tokens
list | idx
int64 0
880k
| text
stringlengths 155
866
| cluster
int64 0
3k
|
|---|---|---|---|
[
"the",
"first",
"generation",
"vol",
"##ts",
"will",
"be",
"obsolete",
"when",
"the",
"new",
"ones",
"come",
"out",
"in",
"2015",
".",
"considering",
"these",
"assumptions",
",",
"consumer",
"reports",
"considers",
"that",
"\"",
"at",
"this",
"point",
"we",
"believe",
"it",
"’",
"s",
"still",
"unclear",
"how",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"will",
"fare",
".",
"\"",
"pe",
"##can",
"street",
"demonstration",
"project",
"general",
"motors",
"is",
"sponsoring",
"the",
"pe",
"##can",
"street",
"demonstration",
"project",
"at",
"the",
"mueller",
"neighborhood",
"in",
"austin",
",",
"texas",
".",
"the",
"project",
"objective",
"is",
"to",
"learn",
"the",
"charging",
"patterns",
"of",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"car",
"owners",
",",
"and",
"to",
"study",
"how",
"a",
"residential",
"fleet",
"of",
"electric",
"vehicles",
"might",
"strain",
"the",
"electric",
"grid",
"if",
"all",
"owners",
"try",
"to",
"charge",
"them",
"at",
"the",
"same",
",",
"which",
"is",
"what",
"the",
"preliminary",
"monitoring",
"found",
"when",
"the",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"cars"
] | 878,600 |
the first generation volts will be obsolete when the new ones come out in 2015. considering these assumptions, consumer reports considers that " at this point we believe it ’ s still unclear how the volt will fare. " pecan street demonstration project general motors is sponsoring the pecan street demonstration project at the mueller neighborhood in austin, texas. the project objective is to learn the charging patterns of plug @ - @ in electric car owners, and to study how a residential fleet of electric vehicles might strain the electric grid if all owners try to charge them at the same, which is what the preliminary monitoring found when the plug @ - @ in cars
| 1,045 |
[
"return",
"home",
"in",
"the",
"evening",
".",
"as",
"of",
"june",
"2013",
",",
"the",
"community",
"has",
"nearly",
"60",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"owners",
"alone",
"thanks",
"to",
"gm",
"'",
"s",
"commitment",
"to",
"match",
"the",
"federal",
"government",
"'",
"s",
"us",
"$",
"7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"500",
"re",
"##bate",
"incentive",
",",
"which",
"halves",
"the",
"purchase",
"price",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"chevrolet",
"began",
"taking",
"orders",
"in",
"may",
"2011",
"and",
"deliveries",
"began",
"in",
"september",
"2011",
"in",
"major",
"cities",
"only",
".",
"during",
"2012",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"was",
"the",
"best",
"selling",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"car",
"in",
"canada",
",",
"outs",
"##elling",
"all",
"other",
"pe",
"##vs",
"combined",
".",
"despite",
"a",
"24",
"%",
"reduction",
"from",
"2012",
"sales",
",",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"continued",
"as",
"the",
"top",
"selling",
"pe",
"##v",
"in",
"the",
"canadian",
"market",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"again",
"in"
] | 878,601 |
return home in the evening. as of june 2013, the community has nearly 60 chevrolet volt owners alone thanks to gm's commitment to match the federal government's us $ 7 @, @ 500 rebate incentive, which halves the purchase price of the volt. chevrolet began taking orders in may 2011 and deliveries began in september 2011 in major cities only. during 2012 the volt was the best selling plug @ - @ in car in canada, outselling all other pevs combined. despite a 24 % reduction from 2012 sales, the volt continued as the top selling pev in the canadian market in 2013, and again in
| 1,042 |
[
"2014",
"with",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"521",
"units",
".",
"as",
"of",
"december",
"2015",
",",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"continued",
"to",
"rank",
"as",
"the",
"top",
"selling",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"car",
"in",
"canada",
".",
"since",
"september",
"2011",
",",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"6",
"@",
",",
"@",
"38",
"##7",
"vol",
"##ts",
"have",
"been",
"delivered",
"in",
"canada",
"through",
"may",
"2016",
".",
"the",
"monthly",
"sales",
"record",
"was",
"set",
"in",
"may",
"2016",
"with",
"270",
"deliveries",
".",
"the",
"suggested",
"retail",
"price",
"(",
"ms",
"##rp",
")",
"for",
"the",
"2012",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"starts",
"at",
"ca",
"$",
"41",
"@",
",",
"@",
"54",
"##5",
"(",
"us",
"$",
"42",
"@",
",",
"@",
"42",
"##3",
"in",
"june",
"2011",
")",
"which",
"exclude",
"##s",
"any",
"charges",
",",
"fees",
",",
"and",
"optional",
"equipment",
"and",
"before",
"any",
"available",
"subsidies",
"or",
"incentives",
"for",
"qualifying"
] | 878,602 |
2014 with 1 @, @ 521 units. as of december 2015, the volt continued to rank as the top selling plug @ - @ in electric car in canada. since september 2011, a total of 6 @, @ 387 volts have been delivered in canada through may 2016. the monthly sales record was set in may 2016 with 270 deliveries. the suggested retail price ( msrp ) for the 2012 chevrolet volt starts at ca $ 41 @, @ 545 ( us $ 42 @, @ 423 in june 2011 ) which excludes any charges, fees, and optional equipment and before any available subsidies or incentives for qualifying
| 1,042 |
[
"buyers",
".",
"in",
"the",
"canadian",
"market",
",",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"is",
"offered",
"in",
"one",
"standard",
"trim",
"level",
"with",
"two",
"option",
"packages",
",",
"a",
"premium",
"trim",
"package",
"and",
"a",
"rear",
"camera",
"and",
"park",
"assist",
"package",
".",
"some",
"provinces",
"are",
"offering",
"government",
"incentives",
"including",
"ontario",
",",
"quebec",
"(",
"both",
"at",
"ca",
"$",
"8",
"@",
",",
"@",
"500",
"us",
"$",
"8",
"@",
",",
"@",
"680",
")",
"and",
"british",
"columbia",
"has",
"announced",
"their",
"new",
"lives",
"##mart",
"bc",
"program",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"qu",
"##ali",
"##fies",
"for",
"a",
"ca",
"$",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"incentive",
"/",
"re",
"##bate",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"ca",
"$",
"500",
"towards",
"charging",
"equipment",
".",
"the",
"european",
"version",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
",",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"(",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era"
] | 878,603 |
buyers. in the canadian market, the volt is offered in one standard trim level with two option packages, a premium trim package and a rear camera and park assist package. some provinces are offering government incentives including ontario, quebec ( both at ca $ 8 @, @ 500 us $ 8 @, @ 680 ) and british columbia has announced their new livesmart bc program in which the chevrolet volt qualifies for a ca $ 5 @, @ 000 incentive / rebate as well as ca $ 500 towards charging equipment. the european version of the volt, the opel ampera ( known as the vauxhall ampera
| 709 |
[
"in",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
")",
",",
"was",
"unveiled",
"at",
"the",
"geneva",
"auto",
"show",
"in",
"march",
"2009",
"and",
"also",
"was",
"exhibited",
"at",
"the",
"2009",
"frankfurt",
"auto",
"show",
".",
"op",
"##el",
"developed",
"the",
"battery",
"control",
"modules",
"for",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"at",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"alternative",
"propulsion",
"center",
"europe",
"in",
"mainz",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ka",
"##ste",
"##l",
",",
"germany",
".",
"the",
"production",
"version",
"of",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"was",
"unveiled",
"at",
"the",
"2011",
"geneva",
"motor",
"show",
".",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"is",
"assembled",
"at",
"the",
"detroit",
"/",
"ham",
"##tra",
"##mc",
"##k",
"assembly",
"plant",
",",
"michigan",
".",
"the",
"main",
"differences",
"between",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"and",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"are",
"in",
"their",
"styling",
".",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"has",
"a",
"distinctive",
"front",
"and",
"rear",
"fa",
"##scia",
",",
"with",
"a",
"large",
"cut",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"out",
"in"
] | 878,604 |
in the united kingdom ), was unveiled at the geneva auto show in march 2009 and also was exhibited at the 2009 frankfurt auto show. opel developed the battery control modules for the ampera at the opel alternative propulsion center europe in mainz @ - @ kastel, germany. the production version of the ampera was unveiled at the 2011 geneva motor show. the ampera is assembled at the detroit / hamtramck assembly plant, michigan. the main differences between the volt and the ampera are in their styling. the ampera has a distinctive front and rear fascia, with a large cut @ - @ out in
| 177 |
[
"the",
"rear",
"bumper",
".",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"features",
"more",
"stylized",
"alloy",
"wheels",
"as",
"standard",
",",
"and",
"the",
"side",
"skirts",
"are",
"body",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"colored",
"rather",
"than",
"black",
".",
"in",
"the",
"inside",
"there",
"are",
"only",
"minor",
"differences",
"and",
"both",
"versions",
"share",
"the",
"same",
"exact",
"power",
"##train",
"and",
"battery",
"pack",
".",
"a",
"key",
"operational",
"difference",
"was",
"that",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"has",
"four",
"drive",
"modes",
",",
"one",
"more",
"than",
"the",
"2011",
"/",
"12",
"model",
"year",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"the",
"additional",
"option",
"is",
"\"",
"city",
"mode",
"\"",
",",
"which",
"adapt",
"##s",
"battery",
"management",
"to",
"the",
"needs",
"of",
"commuter",
"travel",
".",
"city",
"mode",
"or",
"\"",
"battery",
"hold",
"\"",
"engages",
"the",
"range",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"extend",
"##er",
"immediately",
",",
"allowing",
"to",
"save",
"the",
"energy",
"currently",
"stored",
"in",
"the",
"battery",
",",
"and"
] | 878,605 |
the rear bumper. the opel ampera features more stylized alloy wheels as standard, and the side skirts are body @ - @ colored rather than black. in the inside there are only minor differences and both versions share the same exact powertrain and battery pack. a key operational difference was that the ampera has four drive modes, one more than the 2011 / 12 model year volt. the additional option is " city mode ", which adapts battery management to the needs of commuter travel. city mode or " battery hold " engages the range @ - @ extender immediately, allowing to save the energy currently stored in the battery, and
| 1,628 |
[
"when",
"switched",
"off",
",",
"the",
"range",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"extend",
"##er",
"stops",
"and",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"is",
"then",
"able",
"to",
"use",
"the",
"energy",
"saved",
"in",
"the",
"battery",
"for",
"pure",
"electric",
"driving",
",",
"for",
"example",
"for",
"traveling",
"urban",
"areas",
"or",
"restricted",
"zones",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"european",
"low",
"emission",
"zones",
"or",
"to",
"allow",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"to",
"qualify",
"for",
"an",
"exemption",
"of",
"the",
"london",
"congestion",
"charge",
"the",
"2013",
"model",
"year",
"vol",
"##t",
"included",
"the",
"\"",
"hold",
"drive",
"\"",
"button",
"to",
"allow",
"drivers",
"to",
"conserve",
"battery",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"pack",
"energy",
"for",
"use",
"at",
"a",
"particular",
"time",
"of",
"their",
"choice",
".",
"sales",
"general",
"motors",
"production",
"target",
"for",
"2012",
"was",
"to",
"manufacture",
"10",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"amp",
"##eras",
"for",
"sale",
"in",
"europe",
",",
"6",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"destined",
"for"
] | 878,606 |
when switched off, the range @ - @ extender stops and the ampera is then able to use the energy saved in the battery for pure electric driving, for example for traveling urban areas or restricted zones, such as the european low emission zones or to allow the ampera to qualify for an exemption of the london congestion charge the 2013 model year volt included the " hold drive " button to allow drivers to conserve battery @ - @ pack energy for use at a particular time of their choice. sales general motors production target for 2012 was to manufacture 10 @, @ 000 amperas for sale in europe, 6 @, @ 000 destined for
| 1,628 |
[
"op",
"##el",
"and",
"4",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"for",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
",",
"plus",
"an",
"additional",
"2",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"vol",
"##ts",
"were",
"to",
"be",
"made",
"available",
"for",
"the",
"region",
".",
"the",
"car",
"##maker",
"targeted",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"for",
"business",
"fleet",
"market",
"and",
"local",
"government",
"agencies",
",",
"where",
"op",
"##el",
"has",
"a",
"strong",
"customer",
"base",
",",
"while",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"is",
"aimed",
"at",
"retail",
"customers",
".",
"according",
"to",
"op",
"##el",
",",
"by",
"june",
"2011",
"around",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"customers",
"across",
"europe",
"had",
"reserved",
"an",
"amp",
"##era",
",",
"with",
"fleet",
"or",
"business",
"customers",
"representing",
"60",
"%",
"of",
"reservations",
",",
"and",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"orders",
"were",
"received",
"by",
"march",
"2012",
",",
"with",
"ben",
"##el",
"##ux",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"the"
] | 878,607 |
opel and 4 @, @ 000 for vauxhall in the uk, plus an additional 2 @, @ 000 volts were to be made available for the region. the carmaker targeted the ampera for business fleet market and local government agencies, where opel has a strong customer base, while the volt is aimed at retail customers. according to opel, by june 2011 around 5 @, @ 000 customers across europe had reserved an ampera, with fleet or business customers representing 60 % of reservations, and a total of 7 @, @ 000 orders were received by march 2012, with benelux, germany and the
| 709 |
[
"united",
"kingdom",
"as",
"the",
"top",
"markets",
"in",
"terms",
"of",
"orders",
".",
"the",
"first",
"deliveries",
"of",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"in",
"europe",
"took",
"place",
"on",
"november",
"30",
",",
"2011",
",",
"to",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"embassy",
"in",
"france",
".",
"distribution",
"of",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"to",
"dealers",
"##hips",
"began",
"in",
"december",
"2011",
",",
"but",
"deliveries",
"to",
"customers",
"were",
"delayed",
"until",
"february",
"2012",
"because",
"op",
"##el",
"decided",
"to",
"wait",
"until",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"completed",
"its",
"investigation",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"battery",
"fire",
"risk",
"after",
"a",
"crash",
".",
"since",
"may",
"2012",
"the",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
"is",
"available",
"through",
"the",
"zip",
"##car",
"cars",
"##hari",
"##ng",
"club",
"in",
"london",
",",
"bristol",
",",
"cambridge",
"and",
"oxford",
".",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"/",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
"was",
"europe"
] | 878,608 |
united kingdom as the top markets in terms of orders. the first deliveries of the chevrolet volt in europe took place on november 30, 2011, to the u. s. embassy in france. distribution of the opel ampera to dealerships began in december 2011, but deliveries to customers were delayed until february 2012 because opel decided to wait until the nhtsa completed its investigation of the volt's battery fire risk after a crash. since may 2012 the vauxhall ampera is available through the zipcar carsharing club in london, bristol, cambridge and oxford. the opel / vauxhall ampera was europe
| 361 |
[
"'",
"s",
"top",
"selling",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"car",
"in",
"2012",
"with",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"268",
"units",
"and",
"captured",
"a",
"21",
"@",
".",
"@",
"5",
"%",
"market",
"share",
"of",
"the",
"region",
"'",
"s",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"passenger",
"car",
"segment",
".",
"as",
"of",
"october",
"2013",
",",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"held",
"a",
"market",
"share",
"of",
"almost",
"10",
"%",
"of",
"european",
"registration",
"of",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"cars",
"since",
"2011",
".",
"the",
"market",
"share",
"in",
"the",
"netherlands",
"was",
"40",
"%",
"and",
"10",
"%",
"in",
"germany",
".",
"amp",
"##era",
"sales",
"fell",
"40",
"%",
"in",
"2013",
"to",
"3",
"@",
",",
"@",
"184",
"cars",
",",
"and",
"within",
"the",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrid",
"segment",
",",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"was",
"surpassed",
"in",
"2013",
"by",
"the",
"mitsubishi"
] | 878,609 |
' s top selling plug @ - @ in electric car in 2012 with 5 @, @ 268 units and captured a 21 @. @ 5 % market share of the region's plug @ - @ in electric passenger car segment. as of october 2013, the ampera held a market share of almost 10 % of european registration of plug @ - @ in electric cars since 2011. the market share in the netherlands was 40 % and 10 % in germany. ampera sales fell 40 % in 2013 to 3 @, @ 184 cars, and within the plug @ - @ in hybrid segment, the ampera was surpassed in 2013 by the mitsubishi
| 1,045 |
[
"out",
"##lander",
"p",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"he",
"##v",
"(",
"8",
"@",
",",
"@",
"197",
")",
",",
"volvo",
"v6",
"##0",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"(",
"7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"43",
"##7",
")",
",",
"and",
"the",
"pri",
"##us",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"(",
"4",
"@",
",",
"@",
"314",
")",
".",
"in",
"2013",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"ranked",
"eighth",
"among",
"europe",
"'",
"s",
"top",
"selling",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"vehicles",
",",
"and",
"its",
"market",
"share",
"fell",
"to",
"about",
"5",
"%",
".",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"five",
"months",
"of",
"2014",
",",
"only",
"332",
"units",
"had",
"been",
"sold",
",",
"down",
"67",
"%",
"from",
"the",
"same",
"period",
"in",
"2013",
".",
"in",
"july",
"2014",
",",
"op",
"##el",
"announced",
"that",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"slow",
"##down",
"in",
"sales",
",",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"will",
"be",
"discontinued"
] | 878,610 |
outlander p @ - @ hev ( 8 @, @ 197 ), volvo v60 plug @ - @ in ( 7 @, @ 437 ), and the prius plug @ - @ in ( 4 @, @ 314 ). in 2013 the ampera ranked eighth among europe's top selling plug @ - @ in electric vehicles, and its market share fell to about 5 %. during the first five months of 2014, only 332 units had been sold, down 67 % from the same period in 2013. in july 2014, opel announced that due to the slowdown in sales, the ampera will be discontinued
| 718 |
[
"after",
"the",
"launch",
"of",
"second",
"generation",
"vol",
"##t",
",",
"and",
"between",
"2014",
"and",
"2018",
",",
"op",
"##el",
"plans",
"to",
"introduce",
"in",
"europe",
"a",
"successor",
"product",
"in",
"the",
"electric",
"vehicle",
"segment",
".",
"amp",
"##era",
"sales",
"totaled",
"93",
"##9",
"units",
"in",
"2014",
",",
"and",
"only",
"215",
"units",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"nine",
"months",
"of",
"2015",
".",
"as",
"of",
"december",
"2015",
",",
"op",
"##el",
"/",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
"sales",
"totaled",
"almost",
"10",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"units",
"since",
"2011",
",",
"with",
"the",
"netherlands",
"as",
"the",
"leading",
"market",
"with",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"03",
"##1",
"amp",
"##eras",
"registered",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"germany",
"with",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"54",
"##2",
"units",
",",
"and",
"the",
"uk",
"with",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"250",
"units",
"registered",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"june",
"2015",
".",
"the",
"netherlands"
] | 878,611 |
after the launch of second generation volt, and between 2014 and 2018, opel plans to introduce in europe a successor product in the electric vehicle segment. ampera sales totaled 939 units in 2014, and only 215 units during the first nine months of 2015. as of december 2015, opel / vauxhall ampera sales totaled almost 10 @, @ 000 units since 2011, with the netherlands as the leading market with 5 @, @ 031 amperas registered, followed by germany with 1 @, @ 542 units, and the uk with 1 @, @ 250 units registered by the end of june 2015. the netherlands
| 718 |
[
"is",
"also",
"the",
"top",
"selling",
"vol",
"##t",
"market",
"in",
"europe",
"with",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"06",
"##2",
"units",
"registered",
"through",
"december",
"2014",
",",
">",
"out",
"of",
"about",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"750",
"vol",
"##ts",
"sold",
"through",
"2014",
".",
"pricing",
"in",
"february",
"2011",
"op",
"##el",
"announced",
"that",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"was",
"to",
"be",
"offered",
"for",
"a",
"uniform",
"price",
"throughout",
"the",
"euro",
"##zone",
"at",
"€",
"42",
"@",
",",
"@",
"900",
"(",
"us",
"$",
"56",
"@",
",",
"@",
"92",
"##0",
"in",
"may",
"2012",
")",
"including",
"va",
"##t",
",",
"but",
"prices",
"by",
"country",
"may",
"vary",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"trim",
"levels",
"that",
"will",
"be",
"offered",
"in",
"each",
"market",
".",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"also",
"has",
"a",
"uniform",
"price",
"that",
"starts",
"at",
"€",
"41",
"@",
",",
"@",
"950",
"(",
"us",
"$",
"55",
"@",
","
] | 878,612 |
is also the top selling volt market in europe with 1 @, @ 062 units registered through december 2014, > out of about 1 @, @ 750 volts sold through 2014. pricing in february 2011 opel announced that the ampera was to be offered for a uniform price throughout the eurozone at € 42 @, @ 900 ( us $ 56 @, @ 920 in may 2012 ) including vat, but prices by country may vary due to the trim levels that will be offered in each market. the chevrolet volt also has a uniform price that starts at € 41 @, @ 950 ( us $ 55 @,
| 709 |
[
"@",
"660",
"in",
"may",
"2012",
")",
"including",
"va",
"##t",
".",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"is",
"eligible",
"to",
"several",
"subsidies",
"and",
"tax",
"breaks",
"available",
"for",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"vehicles",
"in",
"several",
