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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
0
| 57 |
https://www.facebook.com/barkaysmusic/videos/on-this-day-december-10th-1967-i-lost-my-brothers-the-original-members-of-the-ba/247777760642822/
|
en
|
On this day, December 10th, 1967 I lost my brothers. The original members of the band along with Otis Redding. I remember this day like it was yesterday....
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
On this day, December 10th, 1967 I lost my brothers. The original members of the band along with Otis Redding. I remember this day like it was yesterday....
|
de
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yT/r/aGT3gskzWBf.ico
|
https://www.facebook.com/barkaysmusic/videos/on-this-day-december-10th-1967-i-lost-my-brothers-the-original-members-of-the-ba/247777760642822/
| ||||||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
2
| 58 |
https://www.kalb.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
en
|
Otis Redding III, who followed father into music, dies at 59
|
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[] |
[] |
[
"Otis Redding III",
"Otis Redding",
"Redding family",
"Dexter Redding",
"The Reddings"
] | null |
[
"Associated Press"
] |
2023-04-19T00:00:00
|
Otis Redding III and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
|
en
|
//webpubcontent.gray.tv/gray/arc-fusion-assets/images/favicons/kalb/favicon.ico?d=420
|
https://www.kalb.com
|
https://www.kalb.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
MACON, Ga. (AP) — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,’” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
|
||||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
2
| 97 |
https://kbco.iheart.com/content/2022-12-09-otis-redding-gone-55-years-ago-this-weekend/
|
en
|
Otis Redding: Gone 55 Years Ago This Weekend
|
https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/assets.getty/63933a2918ba550467aa0608?ops=gravity(%22north%22),fit(1200,675),quality(65)
|
https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/assets.getty/63933a2918ba550467aa0608?ops=gravity(%22north%22),fit(1200,675),quality(65)
|
[
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"https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/new_assets/faf40618-8c4b-4554-939b-49bce06bbcca"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"aaa",
"radio",
"rock",
"colorado",
"world",
"class",
"music",
"studio",
"advertising",
"commercials"
] | null |
[] |
2022-12-09T00:00:00
|
97.3 KBCO | Colorado's World Class Rock, Denver / Boulder
|
en
|
https://i.iheart.com/v3/re/assets.brands/5e6645cab37042e2ed7b9491?ops=gravity(%22center%22),contain(32,32),quality(65)
|
97.3 KBCO
|
https://kbco.iheart.com/content/2022-12-09-otis-redding-gone-55-years-ago-this-weekend/
|
It was 55 years ago Saturday (December 10th, 1967) that the legendary Otis Redding died in a plane crash at the age of 26. At approximately 3:30 pm that afternoon, the plane carrying Redding and his backing band, the Bar-Kays, was on its way to a concert in Madison, Wisconsin, when it crashed in the state's icy Lake Monoma. Everyone on board except trumpeter Ben Cauley of the Bar-Kays was killed.
Born in Dawson, Georgia, Redding recorded for the historic Stax label and was one of the most significant artists of the 1960's. Initially a singer in guitarist Johnny Jenkins' band, Redding scored his first solo hit with "These Arms Of Mine." He hit his stride as a solo performer in the mid-'60s with hits like "I Can't Turn You Loose," "I've Been Loving You Too Long," and "Tramp," a duet with his labelmate Carla Thomas.
Although his hits were major R&B successes, Redding didn't start to cross over to the pop charts until 1967, when Aretha Franklin scored a Number One hit with a cover of his song "Respect," and Redding backed by Booker T. & The MG's performed a legendary set at the Monterey International Pop Festival.
Three months after his death, on March 16th, 1968, "(Sittin' On) The Dock Of The Bay," which was recorded just a few days before the crash, became Redding's biggest hit, topping the singles charts for four weeks.
|
||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
2
| 78 |
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/otis-redding-iii-dead_n_6440e573e4b039ec4e7cc8ab
|
en
|
Otis Redding III, Musician Son Of Legendary 1960s Soul Singer, Dead At 59
|
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] |
[
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] |
[] |
[
"obituary",
"otis redding iii"
] | null |
[] |
2023-04-20T07:35:27+00:00
|
The singer and guitarist followed his father, who died in a plane crash, into music.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
HuffPost
|
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/otis-redding-iii-dead_n_6440e573e4b039ec4e7cc8ab
|
MACON, Ga. (AP) — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
Advertisement
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
Advertisement
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,‘” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
|
||||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
3
| 0 |
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soul-legend-otis-redding-dies-in-a-plane-crash-near-madison-wisconsin
|
en
|
Soul legend Otis Redding dies in a plane crash near Madison, Wisconsin
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Missy Sullivan"
] |
2009-11-16T09:44:00+00:00
|
When he left his final recording session in Memphis, Otis Redding intended to return soon to the song he’d been working on—he still had to replace a whistled verse thrown in as a placeholder with additional lyrics that he’d yet to write. In the meantime, however, there was a television appearance to make in Cleveland, […]
|
en
|
HISTORY
|
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soul-legend-otis-redding-dies-in-a-plane-crash-near-madison-wisconsin
|
When he left his final recording session in Memphis, Otis Redding intended to return soon to the song he’d been working on—he still had to replace a whistled verse thrown in as a placeholder with additional lyrics that he’d yet to write. In the meantime, however, there was a television appearance to make in Cleveland, followed by a concert in Madison, Wisconsin. On its final approach to Madison on December 10, 1967, however, the private plane carrying soul-music legend Otis Redding would crash into the frigid waters of a small lake three miles short of the runway, killing seven of the eight men aboard, including Redding. “Sittin’ On The Dock Of The Bay” would be released in its “unfinished” form several weeks later, with Redding’s whistled verse a seemingly indispensable part of the now-classic record. It would soon become history’s first posthumous #1 hit and the biggest pop hit of Redding’s career.
In the six months leading up to his death, Otis Redding had gone from one great success to another. In June, Aretha Franklin had taken a cover version of his song “Respect” all the way to #1 on the pop charts. Later that same month, the adulation of the young audience of rock fans at the Monterey International Pop Festival had transformed him into an icon of the blossoming counterculture thanks to his blistering, now-legendary live performance there. But if Otis Redding was only beginning to gain momentum within the largely white mainstream in 1967, he was already a giant in the world of soul music.
|
|||||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
0
| 77 |
https://keyt.com/lifestyle/2023/05/24/tina-turner-unstoppable-superstar-whose-hits-included-whats-love-got-to-do-with-it-dead-at-83/
|
en
|
Tina Turner, ‘Queen of Rock ‘n’ Roll’ whose triumphant career made her world-famous, dies at 83
|
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2023-05-24T00:00:00
|
Tina Turner, 'Queen of Rock 'n' Roll' whose triumphant career made her world-famous, dies at 83
|
en
|
News Channel 3-12
|
https://keyt.com/lifestyle/2023/05/24/tina-turner-unstoppable-superstar-whose-hits-included-whats-love-got-to-do-with-it-dead-at-83/
|
By HILLEL ITALIE
AP National Writer
NEW YORK (AP) — Tina Turner, the unstoppable singer and stage performer who teamed with husband Ike Turner for a dynamic run of hit records and live shows in the 1960s and ‘70s and survived her horrifying marriage to triumph in middle age with the chart-topping “What’s Love Got to Do With It,” has died at 83.
Turner died Wednesday, after a long illness in her home in Küsnacht near Zurich, according to her manager. She became a Swiss citizen a decade ago.
Few stars traveled so far — she was born Anna Mae Bullock in a segregated Tennessee hospital and spent her latter years on a 260,000 square foot estate on Lake Zurich — and overcame so much. Physically battered, emotionally devastated and financially ruined by her 20-year relationship with Ike Turner, she became a superstar on her own in her 40s, at a time when most of her peers were on their way down, and remained a top concert draw for years after.
“How do we say farewell to a woman who owned her pain and trauma and used it as a means to help change the world?” Angela Bassett, who played Turner in the 1993 biopic “What’s Love Got to Do With It,” said in a statement.
“Through her courage in telling her story, her commitment to stay the course in her life, no matter the sacrifice, and her determination to carve out a space in rock and roll for herself and for others who look like her, Tina Turner showed others who lived in fear what a beautiful future filled with love, compassion, and freedom should look like.
With admirers ranging from Mick Jagger to Beyoncé to Mariah Carey, the “Queen of Rock ‘n’ Roll” was one of the world’s most popular entertainers, known for a core of pop, rock and rhythm and blues favorites: “Proud Mary,” “Nutbush City Limits,” “River Deep, Mountain High,” and the hits she had in the ’80s, among them “What’s Love Got to Do with It,” “We Don’t Need Another Hero” and a cover of Al Green’s “Let’s Stay Together.”
Her trademarks included a growling contralto that might smolder or explode, her bold smile and strong cheekbones, her palette of wigs and the muscular, quick-stepping legs she did not shy from showing off. She sold more than 150 million records worldwide, won 12 Grammys, was voted along with Ike into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991 (and on her own in 2021 ) and was honored at the Kennedy Center in 2005, with Beyoncé and Oprah Winfrey among those praising her. Her life became the basis for a film, a Broadway musical and an HBO documentary in 2021 that she called her public farewell.
Until she left her husband and revealed their back story, she was known as the voracious on-stage foil of the steady-going Ike, the leading lady of the “Ike and Tina Turner Revue.” Ike was billed first and ran the show, choosing the material, the arrangements, the backing singers. They toured constantly for years, in part because Ike was often short on money and unwilling to miss a concert. Tina Turner was forced to go on with bronchitis, with pneumonia, with a collapsed right lung.
Other times, the cause of her misfortunes was Ike himself.
As she recounted in her memoir, “I, Tina,” Ike began hitting her not long after they met, in the mid-1950s, and only grew more vicious. Provoked by anything and anyone, he would throw hot coffee in her face, choke her, or beat her until her eyes were swollen shut, then rape her. Before one show, he broke her jaw and she went on stage with her mouth full of blood.
Terrified both of being with Ike and of lasting without him, she credited her emerging Buddhist faith in the mid-1970s with giving her a sense of strength and self-worth and she finally left in early July 1976. The Ike and Tina Turner Revue was scheduled to open a tour marking the country’s bicentennial when Tina snuck out of their Dallas hotel room, with just a Mobil credit card and 36 cents, while Ike slept. She hurried across a nearby highway, narrowly avoiding a speeding truck, and found another hotel.
“I looked at him (Ike) and thought, ‘You just beat me for the last time, you sucker,’” she recalled in her memoir.
Turner was among the first celebrities to speak candidly about domestic abuse, becoming a heroine to battered women and a symbol of resilience to all. Ike Turner did not deny mistreating her, although he tried to blame Tina for their troubles. When he died, in 2007, a representative for his ex-wife said simply: “Tina is aware that Ike passed away.”
Ike and Tina fans knew little of this during the couple’s prime. The Turners were a hot act for much of the 1960s and into the ’70s, evolving from bluesy ballads such as “A Fool in Love” and “It’s Going to Work Out Fine” to flashy covers of “Proud Mary” and “Come Together” and other rock songs that brought them crossover success.
They opened for the Rolling Stones in 1966 and 1969, and were seen performing a lustful version of Otis Redding’s “I’ve Been Loving You Too Long” in the 1970 Stones documentary “Gimme Shelter.” Bassett and Laurence Fishburne gave Oscar-nominated performances in “What’s Love Got to Do with It,” based on “I, Tina,” but she would say that reliving her years with Ike was so painful she couldn’t bring herself to watch the movie.
Ike and Tina’s reworking of “Proud Mary,” originally a tight, mid-tempo hit for Creedence Clearwater Revival, helped define their sexual aura. Against a background of funky guitar and Ike’s crooning baritone, Tina began with a few spoken words about how some people wanted to hear songs that were “nice and easy.”
“But there’s this one thing,” she warned, “you see, we never ever do nothing nice and easy.
“We always do it nice — and rough.”
But by the end of the 1970s, Turner’s career seemed finished. She was 40 years old, her first solo album had flopped and her live shows were mostly confined to the cabaret circuit. Desperate for work, and money, she even agreed to tour in South Africa when the country was widely boycotted because of its racist apartheid regime.
Rock stars helped bring her back. Rod Stewart convinced her to sing “Hot Legs” with him on “Saturday Night Live” and Jagger, who had openly borrowed some of Turner’s on-stage moves, sang “Honky Tonk Women” with her during the Stones’ 1981-82 tour. At a listening party for his 1983 album “Let’s Dance,” David Bowie told guests that Turner was his favorite singer.
“She was inspiring, warm, funny and generous,” Jagger tweeted Wednesday. “She helped me so much when I was young and I will never forget her.”
More popular in England at the time than in the U.S., she recorded a raspy version of “Let’s Stay Together” at EMI’s Abbey Road studios in London. By the end of 1983, “Let’s Stay Together” was a hit throughout Europe and on the verge of breaking in the states. An A&R man at Capitol Records, John Carter, urged the label to sign her up and make an album. Among the material presented was a reflective pop-reggae ballad co-written by Terry Britten and Graham Lyle and initially dismissed by Tina as “wimpy.”
“I just thought it was some old pop song, and I didn’t like it,” she later said of “What’s Love Got To Do With It.”
Turner’s “Private Dancer” album came out in May 1984, sold more than eight million copies and featured several hit singles, including the title song and “Better Be Good To Me.” It won four Grammys, among them record of the year for “What’s Love Got to Do With It,” the song that came to define the clear-eyed image of her post-Ike years.
“People look at me now and think what a hot life I must have lived — ha!” she wrote in her memoir.
Even with Ike, it was hard to mistake her for a romantic. Her voice was never “pretty,” and love songs were never her specialty, in part because she had little experience to draw from. She was born in Nutbush, Tennessee in 1939 and would say she received “no love” from either her mother or father. After her parents separated, she moved often around Tennessee and Missouri, living with various relatives. She was outgoing, loved to sing and as a teenager would check out the blues clubs in St. Louis, where one of the top draws was Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm. Tina didn’t care much for his looks the first time she saw him, at the Club Manhattan.
“Then he got up onstage and picked up his guitar,” she wrote in her memoir. “He hit one note, and I thought, ‘Jesus, listen to this guy play.’”
Tina soon made her move. During intermission at an Ike Turner show at the nearby Club D’Lisa, Ike was alone on stage, playing a blues melody on the keyboards. Tina recognized the song, B.B. King’s “You Know I Love You,” grabbed a microphone and sang along. As Tina remembered, a stunned Ike called out “Giirrlll!!” and demanded to know what else she could perform. Over her mother’s objections, she agreed to join his group. He changed her first name to Tina, inspired by the comic book heroine Sheena, Queen of the Jungle, and changed her last name by marrying her, in 1962.
In rare moments of leniency from Ike, Tina did enjoy success on her own. She added a roaring lead vocal to Phil Spector’s titanic production of “River Deep, Mountain High,” a flop in the U.S. when released in 1966, but a hit overseas and eventually a standard. She was also featured as the Acid Queen in the 1975 film version of the Who’s rock opera “Tommy.” More recent film work included “Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome” and a cameo in “What’s Love Got to Do with It.”
Turner had two sons: Craig, with saxophonist Raymond Hill; and Ronald, with Ike Turner. (Craig Turner was found dead in 2018 of an apparent suicide). In a memoir published later in 2018, “Tina Turner: My Love Story,” she revealed that she had received a kidney transplant from her second husband, former EMI record executive Erwin Bach.
Turner’s life seemed an argument against marriage, but her life with Bach was a love story the younger Tina would not have believed possible. They met in the mid-1980s, when she flew to Germany for record promotion and he picked her up at the airport. He was more than a decade younger than her — “the prettiest face,” she said of him in the HBO documentary — and the attraction was mutual. She wed Bach in 2013, exchanging vows at a civil ceremony in Switzerland.
“It’s that happiness that people talk about,” Turner told the press at the time, “when you wish for nothing, when you can finally take a deep breath and say, ‘Everything is good.’”
___
This story has been corrected to reflect that Turner died Wednesday.
___
Associated Press Writer Hilary Fox contributed to this report.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
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https://www.kwtx.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
en
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Otis Redding III, who followed father into music, dies at 59
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[
"Otis Redding III",
"Otis Redding",
"Redding family",
"Dexter Redding",
"The Reddings"
] | null |
[
"Associated Press"
] |
2023-04-19T00:00:00
|
Otis Redding III and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
|
en
|
//webpubcontent.gray.tv/gray/arc-fusion-assets/images/favicons/kwtx/favicon.ico?d=420
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https://www.kwtx.com
|
https://www.kwtx.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
MACON, Ga. (AP) — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,’” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
| 15 |
https://www.pediment.com/blogs/news/53230213-december-1967-madison-plane-crash-kills-soul-star-otis-redding
|
en
|
December 1967: Madison plane crash kills soul star Otis Redding
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Otis Redding was primed to take over the pop music world in 1967, but his life and career were tragically cut short by a plane crash in Madison, Wisconsin.
|
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Pediment Publishing
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https://www.pediment.com/blogs/news/53230213-december-1967-madison-plane-crash-kills-soul-star-otis-redding
|
Otis Redding was primed to take over the pop music world in the mid-1960s. His 1965 album "Otis Blue" topped the United States R&B charts on the strength of now-classics "I've Been Loving You Too Long" and Sam Cooke cover "A Change Is Gonna Come," helping him begin crossing over to pop audiences. He reached the peak of his stardom in June 1967 when Aretha Franklin cemented her own legend by co-opting his original song "Respect," and Redding delivered a mythic performance as a headliner at the Monterey International Pop Festival, closing the second day of the festival with "Try A Little Tenderness."
In December, Redding began work on his new album, including initial recordings for the song "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay." He left the studio for a television performance and club dates in Cleveland, Ohio then continued on to Madison, Wisconsin.
On December 10, 1967 Otis Redding and his bandmates approached Madison in his Beechcraft H18 aircraft. For reasons that were never determined, the plane never made it to the airport and instead plummeted into the frigid Lake Monona, tragically killing Redding and six others.
Redding was immortalized by the unfinished "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay," which posthumously reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and has kept the King of Soul in the public consciousness nearly 50 years later.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
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https://deadline.com/2023/04/otis-redding-iii-dead-musician-son-dock-of-the-bay-singer-was-59-1235332539/
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en
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Otis Redding III Dies: Musician Son Of Iconic ‘Dock Of The Bay’ Singer Was 59
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[
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[
"Greg Evans"
] |
2023-04-20T13:42:28+00:00
|
Otis Redding III, the singer and guitarist who had followed his father Otis Redding into the music business, died of cancer Tuesday in Macon, Georgia. He was 59.
|
en
|
Deadline
|
https://deadline.com/2023/04/otis-redding-iii-dead-musician-son-dock-of-the-bay-singer-was-59-1235332539/
|
Otis Redding III, the singer and guitarist who had followed his father Otis Redding into the music business, died of cancer Tuesday in Macon, Georgia. He was 59.
Redding’s death was announced by his sister Karla Redding-Andrews on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening at Atrium Health Navicent in Macon, Ga.,” Redding-Andrews wrote. “Otis was 59 years old. Please keep our family in your prayers at this time and please respect our privacy as we consume this huge loss.
Arrangements will be announced at a later date.”
Redding was three years old in 1967 when his father Otis and four members of the Bar-Kays band died in a plane crash outside Madison, Wisconsin. At the time of crash, Otis Redding had become one of the most popular and influential of the era’s soul singers, and he would soon have a posthumous hit with the mournful classic “(Sittin’ on) the Dock of the Bay.”
Otis Redding III, whose mother was Otis Redding’s wife Zelma Atwood, would also become a musician, forming the 1980s funk band the Reddings with brother Dexter and cousin Mark Lockett. Otis played guitar, with Dexter on bass and Lockett on keyboards.
Redding III would later become heavily involved in his family’s charitable foundation. In addition to his sister Karla Redding-Andrews, he is survived by sister Demetria Redding and brother Dexter Redding.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
| 54 |
https://www.grunge.com/259645/the-tragic-death-of-otis-redding/
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en
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The Tragic Death Of Otis Redding
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[
""
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[
"Cody Copeland"
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2020-10-10T13:15:46+00:00
|
The plane that crashed into a lake near Madison, Wisconsin, carried all but one of the members of the Bar-Kays, a soul ensemble from Memphis, Tennessee, who had done over a hundred shows with Redding on that tour. Only one member of the band, Ben Cauley, made it away from the wreckage with his life.
|
en
|
Grunge
|
https://www.grunge.com/259645/the-tragic-death-of-otis-redding/
|
Otis Redding burned hard and bright during his five short years as a professional entertainer before he tragically died at the peak of his fame. Rolling Stone called him "the Crown Prince of Soul" when it reported the heartbreaking news of the plane crash that killed him on December 10, 1967. And, according to Biography, "The King of Soul" was also among the list of nicknames that his undeniable onstage energy earned him. "Rockhouse Redding" (another nickname) was only 26 years old when he died. As Redding biographer Jonathan Gould wrote in The New Yorker, "his incomparable voice and vocal persona established him as soul music's foremost apostle of devotion, a singer who implored his listeners to 'try a little tenderness' with a ferocity that defied the meaning of the word."
But he was doing much more than singing up on stage. He was crossing the strictly observed racial lines drawn during the Jim Crow era, wowing listeners both Black and white in both the northern and southern U.S., as well as in Europe. In the year before his death, he had gone on tour in France, Britain, and Scandinavia, and done shows at the Monterey Pop Festival and in San Francisco's iconic Fillmore Auditorium. Gould wrote that "he was determined to become the first African-American artist to connect with the burgeoning audience for album rock that had transformed the world of popular music since the arrival of The Beatles in America, in 1964."
Gould told the story of the song that would define Otis Redding's all-too-brief career in a May 2017 article on Lit Hub. He quoted the singer's wife Zelma, who said that when she heard the songs he was writing toward the end of 1967, she told her husband, "You're right. You are going be new. You're not begging anymore."
As it turned out, the rest of the world would find itself begging for more Otis. "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" was released in January 1968 and within days it "assumed the trajectory of a runaway radio hit, rising into the Top 10 by the middle of February." Then it went on to break a plaintive record. In March, it became the first posthumously released record in history to reach the coveted number one spot on the Billboard charts. And it did so on both the R&B and Pop charts. Due to the song's wild popularity, Atlantic Records quickly put a full LP together, which included other singles he had recently released just before the plane crash that tragically ended his life all too soon. These included "The Glory of Love," "Tramp," and the speechlessly soulful "I Love You More than Words Can Say." The album cemented Otis's legacy as a maker of music, in addition to a phenomenal voice and stage performer, as it included a candid photograph of the singer playing a guitar on the back.
The plane that crashed into a lake near Madison, Wisconsin, that cold December night also carried all but one of the members of the Bar-Kays, a soul ensemble from Memphis, Tennessee, who had done over a hundred shows with Redding on that tour. Only one member of the band, Ben Cauley, made it away from the wreckage with his life. Four others — Ronnie Caldwell, Carl Cunningham, Jimmy King, and Phalon Jones — died along with Redding. A fifth member of the band, James Alexander, was on another flight, as there wasn't any room for him on that doomed aircraft. He'd planned on meeting up with them when they landed, but instead had to rush to the scene of the accident to identify the bodies of his friends. "Man, it's a very numb, empty feeling," he told Memphis's local CBS affiliate in 2012. "It's a very empty feeling just to wake up and guys earlier in that day you were laughing and talking with, and all of a sudden those guys aren't around."
Alexander looked back fondly on Redding and the others he lost in that tragic touring accident: they "were all so happy-go-lucky so it was just a devastating period during that time." And, with the enduring legacy of songs like "The Dock of the Bay," he is sure to get his wish that they all be remembered for the soulful contributions they made to American music.
|
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
| 9 |
https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/otis-redding-iii-dead-1235310819/
|
en
|
Otis Redding III, Who Followed Father Into Music, Dies at 59
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2023-04-19T22:30:58+00:00
|
Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59.
|
en
|
Billboard
|
https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/otis-redding-iii-dead-1235310819/
|
Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
The Reddings had a top 10 hit on Billboard‘s Hot Soul Singles chart in 1980 with “Remote Control.” A subsequent single, “Call the Law,” made the top 20 on that chart in 1988 (when it was called Hot Black Singles). “Remote Control” crossed over to hit the Billboard Hot 100, as did a 1982 rendition of their father’s immortal “(Sittin’ on) The Dock of the Bay.” Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,‘” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like … ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
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https://parkhotelmadison.com/madison/2015/otis-redding-memorial
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en
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OTIS REDDING MEMORIAL
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[
"Downtown Madison Wi hotel"
] | null |
[] |
2015-01-01T10:26:00-06:00
|
Visit the small tribute to soul singer Otis Redding overlooking Lake Monona.
|
en
|
apple-touch-icon.png
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Park Hotel Madison
|
https://parkhotelmadison.com/madison/2015/otis-redding-memorial
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Each December marks the anniversary of the date that soul singer Otis Redding’s plane crashed into Madison’s Lake Monona (visible from the upper floors of Park Hotel’s Main Street side). It was December 10, 1967 when Redding and six others perished during a flight from Cleveland for a show in downtown Madison at the Factory, a nightclub that also once hosted Jimi Hendrix.
Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay, a song Redding had recorded three days before his death, was released in January 1968 and became an American classic.
A short walk from the hotel is the memorial site for Otis Redding. The plaque and benches placed in Redding’s honor can be visited on the upper deck of the Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center. The building that housed the former Factory nightclub where Redding was to play that night is still in use. Now a bookstore, the building can be found at 315 W. Gorham Street just off of State Street.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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1
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https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/otis-redding-the-crown-prince-of-soul-is-dead-88656/
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en
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Otis Redding: The Crown Prince of Soul Is Dead
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1968-01-20T15:35:45+00:00
|
The singer dies in a plane crash at 26 years old
|
en
|
Rolling Stone
|
https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/otis-redding-the-crown-prince-of-soul-is-dead-88656/
|
TThe Crown Prince of Soul is dead.
Otis Redding, 26 years old, a former well-driller from Macon, Georgia, died in a plane crash in an icy Wisconsin lake on December 10. With him were the five teen-age members of the Bar-Kays, a group which made the popular instrumental, “Soul Finger,” and who backed Otis on his recent tours and appearances.
Otis was headed from Cleveland, Ohio, to a Sunday evening concert in Madison, Wisconsin. It was his first tour in the private plane he had just purchased. His plane hit the surface of the fog-shrouded lake with tremendous force, widely scattering the debris. He was only four miles from the Madison Municipal Airport. On Tuesday, teams of divers were still dredging the bottom of the lake in a search for the bodies.
The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time: Otis Redding
Redding’s singing career began when he won fifteen straight Sunday night talent shows in Macon. One day he drove with a friend of his to Memphis for a recording session, cut two sides himself and was immediately a major talent. Among the many songs he was responsible for were “Pain in My Heart,” done in a later version by some of his greatest admirers, the Rolling Stones; “Mr. Pitiful,” a song so popular on the rhythm and blues charts that for a long time he was known as Mr. Pitiful; “That’s How Strong My Love Is,” another song which was picked up by the Rolling Stones.
Among the others, Otis’ great recordings included “Shake,” a Sam Cooke song with which he broke up the Monterey Pop Festival; “I’ve Been Loving You Too Long,” and “Try A Little Tenderness,” soul ballads which he made so effective by singing the tenderest lines against driving uptempo beats. Another great Otis ballad was “Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa,” also known as “Sad Song.” The song he did which sold the biggest was his version of the Stones’ “Satisfaction,” which broke on many white charts as well as R&B surveys.
Editor’s picks
In terms of conventional success, Otis never made it into the top twenty of the national pop charts; others had much greater success with his material. Aretha Franklin pulled off a million seller with one of Otis’ favoirte original compositions, “Respect.” Arthur Conley also made number one, with “Sweet Soul Music,” a song Otis wrote and produced.
In 1967 he replaced Elvis Presley as the world’s top male vocalist in the Melody Maker poll, a position Presley had held for eight years.
The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time: Otis Redding
In 1967 he proved himself to be a master of production (he had a studio at his 300-acre ranch outside of Macon) and a writer whose material was not only suited to himself but to the entire medium. His voice was rough, but it carried with it a style and a grace and an originality that was rare in the field of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, rock and soul or whatever it’s called. Otis was a man of music.
1967 was the year that the Stax-Volt operation at Memphis replaced the Motown group in Detroit as the major influence on contemporary blues. Stax-Volt is a tightly knit group of writers, performers and musicians. (Otis wrote “Mr. Pitiful” and “Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa” with Steve Cropper, who also collaborated on “Midnight Hour,” and Cropper is the guitarist with Booker T. and the M.G.’s, the Stax-Volt house band, the band which backed Otis at the Monterey.)
The Memphis sound was going to take over soul in 1968. Everyone knew it, and Otis was the front man at Stax. In 1968, he was going to become “the King of them all, y’all.”
Trending
Otis was the Crown Prince of Soul, and now the Crown Prince is dead.
This story is from the January 20, 1968 issue of Rolling Stone.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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https://www.kbtx.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
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en
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Otis Redding III, who followed father into music, dies at 59
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[
"Associated Press"
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2023-04-19T00:00:00
|
Otis Redding III and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
|
en
|
//webpubcontent.gray.tv/gray/arc-fusion-assets/images/favicons/kbtx/favicon.ico?d=420
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https://www.kbtx.com
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https://www.kbtx.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
MACON, Ga. (AP) — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,’” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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1
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https://www.smoothradio.com/features/death-soul-legend-otis-redding/
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en
|
The tragic death of soul legend Otis Redding
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2022-04-07T13:09:27+01:00
|
Soul legend Otis Redding died in a plane crash near Madison when he was just 26-years-old.
|
en
|
/assets_v4r/smooth/img/favicon-16x16.png
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Smooth
|
https://www.smoothradio.com/features/death-soul-legend-otis-redding/
|
Soul legend Otis Redding died in a plane crash near Madison when he was just 26-years-old.
Otis Redding was one of the most popular soul musicians in the 1960s, capturing the nation with his stunning vocal range.
But his time was tragically cut short when he was killed in a plane crash on December 10th 1967 at the age of just 26-years-old.
Here’s a look back at his life and death…
Otis Redding's 10 greatest songs ever, ranked
Watch 13-year-old UK girl wow America's Got Talent with amazing Otis Redding cover
The Story of... 'Dock of the Bay' by Otis Redding
Otis was born in Dawson, Georgia, and had his first taste of music stardom at age 15 when he worked with Little Richard's backing band, the Upsetters.
Here, he performed in talent shows at the historic Douglass Theatre in Macon, before he joined Johnny Jenkins's band, the Pinetoppers in 1958 and toured the Southern states.
Things changed for Otis in 1962, when he made an unscheduled appearance on a Stax recording session and bagged a contract and his first hit single, 'These Arms of Mine'.
Two years later, the soul star released his debut album, 'Pain in My Heart', and went on to tour around Europe.
As well as starring in a run of shows at Harlem’s Apollo Theater, he recorded a follow-up album which was released in 1965 called The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads.
In 1967, Aretha Franklin famously rerecorded Redding’s 'Respect' from this album, and it shot all the way to number one.
Later that year, Redding returned to the studio at Stax to begin writing songs for a new album.
Here, he recorded what was to become his first, and only, number one hit, 'Sittin’ On The Dock Of The Bay'.
Three days after the recording session, Otis and his band were in the middle of a short concert tour, so got on the plane to make the short flight to his next gig in Madison.
It was bad weather conditions for flying and the pilot had been advised to delay the takeoff, but the band needed to get to their upcoming show.
The plane sadly crashed in a small lake, killing seven of the eight passengers.
Showing the star’s popularity, Redding’s funeral had to be delayed so his family could find a bigger venue for his fans to attend.
It was held in City Auditorium, Macon, and 4,500 people turned up to pay tribute to the young star.
Following his death, Otis received many awards, including two Grammy Awards, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Nicknamed the ‘King of Soul’, his style of singing has continued to influence many other soul artists over the years.
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FactBench
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https://www.wmtv15news.com/2022/12/09/honoring-otis-foundation-late-singer-who-died-madison-nurtures-aspiring-musicians/
|
en
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Honoring Otis: Foundation of late singer who died in Madison nurtures aspiring musicians
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2022-12-09T00:00:00
|
55 years ago this weekend (Dec. 10, 1967), soul singer Otis Redding and 6 others died in a plane crash in Lake Monona, on their way to perform at a concert in Madison. Otis' daughter, Karla Redding-Andrews, shares her memories of that fateful day and how the Otis Redding Foundation is not only keeping his music alive, but also furthering Otis Redding's dream of helping children from underserved communities.
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en
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https://www.wmtv15news.com
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https://www.wmtv15news.com/2022/12/09/honoring-otis-foundation-late-singer-who-died-madison-nurtures-aspiring-musicians/
|
MADISON, Wis. (WMTV) - Some called Otis Redding “The King of Soul”. Karla Redding called him “Dad”.
Reflecting on her late father 55 years after his death in a Lake Monona plane crash, Karla Redding-Andrews said, “I think what made him a success was the fact that he was so talented…but also he was a very humble person. He didn’t really think he could sing that well. According to my Mother, he’d say, ‘Well, you know I don’t dance well, I don’t really sing that great. But I just do what I can do.’”
Audiences sure loved what he could do...and he spent much of the year performing on the road. On December 10, 1967, Redding’s career was skyrocketing when he and band members flew on his private jet from Cleveland to Madison to perform a concert. The plane crashed into Lake Monona in bad weather. Redding and six others on-board died.
Redding-Andrews was just 5 years old at the time. She said, ”I just remember how sad and just grieving my Mom was. You know someone called her on the phone and told her that the plane had crashed in Madison, Wisconsin in Lake Monona. To see the grief in her, the moaning and the wailing…yeah, it got very real for us kids—me, my brothers—because we knew something had happened at that time. You know, I think just realizing that Dad was actually not coming back and realizing that people loved him just as much as we did. They were hurting and in pain just as much as I could see my Mom, and my Uncle and my Dad’s sisters, my aunts…even the Macon community. You know everyday it was a tear, everyday just saying how hurt they are. ”
Redding-Andrews added, “We still get those same sentiments. Every day…just like Dad died two years ago….and here we are fifty-plus years. People are still saying how sad they are that he’s gone.”
The last song he recorded before his death, “(Sittin’ On) The Dock Of The Bay” became Redding’s biggest hit, topping the charts in the U.S. It was released in early 1968, soon after his death.
Karla Redding-Andrews added, “You know I think I appreciate the world—not just Macon, not just Madison, because I know that there are certainly some feelings and true commitment to the legacy of Otis Redding there--but I just thank the community, the world for still always uplifting and honoring Otis Redding. The music will live on forever... but he was more than that.”
While Otis Redding is gone, his music didn’t die that day in 1967, nor did his dream to give back to others, especially children. Prior to his death, Otis encouraged kids to not drop out of school, held a summer educational camp for underprivileged kids, and awarded scholarships to youth from underserved communities.
Redding-Andrews said, “It was important to him because he knew he didn’t get a chance to finish school…and he felt like music and the arts was that one channel for self expression and creativity, which is exactly what it was for him. He wanted to make sure that every kid from underserved communities has access to that.”
Since his death, his widow Zelma has worked tirelessly to carry on Otis’ memory and that dream to give back. She established the Otis Redding Foundation in 2007.
According to Redding-Andrews, “My Dad’s legacy remains at the forefront that it is because of my Mom. She loved him then and loves him dearly, like he’s just on vacation somewhere. She never let anyone tarnish his name, image, or likeness. She controls everything as it relates to Otis Redding and has done so for years.”
Through the Otis Redding Foundation Zelma established in 2007, each summer kids are able to attend music camps, learning how to produce, write, sing, and record music.
Redding-Andrews said, “She just stuck to her goal. Her goal was that one, her husband’s legacy remained relevant through his music…but also to know that he was more than that. He was more than just a man writing these amazing songs. He was a community advocate, he was a great father, he was passionate about what happens in his community—particularly for young people. I think that’s the goal she set, and here we are, keeping it alive every single day.”
Redding-Andrews said it’s wonderful to see kids excel in Otis Music Camp.
“It’s been great for some of the lives we’ve been able to touch. Some of the kids come in and they have no idea of what to expect. But by day 2, they’re all collaborating with each other, they’re having these amazing ideas of how to put the music down, how to write the lyrics. It’s just amazing…and not only that, we have so many celebrity artists who come in and speak to the kids again, about the importance of an education. Making sure that you stay in school, get those grades, those good grades if you can. But it makes them feel really proud of what they’re doing with each other.”
Now the Otis Redding Foundation is working to build the 9,300-square-foot state-of-the-art Otis Redding Center for the Arts, on the same street that housed Otis’ office in the 1960s. ”So we are really following in my father’s footsteps again to really do great things here in Macon on Cotton Avenue,” Redding-Andrews said.
She added, “Macon is all about music. I mean you think about who comes out of Macon—Little Richard, Otis Redding, Lena Horne, the Allman Brothers, Jason Aldean…all of that great music history and heritage comes right out of these waters. And we are creating what could be one day the next Otis Redding, the next Allman Brothers Band, or the next Lena Horne. We want to be on the forefront of making that happen. We hope the next Otis Redding will come from right here.”
Asked what her father would think of the work his foundation is doing, Redding-Andrews answered, “Oh my goodness. He’d be so proud. He is proud. He’d be 81 this year, and I think he’d be right here working with us to make sure that that center is a success...I think he would just love that.”
The King of Soul...long may his legacy live.
Click here for more information on the Otis Redding Foundation, Otis Redding Center for the Arts, or to Donate to the Otis Redding Foundation.
Click here to download the NBC15 News app or our NBC15 First Alert weather app.
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https://isthmus.com/news/cover-story/otis-reddings-legacy-endures-50-years-after-deadly-madison-crash/
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Soul finale
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2017-12-07T05:00:00
|
Otis Redding was on the cusp of superstardom when his private plane plunged into the icy waters of Lake Monona. He was just 26 when he died. Fifty years later, his music endures —
as do questions about the crash.
|
en
|
Isthmus | Madison, Wisconsin
|
https://isthmus.com/news/cover-story/otis-reddings-legacy-endures-50-years-after-deadly-madison-crash/
|
He had fallen asleep, and when he woke it was to chaos inside the small plane.
They were descending so rapidly that Ben Cauley struggled to breathe. He managed to unfasten his seatbelt, and grab a cushion. Then they hit, and he was loose in the water, terrified — he couldn’t swim. He clung to the cushion. The water was freezing. He heard a voice, a cry for help, then another. After that, nothing, until the police boat arrived.
They took him to the emergency room at Methodist Hospital. He was treated for cuts and scrapes on his face and head. It was only after he was put in Room 201 that a police officer walked in and told Cauley he was a lucky man.
“Why?”
“Because everybody else is dead.”
Among the seven others on board was a famous name — Otis Redding, 26, the plane’s owner, a soul singer on the brink of superstardom. Redding’s bravura performance at the Monterey Pop Festival six months earlier had electrified the music world.
Redding and his band, the Bar-Kays — Cauley played trumpet — were heading to Madison for two scheduled shows that night at The Factory, a club on West Gorham, near State Street.
Instead, their plane plunged into Lake Monona.
Fifty years later, Redding’s legacy lives on. Untimely deaths have a way of making legends, but it’s more than that. Part of it is that talent endures.
In 2010, Rolling Stone ranked Redding the eighth greatest singer of all time, noting his key tracks were “(Sittin’ on) The Dock of the Bay,” “These Arms of Mine” and “Try a Little Tenderness.” In 2011, the hip-hop artists Kanye West and Jay-Z recorded a song, “Otis,” that mixes in Redding’s rendition of “Try a Little Tenderness.” The video of the song has been viewed more than 135 million times.
On Dec 15, Rhino is releasing “Otis Redding: The Definitive Studio Album Collection,” a 7-LP set. That follows last year’s six-CD collection, “Otis Redding: Live at the Whiskey a Go Go.”
Hearing those live recordings last fall prompted Madison musician Kevin Willmott II to form and front a Redding tribute band, Don’t Mess with Cupid, named for a Redding song. The band plays the Majestic Theatre Dec. 7.
Willmott, 28, says he discovered Redding’s music after high school, when he was immersing himself in the music of such soul pioneers as Smokey Robinson and Donny Hathaway. Redding was a “mesmerizing” presence on stage, says Willmott: “He was just a fully rounded entertainer. He was having a great time and everyone else was having a great time.”
His music endures, says Willmott, because of its human emotion. “He really tapped into the soul of being in love and feeling pain and just trying to exist.”
Rain was falling in Cleveland when the twin-engine Beechcraft 18 took off for Madison in the early afternoon of Dec. 10, 1967.
On board were Redding, Cauley, the pilot, Richard Fraser, four other members of the Bar-Kays — Phalon Jones, Ronnie Caldwell, Carl Cunningham and Jimmy King — and a 17-year-old boy named Matthew Kelly, invited by the Bar-Kays to serve as Redding’s valet.
Redding was a Georgia native who was discovered and managed by the Southern R&B impresario Phil Walden, who later helped launch the Allman Brothers Band.
Walden was with Redding at Monterey in June 1967, when Otis soared. The manager was soon commanding a minimum of $3,000 a gig for Redding, who began traveling by private plane, first a leased Cessna, then the Beechcraft, which he bought used for $78,000.
The pilot, Fraser, was trained by Jim Lowe, who ran the charter plane operation at the airport in Macon, where Redding lived with his wife, Zelma.
At 3:25 p.m. on Dec. 10, 1967, Fraser communicated with Truax Field, the Madison airport. He was four miles south of the runway, and reported no problems. But an earlier communication with the tower had informed Fraser of a low ceiling and poor visibility in Madison, so the pilot set the controls on autopilot, preparing for an instrument landing.
“I heard an engine in distress,” Chris Dickert says.
Now 71, Dickert lives on a farm outside Evansville. Back then, he was a 21-year-old college student, living with his parents on Tonyawatha Trail in Monona. There was a football game on TV that afternoon. It was his mother’s birthday. She’s 94 this year.
Dickert walked from the living room to the dining room and peered out the window just in time to see a plane collide with the surface of the lake.
A neighbor a few houses down, Bernard Reese, president of Gardner Baking, was outside in his front yard.
“I heard a twin-engine plane overhead in the fog,” Reese, who died in 2005, later told police. “I noticed that it was having engine trouble as there seemed to be a lack of power in the motors. The aircraft then came out of the overcast and approached the water…The plane hit the water and I heard a loud noise like an explosion.”
The most detailed examination of the possible cause of the crash — the National Transportation Safety Board’s report was a single page saying “undetermined”—was done by Jonathan Gould, who published his findings in his terrific Redding biography, Otis Redding: An Unfinished Life, which came out earlier this year.
“I’m pretty obsessive,” Gould tells me, outlining how he’d tracked down and interviewed Henry Lowe, the son of Jim Lowe, the Macon airport pilot and instructor who’d counseled Redding when Otis first got interested in planes.
“When it happened,” Henry Lowe told Gould, “my dad felt he knew exactly what it was about.”
Jim Lowe was certain ice build-up on the airframe brought down the plane. The weather was right for it, and Fraser, a Southern pilot, had little experience in the conditions. Autopilot would hide the effects — until it didn’t, at which point the plane would plummet, in the manner witnessed by Reese.
“You can’t know these things for sure,” Gould says. “You try to come up with a plausible explanation based on people who know something about this stuff.”
In his book, Gould concludes with this: “Of the six other fatal accidents involving Beech 18s on final approach between 1967 and 1983, all of them involved icing conditions, and all but one of them took place in the Great Lakes region.”
After the plane hit the water, Dickert’s mother called police, as did Bernie Reese. Reese then went back outside, where he encountered Dickert, and the two of them ran to a nearby boat landing, where Reese’s son’s boat was trailered. As they were clearing a snow fence out of the way, a Monona police officer arrived. Soon they were all in the boat, headed for the crash site.
When they got there, a police boat was already on the scene. There was debris in the water, a wheel from the plane, but no signs of life.
Dickert recalls: “A police officer on the other boat said, ‘We have one survivor [Cauley]. We’re going to go back.’”
Later Sunday, divers would recover the bodies of Fraser and King. Redding’s body was found Monday, still strapped to the co-pilot’s seat, where he’d been sitting next to Fraser. Eventually, all the bodies were recovered.
Sunday afternoon, in the boat with Reese, Dickert reached out and brought aboard a dark gray attaché case that was floating on the surface. The case and its contents would become one of the enduring mysteries of the crash.
Ken Adamany booked Otis Redding at The Factory because James “Curley” Cooke, of the Steve Miller Band, told him he must. Cooke had been at Monterey, as had Madison’s White Trash Blues Band, who also raved to Adamany about Redding.
“Curley called after Monterey and said, ‘You’ve got to see this guy,’” says Adamany.
Adamany, who lives in the Madison area, still has a copy of the Redding contract.
In 1967, Adamany was a young promoter and club operator, and he hired UW-Madison sophomore William Barr, to create the poster for the show, which featured Redding and the Bar-Kays, and a warm-up band called The Grim Reapers, precursor of the Adamany-managed Cheap Trick.
“It [the poster] was meant to be an allegory of tenderness,” Barr told Isthmus in 2007.
The first Adamany knew that something was wrong came with a call late Sunday afternoon from the police.
“Were you expecting an orchestra?” the officer asked, explaining there had been a plane crash.
Redding’s agency had sent word that the group would be busing from Cleveland.
Adamany — thinking that Redding’s band hardly constituted an orchestra, and that they weren’t flying — directed the police elsewhere. But they called twice more, and the terrible truth emerged. Soon the police showed up at The Factory, and helped manage the crowd.
“We were all shocked,” Adamany says. “Everybody was running around. Phone calls began coming in from all over the country. It was hectic. Something you never want to experience.”
There was anger and disbelief among ticket buyers. Adamany quickly announced immediate refunds, and at the suggestion of the police, opened the doors for a free show. The Grim Reapers played, followed by a Milwaukee band, Lee Brown and The Cheaters, that Adamany had hastily recruited to round out the bill.
They got through the night. Adamany, dazed, thought about how excited The Factory staff was to bring Redding to Madison. The night would never truly leave him. “With all the shows we did after that,” Adamany says, “I was always wary [that something might happen]. It was always in the back of my mind.”
Adamany sent a note of condolence to Redding’s widow, and received a note in return. “Your generous expression of sympathy during our bereavement is deeply appreciated. There is no sorrow that Heaven cannot erase. May God bless you. Zelma Redding.”
Zelma came to Madison on Dec. 11, the day after the crash, with a man named Twiggs Lyndon, who worked for Phil Walden in Macon.
A front-page story in the Dec. 12 Wisconsin State Journal, detailing the events of Dec. 11 — the top headline was “Divers find Redding’s body” — contained this paragraph:
“The divers will also search for Redding’s briefcase which Twiggs Lyndon, a representative of his Macon booking agent, said is believed to contain about $4,000 in cash.”
Except the briefcase, or attaché case, had already been found, floating on the surface of the lake not long after the crash, by Chris Dickert.
“I specifically remember the initials O.R. on the case,” Dickert says. He had no idea at the time whose initials they were.
When he and Reese returned to the boat landing, there were a couple of Monona police cars waiting.
“I helped Bernie load the boat,” Dickert says. “A police officer took the case, and I specifically remember it sitting on the hood of a police car.”
A Madison police sergeant filed a report that references the search made by Reese and Dickert, after the first police boat departed the scene with the survivor, Ben Cauley.
“They located no other survivors,” the sergeant wrote, “however, they did pick up a small dark gray attaché case.”
Yet the case, and the money presumed inside, apparently never made it into an evidence locker; there is no further mention of it in the reports.
“The case was returned, but the money vanished without a trace,” Gould writes in his biography.
When I ask Gould about that, he says his source was “an unpublished interview with Phil Walden that dates from 1990. It’s certainly not definitive, and Phil’s account has more to do with his efforts to convince the coroner and the police to suppress the fact that a small amount of marijuana was found, either in the briefcase or on Otis’s body.”
Finally, adding still more confusion is a paragraph from a short, un-bylined article in the Wisconsin State Journal on Dec. 21— 11 days after the crash. Madison historian Stu Levitan found it while researching his book on 1960s Madison. It said this: “An estimated $3,000 to $4,000 in gate receipts that the troupe was believed to have been carrying was also recovered.”
The shattered aftermath of the crash brought forth a wonder: “(Sittin’ on) The Dock of the Bay” was released as a single in January.
Perhaps the best account of its recording is a 2013 interview given to the Wall Street Journal by Steve Cropper, who played with Booker T. and the MGs and was a producer at Stax Records in Memphis, where Otis had recorded since 1962.
In November 1967, Redding flew to Memphis, called Cropper from the airport, and said, “Crop, I’ve got a hit. I’m coming right over.”
Redding explained he’d written the song post-Monterey, having borrowed promoter Bill Graham’s houseboat in Sausalito.
Cropper wasn’t immediately impressed. “Otis,” he said, referencing an early lyric, “if a ship rolls in, it will take on water and sink.”
Redding wanted the line kept in; later, Cropper would see ferry boats roll on the waves in Sausalito and understand. It was Cropper who added the sounds of the sea and seagulls to the finished record.
They worked into December, then on Dec. 8, Redding had to leave for the concerts in Nashville, Cleveland and Madison. He saw Cropper at Stax.
“See ya on Monday,” Otis said.
A few months later, “(Sittin’ on) The Dock of the Bay” became the first posthumous #1 hit in Billboard magazine’s history.
Two pieces of the doomed airplane — one with “Otis” written on it, and another saying “Redding” — are in the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland.
But Redding had his name on both sides of the plane, and in 2004 I learned there was a piece of the plane with “Otis” written on it on display at the Hard Rock Café in Las Vegas.
At the same time, I learned who could tell me how it got there.
His name is Larry Goodman, although if you were around Madison in the 1970s, you would have known him as Charlie “Rock ‘n’ Roll” Simon, the 6-10 p.m. disc jockey on the immensely popular WISM/AM radio station, 1480 on the dial.
I reached him by phone in 2004 in San Diego, where he had been selling radio time at a station for two decades.
He was happy to tell me how he ended up with a piece of Otis Redding’s airplane.
“There was a local band, I won’t tell you which one,” Goodman said. “One night they went out to wherever the salvage team had put the pieces of Redding’s plane, and they sawed off the pieces with his name on them.”
A Madison blues guitarist once told me he’d had an “Otis” piece of the plane, but eventually decided it was “bad karma” and left it in his apartment when he moved out.
“That fits,” Goodman said, explaining that a Madison landlord came into possession of the plane piece. The man’s wife soon tired of having it in the house. “He asked if I wanted it,” Goodman said.
He did. Goodman took it with him to San Diego, but eventually Goodman traded it to the Hard Rock Café for a Hofner bass guitar signed by Paul McCartney.
