailor made programs to train executives in specific industry, government and non @ - @ governmental organisations. these programs, which typically last three to five days, are customised by subject or target group. around 50 to 60 programs are conducted every year. a one @ - @ year general management program is offered through virtual classroom. as a combined initiative with the ministry of defence, a six @ - @ month general management programme is conducted for defence officers to assist their career transition to corporate sector. fellow programme in management ( fpm ) is a four @
| 667 |
[
"-",
"@",
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"in",
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"providing",
"free"
] | 879,797 |
- @ year doctoral programme in management started in 2000. candidates with master's degrees or engineering undergraduate degrees are eligible for admission. while the mandatory course work is undertaken in the first year and specialisation in the second year, the research thesis starts in the beginning of third year after a comprehensive examination. students who have completed pgdm from any of the iims are admitted directly to the second year. the specialisations offered are decision sciences, economics, finance and accounting, human resources management, information technology and systems, marketing management, operations management and strategic management. the institute does not charge tuition fees for fellowship program in addition to providing free
| 1,085 |
[
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"november",
"every",
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".",
"applications"
] | 879,798 |
hostel facility. iim lucknow was ranked no. 4 by cnbc @ - @ tv18's top b @ - @ schools in india in 2012 and by hindustan times in india's top 50 business schools of 2011. the institute was ranked no. 5 by the business today in the list of 50 best business schools of 2011 and ranked no. 6 by careers360's top public b @ - @ schools in india in 2016. admission to the post graduate programs and fellowship program is done through the common admission test ( cat ), which is jointly conducted by the iims in the month of november every year. applications
| 1,071 |
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"\"",
"b",
"##ha",
"##vish",
"##ya",
"\"",
"was",
"formed"
] | 879,799 |
are shortlisted based on cat scores, scholastic achievement and work experience. the weightage given for each of these components varies each year. the candidates are called for group discussions and personal interviews, conducted in various cities of india in the months of february and march. the final selection is based upon the performance in cat, scholastic achievement, work experience and performance in group discussion and personal interview. admissions to the ipmx program are done based on gmat score, work profile and personal interview. = = social responsibilities = = iim lucknow has been involved in many social initiatives in collaboration with ngos. a separate committee " bhavishya " was formed
| 2,303 |
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