"european",
"countries",
".",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
",",
"the",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
"starts",
"at",
"gb",
"£",
"37",
"@",
",",
"@",
"250",
"(",
"us",
"$",
"60",
"@",
",",
"@",
"400",
"in",
"may",
"2012",
")",
"before",
"discount",
"##ing",
"the",
"gb",
"£",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"car",
"grant",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"will",
"also",
"be",
"available",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
"at",
"a",
"cost",
"of",
"gb",
"£",
"33",
"@",
",",
"@",
"54",
"##5",
"(",
"us",
"$",
"54",
"@",
",",
"@",
"400",
"in",
"may",
"2012",
")",
"before",
"the",
"government",
"grant",
".",
"all",
"vol"
] | 878,613 |
@ 660 in may 2012 ) including vat. the opel ampera is eligible to several subsidies and tax breaks available for plug @ - @ in electric vehicles in several european countries. in the uk, the vauxhall ampera starts at gb £ 37 @, @ 250 ( us $ 60 @, @ 400 in may 2012 ) before discounting the gb £ 5 @, @ 000 plug @ - @ in car grant the chevrolet volt will also be available in the uk at a cost of gb £ 33 @, @ 545 ( us $ 54 @, @ 400 in may 2012 ) before the government grant. all vol
| 1,042 |
[
"##ts",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
"will",
"come",
"standard",
"with",
"leather",
"interior",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"unveiled",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"in",
"shanghai",
"under",
"its",
"chinese",
"name",
"of",
"[UNK]",
"[UNK]",
"[UNK]",
"(",
"wo",
"lan",
"da",
")",
"in",
"september",
"2010",
".",
"the",
"first",
"vol",
"##ts",
",",
"out",
"of",
"the",
"10",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"vehicle",
"demonstration",
"fleet",
",",
"arrived",
"in",
"china",
"by",
"late",
"december",
"2011",
".",
"the",
"demonstration",
"program",
"is",
"taking",
"place",
"in",
"beijing",
",",
"tianjin",
"and",
"shanghai",
".",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"went",
"on",
"sale",
"in",
"china",
"by",
"late",
"2011",
"with",
"pricing",
"starting",
"at",
"cn",
"¥",
"49",
"##8",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"(",
"around",
"us",
"$",
"78",
"@",
",",
"@",
"300",
"as",
"of",
"august",
"2012",
")",
"and",
"sales",
"are",
"limited",
"to",
"eight",
"chinese",
"cities",
":",
"beijing",
",",
"shanghai",
",",
"hang",
"##zhou",
",",
"su"
] | 878,614 |
##ts in the uk will come standard with leather interior. general motors unveiled the chevrolet volt in shanghai under its chinese name of [UNK] [UNK] [UNK] ( wo lan da ) in september 2010. the first volts, out of the 10 @ - @ vehicle demonstration fleet, arrived in china by late december 2011. the demonstration program is taking place in beijing, tianjin and shanghai. the volt went on sale in china by late 2011 with pricing starting at cn ¥ 498 @, @ 000 ( around us $ 78 @, @ 300 as of august 2012 ) and sales are limited to eight chinese cities : beijing, shanghai, hangzhou, su
| 8 |
[
"##zhou",
",",
"wu",
"##xi",
",",
"guangzhou",
",",
"shenzhen",
"and",
"f",
"##osh",
"##an",
".",
"gm",
"explained",
"that",
"13",
"dealers",
"##hips",
"were",
"selected",
"in",
"the",
"eight",
"cities",
",",
"and",
"they",
"were",
"chosen",
"because",
"these",
"\"",
"cities",
"have",
"more",
"elites",
"who",
"are",
"inclined",
"to",
"try",
"new",
"technologies",
"and",
"lead",
"the",
"fashion",
"tide",
".",
"\"",
"however",
",",
"according",
"to",
"general",
"motors",
",",
"in",
"a",
"move",
"illegal",
"under",
"w",
"##to",
"rules",
"the",
"chinese",
"government",
"refused",
"the",
"allow",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"owners",
"access",
"to",
"up",
"to",
"us",
"$",
"19",
"@",
",",
"@",
"300",
"in",
"government",
"subsidies",
"available",
"for",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"vehicles",
"unless",
"gm",
"had",
"agreed",
"to",
"transfer",
"intellectual",
"property",
"to",
"a",
"joint",
"venture",
"with",
"a",
"chinese",
"auto",
"##maker",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"’",
"s",
"three",
"core",
"technologies"
] | 878,615 |
##zhou, wuxi, guangzhou, shenzhen and foshan. gm explained that 13 dealerships were selected in the eight cities, and they were chosen because these " cities have more elites who are inclined to try new technologies and lead the fashion tide. " however, according to general motors, in a move illegal under wto rules the chinese government refused the allow chevrolet volt owners access to up to us $ 19 @, @ 300 in government subsidies available for plug @ - @ in vehicles unless gm had agreed to transfer intellectual property to a joint venture with a chinese automaker for at least one of the volt ’ s three core technologies
| 624 |
[
":",
"electric",
"motors",
",",
"complex",
"electronic",
"controls",
",",
"and",
"power",
"storage",
"devices",
",",
"whether",
"batteries",
"or",
"a",
"fuel",
"cell",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"negotiated",
"with",
"the",
"chinese",
"government",
"to",
"let",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"qualify",
"for",
"the",
"subsidies",
"without",
"the",
"technology",
"transfer",
",",
"but",
"as",
"of",
"november",
"2011",
",",
"the",
"subsidies",
"were",
"available",
"only",
"for",
"electric",
"cars",
"made",
"by",
"chinese",
"auto",
"##makers",
".",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"high",
"import",
"duties",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"reported",
"in",
"august",
"2012",
"that",
"sales",
"are",
"minimal",
",",
"those",
"of",
"a",
"very",
"low",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"volume",
"car",
".",
"according",
"to",
"l",
"##mc",
"automotive",
",",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"18",
"vol",
"##ts",
"have",
"been",
"sold",
"in",
"china",
"through",
"june",
"2012",
".",
"in",
"march",
"2012",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"announced",
"that",
"an",
"agreement",
"was",
"signed",
"with",
"the",
"china"
] | 878,616 |
: electric motors, complex electronic controls, and power storage devices, whether batteries or a fuel cell. general motors negotiated with the chinese government to let the volt qualify for the subsidies without the technology transfer, but as of november 2011, the subsidies were available only for electric cars made by chinese automakers. as a result of the high import duties, general motors reported in august 2012 that sales are minimal, those of a very low @ - @ volume car. according to lmc automotive, a total of 18 volts have been sold in china through june 2012. in march 2012, general motors announced that an agreement was signed with the china
| 1,045 |
[
"automotive",
"technology",
"and",
"research",
"center",
"(",
"cat",
"##ar",
"##c",
")",
"to",
"manage",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"demonstration",
"fleet",
"in",
"beijing",
"and",
"to",
"gather",
"feedback",
"from",
"the",
"fleet",
"usage",
"for",
"one",
"year",
".",
"the",
"demonstration",
"vol",
"##ts",
"were",
"scheduled",
"to",
"be",
"delivered",
"in",
"april",
"2012",
".",
"australia",
"deliveries",
"of",
"the",
"holden",
"vol",
"##t",
"in",
"the",
"australian",
"market",
"began",
"in",
"december",
"2012",
",",
"and",
"the",
"first",
"vol",
"##t",
"was",
"delivered",
"to",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"ambassador",
"in",
"canberra",
".",
"pricing",
"starts",
"at",
"a",
"$",
"59",
"@",
",",
"@",
"99",
"##0",
"(",
"around",
"us",
"$",
"62",
"@",
",",
"@",
"59",
"##8",
")",
".",
"in",
"november",
"2011",
"the",
"first",
"holden",
"vol",
"##t",
"arrived",
"in",
"australia",
"for",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"evaluation",
"tests",
".",
"holden",
"has",
"announced",
"that",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"underwent",
"numerous",
"modifications"
] | 878,617 |
automotive technology and research center ( catarc ) to manage the volt demonstration fleet in beijing and to gather feedback from the fleet usage for one year. the demonstration volts were scheduled to be delivered in april 2012. australia deliveries of the holden volt in the australian market began in december 2012, and the first volt was delivered to the u. s. ambassador in canberra. pricing starts at a $ 59 @, @ 990 ( around us $ 62 @, @ 598 ). in november 2011 the first holden volt arrived in australia for a series of evaluation tests. holden has announced that the volt underwent numerous modifications
| 709 |
[
"to",
"better",
"suit",
"it",
"to",
"australian",
"roads",
",",
"although",
"the",
"test",
"vehicles",
"are",
"left",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"hand",
"drive",
".",
"the",
"holden",
"vol",
"##t",
"is",
"available",
"to",
"purchase",
"through",
"49",
"select",
"holden",
"dealers",
"##hips",
"throughout",
"metropolitan",
"and",
"rural",
"australia",
",",
"with",
"18",
"in",
"victoria",
",",
"11",
"in",
"new",
"south",
"wales",
",",
"9",
"in",
"queensland",
",",
"7",
"in",
"western",
"australia",
"and",
"4",
"in",
"south",
"australia",
".",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"80",
"holden",
"vol",
"##ts",
"were",
"sold",
"during",
"2012",
",",
"and",
"101",
"units",
"in",
"2013",
".",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"246",
"holden",
"vol",
"##ts",
"had",
"been",
"sold",
"in",
"the",
"country",
"by",
"mid",
"april",
"2015",
",",
"with",
"the",
"stock",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"generation",
"almost",
"empty",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"announced",
"that",
"it",
"will",
"not",
"build",
"the",
"second",
"generation",
"vol",
"##t",
"in",
"right",
"@",
"-"
] | 878,618 |
to better suit it to australian roads, although the test vehicles are left @ - @ hand drive. the holden volt is available to purchase through 49 select holden dealerships throughout metropolitan and rural australia, with 18 in victoria, 11 in new south wales, 9 in queensland, 7 in western australia and 4 in south australia. a total of 80 holden volts were sold during 2012, and 101 units in 2013. a total of 246 holden volts had been sold in the country by mid april 2015, with the stock of the first generation almost empty. general motors announced that it will not build the second generation volt in right @ -
| 624 |
[
"@",
"hand",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"drive",
"configuration",
",",
"so",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"will",
"be",
"discontinued",
"in",
"the",
"country",
"when",
"the",
"remaining",
"stock",
"is",
"sold",
"out",
".",
"brazil",
"general",
"motors",
"do",
"brasil",
"announced",
"that",
"it",
"will",
"import",
"from",
"five",
"to",
"ten",
"vol",
"##ts",
"to",
"brazil",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"semester",
"of",
"2011",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"demonstration",
"and",
"also",
"to",
"lobby",
"the",
"federal",
"government",
"to",
"en",
"##act",
"financial",
"incentives",
"for",
"green",
"cars",
".",
"if",
"successful",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"would",
"adapt",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"to",
"operate",
"on",
"ethanol",
"fuel",
",",
"as",
"most",
"new",
"brazilian",
"cars",
"are",
"flex",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"fuel",
".",
"japan",
"in",
"december",
"2010",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"announced",
"plans",
"to",
"introduce",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"in",
"limited",
"numbers",
"into",
"japan",
"in",
"2011",
"for",
"technology",
"and",
"market",
"test",
"purposes",
".",
"exports"
] | 878,619 |
@ hand @ - @ drive configuration, so the volt will be discontinued in the country when the remaining stock is sold out. brazil general motors do brasil announced that it will import from five to ten volts to brazil during the first semester of 2011 as part of a demonstration and also to lobby the federal government to enact financial incentives for green cars. if successful, general motors would adapt the volt to operate on ethanol fuel, as most new brazilian cars are flex @ - @ fuel. japan in december 2010, general motors announced plans to introduce the volt in limited numbers into japan in 2011 for technology and market test purposes. exports
| 1,045 |
[
"for",
"retail",
"sales",
"will",
"depend",
"on",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"this",
"trial",
".",
"mexico",
"the",
"second",
"generation",
"vol",
"##t",
"was",
"released",
"for",
"retail",
"customers",
"in",
"december",
"2015",
".",
"pricing",
"starts",
"at",
"63",
"##8",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"pe",
"##sos",
"(",
"~",
"us",
"$",
"36",
"@",
",",
"@",
"880",
")",
",",
"and",
"it",
"is",
"available",
"in",
"mexico",
"city",
",",
"monterrey",
",",
"guadalajara",
",",
"que",
"##ret",
"##aro",
",",
"and",
"puebla",
".",
"new",
"zealand",
"the",
"holden",
"vol",
"##t",
"will",
"be",
"released",
"in",
"new",
"zealand",
"through",
"three",
"dealers",
"##hips",
",",
"with",
"one",
"in",
"auckland",
",",
"christchurch",
"and",
"wellington",
".",
"deliveries",
"are",
"scheduled",
"to",
"begin",
"by",
"late",
"2012",
"and",
"pricing",
"starts",
"at",
"nz",
"$",
"85",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"(",
"around",
"us",
"$",
"71",
"@",
",",
"@",
"930",
")",
".",
"combined",
"global",
"vol",
"##t"
] | 878,620 |
for retail sales will depend on the results of this trial. mexico the second generation volt was released for retail customers in december 2015. pricing starts at 638 @, @ 000 pesos ( ~ us $ 36 @, @ 880 ), and it is available in mexico city, monterrey, guadalajara, queretaro, and puebla. new zealand the holden volt will be released in new zealand through three dealerships, with one in auckland, christchurch and wellington. deliveries are scheduled to begin by late 2012 and pricing starts at nz $ 85 @, @ 000 ( around us $ 71 @, @ 930 ). combined global volt
| 624 |
[
"/",
"amp",
"##era",
"sales",
"passed",
"the",
"100",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"unit",
"milestone",
"in",
"october",
"2015",
".",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"family",
"of",
"vehicles",
"ranks",
"as",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"time",
"top",
"selling",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrid",
",",
"and",
"it",
"is",
"also",
"the",
"second",
"best",
"selling",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"car",
"ever",
",",
"after",
"the",
"nissan",
"leaf",
",",
"which",
"has",
"sold",
"200",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"units",
"worldwide",
"by",
"early",
"december",
"2015",
".",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"/",
"amp",
"##era",
"family",
"was",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"best",
"selling",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"car",
"in",
"2012",
"with",
"31",
"@",
",",
"@",
"400",
"units",
"sold",
".",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"/",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
"was",
"europe",
"'",
"s",
"top",
"selling",
"plug"
] | 878,621 |
/ ampera sales passed the 100 @, @ 000 unit milestone in october 2015. the volt family of vehicles ranks as the world's all @ - @ time top selling plug @ - @ in hybrid, and it is also the second best selling plug @ - @ in electric car ever, after the nissan leaf, which has sold 200 @, @ 000 units worldwide by early december 2015. the volt / ampera family was the world's best selling plug @ - @ in electric car in 2012 with 31 @, @ 400 units sold. the opel / vauxhall ampera was europe's top selling plug
| 1,042 |
[
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"car",
"in",
"2012",
"with",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"268",
"units",
",",
"representing",
"a",
"market",
"share",
"of",
"21",
"@",
".",
"@",
"5",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"region",
"'",
"s",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"passenger",
"car",
"segment",
".",
"however",
",",
"during",
"2013",
"amp",
"##era",
"sales",
"fell",
"40",
"%",
",",
"and",
"the",
"declining",
"trend",
"continued",
"during",
"2014",
"and",
"2015",
".",
"as",
"of",
"march",
"2016",
",",
"global",
"vol",
"##t",
"/",
"amp",
"##era",
"family",
"sales",
"totaled",
"over",
"110",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"units",
"since",
"its",
"inception",
"in",
"december",
"2010",
",",
"including",
"almost",
"10",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"op",
"##el",
"/",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##eras",
"sold",
"in",
"europe",
"up",
"to",
"december",
"2015",
".",
"as",
"of",
"may",
"2016",
",",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"sales",
"are",
"led",
"by",
"the",
"united"
] | 878,622 |
@ - @ in electric car in 2012 with 5 @, @ 268 units, representing a market share of 21 @. @ 5 % of the region's plug @ - @ in electric passenger car segment. however, during 2013 ampera sales fell 40 %, and the declining trend continued during 2014 and 2015. as of march 2016, global volt / ampera family sales totaled over 110 @, @ 000 units since its inception in december 2010, including almost 10 @, @ 000 opel / vauxhall amperas sold in europe up to december 2015. as of may 2016, chevrolet volt sales are led by the united
| 1,042 |
[
"states",
"with",
"96",
"@",
",",
"@",
"62",
"##1",
"units",
"delivered",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"canada",
"with",
"6",
"@",
",",
"@",
"38",
"##7",
"units",
",",
"and",
"the",
"netherlands",
"with",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"06",
"##2",
"vol",
"##ts",
"registered",
"through",
"december",
"2015",
",",
"together",
"representing",
"99",
"%",
"of",
"global",
"vol",
"##t",
"sales",
".",
"out",
"of",
"the",
"9",
"@",
".",
"@",
"98",
"##9",
"op",
"##el",
"/",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##eras",
"sold",
"in",
"europe",
"through",
"december",
"2015",
",",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"03",
"##1",
"were",
"registered",
"in",
"the",
"netherlands",
",",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"54",
"##2",
"in",
"germany",
",",
"and",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"279",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"september",
"2015",
",",
"together",
"representing",
"78",
"%",
"of",
"amp",
"##era",
"sales",
".",
"the",
"following",
"tables",
"present",
"retail",
"sales",
"of",
"the"
] | 878,623 |
states with 96 @, @ 621 units delivered, followed by canada with 6 @, @ 387 units, and the netherlands with 1 @, @ 062 volts registered through december 2015, together representing 99 % of global volt sales. out of the 9 @. @ 989 opel / vauxhall amperas sold in europe through december 2015, 5 @, @ 031 were registered in the netherlands, 1 @, @ 542 in germany, and 1 @, @ 279 in the uk by the end of september 2015, together representing 78 % of ampera sales. the following tables present retail sales of the
| 623 |
[
"vol",
"##t",
"and",
"amp",
"##era",
"variants",
"through",
"december",
"2015",
"for",
"the",
"top",
"selling",
"national",
"markets",
"by",
"year",
"since",
"deliveries",
"began",
"in",
"december",
"2010",
".",
"demonstration",
"vehicles",
"allocated",
"to",
"dealers",
"##hips",
"are",
"not",
"included",
"in",
"retail",
"sales",
"reports",
"while",
"they",
"are",
"used",
"for",
"test",
"drives",
".",
"=",
"=",
"related",
"concept",
"cars",
"=",
"=",
"cadillac",
"con",
"##ver",
"##j",
"the",
"cadillac",
"con",
"##ver",
"##j",
"is",
"a",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrid",
"concept",
"car",
"first",
"unveiled",
"at",
"the",
"2009",
"north",
"american",
"international",
"auto",
"show",
"which",
"incorporated",
"the",
"propulsion",
"system",
"from",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
",",
"including",
"the",
"vol",
"##tec",
"power",
"##train",
".",
"in",
"august",
"2011",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"announced",
"its",
"decision",
"to",
"produce",
"the",
"con",
"##ver",
"##j",
"as",
"the",
"cadillac",
"el",
"##r",
".",
"the",
"first",
"2014",
"el",
"##rs",
"rolled",
"off",
"the"
] | 878,624 |
volt and ampera variants through december 2015 for the top selling national markets by year since deliveries began in december 2010. demonstration vehicles allocated to dealerships are not included in retail sales reports while they are used for test drives. = = related concept cars = = cadillac converj the cadillac converj is a plug @ - @ in hybrid concept car first unveiled at the 2009 north american international auto show which incorporated the propulsion system from the chevrolet volt, including the voltec powertrain. in august 2011, general motors announced its decision to produce the converj as the cadillac elr. the first 2014 elrs rolled off the
| 1,045 |
[
"production",
"line",
"in",
"late",
"may",
"2013",
".",
"these",
"were",
"pre",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"production",
"units",
"destined",
"for",
"testing",
"purposes",
"and",
"production",
"for",
"retail",
"customers",
"started",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"2013",
".",
"the",
"el",
"##r",
"was",
"released",
"to",
"retail",
"customers",
"in",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"in",
"december",
"2013",
".",
"vol",
"##t",
"mp",
"##v",
"##5",
"at",
"the",
"2010",
"auto",
"china",
"show",
"general",
"motors",
"unveiled",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"mp",
"##v",
"##5",
"concept",
".",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"mp",
"##v",
"##5",
"is",
"a",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"crossover",
"hybrid",
"and",
"has",
"a",
"top",
"speed",
"of",
"100",
"mph",
"(",
"160",
"km",
"/",
"h",
")",
"and",
"an",
"electric",
"range",
"of",
"32",
"miles",
"(",
"51",
"km",
")",
".",
"the",
"mp",
"##v",
"##5",
"integrate",
"##s",
"design",
"elements",
"from",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
",",
"with",
"a"
] | 878,625 |
production line in late may 2013. these were pre @ - @ production units destined for testing purposes and production for retail customers started at the end of 2013. the elr was released to retail customers in the u. s. in december 2013. volt mpv5 at the 2010 auto china show general motors unveiled the chevrolet volt mpv5 concept. the volt mpv5 is a plug @ - @ in crossover hybrid and has a top speed of 100 mph ( 160 km / h ) and an electric range of 32 miles ( 51 km ). the mpv5 integrates design elements from the volt, with a
| 624 |
[
"body",
"style",
"very",
"similar",
"to",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"orlando",
"and",
"four",
"inches",
"larger",
"than",
"its",
"predecessor",
",",
"chevrolet",
"h",
"##hr",
".",
"op",
"##el",
"mon",
"##za",
"concept",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"mon",
"##za",
"concept",
"is",
"a",
"four",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"seat",
"coupe",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrid",
"concept",
"car",
"with",
"gu",
"##ll",
"##wing",
"door",
"unveiled",
"at",
"the",
"2013",
"frankfurt",
"motor",
"show",
".",
"the",
"concept",