More readily available — although still quite rare — are the original posters Adamany hired artist William Barr to create for the Redding show in Madison.
“My records show that we printed 100 — 50 of each color,” Adamany says. “One with a dark blue background and one with a yellow background.”
In 2006, one was sold on the internet auction site itsonlyrockandroll.com. The consignor was Gary Sohmers, who in the 1970s edited a Madison music guide and later appraised pop culture items for Antiques Roadshow on PBS.
In 1981, Sohmers’ music guide did a lengthy article on the Redding crash, and a Madison woman who had one of the original posters let him reproduce it for the article.
“Twenty-five years later,” Sohmers told me, “she saw me on television, and got in touch about selling the poster.”
The poster sold for $7,381.83.
There wasn’t room for everyone on the private plane from Cleveland to Madison that rainy afternoon 50 years ago. One of the Bar-Kays, James Alexander, and Carl Sims, a young singer Otis had invited along to open, flew commercial.
“I identified the bodies,” Alexander told me when we spoke in 2014.
It was the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Bar-Kays in 1964. Alexander and Ben Cauley — who died in 2015 — re-formed the band to honor their lost friends, Alexander said.
They played a series of shows in that anniversary year, and an online setlist from a performance at the Mahaffey Theater in St. Petersburg, Florida, that August shows the Bar-Kays played “Try a Little Tenderness” and “(Sittin’ on) The Dock of the Bay.”
The plane sank, the music still soars.
“I don’t think there’s another artist like him,” Adamany says of Redding. “I haven’t heard anything that approaches those early records. There was Wilson Pickett — some others like that — but they couldn’t approach Otis.”
Gould calls Redding “a touchstone for a lot of music listeners who might not have that strong a relationship with rhythm and blues.”
Kevin Willmott II will become Otis on stage at the Majestic with Don’t Mess with Cupid Dec. 7. “The 50th anniversary was our target,” he says. “We’ve had a year to get something really special together. My hope is to have it be kind of healing for people.”
I look forward to seeing Don’t Mess with Cupid perform. I first wrote about Otis Redding nearly 35 years ago — a long magazine story in 1983 — and I’ve revisited the crash and Redding’s sad but nevertheless real connection to Madison in columns and articles many times since. Hearing “(Sittin’on) The Dock of the Bay” can still give me chills. I doubt I’m alone.
[Editor's note: A caption on the photo for the Factory was corrected to say that the space is now occupied by A Room of One's Own.]
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https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2020/connecticut-coronavirus-obituaries/
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Remembering Connecticut residents who died after coronavirus
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2020-06-01T12:00:00+00:00
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Coronavirus has sickened thousands of Connecticut residents and hundreds have died after they were diagnosed with the illness. We're honoring those who passed with obituaries.
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https://www.sfchronicle.com/favicon.ico
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The San Francisco Chronicle
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https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2020/connecticut-coronavirus-obituaries/
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Bristol
Raymond Joseph Beaucar , 82
"To know Ray," the family of Raymond Joseph Beaucar said in his obituary, "you remember his patience, kindness and good nature, even if he called you by the wrong name." He played basketball and baseball as a boy and loved watching sports when he grew up. Casino trips and spending time with his grandchildren were other favorite pastimes.
Read full obituary here
Alice Zeranski , 84
After raising three children -- she "could often be heard ringing her cowbell in the stands cheering them on" at their games -- Alice Zeranski worked in the emergency department at Bristol Hospital, her obituary said. She enjoyed gardening, traveling, biking and golf, among her other pursuits.
Read full obituary here
Cecilia E. Dunn , 88
Sissy Dunn loved traveling, loved the beach and loved traveling to beaches, her obituary says, and "ever the fashionable dresser," she often brought one bag full of just shoes. After raising her family, she got an associate's degree in accounting and got a job at Allstate in Farmington, across Interstate 84 from where her husband, Bob, worked at Otis Elevator.
Read full obituary here
Ruth Paulette , 88
Ruth Paulette worked at Beth Israel nursery school in Bristol, her obituary says, for many years. She was born in Maine and moved to Bristol in 1959, rearing 11 children with her husband, Arthur. She enjoyed traveling, reading history and biographies, and gardening.
Read full obituary here
Catherine M. Goodwin , 82
Christmas was Cathy (Goodwin)'s favorite time of year, her obituary says, "and she was known for elaborate decorations that would nearly transform her home into a gingerbread house." She and her husband, Lavern "Fuzzy" Goodwin, were married 64 years.
Read full obituary here
Barbara Richardson , 97
Barbara Richardson was an accomplished singer, her obituary says; she performed at Radio City Music Hall with the Hartford Symphony Chorale, had solo concerts at the Hartford School of Music and performed "O Holy Night" at midnight masses. A lifelong Bristol resident, she retired from United Technologies in 1987.
Read full obituary here
Claude Reno Doucette , 84
Claude Doucette was an engine mechanic for the U.S. Air Force in the Korean War, and he brought those skills home to work for Pratt & Whitney and Superior Electric Company, his obituary says. He was born in Maine before his family moved to Bristol when he was young.
Read full obituary here
Dennis A. Rogers , 76
Dennis Rogers was affectionately, his obituary says, called "Deadeye Dennie" at the Elks Lodge: "His talents on their bowling, dart and Setback leagues provided much laughter." He served in the Connecticut National Guard in the 1960s until a motorcycle accident left him in a coma and required months of rehabilitation.
Read full obituary here
Beverly Low , 91
Beverly Low was an athlete when she was young and rooted for the Red Sox and UConn basketball. "For many years," her obituary said, she "was affiliated with The Village for Children and Families, looking after and having a great impact on countless foster children." Her daughter died of cancer just a week earlier; she'd lost her husband last year.
Read full obituary here
Aneita (Carville) Babicz , 82
Aneita was proud to be a Bristol Crossing Guard for over 25 years. For several years she was the president of the Bristol Crossing Guard Association, and she took great pride in the fact that she negotiated a new contract between the association and the School Board, her obituary said. She was a woman with deep Catholic faith, had a strong Irish background and grew up singing and dancing to Irish music with her family. She could never wear enough green on St Patrickâs day. She still had an amazing voice and loved to sing, according to her obituary.
Read full obituary here
Danbury
Albert Anderson , 92
Albert Anderson was a World War II Army veteran who served in the Pacific theater and commanded a local Veterans of Foreign Wars post. âHe also remained active in his local community taking the role as the fire commissioner for the Georgetown Fire Department and was a deacon at the Sacred Heart Church in Georgetown, CT.,â his obituary said.
Read full obituary here
Michael âMickeyâ Ross , 71
After high school, Michael âMickeyâ Ross âserved in the United States Air Force as a medic during the Vietnam War, where he received many medals and awards,â according to his obituary. He had âa diverse career in marketing and computer technology,â and taught as a substitute at local elementary schools. Along with his wife and son, Ross is survived by âmany extended family members and close friends,â family members said in his obituary.
Read full obituary here
Jeanne Hammond Byrnes , 97
Jeanne Hammond Byrnes lived most of her life in New York. She grew up on a farm with family tales of her grandfather, an English sea captain, her obituary says. An accounting whiz in high school, she went to business school and later ran a communications business in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., that she'd founded with her husband.
Read full obituary here
Fred Simon , 71
Fred Simon, remembered for his âsense of humor and jolly laugh,â was a âtalented chefâ for more than four decades in his professional life, and enjoyed rebuilding electronic devices and watching classic movies, according to his obituary.
Read full obituary here
Frank Bonomo , 94
Frank Bonomo joined the Navy at age 17 and served during World War II. He worked for the Perkin-Elmer Corporation for 20 years and enjoyed woodworking.
Read full obituary here
Louis A. Haddad , 72
A lifelong Danbury resident, Louis A. Haddad graduated from Danbury High School with the Class of 1966 and was vice-president of the former Sun Trading Corp. established by his father Al.
Read full obituary here
Louis Joseph Tambone , 89
Louis Joseph Tambone was a U.S. Army veteran who received two bronze stars. He was a mainstay in the Danbury bowling community and was passionate about the New York Yankees and Notre Dameâs football team, according to his obituary.
Read full obituary here
Jonathan Coelho , 32
Jonathan Coelho worked for the stateâs judicial system since 2010, when he started as a judicial marshal in Danbury. He was a die-hard New England Patriots fan and loved his two children, Penelope and Braedyn.
Read full obituary here
Howard Lee Dines , 65
Howard Lee Dines was an avid reader who loved all animals, especially cats, according to his obituary. A former member of the Danbury Drum and Bugle Corps, he had attended West Virginia University.
Read full obituary here
Joan White Schmiedel , 90
Joan Schmiedel worked at Southern New England Telephone after graduating from Danbury High, her obituary says. She was set up on a blind date with a coworker's brother who became her husband. She worked 17 years in Danbury town clerk's office, retiring as an assistant town clerk.
Read full obituary here
Leahdell âLeaâ Davis , 90
Leahdell âLeaâ Davis knew everyone in Danbury. She and her late husband, Jerrold Davis, came from a long line of Danbury residents and raised their own four children in the Hat City. âThey were involved with everything in Danbury,â their daughter Jill Davis Adams said. Davis was a hairdresser for 40 years, and even opened her own salon, Shear Designs by Lea, which she ran from her home for 20 years.
Read full obituary here
Rosemary Hughes , 90
Rosemary Hughes and her husband, Harold, lived in the same Hillside Avenue house for almost 60 years, her obituary says. They were married 69 years; he died on Dec. 30. She worked at the Danbury Public Library and in the library at Western Connecticut State University.
Read full obituary here
James Joseph Ross , 57
Jim Ross was born in Bristol but lived in Danbury for 30 years. He was also 30 years sober, his obituary says, and was an AA leader. "Jim was a very fun, loving, goofy and charismatic guy," his family says.
Read full obituary here
Roberta Gulick , 90
Roberta "Bobbie" Gulick was dedicated, her obituary said, to the Alliance for the Mentally Ill, an organization important to her. "From a very early age," her family wrote, "Roberta showed great strength and fortitude. She carved herself a life with an amazing career, extensive travel, a loving husband, family and many friends."
Read full obituary here
Fairfield
James Ercolani , 85
James Ercolani was a 1956 graduate of Fairfield University and devoted Stags supported throughout his life. His son, James, described his father as a popular and gregarious man. He was a retired banker who still maintained a good support network, as well as close ties with his family and St. Thomas Church, where he was a longtime active member.
Read full obituary here
John J. Corsano , 93
John J. Corsano founded Ceramic Tiles of Fairfield, his own business, and worked in the trade for years, according to his obituary. He served in the Navy during World War II, and married his loving wife, Lorraine Vallone, in 1953. He is survived by his children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and his partner Rose Masi, who was his companion after his wifeâs passing for the last 26 years, according to his obituary.
Read full obituary here
Phyllis Beatrice Antonetz , 103
At 103 years old, Phyllis Beatrice Antonetz constantly emanated âa feeling of sunshine.â Her parents were Italian immigrants and Antonetz worked at Macy's for many years before becoming an elementary school teacher on Long Island, according to her obituary. She moved to Connecticut in 1999, where she served as a classroom volunteer at St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic School in Fairfield.
Read full obituary here
Julia Chan Lee , 85
Julia Lee had degrees from three schools, her obituary says, including a 1974 master's from Columbia. Born in Hong Kong, she taught English as a Second Language at PS 151 in Woodside, Queens. She enjoyed traveling and all kinds of athletic endeavors.
Read full obituary here
Marian Marie Gasper , 93
Marian Marie Gasper graduated from Bridgeportâs Bassick High School. She lived in Fairfield for more than 50 years, according to her obituary. Gaspar worked at her daughter Susanâs dance studio, Dance With Susan in Fairfield, well into her 80s.
Read full obituary here
Dorothy DâOstilio , 95
Dorothy DâOstilio taught home economics in New York and Wilton before coming to Fairfield, where she lived for nearly 70 years, according to her obituary. In Fairfield, she was a devoted member of Our Lady of the Assumption Church, an active member of AAUW which honored her 50 years of membership, an avid reader and book club member who frequently visited the Fairfield Public Library and a member of a monthly bridge group for nearly 60 years, where she developed many lasting friendships and memories, her obituary said.
Read full obituary here
Matilde âLiaâ Fichman Simmons , 97
Matilde âLiaâ Fichman Simmons, a native of Brazil, worked as a real estate broker and managed properties for Arbee Associates while also doing translation work in the Bridgeport area. âLia loved a good Connecticut lobster, a cold beer, playing bridge and Buraco, cooking, creating needlepoint pillows and art, Star Trek and MacGyver, a spin on the dance floor, the thrill of a flea market hunt," her obituary said.
Read full obituary here
Victor Gurvits , 89
Born in Odessa when it was part of the U.S.S.R., Victor Gurvits learned to come up with âcreative solutions around the lack of livable space,â according to his obituary. Gurvits was a licensed building official, working that job to high praise for more than 20 years in Norwalk and Fairfield. He graduated from Odessa Hydrotechnical Institute as a civil engineer in 1953. He moved with his family to the United States in 1977, becoming a citizen in 1981.
Read full obituary here
Helen Kiraly , 96
Daughter of Hungarian immigrants, Helen Kiraly liked to say that she had four children, four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren, her obituary says. She devoted herself especially to the needs of her Special Olympics medal-winning daughter, Teresa.
Read full obituary here
Joanne C. Mastropietro , 78
Born in the Bronx, Joanne Mastropietro was raised in Fairfield and later worked in accounting and finance. She and her husband, Michael, moved to Florida in 1986 soon after marrying. "Joanne will be best remembered by her smile, sense of humor, stubborn resolve, love of song, practical jokes and love of family and friends," her obituary said.
Read full obituary here
Stephen Katai , 88
Born in Hungary, Stephen Katai left soon after the Revolution of 1956 and settled in Fairfield. He was a tool and die maker at Scan Tool in Trumbull, his obituary says. He'd moved to New Haven two years ago and enjoyed reading and gardening.
Read full obituary here
Regina Scharf , 96
A Holocaust survivor, Jean Scharf was born in Romania. She and her husband, Charles, came to the United States in 1949. "They started with nothing, building a life," her obituary says, "and a family who can only dream of filling the shoes they've left behind."
Read full obituary here
Lynne Zebrowski ,
Lynne Zebrowski, formerly of Fairfield, was born and raised in Fairfield, attended Fairfield Public Schools and graduated from Central Connecticut State Teachers College with a Degree in Education and then obtained her Master's Degree in Education from Fairfield University. She taught students in the Trumbull Public School system, inspiring the minds of nearly three generations, her obituary said. Lynne retired permanently to Arizona in 2012, and enjoyed her days with a wonderful circle of friends. She was an avid card game and mahjong player, and continued teaching by instructing others to how to play numerous card games, according to her obituary.
Read full obituary here
Greenwich
Kevin Duffy , 87
Judge Kevin Duffy retired from the federal bench in 2016 after 44 years as a district judge in the Southern District of New York. He presided over the trial in the 1993 truck bombing of the World Trade Center, as well as the radicals who took part in a murder and armed robbery of a Brinks truck in Nanuet, N.Y. in 1983.
Read full obituary here
Lawrence T. Chiaramonte , 82
Dr. Lawrence T. Chiaramonte was a respiratory specialist trained in family practice, pediatrics, allergy and immunology. He did groundbreaking research in treating asthma and allergies. Chiaramonte also worked with 9/11 emergency-responders and inner-city youngsters. He was an author, educator and sought-after speaker who had a gift for healing, according to his family.
Read full obituary here
Matthew Barclay Brown III , 70
Matthew Barclay Brown III was a gifted athlete who enjoyed golf, tennis, and skiing, according to his obituary. "'Tam' will be remembered for his gentle, kind and loving heart, and his quick wit. His legacy is one of hope and courage," said his family of him.
Read full obituary here
Diane Gill Fraker , 68
A Greenwich native, Diane Marie Gill Fraker reared three children in Richmond, Va., before coming back to her hometown. She was a women's studies major at Goddard College in Vermont and worked as a paralegal, according to her obituary.
Read full obituary here
Samuel L. Trachtenberg , 86
Sam Trachtenberg had to help support his family even as a young boy after his father died. He ran errands, his obituary says, for legendary gangster Bugsy Siegel, a quarter a piece. He was later an Army paratrooper in the Korean War, drove a taxi in New York and was co-owner of a store in Old Greenwich, among many other endeavors.
Read full obituary here
Richard C. "Dick" Johann , 87
Richard C. "Dick" Johann was a lifelong Greenwich resident. He served his country during the Korean conflict as a seaman in the United States Navy aboard the USS Darby DE-218, according to his obituary. Mentored by the late Theodore Greeff, of Greenwich, he became national sales manager and then succeeded Mr. Greeff as president of the then-renowned luxury fabric company Greeff Fabrics.
Read full obituary here
Norma Mary Hubert Carlson , 91
Norma Mary Hubert Carlson worked as a bookkeeper at Aero-Nautical Boats and Rings End and volunteered with the Red Cross. âShe loved to sew, bowl, ice skate, travel and spend time with family. Norma was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, aunt and friend,â her obituary said.
Read full obituary here
Ronald George Frangipane , 75
Ron Frangipane had a career in music as a songwriter, arranger, performer and many other roles; he played keyboard on "Sugar, Sugar," a No. 1 song in 1969. "Iâve never heard a piano sound more exquisite or seen a man so passionate while making it sing," his son, Greg, wrote in his obituary. He was living in New Jersey, where he'd been a music professor at Monmouth.
Read full obituary here
James Condaris , 68
James Condaris "was loved [and] adored by the Abilis community and anyone who met him,â according to the Greenwich-based organization that provides support, services and residential facilities for the developmentally challenged community and their families. Condaris moved into one of Abilisâ residential homes in Greenwich 23 years ago. He resided at the Cross Ridge home in Old Greenwich.
Read full obituary here
Silvio Archino , 88
A son of Italian immigrants, Silvio Archino, nicknamed Sal, served in the United States Army in the Korean War. He and his wife, Mary, had been married more than 65 years, his obituary says. He and his brother owned a restaurant in Port Chester, N.Y., and he also worked in Greenwich's highway department.
Read full obituary here
John Maciejewski , 77
John Maciejewski liked to say he was educated at the College of Hard Knocks, his obituary says. "He loved his hometown of Old Greenwich," his family wrote, "and was fiercely proud to be a third generation resident of the town and the house that his grandfather originally settled in when he immigrated to America." His wife, Lois, died on March 27.
Read full obituary here
William Richardson , 68
A lifelong Greenwich resident, William Richardson was the building inspector and the fire marshal for the town of North Castle, which encompasses Armonk, Banksville and North White Plains. His wife, Jinny, said of her husband, âHe loved his family and loved to work outside. And he was very committed to the fire department.â He previously owned and operated Babco Automotive in Banksville. The retired civil servant served on the Representative Town Meeting in Greenwich and was a member of the Cos Cob Revolver and Rifle Club.
Read full obituary here
Peter O. Rupprecht , 80
Born in Budapest, Hungary, and raised in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Peter Rupprecht came to Greenwich in 1979, his obituary says. He had lots of experience in international trade. He was also a soccer fan.
Read full obituary here
Billy Farrell , 84
Billy Farrell was a longtime Greenwich resident and longtime head professional at The Stanwich Club. âMy dad was quite the golfer, quite the competitor,â said Bobby Farrell, Billy's son. âBut a big part of him that people didn't really see was how big his heart was and what a family man he was.â Billy enjoyed telling the story of playing in tournaments with Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus. He also played with President Bill Clinton.
Read full obituary here
Henry A. Leigh III , 88
Harry Leigh lived in Old Greenwich for 60 years and was a lifelong member of the Rocky Point Club, fishing and enjoying the Sound on his boat "Lighthorse," according to his obituary. He was once a shellfish warden for the town. He died on his 88th birthday. He'd had a career in the paper industry.
Read full obituary here
Bernice Mary Wachnicki , 90
Bernice Wachnicki, born Faszewski, was "Fuzzy" to her family and friends, her obituary said. She was a receptionist at a dentist's office for many years. She enjoyed reading, rooting for the UConn women's basketball team and spending time with her pets and her family.
Read full obituary here
Samuel Wiggins , 85
Sam, also known as Sammy, was born in Greenwich where he lived for 85 years, his obituary said. Sam was an active member of Jehovah's Witnesses and served as a zealous and tireless minister. He will long be remembered for the encouragement and assistance he gave his spiritual family. Sam was with the U.S. Postal Service for 30 years. As a letter carrier in Greenwich, he made many, many lasting friendships, according to his obituary.
Read full obituary here
Manchester
Nancy Krupp , 87
Nancy Krupp lived in a group home in Manchester under âthe kind, nurturing careâ of MARC Inc. employees for more than 25 years, according to her obituary. Krupp, who treasured wristwatches, radios and getting mail, also loved going to Shady Glen with her family for a grilled cheese sandwich and a strawberry milkshake, her obituary said.
Read full obituary here
Mary Eastwood , 89
Mary Eastwood was a retired nurse who worked 20 years for a family medical practice in Manchester, according to her obituary. She graduated from Manchester High School and then attended Middlesex School of Nursing. She was a great storyteller who visited many spots throughout Manchester to brighten peopleâs days. She often took her mom, âAunt Mag,â for a cup of coffee at Shady Glen.
Read full obituary here
Alan F. Krupp , 83
Alan F. Krupp was the head of the medical staff at Manchester Memorial Hospital where he spent his time there improving the quality of care for patients. Before that he served two years in the Navy in the 1960s. He remained physically active throughout life and completed his first century bike ride at age 80.
Read full obituary here
Maurice Chirico , 87
Moe Chirico was born in upstate New York but grew up in Pianopoli, in southern Italy, before coming back to the United States at age 20. According to his obituary, he was a member of the Mt. Carmel-St. Cristina Society since 1956, a member of the Sons of Italy Ella T. Grasso Lodge for more than 50 years and a member of the Elks Lodge in East Hartford.
Read full obituary here
Jorge F. Casals , 75
Jorge F. Casals was born in Cuba during the Cuban Revolution and takeover by the Communist Party of Fidel Castro. He and his family emigrated and became citizens of the United States, his obituary said. He retired in 2002 after 28 years at Connecticut General/Cigna as a financial applications specialist.
Read full obituary here
Mae T. Roser , 92
Mae Roser, her obituary says, had a knack for bringing together her extended family. She added to it, too, taking in foster children, "Fresh Air Kids" from New York and an exchange student from Brazil. She was, says her obit, a "nationally recognized quilter."
Read full obituary here
Midge Leon , 83
Midge Leon bred and showed Great Danes. "These dogs were taller than she was and outweighed her by 70 pounds at least, but that did not stop her from allowing them to sit on her lap, sleep with her and comfort her," her obituary says. She lived most of her life in northeastern Connecticut but spent nine years in Bridgeport.
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Ruby Bechtold , 90
Ruby Bechtold traveled around the country and around the world but stayed active at home, too. Born on a dairy farm in Maryland, according to her obituary, she was active in 4-H and sang in her church choir and with the Manchester Orchestra and Chorale. She loved the Baltimore Orioles, UConn basketball and the Boston Celtics, not to mention her kids' and grandkids' teams.
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Diane Christine Juracka , 69
After training to be a dental hygienist, Diane Juracka opened a temp agency in New York, Hi-Tec Temps. The Schenectady, N.Y., native retired to Manchester. "Diane loved animals above all else and was constantly concerned with their welfare," her obituary said. "She had a full contingent of pets -- dogs, cats, turtles, to name a few."
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Cecile A. Mulherin , 85
Cecile Mulherin lived in Manchester for 51 years and was the recreation program director at the South Windsor Nursing Home for several years, her obituary says. She later started a homemaker companion business. She taught CCD, sang in the choir and raised money for various parishes in and around Hartford.
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Sandra C. Orcutt , 80
Sandy Orcutt had to stop working outside her home for health reasons, but then she was able to help her husband, David, with his business, Advanced Pipe Pushing. David died earlier this year. Sandy "had a love for collecting angels, doing crafts and decorating her house for the holidays, especially Christmas," her family wrote in her obituary.
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New Haven
Betty Bennett , 70
Betty Bennett loved and long refused to leave New Haven, but agreed to move south last summer to stay with her daughter, Violet, and numerous other family members there. The former New Hallville resident loved her neighbors and community at the Faith Temple Deliverance Center, and the doctors and nurses at Yale New Haven Hospital where she received cancer treatment years ago. âShe loved Connecticut. It really broke her heart to leave,â her daughter, Santia Bennett said.
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Pauline Corrigan , 90
Pauline Corrigan was a veteran of the U.S. Air Force, having been based at Barksdale Air Force Base in Shreveport, Louisiana, according to her obituary. After her years of service in the military, Corrigan worked at Norwalk Hospital for three decades in the communications department.
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Charles Krigbaum , 91
Yale's Institute of Sacred Music commissioned an organ in Marquand Chapel that was dedicated in 2007 to Charles Krigbaum, professor emeritus of music. He was Yale's University Organist for 25 years, his obituary says. He liked hiking and had visited six continents.
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Jennie Kliger , 93
Jennie Kliger moved from her native Quebec City to New Haven in 1946, her obituary says. She worked for the American Cancer Society, then was an auditor for the state's Department of Social Services. She enjoyed watching hockey and UConn women's basketball.
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Theresa F. Szemanczky , 89
Theresa Szemanczky had an artistic youth, beginning with a decade of classical piano lessons, her obituary said. She became one of the first women hired by Aetna as insurance claims adjuster. Her family called her a great problem-solver: "'I wrote the book,' she commanded when she detected cowardice or fear when someone stared abjectly looking down at the floor."
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Kathleen Paranteau , 70
Kate Paranteau had just turned 70 not three weeks before she died. "Kate was a catalyst in the New Haven arts community and women's rights community," her family wrote in her obituary. It said she leaves a sister, a cousin, a nephew "and a large, loving network of friends."
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Robert Bachinski , 83
Bob Bachinski was a design engineer for Pratt and Whitney. He held patents and worked on designs for NASA and the military, including the SR-71, his obituary said. He died six days after his 83rd birthday and exactly two months after his wife, Carol, with whom he'd been living in Florida.
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Jorge Diaz Valdivia , 69
Jorge Diaz Valdivia "had two passions in his life," his family wrote in his obituary, "his family and his cars." He ran the barbecue grill at every family event, they said. He worked as a civilian for the air force of his native Peru before coming to the United States in 1983.
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Margaret Holloway , 68
New Haven's 'Shakespeare Lady,' Margaret Holloway was "a great thespian" reciting Shakespeare's works often outside Willoughbyâs coffee shop at the corner of Church and Grove streets downtown, according to Hearst Connecticut columnist Randall Beach. Holloway received a master of fine arts degree from Yale in 1980 and saw herself "in a career in avant garde theater, mostly as a director,â but she didn't make it. In the 1980s she was diagnosed with schizophrenia and became homeless in 1983.
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Mary Sutcliffe , 86
Mary was born in New Haven on April 18, 1934 to the late Mary Coyle and John Malley, her obituary said. Mary was predeceased by her Sister Jean (Edward) Filanowski and her only grandson Vincent Hosker. She is survived by her Husband Alan and three daughters: Evelyn Sutcliffe (Viren) Amin, Valerie Sutcliffe, Christine Sutcliffe and two granddaughters Emily Hosker and Sapna Amin, several cousins, nieces and nephew.
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Norwalk
Mary Roman , 83
Mary Roman, a childhood polio survivor and world-record-holding senior Olympian, was active in the community for decades and served as a city clerk in Norwalk, according to her family and friends.
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Robert Klein , 74
Born in the Bronx, Robert Klein went to Queens College and then worked for IBM for 30 years. He was later a real estate broker in Norwalk. "He was a warm friend with a quirky sense of humor, quick wit and the ability to find a song for every occasion," his family wrote in his obituary.
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Gilbert Baker , 73
Married for 40 years, Gilbert Baker died two days before his wife, Barbara Baker. The couple is survived by two children, Ja-Asia and Laquita Baker.
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Alfred F. Buchetto , 88
Alfred Buchetto "was a humble, honest man with a humorous funny bone,â his obituary said. âHe was a gentleman that would help you before he helped himself.â His family said he was a watchmaker and precious stone setter, served overseas in the United States Army and is survived by his son, his daughter, his daughter-in-law and his two grandchildren.
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Burton Henry Harwood Jr. , 99
Burton Harwood, born in 1920, was a graduate of Glastonbury High School in Glastonbury and Amherst College in Massachusetts. He served as a naval officer during World War II, his obituary said. From there, he went on to serve in the United States Navy Reserve. He reached the rank of commander before his retirement.
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Barbara Baker , 75
Barbara Baker worked as an aide on a special-needs bus for ECS Transportation in Norwalk up until schools closed, according to her son. She and her husband Gilbert Baker died two days apart. The couple is survived by two children, Ja-Asia and Laquita Baker.
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John Verel , 72
John Verel was a "fully formed Renaissance man in his own right," his oldest child said. He had two masterâs degrees, according to his obituary, and he founded his own firm. He ran four marathons, sang with the New York Grand Opera in Carnegie Hall and published a crossword puzzle in a Los Angeles Times syndicate venue. He was known around Norwalk for his community service. He also made time for his family including his wife, Mary, his high school sweetheart and partner of nearly 50 years.
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Joseph Hawley , 67
Joseph Hawley had an entrepreneurial spirit and love of family and traveling. He had a "successful career as a senior sales and marketing executive leading global beauty and fashion accessories firms," according to his obituary. He is survived by âthe love of his life,â his wife, Susan; his children; and grandchildren.
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Marcia Louise Sanchez , 81
Marcia Sanchez worked at Greenwich, Stanwich and Rockrimmon Country Clubs, among other jobs. Her family said in her obituary that she was creative, a gifted arranger of flowers, and enjoyed cooking and decorating. Born in New Hampshire, she'd also lived in Stamford.
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George Anthony DiScala Jr. , 89
Born on March 25, 1931, George Anthony DiScala Jr. grew up on Yew Street in the Silvermine area of Norwalk. âGeorge had a strong work ethic and aspired to expand his real estate interest, and started Silvermine Realty at 126 East Ave. in 1966, where his business stayed for the next 30 years."
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Mark Fallo , 57
Mark Fallo â remembered as a talented musician, a loving husband and a great dad â was a lifelong sports fan and beloved former employee of the Wine Basket in East Norwalk, according to his obituary. âHe played the accordion before Weird Al made it cool, studied piano for many years, and rocked a mean air guitar,â his obituary said.
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Dan Spano , 30
Dan Spano, a personal trainer, graduated from Ridgefield High School in 2008, his family said. A high school football player, he volunteered with Pop Warner and graduated from Coastal Carolina University in 2012 with a bachelorâs degree in sports recreation and management.
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Virginia Thompson , 78
Virginia Thompson was an avid bingo player and a popular member of the Autumn Lake nursing home community, according to her family. She served on the nursing homeâs resident board.
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Karen Robidoux Thifault , 64
A lifelong Norwalk resident, Karen Thifault graduated from Norwalk High and went on to work at the offices of Clairol and FAG Bearings in Stamford. âHer varied hobbies included writing, stamping and scrapbooking,â family members said in her obituary.
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Laszlo V. Nandori , 74
Born in Gyoma, Hungary, Laszlo Nandori was a talented stone mason who worked endless hours creating beautiful stone structures and custom homes for many in Fairfield County, his obituary said. His meticulous work has been done on the homes of Keith Richards, Loretta Swit, Ace Frehley, Michael Bolton, Frank and Kathy Lee Gifford and J.P. Morgan Jr., to name a few. He loved to spend his days off fishing and clamming the shores of Connecticut, tending his garden of vegetables and flowers and making fresh sausage, prosciutto and salami.
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Phyllis Ehrenthal , 84
Longtime Norwalk teacher Phyllis Ehrenthal had a passion for painting and produced dozens of oil paintings as part of a Weir Farms group of artists, according to her obituary. Upon her retirement from teaching, Ehrenthal pursued a career in family therapy. She "always strove to maximize the authentic potential of every student, and by doing so, earned the respect of parents, her peers and school administrators,â her family said of her.
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Sheryll âSherâ Enriquez , 21
âShe was a lovely, sweet, artistic young woman who brought much joy and kindness to our little community,â Brien McMahon High Schoolâs Center for Global Studies Director Julie Parham wrote. âWe are lucky we had a chance to spend four lovely years with her.â
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Lenore Chaice Mintz , 94
Lenore Chaice Mintz, a longtime Norwalk resident, is credited with helping start the Norwalk Community College, according to her obituary. Mintz also served as the Norwalk Board of Education chairman from 1966 to 1972. She valued and loved her family and her community, her family said of her in her obituary.
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Douglass Cornwell , 77
An Air Force air traffic controller in Spain in the 1960s, Douglass Cornwell liked to tell the story of being one of the last in contact with one of the planes that, after a crash, lost a hydrogen bomb in the Mediterranean, his obituary says. He came home to a career in finance and accounting. He'd been a soccer goalie in high school and later enjoyed playing for an over-35 team.
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George L. Engel , 92
George Engel got the nickname "Flash" as a truck driver for L.J. Gardella Transportation in Norwalk, a career he undertook after serving in the United States Army in Korea. He loved jazz and was a drummer in local clubs, his obituary says. People still remember his Christmas decorations, his family says.
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Sandra Porter , 73
Sandra Porter "excelled at camping," her obituary says. She also liked playing Bingo and "making others laugh while still driving them crazy."
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Barbara Mary Vota , 79
Barbara Vota worked in the Norwalk school system for over 15 years, her obituary said. A Stamford native, she volunteered at the senior center in Norwalk and at her church, St. Philip's. "Barbara loved talking to everyone and had an uncanny ability to connect with others," her family wrote.
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Rita Robidoux , 91
Rita Robidoux lived all her life in Norwalk, her obituary said. Working for the old Southern New England Telephone Company, she helped them go from manual to computerized switchboards. She leaves several nieces and nephews; one niece, Karen Thifault of Norwalk, died 16 days before she did.
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Lawrence W. Littig , 81
Larry Littig led Bible study at Stanwich Congregational Church, "where his detailed examination of The Old Testament was admired by many," his obituary says. He volunteered at Norwalk Hospital and at the New Covenant Soup Kitchen in Stamford. He made a career trading municipal bonds, which first drew him East from his native Michigan.
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John Leland Swindler , 69
The son of a Marine, John Swindler was born in Norfolk, Va., and had lived in 12 places by the time he finished high school. He'd also owned his own coin shop by then, his obituary says. He had his left leg amputated when he was 21 after a hunting accident but later ran a marathon for charity. He took part in several clinical trials for Parkinson's Disease.
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Diana DeVito Swist , 80
"Deede" Swist worked at Clairol until her daughters were born, then later worked at Olin Corporation. Later in life, her obituary says, she returned to the church at St. John in Darien where "she sat in front to hear Mass and the choir, as well as joining the choir and friends for breakfast after Mass every Sunday."
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William F. Catugno , 86
Bill Catugno worked as a self-employed carpenter, his obituary says. He is survived by a son and six siblings; a son and three wives died before him.
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Robert K. Johnson , 81
Bob Johnson grew up in Norwalk, "where he developed his love of sports and the outdoors," his family wrote in his obituary: He enjoyed fishing and was a New York Rangers and Brooklyn Dodgers fan. Bob joined the Navy and served on the USS Forest Royal, a destroyer based in Guantanamo Bay, which served in the Cuban Missile Crisis blockade. He earned an MBA from Columbia and spent 40 years in finance.
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Stamford
Anthony Spadaccini , 54
Anthony Spadaccini was a well-liked and respected former Stamford representative known for asking tough questions and working across party lines for the good of his constituents. He and his wife, Stefanie, raised their two sons, Anthony and Paul, now grown, in the district Spadaccini went on to represent.
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John Michael Cappucci , 79
John Michael Cappucci, a retired accountant, battled âmany major illnessesâ over the last 19 years. His most recent battle, the obituary said, was with prostate cancer. Cappucci is survived by his wife, his two children, his niece, his mother-in-law, his brother-in-law and four grandchildren.
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Luisa Inez Rodriguez , 75
Luisa Inez Rodriguez was born in Bogota, Colombia, her obituary said. She once worked for Clairol and also worked for Unicco Cleaning Company.
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Bryson Kent Bowman , 59
Bryson Kent Bowman, of Stamford, was a school bus driver in Greenwich for the Student Transportation of America since 2017. He was an avid sports fan and always a cheerful person, colleagues said.
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Angelica Aparicio , 82
Angelica Aparicio was born in Iquitos, Peru, in 1938. She married Santiago Aparicio in 1966. He died in 2008. Her obituary said she was a cancer survivor. âShe loved to nurture friends, family and spread her devout faith as a Jehovahâs Witness,â the obituary said. Aparicio loved to cook and share recipes from her upbringing.
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Angelina âAngieâ Moccia , 91
Angelina Moccia, a longtime Stamford resident, loved spending time with her family, crossword puzzles, knitting and gardening, according to her obituary. She worked as an administrative clerk at The Property Group of Stamford until 2018. Moccia previously worked at St. Josephâs Hospital as a medical secretary, at Pitney Bowes and at several family businesses, including a deli, laundromat and hair salon. She also loved to travel, celebrating her 80th birthday with a trip to Las Vegas, and visiting family in Florida last year, her obituary said.
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Annette Possidento , 84
Annette Possidento was a woman who put others before herself and, according to her obituary, had a generous, kind-hearted spirit. âA smile was always brought to her face from time spent with her family, especially her grandchildren,â the obituary said. âShe enjoyed talking with her sisters, playing a good game of cards with her friends and always loved a warm, cozy sweater.â
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Gloria Dicosola , 91
Gloria Dicosola loved music and dancing. The New York native, and most recently a Stamford resident, loved hearing big bands near Times Square as a teenager, where she once met Frank Sinatra and eagerly demonstrated ballroom dancing âwith the least encouragement,â her obituary said. Dicosola also enjoyed playing the organ, trips to the casino and was known for sewing many of her own clothes.
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Gloria Dicosola , 91
Gloria Dicosola's lifelong love of dancing and music spanned decades and genres. She loved hearing big bands near Times Square as a teenager, where she once met Frank Sinatra, and eagerly demonstrated ballroom dancing âwith the least encouragement.â In December, she danced along with a hip-hop DJ at The SoNo Collection in Norwalk.
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William Trabakino , 63
Bill Trabakino saw his son, Carter, graduate from Syracuse recently. Friendships from the families of Carter's lacrosse and hockey teams were important to him, his obituary says. He worked in education, including 18 years at Fordham's Gabelli School of Business.
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Sean Evans , 44
Sean Evans was the proprietor of Cut Masters Barbershop in Stamford. He was an All-FCIAC football player at Stamford High. He leaves three daughters, his parents and other family, according to his obituary.
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Marilyn Rosalia Cumiskey , 88
Marilyn Rosalia Cumiskey, of Stamford, worked hard throughout her life; starting her professional career at NBC in New York City, and eventually spending many years as an office manager at Blaikie, Miller & Hines before retiring from General Reinsurance Company in 1993, according to her obituary. âShe loved the ocean, Ireland, dancing, chocolate, ice cream, white wine âwith ice,â animals of all kinds, the New York Rangers, the New York Yankees and any of her grandchildren's activities, especially Irish dance," her family said in her obituary.
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Mercedes Kulish , 93
Mercedes Kulish worked for the Navy as a teenager at the end of World War II. Born in Puerto Rico, she later worked for the City of Stamford and its board of education, her obituary said.
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Lorraine Russo , 91
Lorraine Russo lived in Stamford for all of her life, worked at Yale during World War II and raised two sons, according to her obituary. "She was a devoted wife and mother and took pleasure in being active in her children's lives, volunteering for various school and church functions,â family members said in her obituary.
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Jack Bryant , 63
Jack Bryant was elected to the Stamford Board of Education in November of 2019 and led the local chapter of the NAACP for a decade. A Westhill High School graduate, he would spend April Spring Break Week traveling with high school students to visit historically black colleges and universities. His stepson, Jamar Greene, is the head football coach at Stamford High School. Bryant never missed a game and was a regular on the Black Knights sidelines.
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Laurie Appell , 70
Laurie Appell received a nationally recognized Governor's Victory Award for her work in mental health advocacy. âLaurie was an excellent poet, but more than anything, she will be remembered for her kind heart and gentle soul and for her determination that all people should be treated with respect and dignity,â her obituary said.
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Ina Shaw Mirviss , 93
Ina Shaw Mirviss, a chemistry teacher at Westhill High School for 25 years, was a lifelong student and a devoted teacher, fondly remembered by students decades after they left her classroom. Mirviss was born in New York City, grew up in the Bronx and graduated from Hunter College in 1947. She earned a masterâs in biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin, where she met her husband Stan, also a graduate student in chemistry. A trained scientist, she was passionate about the subject, and devoted to sharing that with her students, her son said. Her efforts earned her state and national teaching honors, including work with the American Chemical Society on a new chemistry curriculum.
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Joseph Emilio Revolus , 79
Born in Haiti, Joseph Emilio Révolus came to New York City in 1976 and earned a degree in secondary education at Brooklyn College, his obituary says. He founded the Haitian Community Center of Stamford and was involved in many community organizations. He is survived by nine daughters and a son.
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Vito Frank Bova , 83
Vito Frank Bova, who was born on July 4, worked for 38 years at the Stamford Housing Authority. He was an avid NY Yankees fan, loved spending time with family, taking care of his cat and outdoor wildlife, according to his obituary.
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Roger Watts , 91
Monsignor Roger Watts was a longtime pastor of St. Cecilia Church in Stamford, but was originally from Fall River, Mass. He and his brother, the Rev. Albert Watts, were ordained together in 1959, and they were known as the âbrother priestsâ in the Diocese of Bridgeport. Roger Watts was an educator who also served as the spiritual director of the diocese. Early in his career, he was the principal at St. Mary School in Ridgefield, as well as a priest in the parish there. He also taught at Central Catholic High School in Norwalk.
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Richard Nowlin , 75
Richard Nowlin lived in Stamford all his life, his obituary says. He graduated from the old Rippowam High School in 1963. He joined the U.S. Navy soon after.
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Sue Colucci , 86
Sue Colucci was a lifetime resident of Stamford. âSue worked at Pitney Bowes where she retired in 1995. As well, Sue worked at the Italian Center in Stamford for several years as a banquet waitress,â her death notice said. âSue loved and was beloved by her family and friends for her sense of humor, kindness and generosity to others. While she loved a good card game, bingo, holidays and cooking, her favorite pastime was spending time with her family."
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Raquela Mesa-Acosta , 97
Raquela Mesa-Acosta was a sister for more than 70 years. At 19, Mesa-Acosta joined the religious order founded by Saint Laura Montoya, who is the first saint of Colombia, and even served as a personal assistant to Montoya in the saintâs later years.
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Vito DeVito , 94
MLB star Vito DeVito devoted himself to coaching in the area, serving as a teacher, coach and athletic administrator in the Milford school system and Yale University for four decades. In 1986, Foran named its athletic complex in his honor. DeVitoâs other awards include a West Haven Twilight League Gold Bat, the Connecticut High School Coaches Associationâs Lifetime Achievement Award, the Greater New Haven Diamond Club and New Haven Tap-Off Club Hall of Fame.
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Charles Bowler , 94
Charles Bowler owned Bowler's Cocktail Lounge, a music and entertainment spot, from 1966 to 1977, his obituary said. He served in the United States Army during World War II. He lived in Stamford for more than 70 years, buying a home there in 1965.
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Susan M. Colello , 62
Susan Colello never missed a Yankee game. She loved her cats, Princess and Baby, and she loved listening to Queen. Her family wrote about her eight-year battle with breast cancer in her obituary.
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Angela Canneto , 56
Angela Canneto was born in Girifalco in southern Italy. She moved to Stamford in her teens. She became an assistant branch manager for Patriot National Bank, her obituary says.
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Sylvia Corsi , 84
Sylvia Corsi was a medical assistant before she got married and reared two children. After that, she worked as a teacher's assistant in Stamford. She was a lifelong Yankees fan, her obituary says, and she liked following politics.
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Albert W. Watts , 88
Rev. Canon Albert W. Watts was a priest for over 60 years in Diocese of Bridgeport. His brother Roger Watts, who was also a monsignor in the Diocese of Bridgeport, died nearly a week earlier. The two brothers had been residing in the Queen of Clergy Residence in Stamford since their retirements in 1999. Both men, known to many as the âBrother Priests,â were ordained on the same day, June 5, 1959, in St. Augustine Cathedral in Bridgeport. Watts served as a pastor of St. Ambrose Parish in Bridgeport from 1977 to 1980.
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Mary Lou Oestmann Canning , 85
Mary Lou Canning was an office manager and bookkeeper for Educational Dimensions and Designs by Lee, and she "displayed a wonderful knack for solving problems," her obituary says. She lived in Stamford all her life, but she enjoyed going to Europe with her friends, too.
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Concetta Prisco , 98
Concetta Prisco was born in New York. Three daughters survive her, along with 10 grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren, her obituary says.
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Arthur P. Mostel , 85
Dr. Arthur Mostel was an obstetrician, first in private practice, then at Metropolitan Hospital in New York. He served two years in the military after his residency. He was involved in several community groups.
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Dolores Marie Jacobs , N/A
Dolores Jacobs' grandson, according to her obituary, said "she would laugh and tell stories, share family photos, and you never left hungry or empty handed or without a life lesson -- whether you wanted it or not." She worked at Pitney Bowes in graphic arts, then later at the information desk at Stamford Hospital. She was vice president of the Rosary Society at Holy Name of Jesus Church in Stamford.
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Octavio Bessa Jr. , 88
Born in Brazil, Dr. Octavio Bessa Jr. went to medical school in Curitiba and came to the Bronx to do a residency. He met his wife, Wanda, there, and they had four children. "He was always most happy sailing on his boat, 'En Passant,'" his family writes in his obituary.
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Robert Noack Parker , 97
Bob Parker was a tank gunner during World War II and participated in the Battle of the Bulge, his obituary said. He worked in the family travel business. Born in Norwalk, he moved to Stamford as a boy and lived there the rest of his life.
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Waterbury
Ronald Anthony Amicone , 76
Ronald Anthony Amicone served in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War, his obituary said. He was employed at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft âfor many years until his retirement,â and also enjoyed hunting and fishing.
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Elizabeth Batista , 57
Elizabeth Batista was a devout parishioner of Waterbury's Catholic churches, lately All Saints/Todos Los Santos after the recent reorganization. She sang in the choir, her obituary says.
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Torrin Howard , 26
Torrin Howard had plans of proposing to his high school sweetheart next month, on their 10-year anniversary. He also planned to return to Southern Connecticut State University in the fall to resume work on a bachelor's degree in social work. His dream was to earn a master's degree in counseling psychology and make a difference in the world. Howard was the bass player in a local gospel band called the Spiritual Souls along with family and friends.
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Yasmin Pena , 18
Yasmin Pena, a senior at Waterbury Arts Magnet School, was vivacious, involved in just about everything and passionate about art. She loved performing, and in her last production, "The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)," âyou could just see her bubbly personality, her just pure energy,â her sister recalled.
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Domingos Henriques , 69
Domingos Henriques was a business owner and former Danbury resident. Originally from Portugal, he was a hard-working and skilled carpenter, according to his obituary.
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John Joseph Thompson Jr. , 75
A graduate of Kaynor Tech, John Thompson Jr. worked at Rafferty Brown Steel and St. Pierre Faux Painting, his obituary said. He was also a bartender. He leaves a son and three daughters among other family.
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Rita Noonan , 91
Rita Noonan was the youngest of 13 children from a family from far-northern Maine, her obituary says, and she'd host picnics for the family when they'd come down here. "These events were full of yodeling, dancing, laughter and singing." She was a quality control inspector for Pfizer for 34 years.
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Mary Eileen Byrnes , 91
Eileen Byrnes worked several jobs after graduating from Wilby High School, then took over as owner-operator of Connecticut Precision Electro Plating in 1973 after her husband, George Byrnes Sr., died. She sang with a swing band as a teenager, her obituary says, and she enjoyed the theater, especially musicals.
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Santina DeLucia , 87
Dolly DeLucia lived in Waterbury most of her life until a recent move to Torrington, her obituary says. The youngest of nine, she worked for 35 years at Stop & Shop. She and her husband, Pat, who died in 1990, enjoyed a vacation cabin in Vermont. Her family says she'd bring them together for Sunday dinners.
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Elizabeth "Tina" Kelly , 91
A lifelong Waterbury resident, Elizabeth "Tina" Kelly was the daughter of immigrants from Calabria, Italy, her obituary said. She was an administrative assistant at Craftsman Litho for 35 years and later was the receptionist for Mayor Michael Jarjura's office. Her family wrote about her famous lasagna and pies.
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Mariah Reid Daly , 77
Born in Waterbury, Mariah Daly lived most of her life in Boston after studying nursing there. She was in nursing for 45 years, but she was also involved in the arts, honored more than once at the Beacon Hill Art Walk, her obituary says. She was on the board of her local branch of the Boston Public Library and she wrote a book for children with diabetes.
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Morgan J. Costello , 75
A graduate of Sacred Heart High School in his native Waterbury, Morgan Costello attended Boston College, then served in the United States Marine Corps in Vietnam, his obituary says. He helped start a Vietnam veterans group at his alma mater. He taught for 35 years at Milton (Mass.) High School and was once football coach there.
Read full obituary here
Carmella Gilda Rinaldi , 86
Before she retired in 1996, Carmella Rinaldi worked as a seamstress at LeClair Bridal Salon, her obituary said. A native of Italy, she was a former member of the South Congregational Senior Center and, her family wrote, an "avid cook."
Read full obituary here
Ronald LeBlanc , 68
Ronnie LeBlanc worked many years as a machinist for the Draher Machine Company, his obituary said, but he also had a few other jobs. He liked playing and listening to music. He leaves his mother and sister, among other family.
Read full obituary here
Helen M. Poplis , 94
Helen Poplis "had a great fondness for cats," her family wrote in her obituary. "She was a sweet, gentle person who always saw the good in everyone." She grew up in Watertown and worked at a couple of manufacturing companies over her career.
Read full obituary here
Jeanne Farrell , 84
A longtime Waterbury teacher, Jeanne Farrell "liked to joke that she could never make it out of first grade," her family wrote in her obituary. She later moved to Massachusetts to be nearer her daughter. "Nothing made her happier than a Red Sox win and Yankee loss," her obituary says.
Read full obituary here
Richard T. Stack , 86
Richard Stack served in the United States Army during the Korean War, then worked as a design drafting checker for Eaton Corporation, his obituary said. He enjoyed history documentaries, especially on World War II, and rooted for the New York Yankees.