"shares",
"the",
"same",
"basic",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrid",
"setup",
"as",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"and",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
",",
"but",
"using",
"a",
"turbo",
"##charged",
"1",
"l",
"3",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cylinder",
"natural",
"gas",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"powered",
"engine",
"as",
"its",
"range",
"extend",
"##er",
"instead",
"of",
"general",
"motors",
"’",
"current",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"4",
"l",
"gasoline",
"engine",
".",
"according",
"to",
"op",
"##el",
","
] | 878,626 |
body style very similar to the chevrolet orlando and four inches larger than its predecessor, chevrolet hhr. opel monza concept the opel monza concept is a four @ - @ seat coupe plug @ - @ in hybrid concept car with gullwing door unveiled at the 2013 frankfurt motor show. the concept shares the same basic plug @ - @ in hybrid setup as the chevrolet volt and opel ampera, but using a turbocharged 1 l 3 @ - @ cylinder natural gas @ - @ powered engine as its range extender instead of general motors ’ current 1 @. @ 4 l gasoline engine. according to opel,
| 1,042 |
[
"this",
"concept",
"is",
"the",
"role",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"model",
"for",
"the",
"next",
"generation",
"of",
"op",
"##el",
"cars",
",",
"and",
"because",
"of",
"its",
"modular",
"chassis",
"design",
",",
"future",
"cars",
"based",
"on",
"it",
"would",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"accommodate",
"gasoline",
",",
"diesel",
"or",
"electric",
"power",
".",
"=",
"=",
"controversies",
"and",
"criticism",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"epa",
"fuel",
"economy",
"testing",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"2008",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"was",
"concerned",
"about",
"how",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"environmental",
"protection",
"agency",
"(",
"epa",
")",
"would",
"test",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"to",
"determine",
"its",
"official",
"fuel",
"economy",
"rating",
".",
"the",
"controversy",
"centered",
"on",
"whether",
",",
"by",
"including",
"a",
"gasoline",
"engine",
",",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"should",
"be",
"classified",
"as",
"a",
"hybrid",
"rather",
"than",
"an",
"electric",
"car",
"as",
"claimed",
"by",
"general",
"motors",
".",
"if",
"tested",
"with",
"the",
"same"
] | 878,627 |
this concept is the role @ - @ model for the next generation of opel cars, and because of its modular chassis design, future cars based on it would be able to accommodate gasoline, diesel or electric power. = = controversies and criticism = = = = = epa fuel economy testing = = = in 2008, general motors was concerned about how the united states environmental protection agency ( epa ) would test the volt to determine its official fuel economy rating. the controversy centered on whether, by including a gasoline engine, the volt should be classified as a hybrid rather than an electric car as claimed by general motors. if tested with the same
| 1,594 |
[
"epa",
"tests",
"used",
"by",
"other",
"hybrids",
",",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"epa",
"fuel",
"economy",
"rating",
"would",
"be",
"around",
"48",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"us",
"(",
"4",
"@",
".",
"@",
"9",
"l",
"/",
"100",
"km",
";",
"58",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"imp",
")",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"current",
"epa",
"test",
"for",
"hybrids",
"di",
"##sal",
"##low",
"##ing",
"vehicles",
"from",
"boost",
"##ing",
"their",
"mp",
"##g",
"rating",
"using",
"stored",
"battery",
"power",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"stated",
"that",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"is",
"an",
"entirely",
"new",
"type",
"of",
"vehicle",
"which",
"the",
"epa",
"'",
"s",
"current",
"fuel",
"economy",
"tests",
"were",
"not",
"suited",
"to",
"rate",
"and",
"that",
"a",
"new",
"test",
"should",
"be",
"devised",
"for",
"this",
"emerging",
"class",
"of",
"hybrid",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"electric",
"##s",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"also",
"advocated",
"for",
"a",
"more",
"simplified",
"mp",
"##g"
] | 878,628 |
epa tests used by other hybrids, the volt's epa fuel economy rating would be around 48 mpg @ - @ us ( 4 @. @ 9 l / 100 km ; 58 mpg @ - @ imp ) due to the current epa test for hybrids disallowing vehicles from boosting their mpg rating using stored battery power. general motors stated that the volt is an entirely new type of vehicle which the epa's current fuel economy tests were not suited to rate and that a new test should be devised for this emerging class of hybrid @ - @ electrics. general motors also advocated for a more simplified mpg
| 1,585 |
[
"calculation",
"method",
"to",
"take",
"into",
"account",
"the",
"range",
"of",
"a",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrid",
"while",
"running",
"solely",
"on",
"electricity",
".",
"because",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"can",
"travel",
"40",
"miles",
"(",
"64",
"km",
")",
"on",
"batteries",
"alone",
",",
"gm",
"argued",
"that",
"most",
"drivers",
"with",
"a",
"daily",
"com",
"##mute",
"of",
"less",
"than",
"that",
"distance",
"would",
"drive",
"only",
"in",
"electric",
"mode",
",",
"so",
"long",
"as",
"they",
"rec",
"##har",
"##ged",
"their",
"vehicle",
"at",
"work",
"or",
"at",
"home",
"overnight",
".",
"the",
"epa",
"official",
"rating",
"issued",
"in",
"november",
"2010",
"included",
"separate",
"fuel",
"economy",
"ratings",
"for",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"electric",
"mode",
"and",
"gasoline",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"only",
"mode",
",",
"with",
"an",
"overall",
"combined",
"city",
"/",
"highway",
"gasoline",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"electricity",
"fuel",
"economy",
"rating",
"of",
"60",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"us",
"("
] | 878,629 |
calculation method to take into account the range of a plug @ - @ in hybrid while running solely on electricity. because the volt can travel 40 miles ( 64 km ) on batteries alone, gm argued that most drivers with a daily commute of less than that distance would drive only in electric mode, so long as they recharged their vehicle at work or at home overnight. the epa official rating issued in november 2010 included separate fuel economy ratings for all @ - @ electric mode and gasoline @ - @ only mode, with an overall combined city / highway gasoline @ - @ electricity fuel economy rating of 60 mpg @ - @ us (
| 1,630 |
[
"3",
"@",
".",
"@",
"9",
"l",
"/",
"100",
"km",
";",
"72",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"imp",
")",
"equivalent",
"(",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"e",
")",
".",
"to",
"address",
"the",
"variability",
"of",
"the",
"fuel",
"economy",
"outcome",
"depending",
"on",
"miles",
"driven",
"between",
"charges",
",",
"epa",
"also",
"included",
"in",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"fuel",
"economy",
"label",
"a",
"table",
"showing",
"fuel",
"economy",
"and",
"electricity",
"consumed",
"for",
"five",
"different",
"scenarios",
"driven",
"between",
"a",
"full",
"charge",
",",
"and",
"a",
"never",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"charge",
"scenario",
".",
"according",
"to",
"this",
"table",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"fuel",
"economy",
"goes",
"up",
"to",
"168",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"us",
"(",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"40",
"l",
"/",
"100",
"km",
";",
"202",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"imp",
")",
"equivalent",
"(",
"mp",
"##g",
"@"
] | 878,630 |
3 @. @ 9 l / 100 km ; 72 mpg @ - @ imp ) equivalent ( mpg @ - @ e ). to address the variability of the fuel economy outcome depending on miles driven between charges, epa also included in the volt's fuel economy label a table showing fuel economy and electricity consumed for five different scenarios driven between a full charge, and a never @ - @ charge scenario. according to this table the volt's fuel economy goes up to 168 mpg @ - @ us ( 1 @. @ 40 l / 100 km ; 202 mpg @ - @ imp ) equivalent ( mpg @
| 1,585 |
[
"-",
"@",
"e",
")",
"if",
"driven",
"45",
"miles",
"(",
"72",
"km",
")",
"between",
"full",
"charges",
".",
"also",
",",
"in",
"recognition",
"of",
"the",
"multiple",
"operating",
"modes",
"that",
"a",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrid",
"can",
"be",
"built",
"with",
"(",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"electric",
",",
"blended",
",",
"and",
"gasoline",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"only",
")",
",",
"for",
"the",
"new",
"fuel",
"economy",
"and",
"environment",
"label",
"that",
"will",
"be",
"mandatory",
"in",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"beginning",
"in",
"model",
"year",
"2013",
",",
"epa",
"and",
"the",
"national",
"highway",
"traffic",
"safety",
"administration",
"(",
"nh",
"##tsa",
")",
"issued",
"two",
"separate",
"fuel",
"economy",
"labels",
"for",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrids",
".",
"one",
"label",
"is",
"for",
"extended",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"range",
"electric",
"vehicles",
",",
"like",
"the",
"chevy",
"vol",
"##t",
",",
"with",
"two",
"modes",
":",
"all",
"@"
] | 878,631 |
- @ e ) if driven 45 miles ( 72 km ) between full charges. also, in recognition of the multiple operating modes that a plug @ - @ in hybrid can be built with ( all @ - @ electric, blended, and gasoline @ - @ only ), for the new fuel economy and environment label that will be mandatory in the u. s. beginning in model year 2013, epa and the national highway traffic safety administration ( nhtsa ) issued two separate fuel economy labels for plug @ - @ in hybrids. one label is for extended @ - @ range electric vehicles, like the chevy volt, with two modes : all @
| 1,594 |
[
"-",
"@",
"electric",
"and",
"gasoline",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"only",
";",
"and",
"a",
"second",
"label",
"for",
"blended",
"mode",
"that",
"includes",
"a",
"combination",
"of",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"electric",
",",
"gasoline",
"and",
"electric",
"operation",
",",
"and",
"gasoline",
"only",
",",
"like",
"a",
"conventional",
"hybrid",
"vehicle",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"epa",
"fuel",
"economy",
"rating",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"august",
"2009",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"released",
"its",
"estimated",
"city",
"fuel",
"economy",
"rating",
"for",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"of",
"230",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"us",
"(",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"0",
"l",
"/",
"100",
"km",
";",
"280",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"imp",
")",
"of",
"gasoline",
"plus",
"25",
"kw",
"##h",
"/",
"100",
"mi",
"(",
"560",
"k",
"##j",
"/",
"km",
")",
"of",
"electricity",
"using",
"the",
"epa",
"'",
"s",
"proposed",
"method",
"for",
"evaluating",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 878,632 |
- @ electric and gasoline @ - @ only ; and a second label for blended mode that includes a combination of all @ - @ electric, gasoline and electric operation, and gasoline only, like a conventional hybrid vehicle. = = = epa fuel economy rating = = = in august 2009, general motors released its estimated city fuel economy rating for the volt of 230 mpg @ - @ us ( 1 @. @ 0 l / 100 km ; 280 mpg @ - @ imp ) of gasoline plus 25 kwh / 100 mi ( 560 kj / km ) of electricity using the epa's proposed method for evaluating plug @ - @
| 1,630 |
[
"in",
"hybrids",
".",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"environmental",
"protection",
"agency",
"(",
"epa",
")",
"issued",
"a",
"statement",
"clarify",
"##ing",
"that",
"the",
"\"",
"epa",
"has",
"not",
"tested",
"a",
"chevy",
"vol",
"##t",
"and",
"therefore",
"cannot",
"confirm",
"the",
"fuel",
"economy",
"values",
"claimed",
"by",
"gm",
".",
"\"",
"in",
"july",
"2010",
",",
"gm",
"explained",
"that",
"their",
"estimate",
"was",
"based",
"on",
"a",
"formula",
"that",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"officially",
"approved",
"and",
"that",
"they",
"had",
"been",
"awaiting",
"the",
"epa",
"'",
"s",
"decision",
"on",
"how",
"the",
"equivalent",
"fuel",
"economy",
"of",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrids",
"would",
"be",
"estimated",
".",
"the",
"official",
"epa",
"rating",
"was",
"issued",
"in",
"november",
"2010",
"and",
"became",
"the",
"agency",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"fuel",
"economy",
"label",
"for",
"a",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"hybrids",
".",
"the",
"epa",
"rated",
"the",
"2011",
"vol",
"##t",
"combined",
"fuel"
] | 878,633 |
in hybrids. the u. s. environmental protection agency ( epa ) issued a statement clarifying that the " epa has not tested a chevy volt and therefore cannot confirm the fuel economy values claimed by gm. " in july 2010, gm explained that their estimate was based on a formula that had not been officially approved and that they had been awaiting the epa's decision on how the equivalent fuel economy of plug @ - @ in hybrids would be estimated. the official epa rating was issued in november 2010 and became the agency's first fuel economy label for a plug @ - @ in hybrids. the epa rated the 2011 volt combined fuel
| 1,585 |
[
"economy",
"at",
"93",
"miles",
"per",
"gallon",
"gasoline",
"equivalent",
"(",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"e",
")",
"in",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"electric",
"mode",
",",
"and",
"37",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"us",
"(",
"6",
"@",
".",
"@",
"4",
"l",
"/",
"100",
"km",
";",
"44",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"imp",
")",
"in",
"gasoline",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"only",
"mode",
",",
"for",
"an",
"overall",
"combined",
"fuel",
"economy",
"rating",
"of",
"60",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"us",
"(",
"3",
"@",
".",
"@",
"9",
"l",
"/",
"100",
"km",
";",
"72",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"imp",
")",
"equivalent",
"(",
"mp",
"##g",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"e",
")",
".",
"the",
"label",
"also",
"shows",
"the",
"combined",
"city",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"highway",
"fuel",
"economy",
"in",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"electric",
"mode",
"expressed",
"in",
"traditional",
"energy",
"consumption"
] | 878,634 |
economy at 93 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent ( mpg @ - @ e ) in all @ - @ electric mode, and 37 mpg @ - @ us ( 6 @. @ 4 l / 100 km ; 44 mpg @ - @ imp ) in gasoline @ - @ only mode, for an overall combined fuel economy rating of 60 mpg @ - @ us ( 3 @. @ 9 l / 100 km ; 72 mpg @ - @ imp ) equivalent ( mpg @ - @ e ). the label also shows the combined city @ - @ highway fuel economy in all @ - @ electric mode expressed in traditional energy consumption
| 1,630 |
[
"units",
",",
"rating",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"at",
"36",
"kw",
"##h",
"per",
"100",
"miles",
"(",
"160",
"km",
")",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"production",
"cost",
"and",
"sales",
"price",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"2009",
",",
"the",
"presidential",
"task",
"force",
"on",
"the",
"auto",
"industry",
"said",
"that",
"\"",
"gm",
"is",
"at",
"least",
"one",
"generation",
"behind",
"toyota",
"on",
"advanced",
",",
"“",
"green",
"”",
"power",
"##train",
"development",
".",
"in",
"an",
"attempt",
"to",
"leap",
"##fr",
"##og",
"toyota",
",",
"gm",
"has",
"devoted",
"significant",
"resources",
"to",
"the",
"chevy",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"\"",
"and",
"that",
"\"",
"while",
"the",
"chevy",
"vol",
"##t",
"holds",
"promise",
",",
"it",
"is",
"currently",
"projected",
"to",
"be",
"much",
"more",
"expensive",
"than",
"its",
"gasoline",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"fueled",
"peers",
"and",
"will",
"likely",
"need",
"substantial",
"reductions",
"in",
"manufacturing",
"cost",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"become",
"commercially",
"viable",
".",
"\"",
"a"
] | 878,635 |
units, rating the volt at 36 kwh per 100 miles ( 160 km ). = = = production cost and sales price = = = in 2009, the presidential task force on the auto industry said that " gm is at least one generation behind toyota on advanced, “ green ” powertrain development. in an attempt to leapfrog toyota, gm has devoted significant resources to the chevy volt. " and that " while the chevy volt holds promise, it is currently projected to be much more expensive than its gasoline @ - @ fueled peers and will likely need substantial reductions in manufacturing cost in order to become commercially viable. " a
| 624 |
[
"2009",
"carnegie",
"mellon",
"university",
"study",
"found",
"that",
"a",
"ph",
"##ev",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"40",
"will",
"be",
"less",
"cost",
"effective",
"than",
"a",
"he",
"##v",
"or",
"a",
"ph",
"##ev",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"7",
"in",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"scenarios",
"considered",
",",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"cost",
"and",
"weight",
"of",
"the",
"battery",
".",
"jon",
"lau",
"##ck",
"##ner",
",",
"a",
"vice",
"president",
"at",
"general",
"motors",
",",
"responded",
"that",
"the",
"study",
"did",
"not",
"consider",
"the",
"inc",
"##on",
"##ven",
"##ience",
"of",
"a",
"7",
"miles",
"(",
"11",
"km",
")",
"electric",
"range",
"and",
"that",
"the",
"study",
"'",
"s",
"cost",
"estimate",
"of",
"us",
"$",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"per",
"kw",
"##h",
"for",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"battery",
"pack",
"was",
"\"",
"many",
"hundreds",
"of",
"dollars",
"per",
"ki",
"##low",
"##att",
"hour",
"higher",
"\"",
"than",
"what",
"it",
"costs",
"to",
"make"
] | 878,636 |
2009 carnegie mellon university study found that a phev @ - @ 40 will be less cost effective than a hev or a phev @ - @ 7 in all of the scenarios considered, due to the cost and weight of the battery. jon lauckner, a vice president at general motors, responded that the study did not consider the inconvenience of a 7 miles ( 11 km ) electric range and that the study's cost estimate of us $ 1 @, @ 000 per kwh for the volt's battery pack was " many hundreds of dollars per kilowatt hour higher " than what it costs to make
| 665 |
[
"today",
".",
"\"",
"in",
"early",
"2010",
",",
"it",
"was",
"reported",
"that",
"general",
"motors",
"would",
"lose",
"money",
"on",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"the",
"first",
"couple",
"of",
"generations",
",",
"but",
"it",
"hoped",
"the",
"car",
"would",
"create",
"a",
"green",
"image",
"that",
"could",
"rival",
"the",
"pri",
"##us",
".",
"after",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"sales",
"price",
"was",
"announced",
"in",
"july",
"2010",
",",
"there",
"was",
"concern",
"expressed",
"of",
"the",
"launch",
"price",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"and",
"its",
"afford",
"##ability",
"and",
"resulting",
"popularity",
",",
"especially",
"when",
"the",
"federal",
"subsidies",
"of",
"us",
"$",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"4",
"billion",
"were",
"taken",
"into",
"account",
"in",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"car",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"ceo",
"edward",
"w",
"##hita",
"##cre",
"jr",
".",
"rejected",
"as",
"\"",
"ridiculous",
"\"",
"criticism",
"that",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"price",
"is"
] | 878,637 |
today. " in early 2010, it was reported that general motors would lose money on the volt for at least the first couple of generations, but it hoped the car would create a green image that could rival the prius. after the volt's sales price was announced in july 2010, there was concern expressed of the launch price of the volt and its affordability and resulting popularity, especially when the federal subsidies of us $ 2 @. @ 4 billion were taken into account in the development of the car. general motors ceo edward whitacre jr. rejected as " ridiculous " criticism that the volt's price is
| 1,042 |
[
"too",
"expensive",
".",
"he",
"said",
"that",
"\"",
"i",
"think",
"it",
"'",
"s",
"a",
"very",
"fair",
"price",
".",
"it",
"'",
"s",
"the",
"only",
"car",
"that",
"will",
"go",
"coast",
"to",
"coast",
"on",
"electricity",
"without",
"plug",
"##ging",
"it",
"in",
",",
"and",
"nobody",
"else",
"can",
"come",
"close",
".",
"\"",
"despite",
"the",
"federal",
"government",
"being",
"the",
"major",
"gm",
"shareholder",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"2009",
"government",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"led",
"bankruptcy",
"of",
"the",
"auto",
"##maker",
",",
"during",
"a",
"press",
"briefing",
"at",
"the",
"white",
"house",
"a",
"treasury",
"official",
"clarified",
"that",
"the",
"federal",
"government",
"did",
"not",
"have",
"any",
"input",
"on",
"the",
"pricing",
"of",
"the",
"2011",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"there",
"have",
"also",
"been",
"complaints",
"regarding",
"price",
"mark",
"##ups",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"initial",
"limited",
"availability",
"in",
"2010",
"of",
"between",
"us",
"$",
"5",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"to",
"us"
] | 878,638 |
too expensive. he said that " i think it's a very fair price. it's the only car that will go coast to coast on electricity without plugging it in, and nobody else can come close. " despite the federal government being the major gm shareholder due to the 2009 government @ - @ led bankruptcy of the automaker, during a press briefing at the white house a treasury official clarified that the federal government did not have any input on the pricing of the 2011 chevrolet volt. there have also been complaints regarding price markups due to the initial limited availability in 2010 of between us $ 5 @, @ 000 to us
| 1,107 |
[
"$",
"12",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"above",
"the",
"recommended",
"price",
",",
"and",
"at",
"least",
"in",
"one",
"case",
"a",
"us",
"$",
"20",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"mark",
"up",
"in",
"california",
".",
"even",
"though",
"the",
"car",
"##maker",
"cannot",
"di",
"##cta",
"##te",
"vehicle",
"pricing",
"to",
"its",
"dealers",
",",
"gm",
"said",
"that",
"it",
"had",
"requested",
"its",
"dealers",
"to",
"keep",
"prices",
"in",
"line",
"with",
"the",
"company",
"’",
"s",
"suggested",
"retail",
"price",
".",
"in",
"may",
"2011",
"the",
"national",
"legal",
"and",
"policy",
"center",
"announced",
"that",
"some",
"chevrolet",
"dealers",
"were",
"selling",
"vol",
"##ts",
"to",
"other",
"dealers",
"and",
"claiming",
"the",
"us",
"$",
"7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"500",
"federal",
"tax",
"credit",
"for",
"themselves",
".",
"then",
"the",
"dealers",
"who",
"bought",
"the",
"vol",
"##ts",
"sell",
"them",
"as",
"used",
"cars",
"with",
"low",
"mile",
"##age",
"to",
"private",
"buyers",
",",
"who",
"no",
"longer"
] | 878,639 |
$ 12 @, @ 000 above the recommended price, and at least in one case a us $ 20 @, @ 000 mark up in california. even though the carmaker cannot dictate vehicle pricing to its dealers, gm said that it had requested its dealers to keep prices in line with the company ’ s suggested retail price. in may 2011 the national legal and policy center announced that some chevrolet dealers were selling volts to other dealers and claiming the us $ 7 @, @ 500 federal tax credit for themselves. then the dealers who bought the volts sell them as used cars with low mileage to private buyers, who no longer
| 624 |
[
"qualify",
"for",
"the",
"credit",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"acknowledged",
"that",
"10",
"dealer",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"to",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"dealer",
"vol",
"##t",
"sales",
"had",
"taken",
"place",
"among",
"chevrolet",
"dealers",
",",
"but",
"the",
"car",
"##maker",
"said",
"they",
"do",
"not",
"encourage",
"such",
"practice",
".",
"in",
"september",
"2012",
",",
"reuters",
"published",
"an",
"opinion",
"/",
"editorial",
"article",
"where",
"it",
"claimed",
"that",
"general",
"motors",
",",
"nearly",
"two",
"years",
"after",
"the",
"introduction",
"of",
"the",
"car",
",",
"was",
"losing",
"us",
"$",
"49",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"on",
"each",
"vol",
"##t",
"it",
"built",
".",
"the",
"article",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"is",
"\"",
"over",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"engineered",
"and",
"over",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"priced",
"\"",
"and",
"that",
"its",
"technological",
"complexity",
"has",
"put",
"off",
"many",
"prospective",
"buyers",
",",
"due",
"to",
"fears",
"the",
"car",
"may",
"be",
"unreliable",
".",
"gm"
] | 878,640 |
qualify for the credit. general motors acknowledged that 10 dealer @ - @ to @ - @ dealer volt sales had taken place among chevrolet dealers, but the carmaker said they don't encourage such practice. in september 2012, reuters published an opinion / editorial article where it claimed that general motors, nearly two years after the introduction of the car, was losing us $ 49 @, @ 000 on each volt it built. the article concluded that the volt is " over @ - @ engineered and over @ - @ priced " and that its technological complexity has put off many prospective buyers, due to fears the car may be unreliable. gm
| 1,042 |
[
"executives",
"replied",
"that",
"reuters",
"'",
"estimates",
"were",
"significantly",
"flawed",
"as",
"they",
"also",
"allocated",
"the",
"vehicle",
"'",
"s",
"research",
"and",
"development",
"program",
"costs",
"only",
"against",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"vol",
"##ts",
"sold",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"(",
"as",
"of",
"august",
"2012",
")",
",",
"instead",
"of",
"spreading",
"the",
"total",
"costs",
"over",
"the",
"entire",
"lifetime",
"of",
"the",
"model",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"including",
"those",
"units",
"sold",
"in",
"europe",
"and",
"other",
"countries",
".",
"gm",
"explained",
"that",
"the",
"investments",
"will",
"pay",
"off",
"once",
"the",
"innovative",
"technologies",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"are",
"applied",
"across",
"multiple",
"current",
"and",
"future",
"products",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"battery",
"pack",
"fire",
"risk",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"june",
"2011",
"a",
"vol",
"##t",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"subjected",
"by",
"the",
"national",
"highway",
"traffic",
"safety",
"administration",
"(",
"nh",
"##tsa",
")",
"to",
"a",
"20",
"mph"
] | 878,641 |
executives replied that reuters'estimates were significantly flawed as they also allocated the vehicle's research and development program costs only against the number of volts sold in the united states ( as of august 2012 ), instead of spreading the total costs over the entire lifetime of the model, as well as including those units sold in europe and other countries. gm explained that the investments will pay off once the innovative technologies of the volt are applied across multiple current and future products. = = = battery pack fire risk = = = in june 2011 a volt that had been subjected by the national highway traffic safety administration ( nhtsa ) to a 20 mph
| 1,594 |
[
"(",
"32",
"km",
"/",
"h",
")",
"side",
"pole",
"impact",
"crash",
"test",
"followed",
"by",
"a",
"post",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"impact",
"roll",
"##over",
",",
"caught",
"fire",
"three",
"weeks",
"later",
"in",
"the",
"test",
"center",
"parking",
"lot",
",",
"burning",
"nearby",
"vehicles",
".",
"the",
"battery",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"source",
"of",
"the",
"fire",
".",
"after",
"the",
"fire",
",",
"both",
"chevrolet",
"and",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"independently",
"replicate",
"##d",
"the",
"crash",
"test",
"and",
"a",
"subsequent",
"vehicle",
"rotation",
"procedure",
"to",
"test",
"for",
"any",
"fluid",
"leak",
"##age",
",",
"but",
"in",
"their",
"first",
"attempt",
"they",
"could",
"not",
"reproduce",
"the",
"conditions",
"under",
"which",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
"ignited",
".",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"said",
"it",
"had",
"\"",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"crash",
"test",
"damaged",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"’",
"s",
"lithium",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ion",
"battery",
"and",
"that",
"the",
"damage",
"led",
"to"
] | 878,642 |
( 32 km / h ) side pole impact crash test followed by a post @ - @ impact rollover, caught fire three weeks later in the test center parking lot, burning nearby vehicles. the battery was found to be the source of the fire. after the fire, both chevrolet and the nhtsa independently replicated the crash test and a subsequent vehicle rotation procedure to test for any fluid leakage, but in their first attempt they could not reproduce the conditions under which the battery pack ignited. the nhtsa said it had " concluded that the crash test damaged the volt ’ s lithium @ - @ ion battery and that the damage led to
| 1,520 |
[
"a",
"vehicle",
"fire",
"that",
"took",
"several",
"weeks",
"to",
"develop",
".",
"\"",
"in",
"further",
"testing",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"batteries",
"carried",
"out",
"by",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"in",
"november",
"2011",
",",
"two",
"of",
"the",
"three",
"tests",
"resulted",
"in",
"thermal",
"events",
".",
"one",
"battery",
"pack",
"was",
"rotated",
"180",
"degrees",
"within",
"hours",
"after",
"it",
"was",
"impacted",
"and",
"began",
"to",
"smoke",
"and",
"emi",
"##t",
"sparks",
"after",
"rotation",
".",
"in",
"the",
"other",
"case",
",",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
"that",
"was",
"crashed",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"tested",
"one",
"week",
"earlier",
"and",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"monitored",
"since",
"the",
"test",
"caught",
"fire",
".",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"then",
"took",
"an",
"uncommon",
"step",
"on",
"november",
"25",
",",
"2011",
"and",
"opened",
"a",
"formal",
"safety",
"defect",
"investigation",
"\"",
"without",
"any",
"data",
"from",
"real",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"world",
"incidents",
"\"",
"to",
"examine",
"the"
] | 878,643 |
a vehicle fire that took several weeks to develop. " in further testing of the volt's batteries carried out by nhtsa in november 2011, two of the three tests resulted in thermal events. one battery pack was rotated 180 degrees within hours after it was impacted and began to smoke and emit sparks after rotation. in the other case, the battery pack that was crashed @ - @ tested one week earlier and that had been monitored since the test caught fire. the nhtsa then took an uncommon step on november 25, 2011 and opened a formal safety defect investigation " without any data from real @ - @ world incidents " to examine the
| 1,599 |
[
"potential",
"risks",
"involved",
"from",
"intrusion",
"damage",
"to",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
"in",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"after",
"the",
"initial",
"vol",
"##t",
"fire",
",",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"examined",
"the",
"nissan",
"leaf",
"and",
"other",
"plug",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"electric",
"vehicles",
"and",
"said",
"its",
"testing",
"“",
"has",
"not",
"raised",
"safety",
"concerns",
"about",
"vehicles",
"other",
"than",
"the",
"chevy",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"”",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"this",
"investigation",
",",
"gm",
"announced",
"that",
"it",
"would",
"offer",
"any",
"new",
"gm",
"car",
"in",
"exchange",
"to",
"any",
"vol",
"##t",
"owner",
"who",
"has",
"concerns",
"while",
"the",
"federal",
"investigation",
"was",
"taking",
"place",
".",
"in",
"december",
"2011",
",",
"the",
"company",
"said",
"that",
"if",
"necessary",
"they",
"were",
"prepared",
"to",
"recall",
"all",
"the",
"vehicles",
"and",
"repair",
"them",
"upon",
"determination",
"of",
"the",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"fires",
",",
"and",
"also",
"announced",
"they"
] | 878,644 |
potential risks involved from intrusion damage to the battery pack in the chevrolet volt. after the initial volt fire, the nhtsa examined the nissan leaf and other plug @ - @ in electric vehicles and said its testing “ has not raised safety concerns about vehicles other than the chevy volt. ” as a result of this investigation, gm announced that it would offer any new gm car in exchange to any volt owner who has concerns while the federal investigation was taking place. in december 2011, the company said that if necessary they were prepared to recall all the vehicles and repair them upon determination of the cause of the fires, and also announced they
| 1,042 |
[
"would",
"buy",
"back",
"the",
"car",
"if",
"the",
"owner",
"was",
"too",
"afraid",
"of",
"the",
"potential",
"for",
"a",
"fire",
".",
"gm",
"'",
"s",
"ceo",
"also",
"said",
"that",
"it",
"may",
"be",
"necessary",
"to",
"redesign",
"or",
"make",
"changes",
"to",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"recommendations",
"from",
"federal",
"officials",
".",
"as",
"of",
"december",
"1",
",",
"33",
"vol",
"##t",
"owners",
"in",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"and",
"3",
"in",
"canada",
"had",
"requested",
"a",
"loan",
"##er",
"car",
".",
"as",
"of",
"december",
"5",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"reported",
"that",
"a",
"couple",
"dozen",
"vol",
"##t",
"owners",
"had",
"requested",
"the",
"car",
"##maker",
"to",
"buy",
"back",
"their",
"cars",
",",
"and",
"the",
"company",
"had",
"already",
"agreed",
"to",
"rep",
"##ur",
"##chase",
"about",
"a",
"dozen",
".",
"before",
"the",
"car",
"##maker",
"agrees",
"to",
"buy",
"back",
"each",
"vehicle",
",",
"other",
"options",
"are",
"explored",
"as"
] | 878,645 |
would buy back the car if the owner was too afraid of the potential for a fire. gm's ceo also said that it may be necessary to redesign or make changes to the battery pack depending on the recommendations from federal officials. as of december 1, 33 volt owners in the u. s. and 3 in canada had requested a loaner car. as of december 5, general motors reported that a couple dozen volt owners had requested the carmaker to buy back their cars, and the company had already agreed to repurchase about a dozen. before the carmaker agrees to buy back each vehicle, other options are explored as
| 1,042 |
[
"gm",
"primarily",
"wants",
"to",
"provide",
"loan",
"##er",
"cars",
",",
"but",
"\"",
"if",
"the",
"only",
"way",
"we",
"can",
"make",
"them",
"happy",
"is",
"to",
"rep",
"##ur",
"##chase",
"it",
",",
"then",
"we",
"will",
",",
"\"",
"a",
"gm",
"spokesman",
"said",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"explained",
"that",
"the",
"buy",
"back",
"price",
"includes",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"purchase",
"price",
",",
"plus",
"taxes",
"and",
"fees",
",",
"less",
"a",
"usage",
"fee",
"based",
"on",
"how",
"many",
"miles",
"the",
"car",
"has",
"been",
"run",
".",
"as",
"of",
"january",
"5",
",",
"2012",
",",
"gm",
"reported",
"that",
"around",
"250",
"vol",
"##t",
"owners",
"had",
"requested",
"either",
"a",
"loan",
"##er",
"vehicle",
"or",
"a",
"potential",
"buy",
"##back",
".",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"also",
"said",
"it",
"was",
"working",
"with",
"all",
"auto",
"##makers",
"to",
"develop",
"post",
"##cr",
"##ash",
"procedures",
"to",
"keep",
"occupants",
"of",
"electric",
"vehicles",
"and",
"emergency",
"personnel",
"who"
] | 878,646 |
gm primarily wants to provide loaner cars, but " if the only way we can make them happy is to repurchase it, then we will, " a gm spokesman said. general motors explained that the buy back price includes the volt purchase price, plus taxes and fees, less a usage fee based on how many miles the car has been run. as of january 5, 2012, gm reported that around 250 volt owners had requested either a loaner vehicle or a potential buyback. the nhtsa also said it was working with all automakers to develop postcrash procedures to keep occupants of electric vehicles and emergency personnel who
| 1,045 |
[
"respond",
"to",
"crash",
"scenes",
"safe",
".",
"additionally",
",",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"advised",
"to",
"be",
"aware",
"that",
"fires",
"may",
"occur",
"a",
"considerable",
"amount",
"of",
"time",
"after",
"a",
"crash",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"said",
"the",
"first",
"fire",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"avoided",
"if",
"gm",
"'",
"s",
"protocols",
"for",
"dea",
"##ct",
"##ivating",
"the",
"battery",
"after",
"the",
"crash",
"had",
"been",
"followed",
".",
"these",
"protocols",
"had",
"been",
"used",
"by",
"gm",
"since",
"july",
"2011",
"but",
"were",
"not",
"shared",
"with",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"until",
"november",
"2011",
".",
"in",
"another",
"statement",
"the",
"car",
"##maker",
"stated",
"that",
"they",
"“",
"are",
"working",
"with",
"other",
"vehicle",
"manufacturers",
",",
"first",
"respond",
"##ers",
",",
"tow",
"truck",
"operators",
",",
"and",
"salvage",
"associations",
"with",
"the",
"goal",
"of",
"implementing",
"industry",
"##wide",
"protocols",
".",
"”",
"customer",
"deliveries",
"of",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"in",
"europe",
"were",
"delayed",
"until"
] | 878,647 |
respond to crash scenes safe. additionally, nhtsa advised to be aware that fires may occur a considerable amount of time after a crash. general motors said the first fire would have been avoided if gm's protocols for deactivating the battery after the crash had been followed. these protocols had been used by gm since july 2011 but were not shared with the nhtsa until november 2011. in another statement the carmaker stated that they “ are working with other vehicle manufacturers, first responders, tow truck operators, and salvage associations with the goal of implementing industrywide protocols. ” customer deliveries of the opel ampera in europe were delayed until
| 448 |
[
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"completed",
"its",
"investigation",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"battery",
"fire",
"risk",
"to",
"make",
"sure",
"the",
"vehicle",
"is",
"safe",
".",
"however",
",",
"deliveries",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##ts",
"in",
"europe",
"began",
"in",
"france",
"in",
"november",
"2011",
".",
"deliveries",
"of",
"the",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
"continued",
"as",
"scheduled",
"for",
"may",
"2012",
".",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"deliveries",
"began",
"in",
"february",
"2012",
".",
"battery",
"enhancement",
"##s",
"on",
"january",
"5",
",",
"2012",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"announced",
"that",
"it",
"would",
"offer",
"a",
"customer",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"satisfaction",
"program",
"to",
"provide",
"modifications",
"to",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"to",
"reduce",
"the",
"chance",
"that",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
"could",
"catch",
"fire",
"days",
"or",
"weeks",
"after",
"a",
"severe",
"accident",
".",
"the",
"car",
"##maker",
"described",
"the",
"modifications",
"as",
"voluntary",
"enhancement"
] | 878,648 |
the nhtsa completed its investigation of the volt's battery fire risk to make sure the vehicle is safe. however, deliveries of the first chevrolet volts in europe began in france in november 2011. deliveries of the vauxhall ampera in the uk continued as scheduled for may 2012. opel ampera deliveries began in february 2012. battery enhancements on january 5, 2012, general motors announced that it would offer a customer @ - @ satisfaction program to provide modifications to the chevrolet volt to reduce the chance that the battery pack could catch fire days or weeks after a severe accident. the carmaker described the modifications as voluntary enhancement
| 361 |
[
"##s",
"and",
"stated",
"that",
"neither",
"the",
"car",
"nor",
"the",
"battery",
"was",
"being",
"recalled",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"determined",
"the",
"june",
"fire",
"was",
"the",
"result",
"of",
"a",
"minor",
"intrusion",
"from",
"a",
"portion",
"of",
"the",
"vehicle",
"into",
"a",
"side",
"section",
"of",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
".",
"this",
"intrusion",
"resulted",
"in",
"a",
"small",
"cool",
"##ant",
"leak",
"inside",
"the",
"battery",
"of",
"approximately",
"50",
"ml",
"(",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"8",
"imp",
"fl",
"oz",
";",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"7",
"us",
"fl",
"oz",
")",
".",
"when",
"the",
"vehicle",
"was",
"put",
"through",
"a",
"slow",
"roll",
",",
"where",
"it",
"was",
"rotated",
"at",
"90",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"degree",
"inc",
"##rem",
"##ents",
",",
"holding",
"in",
"each",
"position",
"for",
"about",
"five",
"minutes",
",",
"an",
"additional",
"1",
"liter",
"(",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"22",
"imp",
"gal",
";",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@"
] | 878,649 |
##s and stated that neither the car nor the battery was being recalled. general motors determined the june fire was the result of a minor intrusion from a portion of the vehicle into a side section of the battery pack. this intrusion resulted in a small coolant leak inside the battery of approximately 50 ml ( 1 @. @ 8 imp fl oz ; 1 @. @ 7 us fl oz ). when the vehicle was put through a slow roll, where it was rotated at 90 @ - @ degree increments, holding in each position for about five minutes, an additional 1 liter ( 0 @. @ 22 imp gal ; 0 @. @
| 142 |
[
"26",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"gal",
")",
"of",
"cool",
"##ant",
"leaked",
".",
"with",
"the",
"vehicle",
"in",
"the",
"180",
"degrees",
"position",
"(",
"upside",
"down",
")",
",",
"the",
"cool",
"##ant",
"came",
"in",
"contact",
"with",
"the",
"printed",
"circuit",
"board",
"electronics",
"at",
"the",
"top",
"of",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
"and",
"later",
"crystal",
"##lized",
".",
"three",
"weeks",
"later",
"this",
"condition",
",",
"in",
"combination",
"with",
"a",
"charged",
"battery",
",",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"short",
"circuit",
"that",
"resulted",
"in",
"the",
"post",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"crash",
"fire",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"explained",
"the",
"modifications",
"will",
"enhance",
"the",
"vehicle",
"structure",
"that",
"surround",
"the",
"battery",
"and",
"the",
"battery",
"cool",
"##ant",
"system",
"to",
"improve",
"battery",
"protection",
"after",
"a",
"severe",
"crash",
".",
"the",
"safety",
"enhancement",
"##s",
"consist",
"of",
"strengthening",
"an",
"existing",
"portion",
"of",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"’",
"s",
"vehicle",
"safety",
"structure",
"to",
"further"
] | 878,650 |
26 u. s. gal ) of coolant leaked. with the vehicle in the 180 degrees position ( upside down ), the coolant came in contact with the printed circuit board electronics at the top of the battery pack and later crystallized. three weeks later this condition, in combination with a charged battery, led to a short circuit that resulted in the post @ - @ crash fire. general motors explained the modifications will enhance the vehicle structure that surround the battery and the battery coolant system to improve battery protection after a severe crash. the safety enhancements consist of strengthening an existing portion of the volt ’ s vehicle safety structure to further
| 1,814 |
[
"protect",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
"in",
"a",
"severe",
"side",
"collision",
";",
"add",
"a",
"sensor",
"in",
"the",
"reservoir",
"of",
"the",
"battery",
"cool",
"##ant",
"system",
"to",
"monitor",
"cool",
"##ant",
"levels",
";",
"and",
"add",
"a",
"tam",
"##per",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"resistant",
"bracket",
"to",
"the",
"top",
"of",
"the",
"battery",
"cool",
"##ant",
"reservoir",
"to",
"help",
"prevent",
"potential",
"cool",
"##ant",
"over",
"##fi",
"##ll",
".",
"the",
"additional",
"side",
"safety",
"structural",
"pieces",
"have",
"a",
"total",
"weight",
"of",
"2",
"to",
"3",
"lb",
"(",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"91",
"to",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"36",
"kg",
")",
",",
"and",
"their",
"function",
"is",
"to",
"spread",
"the",
"load",
"of",
"a",
"severe",
"side",
"impact",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"battery",
"pack",
",",
"reducing",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"intrusion",
"into",
"the",
"pack",
".",
"during",
"december",
"2011",
",",
"gm",
"conducted",
"four",
"crash",
"tests",
"of",
"vol",
"##ts",
"with"
] | 878,651 |
protect the battery pack in a severe side collision ; add a sensor in the reservoir of the battery coolant system to monitor coolant levels ; and add a tamper @ - @ resistant bracket to the top of the battery coolant reservoir to help prevent potential coolant overfill. the additional side safety structural pieces have a total weight of 2 to 3 lb ( 0 @. @ 91 to 1 @. @ 36 kg ), and their function is to spread the load of a severe side impact away from the battery pack, reducing the possibility of intrusion into the pack. during december 2011, gm conducted four crash tests of volts with