Read full obituary here
Carmela D'Amico , 71
Carmela D'Amico "was always happiest surrounded by her family," they write in her obituary. She was born in Italy and came to the Waterbury area in 1969. She leaves her husband of 55 years, Antonio, among other family.
Read full obituary here
Peggy Anne Perry McIntosh , 60
Peggy McIntosh was born in New Haven and earned an associate degree in early childhood education, her obituary says. She worked in Waterbury's public schools. She leaves two children and her husband; her daughter Natasha died on March 24.
Read full obituary here
Ophelia Laroux Vanasse , 86
Ophelia "Sis" Vanasse grew up in the woods of northwest Louisiana and became high school valedictorian, her obituary says, then went to nursing school and met her husband at his Air Force base. They settled in Naugatuck. She volunteered widely, gave blood often, and co-owned the Naugatuck Driving School with husband Jim.
Read full obituary here
Frank Tirino , 77
Frank Tirino was married to his wife, Teresa, for 55 years. She died nine days before he did. A native of Italy, he worked for Platt Brothers in Waterbury, his obituary says. He and Teresa enjoyed watching their grandsons' high school football games and family trips to Ocean City, Md.
Read full obituary here
West Hartford
Nicholas Michael Staphos Jr. , 76
Nicholas Michael Staphos Jr., who lived in Hartford for much of his life, excelled in music, writing and drawing and was a linotype operator by profession, his obituary said. He was living at Saint Mary Home before he died.
Read full obituary here
Pola Goldsher , 97
Pola Goldsher was born in Poland at the end of 1922. "She was the quintessential stubborn 'my way or the highway' Holocaust survivor-mother," her family wrote in her obituary. "An immigrants' immigrant: work, cook dinner, wash, iron, clean, then do it again, again... Everything looted by Nazis, so Non-tactile love was provided in form of clothing, food, shelter."
Read full obituary here
Joyce Ann Christiana , 86
Joyce Ann Christiana opened two hair salons, her obituary said. She then went on to become a distinguished jewelry designer and wholesaler. âFamily, holidays and traditions were most important to Joyce. Most notably, the entire family would come together to make homemade ravioli at Christmas and (that) has been carried on by her children,â according to her obituary.
Read full obituary here
Andrea Ruth Ludgin , 81
Raised in West Hartford, Andrea Ludgin was born in Boston to parents from Hartford and lived on the Upper East Side of Manhattan for 50 years. Ludgin worked in Manhattan as a secretary at Merrill Lynch, then as the personal secretary to family and copyright lawyer Alexander Lindey. She earned two master's degrees.
Read full obituary here
Jim William Walker , 78
Jim Walker came from a big family that will remember him as a "loyal brother, father and friend," his obituary says. Once a machinist at a tool and die shop, he liked working on cars and enjoyed fishing.
Read full obituary here
Paul E. Tausche , 93
Working in international sales and international programs for General Electric, Paul Tausche visited more than 140 countries. "He would share with the family exciting stories of his journeys that spanned most cultures of the world, geographical wonders," his family wrote in his obituary, "and experiencing a collection of coups and even the start of one war."
Read full obituary here
Arthur French , 92
Art French moved to Maryland in 1969 to work for Wiremold, his obituary says, but grew up in Connecticut. He attended what was then the Kingswood School and captained the 1945 team that scored 143 points and allowed only six (and those six came late in the last game of an undefeated season). He served in the U.S. Army in Japan at the end of World War II, then came home to attend Trinity College.
Read full obituary here
Arlene MacIntyre , 84
A lifelong West Hartford resident, Arlene MacIntyre had a career as a medical secretary, her obituary says. She was also in many community organizations. She enjoyed crafts and crocheting and trips to Maine in the summers.
Read full obituary here
Norma Bursack , 92
Norma Bursack "always marked special occasions with personalized poems," her obituary says. Born in Connecticut, she moved to Israel in 1949, a year after the country was born. She was later a single mother who worked at the Jewish Foundation of Greater Hartford.
Read full obituary here
Reyna B. Meltzer , 92
Reyna Meltzer came back to Connecticut in 1964 with her husband, Dick Feldman, where they raised their three sons. She was "a superb needlecrafter," her obituary says. "She shared her expertise with friends and customers in her business The Crafty Needle."
Read full obituary here
Samuel T. Tellar , 83
A Hartford native, Samuel Tellar worked for the Hartford Courant for 30 years, then started a hot dog business. He liked to play cards at the Knights of Pythias, his obituary said. He leaves four children and a large extended family.
Read full obituary here
Fannie Mildred Gaston , 87
Fannie Gaston worked for Aetna in Middletown, the Salvation Army Marshall House in Hartford and at her daughter-in-law's day care. "She had a love for butterflies, mugs and candy, but her greatest love was her family!" they write in her obituary. She loved reading, travel and, her family emphasized, shopping.
Read full obituary here
Patricia Juers , 91
Pat Juers was a nurse at McCook Hospital, then became a bookkeeper at several companies in the Hartford area. She enjoyed traveling around the country. "She was a fashionista and a stickler for proper English, followed politics and enjoyed a well-made Manhattan," her family wrote in her obituary.
Read full obituary here
LeRoy Joseph Spaniol , 81
Born in Milwaukee as one of 10 children, LeRoy Spaniol worked for more than 40 years in mental health in various roles, including 31 years as a Boston University professor. He wrote 18 books, founded the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal and co-founded the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation.
Read full obituary here
Augusta V. Apter , 104
Gus Apter taught blind high school and college students using a braille typewriter to create educational material. She taught at several schools around the Hartford area, spending almost 20 years at Solomon Schechter Day School. She was once a vice president in charge of Jewish education for Hadassah, and was a puppeteer for HARC's "Kids on the Block" program, her obituary said.
Read full obituary here
Joan E. Baird , 88
Joan Baird and her family moved from Queens to Connecticut in 1968 after her husband's job brought them here. "She made West Hartford her new hometown," her family wrote in her obituary, "although she remained an avid Yankees fan." She worked for Lord and Taylor, then for America Nuclear Insurers.
Read full obituary here
West Haven
Joseph Collucci , 88
Joseph Collucci, a bowling and golf enthusiast, was a New York Yankees fan; a tough man who worked in machine shops when he was younger. Then he owned Joeâs Wine & Spirits, a liquor store on George Street in New Haven, for 20 years, before unloading it and spending 15 years commuting to Groton to work as a submarine inspector at Electric Boat.
Read full obituary here
Mary Nestor Radziszewski , 83
Mary Nestor Radziszewski, of West Haven, grew up in New Havenâs Cedar Hill neighborhood and lived her life in service to others, family members said in her obituary.
Read full obituary here
Richard Louis Rettig , 86
Richard Rettig met his wife, Catherine, at a bus stop in 1952, and they were together ever since, his obituary said. He was a 40-year volunteer fireman and a 35-year postal employee. He also served in the United States Navy during the Korean War.
Read full obituary here
Victor M. Borras , 71
Victor M. Borras moved to West Haven in 2011. He liked to take photos of the beach and flowers.
Read full obituary here
Alexander Stamatien , 93
Alexander Stamatien lived in West Haven for his entire life, raising five children with Doreen, his wife of 45 years. He learned his trade in the electrical field by fixing arcade machines at Savin Rock Amusement Park, then went on to work in his professional life by âcreating and operating the West Haven Electric Company, serving as the Electrical Inspector for the City of West Haven for 30 years, and instructing for the CT Board of Education 90 IBEW,â his obituary said.
Read full obituary here
George Forte , 86
George Forte was a fan of the Baltimore Orioles, UConn basketball and the WNBA. "Due to the cancellation of college basketball and (Major League Baseball), George thought it best to depart this world," his obituary says. He worked at FMR Grinding Wheel Corp. in West Haven and later was a restaurant associate.
Read full obituary here
Peter Crisanti , 84
Peter Crisanti served in the Army in Fort Knox, Kentucky, and in Germany. After his service, he worked for many years as a shipping and receiving manager, his obituary said. âHe was a lifelong Yankees fan and enjoyed entertaining his family by playing his guitar and mandolin at family gatherings,â his obituary said.
Read full obituary here
June D. Battista , 86
June Battista's obituary calls her "a dedicated homemaker," raising her family, helping raise her grandchildren and finally getting to enjoy eight great-grandchildren. She and her late husband, Albert, were married 60 years.
Read full obituary here
Anna (Masserelli) Barone , 100
Anna Masserelli Barone was born in Patterson, NJ and recently celebrated her 100th birthday surrounded by family and friends, her obituary said. She was a loving mother and wife, and a devout Catholic parishioner of Saint Anthony Church. She and her late husband Pasquale ran many fundraisers and enjoyed maintaining the rectory, the church, and the grounds. Additionally, Anna was a member of several societies and looked forward to the annual feast where she made peaches and wine, and espresso; she ran that booth for several years. She was a dedicated volunteer for the Cooley's Anemia Foundation, according to her obituary.
Read full obituary here
|
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
|
2
| 80 |
https://www.wcax.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
en
|
Otis Redding III, who followed father into music, dies at 59
|
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[
"Otis Redding III",
"Otis Redding",
"Redding family",
"Dexter Redding",
"The Reddings"
] | null |
[
"Associated Press"
] |
2023-04-19T00:00:00
|
Otis Redding III and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
|
en
|
//webpubcontent.gray.tv/gray/arc-fusion-assets/images/favicons/wcax/favicon.ico?d=420
|
https://www.wcax.com
|
https://www.wcax.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
MACON, Ga. (AP) — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,’” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
|
||||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
2
| 38 |
https://www.news5cleveland.com/otis-redding-iii-son-of-the-king-of-soul-dies-at-59
|
en
|
Otis Redding III, son of the King of Soul, dies at 59
|
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[
"entertainment",
"u.s."
] | null |
[
"Scripps News Staff"
] |
2023-04-19T16:11:53-04:00
|
Despite being overshadowed by his father's legacy, Redding III was a talented musician in his own right, and his music was a testament to his father.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
News 5 Cleveland WEWS
|
https://scrippsnews.com/stories/otis-redding-iii-son-of-the-king-of-soul-dies-at-59/
|
Otis Redding III, son of the legendary soul singer Otis Redding, died at 59 after a battle with cancer, his sister announced Wednesday on social media.
Born on Dec. 17, 1964, in Macon, Georgia, Otis was just three years old when his father died in a plane crash, but that didn't stop him from inheriting his father's love for music.
By the age of nine, Redding played guitar in the band Father's Pride and started working at a local record store two years later.
In 1975, the youngest Redding and his older brother, Dexter, created a new funk band called The Reddings and went on to release six records throughout the 1980s. Their biggest hit, "Remote Control," landed them on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and peaked at #6 on the Soul chart, but their music never matched the success of their father's.
Redding continued to perform and later was hired as a guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, who encouraged him to start singing his father's songs.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... sing one of your daddy’s songs,” Redding said in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV. "So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals."
Despite being overshadowed by his father's legacy, Redding III was a talented musician in his own right, and his music was a testament to his father and the impact he had on the world of music.
He was also actively involved in his family's philanthropic organization, The Otis Redding Foundation, and participated in an annual camp dedicated to mentoring children with musical aspirations.
The Redding family has requested the public respect their privacy during this difficult time. Funeral arrangements have not yet been announced.
Redding's father also has a connection to Cleveland and News 5. Fifty-five years ago Otis Redding gave his last television performance ever at the News 5 studios before his tragic and untimely death.
RELATED: Otis Redding sang in Cleveland the last time before his tragic death 55 years ago today
Otis Redding's last performance, 55 years ago today
Trending stories at Scrippsnews.com
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
|
3
| 74 |
https://www.thebozho.com/otis-redding-died-madison-50-years-ago-today/
|
en
|
Otis Redding died in Madison 50 years ago today
|
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] | null |
[
"Tom Whitcomb"
] |
2017-12-10T17:01:51+00:00
|
The 26-year-old soul singer was on the cusp of superstardom before a fatal plane crash into Lake Monona on Dec. 10, 1967.
|
en
|
The Bozho
|
https://www.thebozho.com/otis-redding-died-madison-50-years-ago-today/
|
1967 was a pretty rough year for Madison. Coined the “summer of our discontent” by Madison Magazine, by early December residents had already seen a pair of riots, a slew of racial tension and the deaths of 10 local men in Vietnam. But for as awful as all those things were, none of them stand out quite like Dec. 10, the day Otis Redding’s plane crashed into Lake Monona.
By all accounts, Redding was bound for superstardom. The 26-year-old soul singer had just wowed the crowds at the Monterey Pop Festival in June and was hard at work on a song called “(Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay.” Redding was convinced it was going to be a huge, career-defining hit. It was, but he wouldn’t live to see it.
“When he died, Otis was really on the verge of a major breakthrough in terms of his audience,” says Craig Werner, a professor of African-American Studies at UW-Madison and author of A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America. “Particularly when he had been at Monterey, he reached a much, much larger white audience than he ever had previously. And he’d done it without alienating his black audience.”
Redding was something previously unseen in pop music: an unapologetically black artist with undeniable crossover appeal. In addition to his own soul standards, Redding flirted with rock music, covering songs by The Beatles and The Rolling Stones on his studio albums. Essentially, he was a rock star, albeit one rooted in gospel and soul rather than, uh, “skiffle.”
And so, in the middle of a meteoric rise to fame, Redding and his band The Bar-Kays were scheduled to play two shows in Madison at The Factory, a club located at 315 W. Gotham Street (now A Room of One’s Own bookstore). They took off from Cleveland in Otis’ plane on the morning of Dec. 10, 1967 but crashed into a frigid Lake Monona just four miles from landing. The crash — the exact cause of which has never been determined — also claimed the lives of pilot Richard Fraser, valet Matthew Kelly, and Bar-Kays members Jimmy King, Phalon Jones, Ronnie Caldwell and Carl Cunningham. There was one survivor: trumpet player Ben Cauley, who died in 2015 at age 67.
Incidentally, in a bit of bitter irony, the opening act for The Factory gig was a band called The Grim Reapers, a group that included future Cheap Trick guitarist and noted hat enthusiast Rick Nielsen.
Divers recovered Redding’s body the next day, still strapped into his seat. His death stunned not just Madison but the music community worldwide. Redding was a workmanlike artist who finally had the world watching him, only to have it all cut short. He hadn’t scored his first major hit yet.
“The thing that people don’t realize about Otis is that he never had a big hit during his lifetime,” Werner says. “‘The Dock of the Bay’ was his first really big hit, and that was after he was gone.”
Recorded shortly before the crash, “(Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay” reached No. 1 on the Billboard charts, and time cemented Redding’s legacy as one of the greatest singers in the history of pop music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, and pieces of the Beechcraft 18 plane that plunged into Lake Monona are on display there.
“He provided a vision of how you could take that African-American tradition and, without compromising it, speak to everybody,” says Werner. “I think many more black artists [today] are able to simply be themselves and use their tradition without cutting the difference.”
A plaque at Monona Terrace that honors Redding contains a lengthy inscription that includes this passage:
On the morning of the flight to Madison, Redding had been warned of bad weather and was advised to postpone his trip. His loyalty to his Madison fans forced him to proceed. It was the only engagement of his career that he ever missed.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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1
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https://www.the-sun.com/entertainment/7917078/otis-redding-iii-dead-singer-cancer/
|
en
|
Otis Redding III dead at 59: Singer who followed legendary dad into music die after cancer battle
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"Chris Bradford"
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2023-04-20T03:36:30-04:00
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THE son of legendary singer Otis Redding has died after a battle with cancer.Otis Redding III, who followed his dad into music, passed away in a hospi
|
en
|
The US Sun
|
https://www.the-sun.com/entertainment/7917078/otis-redding-iii-dead-singer-cancer/
|
THE son of legendary singer Otis Redding has died at 59 after a battle with cancer.
Otis Redding III, who followed his dad into music, died in a hospital in Macon, Georgia at 59.
On Wednesday, his sister Karla Redding-Andrews posted on Facebook: “It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening.”
Redding was just three years old when his dad was killed in a plane crash in Wisconsin in December 1967.
He and his sibling Dexter formed the band The Reddings, which produced six No. 1 albums in the 1980s.
The band recorded its final album in 1988, but Redding's career in music continued.
The renowned R&B and soul singer Eddie Floyd hired Redding as a guitarist when he was on a European tour.
In a 2018 interview with Maine-based NBC affiliate WCSH, Redding recalled the moment when Floyd told him they would perform his father's 1967 iconic track (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay.
Redding also performed gigs and tribute concerts that honored his dad.
He told WCSH: "No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know it's like 'sing one of your daddy's songs.'"
Redding's death comes just years after he had surgery for prostate cancer in 2018.
He told local ABC affiliate WSB that year: "Any time you hear the word you have a life-threatening disease like cancer, it gets to you mentally."
Redding's father Otis Redding was nicknamed the "King of Soul" and is a soul music and R&B legend.
He won two Grammy Awards for (Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay in 1969 - two years after his death.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
| 96 |
https://www.wsmv.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
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en
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Otis Redding III, who followed father into music, dies at 59
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[
"Otis Redding III",
"Otis Redding",
"Redding family",
"Dexter Redding",
"The Reddings"
] | null |
[
"Associated Press"
] |
2023-04-19T00:00:00
|
Otis Redding III and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
|
en
|
//webpubcontent.gray.tv/gray/arc-fusion-assets/images/favicons/wsmv/favicon.ico?d=420
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https://www.wsmv.com
|
https://www.wsmv.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
MACON, Ga. (AP) — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,’” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
|
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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0
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http://www.wireimage.com/search/
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
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https://www.pressherald.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-at-59/
|
en
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Otis Redding III, who followed father into music, dies at 59
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"Associated Press"
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2023-04-19T00:00:00
|
Otis Redding III was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967.
|
Press Herald
|
https://www.pressherald.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-at-59/
|
MACON, Ga. — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,'” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’ ”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like … ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’ ” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
« Previous
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
| 4 |
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soul-legend-otis-redding-dies-in-a-plane-crash-near-madison-wisconsin
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Soul legend Otis Redding dies in a plane crash near Madison, Wisconsin
|
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Missy Sullivan"
] |
2009-11-16T09:44:00+00:00
|
When he left his final recording session in Memphis, Otis Redding intended to return soon to the song he’d been working on—he still had to replace a whistled verse thrown in as a placeholder with additional lyrics that he’d yet to write. In the meantime, however, there was a television appearance to make in Cleveland, […]
|
en
|
HISTORY
|
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soul-legend-otis-redding-dies-in-a-plane-crash-near-madison-wisconsin
|
When he left his final recording session in Memphis, Otis Redding intended to return soon to the song he’d been working on—he still had to replace a whistled verse thrown in as a placeholder with additional lyrics that he’d yet to write. In the meantime, however, there was a television appearance to make in Cleveland, followed by a concert in Madison, Wisconsin. On its final approach to Madison on December 10, 1967, however, the private plane carrying soul-music legend Otis Redding would crash into the frigid waters of a small lake three miles short of the runway, killing seven of the eight men aboard, including Redding. “Sittin’ On The Dock Of The Bay” would be released in its “unfinished” form several weeks later, with Redding’s whistled verse a seemingly indispensable part of the now-classic record. It would soon become history’s first posthumous #1 hit and the biggest pop hit of Redding’s career.
In the six months leading up to his death, Otis Redding had gone from one great success to another. In June, Aretha Franklin had taken a cover version of his song “Respect” all the way to #1 on the pop charts. Later that same month, the adulation of the young audience of rock fans at the Monterey International Pop Festival had transformed him into an icon of the blossoming counterculture thanks to his blistering, now-legendary live performance there. But if Otis Redding was only beginning to gain momentum within the largely white mainstream in 1967, he was already a giant in the world of soul music.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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0
| 56 |
https://www.sgvtribune.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150416/steve-smith-grateful-dead-add-more-california-shows-twisted-sister-to-retire/
|
en
|
Steve Smith: Grateful Dead add more California shows, Twisted Sister to retire
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2015-04-16T16:01:11+00:00
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The Grateful Dead added a pair of concerts to its final 50th anniversary Fare Thee Well Tour. Originally three gigs were set at Chicago’s 61,500-capacity Soldier Field over the Fourth of July weekend. Those shows sold out instantly as more than a half-million ticket orders were received.The new shows will take place in June 27-28 […]
|
en
|
San Gabriel Valley Tribune
|
https://www.sgvtribune.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150416/steve-smith-grateful-dead-add-more-california-shows-twisted-sister-to-retire/
|
The Grateful Dead added a pair of concerts to its final 50th anniversary Fare Thee Well Tour. Originally three gigs were set at Chicago’s 61,500-capacity Soldier Field over the Fourth of July weekend. Those shows sold out instantly as more than a half-million ticket orders were received.
The new shows will take place in June 27-28 near the band’s home in San Francisco, at Levi’s Stadium, home of the San Francisco 49ers, in Santa Clara. Organizers said 65,000 tickets each night were available, but it’s anticipated that these shows also sold out immediately.
As with the Chicago gigs, the four main surviving Dead members, singer-guitarist Bob Weir, bassist Phil Lesh and drummers Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann, will be joined by Phish singer-guitarist Trey Anastasio, former Dead singer-pianist Bruce Hornsby and keyboardist Jeff Chimenti, who plays in Weir’s band Ratdog and has played in The Grateful Dead’s post-1995 groups The Dead and Furthur.
The Kinks win big
The Kinks-inspired West End musical, “Sunny Afternoon,” was the big winner at Britain’s version of Broadway’s Tony Awards, the 39th annual Olivier Awards in London, reports NME. The show picked up four awards, including Best New Musical.
The production’s stars, John Dagleish and George Macguire, who play The Kinks founding brothers, Ray and Dave Davies, respectively, were awarded Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor awards in the musical category. Davies himself won for Outstanding Achievement in Music for the show’s score, which is comprised of music from The Kinks catalog.
Upon accepting his award, the 70-year-old Davies explained, “Without people, we have no plays, we have no films. People are the source of my material. (So) the next time you are sitting in a park somewhere and you see me looking at you, don’t phone the police. I’m just (thinking about) writing about you.”
NME also reports that the Davies brothers, whose fights over the decades are notorious, have put most of their animosity behind them and have begun to work together on new songs.
Jagger and Richards on retirement
The Rolling Stones braintrust, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, both 71, have no plans to retire, each said in separate interviews with Rolling Stone magazine. Both men said they want to record a new Stones album in the near future.
When asked about quitting it for a life of ease, Jagger said, “Nah, not (at) the moment. I’m thinking about what the next tour is. I’m planning the next set of tours. So, the answer is, no.”
Richards was asked whether he sees the end of Stones tours. “No, I never think about that. As long as I feel like it and there’s people to listen to it, we’ll do it,” was his reply.
As for a new Stones album, Jagger said, “It would e very nice to make a new album. I’ve got a lot of new songs … which I would love to record, so let’s hope so.” Richards agreed, “We’re talking about doing some recording after this tour. I’d like to get the boys back in the studio again.”
As for The Stones’ next tour, the 15-show Zip Code Tour of North America kicks off May 24 at Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres.
Twisted Sister to retire
After four decades off and on, heavy metal hair band Twisted Sister is calling it quits. In the wake of the death last month of the band’s longtime drummer, A.J. Pero, at age 55, the group that was ranked No. 73 on VH1’s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock announced that they will embark on their final tour with Dream Theaters’ Mike Portnoy replacing Pero, reports TMZ.
The eight-date “Forty and F*** It Tour” kicks off May 30 at the Joint at the Hard Rock Hotel in Las Vegas as part of “Metal Meltdown” with Extreme, Great White, and Skid Row. The concert will be filmed. The band’s only other U.S. gig will be a Pero tribute concert on June 14 at the Starland Ballroom in New Jersey. The remaining six shows in July and July will be in Europe.
Twisted Sister, led by Dee Snyder, is known fir it’s three gold singles in 1984-1985, “We’re Not Gonna Take It,” “I Wanna Rock” and their cover of The Shangri-Las’ 1964 classic, “Leader of the Pack.”
Beatles breakup hit Ringo hard
Despite being the Beatle with the most hits in the four years following that group’s breakup in 1970, The Fab Four’s breakup nonetheless hit Ringo Starr very hard. I an interview with the Times of London, the 74-year-old drummer, whose latest album, “Postcards from Paradise,” has just been released, that he spent much of the ‘70s and ‘80s drunk as a skunk because of it.”
“I was drunk. Some of those years are absolutely gone,” he says. He adds, “I was mad (about the breakup). For 20 years.” He and wife Barbara Bach got sober together in 1988 and have remained that way.
This weekend, Paul McCartney will induct Ringo into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. This will be his second induction as he was first inducted as a member of The Beatles in 1988, their first year of eligibility (artists must wait 25 years after the release of their first records).
In October, Ringo and his All-Starr Band are hitting the road again on a 21-date tour with possibly more shows to be added.
Record Store Day
April 18 is the annual Record Store Day. The event was created in 2007 to celebrate “the culture of the independently owned record store.” Records by some of the biggest names in music are offered in special limited vinyl releases in support of the day. One example is Paul McCartney, who is releasing his original soundtrack to the 1966 film, “The Family Way,” that has been out of print for decades.
Among the rare releases includes: Gregg Allman; The Animals; Pink Floyd founder Syd Barrett with R.E.M.; Jeff Beck; The Bee Gees; Blue Oyster Cult; David Bowie; Johnny Cash; James Cotton; Country Joe and The Fish, Otis Redding; and The Replacements, among others.
For a complete list of releases and the find the nearest participating independent record store, go to www.recordstoreday.com.
Lost songs from Linda Ronstadt, Emmylou Harris and Dolly Parton due
Superstars Linda Ronstadt, Emmylou Harris and Dolly Parton first recorded together in 1987. Their LP, “Trio” was a blockbuster hit, selling 4 million copies and winning a pair of Grammy’s. That album featured an all-star team of backing musicians, including guitarists Ry Cooder and Albert Lee, bassist Lee Sklar, drummer Russ Kunkel, all-around musician David Lindley, fiddler Mark O’Connor, banjo player Herb Pederson, and pianist Bill Payne. A dozen years later, they teamed up again for its sequel, “Trio II.”
Parton tells CMT that an album of previously unreleased songs from those earlier sessions has been in the works for awhile. “Emmylou has been working on this for a long time. I just got a note from Emmy and Linda saying that they had signed off on it, so it’s gonna happen.” Parton added that she expects the album will be released later this year.
Zappa’s last album to be released
“Dance Me This,” the last album Frank Zappa was working on prior to his death but that remained unreleased will be finally be issued in June, reports Britain’s Guardian. Zappa died of prostate cancer at age 52 in December 1993.
At the time, Zappa told Guitar Magazine that the album was, “a Synclavier album (an early digital synthesizer)…which is designed to be used by modern dance groups.” He mentioned that he planned on releasing the album the following June, but that didn’t happen. Over the decades, a ton of previously unreleased Zappa material has been released and this project was pretty much forgotten, until Zappa’s widow, Gail, mentioned it a few years ago.
Sammy Hagar, Metallica’s James Hetfield lead SF benefits
Sammy Hagar and Metallica leader James Hetfield will headline “Acoustic-4-A-Cure” benefit concert on May 15 at the Masonic in San Francisco, according to the San Francisco Chronicle. Joining the pair will be Alice In Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell, Pat Monahan of Train, 4-Non Blondes Linda Perry and Hagar’s bandmates in his Chickenfoot supergroup, Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith and guitar king Joe Satriani. The concert benefits children’s brain tumor research at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital.
Updates: Jon Bon Jovi, Josh Groban, Journey’s drummer, Billy Ray Cyrus
Big-voiced operatic pop singer Josh Groban will sing the national anthem at this year’s Kentucky Derby on May 2 at Churchill Downs racetrack in Louisville.
New Jersey’s own, Jon Bon Jovi, will give the commencement address to the 2015 graduating class at Rutgers Universality — Camden ceremony on May 21 at the Susquehanna Bank Center in New Jersey.
Journey’s drummer since 1998, Dean Castronovo, heard about a fire at South Albany High School in Albany, Oregon. Classrooms, including the school’s band and choir rooms were burned along with instruments, sheet music and other music-related items. So the native Oregonian and his wife donated $10,000 to the rebuilding fund.
“It’s just heartbreaking; it’s a mess,” said the 49-year-old drumme. “Me and my wife Deidra, both knew in our hearts it was the right thing to do. I would to (meet with and) talk to the kids; give them some encouragement. It’s a disappointing loss and a bummer all around.”
Country rocker Billy Ray Cyrus of “Achy Breaky Heart” fame created a sitcom, “Still the King,” that will on CMT in which he’ll play an Elvis impersonator who becomes a minister who preaches at a church outside Nashville. The series will air next season.
Obit: R&B legend Percy Sledge
Soul balladeer Percy Sledge died in a Baton Rouge, Louisiana, hospice at 74, according to CNN. The country coroner said he died of natural causes, but he noted that Sledge was in the hospice for cancer. Sledge was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2005.
The recipient of the inaugural Rhythm and Blues Foundation’s Career Achievement Award in 1989 is known for his 1966 debut single, “When a Man Loves a Woman” that hit No. 1 on Billboard’s Hot 100 pop singles chart as well as its R&B chat and also in Canada. In Britain, the 45 peaked at No. 4. Later that year, he hit No. 20 with “It Tears me Up” (No. 7 R&B) and he scored one more hit, in 1968 with “Take Time to Know Her” that made it to No. 11 on the Hot 100 and No. 6 on the R&B chart.
New Releases
Among the recently released albums, digital issues, MP3 downloads and box sets are “Live from the Canterbury Fayre” from Jack Bruce, recorded in 2002, that sees the former Cream singer-bassist running through that band’s classics “White Room, “Sunshine f Your Love” and “Politician” as well as his well-known solo number, “Theme for an Imaginary Western”; and “Heavy Blues” from The Guess Who and Bachman-Turner Overdrive founding singer-guitarist Randy Bachman sees him joined by fellow guitarists Neil Young, Joe Bonamassa, Robert Randolph and Peter Frampton.
“Carnegie Hall 1971” from Canned Heat with John Lee Hooker sees the L.A. blues-rock giants deliver their hit “Let’s Work Together” and five other workouts; “Second Hand Heart” is the 14th studio album since 1986 from Bakersfield country singer Dwight Yoakam includes his rocking take on the 1913 folk song, “Man of Constant Sorrow”; a 2-CD import, “Rock Goes to College February 25 1980 University of London Union” from former Procol Harum guitarist Robin Trower includes his FM radio hits “Day of the Eagle,” “Little Bit of Sympathy” and “Bridge of Sighs.”
“Hey Ho Let’s Go: Legendary Live Broadcast” sees punk deities The Ramones buzz through 34 songs on a single CD, including “Do You Believe in Rock and Roll Radio?,” “The KKK Took My Baby Away,” the their 90 MPH takes on “Surfin’ Bird,” “Do You Wanna Dance” and Dylan’s “My Back Pages”; and the 12-song “Love Somebody” is the first studio album in five years from country queen Reba McEntire and features a duet with Sugarland’s Jennifer Nettles on “Enough.”
Steve Smith writes a new classic pop, rock and country music news column every week. Contact him by email at [email protected].
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https://www.smoothradio.com/features/death-soul-legend-otis-redding/
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The tragic death of soul legend Otis Redding
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2022-04-07T13:09:27+01:00
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Soul legend Otis Redding died in a plane crash near Madison when he was just 26-years-old.
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en
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/assets_v4r/smooth/img/favicon-16x16.png
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Smooth
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https://www.smoothradio.com/features/death-soul-legend-otis-redding/
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Soul legend Otis Redding died in a plane crash near Madison when he was just 26-years-old.
Otis Redding was one of the most popular soul musicians in the 1960s, capturing the nation with his stunning vocal range.
But his time was tragically cut short when he was killed in a plane crash on December 10th 1967 at the age of just 26-years-old.
Here’s a look back at his life and death…
Otis Redding's 10 greatest songs ever, ranked
Watch 13-year-old UK girl wow America's Got Talent with amazing Otis Redding cover
The Story of... 'Dock of the Bay' by Otis Redding
Otis was born in Dawson, Georgia, and had his first taste of music stardom at age 15 when he worked with Little Richard's backing band, the Upsetters.
Here, he performed in talent shows at the historic Douglass Theatre in Macon, before he joined Johnny Jenkins's band, the Pinetoppers in 1958 and toured the Southern states.
Things changed for Otis in 1962, when he made an unscheduled appearance on a Stax recording session and bagged a contract and his first hit single, 'These Arms of Mine'.
Two years later, the soul star released his debut album, 'Pain in My Heart', and went on to tour around Europe.
As well as starring in a run of shows at Harlem’s Apollo Theater, he recorded a follow-up album which was released in 1965 called The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads.
In 1967, Aretha Franklin famously rerecorded Redding’s 'Respect' from this album, and it shot all the way to number one.
Later that year, Redding returned to the studio at Stax to begin writing songs for a new album.
Here, he recorded what was to become his first, and only, number one hit, 'Sittin’ On The Dock Of The Bay'.
Three days after the recording session, Otis and his band were in the middle of a short concert tour, so got on the plane to make the short flight to his next gig in Madison.
It was bad weather conditions for flying and the pilot had been advised to delay the takeoff, but the band needed to get to their upcoming show.
The plane sadly crashed in a small lake, killing seven of the eight passengers.
Showing the star’s popularity, Redding’s funeral had to be delayed so his family could find a bigger venue for his fans to attend.
It was held in City Auditorium, Macon, and 4,500 people turned up to pay tribute to the young star.
Following his death, Otis received many awards, including two Grammy Awards, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Nicknamed the ‘King of Soul’, his style of singing has continued to influence many other soul artists over the years.
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https://deadwrite.wordpress.com/tag/otis-redding/
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DEADWRITE's DAILIES
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Posts about otis redding written by deadwrite
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en
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https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
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DEADWRITE's DAILIES
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https://deadwrite.wordpress.com/tag/otis-redding/
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Any way you slice it, the first two weeks of December were historically tragic ones for popular music. Already this week we have chronicled the anniversaries of the dark days of Altamont and the death of John Lennon. There were two other significant passings that occurred during this time in the 1960s. Rock and roll and soul pioneers Sam Cooke and Otis Redding both died violently at young ages during early December only three years apart.
The first to go was Sam Cooke, who was gunned down under mysterious circumstances on December 11, 1964. Cooke was born in 1931 in the hotbed of the blues, Clarksdale, Mississippi, but grew up in Chicago where his father was a respected minister. He first got notice as the vocalist for the legendary gospel group The Soul Stirrers, who had several hits during the early 50s. Later that decade he broke with his gospel roots to become a secular singer. Over the next seven years he had nearly 30 hits, including Another Saturday Night, Cupid, Chain Gang, Twistin’ the Night Away, You Send Me, and A Change Is Gonna Come, which became a soulful anthem of the Civil Rights Movement.
Cooke was shot and killed in a South L.A. motel by the establishment’s female manager who claimed he was threatening her life. A coroner’s inquest later ruled that the killing was justified. He was only 33.
Sam’s widow Barbara created a scandal by marrying soul artist Bobby Womack only three months after his death, thereby becoming one of a select group of women (Patty Boyd is another) who married two men that are today in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Cooke’s daughter later married Womack’s brother, making the family tree a bit more interesting.
With Sam Cooke’s talent and good looks, I am stunned that his story has never been brought to the screen in a major way. Hollywood, get on this.
Three years and one day later, twenty-six-year-old soul singer Otis Redding perished, along with most of his backup band, when the plane they were flying in crashed into a lake in Wisconsin.
Redding spent most of the 60’s building a fan base through electric performances of his hits Try a Little Tenderness, Mr. Pitiful, and I Can’t Turn You Loose.
Today he is best remembered for the single, (Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay, which he recorded only three days before his death. It was Redding’s only number one hit, becoming the first posthumous chart topper in American history.
Incidentally, the whistling that you hear in The Dock of the Bay was never meant to stay. Redding used it as a place holder for more lyrics that he intended to insert later.
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https://otisredding.com/the-man/
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en
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Otis Redding
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2021-01-21T18:07:48+00:00
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THE MAN Born in Dawson, Ga., Otis Redding, Jr. and his family moved to Macon when he was two years old. At an early age, he began his career as a singer and musician in the choir of the Vineville Baptist Church. He attended Ballard Hudson High School and participated in the school band. As […]
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Otis Redding
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https://otisredding.com/the-man/
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After years of ambition and drive, Otis Redding’s sacrifices paid off. He appeared throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, and the Caribbean. His concert tours were among the biggest box office smashes of any touring performer during his time. He was nominated in three categories by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (NARAS) for recordings he made during 1967. 1968 was destined to be the greatest year of his career with appearances slated at such locations at New York’s Philharmonic Hall and Washington’s Constitution Hall. Redding was booked for several major television network appearances including The Ed Sullivan Show and The Smothers Brothers Show. He was posthumously inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 1981 and the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1989. In 1999, he was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award.
In 1970, Warner Brothers released an album of live recordings from the June 1967 Monterey International Pop Festival, featuring Otis Redding on one side, and Jimi Hendrix on the other. This record is evidence that the hip white audiences, better known as the “love crowd”, were digging Otis Redding just as much as the black audiences for whom he had always played. His energy and excitement, his showmanship, and his relationship with the crowd made Redding a master as a performer who had the rare gift of being able to reach audiences the world over.
Above all, Otis was a family man. He met his wife, Zelma Atwood, in 1959 and they married in August 1961. Together they have three children: Dexter, Karla, Otis III, and Demetria, who was adopted after Otis’ death. His family was close to his heart and soul. In 1965, he moved them into a spacious 300-acre property, “The Big O Ranch” in Round Oak, Ga., affectionately named after “The Big O” himself.
Zelma has carried on as the family matriarch and continued to rear their children to successful adulthood in honor of her late husband. Sons, Dexter and Otis, III. are active music producers and songwriters, both traveling internationally. Dexter, who resides in Jacksonville, FL also is co-manager in two food franchise operations. Karla is a successful and influential entrepreneur having founded and formerly managed Karla’s Shoe Boutique with her mother and partner, in downtown Macon for almost 20 years. Today, she is the executive director of the Otis Redding Foundation, established in memory of her father. Zelma is the executrix over the Redding Estate where she, along with Karla, manages daily requests for songs in commercials, music sampling, the use of Otis’ name and image, the Otis Redding Memorial Fund and the Scholarship Foundation. Demetria is in public health administration.
As president of Redwal Music Co., Inc., Otis was very active in the company’s operation and was directly responsible for the company’s leadership in the music publishing field. To date, the company has copyrighted over 200 commercially successful songs and published many songs that have sold in excess of one million copies each.
The idea that music could be a universal force, bringing together different races and cultures, was central to Otis’ personal philosophy and reflected in his everyday life. At a time when it may not have been considered politically correct, Redding had a white manager, Phil Walden, and a racially mixed band. He took care of business, setting up his own publishing and record label, Jotis Records, making unprecedented moves for a black music artist in the ’60s. While it was not Otis’ prime motivation, he was seen as a role model by blacks. He was someone who got paid and paid well without the usual horror stories of being ripped off by promoters, agents, managers, or record company executives.
Otis Redding’s prowess as a businessman led him to form his own label, Jotis records, in 1965. In addition to his many business interests in fields related to music, he was engaged in other business interests in his native state such as real estate, investments, stocks, and bonds. His business acumen meant that Otis knew how to earn and invest his money, unlike some of the other soul artists of the ’60s. In addition to the 300-acre Big-O Ranch, complete with a three-story home, livestock and a three and a half acre lake with fish, Redding acquired two private planes. It was his twin-engine Beechcraft that he was riding on that tragic day, December 10, 1967 when it crashed into Lake Monona in Madison Wis. The world lost a great musician and a great man on that day.
His music and his legacy, however, lives on.
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https://uproxx.com/music/otis-redding-50th-anniversary-plane-crash-death/
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Otis Redding: Remembering His Life 50 Years After His Death
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[
"hip-hop",
"home page",
"music",
"airplane crash",
"lake monona",
"otis redding",
"sitting on the dock of the bay",
"wisconsin"
] | null |
[
"Corbin Reiff",
"Derrick Rossignol",
"Aaron Williams",
"Megan Armstrong",
"Corbin Reiff Music Contributor"
] |
2017-12-08T10:21:26-05:00
|
Looking back on the life of a soul legend who left far too early.
|
en
|
UPROXX
|
https://uproxx.com/music/otis-redding-50th-anniversary-plane-crash-death/
|
Lake Monona is a wide, flat expanse of open water. Ringed by lush trees, quaint homes, and the Wisconsin state capitol building, at the moment you’re standing on its shores, listening to the gentle waves lap against rock and sod, it can feel like the most idyllic place on the planet. That ethereal tranquility was shattered on December 10, 1967 on a cold and foggy afternoon when a Beechcraft 18 cracked the lake’s gentle surface and quickly submerged into its murky depths. Seven of the eight passengers aboard the plane were killed, including one of the greatest soul singers the world has ever known.
Otis Redding was only 26 years old when his life was cut tragically short. Given that truncated span however, he used his God-given talents to craft a legacy that would span generations. As a singer, he could alternate from tender vulnerability to raging, volcanic fury on a dime, expressing through his voice nearly every shade of the human condition. As a showman, there was hardly anyone this side of James Brown capable of matching his flashy, eye-popping histrionics. And as a songwriter, his compositions, though seemingly simple at first glance, contained multitudes that continue to reverberate through car speakers and hi-fi units around the globe.
The loss of Otis was especially cruel considering what could have been, had he remained amongst the land of the living. Over the course of 1967, his skills and acumen as a songwriter had not only sharpened, but deepened. So had his powers as an entertainer. The pinnacle of his career came in June when he was booked to appear at the Monterey Pop Festival, just a two-hour long drive south of San Francisco. Included among a bill that featured The Who, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and almost every other up-and-coming name in the counter-culture rock scene, Otis damn-near stole the entire show. Backed by Booker T & The M.G.’s, the de facto house band at Stax Records, the soul singer hit the stage just after 1 AM, just as the clouds opened up and sprinkled light droplets of water on the heads of those gathered before him.
Beginning with his nitrous oxide-fueled take on Sam Cooke’s “Shake,” the be-suited singer gave the worn-down crowd the exact kick they needed. He stomped, he shimmied, he sang with a fire and passion that defied both logic and reason, bringing a little bit of Georgia countryside to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. “This is the love crowd right?” Otis asked the homegrown hippies gaping at him down below. “We all love each other, don’t we? Am I right?” They certainly loved him. Bob Weir of the Grateful Dead later remarked that watching Otis that night made him feel like he had “seen God onstage.”
At Monterey and beyond, Otis sensed a change in the atmosphere and was determined to change with it. In October, he underwent surgery to repair his vocal cords. For two weeks, he couldn’t speak, much less sing. While convalescing, he decided to grow out a beard to the bewilderment of his wife. Once he was finally able to regain the use of his instrument, she demanded that he shave it off, but he refused. As she recounted in Jonathan Gould’s expansive biography Otis Redding: An Unfinished Life, “He said, ‘When I go back out it’s going to be the new Otis Redding. I’ve got to change my style now. People are tired of hearing me plead and beg. I’ve got to be different. I’m gonna be new.’”
The impact of The Beatles’ magisterial Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Heart’s Club Band was felt by everyone in that so-called “Summer Of Love” but few internalized it to the degree of Otis. While many gawked at the Fab Four’s brilliant, psychedelic textures, Redding was busy parsing the infrastructure. Taking a cue from John Lennon who sat down and lifted mundane sections from a newspaper to create his opus “A Day In The Life,” Otis decided to have a look around himself. While staying in Sausalito that August after a gig at the Fillmore, he gazed out at the “Frisco Bay” and penned what he saw. He studied the ships as they rolled in, then rolled out. He noted the tides. He felt the weariness in his bones as he thought back to his home in Macon.
When he returned to Stax Studios in Memphis in November, he brought his observations to the guitarist Steve Cropper who helped him put it together in a new song called “(Sittin’ On) The Dock Of The Bay.” They recorded it over three takes on December 7. Already an incredible piece of music, the song took on an extra added dimension when it dropped less than a month after his death. Its tender melodies, whistle-solo and seagull squawks, not to mention the rather dark line where he sings about having “nothing to live for” struck a chord with his audience still trying to come to grips with his absence.
The three weeks he spent in Memphis before taking off for a run of live shows in the Midwest were maybe the most fruitful period of songwriting and recording he enjoyed throughout his entire career. In addition to “(Sittin’ On) The Dock Of The Bay” he also cooked up a bevy of additional material, the majority of which would make its way onto the posthumous release The Immortal Otis Redding that hit the following year. Otis was clearly excited about the future, and incredibly grateful that his voice hadn’t left him in the wake of his procedure. “We just couldn’t record enough,” Cropper recalled. “When the band would leave at night, we’d break and go have a little dinner somewhere, and come back to the studio and start recording.”
On December 8, Otis swung by Stax Studios to check in on Cropper, then boarded his plane to make it to a well-received gig in Nashville. The next night, he and his band the Bar-Kays performed at 700-seat club called Leo’s Casino in Cleveland, taking over for The Temptations who had played the same venue the previous evening. At noon that Sunday, December 10, Otis and the rest of his band met up with the pilot Dick Fraser at the airport, and took off to make it to the gig at a venue called The Factory in Madison. Otis sat up front in the co-pilot chair.
Visibility was terrible that day. Fraser couldn’t see the ground below him because of a thick fog of clouds that obscured his view. He was forced to rely on his instruments to guide the way, and set the plane on autopilot, which caused it to follow a series of radio signals toward Dane County Municipal Airport. Sometime around 3:30 PM, the plane made its final approach and Fraser lowered the landing wheels. A few moments later, the plane suddenly stalled, and before it could soar over downtown, dipped nose-first into Lake Monona. Otis was immediately knocked unconscious by the force of impact, and was unable to escape his seat. His body was recovered by divers the very next day.
A few months back, I had occasion to visit Madison. While I was in town, I pulled my car into BB Clarke Beach Park, got out, and strolled along some of the lake’s shoreline. There was a boat launch not too far from where I parked, and I couldn’t resist the temptation to walk its weathered planks and have a seat. Sitting there, gazing out at the massive, opal expanse, my mind turned to Otis. I didn’t consider his final moments just then, but thought about the electric performer and the gentle soul. I thought about what might’ve been. As the sunlight refracted off the water, and ducks glided by, I took my phone out of my pocket and hit play on “(Sittin’ On) The Dock Of The Bay” letting Otis’s voice mingle with the wind, and the birds, and the waves. Just wasting time.
|
|||||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
3
| 78 |
https://www.knkx.org/blues/2023-09-09/otis-redding-on-the-jukebox-launched-me-into-the-music-i-love
|
en
|
A jolt at the jukebox: The first time I heard this Otis Redding song
|
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Nick Morrison",
"www.knkx.org",
"nick-morrison"
] |
2023-09-09T00:00:00
|
On what would have been Otis Redding’s 82nd birthday, KNKX's Nick Morrison recalls one Sunday morning in a closed bar in Eastern Washington when he heard a song that floored him.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
KNKX Public Radio
|
https://www.knkx.org/blues/2023-09-09/otis-redding-on-the-jukebox-launched-me-into-the-music-i-love
|
Soul singer, Otis Redding, was the booster rocket that finally launched me into the music I’ve loved all my life—soul music, blues, and rhythm & blues. I first heard Otis when I was a junior in high school. I heard him on a Sunday morning on a jukebox in a temporarily closed bar and gambling house owned by the father of a Black friend of mine. The joint was only open at night and my friend’s dad had given him a handful of marked quarters so he could turn me on to the music he loved—the Black music he grew up on but which was nonexistent on the white radio stations of Eastern Washington.
I remember being thrilled to hear for the first time songs like Little Willie John’s "I’m Shakin,'" and Hank Ballard & The Midnighters’ "Work With Me, Annie." But what really floored me was a song by this guy named Otis Redding. The song was "Pain In My Heart," and there was something about his voice that lifted me up from simply enjoying the song, to actually feeling it. And I liked feeling it. I wanted more. And I’m still always on the look-out. And it was Redding who planted the seed.
September 9th would have been Redding’s 82nd birthday had he not died in a plane crash in in 1967, at age 26. His career as a recording artist and performer only lasted 5 years but his contribution was massive and his music is as vital and as stirring now as it was when he was alive.
When I began this piece I wanted to write a brief overview of Redding’s life and music but in my research I came across a piece in The New Yorker from 2017. It’s by Jonathan Gould, who wrote a beautiful biography of Otis called Otis Redding: An Unfinished Life. Instead of cribbing from Gould’s article, I yield to it and include it here.
And below are two more not-to-be-missed Otis Redding songs:
"Too Hot To Handle"
"(Sittin' On) The Dock of The Bay"
|
||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
3
| 81 |
https://macon-newsroom.com/3813/arts-entertainment-2/lifestyle/just-curious-what-is-the-history-of-the-otis-redding-foundation/
|
en
|
Just Curious: What is the history of the Otis Redding Foundation?
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Mitchem Jaugstetter",
"Lacee Getter"
] |
2019-02-25T19:44:41+00:00
|
MACON, Ga. — Legendary 60s soul singer Otis Redding has been highly influential to many artist and fans around the world for decades. In 1967, Redding died on a plane crash that took place in Lake Monona. After Redding’s death, his wife Zelma Redding created The Otis Redding Foundation to keep his legacy alive and...
|
en
|
The Macon Newsroom
|
https://macon-newsroom.com/3813/arts-entertainment-2/lifestyle/just-curious-what-is-the-history-of-the-otis-redding-foundation/
|
After Redding’s death, his wife Zelma Redding created The Otis Redding Foundation to keep his legacy alive and continue the work that he did before he passed.
“While he was alive he gave a lot of donations and his wife Mrs. Zelma Redding — after he passed — wanted to continue that legacy so she began making a lot of scholarships and granting those to students in the area,” said the foundation’s creative arts director Sophie Leveille.
|
|||||
wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
|
FactBench
|
1
| 77 |
https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/12/10/look-back-ben-cauley-plane-crash-took-life-otis-redding-and-members-bar-kays/938933001/
|
en
|
A Look Back: Ben Cauley on the plane crash that took the life of Otis Redding and members of the Bar-Kays
|
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] | null |
[
"Bob Mehr, The Commercial Appeal",
"Bob Mehr"
] |
2017-12-10T00:00:00
|
A 2007 story on the lone survivor of the 1967 Otis Redding plane crash.
|
en
|
Memphis Commercial Appeal
|
https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/12/10/look-back-ben-cauley-plane-crash-took-life-otis-redding-and-members-bar-kays/938933001/
|
Today is the 50th anniversary of the Wisconsin plane crash that took the life of Stax Records great Otis Redding. In 2007, Bob Mehr told the story of Ben Cauley, trumpet player for the Bar-Kays, who was the lone survivor of the crash. Cauley died in 2015. We give Mehr's story encore presentation today.