| 1,814 |
[
"the",
"reinforced",
"steel",
"and",
"upgraded",
"cooling",
"system",
",",
"resulting",
"in",
"no",
"intrusion",
"to",
"the",
"battery",
"and",
"no",
"cool",
"##ant",
"leak",
"##age",
".",
"on",
"december",
"22",
",",
"2011",
",",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"also",
"subjected",
"a",
"modified",
"vol",
"##t",
"to",
"the",
"same",
"test",
"that",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"original",
"fire",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"the",
"damage",
"that",
"is",
"believed",
"to",
"have",
"been",
"the",
"cause",
".",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"said",
"“",
"the",
"preliminary",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"crash",
"test",
"indicate",
"the",
"remedy",
"proposed",
"by",
"general",
"motors",
"today",
"should",
"address",
"the",
"issue",
"of",
"battery",
"intrusion",
"”",
"though",
"its",
"investigation",
"remained",
"open",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"declined",
"to",
"say",
"how",
"much",
"the",
"modifications",
"would",
"cost",
".",
"all",
"12",
"@",
",",
"@",
"400",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##ts",
"produced",
"until",
"december",
"2011",
",",
"including",
"all",
"amp",
"##eras",
"in"
] | 878,652 |
the reinforced steel and upgraded cooling system, resulting in no intrusion to the battery and no coolant leakage. on december 22, 2011, the nhtsa also subjected a modified volt to the same test that led to the original fire, with no signs of the damage that is believed to have been the cause. the nhtsa said “ the preliminary results of the crash test indicate the remedy proposed by general motors today should address the issue of battery intrusion ” though its investigation remained open. general motors declined to say how much the modifications would cost. all 12 @, @ 400 chevrolet volts produced until december 2011, including all amperas in
| 1,520 |
[
"stock",
"at",
"european",
"dealers",
"##hips",
",",
"were",
"scheduled",
"to",
"receive",
"the",
"safety",
"enhancement",
"##s",
".",
"since",
"production",
"was",
"halted",
"during",
"the",
"holidays",
",",
"the",
"enhancement",
"##s",
"were",
"in",
"place",
"when",
"production",
"resumed",
"in",
"early",
"2012",
".",
"sales",
"continued",
",",
"and",
"dealers",
"modified",
"the",
"vol",
"##ts",
"they",
"had",
"in",
"stock",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"sent",
"a",
"letter",
"to",
"vol",
"##t",
"owners",
"indicating",
"that",
"they",
"could",
"schedule",
"the",
"service",
"appointment",
"to",
"protect",
"their",
"batteries",
"beginning",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"week",
"of",
"march",
"2012",
".",
"general",
"motors",
"also",
"decided",
"to",
"replace",
"the",
"120",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"vol",
"##t",
"charging",
"cords",
"in",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"nearly",
"10",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"vol",
"##ts",
"sold",
"since",
"late",
"2010",
".",
"the",
"new",
"cords",
"were",
"enhanced",
"to",
"add",
"du",
"##ra",
"##bility",
",",
"and",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"chargers"
] | 878,653 |
stock at european dealerships, were scheduled to receive the safety enhancements. since production was halted during the holidays, the enhancements were in place when production resumed in early 2012. sales continued, and dealers modified the volts they had in stock. general motors sent a letter to volt owners indicating that they could schedule the service appointment to protect their batteries beginning in the last week of march 2012. general motors also decided to replace the 120 @ - @ volt charging cords in most of the nearly 10 @, @ 000 volts sold since late 2010. the new cords were enhanced to add durability, and some of the chargers
| 624 |
[
"built",
"after",
"february",
"5",
"have",
"the",
"new",
"cords",
".",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"findings",
"on",
"january",
"20",
",",
"2012",
",",
"the",
"national",
"highway",
"traffic",
"safety",
"administration",
"closed",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"safety",
"defect",
"investigation",
"related",
"to",
"post",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"crash",
"fire",
"risk",
".",
"the",
"agency",
"concluded",
"that",
"\"",
"no",
"disc",
"##ern",
"##ible",
"defect",
"trend",
"exists",
"\"",
"and",
"also",
"found",
"that",
"the",
"modifications",
"recently",
"developed",
"by",
"general",
"motors",
"are",
"sufficient",
"to",
"reduce",
"the",
"potential",
"for",
"battery",
"intrusion",
"resulting",
"from",
"side",
"impacts",
".",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"also",
"said",
"that",
"\"",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"available",
"data",
",",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"does",
"not",
"believe",
"that",
"chevy",
"vol",
"##ts",
"or",
"other",
"electric",
"vehicles",
"pose",
"a",
"greater",
"risk",
"of",
"fire",
"than",
"gasoline",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"powered",
"vehicles",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"agency",
"also",
"announced",
"it",
"has"
] | 878,654 |
built after february 5 have the new cords. nhtsa findings on january 20, 2012, the national highway traffic safety administration closed the volt's safety defect investigation related to post @ - @ crash fire risk. the agency concluded that " no discernible defect trend exists " and also found that the modifications recently developed by general motors are sufficient to reduce the potential for battery intrusion resulting from side impacts. the nhtsa also said that " based on the available data, nhtsa does not believe that chevy volts or other electric vehicles pose a greater risk of fire than gasoline @ - @ powered vehicles. " the agency also announced it has
| 1,599 |
[
"developed",
"interim",
"guidance",
"to",
"increase",
"awareness",
"and",
"identify",
"appropriate",
"safety",
"measures",
"regarding",
"electric",
"vehicles",
"for",
"the",
"emergency",
"response",
"community",
",",
"law",
"enforcement",
"officers",
",",
"tow",
"truck",
"operators",
",",
"storage",
"facilities",
"and",
"consumers",
".",
"house",
"of",
"representatives",
"hearing",
"the",
"chairman",
"of",
"the",
"subcommittee",
"on",
"regulatory",
"affairs",
",",
"stimulus",
"oversight",
"and",
"government",
"spending",
",",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"representative",
"jim",
"jordan",
"held",
"hearings",
"on",
"january",
"25",
",",
"2012",
",",
"to",
"investigate",
"why",
"the",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"opened",
"a",
"formal",
"investigation",
"only",
"five",
"months",
"after",
"the",
"first",
"post",
"##cr",
"##ash",
"battery",
"fire",
"occurred",
"in",
"june",
".",
"the",
"subcommittee",
"of",
"the",
"house",
"committee",
"on",
"oversight",
"and",
"government",
"reform",
"wanted",
"to",
"determine",
"if",
"government",
"officials",
",",
"including",
"from",
"nh",
"##tsa",
",",
"purposely",
"held",
"back",
"information",
"on",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"fire",
"for",
"political",
"reasons",
"."
] | 878,655 |
developed interim guidance to increase awareness and identify appropriate safety measures regarding electric vehicles for the emergency response community, law enforcement officers, tow truck operators, storage facilities and consumers. house of representatives hearing the chairman of the subcommittee on regulatory affairs, stimulus oversight and government spending, u. s. representative jim jordan held hearings on january 25, 2012, to investigate why the nhtsa opened a formal investigation only five months after the first postcrash battery fire occurred in june. the subcommittee of the house committee on oversight and government reform wanted to determine if government officials, including from nhtsa, purposely held back information on the volt fire for political reasons.
| 1,147 |
[
"both",
"daniel",
"ak",
"##erson",
",",
"general",
"motors",
"ceo",
",",
"and",
"david",
"l",
".",
"st",
"##rick",
"##land",
",",
"nh",
"##tsa",
"administrator",
",",
"denied",
"any",
"wrong",
"##do",
"##ing",
".",
"=",
"=",
"reception",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"awards",
"and",
"recognition",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"has",
"received",
"awards",
"from",
"multiple",
"organizations",
":",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"organizations",
"2009",
"green",
"car",
"vision",
"award",
"by",
"the",
"green",
"car",
"journal",
"at",
"the",
"washington",
"auto",
"show",
"for",
"\"",
"a",
"bold",
"and",
"far",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"reaching",
"approach",
"that",
"promises",
"to",
"bring",
"an",
"exceptionally",
"fuel",
"efficient",
"model",
"to",
"consumers",
"at",
"reasonable",
"cost",
".",
"\"",
"2011",
"car",
"and",
"driver",
"ten",
"best",
"cars",
".",
"for",
"the",
"first",
"time",
"ever",
"car",
"and",
"driver",
"magazine",
"included",
"an",
"electrically",
"powered",
"car",
"among",
"its",
"10",
"best",
".",
"2011",
"motor",
"trend"
] | 878,656 |
both daniel akerson, general motors ceo, and david l. strickland, nhtsa administrator, denied any wrongdoing. = = reception = = = = = awards and recognition = = = the volt has received awards from multiple organizations : u. s. organizations 2009 green car vision award by the green car journal at the washington auto show for " a bold and far @ - @ reaching approach that promises to bring an exceptionally fuel efficient model to consumers at reasonable cost. " 2011 car and driver ten best cars. for the first time ever car and driver magazine included an electrically powered car among its 10 best. 2011 motor trend
| 1,042 |
[
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
".",
"the",
"magazine",
"commented",
"that",
"\"",
"in",
"the",
"61",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"year",
"history",
"of",
"the",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"award",
",",
"there",
"have",
"been",
"few",
"contenders",
"as",
"h",
"##ype",
"##d",
"–",
"or",
"as",
"controversial",
"–",
"as",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"\"",
"2011",
"green",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"by",
"green",
"car",
"journal",
".",
"the",
"magazine",
"editors",
"explained",
"that",
"\"",
"this",
"award",
"welcome",
"##s",
"a",
"new",
"genre",
"of",
"mass",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"production",
"electric",
"vehicles",
"to",
"the",
"consumer",
"market",
",",
"with",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ever",
"electric",
"vehicle",
"to",
"take",
"top",
"prize",
".",
"\"",
"2011",
"automobile",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"by",
"automobile",
"magazine",
".",
"the",
"editors",
"commented",
"that",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"\"",
".",
".",
".",
"is",
"genuinely",
"an",
"all",
"@"
] | 878,657 |
car of the year. the magazine commented that " in the 61 @ - @ year history of the car of the year award, there have been few contenders as hyped – or as controversial – as the chevrolet volt. " 2011 green car of the year by green car journal. the magazine editors explained that " this award welcomes a new genre of mass @ - @ production electric vehicles to the consumer market, with the volt as the first @ - @ ever electric vehicle to take top prize. " 2011 automobile of the year by automobile magazine. the editors commented that the volt "... is genuinely an all @
| 2,384 |
[
"-",
"@",
"new",
"car",
",",
"in",
"the",
"most",
"sim",
"##pl",
"##istic",
"sense",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"in",
"the",
"greater",
"notion",
"that",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"is",
"unlike",
"any",
"vehicle",
"we",
"have",
"ever",
"driven",
".",
"\"",
"2011",
"north",
"american",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"announced",
"at",
"the",
"2011",
"north",
"american",
"international",
"auto",
"show",
".",
"forty",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"nine",
"american",
"and",
"canadian",
"automobile",
"writers",
"chose",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
".",
"the",
"nominees",
"were",
"judged",
"based",
"on",
"\"",
"innovation",
",",
"design",
",",
"safety",
",",
"handling",
",",
"driver",
"satisfaction",
"and",
"value",
"\"",
".",
"listed",
"among",
"the",
"2011",
"greene",
"##st",
"vehicles",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"by",
"the",
"american",
"council",
"for",
"an",
"energy",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"efficient",
"economy",
".",
"listed",
"among",
"the",
"2011",
"best",
"green",
"cars",
"by",
"mother",
"earth",
"news",
".",
"2011",
"edison",
"award",
"-",
"gold",
"in",
"the"
] | 878,658 |
- @ new car, in the most simplistic sense as well as in the greater notion that the volt is unlike any vehicle we have ever driven. " 2011 north american car of the year announced at the 2011 north american international auto show. forty @ - @ nine american and canadian automobile writers chose the volt. the nominees were judged based on " innovation, design, safety, handling, driver satisfaction and value ". listed among the 2011 greenest vehicles of the year by the american council for an energy @ - @ efficient economy. listed among the 2011 best green cars by mother earth news. 2011 edison award - gold in the
| 1,042 |
[
"transportation",
"category",
",",
"personal",
"transportation",
"segment",
".",
"2012",
"best",
"res",
"##ale",
"value",
"award",
"in",
"the",
"category",
"of",
"electric",
"cars",
"by",
"kelley",
"blue",
"book",
".",
"2011",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"ranked",
"first",
"in",
"consumer",
"reports",
"'",
"list",
"of",
"owner",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"satisfaction",
"based",
"on",
"its",
"2011",
"annual",
"auto",
"survey",
",",
"with",
"93",
"%",
"respondents",
"who",
"owned",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"saying",
"they",
"definitely",
"would",
"purchase",
"that",
"same",
"vehicle",
"again",
".",
"the",
"magazine",
"noted",
"that",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"had",
"been",
"on",
"sale",
"for",
"just",
"a",
"few",
"months",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"the",
"survey",
",",
"and",
"also",
"clarified",
"that",
"the",
"survey",
"took",
"place",
"before",
"the",
"national",
"highway",
"traffic",
"safety",
"administration",
"investigation",
"regarding",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"'",
"s",
"battery",
"fire",
"risk",
".",
"2012",
"total",
"cost",
"of",
"ownership",
"award",
"in",
"the",
"electric",
"car",
"category"
] | 878,659 |
transportation category, personal transportation segment. 2012 best resale value award in the category of electric cars by kelley blue book. 2011 the volt ranked first in consumer reports'list of owner @ - @ satisfaction based on its 2011 annual auto survey, with 93 % respondents who owned the volt saying they definitely would purchase that same vehicle again. the magazine noted that the volt had been on sale for just a few months at the time of the survey, and also clarified that the survey took place before the national highway traffic safety administration investigation regarding the volt's battery fire risk. 2012 total cost of ownership award in the electric car category
| 1,045 |
[
",",
"granted",
"by",
"kelley",
"blue",
"book",
"for",
"the",
"lowest",
"projected",
"costs",
"during",
"initial",
"five",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"year",
"ownership",
"period",
"in",
"its",
"category",
".",
"2012",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"ranked",
"first",
",",
"for",
"a",
"second",
"year",
"in",
"a",
"row",
",",
"in",
"consumer",
"reports",
"'",
"list",
"of",
"owner",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"satisfaction",
"based",
"on",
"its",
"2012",
"annual",
"auto",
"survey",
",",
"with",
"92",
"%",
"respondents",
"who",
"owned",
"the",
"vol",
"##t",
"saying",
"they",
"definitely",
"would",
"purchase",
"that",
"same",
"vehicle",
"again",
".",
"2016",
"green",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"by",
"green",
"car",
"journal",
"(",
"awarded",
"to",
"the",
"second",
"generation",
"vol",
"##t",
")",
".",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"is",
"the",
"first",
"model",
"to",
"receive",
"this",
"award",
"more",
"than",
"once",
".",
"international",
"organizations",
"2009",
"festival",
"automobile",
"international",
"awarded",
"the",
"grand",
"prize",
"for",
"environment",
"to",
"the",
"vol"
] | 878,660 |
, granted by kelley blue book for the lowest projected costs during initial five @ - @ year ownership period in its category. 2012 the volt ranked first, for a second year in a row, in consumer reports'list of owner @ - @ satisfaction based on its 2012 annual auto survey, with 92 % respondents who owned the volt saying they definitely would purchase that same vehicle again. 2016 green car of the year by green car journal ( awarded to the second generation volt ). the chevrolet volt is the first model to receive this award more than once. international organizations 2009 festival automobile international awarded the grand prize for environment to the vol
| 1,042 |
[
"##t",
".",
"2011",
"world",
"green",
"car",
"announced",
"at",
"the",
"2011",
"new",
"york",
"auto",
"show",
".",
"2012",
"international",
"engine",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"award",
"in",
"the",
"category",
"of",
"green",
"engine",
",",
"shared",
"by",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"and",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"for",
"their",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"4",
"l",
"engine",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"based",
"extended",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"range",
"electric",
"power",
"##train",
".",
"european",
"organizations",
"2011",
"overall",
"winner",
"of",
"what",
"car",
"?",
"green",
"awards",
",",
"granted",
"by",
"the",
"uk",
"magazine",
"to",
"the",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
".",
"2011",
"top",
"gear",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"green",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"2011",
"\"",
"to",
"the",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
"amp",
"##era",
".",
"2012",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"in",
"denmark",
".",
"in",
"october",
"2011",
",",
"18",
"danish",
"motor",
"journalists",
"chose",
"the",
"op"
] | 878,661 |
##t. 2011 world green car announced at the 2011 new york auto show. 2012 international engine of the year award in the category of green engine, shared by the opel ampera and the chevrolet volt for their 1 @. @ 4 l engine @ - @ based extended @ - @ range electric powertrain. european organizations 2011 overall winner of what car? green awards, granted by the uk magazine to the vauxhall ampera. 2011 top gear's " green car of the year 2011 " to the vauxhall ampera. 2012 car of the year in denmark. in october 2011, 18 danish motor journalists chose the op
| 1,042 |
[
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"as",
"\"",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"2012",
"\"",
"by",
"a",
"wide",
"margin",
",",
"despite",
"being",
"more",
"expensive",
"than",
"the",
"family",
"cars",
"the",
"award",
"usually",
"goes",
"to",
".",
"2012",
"european",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
",",
"shared",
"by",
"the",
"chevrolet",
"vol",
"##t",
"and",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"/",
"va",
"##ux",
"##hall",
".",
"the",
"amp",
"##era",
"/",
"vol",
"##t",
"became",
"the",
"first",
"car",
"developed",
"in",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"to",
"win",
"this",
"european",
"award",
".",
"2013",
"green",
"mobility",
"trophy",
".",
"readers",
"of",
"auto",
"ze",
"##itung",
"in",
"germany",
"awarded",
"the",
"op",
"##el",
"amp",
"##era",
"the",
"th",
"##rop",
"##hy",
"and",
"named",
"the",
"mid",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"size",
"sedan",
"the",
"best",
"electric",
"vehicle",
".",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"organizations",
"2012",
"drive",
"'",
"s",
"green",
"innovation",
"award",
"to",
"the",
"holden",
"vol",
"##t"
] | 878,662 |
##el ampera as " car of the year 2012 " by a wide margin, despite being more expensive than the family cars the award usually goes to. 2012 european car of the year, shared by the chevrolet volt and the opel / vauxhall. the ampera / volt became the first car developed in the u. s. to win this european award. 2013 green mobility trophy. readers of auto zeitung in germany awarded the opel ampera the throphy and named the mid @ - @ size sedan the best electric vehicle. rest of the world organizations 2012 drive's green innovation award to the holden volt
| 1,042 |
[
",",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"australia",
"'",
"s",
"drive",
"car",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"awards",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"reviews",
"and",
"test",
"drives",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"following",
"tables",
"sum",
"##mar",
"##ize",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"long",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"term",
"tests",
"reported",
"by",
"specialized",
"media",
".",
"notes",
":",
"1",
".",
"^",
"the",
"epa",
"run",
"tests",
"used",
"a",
"rep",
"##rod",
"##ucible",
"methodology",
"to",
"produce",
"results",
"that",
"can",
"be",
"compared",
"between",
"vehicles",
"and",
"test",
"sites",
".",
"the",
"remainder",
"of",
"the",
"results",
"were",
"obtained",
"using",
"un",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"controlled",
"driving",
"cycles",
"and",
"are",
"comparable",
"neither",
"to",
"each",
"nor",
"between",
"different",
"vehicles",
".",
"=",
"arthur",
",",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
"=",
"arthur",
"tudor",
"(",
"20",
"september",
"148",
"##6",
"–",
"2",
"april",
"150",
"##2",
")",
"was",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
",",
"earl",
"of",
"chester",
"and"
] | 878,663 |
, as part of the australia's drive car of the year awards. = = = reviews and test drives = = = the following tables summarize the results of long @ - @ term tests reported by specialized media. notes : 1. ^ the epa run tests used a reproducible methodology to produce results that can be compared between vehicles and test sites. the remainder of the results were obtained using un @ - @ controlled driving cycles and are comparable neither to each nor between different vehicles. = arthur, prince of wales = arthur tudor ( 20 september 1486 – 2 april 1502 ) was prince of wales, earl of chester and
| 958 |
[
"duke",
"of",
"cornwall",
".",
"as",
"the",
"eldest",
"son",
"and",
"heir",
"apparent",
"of",
"henry",
"vii",
"of",
"england",
",",
"arthur",
"was",
"viewed",
"by",
"contemporaries",
"as",
"the",
"great",
"hope",
"of",
"the",
"newly",
"established",
"house",
"of",
"tudor",
".",
"his",
"mother",
",",
"elizabeth",
"of",
"york",
",",
"was",
"the",
"daughter",
"of",
"edward",
"iv",
",",
"and",
"his",
"birth",
"cement",
"##ed",
"the",
"union",
"between",
"the",
"house",
"of",
"tudor",
"and",
"the",
"house",
"of",
"york",
".",
"plans",
"for",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"marriage",
"began",
"before",
"his",
"third",
"birthday",
";",
"he",
"was",
"installed",
"as",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
"two",
"years",
"later",
".",
"he",
"grew",
"especially",
"close",
"to",
"his",
"siblings",
"margaret",
"and",
"henry",
",",
"duke",
"of",
"york",
",",
"with",
"the",
"latter",
"of",
"whom",
"he",
"shared",
"some",
"tutor",
"##s",
".",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"eleven",
",",
"arthur",
"was",
"formally",
"bet",
"##rot",
"##hed",
"to"
] | 878,664 |
duke of cornwall. as the eldest son and heir apparent of henry vii of england, arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established house of tudor. his mother, elizabeth of york, was the daughter of edward iv, and his birth cemented the union between the house of tudor and the house of york. plans for arthur's marriage began before his third birthday ; he was installed as prince of wales two years later. he grew especially close to his siblings margaret and henry, duke of york, with the latter of whom he shared some tutors. at the age of eleven, arthur was formally betrothed to
| 986 |
[
"catherine",
"of",
"aragon",
",",
"a",
"daughter",
"of",
"the",
"powerful",
"catholic",
"monarchs",
"in",
"spain",
",",
"in",
"an",
"effort",
"to",
"forge",
"an",
"anglo",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"spanish",
"alliance",
"against",
"france",
".",
"arthur",
"was",
"well",
"educated",
"and",
",",
"contrary",
"to",
"modern",
"belief",
",",
"was",
"in",
"good",
"health",
"for",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"his",
"life",
".",
"soon",
"after",
"his",
"marriage",
"to",
"catherine",
"in",
"150",
"##1",
",",
"the",
"couple",
"took",
"up",
"residence",
"at",
"lu",
"##dlow",
"castle",
"in",
"shropshire",
",",
"where",
"arthur",
"died",
"six",
"months",
"later",
"of",
"an",
"unknown",
"ai",
"##lm",
"##ent",
".",
"catherine",
"would",
"later",
"firmly",
"state",
"that",
"the",
"marriage",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"con",
"##sum",
"##mate",
"##d",
".",
"one",
"year",
"after",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"death",
",",
"henry",
"vii",
"renewed",
"his",
"efforts",
"of",
"sealing",
"a",
"marital",
"alliance",
"with",
"spain",
"by",
"arranging",
"for",
"catherine",
"to",
"marry"
] | 878,665 |
catherine of aragon, a daughter of the powerful catholic monarchs in spain, in an effort to forge an anglo @ - @ spanish alliance against france. arthur was well educated and, contrary to modern belief, was in good health for the majority of his life. soon after his marriage to catherine in 1501, the couple took up residence at ludlow castle in shropshire, where arthur died six months later of an unknown ailment. catherine would later firmly state that the marriage had not been consummated. one year after arthur's death, henry vii renewed his efforts of sealing a marital alliance with spain by arranging for catherine to marry
| 924 |
[
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"brother",
"henry",
",",
"who",
"had",
"by",
"then",
"become",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
".",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"un",
"##time",
"##ly",
"death",
"paved",
"the",
"way",
"for",
"henry",
"'",
"s",
"accession",
"as",
"henry",
"viii",
"in",
"150",
"##9",
".",
"the",
"potential",
"for",
"a",
"question",
"as",
"to",
"the",
"con",
"##sum",
"##mation",
"of",
"arthur",
"and",
"catherine",
"'",
"s",
"marriage",
",",
"was",
"much",
"later",
"(",
"and",
"in",
"a",
"completely",
"different",
"political",
"context",
")",
"exploited",
"by",
"henry",
"viii",
"and",
"his",
"court",
"to",
"cast",
"doubt",
"on",
"the",
"validity",
"of",
"catherine",
"'",
"s",
"union",
"with",
"henry",
",",
"eventually",
"leading",
"to",
"the",
"separation",
"between",
"the",
"church",
"of",
"england",
"and",
"the",
"roman",
"catholic",
"church",
".",
"in",
"148",
"##5",
",",
"henry",
"tudor",
"became",
"king",
"of",
"england",
"upon",
"defeating",
"richard",
"iii",
"at",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"bo",
"##sworth",
".",
"in",
"an"
] | 878,666 |
arthur's brother henry, who had by then become prince of wales. arthur's untimely death paved the way for henry's accession as henry viii in 1509. the potential for a question as to the consummation of arthur and catherine's marriage, was much later ( and in a completely different political context ) exploited by henry viii and his court to cast doubt on the validity of catherine's union with henry, eventually leading to the separation between the church of england and the roman catholic church. in 1485, henry tudor became king of england upon defeating richard iii at the battle of bosworth. in an
| 1,028 |
[
"effort",
"to",
"strengthen",
"the",
"tudor",
"claim",
"to",
"the",
"throne",
"and",
"emphasis",
"##e",
"his",
"family",
"'",
"s",
"welsh",
",",
"that",
"is",
"to",
"say",
"romano",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"british",
",",
"ancestry",
",",
"henry",
"had",
"royal",
"gene",
"##alo",
"##gist",
"##s",
"trace",
"his",
"lineage",
"back",
"to",
"the",
"ancient",
"british",
"rulers",
"and",
"decided",
"on",
"naming",
"his",
"first",
"##born",
"son",
"after",
"the",
"legendary",
"king",
"arthur",
".",
"on",
"this",
"occasion",
",",
"camel",
"##ot",
"was",
"identified",
"as",
"present",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"day",
"winchester",
",",
"and",
"his",
"wife",
",",
"elizabeth",
"of",
"york",
",",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"saint",
"sw",
"##ith",
"##un",
"'",
"s",
"priory",
"(",
"today",
"winchester",
"cathedral",
"priory",
")",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"give",
"birth",
"there",
".",
"born",
"at",
"saint",
"sw",
"##ith",
"##un",
"'",
"s",
"priory",
"on",
"20",
"september",
"148",
"##6",
"at",
"about",
"1",
"am",
",",
"arthur",
"was"
] | 878,667 |
effort to strengthen the tudor claim to the throne and emphasise his family's welsh, that is to say romano @ - @ british, ancestry, henry had royal genealogists trace his lineage back to the ancient british rulers and decided on naming his firstborn son after the legendary king arthur. on this occasion, camelot was identified as present @ - @ day winchester, and his wife, elizabeth of york, was sent to saint swithun's priory ( today winchester cathedral priory ) in order to give birth there. born at saint swithun's priory on 20 september 1486 at about 1 am, arthur was
| 932 |
[
"henry",
"and",
"elizabeth",
"'",
"s",
"eldest",
"child",
".",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"birth",
"was",
"anticipated",
"by",
"french",
"and",
"italian",
"humanist",
"##s",
"eager",
"for",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"a",
"\"",
"virgil",
"##ian",
"golden",
"age",
"\"",
".",
"sir",
"francis",
"bacon",
"wrote",
"that",
"although",
"the",
"prince",
"was",
"born",
"one",
"month",
"premature",
",",
"he",
"was",
"\"",
"strong",
"and",
"able",
"\"",
".",
"young",
"arthur",
"was",
"viewed",
"as",
"\"",
"a",
"living",
"symbol",
"\"",
"of",
"not",
"only",
"the",
"union",
"between",
"the",
"house",
"of",
"tudor",
"and",
"the",
"house",
"of",
"york",
",",
"but",
"also",
"of",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"wars",
"of",
"the",
"roses",
".",
"in",
"the",
"opinion",
"of",
"contemporaries",
",",
"arthur",
"was",
"the",
"great",
"hope",
"of",
"the",
"newly",
"established",
"house",
"of",
"tudor",
".",
"arthur",
"became",
"duke",
"of",
"cornwall",
"at",
"birth",
".",
"four",
"days",
"after",
"his",
"birth",
",",
"the",
"baby"
] | 878,668 |
henry and elizabeth's eldest child. arthur's birth was anticipated by french and italian humanists eager for the start of a " virgilian golden age ". sir francis bacon wrote that although the prince was born one month premature, he was " strong and able ". young arthur was viewed as " a living symbol " of not only the union between the house of tudor and the house of york, but also of the end of the wars of the roses. in the opinion of contemporaries, arthur was the great hope of the newly established house of tudor. arthur became duke of cornwall at birth. four days after his birth, the baby
| 957 |
[
"was",
"baptised",
"at",
"winchester",
"cathedral",
"by",
"the",
"bishop",
"of",
"worcester",
",",
"john",
"al",
"##cock",
",",
"and",
"his",
"baptism",
"was",
"immediately",
"followed",
"by",
"his",
"confirmation",
".",
"john",
"de",
"ve",
"##re",
",",
"13th",
"earl",
"of",
"oxford",
",",
"thomas",
"stanley",
",",
"1st",
"earl",
"of",
"derby",
",",
"william",
"fitz",
"##ala",
"##n",
",",
"16th",
"earl",
"of",
"arun",
"##del",
",",
"queen",
"elizabeth",
"wood",
"##ville",
"and",
"cecil",
"##y",
"of",
"york",
"served",
"as",
"god",
"##par",
"##ents",
";",
"the",
"latter",
"two",
"carried",
"the",
"prince",
"during",
"the",
"ceremony",
".",
"initially",
",",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"nursery",
"in",
"far",
"##nham",
"was",
"headed",
"by",
"elizabeth",
"darcy",
",",
"who",
"had",
"served",
"as",
"chief",
"nurse",
"for",
"edward",
"iv",
"'",
"s",
"children",
",",
"including",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"own",
"mother",
".",
"after",
"arthur",
"was",
"created",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
"in",
"149",
"##0",
",",
"he",
"was",
"awarded"
] | 878,669 |
was baptised at winchester cathedral by the bishop of worcester, john alcock, and his baptism was immediately followed by his confirmation. john de vere, 13th earl of oxford, thomas stanley, 1st earl of derby, william fitzalan, 16th earl of arundel, queen elizabeth woodville and cecily of york served as godparents ; the latter two carried the prince during the ceremony. initially, arthur's nursery in farnham was headed by elizabeth darcy, who had served as chief nurse for edward iv's children, including arthur's own mother. after arthur was created prince of wales in 1490, he was awarded
| 984 |
[
"a",
"household",
"structure",
"at",
"the",
"be",
"##hes",
"##t",
"of",
"his",
"father",
".",
"over",
"the",
"next",
"thirteen",
"years",
",",
"henry",
"vii",
"and",
"elizabeth",
"would",
"have",
"six",
"more",
"children",
",",
"of",
"whom",
"only",
"three",
"–",
"margaret",
",",
"henry",
"and",
"mary",
"–",
"would",
"reach",
"adulthood",
".",
"arthur",
"was",
"especially",
"close",
"to",
"his",
"sister",
"margaret",
"(",
"b",
".",
"148",
"##9",
")",
"and",
"his",
"brother",
"henry",
"(",
"b",
".",
"149",
"##1",
")",
",",
"with",
"whom",
"he",
"shared",
"a",
"nursery",
".",
"on",
"29",
"november",
"148",
"##9",
",",
"after",
"being",
"made",
"a",
"knight",
"of",
"the",
"bath",
",",
"arthur",
"was",
"appointed",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
"and",
"earl",
"of",
"chester",
",",
"and",
"was",
"invested",
"as",
"such",
"at",
"the",
"palace",
"of",
"westminster",
"on",
"27",
"february",
"149",
"##0",
".",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"his",
"invest",
"##it",
"##ure",
"ceremony",
",",
"he",
"progressed"
] | 878,670 |
a household structure at the behest of his father. over the next thirteen years, henry vii and elizabeth would have six more children, of whom only three – margaret, henry and mary – would reach adulthood. arthur was especially close to his sister margaret ( b. 1489 ) and his brother henry ( b. 1491 ), with whom he shared a nursery. on 29 november 1489, after being made a knight of the bath, arthur was appointed prince of wales and earl of chester, and was invested as such at the palace of westminster on 27 february 1490. as part of his investiture ceremony, he progressed
| 984 |
[
"down",
"the",
"river",
"thames",
"in",
"the",
"royal",
"barge",
"and",
"was",
"met",
"at",
"chelsea",
"by",
"the",
"lord",
"mayor",
"of",
"london",
",",
"john",
"mathew",
"##e",
",",
"and",
"at",
"lamb",
"##eth",
"by",
"spanish",
"ambassadors",
".",
"on",
"8",
"may",
"149",
"##1",
",",
"he",
"was",
"made",
"a",
"knight",
"of",
"the",
"ga",
"##rter",
"at",
"saint",
"george",
"'",
"s",
"chapel",
"at",
"windsor",
"palace",
".",
"it",
"was",
"around",
"this",
"time",
"that",
"arthur",
"began",
"his",
"formal",
"education",
"under",
"john",
"red",
"##e",
",",
"a",
"former",
"headmaster",
"of",
"winchester",
"college",
".",
"his",
"education",
"was",
"subsequently",
"taken",
"over",
"by",
"bernard",
"andre",
",",
"a",
"blind",
"poet",
",",
"and",
"then",
"by",
"thomas",
"lina",
"##cre",
",",
"formerly",
"henry",
"vii",
"'",
"s",
"physician",
".",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"education",
"covered",
"grammar",
",",
"poetry",
",",
"rhetoric",
"and",
"ethics",
"and",
"focused",
"on",
"history",
".",
"arthur",
"was",
"a"
] | 878,671 |
down the river thames in the royal barge and was met at chelsea by the lord mayor of london, john mathewe, and at lambeth by spanish ambassadors. on 8 may 1491, he was made a knight of the garter at saint george's chapel at windsor palace. it was around this time that arthur began his formal education under john rede, a former headmaster of winchester college. his education was subsequently taken over by bernard andre, a blind poet, and then by thomas linacre, formerly henry vii's physician. arthur's education covered grammar, poetry, rhetoric and ethics and focused on history. arthur was a
| 932 |
[
"very",
"skilled",
"pupil",
"and",
"andre",
"wrote",
"that",
"the",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
"had",
"either",
"memo",
"##rise",
"##d",
"or",
"read",
"a",
"selection",
"of",
"homer",
",",
"virgil",
",",
"o",
"##vid",
",",
"terence",
",",
"a",
"good",
"deal",
"of",
"cicero",
"and",
"a",
"wide",
"span",
"of",
"historical",
"works",
",",
"including",
"those",
"of",
"th",
"##uc",
"##yd",
"##ides",
",",
"caesar",
",",
"liv",
"##y",
"and",
"ta",
"##cit",
"##us",
".",
"arthur",
"was",
"also",
"a",
"\"",
"superb",
"archer",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"had",
"learned",
"to",
"dance",
"\"",
"right",
"pleasant",
"and",
"honour",
"##ably",
"\"",
"by",
"150",
"##1",
".",
"{",
"{",
"sf",
"##n",
"|",
"gunn",
"|",
"mon",
"##ck",
"##ton",
"|",
"2009",
"|",
"p",
"=",
"9",
"}",
"00",
"}",
"=",
"=",
"childhood",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"popular",
"belief",
"that",
"arthur",
"was",
"sick",
"##ly",
"during",
"his",
"lifetime",
"stems",
"from",
"a",
"victorian",
"misunderstanding",
"of",
"a",
"letter"
] | 878,672 |
very skilled pupil and andre wrote that the prince of wales had either memorised or read a selection of homer, virgil, ovid, terence, a good deal of cicero and a wide span of historical works, including those of thucydides, caesar, livy and tacitus. arthur was also a " superb archer ", and had learned to dance " right pleasant and honourably " by 1501. { { sfn | gunn | monckton | 2009 | p = 9 } 00 } = = childhood = = the popular belief that arthur was sickly during his lifetime stems from a victorian misunderstanding of a letter
| 2,205 |
[
"from",
"150",
"##2",
";",
"on",
"the",
"contrary",
",",
"there",
"are",
"no",
"reports",
"of",
"arthur",
"being",
"ill",
"during",
"his",
"lifetime",
".",
"arthur",
"grew",
"up",
"to",
"be",
"unusually",
"tall",
"for",
"his",
"age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"considered",
"handsome",
"by",
"the",
"spanish",
"court",
":",
"he",
"had",
"reddish",
"hair",
",",
"small",
"eyes",
",",
"a",
"high",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bridge",
"##d",
"nose",
"and",
"resembled",
"his",
"brother",
"henry",
",",
"who",
"was",
"said",
"to",
"be",
"\"",
"extremely",
"handsome",
"\"",
"by",
"contemporaries",
".",
"as",
"described",
"by",
"historians",
"steven",
"gunn",
"and",
"linda",
"mon",
"##ck",
"##ton",
",",
"arthur",
"had",
"an",
"\"",
"ami",
"##able",
"and",
"gentle",
"\"",
"personality",
"and",
"was",
",",
"overall",
",",
"a",
"\"",
"delicate",
"lad",
"\"",
".",
"in",
"may",
"149",
"##0",
"arthur",
"was",
"created",
"warden",
"of",
"all",
"the",
"marches",
"towards",
"scotland",
"and",
"the",
"earl",
"of",
"surrey",
"was",
"appointed"
] | 878,673 |
from 1502 ; on the contrary, there are no reports of arthur being ill during his lifetime. arthur grew up to be unusually tall for his age, and was considered handsome by the spanish court : he had reddish hair, small eyes, a high @ - @ bridged nose and resembled his brother henry, who was said to be " extremely handsome " by contemporaries. as described by historians steven gunn and linda monckton, arthur had an " amiable and gentle " personality and was, overall, a " delicate lad ". in may 1490 arthur was created warden of all the marches towards scotland and the earl of surrey was appointed
| 904 |
[
"as",
"the",
"prince",
"'",
"s",
"deputy",
".",
"from",
"149",
"##1",
",",
"arthur",
"was",
"named",
"on",
"peace",
"commissions",
".",
"in",
"october",
"149",
"##2",
",",
"when",
"his",
"father",
"travelled",
"to",
"france",
",",
"he",
"was",
"named",
"keeper",
"of",
"england",
"and",
"king",
"'",
"s",
"lieutenant",
".",
"following",
"the",
"example",
"of",
"edward",
"iv",
",",
"henry",
"vii",
"set",
"up",
"the",
"council",
"of",
"wales",
"and",
"the",
"marches",
"for",
"arthur",
"in",
"wales",
",",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"enforce",
"royal",
"authority",
"there",
".",
"although",
"the",
"council",
"had",
"already",
"been",
"set",
"up",
"in",
"149",
"##0",
",",
"it",
"was",
"headed",
"by",
"jasper",
"tudor",
",",
"duke",
"of",
"bedford",
".",
"arthur",
"was",
"first",
"dispatched",
"to",
"wales",
"in",
"150",
"##1",
",",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"fifteen",
".",
"in",
"march",
"149",
"##3",
",",
"arthur",
"was",
"granted",
"the",
"power",
"to",
"appoint",
"justices",
"of",
"o",
"##yer"
] | 878,674 |
as the prince's deputy. from 1491, arthur was named on peace commissions. in october 1492, when his father travelled to france, he was named keeper of england and king's lieutenant. following the example of edward iv, henry vii set up the council of wales and the marches for arthur in wales, in order to enforce royal authority there. although the council had already been set up in 1490, it was headed by jasper tudor, duke of bedford. arthur was first dispatched to wales in 1501, at the age of fifteen. in march 1493, arthur was granted the power to appoint justices of oyer
| 986 |
[
"and",
"term",
"##iner",
"and",
"in",
"##qui",
"##re",
"into",
"franchises",
",",
"thus",
"strengthening",
"the",
"council",
"'",
"s",
"authority",
".",
"in",
"november",
"of",
"that",
"year",
",",
"the",
"prince",
"also",
"received",
"an",
"extensive",
"land",
"grant",
"in",
"wales",
",",
"including",
"the",
"county",
"of",
"march",
".",
"arthur",
"was",
"served",
"by",
"sons",
"of",
"english",
",",
"irish",
"and",
"welsh",
"nobility",
",",
"such",
"as",
"gear",
"##oid",
"og",
"fitzgerald",
",",
"9th",
"earl",
"of",
"kildare",
",",
"who",
"had",
"been",
"brought",
"to",
"the",
"english",
"court",
"as",
"a",
"consequence",
"of",
"the",
"involvement",
"of",
"his",
"father",
",",
"gerald",
"fitzgerald",
",",
"8th",
"earl",
"of",
"kildare",
",",
"in",
"the",
"crown",
"##ing",
"of",
"pretend",
"##er",
"lambert",
"sim",
"##nel",
"in",
"ireland",
"during",
"henry",
"vii",
"'",
"s",
"reign",
".",
"other",
"servants",
"were",
"anthony",
"willoughby",
",",
"a",
"son",
"of",
"robert",
"willoughby",
",",
"1st",
"baron",
"willoughby",
"de",
"broke"
] | 878,675 |
and terminer and inquire into franchises, thus strengthening the council's authority. in november of that year, the prince also received an extensive land grant in wales, including the county of march. arthur was served by sons of english, irish and welsh nobility, such as gearoid og fitzgerald, 9th earl of kildare, who had been brought to the english court as a consequence of the involvement of his father, gerald fitzgerald, 8th earl of kildare, in the crowning of pretender lambert simnel in ireland during henry vii's reign. other servants were anthony willoughby, a son of robert willoughby, 1st baron willoughby de broke
| 937 |
[
",",
"robert",
"radcliffe",
",",
"the",
"heir",
"of",
"the",
"9th",
"baron",
"fitz",
"##wal",
"##ter",
"and",
"maurice",
"st",
"john",
",",
"a",
"favourite",
"nephew",
"of",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"grandmother",
"lady",
"margaret",
"beaufort",
".",
"he",
"was",
"brought",
"up",
"with",
"gruff",
"##yd",
"##d",
"ap",
"rhys",
"ap",
"thomas",
",",
"the",
"son",
"of",
"powerful",
"welsh",
"nobleman",
"thomas",
"ap",
"rhys",
",",
"gruff",
"##yd",
"##d",
"grew",
"quite",
"close",
"to",
"arthur",
"and",
"was",
"buried",
"in",
"worcester",
"cathedral",
"upon",
"his",
"death",
"in",
"152",
"##1",
",",
"alongside",
"the",
"prince",
"'",
"s",
"tomb",
".",
"henry",
"vii",
"planned",
"to",
"marry",
"arthur",
"to",
"a",
"daughter",
"of",
"the",
"catholic",
"monarchs",
",",
"isabella",
"i",
"of",
"castile",
"and",
"ferdinand",
"ii",
"of",
"aragon",
",",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"forge",
"an",
"anglo",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"spanish",
"alliance",
"against",
"france",
".",
"it",
"was",
"suggested",
"that",
"the",
"choice",
"of",
"marrying",
"arthur"
] | 878,676 |
, robert radcliffe, the heir of the 9th baron fitzwalter and maurice st john, a favourite nephew of arthur's grandmother lady margaret beaufort. he was brought up with gruffydd ap rhys ap thomas, the son of powerful welsh nobleman thomas ap rhys, gruffydd grew quite close to arthur and was buried in worcester cathedral upon his death in 1521, alongside the prince's tomb. henry vii planned to marry arthur to a daughter of the catholic monarchs, isabella i of castile and ferdinand ii of aragon, in order to forge an anglo @ - @ spanish alliance against france. it was suggested that the choice of marrying arthur
| 957 |
[
"to",
"ferdinand",
"and",
"isabella",
"'",
"s",
"youngest",
"daughter",
",",
"catherine",
"(",
"b",
".",
"148",
"##5",
")",
",",
"would",
"be",
"appropriate",
".",
"the",
"treaty",
"of",
"medina",
"del",
"campo",
"(",
"27",
"march",
"148",
"##9",
")",
"provided",
"that",
"arthur",
"and",
"catherine",
"would",
"be",
"married",
"as",
"soon",
"as",
"they",
"reached",
"canonical",
"age",
";",
"it",
"also",
"settled",
"catherine",
"'",
"s",
"dowry",
"at",
"200",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"crowns",
"(",
"the",
"equivalent",
"of",
"£",
"5",
"million",
"in",
"2007",
")",
".",
"since",
"arthur",
",",
"not",
"yet",
"14",
",",
"was",
"below",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"consent",
",",
"a",
"papal",
"di",
"##sp",
"##ens",
"##ation",
"(",
"i",
".",
"e",
".",
",",
"wai",
"##ver",
")",
"allowing",
"the",
"marriage",
"was",
"issued",
"in",
"february",
"149",
"##7",
",",
"and",
"the",
"pair",
"were",
"bet",
"##rot",
"##hed",
"by",
"proxy",
"on",
"25",
"august",
"149",
"##7",
"."