Sometimes, in his sleep, Ben Cauley still hears their cries -- the ones of his friends and band mates.
In dreams, he feels the rush of the lake's icy water, the chill of fear, and the helplessness and hurt that followed. When those moments come, alone in the darkness, he tries to think instead of the music they made together; he tries to conjure the sweet sounds of soul and Stax, the things that have sustained him all the years since.
To some, Ben Cauley is the answer to a tragic trivia question: the trumpeter was the sole survivor of the plane crash Dec. 10, 1967, outside Madison, Wis., that claimed eight people, including Stax Records star Otis Redding, and Cauley's Bar-Kays bandmates Phalon Jones, Carl Cunningham, Jimmy King and Ronnie Caldwell.
But in a greater sense, Cauley is the ultimate survivor -- someone who's become the living embodiment of both the triumph and tragedy of the Stax legacy.
On the eve of the crash's 40th anniversary, the 60-year-old Cauley sits in his home recording studio in Southeast Memphis with two of his daughters, Chekita Cauley-Campbell and Shuronda Cauley-Oliver, talking emotionally and candidly about his remarkable life. "I thank God," says Cauley of his unlikely survival. "He was there to help me."
For those inclined to believe in the sheltering hand of a Higher Power, Ben Cauley is as close to proof as you may ever find. Logic or luck doesn't fully explain how Cauley escaped the plane crash or the waters that nearly consumed him 40 years ago. Nor do they divine how, in later years, after suffering a massive stroke -- when none of his doctors thought he would live for more than a few days -- Cauley was soon up and playing his horn.
"Ben is a miracle," says his friend and fellow Stax Records alum, songwriter/producer David Porter. "It's really that simple."
Porter marvels not just at Cauley's resilience, but at how he continues to play and perform with the same exuberance and joy he exhibited on the Bar-Kay's delirious debut, the immortal "Soul Finger." "When you consider what he's experienced and yet he can still get up and have the kind of energy that entertains people," says Porter, "it's a true testament to what's inside of this guy."
"Ben is a trouper," adds his Bar-Kays bandmate James Alexander, who missed the ill-fated Redding flight. "He's a guy, almost like a cat: He has nine lives. He's had some terrible, traumatic experiences throughout his life. But he's always been the same Ben, hitting them high notes like he always does."
Like so many Stax stories, Ben Cauley's tale begins in South Memphis. Born in 1947, Cauley's musical grounding came as a child at the New Friendship Baptist Church, where and he and his mother sang in the choir.
Cauley first picked up trumpet in the seventh grade and soon fell in with a group of neighborhood kids and Booker T. Washington high school students, including guitarist Jimmy King, saxophonist Phalon Jones, drummer Carl Cunningham, guitarist Jimmy King, keyboardist Ronnie Caldwell, and bassist James Alexander. They formed a group called the Imperials, later changing their name to the Bar-Kays.
Cauley, who was a couple of years older than his bandmates, began attending LeMoyne College in 1965. At the same time, the mostly underage band became a favorite at late-night clubs like the Hippodrome, adding their flashy step and dance moves into a repertoire of R&B songs.
Released in the spring of '67, the group's debut single for Stax, "Soul Finger", would reach No. 3 on the Billboard R&B charts. Before long, the young Bar-Kays -- most of them, still in high school -- were a hit act, and being groomed to become Stax's second house band alongside Booker T. & the MGs.
It was around this same period that Stax's signature star, Otis Redding, caught the Bar-Kays in concert, and was taken by their sound.
"After our show he ran backstage, and said 'Y'all bad!'" recalls Cauley. "He asked about us doing some gigs. And we said we're still in school, so we can't go on weekdays. He said, 'I'll take care of that, I'll pick you up in my plane on Fridays.'"
That summer of '67, the Bar-Kays started their work backing Redding with a 10-night stand at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, and then proceeded to tour the country. The young, energetic Bar-Kays and the tireless Redding proved a perfect musical fit. "It was a match made in heaven," says Cauley.
That fall, Redding paused from the road to have some polyps removed from his throat, and to write and record what would prove to be his swan song, "(Sittin' on the) Dock of the Bay."
In early December, Redding and the Bar-Kays were back out on the road, doing weekenders at colleges. They had three gigs booked between Dec. 8 and 10, 1967, and most of the entourage was traveling on Redding's new twin engine Beechcraft.
"The first job we did that weekend was in Nashville, at Vanderbilt University on Friday,"; says Cauley. "That next night was in Cleveland, Ohio. We filmed (the TV show) 'Upbeat,' and then played a concert. The next morning we got up real early to go to the airport, on the way to Madison."
Bar-Kays bassist James Alexander, who'd volunteered to return the band's rental car in Cleveland and hop a commercial flight to Wisconsin, dropped them off at the hangar.
Cauley remembers the cabin of the plane was especially cold that morning. "Carl (Cunningham) asked an attendant at the airport to crank up (the plane) so the cabin could warm up,"; says Cauley. "But (the attendant) told us he couldn't crank it up because the battery was kind of low. He said he'd rather have the pilot do it."
"We kinda looked at each other, as young fellows do, and said, 'The battery's low?' Like, what's going on? Five minutes after that, it got started -- but we were still thinking about that. But we took off going to Madison with no problems."
Flying on little rest from the previous night, the passengers soon drifted off to sleep. At around 3:30 p.m., just a few minutes outside of Madison, Cauley woke to the plane's violent shaking. What happened next, Cauley says, "is something I can never erase."
He recalls turning toward Phalon Jones. "Phalon looked out the window -- what he saw, I don't know -- but he just said, 'Oh no!' I remember I got up, unbuckled my seatbelt to see what it was. The next thing I remember, I came to and was in all this water."
The plane had gone into Lake Monona, on the banks of Madison, at a sharp 35-degree angle. Cauley was separated from the plane and thrown out of an opening in the fuselage.
But surviving the impact of the crash was only the first hurdle. Cauley, who'd never learned to swim, was now struggling in the waters of the frigid lake.
Somehow, in between blacking out and rising to the surface of the water, he'd gotten hold of a seat cushion, which was keeping him afloat. Amid the waves, he lost hold of the cushion, but then another cushion floated by and he grabbed onto it.
In the chaos, confusion and cold, he glimpsed some of his fellow passengers: Carl Cunningham surfaced for a moment without speaking; Ronnie Caldwell cried out for help. Cauley urged him to hold on, but his attempts to get to his bandmates were defeated by the hard, lapping waters.
"I saw Carl come out of the water, I saw (Redding's valet) Matt (Kelly) come up on the other side. I was conscious at that time," says Cauley."I didn't know it, but my head was swollen and bleeding, and I remember I had only one shoe..."
At this tiny detail, Cauley suddenly stops his narrative and drops his head. After a long silence, tears begin streaming down his face, and his body slumps, the weight of 40 years of pain bearing down on his shoulders.
His daughter Chekita, consoles him, his younger girl Shuronda brings him some tissues, as he struggles to continue.
The speed of the rescue team -- which got to the crash site in 17 minutes -- was probably the thing that saved Cauley. His body was perhaps a couple minutes away from going into hypothermia when he was pulled from the waters. The cause of the crash was never clearly determined. Cauley had escaped with relatively minor cuts on his head and his foot; the others -- including Redding and pilot Richard Fraser -- had not been so fortunate.
Taken to the hospital, Cauley was finally told that he'd been the only one to survive. "I kept asking, 'Are they alright?' And this guy just looked at me and said, 'Well, son, you're the only one alive.' Once he said that, I couldn't talk. I'd never been that way before in my life. I tried. I couldn't talk. I was shaking all over."
Waiting at the airport in Milwaukee, Alexander eventually got word of the accident and arrived in Madison to find Cauley laid up in a hospital bed. "He was in a total state of shock," says Alexander. "He was just laying there with his eyes open. He didn't really know he was there at that point."
In the wake of the accident, the entire Stax family was shaken to its core. The loss of Redding and the promising Bar-Kays was a devastating blow. As label co-founder Jim Stewart later put it, "The company was never the same to me after that."
After months of shock and mourning, Cauley and Alexander decided to try and pick up the pieces of their shattered lives and re-form the band. "A lot of our fellow musicians cared about the Bar-Kays," says Cauley. "A lot of them was crazy about us, and they helped us put the band back together."
Debuting in 1968, the reconstituted Bar-Kays were a successful group, recording and playing sessions at Stax and frequently heading out on tour with groups like the Temptations. But, Cauley, who had a growing family, left the band in 1972. "He didn't feel comfortable being gone on the road all the time," says Alexander, who continues to lead the Bar-Kays to this day.
Despite the lingering scars of his past, Cauley continued to work and perform, his horn in demand for sessions in Memphis, Muscle Shoals, even Nashville.
As the years passed, there was more sadness at Stax -- the company went bankrupt in 1975, and in 1989 they bulldozed the studio. That day, Cauley, stood outside playing a requiem on his trumpet.
And that year, Cauley faced another brush with death when he suffered an aneurysm and massive stroke. "I went to the hospital, they had this metal going through his entire skull holding his head up," says David Porter.
"They had given him three days to live after his stroke," says Cauley's daughter Chekita.
But, as if scripted, on that third day, Cauley recovered dramatically enough to leave the intensive care unit. "Still, he had to do total rehabilitation," she says, learning how to read, write, walk, dress himself, feed himself, all from scratch. They told him he'd never play the trumpet again."
On Cauley's first day home after months of rehab, he saw his trumpet lying on the couch. "Honestly, I didn't even know what it was. But I went over and picked it up and started playing -- ba-de-dum-dum-ba-dum-dum," says Cauley, aping the first notes of "Soul Finger."
In the difficult aftermath of his stroke, Cauley's musical future seemed limited. "He still wanted to perform but was not mobile enough to do a lot of touring," says Porter, who set up Cauley gigging as a kind of one-man band at his Da' Blues restaurant inside the Memphis International Airport. Porter credits the popularity of Cauley's performances there with helping make the airport's later musical makeover possible.
"In my mind Ben's success was a big reason why there was no hesitation in not only incorporating music in the airport, but building the whole airport around the credibility of Memphis music."
These days, Cauley has recovered almost fully from his stroke -- the only reminder is some occasional difficulty with his speech. In recent years he's become an important presence at the Stax Museum of American Soul, both at ceremonial functions and its school for children.
This year has been one of significant anniversaries for Cauley: the 40th anniversary of the plane crash, the 50th of Stax's founding, and his own 60th birthday, which his family -- which includes seven children from a pair of marriages -- celebrated by throwing a surprise party for him in October.
This past Monday, with the anniversary of the crash approaching, Cauley did something he long promised himself he'd do: he returned to Madison, to the site of the crash. There, he performed as part of a ceremony honoring Redding and the fallen Bar-Kays at the Monona Terrace, on the banks of the lake.
Dressed in a black suit, Cauley spoke of how he was "honored" to be there to remember his friends. He then played some trumpet and sang elegiac renditions of Redding's "Try A Little Tenderness" and "(Sittin On) The Dock of the Bay."
Several hundred people came and listened, and bathed him in appreciative applause. In a way, the experience seems to have been a catharsis, providing Cauley some measure of peace.
"Lord knows, it just really touched me to be there. You know, for a long time I used to tell my kids, 'One day I'm going back.' I just had to see the lake," says Cauley softly, his voice trailing off. "I had to see it."
Originally published December 9, 2007.
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
| 22 |
http://www.hpten.com/all-content/2021/9/14/the-great-otis-redding-at-80
|
en
|
The Great Otis Redding At 80 — Half Past Ten
|
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[] |
[
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[
"Gregory Fitton"
] |
2021-09-14T00:00:00
|
The singer-songwriter left an unparalleled musical legacy.
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en
|
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5790370659cc68a958c5d558/1472349036804-8W9AL1QFS9K737N30HAZ/favicon.ico?format=100w
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Half Past Ten
|
http://www.hpten.com/all-content/2021/9/14/the-great-otis-redding-at-80
|
Otis Redding, born September 9, 1941, would have turned 80 last week. The legendary soul singer died in a plane crash at the end of 1967, a few months after turning 26.
A water-well driller turned aspiring musician, Otis caught his break after driving his friend Johnny Jenkins to a recording session in Memphis. As Redding explains in a 1967 American Bandstand interview, when the session wrapped, Redding sang his original tune, “These Arms of Mine,” to great praise and a record deal with Stax Records. (I had a chance to visit the Stax Museum of American Soul in Memphis. There was something special, deeply American, and, of course, soulful about the experience.)
With this single’s release in the fall of 1962, Otis Redding’s active career only amounted to five years by the time of his death in December 1967. His impact, though, was immense. We remember him for a number of timeless songs: “Respect “(which Aretha Franklin’s cover also took to great heights), “I’ve Got Dreams to Remember,” and more, as well as renditions of songs by Sam Cooke, the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones.
I recall first learning that Otis Redding was 26 when he died. I couldn’t believe it. His voice and appearance came across as older. The depth of his words and soulful resonance of his songs felt like he had lived a full life of experience. An Otis Redding song will always have impact when I hear it—the sheer power of his presence is unmatched. Beyond pure talent, there is a special wisdom, empathy, and passion in his work.
Take “Try a Little Tenderness.” In an interview with NPR, Jonathan Gould, author of Otis Redding: Unfinished Life, explains that this 1932 song was already well-known at the time. (An anecdote from the interview: Otis was would sing the exact horn lines he wanted to the players in studio sessions). Otis opens “Try a Little Tenderness” in a similar fashion to other versions at the outset, succeeding in crafting a memorable classic with a faithful rendition. As the song develops, however, Redding begins to further make the song his own by upping the intensity and adding in rhythmic vocal exclamations. Jay-Z and Kanye West’s aptly-named 2011 track, “Otis,” that samples the song, exemplifies the rare energy of Redding’s art. West’s sample chops, rearranged without additional instrumentation, reverberate as a driving foundation for the pair’s rhymes.
In the summer of 1967, Otis Redding performed in California at the Monterey Pop Festival, a defining concert for 20th-century music. Featuring Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, The Who, and many others, the concert was a noted cultural moment.
Filmmaker D.A. Pennebaker and a crew captured the performances on textured 16mm film for a documentary, Monterey Pop.
Writing for the Criterion Collection, Andrew Chan calls Redding’s filmed performance at Monterey Pop of “I’ve Been Loving You for Too Long,” an original song written with Jerry Butler, “one of the most overpowering moments in the concert-doc canon.”
Moving in and out of silhouette in a cinematic abstraction, the footage expresses the grand scope of Otis Redding’s talent. His soul, his style, his vocal mastery, and his emotion blend with fluidity and ease. Chan concludes: “that voice we’re hearing—as viscerally, palpably there as any sound in American music—comes from a place and a time and an inner life we can never see clearly.”
To open his book, Jonathan Gould quotes Bob Weir from Grateful Dead who said “I was pretty sure that I’d seen God on stage” after Otis Redding’s performance at Monterey Pop. Otis Redding’s monumental talent produced such great work, yet it is clear that he had so much more still to offer had he lived.
My favorite Otis Redding song—and one of my favorite songs in general—is “(Sittin’ on) the Dock of the Bay.” Recorded in the month before Redding died after recovering well from throat surgery, he was still working on the song before his death. Written with producer Steve Cropper, the song captures Otis’s soulful pondering, likely informed by his desire to explore new sounds, his love for his home of Georgia, and his contemplations on the future. Mixed and released in early 1968, the song became a number one hit—his first and the first ever for a posthumous release.
in 2018, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the song, the Otis Redding Foundation, Playing for Change, and Princess Cruises collaborated to release a “Song Around the World” rendition, featuring artists Corinne Bailey Rae, Jack Johnson, Aloe Blacc, a student chorus, Otis Redding’s sons: Otis Redding III and Dexter Redding, and more. It’s a touching, appropriate homage to the power of music and Otis Redding’s soulful legacy. Enjoy below.
- GJF
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1
| 20 |
https://portalwisconsin.wordpress.com/2010/12/06/the-day-otis-redding-dieddecember-10-1967-lake-monona-wi/
|
en
|
The Day Otis Redding Died: December 10, 1967, Lake Monona, Wis.
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2010-12-06T00:00:00
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At around 3:30 p.m. on a foggy Sunday afternoon, December 10, 1967, the plane, which encountered a storm en route from Cleveland to a concert in Madison, plunged into the frigid depths of Lake Monona. Redding, 26, and four members of his Bar-Kays band were killed.
|
en
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https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
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Portal Wisconsin blog
|
https://portalwisconsin.wordpress.com/2010/12/06/the-day-otis-redding-dieddecember-10-1967-lake-monona-wi/
|
By Brian D’Ambrosio, Editor
Soul singer Otis Redding had acquired his own plane to make touring less hectic, but the twin-engine Beechcraft H18 would prove his fatal undoing. At around 3:30 p.m. on a foggy Sunday afternoon, December 10, 1967, the plane, which encountered a storm en route from Cleveland to a concert in Madison, plunged into the frigid depths of Lake Monona. Redding, 26, and four members of his Bar-Kays band were killed. The musicians were headed to The Factory nightclub, scheduled to perform at 6:30 p.m.
The crash killed six others, everyone on board except for trumpeter Ben Cauley (bassist James Alexander had luckily avoided the flight altogether). On the cusp of achieving pop superstardom, Redding, best known for his hit, “(Sittin’ on) the Dock of the Bay,” recorded just three days earlier and released after his death, was dead. The tune was Otis’ first posthumous release and his biggest-selling single ever, topping both the R&B and pop charts on its way to going gold. Engineers tastefully overdubbed the sound effects, the mournful cries of seagulls, the singer’s lonesome whistling, after Otis’ death.
About 4,500 mourners, including a dazzling array of soul giants such as James Brown, Solomon Burke, and Wilson Pickett, crowded Macon’s City Auditorium for Redding’s funeral, a week later.
On December 3, 1997, thirty years later, hundreds of people showed up to the Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center to Georgia-born soul singer and songwriter. They’d never met the man, but they loved his music, and came to express their appreciation of the full impact of Otis Redding as a soul pioneer who inexorably altered the rhythm & blues landscape – and, ultimate, all of pop music- with his gritty, lustrous vocal, sexy, slinky lyrics and unforgettable songs.
Cauley, who hadn’t visited Madison since the crash, received a standing ovation. He told his audience how he’d awakened early that Sunday four decades ago and headed to the Cleveland airport for the trip to Madison. That day, he said, Redding told him he’d just finishing recording the supremely meditative “(Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay.” A few hours later, Cauley was flung out of the plane on impact. As he floated in the icy waters of Lake Monona, clinging to a cushion, he watched the rest of the plane’s passengers — including the man he once described as “…a groovy cat, like an older brother” — drowned.
When his short speech was finished, Cauley sang some of the songs that might have been on the bill at The Factory, including a trumpet-laced version of Redding’s “(Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay.”
He was born in Dawson, Georgia, approximately 100 miles south of Macon, on Sept. 9, 1941. His family moved into a Macon housing project when Redding was three. He began singing in the choir of the Vineville Baptist Church. Now home to the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, Macon is arguably the vital center of soul. Little Richard, James Brown and Otis Redding – three men who shaped American blues music in from the 1950s to the 1970s and beyond — all launched their careers here. Strangely, although he consistently impacted the R&B charts beginning with the Top Ten appearance of “Mr. Pitiful” in 1965, and he is remembered for producing some of the toughest, sweetest, most enduring soul music ever created, none of Redding’s singles fared better than #21 on the pop Top Forty.
There’s one noteworthy aspect to Redding’s life not often touched upon: No one has anything unflattering to say about him. No scandals lurking in the closet, no unsavory incidents of rampant egotism to shatter his clean image, no shafting of his sidemen on long road jaunts. Just a sincerely talented soul man who enhanced the lives of everyone associated with him but died much too soon.
Heartbreak never sounded good. Or happened so abruptly.
Article excerpted from Brian D’Ambrosio’s travel book A Wee Bit of Wisconsin
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wrong_mix_domainrange_death_00138
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FactBench
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2
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https://www.kltv.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
en
|
Otis Redding III, who followed father into music, dies at 59
|
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[
"Otis Redding III",
"Otis Redding",
"Redding family",
"Dexter Redding",
"The Reddings"
] | null |
[
"Associated Press"
] |
2023-04-19T00:00:00
|
Otis Redding III and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
|
en
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//webpubcontent.gray.tv/gray/arc-fusion-assets/images/favicons/kltv/favicon.ico?d=420
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https://www.kltv.com
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https://www.kltv.com/2023/04/19/otis-redding-iii-who-followed-father-into-music-dies-59/
|
MACON, Ga. (AP) — Singer and guitarist Otis Redding III, the son and namesake of the legendary 1960s soul singer, has died from cancer at age 59, his family said Wednesday.
Redding was just 3 years old when his father, Otis Redding, perished along with several band members in a plane crash on Dec. 10, 1967. More than a decade later, the younger Redding and his brother, Dexter, formed the funk band The Reddings, which recorded six albums in the 1980s.
“It is with heavy hearts that the family of Otis Redding III confirms that he lost his battle with cancer last evening,” said his sister, Karla Redding-Andrews, in a statement posted on the Facebook page of the Otis Redding Foundation, the family’s charity in Macon.
Though singles “Remote Control” and “Call The Law” by The Reddings made appearances on the Billboard music charts, the Redding brothers never matched their father’s success. Redding continued playing and performing after the band recorded its final album in 1988.
He was once hired for a European tour as guitarist for soul singer Eddie Floyd, under whose guidance the younger Redding became comfortable performing “(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay” and other songs of his famous father.
“He said, `You can play guitar with me, but you’re going to have to sing a few of your dad’s songs,’” Redding recalled in a 2018 interview with WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine. “I was like, `Huh? I don’t sing,’ you know. And he was like, `Well, you’re going to sing “Dock of the Bay” with me tonight.’”
Redding worked with his family’s foundation to organize summer camps that teach children to play music, and served as board president for the local chapter of Meals on Wheels.
He continued to perform his father’s songs for audiences large and small, according to his website, from appearing onstage at Carnegie Hall for a 2018 Otis Redding tribute concert to singing at weddings and private parties. Redding said he was grateful for the enduring legacy even if it overshadowed efforts to make music of his own.
“No matter how hard I try to do my own thing, you know, it’s like ... ‘sing one of your daddy’s songs,’” he told the Maine TV station. “So I go ahead and do what people want, and I live with it. But I’m not under any pressure and I don’t put myself mentally under any pressure to go begging for record deals.”
|
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https://www.marasgroup.com.au/our-properties/commercial-offices/240-currie-street-adelaide/
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en
|
240 Currie Street, Adelaide
|
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https://www.marasgroup.com.au/wp-content/themes/maras/images/favicon.ico
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""
] | null |
[] |
2015-07-07T06:00:00+00:00
|
Once known as the “Village Offices”, this unique, campus-style, split-level office complex has excellent frontage to Currie Street and enjoys 2-street frontage. Essentially comprises four separate buildings, each self-contained, and all linked via a common plaza area. The complex features a multitude of courtyard areas and balconies, unlike other traditional office buildings.
|
en
|
https://www.marasgroup.com.au/wp-content/themes/maras/images/favicon.ico
|
Maras Group |
|
https://www.marasgroup.com.au/our-properties/commercial-offices/240-currie-street-adelaide/
|
Once known as the “Village Offices”, this unique, campus-style, split-level office complex has excellent frontage to Currie Street and enjoys 2-street frontage.
Essentially comprises four separate buildings, each self-contained, and all linked via a common plaza area. The complex features a multitude of courtyard areas and balconies, unlike other traditional office buildings.
|
||
6464
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| 96 |
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en
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Request Rejected
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6464
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en
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Adelaide Metro
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2021-01-14T13:33:31+10:30
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Adelaide Metro is Adelaide's public transport system. We can help you get around the metropolitan area by bus, train or tram. All you need is a metroCARD. Use our journey planner or real-time arrivals to find your next service.
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Adelaide Metro
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https://www.adelaidemetro.com.au
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Disestablishments in 2010
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Title Topic Description Website Status Archive details Tool Domain Job Date Size Objects .yu country code top-level domain .yu was the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) that was assigned to Yugoslavia and was mainly used by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its successor states from 1994 and 2010. After Serbia and Montenegro acquired separate .rs and .me domains in 2007, a transition period started, and the .yu domain finally expired on 30 March 2010. It was the most heavily used top-level domain ever to be deleted.
2010 disestablishments in Serbia http://www.nic.yu/index-e.html Not saved yet 1997 (band) musical group http://www.partylikeits1997.com Not saved yet 3Com business
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.3com.com/ Not saved yet 4Change political party 4Change, formerly known as the Climate Change Coalition (CCC), was an Australian political party, which was formed in 2007 with a view to accelerate action by politicians from all parties on global warming and climate change. Its position on working towards addressing climate change, stresses cooperation with big business in order to achieve significant progress on the issue. The party therefore advocates a close working relationship between environmentalists and the business community. The CCC was registered as a political party with the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) on 4 September 2007 and deregistered on 25 March 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.4change.org.au Not saved yet A-ha musical group A-ha (usually stylised as a-ha; ) are a Norwegian band formed in Oslo in 1982. Founded by Paul Waaktaar-Savoy (guitars), Magne Furuholmen (keyboards, guitars) and Morten Harket (vocals), the band rose to fame during the mid-1980s and continued its global success in the 1990s and the 21st century.
2010 disestablishments in Norway https://www.a-ha.com/ Not saved yet A.C. Ancona association football club
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.anconacalcio.it Not saved yet A.S. Pescina Valle del Giovenco association football club A.S. Pescina Valle del Giovenco, commonly referred to as simply Valle del Giovenco, was an Italian association football club based in Pescina, Abruzzo. Though they were based in Pescina, the team was temporarily playing in Avezzano, a nearby city.
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.valledelgiovenco.com/index.php Not saved yet ADC Telecommunications business ADC Telecommunications was a communications company located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, a southwest suburb of Minneapolis. It was acquired by TE Connectivity (Tyco Electronics) in December 2010 and ceased to exist as a separate entity. It vacated its Eden Prairie location in May 2011 and moved staff and resources to other locations. ADC products were sold by CommScope after it acquired the Broadband Network Solutions business unit (including ADC) from TE Connectivity in August 2015.
2010 disestablishments in Minnesota http://www.adc.com/ Not saved yet ANA & JP Express airline
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.ajv.ana-g.com/ Not saved yet AT&T Communications business http://www.att.com Saved! ArchiveBot (!a) cabling.att.com dk6tl 2019-01-04 811 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!a) cabling.att.comes 702yd 2019-01-03 5 KiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!a) techchannel.att.com d6ogx 2018-09-21 281 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!a) www.corp.att.com e5ksg 2015-11-18 27 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!a) www.corp.att.com ecfla 2019-01-16 378 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) about.att.com 5y594 2019-01-12 2 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) about.att.com 90yqb 2017-07-13 2 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) cabling.att.com ac99p 2019-01-03 1002 KiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) lists.research.att.com 9vffm 2015-11-30 8 KiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) stream-digitallife.att.com 4e4va 2016-02-03 2 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) www.att.com 1tzui 2015-03-05 2 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) www.att.com 2g3d6 2015-08-25 1 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) www.att.com 6gwk1 2015-03-04 2 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) www.att.com ak6at 2019-11-17 4 MiB 1 warcs Abbey National public limited company
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.abbey.com/ Not saved yet Abgent business Abgent is a global biotechnology company based in San Diego, California, US with offices in Maidenhead, UK and Suzhou, China and distributors around the world. Abgent develops antibodies and related agents to study proteins involved in cellular function and disease. Abgent's antibodies target key areas of research including autophagy, neuroscience, cancer, stem cells and more. Abgent was acquired in 2011 by WuXi AppTec, a global pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, and medical device outsourcing company with operations in China and the United States.
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.abgent.com Not saved yet Abolishing the Borders from Below magazine Abolishing The Borders From Below was an anarchist magazine published by a Berlin-based collective since 2001. It was formed by a handful of Eastern European migrant anarchists and political and counter-cultural anti-authoritarians.
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.abb.hardcore.lt Not saved yet Acclaim Games business
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.acclaim.com/ Not saved yet Acheron (band) musical group http://www.myspace.com/acheron Not saved yet Actel business
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.actel.com/ Not saved yet Aeropro airline + Aeropro
2010 disestablishments in Quebec http://www.aeropro.qc.ca/en/home/ Not saved yet Agatha Christie (band) rock band http://agata.ru Not saved yet Air America (radio network) radio network http://www.airamerica.com Not saved yet Air Central airline http://www.air-central.co.jp/ Not saved yet Air Gemini airline Air Gemini, also known as Air Gemini Cargo, was an airline based in Luanda, Angola, operating chartered passenger and cargo flights into Quatro de Fevereiro Airport on behalf of the local mining industry, as well as services for humanitarian aid missions.
2010 disestablishments in Angola http://www.airgemini.com/ Not saved yet Air Kufra charter airline Air Kufra was a small charter airline. It was mainly operated out of Kufra Airport. It had only one commercial aircraft, which was leased from Buraq Air, along with a cargo aircraft, an Ilyushin Il-76TD. The airline had two bases: the main base was in Tripoli, Libya, and the other was located in Kufra Airport, Al Jawf. The airline was run by Giuma Nasir (CEO) and Abdurrazag Zaatut (COO). http://airkufra.com.ly Not saved yet Air Midwest (Nigeria) airline http://www.airmidwestng.com/ Not saved yet Air Minas Linhas Aéreas airline Air Minas Linhas Aéreas was an airline based in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It operated passenger services from Belo Horizonte to destinations in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. The airline was grounded on May 30, 2010 and lost its operational license on September 20, 2011. http://www.airminas.com.br/ Not saved yet Air Moorea airline Air Moorea was a French airline based on the grounds of Faa'a International Airport in Faaa, Tahiti, French Polynesia, France"World Airline Directory." Flight International. 16–22 March 2004. 70. "BP 6019, Faaa International Airport, Faaa, Tahiti French http://www.airmoorea.pf Not saved yet Air Next airline In February 2005 Air Next was headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. http://www.airnext.ana-g.com/ Not saved yet Air Nippon Network airline , or A-net, was an airline based on the grounds of Tokyo International Airport in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan. http://www.ank-net.co.jp/ Not saved yet Air Service Gabon airline Air Service Gabon was an airline based in Libreville, Gabon. It was established in 1965 and operated scheduled flights and passenger and charter services in West Africa. Its main base was Libreville International Airport. The company announced that it ceased operation as of August 3, 2010. http://www.airservice.aero/?id_Sessionlangue=2 Not saved yet Air Slovakia airline Air Slovakia was an airline based in Bratislava, Slovakia, operating out of M. R. Štefánik Airport. The airline offered scheduled and chartered passenger flights, as well as aircraft lease (ACMI). http://www.airslovakia.sk/ Not saved yet Al-Waqt periodical literature Al-Waqt ( meaning The Time) was a Bahraini Arabic-language daily newspaper. It was published between 2006 and 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Bahrain http://www.alwaqt.com:80/ Not saved yet Alada airline http://www.netangola.com/alada Not saved yet Albany River Rats ice hockey team The Albany River Rats were a minor league professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They played in Albany, New York at the Times Union Center.
2010 disestablishments in New York (state) http://www.albanyriverrats.com/ Not saved yet Albert-Einstein-Schule Gymnasium in Germany Albert-Einstein-Schule was a Gymnasium for boys and girls from grades 5–13 in Bochum, Germany. It had about 900 students. Just south of downtown Bochum, the school was in the Wiemelhausen section of town and shared a campus with the Hans Böckler Realschule. The school had an emphasis in natural science and English. It had a bilingual program, where some classes were taught in English, rather than German. In 2008, the school was certified as a "Europaschule" (de) by the Ministry of Schools of North Rhine-Westphalia.
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://aes-bochum.de Not saved yet Alberto-Culver business Alberto-Culver was an American corporation with international sales whose principal business was manufacturing hair and skin beauty care products under such brands as Alberto VO5, Andrew Collinge, St. Ives (skin care products), TRESemmé, FDS, Consort, Nexxus, and White Rain. It was a manufacturer in the multicultural beauty care market with such brands as Soft & Beautiful, Just For Me, Motions, and TCB. It was purchased by Unilever in 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Illinois http://www.alberto.com/ Not saved yet Allentown State Hospital hospital Allentown State Hospital was a psychiatric hospital located at 1600 Hanover Ave. in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It served the counties of Lehigh, Northampton, Carbon, Monroe, Pike, and occasionally eastern Schuylkill. It was one of seven remaining psychiatric hospitals in Pennsylvania. http://www.papl8s.com/ash.htm Not saved yet Alliance for the Future (Peru) political coalition
2010 disestablishments in Peru http://www.fujimoristas.com/ Not saved yet Allied Capital business Allied Capital was a private equity investment firm and mezzanine capital lender providing debt and equity capital for leveraged buyouts, acquisitions and restructurings of established businesses. Allied operated as a Business Development Company, a form of publicly traded private equity company, and was among the largest BDCs. The firm was headquartered in Washington, DC with offices in New York City.
2010 disestablishments in Washington, D.C. http://www.alliedcapital.com/ Not saved yet Almaty Aviation airline Almaty Aviation (Almaty Aviation OJSC Aircompany) was a cargo airline based in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Its base of operations is Almaty International Airport. The airline operates cargo services throughout Kazakhstan and the CIS. http://en.alaport.com/business/almatyaviation/ Not saved yet Alphastates musical group Alphastates were an Irish electro band from Dublin. The band consisted of lead vocalist and guitarist Catherine Dowling, guitarist Gerry Horan, bass guitarist Stevie Kavanagh and drummer Graham Gilligan. Former member and drummer Mike O'Dowd departed in 2008. http://www.alphastates.com/ Not saved yet Ankeena Networks business Ankeena Networks was a US-based new media infrastructure technology company that was acquired by Juniper Networks in 2010 for US$100 million. http://www.juniper.net Saved! ArchiveBot (!ao) forums.juniper.net 3h29t 2015-12-17 5 MiB 1 warcs ArchiveBot (!ao) kb.juniper.net d3twh 2018-10-11 2 MiB 1 warcs Annushka (airline) airline http://anmikom.ru/ Not saved yet Anticapitalist Party political party The Anticapitalist Party was a Trotskyist organisation in Turkey. It was part of the International Socialist Tendency led by the Socialist Workers Party (UK).
2010 disestablishments in Turkey http://www.antikapitalist.net/ Not saved yet Apogevmatini newspaper Apogevmatini was a Greek newspaper that was published nationally for decades until its last owners, the Sarantopoulos family, declared its bankruptcy in November 2010. It was at 12 Feidiou Street in the downtown area of the capital city of Athens. The newspaper was founded by the Botsis family in the 20th century. It had a semi-liberal approach to the economy and traditionally had right-wing sympathies.
2010 disestablishments in Greece http://www.apogevmatini.gr Not saved yet Apparition (company) film production company http://www.apparition.com/ Not saved yet Aqua5 musical group Aqua5 (often stylized as AQUA5) was a J-pop group affiliated with the Takarazuka Revue. When the group was formed, all five members were otokoyaku (performers of male roles) in the Revue's Snow Troupe. They made their debut on August 25, 2007, at the opening ceremony of the IAAF World Championships in Osaka, Japan.
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.tca-pictures.net/aqua5/ Not saved yet Arctic Circle Air airline Arctic Circle Air was an American airline based in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. It operated scheduled commuter services and charter flights to over 16 Alaskan communities. It was established and started operations in 1973. Its main base was Fairbanks International Airport.
2010 disestablishments in Alaska http://www.arcticcircleair.com/ Not saved yet Arena (TV platform) television station
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.arena.tv/ Not saved yet Arise and Ruin musical group Arise and Ruin was a Canadian metalcore band from Guelph, Ontario, currently signed to Victory Records.
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.ariseandruin.com Not saved yet Arlington Senior High School high school Arlington Senior High School was a public high school in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was located north of Downtown Saint Paul on Rice Street, west of Interstate 35E in the city's North End neighborhood. Arlington opened on September 3, 1996 as the newest high school for the Saint Paul Public School district. The school was the first high school to be built since Humboldt Senior High School in 1976. The school was closed after the 2010-2011 school year.
2010 disestablishments in Minnesota http://www.arlington.spps.org/ Not saved yet Arrow Air airline Arrow Air was an American passenger and cargo airline based in Building 712 on the grounds of Miami International Airport (MIA) in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida. At different times over the years, it operated over 90 weekly scheduled cargo flights, had a strong charter business and at one point operated scheduled international and domestic passenger flights. Its main base was Miami International Airport. Arrow Air ceased operations on June 29, 2010, and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on July 1, 2010. It was then liquidated. http://www.arrowcargo.com/ Not saved yet Arthemesia musical group Arthemesia was a Finnish black metal band active between 1994 and 2010. The band derives their name from Artemisia absinthium, Latin for wormwood, thought to have many spiritual qualities. Their music mainly concerns a projection of the band's philosophy, namely glorification of the occult and Satanism, but also nature and Shamanism. http://arthemesia.blackmetal.fi/ Not saved yet Aryan Cargo Express airline Aryan Cargo Express was a cargo airline based in New Delhi, India. http://www.acex.in/ Not saved yet As Tall as Lions musical group As Tall As Lions was an indie rock band from Long Island, New York. http://www.astallaslions.com Not saved yet Ascari Cars automobile manufacturer
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.ascari.net/ Not saved yet Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now advocacy group The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) was an international collection of autonomous community-based organizations that advocated for low- and moderate-income families by working on neighborhood safety, voter registration, health care, affordable housing, and other social issues. They are affiliated under ACORN International. http://www.acorn.org/ Not saved yet Asylum Street Spankers musical group Asylum Street Spankers was an acoustic blues and roots rock band from Austin, Texas. The band played cover versions of early jazz and comical, often risque original songs. http://www.asylumstreetspankers.com/ Not saved yet Athens Airways airline Athens Airways was a Greek regional airline, headquartered in Koropi, Athens. The airline used to connect Alexandroupoli, Athens and Thessaloniki with some Greek islands, as well offering chartered flights. The airline was founded in 2008 and launched scheduled flights on 31 January 2009. http://www.athensairways.com/en Not saved yet Atlanta Blackhawks association football club Atlanta Blackhawks was an American soccer team based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Founded in 2009, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Southeast Division of the Southern Conference. The franchise folded at the end of the 2010 season and left the league thereafter.
2010 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state) http://www.FCAtlantaBlackhawks.com Not saved yet Attack in Black musical group Attack in Black was a Canadian indie rock band from Welland, Ontario. They first signed to Skate Ahead Records for their self-titled album debut in 2005. In spring 2006, they signed with Dine Alone Records. In late 2008 Ian and Daniel along with Steve Lambke (a.k.a. Baby Eagle) of the Constantines, formed their own label, You've Changed Records.
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.myspace.com/attackinblack Not saved yet Auckland Regional Transport Authority business The Auckland Regional Transport Authority (ARTA) was the central co-ordinating agency for transport (especially but not only public transport) in the Auckland Region of New Zealand from 2004 to 2010. In this role, ARTA provided public transport services, assigned funding and subsidies, and organised and advised on many aspects of regionwide transport. ARTA was under the control of the Auckland Regional Council (ARC) and was replaced by Auckland Transport on 1 November 2010. http://www.arta.co.nz Not saved yet Aurora Publishing (United States) business
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.aurora-publishing.com/Default.aspx Not saved yet Austin Aztex FC association football club Austin Aztex FC was an American professional soccer team based in Austin, Texas, United States. Founded in 2008, the team played in the USL First Division, and in the USL Division of the USSF D2 Pro League, the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. In October 2010, the Aztex were relocated to Orlando, Florida and became Orlando City after Orlando USL's rights were purchased by Phil Rawlins. The team was resurrected in 2011 by minority owner David Markley as the Austin Aztex, which began play in the USL Premier Development League in 2012 and moved to United Soccer League in 2014.
2010 disestablishments in Texas http://www.austinaztex.com/ Not saved yet Australian Greenhouse Office government agency The Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO) was formed in 1998 within the Government of Australia as a stand-alone agency within the environment portfolio to provide a whole of government approach to greenhouse matters. It was the world's first government agency dedicated to cutting greenhouse gas emissions, managed Australia's response to climate change, and provided government-sanctioned information to the public.
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ Not saved yet Australian and New Zealand Wine Industry Journal magazine
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.winetitles.com.au/wij/ Not saved yet Avitrans airline Avitrans was a charter airline based in Stockholm, Sweden. It operated ad hoc passenger and cargo charters, as well as wet-leasing aircraft to other carriers. It started operations in 2004 and had 70 employees. Its main base was Växjö Airport. A large portion of their flights was performed for the travel organiser and partial owner Sverigeflyg, with brand names Blekingeflyg, FlySmåland, Gotlandsflyg, Kalmarflyg, Kullaflyg, and Sundsvallsflyg. http://www.avitrans.se/ Not saved yet Azerbaijan International University university Azerbaijan International University was a private university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. Founded in 1997, it had more than 6000 students and 268 faculty. Graduate programs included Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacology, Economics, Education, Law etc.
2010 disestablishments in Azerbaijan http://www.abu.az/ Not saved yet BFG Technologies business BFG Technologies was a privately held U.S.-based supplier of power supplies and video cards based on NVIDIA graphics technology and a manufacturer of high-end gaming/home theater computer systems. BFG Technologies branded products were available in North America and Europe at retailers and e-tailers. The company's main headquarters was located in Lake County, Illinois, near Lake Forest. http://www.bfgtech.com/ Not saved yet Bahn TV television station Bahn TV (Rail TV) was a television channel owned by Deutsche Bahn, the German state-owned railway company. It started broadcasting in 2001 and closed on 31 December 2010. From February to 31 December 2010 the channel was called DB Bewegtbild (DB Moving Image).
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://bewegtbild.deutschebahn.com/btvo/site/ Not saved yet Ballas Hough Band musical group http://www.ballashough.com Not saved yet Banca di Roma business
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.bancaroma.it/ Not saved yet Banco Federal business Banco Federal was a Venezuelan bank based in Caracas. At the end of April 2010 it was the country's 11th-largest bank, with deposits of 7.66 billion bolivars, or 2.82 percent of total deposits in the banking system. In June 2010 the bank was taken over by Venezuela's banking regulator, after it had failed to meet minimum reserve requirements and investment quotas. It had been told to expand its capital base by 1.5bn bolivars (around $350m), and had only raised B100m. At least 12 other banks had been taken over since November 2009 after speculation about bank insolvency. http://www.bancofederal.com/ Not saved yet Banco Privado Português business Banco Privado Português (BPP) was a private Portuguese bank, based in Lisbon. http://informa.bpp.pt/Default.aspx Not saved yet Banco di Sicilia business Banco di Sicilia was an Italian bank based in Palermo, Sicily. It was a subsidiary of UniCredit but absorbed into the parent company in 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.bancodisicilia.it Not saved yet Bank of Florida business
2010 disestablishments in Florida http://www.bankofflorida.com/ Not saved yet Bank of Rajasthan business
2010 disestablishments in India http://www.bankofrajasthan.com Not saved yet Banka Koper Slovenia Open The Banka Koper Slovenia Open was a women's tennis tournament held in Portorož, Slovenia, from 2005 until 2010. The WTA Tour event was a WTA International tournament and was played on outdoor hardcourts.
2010 disestablishments in Slovenia http://www.sloveniaopen.si/ Not saved yet Bankhaus Reuschel & Co. private bank Bankhaus Reuschel & Co. was founded in 1947. It has been part of the Dresdner Bank AG Group since 1970 and joined the Allianz Group in 2001.
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.reuschel.com Not saved yet BeFour musical group beFour was a German pop group founded in Cologne. The members were cast for the television show beFour: Das Star-Tagebuch ("The Star Diary"), which was broadcast daily at 14:20 for three months. The first single "Magic Melody" is a cover version of the song "Around The World" by ATC, whose have some different lyrics, and based in the song "Pesenka", originally performed by the Russian band Ruki Vverh! in 1998. The single "No Limit" is a remake of the same song by 2 Unlimited. http://www.befour.de/ Not saved yet Beebe Ranch equestrianism Beebe Ranch is an American horse ranch and museum located at 3062 Ridge Road, Chincoteague, Virginia. The museum closed in 2010. Six years later Beebe Ranch re-opened on July 27, 2016. The museum focused on two Chincoteague Ponies, Misty and her foal Stormy, featured in the novels Misty of Chincoteague (1947) and Stormy, Misty's Foal (1963) by Marguerite Henry. Misty and Stormy resided at the ranch and their taxidermically preserved figures were displayed at the museum for many years. Misty had stayed in the house at the ranch during the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962, a major winter storm that struck the coast and became the basis for the book Stormy, Misty's Foal.
2010 disestablishments in Virginia http://beeberanch.vpweb.com Not saved yet Bibigon television channel Bibigon (Russian: Бибигон) is a defunct Russian television channel dedicated to children and adolescents. The channel, a subsidiary of Russia-1 and owned by VGTRK, first launched on September 1, 2007. Was originally launched as a block in daytime on Russia, Sport and Kultura. Bibigon was only available in Russia and Armenia.
2010 disestablishments in Russia http://www.bibigon.ru/ Not saved yet Big Star musical group Big Star was an American rock band formed in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1971 by Alex Chilton, Chris Bell, Jody Stephens, and Andy Hummel. The group broke up in early 1975, and reorganized with a new lineup 18 years later following a reunion concert at the University of Missouri. http://bigstarband.com/ Not saved yet Billboard Türkiye newspaper Billboard Türkiye was a Turkish language publication in agreement with the American Billboard. The magazine existed between 2006 and 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Turkey http://www.billboard.com.tr/ Not saved yet Blaenau Gwent People's Voice political party
2010 disestablishments in Wales http://www.blaenaugwentpeoplesvoice.org/ Not saved yet Blakfish musical ensemble Blakfish was a mathcore band, also described as 'death pop' by the NME, The band from Birmingham, England formed in the year 2000 after meeting and becoming friends at school, contrary to their frequent fabricated claims that they all met in juvenile prison. https://www.myspace.com/blakfish Not saved yet Blue Wings airline
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.bluewings.com/cms/index.php?no_cache=1&id=191&L=1 Not saved yet Bluegrass Balloon Festival hot air balloon festival The Bluegrass Balloon Festival, formerly called the Adam Matthews Balloon Festival, was the fifth largest hot air balloon festival in the United States, and the largest in the state of Kentucky. From 1999 to 2009, it was held annually in late September at Bowman Field in Louisville, Kentucky.
2010 disestablishments in Kentucky http://www.bluegrassballoons.com/ Not saved yet Boom Sport One television channel Boom Sport One was a Romanian sports channel which was available only via DTH platform Boom TV. The channel had the broadcast rights for:
2010 disestablishments in Romania http://www.boomsport.ro Not saved yet Boom Sport Two television channel Boom Sport Two was a Romanian sports channel which was available only via Direct To Home platform Boom TV. The channel had the broadcast rights for:
2010 disestablishments in Romania http://www.boomextra.ro/Boom-sport-two_360_ro.html Not saved yet Border City Wrestling business Border City Wrestling (BCW) is an independent professional wrestling promotion based in Windsor, Ontario. Many BCW employees were trained by Scott D'Amore, the owner and booker of BCW, at the Can-Am Wrestling School. The promotion merged with BSE Pro to create Maximum Pro Wrestling in 2010 before returning to running BCW shows in 2012. http://bordercitywrestling.com/ Not saved yet Bramalea Blues ice hockey team The Bramalea Blues were a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Bramalea, Ontario, Canada. Their final two seasons were played in Brampton, Ontario at the Powerade Centre. They were a part of the Ontario Junior A Hockey League but also used to be a part of the Metro Junior A Hockey League. They joined the OPJHL in 1995. In 2010 the Blues took a buyout offer from their league to cease operations.
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.bramaleablues.com/ Not saved yet Bremenfly charter airline
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.bremenfly.com/ Not saved yet British American Football League sports league The British American Football League (BAFL) was the United Kingdom's primary American Football league from 1998 until 2010. It was formerly known as the British Senior League (BSL) until 2005. BAFL was the trading name for Gridiron Football League Ltd incorporated as a Company limited by guarantee. Registration number: 2353839. The company went into administration on 1 April 2010, and the company ceased to trade as from this date.
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.bafl.org.uk Not saved yet British National Space Centre government agency The British National Space Centre (BNSC) was an agency of the Government of the United Kingdom, organised in 1985, that coordinated civil space activities for the UK. It was replaced on 1 April 2010 by the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA).
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.bnsc.gov.uk/ Not saved yet British Nuclear Fuels Ltd business
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.bnfl.com/ Not saved yet Brooks & Dunn musical duo Brooks & Dunn is an American country music duo consisting of Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn, both vocalists and songwriters. The duo was founded in 1990 through the suggestion of Tim DuBois. Before the foundation, both members were solo recording artists. Both members charted two solo singles apiece in the 1980s, with Brooks also releasing an album for Capitol Records in 1989 and writing hit singles for other artists. http://www.brooks-dunn.com/ Not saved yet Budcat Creations video game developer Budcat Creations was a video game developer based in Iowa City, Iowa, United States and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Activision, though they formerly had partnerships with Electronic Arts and Majesco Entertainment. They were largely responsible for porting titles to non-target consoles. They had worked on a number of blockbuster gaming franchises, among them Guitar Hero, Madden NFL, and Medal of Honor. They have also produced a few original titles, including Blast Works: Build, Trade, Destroy and The New York Times Crosswords. http://www.budcat.com Not saved yet Budgie (band) musical group http://www.budgie.uk.com Not saved yet Buenaventura Press Buenaventura Press was a publisher and distributor for comics, prints, anthologies and graphic novels based in Oakland, California, run by Alvin Buenaventura. http://www.buenaventurapress.com/ Not saved yet Burden of a Day musical group Burden of a Day was an American post-hardcore band, from Sarasota, Florida, formed in January 2000. They were formally signed to Rise Records before their breakup. Some of their influences include the likes of Thrice, The Bled, All That Remains. They played their last show in Sarasota on March 6, 2010. Burden of a Day started as a worship band in church, until they were moved to reach out to people with their music. http://www.myspace.com/burdenofaday Not saved yet Bureau of Rural Sciences The Bureau of Rural Sciences (BRS) is a scientific agency within the Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. The BRS was merged with the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE) in 2010, 24 years after its creation in 1986.
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.affa.gov.au/brs Not saved yet Burgundy Records record label Burgundy Records was an American record label and subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment. http://www.burgundyrecords.com/ Not saved yet Buried Inside musical group Buried Inside was a Canadian band from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.buriedinside.com/ Not saved yet Burundaiavia airline http://www.burundaiavia.kz/ Not saved yet Butterfield Elementary School (Lake Elsinore, California) elementary school in the United States
2010 disestablishments in California http://leusd.bes.schoolfusion.us/modules/cms/announce.phtml?sessionid=9a8880295e3f6c9a2f55f8642ac59902&sessionid=9a8880295e3f6c9a2f55f8642ac59902 Not saved yet C.O.R.E. business https://coredp.com/ Not saved yet CF Atlético Ciudad association football club
2010 disestablishments in Spain http://www.caciudaddemurcia.es/ Not saved yet CF Extremadura association football club
2010 disestablishments in Spain http://www.extremaduracf.blogspot.com/ Not saved yet CHSC (AM) radio station
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.radiouno.ca/ Not saved yet CJUL radio station CJUL was an English-language Canadian radio station located in Cornwall, Ontario.
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.am1220.ca Not saved yet CVS/pharmacy LPGA Challenge golf tournament In 1996 the tournament was known as the Twelve Bridges LPGA Classic. Between 1997 and 2008 the title sponsor was Longs Drugs, a drugstore chain headquartered in Walnut Creek and the tournament was known as the Longs Drugs Challenge. In October 2008, CVS/pharmacy completed its purchase of the Longs chain and took over the sponsorship of the tournament, renamed the CVS/pharmacy LPGA Challenge for 2009. CVS sponsored the tournament for two years before dropping its support; the final year was 2010.
2010 disestablishments in California http://cvslpga.com/ Not saved yet Cable & Wireless plc business Cable & Wireless plc was a British telecommunications company. In the mid-1980s, it became the first company in the UK to offer an alternative telephone service to British Telecom (via subsidiary Mercury Communications). The company later offered cable TV to its customers, but it sold its cable assets to NTL in 2000. It remained a significant player in the UK telecoms market and in certain overseas markets, especially in the former British colonies of the Caribbean, where it was formerly the monopoly incumbent. It was also the main supplier of communication in the British South Atlantic, including Saint Helena and the Falkland Islands. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. http://www.cw.com/ Not saved yet Caja Madrid savings bank of Spain Caja Madrid, formally the Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Madrid, headquartered in Madrid, was the oldest of the Spanish savings banks. It was founded on 3 December 1702, by Francisco Piquer, an Aragonese priest. Caja Madrid was the regional-owned bank of the Community of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid).
2010 disestablishments in Spain http://www.fundacionmontemadrid.es Not saved yet Canwest business Canwest Global Communications Corporation, which operated under the corporate name, Canwest, was a major Canadian media company based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, with its head offices at Canwest Place. It held radio, television broadcasting and publishing assets in several countries, primarily in Canada.
2010 disestablishments in Manitoba http://www.canwest.com/ Not saved yet Cap 24 television channel Cap 24 was a French regional television channel, available in Paris and Île-de-France region, broadcasting from the Eiffel Tower. It began broadcasting on 20 March 2008.
2010 disestablishments in France http://www.cap24.com Not saved yet Capital Airlines (Nigeria) airline http://www.capitalairnigeria.com/ Not saved yet Cardinal Gibbons School (Baltimore, Maryland) school
2010 disestablishments in Maryland http://www.cardinalgibbons.com Not saved yet Caribbean Air Sign airline Caribbean Air Sign, previously named FlyTortuga, was a Dominican-based carrier that operates flights into the Dominican Republic, with domestics flights, and from Dominican Republic to the Caribbean.
2010 disestablishments in the Dominican Republic http://caribbeanairsigns.com/ Not saved yet Cavia (company) video game developer
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.cavia.com/en_web_data/index.html Not saved yet Centre de la Mer et des Eaux public aquarium The Centre de la Mer et des Eaux was an aquarium and museum of marine life located in the 5th arrondissement in the building of the Institut Océanographique at 195, rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France. It closed in November 2010. http://www.oceano.org/cme2 Not saved yet Centre pour l'Image Contemporaine art museum The Centre pour l'Image Contemporaine or CIC was a contemporary art exhibition centre in Geneva, Switzerland.
2010 disestablishments in Switzerland http://www.centreimage.ch/ Not saved yet Centre-Avia airline http://www.centreavia.ru/ Not saved yet Chances Bar nightclub Chances Bar was a nightclub in the Montrose neighborhood of Houston, Texas, which catered to the local LGBT community, particularly lesbians. According to the Chances Bar Tribute Site, the bar opened in August 1994. The space had been owned by the Vastakis family since it was Charlie's Coffee Shop in the 1970s.
2010s disestablishments in Texas http://www.chancesbar.com/ Not saved yet Channel NSW Channel NSW (also known as CNSW) was a community information digital television channel that ran under trial in the Sydney area. The service was provided and operated by the Government of New South Wales. It was carried via Digital 44 using the Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T) system had its own channel on Channel 45.
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.nsw.gov.au/channelnsw/ Not saved yet Chapterhouse musical group Chapterhouse was a British shoegazing/alternative rock band from Reading, Berkshire, England. Formed in 1987 by Andrew Sherriff and Stephen Patman, the band began performing alongside Spacemen 3. They released two albums entitled Whirlpool (1991) and Blood Music (1993). After the band split in 1994, Sherriff later formed Biocom. The group temporarily reformed in 2008 after being asked to join Ulrich Schnauss onstage to perform his cover version of their song "Love Forever" at the Truck Festival in Oxfordshire. The band finished the brief reunion with two shows in London (2009–2010) and tours in North America and Japan in 2010. http://www.chapterhouse.info Not saved yet Chester City F.C. association football club
2010 disestablishments in England http://chester-city.co.uk/ Not saved yet Chevy Chase Bank savings and loan association http://www.chevychasebank.com/ Not saved yet Chloride Group business Chloride Group, a business of Vertiv, is the UK's largest supplier of secure power systems to hospitals and other public buildings and facilities. Formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange and a constituent of FTSE 250 index, the company has been owned by Emerson Electric since September 2010.
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.chloridepower.com/ Not saved yet Christian National Union political party The Christian National Union , abbreviated to ZChN, was a Polish nationalist political party in Poland. Founded on 15 September 1989, the party traced its tradition to the Solidarity movement, as well as pre-war National Democracy and Polish Christian Democratic Party.
2010 disestablishments in Poland http://zchn.waw.pl/ Not saved yet Cing video game developer
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.cing.co.jp/ Not saved yet Ciné First specialty channel Ciné First was a French television channel, part of the AB Groupe which shows exclusive films, oriented towards an adult audience.
2010 disestablishments in France http://www.cinefirst.tv Not saved yet Civic Arena (Pittsburgh) stadium
2010 disestablishments in Pennsylvania http://www.mellonarena.com Not saved yet Clayton College of Natural Health university The Clayton College of Natural Health was a non-accredited American distance-learning natural health college based in Birmingham, Alabama, offering classes in various forms of alternative medicine. The school was founded in 1980 by Lloyd Clayton Jr. as the American College of Holistic Nutrition. According to its website, the school at one point had more than 25,000 students and graduates. The school and some of its more notable graduates have been the subject of controversy. http://www.ccnh.edu/ Not saved yet Cleveland Internationals association football club Cleveland Internationals was an American soccer team based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Founded in 2004, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Great Lakes Division of the Central Conference. The franchise folded at the end of the 2010 season and left the league thereafter.
2010 disestablishments in Ohio http://www.internationalssoccer.com Not saved yet Codeine Velvet Club musical group Codeine Velvet Club was a Scottish alternative rock band formed in 2008 by Lou Hickey and Jon Lawler, a.k.a. Jon Fratelli from The Fratellis. The band's debut album Codeine Velvet Club was released on 28 December 2009 in the UK and on 6 April 2010 in the US.
2010 disestablishments in Scotland http://www.codeinevelvetclub.com/ Not saved yet Comic Yuri Hime S magazine was a quarterly yuri manga magazine published by Ichijinsha. The first issue was published on June 18, 2007. It was the sister magazine of Comic Yuri Hime. The contributors were mostly shōnen and seinen manga authors. The magazine is aimed at male readers, and included moe elements. In 2010 it was merged with Comic Yuri Hime.
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/special/yurihimes/ Not saved yet Commonweal Lodge independent school Commonweal Lodge was an independent school for girls aged between eleven and nineteen, located on the Webb Estate in Purley operating between 1916 and 2010.
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.lodgeschool.co.uk/commonweal/ Not saved yet Compass Point Studios recording studio Compass Point Studios was founded in 1977 by Chris Blackwell, the owner of Island Records. In the late 1970s and mid-1980s, many musical artists from across the world came to the Bahamas to record music at its facilities. Many producers, including Chris Blackwell himself, used the studio to produce recordings. AC/DC's Back In Black, the third highest selling album ever, was just one of the many albums recorded there. Other well-known artists who recorded there include: Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Julio Iglesias, Serge Gainsbourg, The Rolling Stones, Etta James, Colin James, The Tragically Hip, Grace Jones, Lil Kim, Shakira, Celine Dion, U2, Saga, Robert Palmer, Thompson Twins, Tom Tom Club, Talking Heads, Dire Straits, Electric Light Orchestra, Bob Marley, Eric Clapton, James Brown, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Roxy Music, Bonnie Tyler, Björk, The B-52's, Lenny Kravitz, Spandau Ballet and David Bowie.
2010 disestablishments in the Bahamas http://www.compasspointstudios.com Not saved yet Confide (band) musical group http://www.confideband.com Not saved yet Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation Research Centre organization The Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation Research Centre (CLARRC) was a multi-disciplinary centre of excellence based in the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1998 until 2010. CLARRC was a focus for collaboration between different institutions and aimed to encourage engagement between industry and Scottish Higher Education Institutions.
2010 disestablishments in Scotland http://www.clarrc.ed.ac.uk Not saved yet Continental Baseball League sports league The Continental Baseball League, based in Addison, Texas, was an independent minor league professional baseball league that operated for four seasons, from 2007 to 2010. The league conceived as a professional, independent baseball organization operating in the U.S. states of New Mexico, Louisiana and Texas in cities not served by Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball teams nor affiliated with either. The league was founded by Ron Baron and former major leaguer Jay Johnstone.
2010 disestablishments in the United States http://www.cblproball.com/ Not saved yet Continental Micronesia airline http://www.continental.com/ Not saved yet Continental Packaging Solutions business
2010 disestablishments in Illinois http://www.BerlinPackaging.com/ Not saved yet Contrived musical group Contrived was a Canadian indie rock band, active in the 2000s. Based in Halifax, Nova Scotia and Montreal, Quebec, the band consisted of Mike Bigelow, Loel Campbell, Mike MacNeill, Tim D'Eon and Jon Samuel. Four of the five members are also in the band Wintersleep, and two are in Holy Fuck. http://www.myspace.com/contrived Not saved yet CoolBrands International public company CoolBrands International was a Canadian frozen food and dessert company based in Markham, Ontario.
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.coolbrandsinc.com/ Not saved yet Copeland (band) musical group http://www.thecopelandsite.com Not saved yet Copterline Oy helicopter airline Copterline Oy was Finland's largest helicopter airline. In 2004 the company ferried over 75,000 passengers. On December 19, 2008, Copterline confirmed that it had ceased its scheduled service between Helsinki and Tallinn. On 15 February 2010, Copterline filed for bankruptcy, citing inability to keep the company profitable. Its head office was located on the grounds of Helsinki-Malmi Airport in Helsinki. In 2011, Line Support Oy, founded by mostly the same group as Copterline Oy, announced a resumption of service from September, operated by its Estonian subsidiary Copterline OÜ. On 9 September 2011, the first commercial flights were undertaken.
2010 disestablishments in Finland http://www.fast-class.com/ Not saved yet Core Design video game developer http://www.core-design.com Not saved yet Cornell Companies business Cornell Companies (NYSE:CRN) was an American corporation that operated correctional facilities, contracting them to state and local governments. The company's headquarters were located in Houston, Texas. On August 12, 2010, Cornell was acquired by the GEO Group. http://www.cornellcompanies.com/ Not saved yet Cornish Colony Museum art museum The Cornish Colony Museum was located in Windsor, Vermont. It was an art museum and educational institution, dedicated to displaying and teaching about the creative individuals who lived and worked in the Cornish Art Colony. The Cornish Colony Museum was operated by The Cornish Colony Museum of Windsor Vermont, a 501(c)3 non-profit educational corporation.
2010 disestablishments in Vermont http://www.cornishcolonymuseum.org Not saved yet Costume Museum of Canada fashion museum The Costume Museum of Canada is dedicated to fashion and clothing. It is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
2010 disestablishments in Manitoba http://www.costumemuseumcanada.com/ Not saved yet Cruiser Linhas Aéreas airline Cruiser Linhas Aéreas was an airline based in Curitiba, Brazil. It used to operate domestic services to 10 destinations in the states of Paraná, Rondônia and Mato Grosso, as well as charter and air taxi services within Brazil. Its main base is Curitiba-Bacacheri Airport (BFH). http://www.voecruiser.com.br/ Not saved yet Crush Luther musical group Crush Luther was a Canadian pop-rock band based in Toronto, best known for their 2007 single "City Girl" and 2010 single "A Light".
2010 disestablishments in Ontario http://www.crushluther.com/ Not saved yet Crystal Palace Baltimore association football club Crystal Palace Baltimore was an American professional soccer team based in Baltimore, Maryland, US. Founded in 2006, the club was originally named Crystal Palace USA and was affiliated with English side Crystal Palace.
2010 disestablishments in Maryland http://www.palacebaltimore.com/ Not saved yet Crítica de la Argentina newspaper Crítica de la Argentina was a daily newspaper from Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2010 disestablishments in Argentina http://criticadigital.com/tapaedicion/ Not saved yet Cuil web search engine Cuil was a search engine that organized web pages by content and displayed relatively long entries along with thumbnail pictures for many results. Cuil said it had a larger index than any other search engine, with about 120 billion web pages. It went live on July 28, 2008. Cuil's servers were shut down on September 17, 2010, with later confirmations the service had ended. http://www.cuil.com/ Not saved yet Cycle News magazine Cycle News is a motorcycling magazine and website based in the United States, it was a weekly print publication from 1965 to 2010 and switched to a weekly digital magazine in February 2011. The magazine is headquartered in Irvine, California and is best known for coverage of all forms of motorcycle racing.
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.cyclenews.com/ Not saved yet DFW Tornados association football club DFW Tornados (also known as Dallas–Fort Worth Tornados) was an American soccer team based in Dallas, Texas, United States. Founded in 1986, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Mid South Division of the Southern Conference. The franchise folded at the end of the 2010 season and left the league thereafter.
2010 disestablishments in Texas http://www.dfwtornados.org Not saved yet Dana College college Dana College is a defunct baccalaureate college located in Blair, Nebraska. Its rural 150-acre (607,000 m²) campus is approximately 26 miles (40 km) northwest of Omaha, and overlooks a portion of the Missouri River Valley. The campus was planned to be purchased by Midland University, which expressed its intention to re-open the campus in 2015 or 2016, but dropped plans in early 2016. http://www.dana.edu/ Not saved yet Danish Touringcar Championship automobile racing series The Danish Touringcar Championship (abbreviated as the DTC) was a touring car racing series in Denmark. The inaugural year for the DTC was 1999, after the huge success in Scandinavia of the British Touring Car Championship. For the first two years it was known as the Danish Touring Car Challenge. The final DTC season was in 2010, as the series merged with the Swedish Touring Car Championship to form the Scandinavian Touring Car Championship.
2010 disestablishments in Denmark http://www.dtc-net.dk/ Not saved yet Day Software content management system Day Software was an enterprise content management software company headquartered in Basel, Switzerland and Boston, Massachusetts. Day Software was founded in 1993 in Basel, Switzerland.
2010 disestablishments in Massachusetts, 2010 disestablishments in Switzerland http://www.day.com/ Not saved yet Deitch Projects commercial art gallery Deitch Projects was a contemporary art gallery in New York City founded by Jeffrey Deitch. Deitch Projects had a gallery and project space at 76 Grand Street and 18 Wooster Street in SoHo, and previously an additional in Long Island City. After his three-year tenure at the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art from 2010 to 2013, Deitch moved back to his New York spaces, renaming them Jeffrey Deitch.
2010 disestablishments in New York (state) http://www.deitch.com Not saved yet Del Rey Manga comics publishing company Del Rey Manga was the manga-publishing imprint of Del Rey Books, a branch of Ballantine Books, which in turn is part of Random House, the publishing division of Bertelsmann. It was formed as part of a cross-publishing relationship with Japanese publisher Kodansha. Some of the Del Rey titles, such as Tsubasa Chronicle and xxxHolic, are published in the United Kingdom by Tanoshimi. Tricia Narwani, the editor of Del Rey, stated that "Del Rey finds most of its talent through conventions and existing professional contacts."
2010 disestablishments in New York (state) http://www.randomhouse.com/delrey/manga/index.pperl Not saved yet Deltacom business Deltacom, known as ITC^Deltacom until 2006, was a regional competitive local exchange carrier operating in the southern United States, primarily in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Deltacom provided local telephone service and long distance calling, Internet service and wide area network connectivity via frame relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, or dedicated point-to-point telecommunication circuits. Deltacom also provided directory assistance to its own customers and sold the service to other carriers.
2010 disestablishments in the United States http://www.deltacom.com/ Not saved yet Democratic Left (Italy) political party
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.sinistra-democratica.it/ Not saved yet Democratic Left People's Party political party Democratic Left People's Party was a short-lived political party in Turkey. It was founded by ex-members of Democratic Left Party, led by Rahşan Ecevit. Its founding leader was Hulki Cevizoğlu. Cevizoğlu quit the office on January 13, 2010. In the founder's meeting on January 17, 2010, Rahşan Ecevit was elected as new leader.
2010 disestablishments in Turkey http://www.dshp.org.tr/ Not saved yet Democratic Socialist Perspective political party The Democratic Socialist Perspective (DSP) was an Australian Marxist political group, which operated as the largest component of a broad-left socialist formation, the Socialist Alliance. In 2010, the DSP voted to merge into the Socialist Alliance.
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.dsp.org.au/ Not saved yet Department for Children, Schools and Families government agency Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF; stylised as all lowercase) was a department of the UK government, between 2007 and 2010, responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including child protection and education. DCSF was replaced by the Department for Education after the change of government following the General Election 2010.
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/ Not saved yet Department of Climate Change government agency The Department of Climate Change was an Australian Government department that existed between 2007 and 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ Not saved yet Destroyer Magazine magazine
2010 disestablishments in Sweden http://destroyerjournal.com/ Not saved yet Dio – Distraught Overlord musical group
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.distraught-overlord.com/ Not saved yet Director, Public Transport Safety business The Director, Public Transport Safety (the Safety Director) was the independent Government agency responsible for rail and bus safety in the State of Victoria, Australia, between 1 August 2006 and 30 June 2010. The position was created as a statutory office by statute in early 2006 and was the State's first independent public transport safety position. The office was superseded by the position of the Director, Transport Safety which commenced operation on 1 July 2010. The former Safety Director, Public Transport Safety, Alan Osborne, was directly appointed to the new office.
2010 disestablishments in Australia http://www.transport.vic.gov.au Not saved yet Don Balón Award award
2010 disestablishments in Spain http://www.donbalon.com Not saved yet E.M.D. musical group E.M.D. was a Swedish boyband consisting of Erik Segerstedt, Mattias Andréasson and Danny Saucedo. All three members had participated on the Swedish version of Idol, with Erik as a finalist and Danny at 6th place on Idol 2006. Mattias was eliminated as the fourth runner-up on Idol 2007.
2010 disestablishments in Sweden http://emdartist.se/emd Not saved yet EDB Business Partner business
2010 disestablishments in Norway http://www.edb.com Not saved yet Earl Scheib business Earl Scheib was a company which specialized in low quality repainting and collision repair of automobiles, with locations in 23 states in the United States. It ceased operations nationwide on July 16, 2010. http://www.earlscheib.com/ Not saved yet EasyCruise business EasyCruise (styled as easyCruise) was a cruise line of Greek ferry operator Hellenic Seaways. It was sold to them in August 2009 for £9 million by founder and Cypriot/British business man, Stelios Haji-Ioannou. They launched their first cruise ship EasyCruiseOne in 2005. Unlike other cruise lines, EasyCruise's business model offered passengers an inexpensive no-frills vacation with a la carte pricing for on board food and services. EasyCruise ended operations in early 2010. http://www.easycruise.com Not saved yet Elmhurst High School secondary school Elmhurst High School was a public high school with a comprehensive intake and over 1,000 students. Elmhurst High School was a part of the Fort Wayne Community Schools school district, serving those living in the Waynedale area of Fort Wayne. It received accreditation from the Indiana Department of Education and the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools.
2010 disestablishments in Indiana http://elmhursthighschool.org Not saved yet Elvian School school The Elvian School was an independent school in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom run by the Licensed Trade Charity as a co-educational, non-denominational Christian school. It was previously the Catholic boys' school Presentation College, Reading, until it went into administration in 2004. In March 2010 it was announced that the school would close at the end of the academic year.
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.elvian.reading.sch.uk/ Not saved yet Embarq Florida business
2010 disestablishments in Florida http://www.centurylink.com/ Not saved yet Emirates Business 24/7 periodical literature Emirates Business 24/7 was a newspaper published in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. The paper ceased its print version in July 2010 and became an online publication in 2010.
2010 disestablishments in the United Arab Emirates http://www.business24-7.ae/Pages/Default.aspx Not saved yet Enoki Films business http://enoki-films.co.jp/ Not saved yet Ensweiler Academy high school Ensweiler Academy was a seven-year (6-12) alternative school of the Lake Ridge Schools Corporation in unincorporated Lake County, Indiana, United States. It won the Indiana Exemplary Award for alternative schools in Indiana twice (2001 and 2003). It accepted students from the Highland, Lake Ridge, Lake Central, and Whiting school districts. Students were referred from their home school. It closed at the end of the 2009-2010 school year. http://lakeridge.k12.in.us:80/13891032114296870/site/default.asp Not saved yet Entertain Magazine magazine Entertain Magazine was a British newsstand magazine devoted to Film, DVD, Video Games and Themed Entertainment. It was published every two months, with the first issue going on sale in January 2007. The publication was notable as the first UK news trade, entertainment magazine to be published on DVD format. During its run, Entertain featured exclusive video features on Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, Star Trek, The Simpsons Ride at Universal Studios Hollywood, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Orlando and Thunderbirds "Stand By for Action".
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.expansivemedia.com Not saved yet Entertainment Software Publishing video game developer Entertainment Software Publishing (エンターテインメント・ソフトウェア・パブリッシング), or ESP, was a computer game publisher. It was created in 1997, primarily as a support company for the developer studios that made up GD-NET (Game Developers Network). ESP took the burdens of public relations and sales out of the hands of game studios. http://www.esp-web.co.jp/ Not saved yet ErgoGroup business ErgoGroup was a Nordic information technology corporation, systems integrator and consulting company headquartered in Oslo, Norway. The company provided services for IT operations, business solutions, outsourcing, infrastructure and consulting. ErgoGroup had a total of 90 offices and regional branches throughout Norway, Sweden and Finland, and was a subsidiary of Posten Norge, the Norwegian Postal Service. It was the second largest ICT operations company in Norway. The company also held partial ownership in SYSteam, TransWare, Gecko, Eiendomsverdi, Buypass, Eye-Share and Bekk Consulting. ErgoGroup merged with EDB Business Partner in 2010, creating EVRY.
2010 disestablishments in Norway http://www.evry.no/ Not saved yet Ersboda SK association football club
2010 disestablishments in Sweden http://www.ersbodask.com/ Not saved yet EuroBancshares business Over the years, the name of the institution changed on various occasions. In 1988, after 9 years of operating under the name Española de Finanzas Trust Company, its name was changed to First Community Trust Company. In 1990, following the change in business strategy to lending activities focused on lines of credit to businesses and business loans to individuals of high net worth, the company changed its name to Eurobank & Trust Company. The company changed its name to EuroBancshares shortly thereafter. In view of the rapidly expanding residential home mortgage market in Puerto Rico, Eurobank established a Mortgage Division in late quarter 1999. However, after the late 2000s financial crisis occurred, the company suffered adversely, and on April 30, 2010, its deposits and assets were seized by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
2010 disestablishments in Puerto Rico http://www.eurobankpr.com/ Not saved yet Eurocypria Airlines airline http://www.eurocypria.com Not saved yet Eurofly airline Eurofly was a privately owned airline based in Milan, Italy. Listed on MTA Stock Exchange and controlled by Meridiana, it was Italy's leading carrier in leisure flights market and mainly operated international, medium to long haul, point-to-point flights.
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.eurofly.it Not saved yet European Trophy Junior award European Trophy Junior (previously named Nordic Trophy Junior between 2007 and 2009) was the junior edition of the European Trophy ice hockey tournament. European Trophy Junior was for ice hockey players younger than the age of 20. It was played in August every year. The tournament was cancelled after 2010. http://www.europeantrophy.com/junior.php Not saved yet Excell International School school Excell International School was a small independent, co-educational, day and boarding school located in Boston, Lincolnshire, England for children aged between 3 and 18. An amalgamation of two previous schools, Conway School and Maypole House School. Parents were told in a letter that the school and the Chatterbox Nursery associated with it would close on 16 July 2010, as they had been suffering "financial difficulties due to dwindling numbers".
2010 disestablishments in England http://xl1884.co.uk/ Not saved yet FC Benavent association football club
2010 disestablishments in Spain http://www.fcbenavent.com/ Not saved yet FC Cetatea Suceava association football club
2010 disestablishments in Romania http://www.cetateasuceava.ro/ Not saved yet FC Eintracht Bamberg association football club FC Eintracht Bamberg is a German association football club from the city of Bamberg, Bavaria. The footballers are part of a sports club formed on 1 April 2006 out of the union of 1. FC Bamberg and TSV Eintracht Bamberg. With over 1,500 members it is one of the largest sports associations in the Upper Franconia region of the state and has departments for bowling, karate, gymnastics, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball.
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.fc-eintracht-2010.de/ Not saved yet FC Gold Pride women's association football club FC Gold Pride was an American professional soccer club based in Santa Clara, California which participated in Women's Professional Soccer. The club replaced the San Jose CyberRays of the defunct Women's United Soccer Association as the top-level women's soccer team in the San Francisco Bay Area. FC Gold Pride moved to its final home of Pioneer Stadium on the campus of CSU East Bay in June 2010 after opening their 2010 home schedule at the Castro Valley High School Athletic Stadium. The club ceased operations in November 2010 after struggling financially and being unable to find new investors.
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.womensprosoccer.com/bayarea Not saved yet FC Kharkiv association football club FC Kharkiv was a professional football club based in Kharkiv, Ukraine.
2010 disestablishments in Ukraine http://www.arsenal.kharkov.ua/ Not saved yet FC Politehnica Iași (1945) association football club
2010 disestablishments in Romania http://www.politehnicaiasi.ro/ Not saved yet FK Larvik association football club FK Larvik was a Norwegian women's football club from Larvik, founded in 1997 through a merger of the women's football sections of Nanset IF and Halsen IF.
2010 disestablishments in Norway http://www.fklarvik.no/ Not saved yet FK Standard Sumgayit association football club FK Standard Sumgayit was an Azerbaijani football club. They played in the AFFA Supreme League, the top division in Azerbaijani football. Founded in Baku, the club moved to Sumgayit on 12 June 2009, which changed also club's name to Standard Sumgayit.
2010 disestablishments in Azerbaijan http://www.standard-fc.az Not saved yet Finnish People's Blue-Whites political party The Finnish People's Blue-whites (; Swedish: Finlands Folkets Blåvita) was a Finnish political party with a far-right ultranationalist agenda, led by the controversial political figure Olavi Mäenpää. It was founded in 1993 as Independent People's Front (Sitoutumaton kansanrintama), and was known as National Front (Kansallinen Rintama) from 1997 until 2001. The SKS became a registered political party in 2002, losing this status in April 2007. In 2010, Mäenpää and his followers joined Freedom Party and the SKS was dissolved.
2010 disestablishments in Finland http://www.kolumbus.fi/sinivalkoiset/ Not saved yet Flex Linhas Aéreas airline Flex Linhas Aéreas, styled as FLEX, was a Brazilian non-regular charter airline based at Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport. It is the brand name of Nordeste Linhas Aéreas S.A., judicial successor of former Viação Aérea Rio-Grandense, known as Varig. Informally Flex is known as "old Varig". The rebranding was necessary because since July 20, 2006 the brand Varig belongs to a different judicial entity. Flex was declared bankrupt on August 20, 2010. http://www.voeflex.com.br Not saved yet Flight-Plan business was a Japanese video game developer perhaps best known for the Summon Night series of role-playing video games published by Banpresto. Founded in 1989, Flight-Plan began by developing the Black/Matrix series of tactical role-playing games, published by NEC Interchannel (later Interchannel Holon) in Japan. In January 2007, Flight-Plan began self-publishing some of its games, such as Dragon Shadow Spell and Sacred Blaze. Other clients of the company have included Sony, Nintendo, and Sega. http://www.flight-plan.jp/~fp/index.html Not saved yet Florida International Museum art museum
2010 disestablishments in Florida http://www.spcollege.edu/fimuseum/index.html Not saved yet Flugfélag Vestmannaeyja airline Flugfélag Vestmannaeyja (1983–2010) was a regional airline based on the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago, Iceland. It was founded to provide aviation services for the people of Vestmannaeyjar and also tourists visiting Vestmannaeyjar. It operated both scheduled and charter services along with sightseeing and cargo flights. It also took care of all ambulance flights from Vestmannaeyjar. The airline is no longer operational. http://www.eyjaflug.is/index_isl.php Not saved yet Fly Lappeenranta airline
2010 disestablishments in Finland http://www.flylappeenranta.fi/index.php?sivu=etusivu&kieli=en Not saved yet Focus Gesundheit television station Focus Gesundheit was a German television channel about health, nutrition, medicine and workout. It is connected to Focus TV Produktions GmbH, which is also behind the current affairs programme Focus TV which airs on ProSieben.
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.focusgesundheit.tv/ Not saved yet Foresight (magazine) website
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.fsight.jp/ Not saved yet Fort Richardson (Alaska) military facility
2010 disestablishments in Alaska http://www.usarak.army.mil/garrison/sites/local Not saved yet Fortis (finance) bank
2010 disestablishments in the Netherlands http://www.fortis.com/ Not saved yet Fps magazine website Fps magazine or fps magazine or Frames Per Second Magazine was a magazine specializing in animation, with reviews of animated films and other articles of interest to animation fans.
2010 disestablishments in Quebec http://www.fpsmagazine.com Saved! ArchiveBot (!a) www.fpsmagazine.com 1ataa 2017-07-14 11.7 GiB 6 warcs Freebass musical group Freebass were an English rock supergroup consisting of, originally, three bassists Andy Rourke (formerly of The Smiths), Peter Hook (formerly of Joy Division & New Order) and Gary "Mani" Mounfield (of The Stone Roses and Primal Scream) and singer Gary Briggs (formerly of Haven). Rourke subsequently left the line-up.
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.freebassuk.com Not saved yet Freedom Airlines airline
2010 disestablishments in Texas http://www.mesa-air.com Not saved yet Fulham L.F.C. women's association football team
2010 disestablishments in England http://fulhamwfc.synthasite.com/ Not saved yet G7 Teams business The G7 Teams or G7 Federation is an association of professional esports teams. It was originally formed by seven teams: 4Kings, fnatic, Made in Brazil, mousesports, Ninjas in Pyjamas, SK Gaming and Team 3D. Currently, the organization is made up of six members. The organization aims to promote the interest of the community and players to tournament organizers, sponsors, and other professional gaming institutions. The G7 teams have active presence in the advisory boards for both the World Series of Video Games and KODE5, and has relations with other tournament organizations, including the Cyberathlete Professional League, along with its players committee, and the Electronic Sports World Cup. The G7 teams also recognized in Zonerank as the official world e-Sports rankings. In 2010, after a contract dispute between fnatic and SK Gaming, the organization dissolved. http://www.g7teams.com Not saved yet GOOG-411 website GOOG-411 (or Google Voice Local Search) was a telephone service launched by Google in 2007, that provided a speech-recognition-based business directory search, and placed a call to the resulting number in the United States or Canada. The service was accessible via a toll-free telephone number. It was an alternative to 4-1-1, an often-expensive service provided by local and long-distance phone companies, and was therefore commonly known as Google 411. This service was discontinued on November 12, 2010. http://www.google.com/goog411/ Not saved yet Galaxy Air airline Galaxy Air was an airline based in Kyrgyzstan. http://www.galaxy.aero Not saved yet GameCrazy business GameCrazy was a video game retailer based in Wilsonville, Oregon. It was a subsidiary of Movie Gallery. The stores were often, but not always, located adjacent to Hollywood Video rental stores. http://gamecrazy.com Not saved yet Gameplay (magazine) magazine
2010 disestablishments in Ukraine http://gameplay.com.ua Not saved yet Gems TV (USA)
2010 disestablishments in the United States http://www.gemstv.com Not saved yet George Munger Award award The George Munger Award is presented to the NCAA Division I college football coach of the year by the Maxwell Football Club. The award was named after former University of Pennsylvania head coach George Munger. People who voted for the winners of the award included NCAA head coaches, members of the Maxwell Club, and sportswriters from all over the country. https://maxwellfootballclub.org/george-munger-award Not saved yet Glas javnosti newspaper Glas javnosti (Глас јавности, meaning "Voice of the public") was a daily newspaper published in Belgrade. After publishing a newspaper from April 1998 until January 2010, the people behind the project have since then run a news portal under the same name.
2010 disestablishments in Serbia http://www.glas-javnosti.rs/ Not saved yet Global Humanitarian Forum organization The Global Humanitarian Forum was a non-profit foundation in Geneva, Switzerland, active from 2007 to 2010. Presided over by former United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan, its secretariat was established by Meinrad Studer, assigned by the SDC. Subsequently, the forum was led by CEO and Director General Walter Fust. The Forum intended to serve as an independent platform for debate and collaboration on global humanitarian issues. Its activities included research projects, advocacy and projects to deal with humanitarian concerns. http://www.ghf-ge.org Not saved yet Golden Baseball League sports league The Golden Baseball League, based in San Ramon, California, was an independent baseball league. It later merged with the Northern League and the United Baseball League to form the North American League in the western United States, western Canada and Mexico.
2010 disestablishments in the United States http://www.goldenbaseball.com/ Not saved yet Group TAC animation studio
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.g-tac.co.jp/ Not saved yet Gåte musical group Gåte is a band from Trøndelag, Norway playing Norwegian folk music bred with metal and electronica. Their style has been referred to as progressive folk-rock. The band was put together by Sveinung Sundli (violin, keyboards) in 2000 and originally consisted of his little sister Gunnhild Sundli (vocals), Gjermund Landrø (bass, backing vocals), Martin Langlie (drums) and Magnus Robot Børmark (guitar, keyboards). Langlie was replaced by Kenneth Kapstad in 2004.
2005 disestablishments in Norway, 2010 disestablishments in Norway http://www.gaate.no Not saved yet Hall Garth Community Arts College school http://www.hallgarth.middlesbrough.sch.uk/ Not saved yet Hamburg International airline
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.hamburg-international.de/en/ Not saved yet Hanalala magazine Hanalala was the Indonesian version of the manga magazines Hana to Yume and LaLa. The magazine was started in 2006. It was published by Elex Media Komputindo, a component of Kompas Gramedia Group, the largest comic publisher in Indonesia. Publication was discontinued with a Farewell Edition (vol 55) on 2 December 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Indonesia http://www.elexmedia.co.id/ Not saved yet Harold L. Ickes Homes public housing Harold L. Ickes Homes was a Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) public housing project in the Near South Side neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was bordered between State Street and Federal Street and Cermak Road and 25th Street. It was a part of the State Street Corridor, which included other CHA properties: Robert Taylor Homes, Dearborn Homes, Stateway Gardens and Hilliard Homes.
2011 disestablishments in Illinois http://www.thecha.org/pages/Harold_Ickes_Homes/50.php?devID=258 Not saved yet Head Entertainment business Head Entertainment was an entertainment retail chain in the United Kingdom. The company was formed on 18 February 2009 when Simon Douglas, former managing director of Zavvi and business partner Les Whitfield, purchased five stores from Zavvi Entertainment Group which was placed in administration on 24 December 2008. All stores closed in early 2010 after less than a year of trading. http://www.headentertainment.co.uk Not saved yet Heldref Publications publisher Heldref Publications was the publishing division of the Helen Dwight Reid Education Foundation, a nonprofit educational organization. Helen Dwight Reid, a political scientist who taught at Bryn Mawr College and the State University of New York at Buffalo, established the foundation in 1956. Heldref Publications at one time published 50 scholarly journals and magazines devoted to education, political science, history, world literature, the arts, popular culture, psychology, other social sciences, health, and the environment. It was headquartered in Washington, D.C.
2010 disestablishments in Washington, D.C. http://www.heldref.org/ Not saved yet Hellas Jet airline Hellas Jet was a charter airline based in Athens, Greece, operating services to Greece from destinations in Europe. Its main base was Athens International Airport. Hellas Jet was a licensed scheduled and charter carrier, holding a JAA AOC and a Line Maintenance Certificate under JAA/EASA Part 145, both approved by the Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority. It ceased operations in 2010 due to economic difficulties. The repossession of two of their Airbus A320 aircraft, 87 and 88, was documented on Discovery channel TV programme Airplane Repo. http://www.hellas-jet.com/ Not saved yet Hemus Air airline Hemus Air (Bulgarian title: Хемус Ер) was an airline based in Sofia, Bulgaria. It operated scheduled domestic and international services from Sofia and Varna, as well as charter, cargo and air ambulance services. Its main base was Sofia Airport, with a hub at Varna Airport. After the acquisition of Bulgaria Air, all of Hemus Air's destinations are now under the plate of Bulgaria Air. http://www.air.bg Not saved yet Hola Airlines airline Hola Airlines (Baleares Link Express SL) was an airline based in Palma de Mallorca, Majorca, Spain. It operated European charter services. Its main base was Son Sant Joan Airport, Palma de Mallorca, with another hub at Madrid Barajas International Airport. http://www.holaairlines.com/ Not saved yet Hollywood Video business
2010 disestablishments in Oregon http://www.hollywoodvideo.com Not saved yet Houston Leones association football club The Houston Leones were an American soccer team based in Houston, Texas, United States. Founded in 2007, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Mid South Division of the Southern Conference. The franchise folded at the end of the 2010 season and left the league thereafter.
2010 disestablishments in Texas http://www.Houstonleones.net Not saved yet Hummer automobile marque HUMMER was a brand of trucks and SUVs, first marketed in 1992 when AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998 Humvee. In 1998, General Motors (GM) purchased the brand name from AM General and marketed three vehicles: the original HUMMER H1, based on the military Humvee, as well as the new H2 and H3 models that were based on smaller, civilian-market GM platforms.
2010 disestablishments in Michigan http://www.hummer.com Not saved yet Hunter Mutual business Hunter Mutual was a credit union based in and serving the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. It was established in 1968 as the Upper Hunter Local Government Employee's Credit Union. In 1971, it changed its name to the Upper Hunter Credit Union in 1971, and following a restructure of its operations in 2004, it took on the name Hunter Mutual. During the 1990s, when many major banks closed branches in small country towns, Hunter Mutual set up new branches areas within the Upper Hunter where this occurred. http://www.huntermutual.com.au/ Not saved yet Hôtel Montana hotel The Hôtel Montana is a four star luxury hotel in Haïti. It is located on Rue Frank Cardozo, Bourdon on one of the only three main roads connecting the capital to its southeastern outskirt city Pétion-Ville.
2010 disestablishments in Haiti http://www.hotelmontanahaiti.com/default-en.html Not saved yet Icejet airline url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/08/25/346568/icejet-suspends-flying-operations-and-dornier-328jet-being-sold-by-their.html http://www.icejet.is/ Not saved yet Icon (lifestyle magazine) magazine
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.iconmagazine.co.uk/ Not saved yet Imagi Animation Studios business Imagi Animation Studios, also known as Imagi Studios, was an animation studio, established in 2000 by Imagi International Holdings Limited .
2010 disestablishments in Hong Kong http://www.imagi.com.hk/ Not saved yet Imera (company) business http://www.imerapower.com/ Not saved yet Independent Democrats (Czech Republic) political party
2015 disestablishments in the Czech Republic http://www.nezdem.eu Not saved yet Insomnia Publications business
2010 disestablishments in Scotland http://www.insomniapublications.com Not saved yet Intelig Telecom business Intelig Telecom started operations on 23 January 2000, bringing for the first time concurrence on the long distance and international phone service. Local operations started in September 2003 and 2 years later, they launched a free dial-up internet service, the InteligWeb. With an investment of R$ 2,8 billions, it started to build its infrastructure in 1999, even before entering operations. They have more than 16 thousand kilometers of fiber optics in their network. Their headquarters are in Rio de Janeiro.
2010 disestablishments in Brazil http://www.inteligtelecom.com.br/ Not saved yet Interlink Airlines airline
2010 disestablishments in South Africa http://www.flyinterlink.co.za// Not saved yet International Industrial Bank bank International Industrial Bank (in Russian: Международный Промышленный Банк, often abbreviated as Mezhprombank, Межпромбанк, or MPB, МПБ) is one of the largest Russian banks founded in 1992 by Sergey Pugachyov and Sergey Veremeyenko. http://www.iib.ru Not saved yet Internet Content Rating Association Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA) was an international non-profit organization with offices in the United States and the United Kingdom. In October 2010, the ICRA rating system, and the organization, was discontinued.
2010 disestablishments in Washington, D.C. http://www.fosi.org/icra/ Not saved yet Intwine musical group Intwine was a Dutch rock band formed in 2001 by five students of the Tilburg Rockacademie.
2010 disestablishments in the Netherlands http://www.intwine.nl Not saved yet Iver C. Ranum High School high school Iver C. Ranum High School was a public secondary school operated by Adams County School District 50 near Westminster, Colorado, United States, from 1961 to 2010. The high school was located in the Sherrelwood neighborhood in Adams County. It was named in honor of Iver Ranum, Superintendent of Adams County School District 50 from 1950 to 1975. The last class of Ranum High School graduated on May 8, 2010. The high school has been replaced by the new Westminster High School.
2010 disestablishments in Colorado http://rhs.adams50.org/ Not saved yet JALways airline
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.jalways.co.jp/english Not saved yet Japan Echo magazine Japan Echo was an English-language periodical on Japanese issues which was initially published in print form by Japan Echo Inc. between 1974 and 2010. Consisting mainly of translations into English of magazine and news articles originally published in Japanese, Japan Echo was launched with the support of Japan's Foreign Affairs Ministry "to enable people abroad to learn what the Japanese themselves are thinking and writing about the issues of the day." Though independently published, the Japanese government provided most of Japan Echos funding for the duration of its existence.
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.japanecho.com Not saved yet Japan Energy business
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://www.j-energy.co.jp/ Not saved yet Javaground video game developer Javaground was the provider of a suite of development and porting tools for the mobile games industry called the Xpress Suite. The company was also a developer of mobile games. Javaground's Xpress Suite was noted for its set of automated converters, which were used to create games for a range of platforms including the iPhone, Windows Mobile, Android, BREW, and Flash, from a single set of Java ME source code. http://www.javaground.com/ Not saved yet Jeonju Ongoeul FC association football club
2010 disestablishments in South Korea http://cafe.daum.net/jeonbukfc Not saved yet Johanna Sebus Gymnasium Gymnasium in Germany
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.jsg-kleve.de Not saved yet John Llewellyn Rhys Prize award The John Llewellyn Rhys Prize was a literary prize awarded annually for the best work of literature (fiction, non-fiction, poetry, drama) by an author from the Commonwealth aged 35 or under, written in English and published in the United Kingdom. Established in 1942, it is one of the oldest literary awards in the UK.
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.booktrust.org.uk/prizes-and-awards/3 Not saved yet Jonckheere business Jonckheere was a Belgian motor coach and bus builder, founded in 1881 by Henri Jonckheere in Roeselare.
2010 disestablishments in Belgium http://www.vdljonckheere.be Not saved yet Jornal do Brasil periodical literature Jornal do Brasil, widely known as JB, is a daily newspaper published by Editora JB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The paper was founded in 1891 and is the third oldest extant Brazilian paper, after the Diário de Pernambuco and O Estado de S. Paulo. On 31 August 2010 it became a digital newspaper, folding its print edition until 25 February 2018, when it was printed again.
2010 disestablishments in Brazil http://www.jb.com.br Not saved yet Jornal dos Sports newspaper Jornal dos Sports was a traditional Brazilian sports newspaper from Rio de Janeiro which was published between March 13, 1931 and April 10, 2010. It was the oldest Brazilian daily sports newspaper, distributed mainly in Rio de Janeiro state.
2010 disestablishments in Brazil http://jsports.uol.com.br/ Not saved yet Jupiter Airlines airline Jupiter Airlines was an airline based in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The carrier initially served domestic routes within the United Arab Emirates, but has added various key cities in the Middle East to its list of destinations. In December 2004, the airline launched a service between Dubai and Baghdad (Iraq). On February 25, 2009, Jupiter Airlines launched a service between Dubai and Mosul, Iraq. There was also a service between Dubai and Basra. http://www.jupiterairlines.com/ Not saved yet Just for Laughs Museum museum The Just for Laughs Museum was a Canadian museum that opened in 1993, dedicated to humour (mainly stand-up comedy) located in Montreal, Quebec. The museum closed in 2011. It had been visited by more than two million people since its opening.
2010 disestablishments in Quebec http://musee.hahaha.com/accueil.jsp Not saved yet K.S.K. Beveren association football club
2010 disestablishments in Belgium http://www.kskbeveren.be/nl/index.php/ Not saved yet KFC '71 women's association football team KFC '71 was a women's football club from Delft, Netherlands.
2010 disestablishments in the Netherlands http://kfc71.nl/ Not saved yet KK Šibenik association football club
2010 disestablishments in Croatia http://www.zkk-jollyjbs.hr/muskarci.html Not saved yet KRAM radio station KRAM (1070 AM) was a radio station licensed to serve West Klamath, Oregon, United States. The station, established in 1989, was owned by Scott D. MacArthur, personal representative of the estate of Sandra A. Falk. KRAM fell silent in July 2006 and was deleted from the FCC database in February 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Oregon http://www.1070kram.com/ Not saved yet Kalamazoo Outrage association football club Kalamazoo Outrage was an American soccer team based in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. Founded in 2007, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The franchise folded at the end of the 2010 season and left the league thereafter.
2010 disestablishments in Michigan http://www.kalamazoooutrage.com Not saved yet Kaohsiung County county of Taiwan Kaohsiung County was a county in southern Taiwan between 1945 and 2010. The county capital was Fongshan City.
2010 disestablishments in Taiwan http://www.kscg.gov.tw/ Not saved yet Kartika Airlines airline Kartika Airlines was an airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It operated domestic services from Jakarta. Its main base was Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta. Kartika Airlines is listed in category 2 by Indonesian Civil Aviation Authority for airline safety quality.
2010 disestablishments in Indonesia http://www.kartika-airlines.com/ Not saved yet Kassel Huskies ice hockey team The club was founded as ESG Kassel in 1977 and was renamed into EC Kassel in 1987. Since 1994, the professional crew of the club had been outsourced into a company with limited liability and belonged as Kassel Huskies to the founding members of the DEL.
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.huskies-online.de/ Not saved yet Kazair West airline Kazair West was an airline based in Atyrau, Kazakhstan, which operated domestic corporate charter flights out of Atyrau Airport, as well as aviation project management and medical evacuation services. http://www.kazairwest.com/ Not saved yet Keithley Instruments business Keithley Instruments is a measurement and instrument company headquartered in Solon, Ohio, that develops, manufactures, markets, and sells data acquisition products, as well as complete system solutions for high-volume production and assembly testing.
2010 disestablishments in Ohio http://www.keithley.de Not saved yet Kennedy-Kenrick Catholic High School high school Kennedy-Kenrick Catholic High School was a private, Roman Catholic high school in Norristown, Pennsylvania, United States, in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia.
2010 disestablishments in Pennsylvania http://www.kkchs.org Not saved yet King's Manor School school
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.kingsmanor.org.uk Not saved yet King's Wood School school King's Wood School was a secondary school in Harold Hill near Romford, London Borough of Havering, England. It was a mixed school of non-denominational religion. The School's last Headteacher was Mrs Marian Spinks, who had been the Headteacher since January 2008, returning from a secondment as Senior Inspector (Performance) with Havering Inspection and Advisory Service.
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.kingswood.havering.sch.uk/ Not saved yet Krome Studios Melbourne video game developer Krome Studios Melbourne, originally Melbourne House, was an Australian video game development studio founded in 1980 by Alfred Milgrom and Naomi Besen and based in Melbourne, Australia. The studio operated independently from 1987 until 1999, when it was acquired by Infogrames, who changed the name to Infogrames Melbourne House. In 2006 the studio was sold to Krome Studios. http://www.melbournehouse.com/ Not saved yet Kumamoto International Road Race single-day road race The Kumamoto International Road Race was a professional cycling race held annually in Japan. It was part of UCI Asia Tour in category 1.2.
2010 disestablishments in Japan http://kumamoto-road.net/ Not saved yet Kurdistan Airlines airline Kurdistan Airlines A.K.A Kurdish Airlines was a Kurdish airline based in the United Arab Emirates. http://www.kurdistanairlines.tripod.com/ Not saved yet La 5ª Estación musical group La Quinta Estación (Spanish for "The Fifth Season/Station", often spelled La 5ª Estación) was a Spanish pop/rock band composed of two musicians from Madrid: Natalia Jiménez (lead singer and harmonica) and Ángel Reyero (guitar). Pablo Domínguez (2001–2008) (guitar and bass) was the third member until his recent split (Now in Varsovia). The band originated in Madrid with six members but the remaining three relocated to Mexico in 2001 after recording their first album Primera toma ("Take #1"). http://www.laquintaestacionfancluboficial.com Not saved yet La Nación (Chile) daily newspaper
1973 disestablishments in Chile, 2010 disestablishments in Chile http://www.lanacion.cl Not saved yet Lala (website) website http://www.lala.com Not saved yet Lambda Rising independent bookstore Lambda Rising was an LGBT bookstore that operated from 1974 to 2010 in Washington, D.C.
2010 disestablishments in Washington, D.C. http://www.lambdarising.com/ Not saved yet Learning and Skills Council organization The Learning and Skills Council (LSC) was a non-departmental public body jointly sponsored by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) and the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) in England. It closed on 31 March 2010 and was replaced by the Skills Funding Agency and the Young People's Learning Agency.