] | 878,677 |
to ferdinand and isabella's youngest daughter, catherine ( b. 1485 ), would be appropriate. the treaty of medina del campo ( 27 march 1489 ) provided that arthur and catherine would be married as soon as they reached canonical age ; it also settled catherine's dowry at 200 @, @ 000 crowns ( the equivalent of £ 5 million in 2007 ). since arthur, not yet 14, was below the age of consent, a papal dispensation ( i. e., waiver ) allowing the marriage was issued in february 1497, and the pair were betrothed by proxy on 25 august 1497.
| 905 |
[
"two",
"years",
"later",
",",
"a",
"marriage",
"by",
"proxy",
"took",
"place",
"at",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"tick",
"##en",
"##hill",
"manor",
"in",
"be",
"##wd",
"##ley",
",",
"near",
"worcester",
";",
"arthur",
"said",
"to",
"rode",
"##ri",
"##go",
"de",
"puebla",
",",
"who",
"had",
"acted",
"as",
"proxy",
"for",
"catherine",
",",
"that",
"\"",
"he",
"much",
"re",
"##jo",
"##ice",
"##d",
"to",
"contract",
"the",
"marriage",
"because",
"of",
"his",
"deep",
"and",
"sincere",
"love",
"for",
"the",
"princess",
"\"",
".",
"in",
"a",
"letter",
"from",
"october",
"149",
"##9",
",",
"arthur",
",",
"referring",
"to",
"catherine",
"as",
"\"",
"my",
"dear",
"##est",
"spouse",
"\"",
",",
"had",
"written",
":",
"\"",
"i",
"cannot",
"tell",
"you",
"what",
"an",
"earnest",
"desire",
"i",
"feel",
"to",
"see",
"your",
"highness",
",",
"and",
"how",
"ve",
"##xa",
"##tious",
"to",
"me",
"is",
"this",
"pro",
"##cr",
"##ast",
"##ination",
"about",
"your",
"coming",
".",
"let",
"[",
"it",
"]"
] | 878,678 |
two years later, a marriage by proxy took place at arthur's tickenhill manor in bewdley, near worcester ; arthur said to roderigo de puebla, who had acted as proxy for catherine, that " he much rejoiced to contract the marriage because of his deep and sincere love for the princess ". in a letter from october 1499, arthur, referring to catherine as " my dearest spouse ", had written : " i cannot tell you what an earnest desire i feel to see your highness, and how vexatious to me is this procrastination about your coming. let [ it ]
| 2,412 |
[
"be",
"haste",
"##ned",
",",
"[",
"that",
"]",
"the",
"love",
"conceived",
"between",
"us",
"and",
"the",
"wished",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"for",
"joy",
"##s",
"may",
"re",
"##ap",
"their",
"proper",
"fruit",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"young",
"couple",
"exchanged",
"letters",
"in",
"latin",
"until",
"20",
"september",
"150",
"##1",
",",
"when",
"arthur",
",",
"having",
"attained",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"15",
",",
"was",
"deemed",
"old",
"enough",
"to",
"be",
"married",
".",
"catherine",
"landed",
"in",
"england",
"about",
"two",
"weeks",
"later",
",",
"on",
"2",
"october",
"150",
"##1",
",",
"at",
"plymouth",
".",
"the",
"next",
"month",
",",
"on",
"4",
"november",
"150",
"##1",
",",
"the",
"couple",
"met",
"each",
"other",
"for",
"the",
"first",
"time",
"at",
"dog",
"##mers",
"##field",
"in",
"hampshire",
".",
"arthur",
"wrote",
"to",
"catherine",
"'",
"s",
"parents",
"that",
"he",
"would",
"be",
"\"",
"a",
"true",
"and",
"loving",
"husband",
"\"",
";",
"the",
"couple",
"soon",
"discovered",
"that"
] | 878,679 |
be hastened, [ that ] the love conceived between us and the wished @ - @ for joys may reap their proper fruit. " the young couple exchanged letters in latin until 20 september 1501, when arthur, having attained the age of 15, was deemed old enough to be married. catherine landed in england about two weeks later, on 2 october 1501, at plymouth. the next month, on 4 november 1501, the couple met each other for the first time at dogmersfield in hampshire. arthur wrote to catherine's parents that he would be " a true and loving husband " ; the couple soon discovered that
| 2,408 |
[
"they",
"had",
"mastered",
"different",
"pronunciation",
"##s",
"of",
"latin",
"and",
"so",
"were",
"unable",
"to",
"communicate",
".",
"five",
"days",
"later",
",",
"on",
"9",
"november",
"150",
"##1",
",",
"catherine",
"arrived",
"in",
"london",
".",
"on",
"14",
"november",
"150",
"##1",
",",
"the",
"marriage",
"ceremony",
"finally",
"took",
"place",
"at",
"saint",
"paul",
"'",
"s",
"cathedral",
";",
"both",
"arthur",
"and",
"catherine",
"wore",
"white",
"satin",
".",
"the",
"ceremony",
"was",
"conducted",
"by",
"henry",
"dean",
"##e",
",",
"archbishop",
"of",
"canterbury",
",",
"who",
"was",
"assisted",
"by",
"william",
"war",
"##ham",
",",
"bishop",
"of",
"london",
".",
"following",
"the",
"ceremony",
",",
"arthur",
"and",
"catherine",
"left",
"the",
"cathedral",
"and",
"headed",
"for",
"bay",
"##nard",
"'",
"s",
"castle",
",",
"where",
"they",
"were",
"entertained",
"by",
"\"",
"the",
"best",
"voiced",
"children",
"of",
"the",
"king",
"'",
"s",
"chapel",
",",
"who",
"sang",
"right",
"sweetly",
"with",
"qu",
"##aint",
"harmony",
"\"",
"."
] | 878,680 |
they had mastered different pronunciations of latin and so were unable to communicate. five days later, on 9 november 1501, catherine arrived in london. on 14 november 1501, the marriage ceremony finally took place at saint paul's cathedral ; both arthur and catherine wore white satin. the ceremony was conducted by henry deane, archbishop of canterbury, who was assisted by william warham, bishop of london. following the ceremony, arthur and catherine left the cathedral and headed for baynard's castle, where they were entertained by " the best voiced children of the king's chapel, who sang right sweetly with quaint harmony ".
| 997 |
[
"what",
"followed",
"was",
"a",
"ceremony",
"laid",
"down",
"by",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"grandmother",
"lady",
"margaret",
"beaufort",
":",
"the",
"bed",
"was",
"sp",
"##rin",
"##kled",
"with",
"holy",
"water",
",",
"after",
"which",
"catherine",
"was",
"led",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"wedding",
"feast",
"by",
"her",
"ladies",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"in",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"waiting",
".",
"she",
"was",
"und",
"##ressed",
",",
"veil",
"##ed",
"and",
"\"",
"rev",
"##ere",
"##ntly",
"\"",
"laid",
"in",
"bed",
",",
"while",
"arthur",
",",
"\"",
"in",
"his",
"shirt",
",",
"with",
"a",
"gown",
"cast",
"about",
"him",
"\"",
",",
"was",
"escorted",
"by",
"his",
"gentlemen",
"into",
"the",
"bed",
"##cha",
"##mber",
",",
"while",
"vi",
"##ols",
"and",
"tab",
"##ors",
"played",
".",
"the",
"bishop",
"of",
"london",
"blessed",
"the",
"bed",
"and",
"prayed",
"for",
"the",
"marriage",
"to",
"be",
"fruit",
"##ful",
",",
"after",
"which",
"the",
"couple",
"were",
"left",
"alone",
".",
"this",
"is",
"the"
] | 878,681 |
what followed was a ceremony laid down by arthur's grandmother lady margaret beaufort : the bed was sprinkled with holy water, after which catherine was led away from the wedding feast by her ladies @ - @ in @ - @ waiting. she was undressed, veiled and " reverently " laid in bed, while arthur, " in his shirt, with a gown cast about him ", was escorted by his gentlemen into the bedchamber, while viols and tabors played. the bishop of london blessed the bed and prayed for the marriage to be fruitful, after which the couple were left alone. this is the
| 2,411 |
[
"only",
"public",
"bed",
"##ding",
"of",
"a",
"royal",
"couple",
"recorded",
"in",
"britain",
"in",
"the",
"16th",
"century",
".",
"after",
"residing",
"at",
"tick",
"##en",
"##hill",
"manor",
"for",
"a",
"month",
",",
"arthur",
"and",
"catherine",
"headed",
"for",
"the",
"marches",
"in",
"wales",
",",
"where",
"they",
"established",
"their",
"household",
"at",
"lu",
"##dlow",
"castle",
".",
"arthur",
"had",
"been",
"growing",
"weaker",
"since",
"his",
"wedding",
",",
"and",
"although",
"catherine",
"was",
"reluctant",
"to",
"follow",
"him",
",",
"she",
"was",
"ordered",
"by",
"henry",
"vii",
"to",
"join",
"her",
"husband",
".",
"arthur",
"found",
"it",
"easy",
"to",
"govern",
"wales",
",",
"as",
"the",
"border",
"had",
"become",
"quiet",
"after",
"many",
"centuries",
"of",
"warfare",
".",
"in",
"march",
"150",
"##2",
",",
"arthur",
"and",
"catherine",
"were",
"af",
"##flict",
"##ed",
"by",
"an",
"unknown",
"illness",
",",
"\"",
"a",
"mali",
"##gn",
"va",
"##pour",
"which",
"proceeded",
"from",
"the",
"air",
"\"",
".",
"while",
"catherine"
] | 878,682 |
only public bedding of a royal couple recorded in britain in the 16th century. after residing at tickenhill manor for a month, arthur and catherine headed for the marches in wales, where they established their household at ludlow castle. arthur had been growing weaker since his wedding, and although catherine was reluctant to follow him, she was ordered by henry vii to join her husband. arthur found it easy to govern wales, as the border had become quiet after many centuries of warfare. in march 1502, arthur and catherine were afflicted by an unknown illness, " a malign vapour which proceeded from the air ". while catherine
| 927 |
[
"recovered",
",",
"arthur",
"died",
"on",
"2",
"april",
"150",
"##2",
"at",
"lu",
"##dlow",
",",
"six",
"months",
"short",
"of",
"his",
"sixteenth",
"birthday",
".",
"news",
"of",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"death",
"reached",
"henry",
"vii",
"'",
"s",
"court",
"late",
"on",
"4",
"april",
".",
"the",
"king",
"was",
"awoke",
"##n",
"from",
"his",
"sleep",
"by",
"his",
"confess",
"##or",
",",
"who",
"quoted",
"job",
"by",
"asking",
"henry",
"\"",
"if",
"we",
"receive",
"good",
"things",
"at",
"the",
"hands",
"of",
"god",
",",
"why",
"may",
"we",
"not",
"endure",
"evil",
"things",
"?",
"\"",
"he",
"then",
"told",
"the",
"king",
"that",
"\"",
"[",
"his",
"]",
"dear",
"##est",
"son",
"hat",
"##h",
"departed",
"to",
"god",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"henry",
"burst",
"into",
"tears",
".",
"\"",
"grief",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"stricken",
"and",
"emotional",
"\"",
",",
"he",
"then",
"had",
"his",
"wife",
"brought",
"into",
"his",
"chambers",
",",
"so",
"that",
"they",
"might"
] | 878,683 |
recovered, arthur died on 2 april 1502 at ludlow, six months short of his sixteenth birthday. news of arthur's death reached henry vii's court late on 4 april. the king was awoken from his sleep by his confessor, who quoted job by asking henry " if we receive good things at the hands of god, why may we not endure evil things? " he then told the king that " [ his ] dearest son hath departed to god ", and henry burst into tears. " grief @ - @ stricken and emotional ", he then had his wife brought into his chambers, so that they might
| 2,627 |
[
"\"",
"take",
"the",
"painful",
"news",
"together",
"\"",
";",
"elizabeth",
"reminded",
"henry",
"that",
"god",
"had",
"helped",
"him",
"become",
"king",
"and",
"\"",
"had",
"ever",
"preserved",
"him",
"\"",
",",
"adding",
"that",
"they",
"had",
"been",
"left",
"with",
"\"",
"yet",
"a",
"fair",
"prince",
"and",
"two",
"fair",
"princess",
"##es",
"and",
"that",
"god",
"is",
"where",
"he",
"was",
",",
"and",
"[",
"they",
"were",
"]",
"both",
"young",
"enough",
"\"",
".",
"soon",
"after",
"leaving",
"henry",
"'",
"s",
"bed",
"##cha",
"##mber",
",",
"elizabeth",
"collapsed",
"and",
"began",
"to",
"cry",
",",
"while",
"the",
"ladies",
"sent",
"for",
"the",
"king",
",",
"who",
"hurriedly",
"came",
"and",
"\"",
"relieved",
"her",
"\"",
".",
"on",
"8",
"april",
",",
"a",
"general",
"procession",
"took",
"place",
"for",
"the",
"salvation",
"of",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"soul",
".",
"that",
"night",
",",
"a",
"dir",
"##ge",
"was",
"sung",
"in",
"st",
"paul",
"'",
"s",
"cathedral",
"and"
] | 878,684 |
" take the painful news together " ; elizabeth reminded henry that god had helped him become king and " had ever preserved him ", adding that they had been left with " yet a fair prince and two fair princesses and that god is where he was, and [ they were ] both young enough ". soon after leaving henry's bedchamber, elizabeth collapsed and began to cry, while the ladies sent for the king, who hurriedly came and " relieved her ". on 8 april, a general procession took place for the salvation of arthur's soul. that night, a dirge was sung in st paul's cathedral and
| 2,627 |
[
"every",
"parish",
"church",
"in",
"london",
".",
"on",
"23",
"april",
",",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"body",
",",
"which",
"had",
"previously",
"been",
"em",
"##bal",
"##med",
",",
"sp",
"##rin",
"##kled",
"with",
"holy",
"water",
"and",
"sheltered",
"with",
"a",
"canopy",
",",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"of",
"lu",
"##dlow",
"castle",
"and",
"into",
"the",
"parish",
"church",
"of",
"lu",
"##dlow",
"by",
"various",
"noble",
"##men",
"and",
"gentlemen",
".",
"on",
"25",
"april",
",",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"body",
"was",
"taken",
"to",
"worcester",
"cathedral",
"via",
"the",
"river",
"severn",
",",
"in",
"a",
"\"",
"special",
"wagon",
"up",
"##hol",
"##stered",
"in",
"black",
"and",
"drawn",
"by",
"six",
"horses",
",",
"also",
"cap",
"##aris",
"##oned",
"in",
"black",
"\"",
".",
"as",
"was",
"customary",
",",
"catherine",
"did",
"not",
"attend",
"the",
"funeral",
".",
"the",
"earl",
"of",
"surrey",
"acted",
"as",
"chief",
"mo",
"##urne",
"##r",
".",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"ceremony",
","
] | 878,685 |
every parish church in london. on 23 april, arthur's body, which had previously been embalmed, sprinkled with holy water and sheltered with a canopy, was carried out of ludlow castle and into the parish church of ludlow by various noblemen and gentlemen. on 25 april, arthur's body was taken to worcester cathedral via the river severn, in a " special wagon upholstered in black and drawn by six horses, also caparisoned in black ". as was customary, catherine did not attend the funeral. the earl of surrey acted as chief mourner. at the end of the ceremony,
| 997 |
[
"sir",
"william",
"uv",
"##eda",
"##le",
",",
"sir",
"richard",
"croft",
"and",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"household",
"usher",
"##s",
"broke",
"their",
"st",
"##aves",
"of",
"office",
"and",
"threw",
"them",
"into",
"the",
"prince",
"'",
"s",
"grave",
".",
"during",
"the",
"funeral",
",",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"own",
"arms",
"were",
"shown",
"alongside",
"those",
"of",
"cad",
"##wala",
"##dr",
"ap",
"gruff",
"##yd",
"##d",
"and",
"br",
"##utus",
"of",
"troy",
".",
"two",
"years",
"later",
",",
"a",
"chant",
"##ry",
"was",
"erected",
"over",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"grave",
".",
"shortly",
"after",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"death",
",",
"the",
"idea",
"of",
"bet",
"##rot",
"##hing",
"the",
"now",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"widowed",
"catherine",
"to",
"the",
"new",
"heir",
",",
"henry",
",",
"had",
"arise",
"##n",
";",
"both",
"the",
"king",
"and",
"isabella",
"were",
"keen",
"on",
"moving",
"forward",
"with",
"the",
"bet",
"##rot",
"##hal",
",",
"and",
"the",
"pope",
"granted",
"a",
"di",
"##sp"
] | 878,686 |
sir william uvedale, sir richard croft and arthur's household ushers broke their staves of office and threw them into the prince's grave. during the funeral, arthur's own arms were shown alongside those of cadwaladr ap gruffydd and brutus of troy. two years later, a chantry was erected over arthur's grave. shortly after arthur's death, the idea of betrothing the now @ - @ widowed catherine to the new heir, henry, had arisen ; both the king and isabella were keen on moving forward with the betrothal, and the pope granted a disp
| 957 |
[
"##ens",
"##ation",
"towards",
"that",
"end",
".",
"after",
"originally",
"rejecting",
"the",
"idea",
",",
"henry",
"announced",
",",
"after",
"his",
"succession",
"on",
"22",
"april",
"150",
"##9",
",",
"that",
"he",
"would",
"marry",
"catherine",
".",
"the",
"wedding",
"took",
"place",
"on",
"11",
"june",
".",
"catherine",
"bore",
"henry",
"six",
"children",
":",
"three",
"sons",
"died",
"before",
"reaching",
"three",
"months",
"of",
"age",
",",
"a",
"daughter",
"was",
"still",
"##born",
"and",
"another",
"lived",
"for",
"only",
"a",
"week",
".",
"the",
"couple",
"'",
"s",
"only",
"surviving",
"child",
"was",
"mary",
"i",
"(",
"b",
".",
"151",
"##6",
")",
".",
"in",
"152",
"##6",
",",
"after",
"eighteen",
"years",
"of",
"marriage",
",",
"henry",
"started",
"to",
"pursue",
"the",
"affection",
"##s",
"of",
"anne",
"bo",
"##ley",
"##n",
",",
"the",
"sister",
"of",
"his",
"former",
"mistress",
",",
"mary",
"bo",
"##ley",
"##n",
".",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
",",
"he",
"became",
"troubled",
"by"
] | 878,687 |
##ensation towards that end. after originally rejecting the idea, henry announced, after his succession on 22 april 1509, that he would marry catherine. the wedding took place on 11 june. catherine bore henry six children : three sons died before reaching three months of age, a daughter was stillborn and another lived for only a week. the couple's only surviving child was mary i ( b. 1516 ). in 1526, after eighteen years of marriage, henry started to pursue the affections of anne boleyn, the sister of his former mistress, mary boleyn. at the same time, he became troubled by
| 2,414 |
[
"what",
"became",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"king",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"great",
"matter",
"\"",
",",
"that",
"is",
",",
"finding",
"an",
"appropriate",
"solution",
"for",
"his",
"lack",
"of",
"male",
"descendants",
".",
"he",
"found",
"several",
"possible",
"options",
".",
"he",
"could",
"have",
"attempted",
"to",
"leg",
"##iti",
"##mise",
"his",
"illegitimate",
"son",
"henry",
"fitzroy",
",",
"but",
"this",
"would",
"not",
"be",
"easy",
"and",
"would",
"require",
"the",
"pope",
"'",
"s",
"intervention",
".",
"he",
"could",
"have",
"married",
"his",
"daughter",
"mary",
"off",
"and",
"hoped",
"for",
"a",
"grandson",
";",
"this",
"was",
"not",
"seen",
"as",
"a",
"real",
"option",
",",
"because",
"mary",
"was",
"a",
"sick",
"##ly",
"child",
"and",
"was",
"unlikely",
"to",
"con",
"##ce",
"##ive",
"before",
"henry",
"'",
"s",
"death",
".",
"finally",
",",
"he",
"could",
"somehow",
"reject",
"catherine",
"and",
"marry",
"a",
"bride",
"more",
"likely",
"to",
"bear",
"children",
".",
"probably",
"seeing",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"marrying"
] | 878,688 |
what became known as the king's " great matter ", that is, finding an appropriate solution for his lack of male descendants. he found several possible options. he could have attempted to legitimise his illegitimate son henry fitzroy, but this would not be easy and would require the pope's intervention. he could have married his daughter mary off and hoped for a grandson ; this was not seen as a real option, because mary was a sickly child and was unlikely to conceive before henry's death. finally, he could somehow reject catherine and marry a bride more likely to bear children. probably seeing the possibility of marrying