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom http://www.lsc.gov.uk Not saved yet Lega Nazionale Professionisti professional sports league The Lega Nazionale Professionisti (Italian for National League of Professionals), commonly known as Lega Calcio (Football League), was the governing body that ran the two highest football divisions in Italy, namely Serie A and Serie B, from 1946 to 2010. The league also ruled the Serie C from 1948 to 1959. It has ceased to exist since 1 July 2010, following a split between Serie A and Serie B clubs, which led to the creation of two new leagues, the Lega Serie A and Lega Serie B respectively.
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.lega-calcio.it Not saved yet Lewis's business Lewis's was a chain of British department stores that operated from 1856 to 2010. The parent companies of Lewis's have gone into administration many times over the years, including 1991. The first store, which opened in Liverpool city centre, became the flagship of the chain of stores operating under the Lewis's name. Several stores in the chain were bought in 1991 by the company Owen Owen and continued to operate under the Lewis's brand name for several years, but after the closure of the Manchester store in 2002, only the original Liverpool store continued to trade under the Lewis's name. This store was sold in 2007 to the Vergo Retail Ltd and closed in 2010.
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.lewiss.co.uk Not saved yet Liberals of Serbia political party The Liberals of Serbia (, Liberali Srbije) was a political party in Serbia.
2010 disestablishments in Serbia http://www.liberalisrbije.org.rs/ Not saved yet Libertas.eu political party Right after the preliminary rejection of the Lisbon Treaty in Ireland, Declan Ganley, founder of the European Libertas.eu, was guest of Czech President Václav Klaus The Czech eStat.cz civic group had ambitions to replicate Libertas's success and awarded the Irish electorate the Michal Tošovský Prize, picked up by Ganley in Prague on 5 November 2008. During his stay in Ireland after a state visit, Klaus visited Ganley in a private capacity and later attended the Shelbourne Hotel dinner given by Ganley for leading Eurosceptics.
2010 disestablishments in the European Union http://www.libertas.eu Not saved yet Liljendal municipality of Finland Liljendal is a former municipality of Finland.
2010 disestablishments in Finland http://www.liljendal.fi Not saved yet LineSider Technologies
2010 disestablishments in Massachusetts http://www.linesider.net/index.html Not saved yet Livingston Energy Flight airline
2010 disestablishments in Italy http://www.livingstonair.it Not saved yet Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano airline http://www.labairlines.com.bo Not saved yet Los Angeles Sol association football club The Los Angeles Sol was an American professional soccer club that was based in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson, California that participated in Women's Professional Soccer.
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.womensprosoccer.com/la Not saved yet Louis Bromfield High School secondary school Louis Bromfield High School was a high school in Perrysville, Ohio, USA. It was a part of the Mohican Juvenile Correctional Facility. All youth prisoners who did not have a high school degree were required to participate in the educational program. The Mohican Juvenile Correctional Facility of the Ohio Department of Youth Services was closed in May 2010.
2010 disestablishments in Ohio http://www.dys.ohio.gov/dysweb/MYCfacility.aspx Not saved yet Lowell Devils ice hockey team The Lowell Devils were an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League playing in Lowell, Massachusetts, at the Tsongas Center. As their name implied, they were the top minor league affiliate of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. The team was founded in 1998 as the Lowell Lock Monsters and was purchased by the Devils in 2006.
2010 disestablishments in Massachusetts http://www.lowelldevilshockey.com/indexb.html Not saved yet Lugazi University university Lugazi University (LU), was a private university in Uganda. The university was founded in 2007. It closed in December 2010. http://www.lugaziuniversity.ac.ug/ Not saved yet LunarStorm website LunarStorm, in Swedish often shortened to Lunar, was a Swedish commercial advertisement-financed social networking website for teenagers, which was also available in the United Kingdom before 2007. "LunarStorm" was operated by a company called LunarWorks. According to the company's official statistics, the website had 1.2 million members in 2007, of whom some 70% were 12–17 years old. The website drastically dropped in popularity since then and in June 2010, Wyatt Media Groups (the owner of LunarStorm at that time) announced that LunarStorm would be shut down on 18 August 2010 due to lack of activity.
2010 disestablishments in Sweden http://www.lunarstorm.se/ Not saved yet Luxoflux business Luxoflux was an American video game developer. It was founded by Peter Morawiec and Adrian Stephens in January 1997, and was based in Santa Monica, California.
2010 disestablishments in California http://www.luxoflux.com Not saved yet Lyric Street Records record label Lyric Street Records was an American country music record label that was owned by the Disney Music Group. http://hollywoodrecords.go.com/LyricStreet/ Not saved yet MK Metro bus company MK Metro was a bus company operating in Milton Keynes from 1997 until 2010.
2010 disestablishments in England http://www.arrivabus.co.uk/mkstar/ Not saved yet MTV Australia Awards award The MTV Australia Awards (previously known as the MTV Australia Video Music Awards or AVMA's) started in 2005 and were Australia's first awards show to celebrate both local and international acts. The last edition happened in 2009. http://www.mtvawards.com.au/ Not saved yet Magnum Research business
2010 disestablishments in Pennsylvania http://www.magnumresearch.com/ Not saved yet Mahindra United F.C. association football club
2010 disestablishments in India http://www.mahindra.com/socialinitiatives/mahindra-united.html Not saved yet Mainfranken-Tour sports competition The Mainfranken-Tour was a cycling race held annually in Germany. It was part of UCI Europe Tour in category 2.2U.
2010 disestablishments in Germany http://www.imft.de/ Not saved yet Mamaia Challenger The Mamaia Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually in Constanţa, Romania, since 2006 until 2009. The tournament was discontinued in 2010 due to financial reasons.{{cite news
2010 disestablishments in Romania http://www.frt.ro/# Not saved yet Marine Corps Legacy Museum museum The Marine Corps Legacy Museum was located on the northwest corner of the Town Square in Harrison, Arkansas, United States. It closed in 2010.
2010 disestablishments
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Adelaide trains to stop tomorrow
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[
"trains",
"transadelaide",
"rail",
"tram",
"and",
"bus",
"union",
"stop-work",
"enterprise",
"bargaining"
] | null |
[
"ABC News"
] |
2008-01-02T00:00:00
|
Adelaide's trains will shut down for four hours again tomorrow as the union representing rail workers reports on the latest enterprise bargaining negotiations with TransAdelaide.
|
en
|
/news-assets/favicon-32x32.png
|
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-01-02/adelaide-trains-to-stop-tomorrow/1001046
|
Adelaide's trains will shut down for four hours again tomorrow as the union representing rail workers reports on the latest enterprise bargaining negotiations with TransAdelaide.
TransAdelaide improved its offer of a pay rise last week to 9.5 per cent over two years.
The Rail, Tram and Bus Union wants 11.5 per cent over two years.
The union's state secretary Ashley Waddell says he is hoping for a better offer when he meets TransAdelaide management today.
"Hopefully the meeting today we'll be able to address things further and then tomorrow we'll be holding a four hour stop-work between the hours of 10:00am and 2:00pm," he said.
"Trains will start shutting down between probably 8:30am and 9:30am so that all our members are off the job by 10:00am so that we can have a report back at a mass meeting, inform the members of where we're at, we're we've been able to progress it and take some directions."
The union is not ruling out further strikes.
It has previously asked members to consider unlimited rolling stoppages of between four and 48 hours.
Meanwhile the State Opposition says the government should act to stop rail workers from walking off the job tomorrow.
The Opposition Transport spokesman Duncan McFetridge says the government should be providing better incentives for workers to help resolve the dispute.
"The government needs to get off their backsides and do something about this," he said.
"This is the second rail strike within a month and where's Mike Rann and Pat Conlon on this?
"Tomorrow we've got another four hour strike by the rail drivers, passenger service attendants and the station platform coordinators, we hear nothing from the government."
The State Government is standing back from the dispute, saying it is a matter for TransAdelaide.
|
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https://www.transadelaide.com.au/
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en
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Adelaide Interstate Transport Solutions
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2024-08-26T21:41:49+00:00
|
Efficient interstate road and rail transport in Adelaide. Concept Logistics offers tailored, eco-friendly solutions for safe, reliable delivery across Australia.
|
en
|
Interstate Transport | Melbourne | Sydney | Brisbane
|
https://www.conceptlogisticsint.com.au/adelaide/
|
Adelaide
What We Do
At Concept Logistics Interstate Transport Pty Ltd in Adelaide, we are dedicated to providing top-notch interstate transport and logistics solutions. Our services are tailored to streamline and optimize your supply chain, catering to the diverse needs of businesses throughout Australia. We ensure that your goods are transported efficiently, safely, and reliably, no matter the distance.
100+ Reviews
4.8/5
In Adelaide, our road transportation services are the cornerstone of our logistics offerings, providing unmatched flexibility and accessibility. Our diverse fleet of vehicles is capable of handling everything from small parcels to oversized loads, guaranteeing precise door-to-door delivery. Safety and efficiency are our top priorities, and we employ advanced routing technology to minimize travel times and reduce costs. Whether for short-haul or long-distance deliveries, we ensure your goods reach their destination seamlessly.
For long-distance bulk or heavy shipments, our rail transportation services in Adelaide offer a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. Designed for reliability and scalability, our rail freight services accommodate both palletized goods and large-scale bulk items. With strategic access to major rail networks, we ensure smooth integration into your supply chain, facilitating the seamless movement of goods from origin to destination. This approach helps reduce your carbon footprint while maximizing operational efficiency.
Employs a highly experienced team dedicated to creating customized transport solutions.
Utilizes the Jaix Freight Management System for superior consignment management and tracking.
Operates in all major capital cities, ensuring national coverage and support.
Offers tools for clients to create consignments, print documents, and track shipments easily.
Has evolved from a traditional 3PL provider to a national transport and warehousing service.
Conducts complimentary studies of clients' supply chains to identify cost reduction and competitive advantages.
Frequently Asked Question
In Adelaide, our primary services include expertly managed interstate road and rail freight. Whether dealing with palletized goods, full loads, or bulk shipments, we have the necessary infrastructure and expertise to transport your products across state lines efficiently. Our flexible approach allows us to tailor transport solutions to the unique needs of your cargo, ensuring optimal handling and transit times.
We transport a wide range of goods including palletised freight, full loads, bulk units, and time-sensitive shipments. Our versatile transport solutions cater to industries such as retail, manufacturing, e-commerce, and more, ensuring the safe and efficient delivery of your goods.
Our advanced GPS tracking technology allows you to monitor your shipment in real-time. Upon booking your transport, you’ll receive a tracking number which you can use on our website or through the Jaix Freight Management System to view the current location and status of your cargo.
Yes, we are committed to reducing our environmental impact. Our road and rail transportation options are optimized for efficiency, reducing carbon emissions through strategic route planning and load optimization. Additionally, our rail transportation services offer a more eco-friendly alternative for long-distance freight.
While our core focus is on interstate transport within Australia, we can coordinate with international partners for air freight services to manage global logistics needs. Please contact us to discuss your specific international shipping requirements.
Our blend of experience, innovation, and customer-focused approach sets us apart. With over 60 years of collective industry expertise, state-of-the-art technology, and a commitment to tailored, flexible solutions, we ensure your logistics needs are met with precision and reliability. Our proactive approach to solving logistics challenges and our ability to adapt and grow with our clients make us a trusted partner in your supply chain management.
Ready to get a quote?
Located at 89-103 Dohertys Road, Laverton North, Victoria, Concept Logistics Interstate Transport invites you to explore a world where logistics and innovation meet.
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Edinburgh Golf Club in Edinburgh, Adelaide: details, stats, reviews
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Golf Advisor
|
https://www.golfpass.com/travel-advisor/courses/18166-edinburgh-golf-club
|
Unlock a GolfPass Free membership to earn GolfPass Points and instantly access curated tips and exclusive instruction series
Upgrade to GolfPass+ for tee time credits, waived fees, and ability to spend Points on qualifying tee times
Fast, convenient tee time booking with the largest selection of tee times
|
||||
6464
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 83 |
https://issuu.com/engineersaustralia/docs/year_in_review_2010-2011
|
en
|
South Australia Division's Year in Review 2010-2011
|
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2011-12-14T00:00:00+00:00
|
The Engineers Australia South Australia Division's Year in Review for 2010-2011, reflecting on successes and activities.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/engineersaustralia/docs/year_in_review_2010-2011
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
|
||||
6464
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 22 |
https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/coasttocoastlightrai/
|
en
|
Coast-to-Coast Light Rail Project
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[
"vasundhara"
] |
2010-10-18T17:30:00+00:00
|
The Coast-to-Coast Light Rail project is a 2.8km tram line starting from the City West Stop along the North Terrace…
|
en
|
Railway Technology
|
https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/coasttocoastlightrai/
|
The Coast-to-Coast Light Rail project is a 2.8km tram line starting from the City West Stop along the North Terrace and Port Road through to Adelaide Entertainment Centre. The line passes through Bonython Park and the new Royal Adelaide Hospital. It was officially opened to public in March 2010 and is operated by TransAdelaide. The estimated cost of the project was $100m.
The project is an extension of the existing tram line running between Victoria Square in the city centre and City West Campus. The tram runs on the dedicated corridor and is specifically designed to accommodate passengers with low vision and limited mobility. The stops are integrated with the existing and new pedestrian crossings. The project continues to offer free service from South Terrace to West Terrace.
It is also a part of the biggest single investment transport plan, costing $2bn, undertaken by the South Australian Government in 2008. The aim of the light rail program was to complete the extension to Adelaide Entertainment Centre by 2010, to West Lakes by 2015 and Port Adelaide and Semaphore by 2018. It is named ‘Coast to Coast’ as the tram line will connect the beach front at Glenelg and pass through the city to West Lakes and to Semaphore through the heart of Port Adelaide.
The Adelaide Light Rail system uses a multi-modal ticket system known as Metroticket. It is used for travel between trains, trams and buses irrespective of the services availed. The magnetic strip on the ticket encodes validity.
“The Adelaide Light Rail system uses a multi-modal ticket system known as Metroticket.”
Background
The Adelaide Light Rail System, operating only trams, was dismantled in the middle of the 20th century leaving only the 12km long Glenelg Tram line between Victoria Square and Moseley Square on the beach front at Glenelg.
It was extended in 2007 from Victoria Square downwards to King William Street along the North Terrace to a terminus at the Morphett Street Bridge.
The extended line now has stops adjacent to main city points like Rundle Mall, The Adelaide Railway Station and the City West Campus at the University of South Australia.
The Coast to Coast project
The Coast to Coast Light Rail project involved construction of a dual tram corridor and four tram stops with seating and controlled pedestrian crossings. The tram stops are slightly elevated from the road via a ramp. Two of the stops are constructed before the intersections at North Terrace and the Port Road.
The platforms were constructed by an Australian engineering and construction company Thesis in partnership with Parsons Brinkerhoff, Connell Wagner, Hassell and Arrunga Surface Solutions.
A separate section was created at the intersections for the buses for free traffic movement. The project also provides a park and ride facility for 400 vehicles within the vicinity of Adelaide Entertainment Centre.
The location of the tram corridor was decided after accounting for factors such as safety and accessibility, support to urban regeneration opportunities, traffic levels at Port Road and North Terrace and with a provision for future expansion of the services to West Lakes, Port Adelaide and Semaphore.
The project is also designed for the use of dual voltage trams, which can travel on light as well as heavy rail networks.
Rolling stock
The new extension line uses Bombardier’s 16 Flexity Classic trams as well as Alstom’s Citadis trams.
“The project is also designed for the use of dual voltage trams.”
It has a low floor with three set of doors for easy boarding and alight of passengers on push and wheel chairs.
It is a two car tram but is usually operated as a single vehicle during peak hours.
It operates on both the standard (1,435mm) as well as metre gauges (1,000mm).
It is 2.4m wide and 30m long with a seating capacity for 70 passengers.
The line also uses five Heritage H-Class trams in addition to the 16 vehicles. The H-Class is usually used on weekends, public holidays and special occasions.
There are plans of withdrawing the heritage H-Class trams from the light rail system in future.
|
|||||
6464
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 81 |
https://www.arrivalguides.com/en/Travelguides/Oceania/Australia/Adelaide/essentialinformation
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en
|
Tourist Information
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-05-28T00:00:00
|
en
|
ArrivalGuides.com
|
https://www.arrivalguides.com/en/Travelguides/Oceania/Australia/Adelaide/essentialinformation
|
Our travel guides are free to read and explore online. If you want to get your own copy, the full travel guide for this destination is available to you offline* to bring along anywhere or print for your trip.
*this will be downloaded as a PDF.
|
||||||
6464
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 96 |
https://kids.kiddle.co/Black_Forest,_South_Australia
|
en
|
Black Forest, South Australia facts for kids
|
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[] | null |
Learn Black Forest, South Australia facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Black_Forest,_South_Australia
|
Black Forest is an inner southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Unley, bounded by the Glenelg tram line (north-west), the Seaford railway line (south-east), South Road (west) and East Avenue (east).
History
"A dense area of bush known as the Black Forest ('Kertaweeta' in Kuarna) once covered the Unley region of the Adelaide Plains. The woodland forest was a mix of grey-box, blue gum, red gum, native pines and sheoak trees, with grass trees, native grasses and orchids. These plants had deep roots that held the soil together and the plant debris that fell on the earth decomposed releasing nutrients into the soil."
In the early years of colonial settlement, the Black Forest was supposedly "frequented by bush rangers and cattle thieves".
There have been three Post Offices named Black Forest: the first opened on 1 September 1899 and was renamed Glandore in 1915, the second opened on 10 November 1947 and was renamed Clarence Park West in 1966, and the third, located on South Road between Byron and Cowper Roads, opened on 8 January 1996.
Demographics
The 2006 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics counted 1,846 persons in Black Forest on census night. Of these, 47.2% were male and 52.8% were female.
The majority of residents (79.0%) are of Australian birth, with other common census responses being England (3.1%) and Greece (2.3%).
Facilities and attractions
Schools
Black Forest Primary School opened in 1919. It is located off South Road and School Avenue, between Forest Avenue and Addison Road. The east end of the school grounds are adjacent to the "Forest Avenue Reserve".
Parks
The Forest Avenue Reserve is located on Forest Avenue near the centre of the suburb. There is another small park, the Princess Margaret Playground, at the east end of Byron Road.
Uniting Church History Centre
The Uniting Church History Centre is based in the former Church of Christ building on East Avenue.
Community Centre
The Clarence Park Community Centre is located in the Institute Building and surrounding buildings on the corner of East Avenue and Canterbury Terrace. The centre includes a childcare facility and a men's shed.
Transport
Roads
Black Forest is serviced by South Road, and to a lesser degree by East Avenue.
Public transport
Black Forest is serviced by three tram stops, two train stations and buses on East Avenue and South Road. All services are run by the Adelaide Metro.
|
|||||
6464
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 23 |
https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/2611720
|
en
|
Annual report / TransAdelaide - Catalogue
|
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[] | null |
en
|
/assets/favicon-ca92dd498d33666642d3ed6b42b4bbf0258b5147c3fd080cde0f3aacf37ddc89.ico
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Copyright varies by issue and article
Copyright varies with each issue and article. You may have full rights to copy, or may be able to copy only under some circumstances, for example a portion for research or study. Order a copy where circumstances allow through Copies Direct or Contact us for further information.
Reason for copyright status:
Serials have an open range of dates.
Copyright status was determined using the following information:
Material type:
Literary Dramatic Musical
|
||||
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0
| 74 |
https://www.5mu.com.au/local-news/hills-rail-not-off-the-table/
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Hills Rail Not Off The Table
|
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2024-02-13T02:50:52+00:00
|
Transport officials have this week been questioned about the delivery of new public transport services to the Adelaide Hills and...
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en
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5MU
|
https://www.5mu.com.au/local-news/hills-rail-not-off-the-table/
|
Transport officials have this week been questioned about the delivery of new public transport services to the Adelaide Hills and the prospect of reinstating passenger rail to Mount Barker.
Despite recent doubt over Spanish train manufacturer Talgo’s proposal for a high-speed rail trial through the region, officials said during parliament’s Budget and Finance committee meeting on Monday, that Government is making progress on a business case for mass transit options in the Adelaide Hills.
Infrastructure SA recommended investing in better bus services to the Adelaide Hills instead of investing in rail as the estimated cost would be $250 million.
The independent infrastructure assessment agency said the journey between Mount Barker and Adelaide would take 71 minutes and the frequency of services would be once every 30 minutes as the trains would have to share the tracks with freight trains.
Despite this there has been push from community leaders to re-examine the prospect of rail, including from Independent Member for Kavel Dan Cregan. A feasibility of passenger rail to Mount Barker is being considered once again by the State Government through its Adelaide Hills Transport Study.
The news follows the announcement last month that the State Government will spend $19 million this year to add 590 new bus services per week to the Adelaide Hills.
Public feedback on the Hills Transport Study will be released “soon” according to the State Government.
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Adelaide_railway_station
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Adelaide railway station facts for kids
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Learn Adelaide railway station facts for kids
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Adelaide_railway_station
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This page is about the suburban railway station in Adelaide, Australia. For the interstate terminal in Adelaide, see Adelaide Parklands Terminal. For the railway station in Belfast, see Adelaide railway station (Northern Ireland).
Adelaide Railway Station is the central terminus of the Adelaide Metro railway system. All lines approach the station from the west, and it is a terminal station with no through lines, with most of the traffic on the metropolitan network either departing or terminating here. It has nine platforms, all using broad gauge track. It is located on the north side of North Terrace, west of Parliament House. The Adelaide Casino occupies part of the building that is no longer required for railway use. Until 1984, Adelaide station was also the terminus for regional and interstate passenger trains, but there are no longer any regular regional train services in South Australia, and all interstate services are now handled at Adelaide Parklands Terminal.
History
Early growth
Adelaide's first railway station opened on the current North Terrace site in 1856. It served the broad gauge line between Adelaide and Port Adelaide, which was the first government-owned and operated steam railway in the British Empire. The first passenger train departed from Adelaide station on 19 April 1856, carrying the Governor of South Australia and various dignitaries to a celebratory lunch at Port Adelaide. The original Adelaide station handled all passenger, freight and livestock traffic at the North Terrace site. Livestock was unloaded adjacent to the markets and abattoirs, which were opposite the Newmarket Hotel, on the corner of West Terrace. In 1865, the station yard covered an area of 55,000 square metres (13 acres).
The Port line opened for public service on 21 April 1856. It was single track, with intermediate stations at Bowden, Woodville and Alberton and terminated at Port Dock station (now closed). There were six trains per day in each direction, and two on Sundays. A second line opened to Smithfield (near Gawler) on 1 June 1857, the predecessor of today's Gawler line. This diverged from the Port line at a junction in the north parklands, and was extended to Kapunda in 1860, and Burra by 1870, both important copper mining towns in the early days of the colony.
The next line into the station was built by the Holdfast Bay Railway Company and opened on 24 May 1880. This branched off the main line where today's Belair and Seaford lines separate from the Outer Harbor and Gawler lines. It ran via Mile End and Plympton to Glenelg, and should not be confused with the other railway from South Terrace to Glenelg, which later became the Glenelg tram line. To cope with increasing traffic, interlocked signals and points were installed in 1875, and the Port line was upgraded to double track in 1881.
The South Line through the Adelaide Hills was opened to Aldgate on 14 March 1883, and extended to Nairne (November 1883) and Bordertown (May 1886). The first through train between Adelaide and Melbourne, the Intercolonial Express, ran on 19 January 1887, and was the first intercapital rail journey in Australia without a change of trains at a break-of-gauge station.
Early 20th century
With the basic framework of lines in place, the South Australian Railways continued building branch lines to promote settlement and agricultural development of the state's hinterland. Most of this expansion was complete by the early years of the 20th century and the resulting increase in traffic caused troublesome congestion in the vicinity of Adelaide station. In an attempt to cope with this, the original 1856 station buildings were demolished and replaced in 1900.
The South line was double tracked as far as Mitcham in 1908, and suburban trains ran to a new terminus at Clapham. The first section of the route that became the Seaford line opened from Goodwood Junction to Marino in 1913, and further extended to Willunga by 1918, this forming the Willunga line. On the north side of the city, a separate pair of tracks was built from the junction of the Port and North lines in the parklands through to Adelaide station yard, including a new bridge across the River Torrens.
In 1912, Mile End Goods Yard and engine sheds opened, and the Gaol Loop was built to allow freight trains to access the new yards at Mile End, bypassing Adelaide station. At the same time the livestock markets and abattoirs were relocated to Pooraka in the north of the metropolitan area, still countryside at the time. This allowed the area immediately around Adelaide station to concentrate on passenger and parcels traffic, and the old goods shed was then converted into a platform for Glenelg line trains. Adelaide station yard was also re-signalled in July 1915, using American-style three-position semaphore signals. This was the first installation of an electric signalling system in South Australia and was subsequently extended along the main lines of the South Australian Railways.
Webb era
The period from 1922-1930 was known as the Webb era on South Australian Railways. Under the leadership of a new Railways Commissioner, William Alfred Webb, South Australian Railways began a massive rehabilitation programme. Worn-out infrastructure, under-powered steam locomotives, undersized rolling stock and outdated operating systems were all modernised and upgraded along essentially American lines.
Among the many improvements that Webb championed, two of the best remembered are the introduction of new powerful steam locomotives and the rebuilding of Adelaide station. Nineteen designs were submitted and considered for the new station. The winner was a design proposed by local architects Daniel Garlick and Herbert Jackman. The initial plan had forward-thinking provisions for extra platforms (which were never built) to serve Commonwealth Railways trains, on the assumption that its standard gauge line would be extended from Port Augusta and Port Pirie into Adelaide. The foundation stone of the new station building was laid on 24 August 1926, and the building was completed in 1928.
The new station comprised a massive sandstone building in neo-classical style. The upper three storeys housed the railways administration, which had previously been scattered in various buildings around the city. The concourse had many facilities to cater for long distance travellers as well as daily commuters - a dining room, hairdressers, and refreshment rooms. Of particular note was the enormous domed Marble Hall, which served as a grand and dignified main waiting room, and is now incorporated into the Adelaide Casino. The new station had 13 platforms, each covered by an individual canopy to alleviate the problems of smoke and fumes previously endured with an overall roof. The cost of the rebuilding greatly exceeded the original budget and the project became a source of great controversy within South Australia as the state came close to bankruptcy with the onset of the Great Depression.
Post World War II
Patronage of country rail services declined through the 1950s and 60s as car ownership became more widespread. However, much of rural South Australia still retained daily passenger trains. Many of these services were operated by air-conditioned Bluebird Railcars, which had been introduced by the South Australian Railways from 1954 onwards. The following destinations were served from Adelaide in 1965:
Bute / Kadina / Wallaroo / Moonta
Port Pirie Junction (connection with Commonwealth Railways’ Trans-Australian Railway line to Kalgoorlie)
Hamley Bridge / Balaklava
Blyth / Gladstone / Wilmington
Riverton / Burra / Terowie (connection to Peterborough & Broken Hill)
Kapunda / Eudunda / Robertstown
Nuriootpa / Angaston / Truro
Murray Bridge / Tailem Bend / Barmera / Loxton / Waikerie
The Overland to Melbourne
Naracoorte / Mount Gambier / Kingston SE
Mount Barker / Strathalbyn / Victor Harbor / Milang
Morphett Vale / McLaren Vale / Willunga
In March 1978, South Australia Railways was divided between two owners. The Federal Government owned Australian National (AN) took over ownership and operation of all country lines outside the Adelaide metropolitan area. The State Government owned State Transport Authority (STA) retained the suburban routes around Adelaide, including ownership and operation of Adelaide station. ANl's longer distance trains continued to arrive and depart from Adelaide station for several years, paying an access charge to the STA, until AN's new Keswick Passenger Terminal opened on 18 May 1984, a kilometre or two west of the Adelaide city centre in an industrial suburb. Adelaide station is now served only by suburban trains.
Renewal
The years 1985 to 1987 saw the biggest change at Adelaide station since the rebuilding of the 1920s. The Adelaide Station and Environs Redevelopment (ASER) project involved:
Refurbishment of much of the exterior of the heritage-listed station building and conversion of the interior to a casino (the main building had become underutilised as railway operations shrank and AN moved its headquarters to a separate building at Keswick).
Construction of the Hyatt Regency hotel (now the InterContinental Adelaide) over the eastern part of the station site adjacent to the station building.
Construction of the Adelaide Convention Centre, Exhibition Hall and an office block over the central and western parts of the station site.
Partial relocation and reduction of platforms; Platfoms 1-2 and 12-13 were demolished while 9 to 11 were rebuilt 80 metres (260 ft) shorter. The remaining Platforms 3 to 11 were renumbered, becoming Platforms 1 to 9. The platforms became effectively underground and a special extraction system is needed to remove the exhaust fumes from the diesel railcars.
The track layout in the station yard was modified and resignalled in 1987/88, and operation of points and signals transferred to a new control centre overlooking the railcar depot and station. This resignalling resulted in closure of the two signal cabins that controlled movements in the station area – Adelaide Station Cabin (near Morphett Street bridge) and Wye Cabin, at the divergence of the South and Port/North lines. Adelaide Station Cabin was demolished, but the Wye Cabin building is heritage-listed and still stands, although derelict.
Adelaide's main railcar depot was located just outside the station at North Terrace. In 2008 it was announced that the depot would be moved to a new site at Dry Creek, freeing up the Adelaide site for the new Royal Adelaide Hospital. The Dry Creek depot opened in February 2011, and the City depot closed soon after. In January 2013, the station closed for a month-long shutdown in connection with the rail electrification of the Seaford railway line. A set of escalators was recently added to the southern entrance of the railway station and the adjoining staircase was refurbished, enabling the station to handle larger numbers of people.
On 28 February 2020, Renewal SA announced a revitalisation programme of the station building, projected to take about three years to complete. A new entrance at the northern end would be created, featuring vaulted ceilings, and a public artwork by installation artist James Geurts. In addition to enhancing the architectural features of the building, and upgrading the North Terrace frontage, an expansion of food and retail tenancies, along with cultural experiences, would create a hub for people to meet and spend time there, changing the social atmosphere.
Services by platform
Platform Main Destination(s)
Notes Electrified 1 Seaford/Flinders Yes 2 Seaford/Flinders Yes 3 Seaford/Flinders Yes 4 Belair Yes 5 Belair
No 6 Gawler Central
Some weekday services terminate at Gawler No 7 Gawler Central
Some weekday services terminate at Gawler. No 8 Outer Harbor/Grange
Some peak services terminate at Glanville or Osborne. No 9 Outer Harbor/Grange
Some peak services terminate at Glanville or Osborne. No
Gallery
Adelaide railway station main entrance – looking north-west across North Terrace, December 2007.
View towards Adelaide railway station building, looking north-east across North Terrace, pre-2006.
Adelaide station and Adelaide Casino – looking south-west from the Festival Centre plaza, King William Road, 2009.
Along the station's concourse. Adelaide Casino is upstairs (left), platforms to the right. Ahead are a pedestrian tunnel under, and stairs up to, North Terrace.
Main passenger concourse and ticket barriers in 2010. The barriers were later updated to allow the use of Metrocards.
3000 class railcar awaiting departure to Noarlunga Centre from platform 2 in 2010, before the line was extended to Seaford and electrified.
Images for kids
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Municipal_Tramways_Trust
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Municipal Tramways Trust
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The Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT) was established by the Government of South Australia in December 1906 to purchase all of the horse-drawn tramways in Adelaide, South Australia. The Trust subsequently also ran petrol and diesel buses and electric trolleybuses. It ceased to exist on 8 December 1975, when its functions were transferred to the State Transport Authority, which also operated Adelaide's suburban train services.
|
en
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Wikiwand
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Municipal_Tramways_Trust
|
South Australian government transport operator 1906 to 1975 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Municipal Tramways Trust?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
SHOW ALL QUESTIONS
|
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6464
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dbpedia
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| 57 |
https://thefamousjoneses.com/
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en
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The Blog of Despair
|
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2024-02-20T20:33:01+10:30
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Grumpy old man wondering why politicians represent nobody that I know and seem to have neither sense nor ethics.
|
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The Blog of Despair
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https://thefamousjoneses.com/
|
Confession time; I have been totally sucked in by the Climate Change scam – going around talking like a true believer without bothering to check the authenticity of the many talking heads spruiking this fable. I am still a supporter of renewable power sources and will probably write a bit about those later but for now I want to concentrate on an article to which my, less easily hoodwinked, wife has drawn my attention.
I want you to read this article as I think that the composition of the body that has published it and the meticulous reference bibliography provided by the author leave no doubt as to the reliability of the document and its conclusions. I am particularly appalled by the part that BBC TV is shown to have played in this deception – although, having in the distant past has some glimpse of the underbelly of that organisation’s White City studios, I am not altogether surprised.
I also had a small part in the developing Nuclear power industry in the UK when, in common with many others, I believed that we were creating the answer to the country’s forthcoming power needs. That was in the 1950’s and, so far as I am aware, nuclear power generation has yet to make any significant contribution there. I mention this simply because ‘Climate Change’ is being used as a reason to suggest nuclear power development in Australia – something that I regard as most undesirable and now see as totally unnecessary.
Please be patient; it took me two days to read through the article and study the many references. It is not trivial. I had hoped to simply include here the url used to download my own pdf but I cannot get it to work again. I have therefore been obliged to copy and paste the pdf, making it less attractive to read. My apologies – it really is worth the struggle though.
One more comment; I see from comments on the GWPF website that, despite the rigour of the article, some people are still so totally brainwashed that they can only make scathing comments. Confirmation of the malignant power of Groupthink.
GLOBAL WARMING
A case study in groupthink
How science can shed new light on the most important ‘non-debate’ of our time
Christopher Booker
The Global Warming Policy Foundation
GWPF Report 28GWPF REPORTS
Views expressed in the publications of the Global Warming Policy Foundation
are those of the authors, not those of the GWPF, its Academic Advisory Council members or its directors
THE GLOBAL WARMING POLICY FOUNDATION
Director
Benny Peiser
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Lord Lawson (Chairman)
Lord Donoughue
Lord Fellowes
Rt Revd Dr Peter Forster, Bishop of Chester
Sir Martin Jacomb
ACADEMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL
Professor Christopher Essex (Chairman)
Sir Samuel Brittan
Sir Ian Byatt
Dr John Constable
Professor Vincent Courtillot
Professor Freeman Dyson
Christian Gerondeau
Professor Larry Gould
Professor William Happer
Professor David Henderson
Professor Terence Kealey
Professor Deepak Lal
Professor Richard Lindzen
CREDITS
Cover image The Blind Leading the Blind
©Aleutie/Shutterstock
Peter Lilley
Charles Moore
Baroness Nicholson
Graham Stringer MP
Lord Turnbull
Professor Ross McKitrick
Professor Robert Mendelsohn
Professor Garth Paltridge
Professor Ian Plimer
Professor Paul Reiter
Dr Matt Ridley
Sir Alan Rudge
Professor Nir Shaviv
Professor Henrik Svensmark
Professor Anastasios Tsonis
Professor Fritz Vahrenholt
Dr David Whitehouse
GLOBAL WARMING
A case study in groupthink
How science can shed new light on the most important ‘non-debate’ of our time
Christopher Booker
ISBN 978-0-9931190-0-2
© Copyright 2018 The Global Warming Policy FoundationContents
Foreword vii
About the author viii
Author’s personal note viii
Executive summary xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Janis’s theory of groupthink 2
3 The three rules of groupthink 3
4 The power of second-hand thinking 5
5 Global warming and the archetype of groupthink 6
6 The ‘idea whose time had come’ 18
7 The IPCC breaks its own rules: the ‘consensus’ survives its first major
scandal 20
8 The ‘consensus’ fudges the evidence 23
9 When groupthink meets the outside world 26
10 The ‘consensus’ and the media 31
11 Hysteria reaches its height 35
12 The story begins to change: dissenting voices 38
13 Groupthink and wishful thinking 44
14 Where did the ‘consensus’ get its ‘facts’? 49
15 Groupthink defends its own 52
16 Aftermath of the crisis, 2010–2014 54
17 Prelude to Paris: ‘adjusting’ the facts to fit the theory (again) 67
v18 Paris 2015: a final ‘triumph’ for groupthink 70
19 The real global warming disaster: how groupthink shaped the po-
litical response 74
20 The peculiar case of the United Kingdom 76
21 President Trump finally calls the groupthink’s bluff 80
22 Conclusions: what happens when the groupthink does meet reality? 82
23 A personal epilogue: the wider picture
Foreword
By Professor Richard Lindzen
The bizarre issue of climate catastrophism has been around sufficiently long that it
has become possible to trace its history in detail, and, indeed, several excellent re-
cent books do this, placing the issue in the context of a variety of environmental,
economic and political trends. Darwall’s Green Tyranny: Exposing the Totalitarian Roots
of the Climate Industrial Complex and Lewin’s Searching for the Catastrophe Signal: The
Origins of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deserve special mention in
this connection. Booker’s relatively brief monograph asks a rather different but pro-
foundly important question. Namely, how do otherwise intelligent people come to
believe such arrant nonsense despite its implausibility, internal contradictions, con-
tradictory data, evident corruption and ludicrous policy implications. Booker con-
vincingly shows the power of ‘groupthink’ to overpower the rational faculties that we
would hope could play some role. The phenomenon of groupthink helps explain why
ordinary working people are less vulnerable to this defect. After all, the group that the
believers want to belong to is that of the educated elite. This may have played a ma-
jor role in the election of Donald Trump, which depended greatly on the frustration
of the non-elites (or ‘deplorables’, as Hillary Clinton referred to them) with what they
perceived to be the idiocy of their ‘betters’.
Booker’s emphasis on the situation in the UK is helpful insofar as there is nowhere
that the irrationality of the response to this issue has been more evident, but the
problem exists throughout the developed world. The situation everywhere has been
reinforced by the existence of numerous individuals and groups that have profited
mightily from the hysteria (including academia, where funding predicated on sup-
porting alarm has increased by a factor of about 15–20 in the US), but why so many
others have gone along, despite the obvious disadvantages of doing so, deserves the
attention that Booker provides.
Professor Lindzen was Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Masschusetts Institute of Technology until his retirement in 2013. He is a member of the Academic Advisory Council of GWPF.
About the author
Christopher Booker has been writing on climate change and energy issues in the Sun-
day Telegraph and elsewhere over the past 11 years. In 2010 his history of the science
and politics of global warming, The Real Global Warming Disaster: is the obsession with
climate change turning into one of the most costly scientific blunders in history? was
ranked by The Bookseller as one of the UK’s three top best-selling books on the envi-
ronment in the previous decade, alongside titles by Al Gore and James Lovelock.
Born in 1937, he read history at Cambridge and was the founding editor of Private
Eye between 1961 and 1963. His other books have included The Neophiliacs: a study of
the revolution in English life in the Fifties and Sixties (1969), The Seven Basic Plots: why tell stories, a psychological analysis of storytelling (2004), The Great Deception, a history
of the European Union (co-written with Dr Richard North), and Scared to Death: Why
scares are costing us the earth (2007). In 1979 he made an acclaimed BBC television
documentary, City of Towers, tracing the crucial influence of Le Corbusier on the post-
war redevelopment of Britain’s cities.
Author’s personal note
Having now written extensively about the global warming issue for over a decade, I
kick myself that I did not discover the book that inspired this paper until 2014. When
I finally came across Irving Janis’s seminal analysis of ‘groupthink’, I realised just how
much more it helped to explain about the story I and many others had been following
for so long.
In particular, if I had known about it when in 2009 I published my history of the
great alarm over manmade climate change, The Real Global Warming Disaster, it might
have been a very different book.
Here, more briefly, I look at that story again, brought up to date, but this time
showing how Janis’s theory adds a whole new dimension to our understanding of
one of the most remarkable and puzzling episodes in the history of both science and
politics.
viii It is only by obtaining some sort of insight into the psychology of crowds that it can
be understood how powerless they are to hold any opinions other than those
which are imposed upon them.
Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd
As long as one is within a certain phenomenology, one is not astonished and no
one wonders what it is all about. Such philosophical doubt only comes to one who
is outside the game.
C.G. Jung, Psychology and National Problems
ixExecutive summary
By any measure, the belief that the earth faces an unprecedented threat from ‘human-
induced climate change’ has been one of the most extraordinary episodes in the his-
tory of either science or politics. It has led scientists and politicians to contemplate
nothing less than a complete revolution in the way mankind sources the energy re-
quired to keep modern industrial civilisation functioning, by phasing out the fossil-
fuels on which that civilisation has been built.
But for 30 years the way this has all come about has given expert observers cause
for increasing puzzlement. In particular they have questioned:
• the speed with which the belief that human carbon dioxide emissions were
causing the world dangerously to warm came to be proclaimed as being shared
by a ‘consensus’ of the world’s climate scientists;
• the nature and reliability of much of the evidence being cited to support that
belief;
• the failure of global temperatures to rise in accordance with the predictions of
the computer models on which the ‘consensus’ ultimately rested.
But there was also the peculiarly hostile and dismissive nature of the response by
supporters of the ‘consensus’ to those who questioned all this, a group that included
many eminent scientists and other experts.
The purpose of this paper is to use the scientific insights of a professor of psychol-
ogy at Yale back in the 1970s to show the entire story of the alarm over global warm-
ing in a remarkable new light. The late Professor Irving Janis analysed what happens
when people get caught up in what he termed ‘groupthink’, a pattern of collective
psychological behaviour with three distinctive features, that we can characterise as
rules.
• A group of people come to share a particular view or belief without a proper
appraisal of the evidence.
• This leads them to insist that their belief is shared by a ‘consensus’ of all right-
minded opinion.
• Because their belief is ultimately only subjective, resting on shaky foundations,
they then defend it only by displaying an irrational, dismissive hostility towards
anyone daring to question it.
This paper begins by showing how strongly all these three symptoms were in ev-
idence, right from the start, when, in the late 1980s, the belief that a rise in carbon
dioxide levels was causing the earth dangerously to warm was first brought to the
world’s attention.
It shows how the rules of groupthink continued to be in evidence when, dur-
ing the period around the first report of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
xiChange (IPCC) in 1990 and the Rio ‘Earth Summit’ of 1992, global warming became
adopted as an international scientific and political ‘consensus’.
The presence of groupthink was confirmed at Kyoto in 1997, when practical steps
were first agreed to slow down the rise in world temperatures, by means that would
require the richer, developed nations of the West to reduce their carbon dioxide emis-
sions, while allowing the still ‘developing’ nations, such as China and India, to con-
tinue increasing them until their economies had caught up with the West. Eventually,
as the paper will show, this division between the West and the rest of the world would
turn out to be the crux of the whole story,
For some years the ‘consensus’ theory continued to seem plausible, as carbon
dioxide levels and global temperatures continued to rise together, just as the com-
puter models on which the ‘consensus’ relied had predicted. In 1998 temperatures
were the highest on record, coinciding with an unusually strong El Niño event in the
Pacific.
But then came the ‘hockey stick’ controversy, which first drew charges that, to
make their case seem more plausible, supporters of the ‘consensus’ – strongly en-
dorsed by the IPCC – were having to manipulate crucial scientific evidence. Their re-
sponse to these allegations was further evidence of Janis’s third rule, that any attempt
to challenge the ‘consensus’ must be ignored, rejected and suppressed.
Between 2004 and 2007, the ‘consensus’ still seemed to carry all before it, as its
claims for the threat posed to the planet by global warming became ever more exag-
gerated and extreme, as exemplified in Al Gore’s documentary An Inconvenient Truth
and the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report in 2007.
But it was at this time that more serious cracks began to appear in the ‘consen-
sus’ case. There had been the continuing failure, since the El Niño year of 1998, of
global temperatures to rise as the computer models had predicted: this was what
became known as ‘the hiatus’ or ‘the pause’. There were telling examples of how irra-
tionally supporters of the ‘consensus’ had reacted when they were, for the first time,
confronted by world-ranking scientists who were outside the groupthink.
Even more important, there was the emergence through the internet of a new
‘counter-consensus’, led by technical experts qualified to challenge every scientific
claim on which the ‘consensus’ relied. It was this which, in accordance with Janis’s
third rule, prompted supporters of the ‘consensus’ to vilify anyone daring to disagree
with them as just ‘climate deniers’ who were ‘anti-science’.
In 2009/2010, the ‘consensus’ suffered its three most damaging blows yet:
• the release of the Climategate emails between the little group of scientists at
the heart of the IPCC establishment;
• the collapse in Copenhagen of the long-planned bid to agree a new global cli-
mate treaty, again essentially because of a division between developing nations
and the West;
xii• a series of scandals that revealed that the most widely-quoted and alarming
claims in the 2007 IPCC report had not been based on science at all, but on
claims made in press releases and false reports put out by climate activists.
On both the Climategate emails and the IPCC scandals the ‘climate establishment’
did all it could to hold the line, with a series of supposedly ‘independent’ inquiries
staged by its supporters. But the damage had been done. Between 2010 and 2014,
despite efforts by supporters of the ‘consensus’, such as the BBC and the UK Met Office,
to keep the alarm going, it became clear that it was no longer possible to sustain the
hysteria that had reached its climax in the years before Copenhagen.
But then, as this paper shows, came what amounted to a last throw by the ‘consen-
sus’, with the approach of yet another major global climate conference in Paris in 2015.
The prelude to this, coinciding with another record El Niño event in 2015/2016, was
such a rise in global temperatures as to prompt claims that ‘the pause’ had ended.
But expert analysts across the world found that wholesale ‘adjustments’ had been
made to the figures in the main surface temperature records, giving an impression
that the global temperature trend had been rising much more than was justified by
the original recorded data.
Then came an event as significant as any since the alarm over global warming had
first arisen. Documents supplied by every country before the Paris conference, known
as INDCs, or ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions’, set out their intended
future energy policies. Buried in technical details, these made clear that, however
much the countries of the West might be planning to reduce their ‘carbon’ emissions,
the rest of the world, led by China and India, was planning by 2030 to build enough
fossil-fuel power stations to increase global emissions by almost 50 percent. China
was intending to double its emissions, India to triple theirs.
In other words, the rest of the world had no intention of going along with the de-
clared aim of Paris, to agree on the wholesale ‘decarbonisation’ of the world’s econ-
omy. Yet astonishingly, so lost were developed countries in the groupthink that the
Western media failed to recognise what was happening.
One person who did was President Trump who, to the fury of all those still blinded
by the groupthink, gave the refusal of the rest of the world to reduce its carbon diox-
ide emissions as his reason for pulling the US out of the Paris Accord (although even
now this was not picked up by those reporting on his decision in the West).
Before coming to its conclusions, this paper will briefly summarise some of the
immense political consequences of the alarm over global warming: the costs and
futility of the steps being taken, chiefly in the West, to switch from fossil fuels to ‘low-
carbon’ sources of energy.
The conclusions then follow, under three headings. The first summarises the na-
ture of the groupthink that has for 30 years come to dominate virtually all public dis-
cussion of global warming in the West. The second considers the factors that will
xiiimake it so difficult for the West to escape from this intellectual straitjacket.
But the final section highlights how the events of the past two years, culminating
in Trump’s rejection of Paris, have in fact been the crux of the whole story. The rest
of the world, led by the fast-growing economies of China and India, has made clear
that, whatever the West may continue to believe or do, it is carrying on regardless.
This was what Trump recognised when, in July 2017, he finally called the bluff of one
of the most damaging examples of groupthink the world has ever known. From now
on, the story can never be the same again.
xiv1 Introduction
Since we have now been living with the debate on global warming for 30 years, it
might seem hard to imagine that any wholly new scientific perspective could usefully
be brought to bear on it. But such is the purpose of this paper, which seeks to use the
insights of a distinguished former professor of psychology at Yale to show the real
nature of that debate in a startling new light, helping us to understand much that
observers have long found baffling.
By any measure, the consequences of the belief that human activity may be caus-
ing our planet dangerously to warm have marked it as one of the most extraordinary
episodes in history. Countless billions of dollars gone into attempts to confirm the
theory that human emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are pos-
ing an unprecedented threat to the future of life on Earth. This idea has been found so
persuasive by many of the world’s politicians that they have been prepared to commit
us to spending trillions more on every kind of measure designed to avert that threat.
Their central aim has been, as they put it, to ‘decarbonise’ the world’s economy.
They want us to phase out the fossil-fuels on which mankind’s material progress has
been based for 200 years, and to rely instead on ‘carbon-free’ sources of energy, such
as ‘renewables’ and nuclear power. Together, they believe, this will bring about such
a reduction in human emissions of carbon dioxide that it will have a significant influ-
ence on the earth’s climate.
This, of course, is why the warming thesis has become so hugely important to all
our futures: it has led to the widely accepted view that our planet can only be saved
by a fundamental revolution in the way the human race manages its affairs, based on
eliminating precisely those sources of energy on which our modern industrial civili-
sation has been built.
But there has long been a very serious puzzle at the heart of how the discussion of
all this has unfolded. From the moment these views exploded to the top of the global
agenda in the late 1980s, they might have seemed to carry all before them. But right
from the start, a number of reputable scientists found them far from convincing or
well-founded. Yet so powerful was the momentum behind what had almost imme-
diately been proclaimed as a ‘consensus’ of scientific opinion that any questioning of
it was swept aside.
Over the years other experts emerged to challenge not just the ‘consensus’ it-
self, but the methods being used to promote it: not least the graphs and predictions
produced by those computer models which were so central to the case for anthro-
pogenic warming. Equally questioned were the methods being adopted by politi-
cians to counter the supposed threat, such as pouring colossal subsidies into new
sources of ‘zero-carbon’ energy.
But however authoritatively many of these attempts to question the ‘consensus’
were put, they were automatically dismissed as scarcely worth answering. In other
1words, the most obvious characteristic of the supposed ‘debate’ over climate change
was that it was never really a debate at all.
There was never any proper engagement between the two sides, because the
supporters of the ‘consensus’, who included all the world’s major scientific institutions
and most of the media, simply could not accept that any further discussion was called
for. Scarcely had the story begun than we were repeatedly told that ‘the science is set-
tled’.
For many observers, however, there was something very odd about this: not just
the absence of dialogue between the two sides, but the peculiar hostility shown by
supporters of the ‘consensus’ towards anyone who did not share their view. This was
not what might have been expected over what was, on any count, one of the most
significant issues of the age. So what might explain it? Was there perhaps some clue in
human psychology which might help better to explain the extraordinarily one-sided
nature of this ‘non-debate’?
At this point, step forward Irving Janis, a professor of psychology at Yale University
in the 1970s, the man who has given us the crucial missing perspective that may allow
us to see this familiar story in a wholly new light.