| 2,407 |
[
"anne",
",",
"the",
"third",
"was",
"ultimately",
"the",
"most",
"viable",
"option",
"to",
"henry",
",",
"and",
"it",
"soon",
"became",
"the",
"king",
"'",
"s",
"wish",
"to",
"dissolve",
"his",
"marriage",
".",
"henry",
"believed",
"that",
"his",
"marriage",
"was",
"cursed",
"and",
"found",
"confirmation",
"in",
"the",
"bible",
",",
"in",
"levi",
"##ticus",
"20",
":",
"21",
".",
"although",
"in",
"the",
"morning",
"following",
"his",
"wedding",
",",
"arthur",
"had",
"claimed",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"thirsty",
"\"",
"for",
"i",
"have",
"been",
"in",
"the",
"midst",
"of",
"spain",
"last",
"night",
"\"",
"and",
"that",
"\"",
"having",
"a",
"wife",
"is",
"a",
"good",
"past",
"##ime",
"\"",
",",
"these",
"claims",
"are",
"generally",
"dismissed",
"by",
"modern",
"historians",
"as",
"mere",
"boasts",
"of",
"a",
"boy",
"who",
"did",
"not",
"want",
"others",
"to",
"know",
"of",
"his",
"failure",
",",
"and",
"catherine",
"maintained",
"the",
"claim",
"that",
"she",
"had",
"married",
"henry",
"while",
"still",
"a",
"virgin"
] | 878,689 |
anne, the third was ultimately the most viable option to henry, and it soon became the king's wish to dissolve his marriage. henry believed that his marriage was cursed and found confirmation in the bible, in leviticus 20 : 21. although in the morning following his wedding, arthur had claimed that he was thirsty " for i have been in the midst of spain last night " and that " having a wife is a good pastime ", these claims are generally dismissed by modern historians as mere boasts of a boy who did not want others to know of his failure, and catherine maintained the claim that she had married henry while still a virgin
| 2,586 |
[
"until",
"the",
"day",
"she",
"died",
".",
"after",
"henry",
"'",
"s",
"constant",
"support",
"of",
"the",
"claim",
"that",
"catherine",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"marriage",
"had",
"been",
"con",
"##sum",
"##mate",
"##d",
",",
"an",
"ann",
"##ul",
"##ment",
"was",
"issued",
"on",
"23",
"april",
"153",
"##3",
",",
"while",
"the",
"king",
"had",
"already",
"married",
"anne",
"on",
"25",
"january",
".",
"anne",
"was",
"beheaded",
"for",
"high",
"treason",
"in",
"153",
"##6",
",",
"after",
"which",
"henry",
"proceeded",
"to",
"marry",
"four",
"more",
"times",
".",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"his",
"death",
"in",
"154",
"##7",
",",
"henry",
"only",
"had",
"three",
"living",
"children",
";",
"his",
"only",
"son",
",",
"edward",
"vi",
"succeeded",
"but",
"died",
"six",
"years",
"later",
".",
"his",
"successors",
"were",
"henry",
"'",
"s",
"daughters",
"by",
"catherine",
"and",
"anne",
",",
"mary",
"i",
"and",
"elizabeth",
"i",
".",
"upon",
"elizabeth",
"'",
"s",
"death",
"in",
"1603",
",",
"the"
] | 878,690 |
until the day she died. after henry's constant support of the claim that catherine's first marriage had been consummated, an annulment was issued on 23 april 1533, while the king had already married anne on 25 january. anne was beheaded for high treason in 1536, after which henry proceeded to marry four more times. at the time of his death in 1547, henry only had three living children ; his only son, edward vi succeeded but died six years later. his successors were henry's daughters by catherine and anne, mary i and elizabeth i. upon elizabeth's death in 1603, the
| 992 |
[
"male",
"line",
"of",
"the",
"house",
"of",
"tudor",
"came",
"to",
"an",
"end",
".",
"in",
"2002",
",",
"following",
"the",
"initiative",
"of",
"canon",
"ian",
"mackenzie",
",",
"arthur",
"'",
"s",
"funeral",
"was",
"re",
"##ena",
"##cted",
"with",
"a",
"requiem",
"mass",
"at",
"worcester",
"cathedral",
",",
"on",
"occasion",
"of",
"the",
"qui",
"##nce",
"##nte",
"##nary",
"of",
"his",
"death",
".",
"despite",
"his",
"role",
"in",
"english",
"history",
",",
"arthur",
"has",
"remained",
"largely",
"forgotten",
"since",
"his",
"death",
".",
"=",
"=",
"popular",
"culture",
"=",
"=",
"arthur",
"has",
"been",
"featured",
"in",
"several",
"historical",
"fiction",
"novels",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"king",
"'",
"s",
"pleasure",
",",
"by",
"nora",
"##h",
"loft",
"##s",
"and",
"katherine",
",",
"the",
"virgin",
"widow",
",",
"by",
"jean",
"plaid",
"##y",
".",
"in",
"the",
"constant",
"princess",
",",
"by",
"philipp",
"##a",
"gregory",
",",
"catherine",
"promises",
"arthur",
"to",
"marry",
"his",
"brother",
",",
"thus",
"fulfilling"
] | 878,691 |
male line of the house of tudor came to an end. in 2002, following the initiative of canon ian mackenzie, arthur's funeral was reenacted with a requiem mass at worcester cathedral, on occasion of the quincentenary of his death. despite his role in english history, arthur has remained largely forgotten since his death. = = popular culture = = arthur has been featured in several historical fiction novels, such as the king's pleasure, by norah lofts and katherine, the virgin widow, by jean plaidy. in the constant princess, by philippa gregory, catherine promises arthur to marry his brother, thus fulfilling
| 2,660 |
[
"not",
"only",
"her",
"own",
"destiny",
"of",
"becoming",
"queen",
"of",
"england",
",",
"but",
"also",
"the",
"couple",
"'",
"s",
"plans",
"for",
"the",
"future",
"of",
"the",
"kingdom",
".",
"the",
"alteration",
",",
"by",
"kingsley",
"ami",
"##s",
",",
"is",
"an",
"alternate",
"history",
"novel",
"centred",
"on",
"the",
"\"",
"war",
"of",
"the",
"english",
"succession",
"\"",
",",
"during",
"which",
"henry",
"viii",
"attempts",
"to",
"us",
"##ur",
"##p",
"the",
"throne",
"of",
"his",
"nephew",
",",
"stephen",
"ii",
",",
"arthur",
"and",
"catherine",
"'",
"s",
"son",
".",
"the",
"historical",
"drama",
"the",
"six",
"wives",
"of",
"henry",
"viii",
"was",
"broadcast",
"in",
"1970",
",",
"with",
"martin",
"rat",
"##cliffe",
"as",
"\"",
"prince",
"arthur",
"\"",
".",
"in",
"1972",
",",
"bbc",
"##2",
"aired",
"a",
"historical",
"miniseries",
"titled",
"the",
"shadow",
"of",
"the",
"tower",
",",
"with",
"\"",
"lord",
"arthur",
",",
"prince",
"of",
"wales",
"\"",
"played",
"by",
"jason",
"kemp",
"."
] | 878,692 |
not only her own destiny of becoming queen of england, but also the couple's plans for the future of the kingdom. the alteration, by kingsley amis, is an alternate history novel centred on the " war of the english succession ", during which henry viii attempts to usurp the throne of his nephew, stephen ii, arthur and catherine's son. the historical drama the six wives of henry viii was broadcast in 1970, with martin ratcliffe as " prince arthur ". in 1972, bbc2 aired a historical miniseries titled the shadow of the tower, with " lord arthur, prince of wales " played by jason kemp.
| 2,177 |
[
"=",
"=",
"ancestors",
"=",
"=",
"bed",
"##e",
"(",
"/",
"ˈ",
"##bi",
"##ː",
"##d",
"/",
"bee",
"##d",
";",
"old",
"english",
":",
"b",
"##æ",
"##da",
"or",
"bed",
"##a",
";",
"67",
"##2",
"/",
"67",
"##3",
"–",
"26",
"may",
"73",
"##5",
")",
",",
"also",
"referred",
"to",
"as",
"saint",
"bed",
"##e",
"or",
"the",
"venerable",
"bed",
"##e",
"(",
"latin",
":",
"bed",
"##a",
"ve",
"##ner",
"##abi",
"##lis",
")",
",",
"was",
"an",
"english",
"monk",
"at",
"the",
"monastery",
"of",
"saint",
"peter",
"at",
"monk",
"##wear",
"##mouth",
"and",
"its",
"companion",
"monastery",
",",
"saint",
"paul",
"'",
"s",
",",
"in",
"modern",
"jar",
"##row",
"(",
"see",
"monk",
"##wear",
"##mouth",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"jar",
"##row",
")",
",",
"tyne",
"and",
"wear",
",",
"both",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"then",
"in",
"the",
"kingdom",
"of",
"north",
"##umb",
"##ria",
".",
"he",
"is",
"well",
"known",
"as",
"an",
"author",
"and",
"scholar"
] | 878,693 |
= = ancestors = = bede ( / ˈbiːd / beed ; old english : bæda or beda ; 672 / 673 – 26 may 735 ), also referred to as saint bede or the venerable bede ( latin : beda venerabilis ), was an english monk at the monastery of saint peter at monkwearmouth and its companion monastery, saint paul's, in modern jarrow ( see monkwearmouth @ - @ jarrow ), tyne and wear, both of which were then in the kingdom of northumbria. he is well known as an author and scholar
| 952 |
[
",",
"and",
"his",
"most",
"famous",
"work",
",",
"historia",
"ec",
"##cles",
"##ias",
"##tica",
"gen",
"##tis",
"anglo",
"##rum",
"(",
"the",
"ecclesiastical",
"history",
"of",
"the",
"english",
"people",
")",
"gained",
"him",
"the",
"title",
"\"",
"the",
"father",
"of",
"english",
"history",
"\"",
".",
"in",
"1899",
",",
"bed",
"##e",
"was",
"made",
"a",
"doctor",
"of",
"the",
"church",
"by",
"pope",
"leo",
"xiii",
";",
"he",
"is",
"the",
"only",
"native",
"of",
"great",
"britain",
"to",
"achieve",
"this",
"designation",
"(",
"an",
"##sel",
"##m",
"of",
"canterbury",
",",
"also",
"a",
"doctor",
"of",
"the",
"church",
",",
"was",
"originally",
"from",
"italy",
")",
".",
"bed",
"##e",
"was",
"moreover",
"a",
"skilled",
"linguist",
"and",
"translator",
",",
"and",
"his",
"work",
"made",
"the",
"latin",
"and",
"greek",
"writings",
"of",
"the",
"early",
"church",
"fathers",
"much",
"more",
"accessible",
"to",
"his",
"fellow",
"anglo",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"saxons",
",",
"contributing",
"significantly",
"to",
"english",
"christianity",
"."
] | 878,694 |
, and his most famous work, historia ecclesiastica gentis anglorum ( the ecclesiastical history of the english people ) gained him the title " the father of english history ". in 1899, bede was made a doctor of the church by pope leo xiii ; he is the only native of great britain to achieve this designation ( anselm of canterbury, also a doctor of the church, was originally from italy ). bede was moreover a skilled linguist and translator, and his work made the latin and greek writings of the early church fathers much more accessible to his fellow anglo @ - @ saxons, contributing significantly to english christianity.
| 952 |
[
"bed",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"monastery",
"had",
"access",
"to",
"an",
"impressive",
"library",
"which",
"included",
"works",
"by",
"eu",
"##se",
"##bius",
"and",
"oro",
"##sius",
",",
"among",
"many",
"others",
".",
"almost",
"everything",
"that",
"is",
"known",
"of",
"bed",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"life",
"is",
"contained",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"chapter",
"of",
"his",
"historia",
"ec",
"##cles",
"##ias",
"##tica",
",",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"the",
"church",
"in",
"england",
".",
"it",
"was",
"completed",
"in",
"about",
"73",
"##1",
",",
"and",
"bed",
"##e",
"implies",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"then",
"in",
"his",
"fifty",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ninth",
"year",
",",
"which",
"would",
"give",
"a",
"birth",
"date",
"in",
"67",
"##2",
"or",
"67",
"##3",
".",
"a",
"minor",
"source",
"of",
"information",
"is",
"the",
"letter",
"by",
"his",
"disciple",
"cuthbert",
"which",
"relates",
"bed",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"death",
".",
"bed",
"##e",
",",
"in",
"the",
"historia",
",",
"gives",
"his",
"birthplace",
"as"
] | 878,695 |
bede's monastery had access to an impressive library which included works by eusebius and orosius, among many others. almost everything that is known of bede's life is contained in the last chapter of his historia ecclesiastica, a history of the church in england. it was completed in about 731, and bede implies that he was then in his fifty @ - @ ninth year, which would give a birth date in 672 or 673. a minor source of information is the letter by his disciple cuthbert which relates bede's death. bede, in the historia, gives his birthplace as
| 952 |
[
"\"",
"on",
"the",
"lands",
"of",
"this",
"monastery",
"\"",
".",
"he",
"is",
"referring",
"to",
"the",
"twinned",
"monasteries",
"of",
"monk",
"##wear",
"##mouth",
"and",
"jar",
"##row",
",",
"in",
"modern",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"day",
"sunderland",
",",
"claimed",
"as",
"his",
"birthplace",
";",
"there",
"is",
"also",
"a",
"tradition",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"born",
"at",
"monk",
"##ton",
",",
"two",
"miles",
"from",
"the",
"monastery",
"at",
"jar",
"##row",
".",
"bed",
"##e",
"says",
"nothing",
"of",
"his",
"origins",
",",
"but",
"his",
"connections",
"with",
"men",
"of",
"noble",
"ancestry",
"suggest",
"that",
"his",
"own",
"family",
"was",
"well",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"to",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"do",
".",
"bed",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"abbot",
"was",
"benedict",
"bis",
"##co",
"##p",
",",
"and",
"the",
"names",
"\"",
"bis",
"##co",
"##p",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"bed",
"##a",
"\"",
"both",
"appear",
"in",
"a",
"king",
"list",
"of",
"the",
"kings",
"of",
"lindsey",
"from"
] | 878,696 |
" on the lands of this monastery ". he is referring to the twinned monasteries of monkwearmouth and jarrow, in modern @ - @ day sunderland, claimed as his birthplace ; there is also a tradition that he was born at monkton, two miles from the monastery at jarrow. bede says nothing of his origins, but his connections with men of noble ancestry suggest that his own family was well @ - @ to @ - @ do. bede's first abbot was benedict biscop, and the names " biscop " and " beda " both appear in a king list of the kings of lindsey from
| 952 |
[
"around",
"800",
",",
"further",
"suggesting",
"that",
"bed",
"##e",
"came",
"from",
"a",
"noble",
"family",
".",
"bed",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"name",
"reflects",
"west",
"saxon",
"bi",
"##eda",
"(",
"north",
"##umb",
"##rian",
"b",
"##æ",
"##da",
",",
"anglia",
"##n",
"bed",
"##a",
")",
".",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"anglo",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"saxon",
"short",
"name",
"formed",
"on",
"the",
"root",
"of",
"be",
"##oda",
"##n",
"\"",
"to",
"bid",
",",
"command",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"name",
"also",
"occurs",
"in",
"the",
"anglo",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"saxon",
"chronicle",
",",
"s",
".",
"a",
".",
"501",
",",
"as",
"bi",
"##eda",
",",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"sons",
"of",
"the",
"saxon",
"founder",
"of",
"portsmouth",
".",
"the",
"li",
"##ber",
"vita",
"##e",
"of",
"durham",
"cathedral",
"names",
"two",
"priests",
"with",
"this",
"name",
",",
"one",
"of",
"whom",
"is",
"presumably",
"bed",
"##e",
"himself",
".",
"some",
"manuscripts",
"of",
"the",
"life",
"of",
"cuthbert"
] | 878,697 |
around 800, further suggesting that bede came from a noble family. bede's name reflects west saxon bieda ( northumbrian bæda, anglian beda ). it is an anglo @ - @ saxon short name formed on the root of beodan " to bid, command ". the name also occurs in the anglo @ - @ saxon chronicle, s. a. 501, as bieda, one of the sons of the saxon founder of portsmouth. the liber vitae of durham cathedral names two priests with this name, one of whom is presumably bede himself. some manuscripts of the life of cuthbert
| 951 |
[
",",
"one",
"of",
"bed",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"works",
",",
"mention",
"that",
"cuthbert",
"'",
"s",
"own",
"priest",
"was",
"named",
"bed",
"##e",
";",
"it",
"is",
"possible",
"that",
"this",
"priest",
"is",
"the",
"other",
"name",
"listed",
"in",
"the",
"li",
"##ber",
"vita",
"##e",
".",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"seven",
",",
"bed",
"##e",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"monastery",
"of",
"monk",
"##wear",
"##mouth",
"by",
"his",
"family",
"to",
"be",
"educated",
"by",
"benedict",
"bis",
"##co",
"##p",
"and",
"later",
"by",
"ceo",
"##lf",
"##rith",
".",
"bed",
"##e",
"does",
"not",
"say",
"whether",
"it",
"was",
"already",
"intended",
"at",
"that",
"point",
"that",
"he",
"would",
"be",
"a",
"monk",
".",
"it",
"was",
"fairly",
"common",
"in",
"ireland",
"at",
"this",
"time",
"for",
"young",
"boys",
",",
"particularly",
"those",
"of",
"noble",
"birth",
",",
"to",
"be",
"foster",
"##ed",
"out",
";",
"the",
"practice",
"was",
"also",
"likely",
"to",
"have",
"been",
"common"
] | 878,698 |
, one of bede's works, mention that cuthbert's own priest was named bede ; it is possible that this priest is the other name listed in the liber vitae. at the age of seven, bede was sent to the monastery of monkwearmouth by his family to be educated by benedict biscop and later by ceolfrith. bede does not say whether it was already intended at that point that he would be a monk. it was fairly common in ireland at this time for young boys, particularly those of noble birth, to be fostered out ; the practice was also likely to have been common
| 952 |
[
"among",
"the",
"germanic",
"peoples",
"in",
"england",
".",
"monk",
"##wear",
"##mouth",
"'",
"s",
"sister",
"monastery",
"at",
"jar",
"##row",
"was",
"founded",
"by",
"ceo",
"##lf",
"##rith",
"in",
"68",
"##2",
",",
"and",
"bed",
"##e",
"probably",
"transferred",
"to",
"jar",
"##row",
"with",
"ceo",
"##lf",
"##rith",
"that",
"year",
".",
"the",
"dedication",
"stone",
"for",
"the",
"church",
"has",
"survived",
"to",
"the",
"present",
"day",
";",
"it",
"is",
"dated",
"23",
"april",
"68",
"##5",
",",
"and",
"as",
"bed",
"##e",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"required",
"to",
"assist",
"with",
"men",
"##ial",
"tasks",
"in",
"his",
"day",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"to",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"day",
"life",
"it",
"is",
"possible",
"that",
"he",
"helped",
"in",
"building",
"the",
"original",
"church",
".",
"in",
"68",
"##6",
",",
"plague",
"broke",
"out",
"at",
"jar",
"##row",
".",
"the",
"life",
"of",
"ceo",
"##lf",
"##rith",
",",
"written",
"in",
"about",
"710",
",",
"records",
"that",
"only",
"two"
] | 878,699 |
among the germanic peoples in england. monkwearmouth's sister monastery at jarrow was founded by ceolfrith in 682, and bede probably transferred to jarrow with ceolfrith that year. the dedication stone for the church has survived to the present day ; it is dated 23 april 685, and as bede would have been required to assist with menial tasks in his day @ - @ to @ - @ day life it is possible that he helped in building the original church. in 686, plague broke out at jarrow. the life of ceolfrith, written in about 710, records that only two
| 933 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.