2
Janis’s theory of groupthink
I use the term ‘groupthink’ as a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking
that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when
the members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically
appraise alternative courses of action. Groupthink is a term of the same order as
the words in the newspeak vocabulary George Orwell presents in his dismaying
1984 – a vocabulary with terms such as ‘doublethink’ and ‘crimethink’. By putting
groupthink with those Orwellian words, I realise that groupthink takes on an
Orwellian connotation. The invidiousness is intentional, Groupthink refers to a
deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing and moral judgment.
Irving Janis, Victims of Groupthink, 1972
Janis’s unique contribution to science lay in his disciplined analysis of what happens
when human beings get caught up in an instance of what he called ‘groupthink’. Of
course, this is a word now casually used all over the place, to dismiss the shared mind-
set of any group of people with whose opinions one doesn’t agree. And Janis himself
did not originate the term, which is attributed to William Whyte Jr. in 1952. But Ja-
nis minted it afresh by consciously adapting it from George Orwell’s ‘doublethink’ in
Nineteen Eighty-Four. And what made his contribution so valuable was that, in his
book Victims of Groupthink in 1972 (in a later edition shortened to just Groupthink ), 1
2he showed that there is a scientific structure to the rules by which groupthink consis-
tently operates.
In fact the only reason why his book is not much better known is that he does not
himself seem to have been aware of how much more generally relevant his insights
were than to just the subject of his original study. The subtitle of his book was A Psy-
chological Study of Foreign Policy Decisions and Fiascos, and the examples he used to
illustrate his thesis were all notorious failures of US foreign policy between the 1940s
and the 1960s. These included the failure of America to heed intelligence warnings
of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941, General McArthur’s fateful decision
to advance into North Korea in 1950, President Kennedy’s backing for the CIA’s disas-
trous Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961, and President Johnson’s decision in 1965 to
escalate the war in Vietnam. In a later edition he added President Nixon’s involvement
in the Watergate affair.
But what Janis more generally showed through each of his carefully researched
case studies was how this form of collective human psychology operates according
to certain clearly identifiable rules. Janis several times set out lists of the ‘symptoms
of groupthink’, and his lengthy study included much analysis of its other attributes.
But for our present purpose, we can draw out from his work three characteristics of
groupthink that are absolutely basic and relevant to our theme. I carefully use here
the phrase ‘draw out from’ because Janis himself nowhere explicitly states that these
are the three basic rules of groupthink. But they are implicit in his analysis throughout
the book, and form the core of his theory as to how groupthink operates.
3 The three rules of groupthink
Rule one is that a group of people come to share a common view or belief that in some
way is not properly based on reality. They may believe they have all sorts of evidence
that confirms that their opinion is right, but their belief cannot ultimately be tested
in a way that confirms this beyond doubt. In essence, therefore, it is no more than a
shared belief.
Rule two is that, precisely because their shared view cannot be subjected to ex-
ternal proof, they then feel the need to reinforce its authority by elevating it into a
‘consensus’, a word Janis himself emphasised. To those who subscribe to the ‘con-
sensus’, the common belief seems intellectually and morally so self-evident that all
right-thinking people must agree with it. The one thing they cannot afford to allow
is that anyone, either within their group or outside it, should question or challenge it.
Once established, the essence of the belief system must be defended at all costs.
Rule three, in some ways the most revealing of all, is a consequence of that in-
sistence that everyone must support the ‘consensus’. The views of anyone who fails
to share it become wholly unacceptable. There cannot be any possibility of dialogue
3with them. They must be excluded from any further discussion. At best they may just
be marginalised and ignored, at worst they must be openly attacked and discredited.
Dissent cannot be tolerated.
Janis showed how consistently and fatally these rules operated in each of his ex-
amples. Those caught up in the groupthink rigorously excluded anyone putting for-
ward evidence that raised doubts about their ‘consensus’ view. So convinced were
they of the rightness of their cause that anyone failing to agree with it was aggres-
sively shut out from the discussion. And in each case, because they refused to con-
sider any evidence that suggested that their two-dimensional ‘consensus’ was not
based on a proper appraisal of reality, it eventually led to disaster.
The collective refusal to heed intelligence warnings allowed the Japanese to at-
tack Pearl Harbour with impunity. McArthur’s hubristic decision to advance into North
Korea predictably brought China into the war, with deadly results. The reckless ac-
ceptance by Kennedy and his little circle of intimate advisers of a crackpot CIA plan
to invade Cuba led inevitably to an embarrassing fiasco. The massive stepping up of
US forces in Vietnam produced a response that was to suck the US into ten years of
frustration and a growing nightmare, which only ended with their humiliating with-
drawal in 1975.
But Janis then followed this litany of failure with two examples of US foreign policy
initiatives that provided a complete contrast: the Marshall Plan in the late 1940s and
the ending of the Cuban missile crisis, which had threatened a new world war in 1962.
He showed how the difference had been that these initiatives were driven by the very
opposite of groupthink. In each case, those responsible had deliberately canvassed
the widest range of expert opinion, to ensure that all relevant evidence was brought
to the table. They wanted to explore every possible consequence of what was being
proposed. And in each case the policy was outstandingly successful.
Once we recognise how these three elements make up the archetypal rules that
define the operations of groupthink, we see just how very much more generally they
have applied, in different guises, all down the ages.
An obvious example comes in the shape of most forms of organised religion. Reli-
gions are, by definition, ‘belief systems’, which, once established, have tended to be-
come very markedly intolerant of anyone who does not share them. These outsiders
are therefore condemned as ‘heretics’, ‘infidels’, and ‘unbelievers’. To protect the right-
thinking orthodoxy, they must be marginalised, excluded from mainstream society,
persecuted, even put to death.
Another obvious instance has been those totalitarian political ideologies, such as
communism or Nazism, that likewise showed ruthless intolerance towards ‘subver-
sives’, ‘dissidents’ or anyone not following ‘the party line’ (in the Soviet Union it was
termed ‘correct thinking’). Again, such people had to be excluded from established
society, imprisoned or physically ‘eliminated’.
4Once we recognise this pattern, we can easily identify countless other examples,
large and small, throughout history; from the treatment accorded to Galileo for ques-
tioning the Church’s ‘consensus’ that the sun moved round the earth to the hysteria
whipped up in the USA in the early1950s by McCarthy and the Senate Un-American
Activities Committee, against anyone who could be demonised as a ‘communist’ and
therefore a traitor.
A perfect fictional depiction of groupthink in action is Hans Christian Andersen’s
story The Emperor’s New Clothes. When the emperor parades through the streets in
what he has been talked into imagining is a dazzling new suit, all his deferential sub-
jects acclaim it as handsome beyond compare. Only the little boy points out that the
emperor is not wearing any clothes at all, and is stark naked. And, of course, those
caught up in the ‘consensus’ all viciously turn on him for pointing out the truth.
In the epilogue I shall refer briefly to other instances of groupthink that have be-
come only too familiar in our present-day world. But before we apply Janis’s three
rules to the ‘non-debate’ over global warming, we must also add one more very im-
portant aspect of the way groupthink operates which he didn’t touch on, because it
wasn’t relevant to the particular examples he was analysing.
4 The power of second-hand thinking
Great power is given to ideas propagated by affirmation, repetition and contagion
by the circumstances that they acquire in time that mysterious force known as
‘prestige’. Whatever has been a ruling power in the world, whether it be ideas or
men, has in the main enforced its authority by means of that irresistible force we
call prestige.
Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd
Janis was only really concerned with how groupthink affected small groups of peo-
ple in charge of US policy at the highest level. But when we come to consider the
story of the belief in man-made global warming, we are of course looking at how this
was shared by countless other people: academics, politicians, the media, teachers,
business executives, indeed public opinion in general.
But all these people only got carried along by the belief that manmade global
warming was real and dangerous because they had been told it was so by others.
They accepted as true what they had heard, read or just seen on television without
questioning it. And this meant that they didn’t really know why they thought why
they did. They hadn’t thought it necessary to give such a complicated and technical
subject any fundamental study. They simply echoed what had been passed on to
them from somewhere else, usually in the form of a few familiar arguments or articles
of belief that were, like approved mantras, endlessly repeated.
5Of course, we all accept a huge proportion of what we believe or think we know
without bothering to check the reliability of whatever source we first learned it from,
such as the idea that the Earth is 93 million miles from the Sun, or that Tokyo is the
capital of Japan. We just take on trust that such things are true because everyone else
does so, and assume that, if necessary, they can be confirmed by hard evidence.
But when it came to the belief in man-made global warming, another factor was at
work, one which always becomes relevant when we are looking at any case of group-
think. Because this was a wholly new idea, its acceptance rested on how much author-
ity could be attributed to those putting it forward, and this was to become a crucial
part of the story.
Long before Janis came up with his theory of groupthink, similar ideas had been
explored in less scientific form by the French writer Gustave Le Bon, who in 1895 pub-
lished a book called The Crowd. And one of his shrewdest observations was the crucial
part played in changing the opinions of huge numbers of people by ‘prestige’: the
particular deference paid to those who are taking the lead in putting them forward.
This was never more evident than in the way the belief in manmade global warm-
ing came to win such widespread acceptance. The most obvious example was the
unique prestige accorded to the body known as the UN Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC). The prestige of the IPCC lay in the fact that it was presented to
the world as the ultimate objective authority on the state of the earth’s climate, rep-
resenting the views of all the world’s ‘top climate scientists’. If other scientists, politi-
cians, journalists or anyone else wished to make a point about global warming, they
only had to cite the IPCC as their authority. Its pronouncements were to be treated as
gospel. And even these people borrowed a little of the IPCC’s authority by the very
fact that they were quoting it.
But how did the IPCC come to be given such unparalleled authority in the first
place? This becomes highly relevant when we look at how closely the rise of the belief
in global warming and all that followed from it was shaped by Janis’s three basic rules.
5
Global warming and the archetype of groupthink
We start by re-examining how the belief in man-made global warming first came
about.
Rule 1: The creation of a belief-system
One of the most striking features of this belief was the dramatic suddenness with
which it was sprung upon the world. The story began in obscurity in the late 1970s,
when a tiny group of international meteorologists, led by Professor Bert Bolin from
Sweden, observed that global temperatures, after 30 years of modest decline, were
once again rising. In fact, Bolin had initially become convinced as far back as the late
61950s that a rise in carbon dioxide must inevitably, thanks to the properties of carbon
dioxide as a greenhouse gas, lead to global warming, at a time when such a theory
was wholly out of fashion. By the early 1970s, after three decades when global tem-
peratures had been in such decline that many scientists were predicting the approach
of a new ice age, Bolin was regarded as just an eccentrically marginal figure. 2
But by the late 1970s, he noted that not only were levels of carbon dioxide rising,
so also once again were temperatures. This confirmed for him that the two must be
directly connected, the first leading to the second. And the possible consequences
for the future of mankind, he concluded, were distinctly alarming. 3
When, in 1979, Bolin put his case to the first ever ‘World Climate Conference’,
staged in Geneva under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization (the
WMO), it seemed to his audience so convincing that it was agreed that a further con-
ference should be held, at which Bolin’s theory would be top of the agenda.
When another meeting took place at Villach, Austria, in 1985, Bolin had prepared
a long paper, arguing that the problem of ‘human-induced climate change’ was po-
tentially so serious that it called for urgent global action at the highest level. The
conference endorsed all that Bolin said, and among those who found it particularly
powerful was Dr John Houghton, an evangelical Christian who had formerly been
professor of atmospheric physics at Oxford, but who since 1983 had been the head
of the UK Met Office. He was now to become Bolin’s most influential scientific ally.
But they might still have got nowhere with their cause had they not won an even
more influential political ally, a very rich but strongly left-wing Canadian business-
man, Maurice Strong. Since his teens, Strong had become convinced that the future
of mankind lay in transforming the UN into a world government. He had also become
a very skilful political networker at the highest level. In 1972, thanks to his personal
links with the head of the UN, he had been appointed to organise in Stockholm a
‘world conference on the environment’; and this led him to being asked to set up, as
its first head, a new UN agency, the UN Environment Program (UNEP).
In fact, Strong knew very little about the environment. But he had now come to
see it as the key to using the UN’s prestige to promote a sweeping left-wing agenda.
He argued that the natural resources of the earth were the common inheritance of all
mankind, and that the rich Western countries, which had benefited so disproportion-
ately from exploiting them, must now be made to fund the poorer countries in the
rest of the world, to help their economies to catch up.
In 1985, although Strong had by then stepped down as its director, it was UNEP
which joined the WMO in sponsoring the Villach climate conference. The meeting
was chaired by Strong’s like-minded successor as head of UNEP, Dr Mustafa Tolba. In
1987 the two men were able to push their agenda significantly further as members
of the Brundtland Commission, the body that was to put the word ‘sustainable’ into
the jargon of politicians and officialdom for decades to come. Thanks to their evi-
7dence and citing the recommendations from Villach, the Brundtland report laid par-
ticular emphasis on the dangers of ‘human-induced climate change’, warning that this
could raise global temperatures to such a level that it would have serious effects on
agriculture, ‘raise sea levels, flood coastal cities and disrupt national economies’. The
report therefore called for a major global effort to curb emissions of carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases.
In the same year, Strong played a key behind-the-scenes role in organising the
conference in his native Canada that produced the Montreal Protocol, the first global
treaty to ‘protect the environment’, that succeeded in phasing out the use of CFCs,
the chemicals thought to be destroying the ozone layer. This process enabled Strong
to see that, in global warming, he had found an even more powerful theme on which
to push his long-time political agenda. And in the landmark year of 1988 everything
seemed suddenly to be coming together.
First, on a stiflingly hot July day in Washington that summer, a Senate committee
heard a cleverly stage-managed rallying cry by another recent convert to the global
warming cause, James Hansen, who, as head of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space
Studies (GISS), was in charge of one of the world’s key official temperature records.
The US media had been briefed to be present in force at this hearing, chaired by
Senator Tim Wirth and including among the members of its committee, Senator Al
Gore. The journalists were promised that they would hear something pretty sensa-
tional. Hansen’s wildly alarmist predictions that the world was heading for a global
Armageddon duly made lurid headlines across USA and beyond, including cover sto-
ries in Time and Newsweek. Wirth and Hansen had certainly pulled off quite a coup in
raising the threat of global warming to the top of the media agenda.
Quite separately, however, in November that year in Geneva, took place the in-
augural meeting of a new body, jointly sponsored by WMO and UNEP: the IPCC. Al-
though it was to be sold to the world as an impartial body of world scientists, the
IPCC was never intended by those who set it up to be anything of the kind. The two
men more than any responsible for this were Bolin, appointed as its first chairman,
and Houghton, chosen to chair ‘Working Group I’, which would contribute the all-
important section on the science of climate change when the IPCC came to compile
its first report. Not only were both men totally committed to the belief in ‘human in-
duced climate change’, so were almost all the lesser mortals round the table at that
first IPCC meeting, representing 34 nations, as can be seen from the statements each
submitted on behalf of their respective governments. 4 Within just two years, it was
proposed, the IPCC would present its first ‘assessment report’, in which the key in-
gredient would be computer models programmed to determine the extent to which
rising levels of carbon dioxide would warm the world. 5
When this First Assessment Report appeared in 1990, the global headlines were
led by a claim in its ‘Summary for Policymakers’ that the IPCC was ‘confident that the
8increase in CO 2 alone’ had been responsible for ‘more than half the world’s recent
warming’ and that this would ‘require immediate reductions in emissions from hu-
man activities of over 60 percent’.
‘Based on current models’, the Summary predicted that, unless drastic action was
taken, global temperatures would increase through the 21st century by up to 0.5 ◦ C
every decade, an increase far greater than anything ‘seen in the past 10,000 years’.
Although in the previous 100 years temperatures had increased by 0.6 ◦ C, the models
were now predicting the possibility of a not dissimilar increase every ten years. But
the Summary for Policymakers was drafted by Houghton himself. And a look at the
hundreds of pages which it was purporting to summarise showed a rather different
picture. Some of the scientists responsible for them had come to very much more
cautious, if not contradictory conclusions. One passage, for instance, admitted that:
…global warming of a larger size has almost certainly occurred at least once since
the last glaciation without any appreciable increase in greenhouse gases… [and]
because we do not understand the reasons for these past warming events, it is
not possible to attribute a specific proportion of the recent, smaller warming to
an increase in greenhouse gases.
But it was Houghton’s alarmist gloss on the actual findings of the report that, as was
intended, caught the attention of the world’s media and politicians. And this was just
what was wanted by their ally Strong, who was even now preparing for the unprece-
dented spectacular he planned to stage in Rio de Janeiro two years later.
The so-called ‘Earth Summit’, which Strong organised and chaired in Rio in 1992,
was easily the largest conference the world had ever seen. It was attended by 108
world leaders, ranging from Cuba’s Fidel Castro to a rather more reluctant US Presi-
dent George Bush Sr, along with 20,000 other official delegates. Also present in Rio
were 20,000 climate activists and members of green lobby groups, all paid for out of
UN and government funds, as arranged by Strong himself. He masterminded every
detail of this extraordinary gathering, and ensured that it would set up a Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to guide the advance to a global ‘climate
policy’.
It was planned that in 1997 the UNFCCC would stage another mega-conference
in Kyoto, where the nations of the world would sign a treaty agreeing to make drastic
cuts in carbon dioxide emissions. Or, to be more precise, in accordance with Strong’s
real long-term agenda, this treaty would commit the ‘developed’ countries of the
West to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions (since they were considered chiefly
responsible for the problem), while paying out huge sums to the still-developing na-
tions in the rest of the world, including China and India, to assist their economies to
catch up with the West.
For the tiny handful of meteorologists who, in the mid-1980s, had been discussing
how to get politicians to accept that global warming was a serious threat, all this
9amounted to an amazing coup. In just four short years they had raised it to the top of
the world’s political agenda. The first world leader to come on board in 1988 had been
Britain’s prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, who had been converted to the cause by
the UK’s ambassador to the UN, Crispin Tickell. He had won her over not least by cit-
ing Hansen’s evidence to the Senate committee. And she had then given enthusiastic
backing to John Houghton in his plans to set up the IPCC, and the funding to create
a new department of his UK Met Office, the Hadley Centre for Climate Change (later
to become the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research). This would be re-
sponsible, with the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia, for
another of what became the world’s four main global temperature records. 6
In America, the most prominent politician now totally committed to the cause was
Senator Al Gore from Tennessee; a member of that Senate committee in 1988, who
was about to become US vice-president under Bill Clinton.
In Brussels in October 1991, the European Community (shortly to become the Eu-
ropean Union) had acclaimed the IPCC report for showing how, for the first time, there
was now ‘a consensus among scientists on the possible impact and risks of the green-
house effect’. This came in a long document setting out A Community Strategy to Limit
Carbon Dioxide Emissions, proposing a Europe-wide conversion to renewable energy.
All in all, it was clear that the need to ‘combat climate change’ was very much an
idea whose time had come. But in light of the first step in Janis’s three-stage analy-
sis, we must note that, even then, the scientific base for the theory of the ‘true be-
lievers’ was in no way as secure as they pretended. The only ‘proof’ that they were
right lay in the projections of those computer models, specifically programmed to
assume that rising carbon dioxide was the most important factor driving global tem-
peratures and therefore changes to the climate. Politically, they had certainly made
astonishing progress. But, as was shown by the way Houghton had needed to ‘sex
up’ his Summary for Policymakers, they were still having to push pretty hard to make
their case seem as watertight as they would have liked. And it was already becom-
ing very evident that those who supported their cause were having to move on to
the second stage of the Janis rules, by insisting whenever possible that the case for
‘human-induced climate change’ was now accepted by a ‘consensus’ of the world’s
scientists.
10Rule 2: Creating the illusion of a ‘consensus’
Only an insignificant fraction of scientists deny the global warming crisis. The time
for debate is over. The science is settled.
Al Gore, 1992
One eminent scientist very much not part of the ‘consensus’ was Dr Richard Lindzen,
the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology and one of America’s most respected atmospheric physicists. In 1992 he pub-
lished a long informal paper entitled ‘Global warming: the origin and nature of the
alleged scientific consensus’, the theme of which was the extraordinary pressure that
had built up in the late 1980s to create the impression that global warming was sup-
ported by an overwhelming ‘consensus’ of scientific opinion. He began by recalling a
letter he had received in 1988 from a respected professor of economics named Lester
Lave, who had been one of the other witnesses called before the 1988 Senate com-
mittee at which James Hansen had spoken so dramatically.
Unlike Hansen, Lave had told the senators that the global warming hypothesis
was still ‘controversial’, that by no means all scientists were agreed on it, and that the
science was still very uncertain as to what the causes of climate change might be.
Senator Gore expressed vehement irritation at this, claiming that anyone who said
such a thing couldn’t know what he was talking about, and suggesting that there
was no point in the senators hearing any more of Professor Lave’s evidence. 7
Lave had been so surprised to be dismissed by the committee in such summary
fashion that he had written to Lindzen, as one of America’s most distinguished clima-
tologists, to ask whether he had got it wrong. Lindzen confirmed that the case for
global warming was not only ‘controversial’ but also, in his view, ‘implausible’. 8
Two years later, when the IPCC produced its first report, as Lindzen described,
he had found it as a scientist deeply disturbing. He too had been shocked by the
way Houghton’s Summary for Policymakers had largely ignored the ‘uncertainty’ ex-
pressed in parts of the report itself, by attempting ‘to present the expectation of sub-
stantial warming as firmly based science’. 9 Indeed this had essentially been confirmed
by Houghton himself, admitting that:
…whilst every attempt was made by the lead authors to incorporate their com-
ments, in some cases these formed a minority opinion which could not be rec-
onciled with the larger consensus. 10
But Lindzen’s chief objections to the report were based on the area of science in which
he himself had unrivalled expertise. He noted that the IPCC’s predictions of future
temperatures and climate behaviour were all based on computer models. And what
particularly struck him was that the programming of these models was much too sim-
plistic. By giving pole position to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases as the
11main ‘forcing’ ingredient in driving future temperatures, and by failing to allow for
other natural influences on climate, their findings were demonstrably misleading.
In particular, observed Lindzen, the models overlooked or seriously misjudged
the part played by far the most important greenhouse gas of all, water vapour, which
makes up more than 90 percent of their total volume. They also failed to allow for
the effect of the increased cloud-cover that would result from the greater humidity
caused by warming of the oceans. Each of these effects would lessen the impact of
global warming. Account for them properly in the models, he argued, and it would
be seen that the ‘greenhouse effect’ caused by rising carbon dioxide levels had been
wildly overstated. What was more, this could be demonstrated by running those
same computer models retrospectively, to show where, if they were right, temper-
atures should have been throughout the 20th century. It became glaringly obvious
that these crudely over-simplified programmes failed to explain the actual variations
that had taken place in 20th century temperature levels. In the 1920s and 1930s,
when carbon dioxide emissions were comparatively low, temperatures had sharply
risen. But in the very years when emissions were rising much more steeply, between
1940 and the 1970s, temperatures had fallen back, in what became known to clima-
tologists as the ‘Little Cooling’. In fact, the assumptions on which the models were
based, said Lindzen, would have led them to predict a 20th century warming four
times greater than that actually recorded (with most of the rise taking place before
atmospheric carbon dioxide had reached anything like its present level). On this ba-
sis, how could any trust now be placed in their pretended ability to estimate future
rises? As Lindzen bluntly put it, the models had ‘neither the physics nor the numerical
accuracy to come up with findings which were not ‘disturbingly arbitrary’.
But even though this confirmed why Lindzen found the IPCC’s case for future
warming ‘implausible’ and seriously exaggerated, his lengthy paper on the nature of
the supposed ‘consensus’ in fact ranged very much wider. In particular, he focussed
on both the remarkable degree to which the notion of a ‘consensus’ had been used
to dominate public debate and also the extraordinary pressure brought to bear to
ensure that anyone daring to question it was marginalised.
For a start, it had been notable how quickly other influential interest groups had
rushed to join the cause. He described, for instance, how fervently global warming
had been taken up by the leading environmental campaigning organisations, such
as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and the WWF. These pressure groups, which had
originally emerged out of the ‘environmental awakening’ of the 1960s, had now at-
tained very considerable status and influence as ‘non-governmental organisations’
(NGOs).
The chief original target of all these campaigning groups had been the need to
save the world from the ‘threat’ posed by nuclear weapons and nuclear power sta-
tions. 11 But with remarkable unanimity, as the Cold War came to an end, they had
12all suddenly switched the focus of their attention to this new threat to the planet. As
Lindzen put it:
…these lobbying groups have budgets of several million dollars and employ about
50,000 people. Their support is highly valued by many political figures. As with
any large groups, self-perpetuation becomes a crucial concern. ‘Global warming’
has become one of the major battle cries in their fundraising efforts. At the same
time, the media unquestioningly accept the pronouncements of these groups as
objective truth.
In March 1989 the main NGOs had formed an umbrella organisation, the Climate Ac-
tion Network, to co-ordinate their campaigning on global warming. This shadowy
body was to be used by Strong in 1992 to co-ordinate his recruiting of the 20,000
activists who attended his Rio summit.
At the same time, another such group, the Union of Concerned Scientists, which
had also originally been formed to campaign on nuclear issues, organised a petition
urging the recognition of global warming as potentially the greatest danger faced by
mankind. The eventual list of 700 signatories, including Nobel prizewinners and many
members of the National Academy of Sciences, seemed hugely impressive. But ‘only
about three or four’ of them, according to Lindzen, were qualified climate scientists.
At the 1990 meeting of the National Academy, its president, referring specifically
to this petition, went out of his way to warn members against ‘lending their credibil-
ity to issues about which they had no special knowledge’. 12 His warning was to be
conspicuously ignored.
Lindzen also recalled how quickly the new cause had become fashionable among
leading figures in showbusiness, such as the Hollywood actors Robert Redford, Bar-
bra Streisand and Meryl Streep, all of whom made much-publicised calls, in Redford’s
words, for people to stop just ‘researching’ the warming threat and to ‘begin acting’
(which, as Lindzen wryly observed, was not an unreasonable thing for an actor to
suggest).
Also now becoming obvious, however, was just how much new money was now
becoming available for research into climate change. Even though in 1989 President
George Bush Sr’s senior White House advisers had initially been sceptical on the issue,
so great now was political pressure that in 1989 they authorised a staggering increase
in the federal budget for climate change research. Over the next four years this was
to increase from just $134 million to a total of $2.8 billion. 13
But, as Lindzen noted, it had soon become clear that any proposals deemed likely
to be at all ambivalent over global warming were highly unlikely to be accepted. He
recalled how, in the winter of 1989, the National Science Foundation had withdrawn
funding from one of his MIT colleagues, Professor Reginald Newell, when his data
analyses failed to show that the previous century had seen a net warming (one re-
viewer suggested that his results were ‘dangerous to humanity’). 14
13This was an indication of just how ruthless the pressure had become to shut any
critics of the ‘consensus’ out of the debate. When Lindzen himself submitted a critique
of the global warming thesis to Science, the journal of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, his article was rejected as being of ‘no interest’ to its
readership. But, to his astonishment, Science then proceeded to attack his paper even
though it had not been published.
Although the article eventually appeared in the Bulletin of the American Meteoro-
logical Society, its editor made ‘a determined effort to solicit rebuttals’, including one
that was an attack on Lindzen by Stephen Schneider, a scientist who in the 1970s had
been a prominent supporter of the belief that the world might be heading for a new
ice age, but was now one of the leading advocates of warming.
The letters the paper aroused from the Bulletin’s readers, however, were predomi-
nantly sceptical of the case for anthropogenic warming. Indeed, a subsequent Gallup
poll of climate scientists belonging to the American Meteorological Society and the
American Physical Union showed that no fewer than 49 percent rejected it. Only 18
percent thought that some warming was caused by man, while 33 percent were ‘don’t
knows’.
Lindzen noted how a number of the scientists participating in the IPCC report had
…testified to the pressure put on them to emphasise results supportive of the
current scenario and to suppress other results. That pressure has frequently been
effective, and a survey of participants reveals substantial disagreement with the
final report. 15
‘Why, one might wonder’, Lindzen asked, was ‘there such insistence on scientific una-
nimity on the warming issue’? After all, he observed,
…unanimity in science is virtually non-existent on far less complex matters. Una-
nimity on an issue as uncertain as ‘global warming’ would be surprising and sus-
picious. Moreover, why are the opinions of scientists sought regardless of their
field of expertise? Biologists and physicians are rarely asked to endorse some
theory in high-energy physics. Apparently, when one comes to ‘global warm-
ing’, any scientist’s agreement will do.
The supporters of the ‘consensus’ were now clearly becoming impatient of anyone
who dared question their orthodoxy. This takes us on to the final stage of Janis’s three
rules of groupthink: the ruthless way in which a ‘consensus’ must be defended against
anyone who disagrees with it. This is necessary for upholders of the ‘consensus’, not
only in propaganda terms, showing a wider audience how any critics can safely be ig-
nored, but in psychological terms, by reinforcing their own belief that the ‘consensus’
is unquestionably right.
14Rule 3: Putting ‘non-believers’ beyond the pale
Once Lindzen’s sceptical views had become known, as he described in his paper, he
had been singled out for venomous attack, even in books, such as World on Fire: Sav-
ing an Endangered Earth, published in 1991 by George Mitchell, the Democrats’ ma-
jority leader in the Senate. In fact Lindzen was far from alone in being given such
treatment. He and other ‘climate sceptics’ were now being regularly subjected to dis-
missive ridicule in the press, as in an article in the New York Times by Al Gore, in which,
by somewhat ironic projection, he compared those who shared his views to Galileo,
bravely standing for the truth against the intolerant consensus of his time.
But just how vicious in suppressing criticism the supporters of the ‘consensus’ had
become was illustrated by the fate of two other eminent scientists who had also pub-
licly shown that they did not subscribe to the ‘consensus’. In the summer of 1992,
Al Gore, by now the leading political crusader on global warming in America, was
bidding to become the Democrat Party’s candidate for vice-president. As part of his
campaign he published a book, Earth in the Balance, claiming that global warming
was ‘the worst threat we have ever faced’. 16
Gore paid glowing tribute to the man who had first alerted him to this threat when
he was at Harvard in the mid-1960s: the distinguished oceanographer, Roger Revelle.
Back in the 1950s, as head of a department at the University of California in San Diego,
Revelle had been behind the setting up of the research station on top of the Hawai-
ian volcano Mauna Loa that measures the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
When the data had shown that these were steadily rising, it was this more than any-
thing else that helped to set the great alarm over global warming on its way.
When Gore wrote his book in 1992, he seemed unaware that, although Revelle
had recognised a possible connection between greenhouse gases and global tem-
peratures, he had long been taking a very much more cautious view on global warm-
ing than that now being championed by Gore himself. In July 1988, after Hansen
made headlines with his testimony to Wirth’s Senate committee, Revelle had written
to a member of Congress:
Most scientists familiar with the subject are not yet willing to bet that the climate
this year is the result of ‘greenhouse warming’. As you very well know, climate is
highly variable from year to year, and the causes of these variations are not at
all well understood. My own personal belief is that we should wait another ten
or twenty years to really be convinced that the greenhouse effect is going to be
important for human beings, in both positive and negative ways. 17
Four days later Revelle had written to Wirth himself, cautioning that:
…we should be careful not to arouse too much alarm until the rate and amount
of warming becomes clearer. It is not yet obvious that this summer’s hot weather
and drought are the result of a global climatic change or simply an example of
15the uncertainties of climate variability. My own feeling is that we had better wait
another ten years before making confident predictions. 18
In 1990, at a conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Revelle was approached by an old friend, Dr Fred Singer, then professor of environ-
mental science at the University of Virginia, but who, back in the 1960s, had worked
with NASA to design and set up, as its first director, the US National Satellite Weather
Service. The two men discussed writing an informal paper together on global warm-
ing, which Singer went on to draft for submission to a small-circulation journal called
Cosmos. When he and Revelle met to discuss the proofs, they agreed several amend-
ments, and the article was published in April 1991. It was entitled ‘What to do about
greenhouse warming: look before you leap’. Their main argument, echoing the views
that Revelle had expressed earlier in his letters to the members of Congress, was that:
Drastic, precipitous, and especially unilateral steps to delay the putative green-
house impacts can cost jobs and prosperity and increase the human costs of
global poverty without being effective. Stringent economic controls now would
be economically devastating particularly for developing countries. . . ’
They concluded that:
…the scientific base for a greenhouse warming is too uncertain to justify drastic
action at this time.
The article attracted little attention and three months later, professionally active to
the end of his life, Revelle died aged 82. Later that year, however, Singer was invited
to contribute to a book on global warming and suggested that their article be repub-
lished.
The following summer of 1992, when Al Gore was running hard to win the vice-
presidential nomination, the New Republic picked up on the contrast between the
references to Revelle in his new book and the views expressed in the article he had co-
authored with Singer. 19 This was prominently reported elsewhere in the media and,
after Gore won the nomination, was even raised in a televised election debate. Gore’s
response was not only to protest that Revelle’s views in the article had been ‘taken
completely out of context’, but to use one of his close associates, Dr Justin Lancaster of
Harvard, to ask Singer to remove Revelle’s name from the article. This was somewhat
impractical, since it had already been published.
However, Lancaster persisted in his efforts, not only claiming that Revelle had not
really been a co-author of the article and that his name had only been included ‘over
his objections’, but even suggesting that Singer must have been pressuring a sick old
man whose mental capacities were failing.
When, after Gore had become US vice-president, Lancaster repeated his charges,
Singer in April 1993 sued him for libel. And this led to a remarkable revelation. When
the two sides exchanged documents, it emerged that it was Gore who had particu-
larly pressed Lancaster about Revelle’s mental state towards the end of his life: hence
16Lancaster’s suggestions that Singer had been quite improperly exploiting Revelle’s
loss of his faculties.
But Lancaster was now prepared to agree that Revelle had in fact been ‘mentally
sharp to the end’. He also admitted that Revelle had shown him the article before it
was published, with the comment that there did not seem to be anything in it that
‘was not true’. 20
In February 1994, an ABC News presenter, Ted Koppel, revealed on his Nightline
programme that Vice President Gore had rung him in person, suggesting that he
should expose the sinister political and economic forces behind what he called the
‘anti-environmental movement’. Gore had in particular urged him to expose the fact
that Singer and other scientists who had voiced sceptical views about global warming
were receiving money from the coal industry and other fossil-fuel interests.
Such charges were already becoming an all-too familiar feature of the debate.
Anyone daring to express doubts about the ‘consensus’ might now face accusations
that they could only be expressing these views because they had been paid to do
so by energy firms, ‘Big Oil’ or even the tobacco industry. 21 But when Koppel called
Gore’s bluff by reporting the call from the vice-president on air, this attempt to use a
leading news programme to discredit his opponents provoked such political embar-
rassment that, shortly afterwards, Lancaster settled his case with Singer by issuing a
full retraction and apology. 22
This sorry episode was a further graphic illustration of how those caught up in any
form of groupthink are likely to respond to anyone who doesn’t agree with them. As
Janis showed, because the only evidence they are willing to recognise is that which
confirms their own mindset, anyone who dissents must be discredited, stereotyped
and caricatured as only doing so from some ignoble motive.
Rather than attempting to address the points dissenters are raising, these are rou-
tinely countered by ad-hominem attacks on their character. Some dark reason must
be found to explain why such people should not be listened to, such as suggesting
that they are only questioning the ‘consensus’ because they are being paid to do so.
But such propaganda tactics can only be effective so long as the illusory ‘consen-
sus’ continues to hold the moral high ground.
176
The ‘idea whose time had come’
In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that pollution,
the threat of global warming, water shortages, famine and the like would fit the
bill. . . all these dangers are caused by human intervention…the real enemy then is
humanity itself.
The First Global Revolution, Report by the Club of Rome, 1991 23
So far, we have looked in some detail at how the origins of this belief system provide
a perfect case study in the workings of groupthink, by demonstrating how all the
three stages of this archetypal pattern so quickly emerged from the very start of the
global warming story. We shall shortly follow that story in a more summary form,
looking at just some of the more conspicuous examples of how consistently Janis’s
rules continued to shape it over the years to come. But first we must briefly consider
two of the deeper psychological reasons why the global warming ‘narrative’ had so
widely and rapidly taken hold in the late 1980s, as an ‘idea whose time had come’.
The first reason was the profound shift in collective consciousness that had taken
place in the late 1950s and 1960s, giving rise to what became known as ‘environ-
mentalism’ and the ‘environmental movement’. This was the awareness that, for the
first time in history, science had given mankind the power to destroy all life on earth.
Obviously, the supreme expression of this idea was the fearful shadow cast by the
possibility of nuclear war. With the Cold War, the world was divided between two
great camps, each armed with missiles carrying hydrogen bombs, capable not just of
immediate catastrophic destruction but of spreading radioactivity so widely that it
might render large parts of the planet uninhabitable.
But this realisation also coincided with a new awareness of the damage mankind
was already inflicting on nature and the natural environment, through toxic chemi-
cals, the methods of modern agriculture, the ever-growing pollution of the seas by
indestructible plastic wastes, the pressures of over-population and the evidence that
so many species seemed now to be threatened by human activity with extinction.
In 1958 these fears had had given rise to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament,
in 1961 to the founding of WWF and in 1962 to Rachel Carson’s hugely best-selling
Silent Spring on the threat posed to wildlife by pesticides. By the end of the 1960s it
had led to the launching of the two most influential of all environmental campaigning
groups, Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, both initially focused on the nuclear
threat.
No image caught the new mood of the time better than ‘Earthrise’, the picture
of the soft blue Earth taken in 1968 from the Apollo 11 space mission, widely inter-
preted as showing how vulnerable the earth had become to the destructive powers
of humanity as ‘the only planet we’ve got’.
18In 1972 came that first ‘World Environment Conference’, organised for the UN and
shaped according to his own political agenda by Maurice Strong. In the same year,
the Club of Rome’s The Limits to Growth report, selling 37 million copies worldwide,
used a computer model to show how population growth would soon outrun food
production and natural resources, to threaten the survival of civilisation.
All this had created a mindset and a narrative which, by casting humanity as its
own worst enemy, as ‘the cuckoo in the nest of creation’, was perfectly fitted by the
late 1980s to take on board this great new scare story: that, quite apart from all the
other threats mankind was posing to the future of the planet, conceivably the worst
(apart of course from a nuclear holocaust) was the possibility that runaway global
warming created by human emissions of greenhouse gases might lead to the de-
struction of all life on earth.
This was why, as the Cold War came to an end, with the sudden collapse of the So-
viet communist empire removing the fear of nuclear war almost overnight, those en-
vironmental groups that had been founded on their opposition to nuclear weapons
and nuclear power, were able to morph seamlessly into seeing the need to fight the
threat of man-made global warming as their new great cause. They were also joined
in this by WWF, on the grounds that global warming was a serious new addition to its
prime purpose, to fight for species threatened with extinction.
The key to the success of the new cause was precisely that it made such an appeal
to the moral sense. Those caught up in it were convinced that they were supporting
the ‘good guys’ in wanting to ‘save the planet’ from a quite unprecedented catastro-
phe. But they were thus fitting into a very ancient and archetypal pattern of collective
human psychology. Ever since the biblical story of Noah, history (or myth) had been
full of episodes where it was believed that mankind was facing some immense dis-
aster that threatened the end of the world. Common to all such millennial scenarios
was the conviction that this would be a punishment for the wickedness of the human
race in having taken a morally wrong turning. And a very powerful part of the appeal
of this particular narrative was that it divided the world into the ‘bad guys’ who had
set humanity on course for disaster by persuading it down the primrose path of de-
pendence on those evil fossil fuels, and the ‘good guys’ who had finally woken up to
how dangerously mistaken this had been. By joining this new holy cause, one was
choosing to side with ‘life’ rather than continuing blindly on a course which would
otherwise bring death to all life on earth – unless humanity could be persuaded to
wake up in time, and to take the very drastic actions that alone could bring salvation.
If any form of groupthink relies on a conviction that it holds the moral high ground,
the ‘consensus’ over global warming was about to face its own first real moral chal-
lenge. This was when, for the first time, a serious scandal came to light over the inner
workings of its most prestigious authority, the IPCC.
197
The IPCC breaks its own rules: the ‘consensus’
survives its first major scandal
The members’ firm belief in the morality of their group and their use of
undifferentiated stereotypes of their opponents would enable them to minimise
conflicts between ethical values and expediency. . . ‘Since our group’s objectives
are good’, the members feel, ‘any means we decide to use must be good’ . . . Shared
negative stereotypes that feature the evil nature of the enemy would enhance their
sense of moral righteousness and their pride in the lofty mission of the in-group.
Irving Janis, Groupthink
If the IPCC is incapable of following its most basic procedures, it would be best to
abandon the entire IPCC process, or at least that part that is concerned with the
scientific evidence on climate change, and look for more reliable sources of advice
on this important question.
Professor Frederick Seitz, former President of the National Academy of Sciences 24
The scandal erupted in 1996, following the publication of the IPCC’s Second Assess-
ment Report, although on this occasion it had been decided to issue the Summary for
Policymakers some time before the release of the full report. One sentence in it had
caught worldwide headlines. It claimed that ‘the balance of evidence suggests that
there is a discernible human influence on global climate’. And the source for this was
given as Chapter 8 of the Working Group 1 report. Sure enough, when the full report
did finally appear, a similar sentence was discovered buried away in its hundreds of
pages.
But no one was more surprised by this than several of the scientific contributors
to those same pages, who had earlier signed off the text as an accurate record of
what they had agreed. These now much-quoted words had not appeared in the draft
they formally approved at a meeting in Madrid in November 1995 (also attended by
177 government delegates from 96 countries and 14 NGO representatives). 25 Partic-
ularly odd was that the only sources cited for the new wording were two papers co-
authored by one of the lead authors on this part of the report: a scientist employed
by the US government named Ben Santer. In clear breach of one of the IPCC’s strictest
rules, these two cited papers had not even yet been published.
What astonished the scientists even more, however, was to discover that no less
than 15 key statements from their agreed text had been deleted. And each of these
had expressed serious doubt over the human contribution to global warming. They
included, for instance, such statements as:
None of the studies cited above has shown clear evidence that we can attribute
the observed changes to the specific cause of increases in greenhouse gases.
20and
No study to date has positively attributed all or part (of the climate change ob-
served) to (man-made) causes.
This all seemed so irregular that, a week after the full report appeared, the Wall Street
Journal published a devastating article headed ‘Major deception on global warming’,
by one of the most respected scientists in America, Professor Frederick Seitz, a for-
mer president of the National Academy of Sciences. 26 Seitz quoted some of the 15
passages that had been so damningly deleted, thundering that:
In my more than 60 years as a member of the American scientific community,
including service as president of both the National Academy of Sciences and the
American Physical Society, I have never witnessed a more disturbing corruption
of the peer-review process than the events which led up to this IPCC report.
‘The major responsibility’ for what had happened, he suggested, must lie with the
lead author, Santer. ‘IPCC reports’, Seitz observed, ‘are often called the “consensus”
view’. But if they were to lead to ‘carbon taxes and restraints on economic growth,
they will have a major and almost certainly destructive effect on the economies of
the world’. He went on
Whatever the intent was of those who made these significant changes, their ef-
fect is to deceive policy makers and the public into believing that scientific evi-
dence shows human activities are causing global warming.
The IPCC establishment was clearly very shaken at having been caught out like this.
So unimpeachable was Seitz’s reputation that his article could not simply be ignored.
Nor was it possible to discredit him personally (although that limp effort was made
to associate him with Fred Singer, as co-authors of a paper which, it was insinuated,
must have been funded by allies of the tobacco industry).
The Wall Street Journal published defensive letters from both Bolin and Houghton,
along with one from Santer himself, (co-signed by Tom Wigley, another close adviser
of Al Gore and former director of the University of East Anglia’s CRU), all denying that
what had happened had been in breach of the IPCC’s rules.
This point was developed in a paper by another member of the IPCC establish-
ment, Stephen Schneider, who had also been present at the Madrid meeting. 27 He
did confirm that it was Santer who had been responsible for all the deletions and ad-
ditions. But he also described how, entirely within the rules (as he claimed), a little
group of scientists had then gone off into a separate room to approve the changes. 28
What only came to light two years later, in evidence to a Congressional committee,
was the sequence of events that had preceded the making of the changes. Before
the contributing scientists had signed off the text, Houghton, as the report’s editor,
received a message from the State Department in Washington, which read:
It is essential that the chapters not be finalised prior to the completion of the
discussions at the IPCC Working Group 1 Plenary in Madrid, and that chapter au-
21thors be prevailed upon to modify their text in an appropriate manner following
the discussion in Madrid. 29
This instruction had come from the office of the man who was now the US Under-
Secretary of State for Global Affairs: Timothy Wirth, the longtime close ally of Vice
President Gore and chairman of those historic Senate committee hearings in 1988.
Top of the US administration’s agenda at the time had been the effort to ensure a
successful outcome to the global climate conference due to take place in Kyoto in
1997. For this they considered it vital that the IPCC should pronounce more forcefully
than before that there could no longer be any doubt that global warming was caused
by human activity.
By any measure, this episode might have led observers to question whether the
IPCC was quite the impartial, non-political body it was purported to be. But such was
the power of the groupthink, which now held so many in its grip – not least the media
– that the dust soon settled. The authority of IPCC, as representing a ‘consensus of the
world’s top climate scientists’, emerged unscathed.
It is a fair guess that few of the 10,000 people who attended the UNFCCC’s mega-
conference in Kyoto in December 1997 were not (in every sense) fully paid-up sup-
porters of the ‘consensus’. They included 2000 official delegates – politicians, offi-
cials and academics – supported by 5000 fully-funded climate activists and members
of green lobby groups (44 from Greenpeace alone), plus 3000 representatives of the
world’s media, almost all of whom would have been sympathetic to the conference’s
aims. The star of the show was Vice President Gore, who descended by helicopter
on the main conference hotel just in time to give the opening keynote address. Also
much in evidence, though no longer chairing the occasion, was Maurice Strong, And
the purpose of the gathering was to sign the world’s first full-scale global ‘climate
treaty’ which, after months of fierce behind-the-scenes haggling, was very much on
the lines originally drawn up by Strong.
The rich industrialised nations of the West, classified as ‘Annex 1 countries’, would
agree to curb their carbon dioxide emissions, while the still ‘developing’ Annex 2
countries, including China and India, would be exempted, to allow their economies
to catch up with the West. The one-sided nature of this deal put Gore on the spot,
because it was precisely the reason why the US Senate had already voted 95-0 that
America could not accept such a treaty. But, to unanimous applause, Gore signed it
anyway.
Even though one of his close advisers, Tom Wigley, formerly director of the Univer-
sity of East Anglia’s CRU, famously calculated that the emissions cuts signed up to by
the developed countries would only slow the rise in global temperatures by six years,
the political focus over the next few years was to persuade the requisite number of
countries to ratify the treaty to bring it into force. And it had already been agreed
that Kyoto was only a first step, to be replaced by another, much tougher treaty a few
22years down the line.
For all this, it was vital for the IPCC to step up the pressure with its next report,
due in 2001. This was to lead to what would become, scientifically, the most revealing
episode in its history.
8 The ‘consensus’ fudges the evidence
He who controls the past, controls the future. He who controls the present, controls
the past.
George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four
Up to now, it seemed the global warming theory was looking ever more plausible.
As carbon dioxide levels continued to rise, so did the trend in global temperatures,
seemingly just as predicted. But the one problem which more than anything worried
the little group of scientists at the heart of the IPCC was the long-held assumption
that during the Middle Ages – the so-called Medieval Warm Period – the world had
been even hotter than it had become in the late-20th century. Obviously, this was
centuries before it could have been blamed on man-made carbon dioxide. 30
The story of how the IPCC got around this problem has long been familiar and
fully-documented. 31 It began in 1995 with a famous email from one of the little group
of scientists at the heart of the IPCC, Jonathan Overpeck, to another scientist whom
he assumed agreed with the ‘consensus’. In it, Overpeck said ‘we have to get rid of the
Mediaeval Warm Period’.
Four years later, bang on cue, there appeared in Nature a graph, produced by a
hitherto unknown young PhD, Michael Mann, which supplied just what was needed.
Mann and two colleagues had wholly rewritten the accepted picture of historic world
temperatures. Their graph showed temperatures having steadily declined over the
past millennium in an almost unwavering downward line, until suddenly, in the late
20th century, they dramatically spiked upwards to by far their highest level in 1000
years (thus giving the graph the shape of the handle and blade of an ice-hockey stick).
The Medieval Warm Period had completely disappeared. So had the four-centuries-
long Little Ice Age. And it further helped that 1998 had been measured as the hottest
year since modern temperature records began, bringing the graph to its suitably ter-
rifying climax.
This was everything those at the top of the IPCC could have wanted. When its
Third Assessment Report appeared in 2001, the ‘hockey-stick’ not only led the first
page of the Summary for Policymakers but at the launch of the report, Houghton
appeared to the media in front of a huge blow-up of Mann’s graph. It also appeared
five more times in the report itself. It was this startling image as much as anything
that encouraged the Summary to go even further than its predecessors in claiming
23that ‘there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over
the past 50 years is attributable to human activity’, and to predict that, within 100
years, global temperatures could have risen by as much as 5.8 ◦ C, much higher than
anything suggested before. 32
But it was also the strangely familiar hockey stick shape which, a year or two later,
caught the attention of Steve McIntyre, a Canadian expert in statistics. As an industrial
consultant, the shape of the hockey stick aroused his suspicion because he had often
seen similar graphs produced by companies wishing to give an exaggeratedly opti-
mistic picture of their future business prospects. When McIntyre and a Canadian eco-
nomics professor, Ross McKitrick, used their expertise to analyse the way Mann had
constructed the graph, they became increasingly astonished. In essence it seemed
that Mann’s algorithm was ‘mining’ the underlying data for hockey-stick shapes, and
therefore would give a hockey stick result from whatever data was fed into it. In fact,
although the graph purported to show temperatures over the past 1000 years for
the whole of the Northern Hemisphere, Mann’s initial ‘proxy’ temperature data had
largely consisted just of tree-rings from North America (a notoriously unreliable way
to measure past temperatures). But almost the only trees from the sample which ac-
tually had a hockey-stick shape had been one group of bristlecone pines in California.
Yet Mann’s algorithm had given these 390 times more weight than a tree-ring sam-
ple from Arkansas which had failed to show a ‘hockey stick’ shape. Finally, and even
more oddly, the temperatures for the closing decades of the 20th century were not
based on tree-ring proxies at all. They were thermometer-recorded data, and in the
much-publicised version of the graph published in the IPCC’s 2001 report, they had
been spliced onto the end of the tree-ring data. 33 It was only this combination of two
wholly different data sources which gave the graph that final, eye-catching uptick.
Initially McIntyre and McKitrick had great difficulty in getting any scientific journal
to publish their findings. Nature, which had originally published the graph and had
long been a highly partisan advocate for the ‘consensus’, flatly refused to allow them
to explain what their meticulous analysis had revealed. 34 But once they had found a
journal willing to publish their findings, it became increasingly clear that the IPCC es-
tablishment had again been seriously caught out, and this time on the very ‘evidence’
it had made the single most widely publicised argument for their cause.
We later learned from the Climategate emails, leaked in 2009 from CRU, just what
angst and anger this had aroused among that same intimately connected group of
scientists who were now at the heart of the IPCC. In the exchanges of emails all their
names were there: Mann himself, Ben Santer, Tom Wigley, Stephen Schneider, Jonathan
Overpeck, Kevin Trenberth, and Gavin Schmidt, who was Hansen’s number two at
GISS and in charge of one of the two main global surface temperature records. At
East Anglia itself, their close ally, CRU director Phil Jones, was responsible for the other
surface record, HadCRUt.
24What these emails also brought to light was that, just when Mann had been cre-
ating his ‘hockey-stick’, Jones’s CRU colleague Keith Briffa had already been trying to
produce a remarkably similar graph, also based on tree-ring ‘proxies’, this time from
Siberia. But these had also frustratingly seemed to show a marked falling off of tem-
peratures in the second half of the 20th century, which showed that they were not
proxies for temperature at all. It was this problem that led to the most quoted of all
the Climategate emails, describing how they had used ‘Mike’s Nature trick’ to ‘hide the
decline’. In other words, they had cut off the tree-ring sequence just where it wasn’t
giving the picture they wanted, and then, like Mann, incorporated thermometer tem-
peratures for recent decades, making them look much warmer than the medieval era.
Once out in the open, the ‘hockey-stick’ controversy continued tortuously to roll
on for two more years. Two of Mann’s closest academic colleagues, publicly champi-
oned by Houghton, pulled out all the stops to ensure that the next IPCC report, due
in 2007, would include evidence confirming the accuracy of the ‘hockey stick’. 35
In fact, since 2001, there had been two significant changes at the top of the IPCC.
Houghton himself had stepped down as head of Working Group I, responsible for the
science of climate change. In 2002, it had been given, for political reasons, a new
chairman, Dr Rajendra Pachauri, the obscure director of a small, Delhi-based research
institute, TERI. Pachauri had formerly been a railway engineer, before getting a PhD
in the ‘economics of energy’. He had no background in climate science. 36
In 2006 Mann’s graph was the subject of two separate Congressional inquiries.
One included several of his supporters, who made sure that its findings were not too
obviously damaging. The other commissioned a report from Dr Edward Wegman,
one of America’s most respected statisticians, which was fiercely critical of Mann’s
methodology. In a line which could almost have come from Irving Janis, Wegman
wrote that Mann’s academic supporters were
…a tightly-knit group of individuals who passionately believe in their thesis. How-
ever, our perception is that this group has a self-reinforcing feedback mecha-
nism.
In other words, the group’s method was to discuss, peer-review and cite each other’s
work, to maximise the authority of their shared view. But despite all their efforts, care-
fully orchestrated by their allies inside the IPCC, and despite further breaches of the
IPCC’s strict prohibition on citing papers not yet published, the final report’s defence
of Mann was pretty well buried away. Its only repetition of his graph was so scrambled
together with others in a ‘spaghetti’ diagram that it was barely visible.
Although the ‘hockey stick’ had now been so widely discredited that it had all but
sunk from view, it would continue to be used by supporters of the ‘consensus’ as if
none of this had happened. In the eyes of politicians and the media, the prestige of
the IPCC remained as high as ever.
259
When groupthink meets the outside world
Sir David King goes to Moscow
They revealed an absolute – and I stress absolute – inability to answer questions . . .
when it became clear that they could not provide a substantive answer to a
question . . . attempts were made to disrupt the seminar. At least four times during
the course of the seminar, ugly scenes were staged which prevented the seminar
from proceeding normally. As a result we lost at least four hours of working time.
Vladimir Putin’s chief economic adviser speaking of the behaviour of the British
delegation led by Sir David King at an international conference on global warming
in Moscow in 2004
History can provide few more remarkable examples of the power of groupthink than
the scale on which, by the early years of the 21st century, the supporters of the ‘con-
sensus’ had now taken over every major scientific institution in the Western world. 37
Every prestigious scientific body, led by the Royal Society in Britain and the National
Academy of Sciences in America, every reputable scientific journal such as Nature and
Science, every university (and pretty well the entire education system) was by now not
just committed to the official orthodoxy but evangelising for the cause.
Scientists from almost any discipline were vying to produce ever more scary sce-
narios of how polar ice would melt, sea levels rise, and droughts, floods, hurricanes
and killer heatwaves become more frequent, not least because this was now the eas-
iest way to get access to public funding for any research which could be related, how-
ever tangentially, to ‘climate change’.
But these scientists and academics were all operating from within the ‘consen-
sus’ bubble. This meant that they only talked to each other, confident that they all
shared the same a-priori assumptions. In their exchanges with their colleagues and
at their endless publicly-funded conferences, they never met anyone who might dis-
agree with them or ask awkward questions.
But we now recall two examples of what happened on the very rare occasions
when those inside the bubble inadvertently came up against genuine experts from
outside it. The first was the experience of Sir David King who, since 2000, had been
the chief scientific adviser to the British government under Tony Blair. In 2004, with
the US still failing to ratify Kyoto, Blair was bidding to take the international lead in
getting enough countries to ratify the treaty for it to come into force. And he now
sent King into battle to support him.
As a specialist in surface chemistry, King had no qualifications in climate science
whatever. But in January 2004 this did not stop him writing in Science that global
warming was now the ‘most severe’ problem facing mankind, ‘a far greater threat to
the world than terrorism’. King attacked President George W. Bush for failing to bring
26the US, as the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitter, into line (overlooking the fact
that it was the US Senate that had unanimously vetoed even signing the treaty, let
alone ratifying it).
In March, King went much further, warning a committee of MPs that the South
Pole had already lost 40 percent of its ice and that the melting of the polar ice caps
could cause a shift in the Gulf Stream, which would lower temperatures in Britain and
Europe by as much as 10 ◦ C. This ‘could happen quite suddenly’, said King, as could the
‘switching off’ of the Indian monsoon. ‘There could be a point, and it is quite likely’, he
went on, where temperatures rose too high for tropical forests to survive, ‘so that they
would switch from being net absorbers of carbon dioxide to net emitters’. This could
trigger a repeat of what had happened 55 million years ago, when carbon dioxide
rose to 1000 parts per million of the atmosphere. Most of the Earth was so hot that
this made ‘Antarctica virtually the only place on the planet which was habitable’. 38
The British politicians might have been ready to believe all this, but four months
later King found a very different audience when, at Blair’s request, he led a team of
British scientists to Moscow, to take part in an international seminar organised for the
Russian Academy of Sciences by President Putin’s chief economic adviser, Alexander
Ilarionov. King’s mission was to persuade the Russians to ratify Kyoto, which would
at last bring the treaty into force. But Russia’s leading scientists could not have been
more opposed to the Western ‘consensus’ that carbon dioxide was the chief driver of
global warming. And when King saw that the list of speakers invited to address the
conference included some of the world’s leading scientists who were most sceptical
of the IPCC ‘consensus’, he furiously described them as ‘undesirables’, saying that they
should not be allowed to speak. 39
When it was insisted that the seminar would continue as planned, the gathering
was astonished by the behaviour of King and his colleagues. They ran on for much
longer than their allotted time, frequently interrupted other speakers, and on four
occasions caused the proceedings to break up in such disorder that they had to be
suspended. The climax came when King himself was at the podium, putting forward
the ‘consensus’ view on one of its favourite memes: that global warming was respon-
sible for the melting of the ice cap on Kilimanjaro. One of those in the audience who
could see that King had no idea what he was talking about was Professor Paul Reiter,
the world’s leading authority on insect-borne diseases, such as malaria. As an adviser
to the World Health Organization, he had contributed to the IPCC’s 1996 report, but
had been strongly critical of its claim that global warming would cause a spread of
diseases. And he had already aroused King’s ire at the conference, by detailing where
the IPCC had got the science on his own subject so badly wrong.
Reiter now stood up to explain politely that King seemed unaware of the several
expert studies which had shown that the shrinking of the Kilimanjaro ice cap had
nothing to do with global warming. The ice had been melting since the 1880s. Most
27of its retreat had been in the years before 1950. Its cause had been local deforestation,
which had led to a severe drop in precipitation. Unable to answer Reiter’s points, King
broke off mid-sentence of a halting reply and led his t
|
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https://www.transadelaide.com.au/about/
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About – Interstate Transport
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About us
Our Story
We Focus on building Strong Relationships
At Concept Logistics Interstate Transport Pty Ltd, we stand at the forefront of the logistics and transportation industry, embodying innovation, efficiency, and unparalleled customer service. Our journey began with a clear vision: to revolutionize the way businesses handle their interstate transport needs, transforming challenges into seamless solutions. Today, we are proud to be a pivotal player in the logistics sector, known for our reliability, flexibility, and forward-thinking approach.
Our Approach
We know that the client is in the center of every business.
Our foundation is built upon a deep understanding of the intricacies of the supply chain and the critical role transportation plays in its success. With over 100 years of combined experience, our senior management team brings a wealth of knowledge from both Australian and international markets, ensuring we stay ahead of industry trends and innovations. This expertise is not just our backbone; it’s the guiding force behind our tailored strategies, designed to meet the unique demands of each client we serve.
Innovation.
Innovation is at the heart of everything we do. From adopting the latest in GPS tracking technology to employing state-of-the-art logistics software, we are committed to providing our clients with solutions that are not just effective but revolutionary. Our services, including interstate road and rail freight, distribution center management, and local distribution and warehousing, are all designed with one goal in mind: to optimise your supply chain, making it more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective.
Growth and adaptability are key principles for us.
As our clients’ businesses evolve, so do our services. Our national presence across major capital cities enables us to offer scalable solutions that grow with your business. Whether you’re expanding your product range, entering new markets, or scaling operations, we’re equipped to support your journey every step of the way.
Why us?
Pioneers in innovative, flexible, and cost-effective interstate transport solutions.
Utilises state-of-the-art GPS tracking for linehaul units and item-level consignment tracking.
Specialises in both interstate road and rail freight, catering to palletised, full loads, and bulk units.
Offers extensive knowledge in distribution center management and timeslot scheduling.
Provides comprehensive local palletised distribution across all states.
Boasts a senior management team with over 60 years of combined experience in transport and logistics.
Adheres to a customer-first philosophy and a can-do business approach.
Develops tailored, end-to-end logistics strategies to meet specific customer demands.
Ready to get a quote?
Located at 89-103 Dohertys Road, Laverton North, Victoria, Concept Logistics Interstate Transport invites you to explore a world where logistics and innovation meet.
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2008-01-16T00:00:00
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Further talks between the rail union and TransAdelaide have failed to resolve a pay dispute.
|
en
|
/news-assets/favicon-32x32.png
|
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-01-16/further-rail-talks-off-track/1014064
|
Further talks between the rail union and TransAdelaide have failed to resolve a pay dispute.
The two sides met today but the union is still concerned about the possible relocation of staff from the Adelaide rail yards to other suburbs.
The union is proposing a clause in a new enterprise agreement that would give rail workers bargaining power over any changes.
Ray Hancox from the Rail Tram and Bus Union is confident the dispute can be resolved soon.
"I don't believe we're that far at all. As I said it's just a matter of checking the words with our members to make sure that they do indeed address their concerns and if they don't they'll let us know and we'll go back and come up with a form of words that hopefully will address those concerns," he said.
Yesterday rail union members voted against TransAdelaide's latest pay offer during a four hour stop-work meeting.
Workers were offered a three year deal but it was rejected after the issue of a possible relocation emerged.
The rail union has ruled out further industrial action as talks continue.
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2007-11-14T00:00:00
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View the Official House of Assembly Hansard Transcript for Wednesday, November 14 2007.
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SANTOS LIMITED (DEED OF UNDERTAKING) BILL
Second Reading
Adjourned debate on second reading.
(Continued from 24 October 2007. Page 1340.)
Mr HAMILTON-SMITH (Waite—Leader of the Opposition) (16:34): I indicate that, although I am speaking first on this matter, I am not the lead speaker, and I will make a brief contribution. The lead speaker will be the member for Morphett.
This is a very important bill, and I urge all members of the house to give it their most careful attention. It is a bill to give parliamentary sanction to a deed of undertaking made by Santos Limited in favour of the Premier for and on behalf of the Crown in the right of South Australia; to repeal the Santos Limited (Regulation of Shareholdings) Act 1989; and for other purposes. The bill will overturn a 1979 action of the Corcoran Labor government, which introduced an act to place a 15 per cent shareholding restriction on Santos to prevent a hostile takeover.
At that time, the threat was from Mr Allan Bond. The concern was that he would strip the asset and cash out, leaving a reduced investment here in this state, which might then flounder to our disadvantage. The act protected South Australians from such a hostile takeover, and the effect has been a positive one. Since that time (1979), Santos has spent billions of dollars on further investment in the Cooper Basin and has substantially improved the infrastructure bases for mining, energy, transport and in a range of other ways, particularly in the Mid North and the Far North, but also right down through the state to Adelaide and beyond.
At the time, the Tonkin Liberal opposition did not support the bill. I am not going to go over the full history of the bill—I will leave that to the member for Morphett, who will be our lead speaker on this bill—but I want to make some remarks to the bill as Leader of the Opposition because I think it is such an important bill that it warrants my contribution from the outset. This bill will essentially mean that Santos as we have known it for all of its life will be at risk, and it will be at risk once the cap is lifted from a potential hostile takeover.
Of course, there is an alternative future for Santos, and that is the one which I know the company prefers and which I understand, from the second reading explanation—and I will listen to the government's contributions—that the government also prefers. That is, that Santos, once the cap is lifted, will be free to grow, possibly to acquire, certainly to revalue itself in the share market and it will be, as an entity, more flexible, more mobile and more able to grow as a publicly listed company based here in Adelaide. There are those two alternative futures for Santos, as we know it, once this bill becomes an act. The bill will become an act because, as an opposition, I am indicating to the house today that we intend to support it.
For those reasons I think it is very important that members give this their careful attention, because if Santos grows and prospers here we will all be better off for it, and if the lifting of this cap enables the company to be even more prosperous and creates more jobs and opportunities for South Australians and for South Australia than we have seen already, then good. But if this bill sets the foundation for a savaging of Santos that would ultimately see a predator strip the company, perhaps leaving only the Cooper Basin asset here and those people linked to the Cooper Basin asset investment only here, then Santos, as we know it, would no longer be the headquarters of a large publicly listed company with investments all around Australia and all around the world.
In fact, what would quite likely be the case is that all those functions not linked to the Cooper Basin might be taken away to another corporate headquarters by an acquiring party to become part of its entity in Melbourne, Sydney or overseas. There could be, down the track, significant losses to South Australia in terms of job numbers, future investment and head office status for what is probably our principal publicly listed entity here in this state. So, the risks linked to this bill are quite prominent and profound.
As a Liberal, let me say that I am not encouraged towards the sort of interventions that occurred in 1979 where a cap was imposed. I think at that time, and in that context, it was the right thing to do, but at heart, as a Liberal, my view is that Santos should be free of this constraint. It should not be subject to an imposition to which no other public company here in this state or, to my knowledge, anywhere else in the country is subject. At heart, I think the spirit of the bill to lift the cap should be embraced and supported.
Having said that, I am very aware that in this house, as members of parliament, our stakeholders, our shareholders, the people we represent, are not as one with Santos. Santos must, and is bound to, represent the interests of its shareholders. We are bound to represent the interests of ours, and ours are the people of South Australia. If one were to take a completely self-interested view of this one might argue that this cap is here and it keeps Santos as a publicly listed company here in Adelaide. We might argue, as our predecessors in this place have argued, that the cap should remain in place and that Santos should be kept here, against its will.
I am hoping, therefore, that the debate will convince not only the house but the people of South Australia that the benefits for them are there in the bill. That is to say, that the government ought to be able to convince us during this debate that Santos will grow and prosper here, that at least it is convinced that the company is right to adopt the view that it will grow and prosper here, that the lifting of this cap will free it up, that the benefits will flow to South Australians, and that it will not be savaged and taken over.
I note that Santos today is a very different company than it was in 1979. Back then, sales revenue was around $25 million: it is now $2.769 billion. The net profit after tax back in 1979 was about $6.2 million: it is now $643 million. Total assets back in 1979 were $109 million; it is now $6.9 billion. The number of shareholders back then was just short of 8,000: it is now 80,000. The enterprise value back then was $391 million: it is now $10.3 billion. Interestingly though, back in 1989 it was a top 10 company on the ASX and now it is a top 50 company, which gives you an indication that, although Santos has grown, so too has Australia and the marketplace. I acknowledge and accept that Santos is a different animal today than it was back in 1979 and that, therefore, we must review this cap.
Santos argues that the cap is a brake on the company's full growth potential, and it argues that it is an impediment to Santos's objective of becoming a leading international oil and gas company based in Adelaide. Santos argues that removal will enable the company to use its shares to fund acquisitions and to raise capital for major development projects in a manner that is currently not possible and that use of shares in this way is an essential growth tool available to our competitors but not to Santos. In a fiercely competitive and costly international industry, the company argues that removal of the cap puts Santos on a level playing field with its peers.
I seek an assurance from the government that it concurs with those arguments from the company. I agree with them, but I am not the proponent of the bill. The proponent of the bill is the Premier and he must take responsibility for any outcomes that flow from it. It is Mike Rann's bill to lift the cap on Santos and, if it proves to be a benefit to the people of South Australia, I am sure he will seek the credit. The point I am making is that if the company is savaged he should and will receive the odium for having brought this matter to the house, having opened the door for the demise of Santos as we know it as a publicly listed South Australian-based company with multinational operations.
I move to the question of the deed. Of course, it is the deed that this bill seeks to enforce and uphold. I am intrigued that it is a deed between Santos and the Premier, not a deed between Santos and the government. In fact, clause 4.1(a) of the deed provides:
The company undertakes that, unless otherwise approved by the Premier, the company's South Australian Cooper Basin assets head office and operational headquarters will remain in South Australia for the term, including without limitation, direct management and key supporting functions for the SABC assets identified in clause 4.1(b) for as long as those functions are carried out.
The key words are 'unless otherwise approved by the Premier'. In effect, this deed is meaningless should the Premier decide for whatever reason to otherwise approve a change. The Premier, with the stroke of a pen, without reference to the cabinet, the parliament or anyone—it could be done over a cappuccino or a five-star dinner and a glass of Grange—could simply walk away from the deed, or most of it. I find that a curious situation and I think it is unacceptable.
I think it would be better if at least the cabinet on behalf of the people of South Australia and its government was required by the deed to approve any change to the deed. Essentially, it is a request by the Premier individually on behalf of the Premier of the day—it may not be this particular premier. He is asking the parliament to give him carte blanche to decide without reference to anyone else whatever he feels appropriate in respect of this deed in the future. I find that of concern.
For example, if one looks at the details of clauses 4.3(3) and 4.4 of the deed, one finds that the provisions that the Premier describes as 'compensation requirements' should Santos wind back its assets here drop away in the 10 years that follow the passage of this bill. Santos is supposedly required to pay a certain amount one year out, should it leave and take with it all its assets, but as each year unfolds the amount it has to pay in what the Premier describes as compensation reduces. It is curious. It seems to suggest that the government at its heart feels that Santos, including a lot of the Cooper Basin jobs linked to it, will go; it is just a matter of time. So we will have these provisions up front, and in a few years they all can go because the compensation provisions are wound away.
Of course, the carte blanche approval being sought by the Premier through the government by the device of this act gives the Premier the right to waive those compensation provisions should he see fit. It is a considerable power that the Premier is seeking by virtue of this bill and one that, in effect, renders the deed meaningless. It is a public relations exercise. The Premier does not want to wear responsibility if Santos is savaged almost immediately upon passage of this bill, notwithstanding the 12 months provision which the bill provides in the way of protection for an immediate acquisition. He does not want to wear the responsibility should it all go pear-shaped, should it all go wrong. I assure the Premier that he will wear the responsibility if it all goes wrong. This is Mike Rann's bill to lift the shareholding cap. If, shortly after its passage, certainly at the end of 12 months, there is a feeding frenzy as sharks pull Santos apart limb by limb and deconstruct it, then it will have been at the behest of the Premier himself.
Having said all that, I draw to the attention of the house that the former Liberal government did raise this proposition in 2000. The reason that it was not proceeded with was that the then government—we Liberals—was convinced that the Premier (the member for Ramsey), the Treasurer (the member for Port Adelaide) and the member for Elder would run a scare campaign. They would go out there, beat the drums, fly the flags and flash the lights; 'This is outrageous. You are selling off the farm. Santos will be taken over.' They would run a huge scare campaign as they have on so many occasions to whip up public hysteria—the word the Minister for Transport likes to use—and I hope he has checked the Hansard after his threat yesterday to introduce privileges matters; he might find frequent reference to the word 'hysteria'.
The Hon. P.F. Conlon: You told a lie.
Mr HAMILTON-SMITH: I have a point of order, Mr Speaker. I ask that that be withdrawn.
The SPEAKER: The Minister for Transport must withdraw.
The Hon. P.F. CONLON: I will withdraw for being told a lie.
Mr HAMILTON-SMITH: I have a point of order, Mr Speaker—without qualification. There is no need for debate.
The SPEAKER: Order! Both members will take their seat and be quiet. The Minister for Transport has withdrawn.
Mr HAMILTON-SMITH: We will not do as an opposition what the Labor Party did when they were in opposition, which was be irresponsible.
The Hon. P.F. Conlon interjecting:
The SPEAKER: Order!
Mr HAMILTON-SMITH: They were regularly and frequently irresponsible, and they would have been irresponsible with this matter had we proposed it. Now they are in government they see things differently. Well, that's fine, but I just want to expose the ruse. We will do the right thing. I actually believe this cap should be lifted, and we on this side of the house are of the view that it should be lifted. We think it is the right thing for the company. We recognise the risks. However, on balance, we are of the view that the bill should pass. We could have taken the view that we would run a scare campaign. We could have got together with Independents in the upper house and we could have blocked this measure.
We could have stopped the matter from proceeding, and that would have been the end of it, and Santos would labour under the cap for some years to come. But we have decided not to do that. We are going to support it because it is the right thing to do. I accept the company's argument in good faith that they are focussed on growing and prospering here and doing what they can to resist breakup and takeover, but, rather, that they will go on and acquire, go on and grow, and go on and build their investments here.
A careful reading of the deed shows that the provisions of it only apply to the Cooper Basin assets, in any event, and that a good part of it could go, but that notwithstanding it is a bill that we think is worth supporting. But I just say to the Premier, it is his bill, it is his initiative, it is his measure—accept the credit, but also be prepared to accept the responsibility if it goes pear shaped and does not unfold as we all might hope. With those remarks, I commend the bill to the house.
Members interjecting:
The SPEAKER: Order! I call the member for Morphett.
Members interjecting:
The SPEAKER: Order! If members want to bicker, take it out of the chamber. I will not have it happening across the chamber while another member is trying to address the house. The member for Morphett has the call.
Dr McFETRIDGE (Morphett) (16:57): Thank you, Mr Speaker. I indicate that I am the lead speaker on this bill and the Liberal opposition will be supporting the bill, as we did in 1979. We would love Santos to be unfettered. However, I understand that the circumstances have changed considerably since 1979 when the Corcoran Labor government introduced the legislation to place the 15 per cent shareholding restriction on Santos. It makes very interesting reading to read the address by Hugh Hudson back in May 1979, and also to read the reply by the then leader of the opposition, the late Hon. David Tonkin. His comments are still quite relevant today.
The opposition is supporting this. I have had a look at the presentations that have been put to the government by various groups, including the South Australian Chamber of Mines and Energy, Business SA, and the Australian Shareholders Association, who are all supporting the lifting of the cap. I did note that there is one particular shareholder who expressed strong concern. He was concerned about the loss of another head office. I do not believe that is going to happen. I sincerely hope not. He believes the reasons for stopping bonds are still valid for other predators. There certainly is that risk, but with a 12-month transition period that should bring some order to the market, and Santos, from our discussions with them, certainly are looking to expand, and for them to be the ones that are taking over other companies, not becoming a takeover target.
This chap also says he cannot see any benefits to the shareholders of the state from the removal of the cap. Well, I think the shareholders will be more than happy to see their share prices go up. I think that is what will happen, because this company will be able to expand and fulfil its full potential. The state certainly will benefit from an expanded company.
The thing that I tried to do today was to phone the Hon. Don Laidlaw, but I was unable to contact him. Back in 1979 it was a fairly traumatic time for Don Laidlaw. He actually supported the then government in getting this bill through the upper house, and it was with the Hon. Don Laidlaw MLC, the Hon. Jessie Cooper MLC and the Hon. Dick Geddes MLC. They crossed the floor, they voted with Labor and they enabled the passage of the bill. Jessie Cooper and Dick Geddes are deceased, unfortunately. Don is still alive. I do know that he wrote to the then minister for minerals and energy, the Hon. Wayne Matthew, and expressed some concerns about the lifting of the cap. This was in the year 2000, but my reading of a copy of the letter is that Don was mainly concerned about the loss to the state of the philanthropy that was clearly being shown by Santos, and is still going to be shown by Santos.
In fact, under the deed of undertaking Santos's willingness to increase its assistance to South Australia is going to increase quite significantly. But Don did give credit, even in 2000, to the fact that $25 million was given by Santos to create a chair in petroleum engineering at Adelaide University, and certainly in the deed of undertaking there are a number of other areas that will benefit from the social bottom line that Santos has availed itself to.
In 1989 the original act was repealed and replaced by a new act, as the early act was considered potentially ineffective. The new act sought to make effective the objects of the old act. It was more a technical change, as I understand. At the time, the state government assumed responsibility for negotiating major gas sales contracts, and owned significant gas industry assets itself. South Australia was the only jurisdiction exporting gas interstate.
In 2000, the gas market in south-east Australia was undergoing a period of rapid change, and the new competition policy induced changes in the structure of the electricity and gas markets, which resulted in a far more competitive, expanding and more volatile energy market. Major gas contracts with the Cooper Basin joint venture were approaching completion, and the Cooper Basin gas fields were declining and increasing in maturity, leading to increasing costs to achieve future gas deliverability.
New sources of gas supply were required within a five-year time frame, and South Australia was looking forward to the provision of a supply from south-east Australia as well as the north-west shelf, the Timor Sea and Papua New Guinea. The 15 per cent shareholding cap was reviewed by the Liberal government and the then energy minister, Wayne Matthew, in 2007, as I have said, and the November 2000 review was undertaken by Mr Ian Kowalick. The Kowalick report made a number of important recommendations to cabinet, if cabinet were to consider removing the cap.
Mr Kowalick recommended to cabinet that an orderly market entry of Santos should be ensured, and that will be achieved through the transition period that is contained in this bill. There should also be an act of parliament to ensure that the wants and desires of the people of South Australia are achieved. The need to not restrain Santos was at all times paramount because, as Liberals, we do not want to see companies restrained by regulation, particularly if it is an individual company.
At the time, the Liberal cabinet decided not to adopt the recommendations and maintain the cap, as the public benefits of the 15 per cent restriction on shareholdings were believed to outweigh the costs of the restriction. At the same time, the SEA Gas pipeline was in operation. So, we were not purely reliant on the supplies from the Cooper Basin.
On 1 May, Premier Mike Rann announced that the state government would be reviewing the 15 per cent shareholder cap and that that review was to be undertaken by the Economic Development Board, and the Minister for Energy introduced a bill into this place on 24 October. I have had discussions with Santos about the deed of undertaking. It is more than comfortable with that deed of undertaking, and I will not repeat the comments that have been made by the leader. He made some salient points and, certainly, there is no way that this Liberal opposition will get in the way of Santos being able to achieve what it may have been able to do in the past had we looked at this under different circumstances years ago.
The thing that we need to do today is to make sure that we get this bill through the house in a timely fashion. The opposition supports the initiatives in the deed of undertaking, and I will quickly read the nine categories. There will be $60 million over a 10-year period (it is interesting that they are already putting in about $30 million during that time). The following are the areas of particular endeavour: scientific endeavour and research; indigenous employment and training; vocational and industry development; environment, sustainability and climate change; health and safety; education and training; youth affairs; arts and culture; and other community benefits.
There will also be $10 million to support indigenous employment, training and education initiatives; $10 million towards education initiatives, which support Adelaide as a university city; and $35 million for organisations or projects that have mutual benefits for both Santos and the state. That is obviously not in addition to the $60 million; it is part of that.
The deed has some reporting requirements. At the moment, there is absolutely nothing that would restrain a company from coming in, if it was to take over Santos (or just Santos in its own regard), and moving the head office interstate. At least we will have a head office here in South Australia with Santos. It has just put $100 million into a new office, so I would be surprised if it moved, However, that could happen if it was taken over, and that is a possibility; that is business today.
I know the Deputy Premier has said that it is not about who owns it: it is about the merit and the equity and the return to the state. I think Santos will be here for a long time and, from what I have been told at various briefings from Santos executives and their staff, it will be aiming to expand and improve and return not only a financial dividend to its shareholders but also, certainly, a financial dividend to the people of South Australia—and, more importantly, that social dividend that we see in the deed of undertaking.
I do not know whether you can drive a truck through that deed, as some people have said. I am not a lawyer: I am open to opinion on that. However, certainly, I am convinced by the goodwill of Santos and the fact that it has been here for a long time and that it expects to be here for a long time. Also, like most businesses in South Australia now, it has arms overseas and international investments. Santos has some very exciting international investments, which will make it an even more powerful company that will, hopefully, become a takeover opportunist, not a takeover victim. I wish the bill a fast passage through both houses.
Mr PEDERICK (Hammond) (17:05): I rise today to speak briefly about the bill. In 1979, legislation was passed in this house capping the number of voting shares that a person could own in Santos. This helped to ensure the security and development of the Cooper Basin and Santos' obvious interests in South Australia, Queensland and around the world. With this bill, we are assured that the South Australian head office will stay in Adelaide. Key functions will include: executive general management, geosciences expertise and development, engineering, oil and gas exploration, maintenance, operations planning and Moomba carbon storage, which will be interesting as it develops in the future and as we all work on minimising the effects of climate change.
There will also be other functions, including finance, accounting, legal procurement, IT, human resources and, of course, gas marketing. I congratulate Santos on the main commitments offered by the company as part of this deed of undertaking. The benefits of the deed—
The Hon. P.F. Conlon interjecting:
Mr PEDERICK: I am sure you will speak for yourself, minister. South Australia stands to benefit from the guarantee that 90 per cent of the roles currently based in this state will stay here. That involves approximately 1,700 people in this state and includes all roles at its major sites. Santos's provision of a legally enforceable compensation structure amounting to $100 million is aimed at covering contingencies should there be a significant reduction in its corporate presence.
The company's sense of social responsibility is clearly demonstrated by its establishing a Community Benefits Fund of about $60 million over 10 years, providing a number of sponsorships and including support for various indigenous programs and educational scholarships. Nine categories are covered in this plan. They include scientific endeavour and research, indigenous employment and training, vocational and industry development, environment sustainability and climate change, health and safety, education and training, youth affairs, arts and culture, and other community benefits.
These funds will directly benefit the Australian School of Petroleum at the University of Adelaide, the Royal Institution of Australia and the Santos Stadium at Thebarton, as well as assisting education initiatives in the state's energy sector and the development of Adelaide as a university city. My experiences in the Cooper Basin commenced in March 1982. I secured a job up there working with Peter and Yvonne Bennett Earth Moving. I worked on this job for 12 months, and it was very interesting. I will never forget as a 19 year old flying over the Cooper Basin and into Moomba for the first time. I looked out the window and wondered what the hell I had landed myself into.
Looking out the window it looked like a scene from Mad Max, just to see the gas plant working away and nothing much between that and Adelaide—about 1,000 kilometres with only the stations, Lyndhurst, etc. There is not a lot between there and Port Augusta, let me put it that way. It was a bit of a culture shock. Back then I was working for a contractor, and dozens of contractor companies work under Santos. A lot of the operation work in the field is done by Santos itself, but a lot of the other work done directly on the drilling rigs and service companies is done by contractors.
Companies were very well looked after, even when we had to go out to far-flung fields and swag it on occasion because we were the first ones there after the guys had been through checking out where the oil and gas reserves were. It was quite an interesting time. I can remember a problem in the plant. We were in the old contractors' camp right next to the plant at Moomba. A lot of gas had to be flared off, and the whole place was vibrating.
I met a lot of good people up there. One person I can remember on the earth-moving job was Bob Bain. He was one of the bird dogs (we called them) who made sure we were doing our job building sites for the oil rigs, roads and airstrips. I remember Peter Bennett. You would be sitting on a D6 bulldozer and he would fly over in his light plane, drop your mail to you and he would just about land it on you in the cab. Following that 12 months using the dozers and scrapers, I worked for a company called Gearhart Australia doing wire-line work, testing flow production of wells and shooting wells through the casing once they had been run with what were called armour-piercing guns.
I was very fortunate. They said that it was pretty distressing if one went off on the surface but, thankfully, they all worked underground. It was very interesting work. You cannot see too much going on because it is all happening 10,000 feet down. Another experience in that job (and I am not sure, I am guessing a bit from memory) involved Big Lake 27, I think it was. It was a wild well. Various companies could not contain it. In the end, after all the work had been done on opening up this well (perforation and that sort of thing), we got sent in to fill it up with cement and block it up. We did that successfully, but I was up in the basket on the end of a crane with an engineer. We were on the way down. We were still about 20 feet above the well head and the crane operator let the clutch out, or something, and dropped us. You can imagine what we thought as we bounced off a well head in the Cooper Basin. Thankfully, we both survived.
The Hon. R.B. Such interjecting:
Mr PEDERICK: Yes, exactly. We bounced a bit. I can remember the engineer. His name was Louis Buffone. He was a Canadian/Italian who was in a rigid position at the back of the cage instead of bending his knees. I think he felt it for a while. There have been lots of experiences up there. Santos has had a pretty good safety record. Obviously there has been work right throughout the basin, not just on the South Australian side but through to the Queensland side. Delhi Petroleum was one of the main operators on the Jackson field when that opened up and crude oil was being trucked through to Brisbane.
I had not been back to the basin until a couple of years ago. I took my family through to Birdsville and came back that way. It was interesting to see the facilities Santos has put in for the staff at Tirrawarra field. I certainly could not have played tennis in the days I was up there like they do now. It is a place where you need to look after your workers to keep them interested in the game, and it is good to see that Santos is doing that. With those few words, I wish Santos every success in the future. I support the bill.
Ms CHAPMAN (Bragg—Deputy Leader of the Opposition) (17:14): I indicate that I will be supporting the passage of the bill. As previous speakers have traversed a number of the important historical reasons as to why this previous limitation of 15 per cent shareholding was imposed and the change of circumstances, I will not go through the principal reasons for support. I wish to place on the record my appreciation as a South Australian of Santos's valuable work both in industry and as a benevolent contributor to South Australia during its history. I consider that to have been significant and look forward to our state having a continued association with the company and its employees. However, the two matters I wish to traverse relate to the two initiatives announced by the both the Premier and the Minister for Transport in his second reading contribution on 24 October.
I remind the house of the two features to be imposed pursuant to a deed of undertaking enforced by this legislation (which have a $1 million legally enforceable compensatable mechanism): firstly, there will be 'guarantees that effectively 90 per cent of the current South Australian-based roles'—that is in respect of employment—'stay here'—referring to South Australia—which includes all the roles at our major South Australian operational sites; and, secondly, a social responsibility and community benefit fund of some $60 million over the next 10 years. This addresses the concerns of the Hon. Don Laidlaw as expressed in his commentary over time on occasions when there has been an attempt to remove the cap and as one of the original surviving parties who voted to support the act (as it currently stands) and when the bill was canvassed in the 1970s.
Having viewed the deed of undertaking, I wish to place on the record that I do not see that there is any guarantee that the current workforce will be in South Australia. What is clear in the deed of undertaking is that the company is giving guarantees that the current position of the company in respect of its employees is: firstly, 90 per cent of its workforce is currently South Australian based; and, secondly, effectively 100 per cent of its role is directly associated with the South Australian activities.
When you combine those two features there are some 1,700 jobs in South Australia. That does not guarantee that 90 per cent of those roles will stay here. What it says, though, is that, if there is a breach of 4.1 or 4.2 of the deed, which is that it will keep its headquarters, its direct management and its key supporting functions (which are subsequently defined in 4.2 and which are bound under this undertaking) in South Australia, this situation will continue. It does not guarantee 90 per cent of its workforce staying in South Australia. I make that point.
If the company continues to operate the sanctioned areas of enterprise under this undertaking and does not reduce its workforce to carry that out, then the effect is that it will maintain a workforce of some 1,700. However, members should not be under any illusion that this is a guarantee that 90 per cent of the workforce that it currently has here will stay here and that it will have a corresponding penalty as a result. It is clear that the enterprises which it carries out as defined are extensive and that they are valuable contributors to the Santos enterprise and profit line, and therefore one could only hope that that will continue.
The second aspect relates to the donations. I am a little concerned that we have some trade-off really to the purchasing of legislation. I think that is a poor precedent. I think that the company has demonstrated its willingness to make magnificent contributions to charities and organisations which have benefited from its donation. Its history speaks for itself and is to be commended.
It may be that, in the scheme of things, a $60 million commitment over 10 years is a drop in the ocean when it comes to the anticipated contribution that it would have made, anyway, but I do not like to see this type of impost being employed as part of a mechanism to ensure the passage of legislation as a sort of term and condition. I point out that, pursuant to the deed of agreement, the $35 million contribution has to be 'organisations or projects in South Australia which the company can reasonably demonstrate have mutual benefits for both Santos and the state'.
Quite frankly, that could be any organisation. As long as Santos can say that this benefits us and the state, then there is no limitation on to whom or what it can contribute. That may be intended. Again I point out that, although there is a qualification by the definition of 'social responsibility' and 'community benefit'—and it lists a whole lot of very important categories of organisations that it can sponsor or donate to and they are all very admirable—the last one under 4.3(b)(9) is for 'other community benefits'.
Again that is a very broad definition and I do not think that will add much constraint to Santos signing up to this deed of undertaking, nor frankly is the amount of money relative to the turnover of this enterprise. It is hardly surprising to me that Santos has agreed to the terms which have been imposed by the government and about which the Premier has been so grandiose in his description to South Australia. It is not those reasons—that is, the compensatable clause or the obligation to contribute to funds for charity or community benefit—that persuade me to support this bill. I highlight that the Premier's description of this is far from what the reality will be.
I also indicate that I had the opportunity to be thoroughly briefed by Santos representatives, as I am sure did other members of the house. In recent times, I took the opportunity to travel to Moomba to look at its current operations. I viewed the determination of some weeks work on Well 179 at the time, which I am subsequently informed has been a successful drill and is an important aspect of the work that continues to be undertaken in relation to gas production, which is a major part of its South Australian operation in the Cooper Basin. So, I think there are important reasons and that the circumstances have changed sufficiently to change the law, but I have not been persuaded by virtue of the rather grandiose description of the Premier as to what safeguards he claims he is providing for South Australia.
The Hon. P.F. CONLON (Elder—Minister for Transport, Minister for Infrastructure, Minister for Energy) (17:23): I thank the opposition for supporting the bill, but I cannot help but observe two startling things: one, how the opposition has cast about anywhere to find something wrong or some criticism, particularly of the Premier; and, two, the division that it has in its approach. The Leader of the Opposition says that he is concerned that the Premier, on a nod and a wink, is just going to let the obligations slide; I think that is a fair paraphrasing of his complaint.
The Deputy Leader of the Opposition says that we should not be asking them for these gifts at all. When we, the government, present to the opposition something that is a win for both Santos and the people of South Australia, they just have to cast around for something. They can never accept that their biases run so deep. They never accept that we have just done something good; they just cannot bring themselves to say that.
The criticism of the Leader of the Opposition that there is a clause that will allow the Premier to absolve the company from the obligations of the deed is there for a very simple reason and that is: should the company come to the Premier with an offer superior to that contained in the obligations—and do not forget the obligations in the deed are imported into the act and they have the force of law by virtue of a provision of the act—it is open to the premier of the day to accept that. The comments of the Leader of the Opposition indicate that the opposition has real doubts about there ever being a Liberal premier at any time in the next 10 years, because obviously he has been talking about what Mike Rann will do.
I say to the Leader of the Opposition in his desperate attempt to find something wrong: why would a Premier go out and negotiate such a good outcome for South Australia only to let it slide? Santos was not of the view that it had a nod and a wink agreement. These were quite robust discussions and, as I understand it, the Premier does not apologise for that. The Premier has done a good thing for Santos, and it is quite appropriate that he should also get a good deal for South Australia as well.
The other thing that I could not help noticing was that the Leader of the Opposition said that they would have done this when they were in government but they were frightened of a scare campaign by me and the members for Port Adelaide and Ramsay. Wasn’t that a good government! They would not do the right thing because they were scared of us. That says a lot about why they were not much of a government at all. They had a heart like a split pea, obviously.
Mr Koutsantonis: Unfair on split peas.
The Hon. P.F. CONLON: A bit unfair on split peas, as my colleague says. The bill is a good outcome for Santos. It is a company that, as everyone recognises, is not in the position that it was in when we protected it from corporate bandits like Alan Bond. There is a very significant redundancy, mostly created during the lifetime of this government, in our gas supplies into South Australia now, and this bill constitutes a good way forward for Santos. It has been supported with far less qualification by Senator Nick Minchin and, from memory, the Hon. Alexander Downer, so we appreciate the support of those individuals in what we seek to do. It is a good outcome for the company and it is a good outcome for South Australia.
Bill read a second time and taken through its remaining stages.
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https://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/about-us/contact
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Contact us
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2021-01-18T16:46:55+10:30
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You can report lost property, make a group booking, or leave feedback online. You can also call our InfoLine on 1300 311 108 or visit the InfoCentre.
|
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Adelaide Metro
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https://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/about-us/contact
|
Thanks for your feedback
We use what you tell us to help improve the website.
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https://www.railway-technology.com/contractors/data//pressreleases/press7-25/
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Contract Signature for TransAdelaide PIS, CCTV and Door Upgrade
|
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Faiveley Transport Australia today concluded a deal to deliver enhanced PIS, CCTV and door upgrade solutions to trains maintained by…
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Railway Technology
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https://www.railway-technology.com/contractors/data//pressreleases/press7-25/
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Faiveley Transport Australia today concluded a deal to deliver enhanced PIS, CCTV and door upgrade solutions to trains maintained by Bombardier Australia at their Adelaide maintenance facility.
The contract, which is worth more than A$7 million Australian dollars over the next three years, will see Faiveley Transport Australia design, develop and deliver cutting edge technical solutions for PIS and CCTV equipment for installation on to an existing fleet of trains. The project also brings together Faiveley Transport technology expertise from across several fields, combining know-how in electronics, passenger door systems and engineering services in upgrades to deliver a new control system for the train passenger doors.
The contract was ceremonially signed by Dan Osborne, managing director of Bombardier Australia and Pierre Sainfort, group chief operating officer of Faiveley Transport, at the opening of Faiveley Transport Australia’s new offices in Port Melbourne. The project will be managed by the team at the Port Melbourne site, which will also provide system design and integration expertise for the project.
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https://atn.com.au/sa/south/trans-g.htm
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Adelaide Buses Taxis & Trains Transport SA
|
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Adelaide is an easy city to get around in. Public transport provides access for visitors to most major areas in both the city square mile and the suburbs. Taxis are plentiful, too.
Within the city square mile, you have a variety ol alternatives. Hire a bicycle, or take it easy in a pedicab. Join a coach tour or do it in style in a chauffeur-driven limousine. Or step back in time with a horse-drawn hansom cab. And being relatively flat, Adelaide is ideal for walking.
A good range of guided half day and day coach tours are available - the staff at the South Australian Travel Centre will help you select one to suit.
Public Transport
South Australia's public transport system is operated by the State Transport Authority (STA). Timetables for buses, trains and the City-Glenelg tram can be obtained from:
Trans Adelaide
Customer Service Centre
Cnr King William and Currie streets Adelaide
Opening Hours
Weekdays 8am to 6pm, Sat 8am to 2pm.
Phone Information Centre:
(08) 8210 1000
Opening Hours: 7am to 8pm Daily
Timetable Information Office
Concourse Adelaide Railway Station
North Terrace Adelaide
Opening Hours 8am to 6pm 7 days.
Tickets
Tickets are available on boarding buses and the tram and also from selected outlets including newsagencies and delis (milk bars) in the city and suburban areas. All Australia Post offices sell Day Trip and Multi Trip tickets. Tickets can be obtained from the ticket office at the Adelaide Railway Station, from a vending machine at the station, or on board. There is also a vending machine located outside the STA office on the corner of King William and Currie streets, Adelaide.
Trans Adelaide Busway (O' Bahn)
Adelaide has the longest guided busway in the world. Experience a ride on the world's fastest suburban bus, travelling at speeds of up to 100 kilometres per hour on a unique guided busway track. View the beauty of the River Torrens Linear Park as you are whisked along the 12 kilometre track that takes you to Modbury Interchange adjacent to Tea Tree Plaza, one of Adelaide's largest undercover shopping malls.
Departures
Buses numbered 540 to 545 depart Currie and Grenfell streets in the city at 15 minute intervals during the week, and at regular intervals on weekends. Approximate bus travel time is 23 minutes.
Bee Line Free Bus Service
The Bee Line Bus Service is a free service that runs from Victoria Square via King William Street into North Terrace to George Street, returning via Hindley Street, West Terrace, North Terrace and King William Street.
Departures
Buses depart approximately every 10 minutes every Mon to Thu from 8am to 6pm, Fri 8am to 7pm, Sat 8am to 5pm from bus stops en route with a "bee" symbol.
Glenelg Tram
Take a trip on a 1929 vintage tram to historic Glenelg. The journey to Glenelg takes approximately 30 minutes.
Departures Trams depart from Victoria Square at regular intervals. See Trans Adelaide for departure times.
Taxis
Taxis can be hired from taxi stands, hailed by the roadside or booked by phoning the numbers listed below.
Access Cabs (for the disabled)
Adelaide Independent
Amalgamated Taxi Services
United Yellow Cabs
Suburban Taxi Service
Suburban Taxi Service - Elite Fleet
Diamond Taxis (Port Adelaide)
Des' Cabs
Phone: (08) 8234 6444
Phone: (08) 8234 6000
Phone: (08) 8223 3333
Phone: (08) 8223 3111
Phone: (08) 8211 8888
Phone: (08) 8211 8888
Phone: (08) 8473 222
Phone: 13 1323
Adelaide International Airport
The Adelaide International Airport is located 5 kilometres west of the city centre.
Airport Bus Service A transit bus services the international and domestic terminals and provides transport at a reasonable fare to many Adelaide city hotels and motels. The bus leaves at half hourly intervals. Timetables and fares are displayed at the bus stops at each terminal.
Arrivals Duty Free The arrivals duty free shop is conveniently located in the international terminal and may be used prior to making your declaration. Sales are limited to liquor, tobacco and perfume products and are only available to persons over 18 years of age.
Car Rentals All major car rental companies service the international and domestic terminals. Self drive and chauffeur driven car hire services are available by prior arrangement.
Public Car Parking
Conveniently located public car parks service both the international and domestic terminals. Access is by clearly marked roadways. A ticket is issued at the entrance boom gate; keep it for presentation when you leave the car park. Fees are calculated on an hourly basis up to a maximum daily rate.
Taxis Taxi bays are located just outside both the international and domestic terminals. Metered fares are charged, following an initial flag fall fee.
Transit Transfer If you are a transit or transfer passenger arriving at either the international or domestic terminal, enter the building through the respective arrivals facilities and proceed to the transit lounge where your carrier will provide you with the necessary information and assistance.
Valet Car Parking This service is available at the domestic terminal only. Simply leave your vehicle in the area reserved for valet parking and proceed to the valet parking desk in the departure lounge to check in your keys and make the necessary arrangements for the return of your vehicle.
Central Bus Station
Adelaide's country and interstate bus station is located in Franklin Street, a short walk from the General Post Office. All coaches other than V-Line coaches arrive and depart from this central location. Luggage lockers are available at a small cost and there are also shower facilities and a cafeteria.
111 Franklin Street, Adelaide
Phone: (08) 8233 2733
Coachlines that use Central Bus Station are:
South Australian Country Services
Premier Road Lines
Stateliner
ABM Coachlines
Bonds Mount Gambler Adelaide Service
Mount Barker-Passenger Service
Yorke Peninsula Passenger Service
Barossa Adelaide Passenger Service
Phone: (08) 8415 5544
Phone: (08) 8415 5555
Phone: (08) 8347 3336
Phone: (08) 8231 9090
Phone: (08) 8391 2977
Phone: (08) 8391 2977
Phone: (085) 865 6258
Interstate Services
Greyhound
Pioneer
Bus Australia
Phone (08) 8233 2777
Phone (08) 8233 2700
Phone (08) 8233 2787
Other Interstate Bus Services
Firefly Express, 185 Victoria Square, Adelaide.
McCafferty's Express, 101 Franklin St Adelaide
V-Line coach/rail services 296 Hindley Street, Adelaide.
Phone (08) 8231 1488
Phone (08) 8212 5166
Phone (08) 8231 5144
Keswick Interstate Rail Passenger Terminal
Adelaide's country and interstate rail terminal is located at Keswick, 2 kilometres west of the city centre.
People with Disabilities
A wheelchair is available for handicapped persons while in the terminal complex. Persons in wheelchairs can move freely through the complex.
Free Car Parking
Free car parking is available at either end of the terminal building. Provision has been made for 200 vehicles.
Information Officer
An information officer is on duty to assist you with your rail enquiries.
Mini Bus
A mini bus operates to and from the terminal building to major hotels in Adelaide and to the Adelaide Railway Station. This service is available for every interstate train and a nominal charge is made. The mini bus stand is located at the northern end of the terminal building.
Motorail
Loading and unloading service is situated on the eastern side of the complex.
One Day Luggage Lockers Lockers are available within the terminal at a moderate fee.
Taxi Service
Taxis service every train and the taxi stand is located at the northern end of the Terminal Building.
|
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https://thefamousjoneses.com/author/janfany/
|
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janfany
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7dc9fb0e591a040df1268a1e34af2196?s=200&d=identicon&r=g
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7dc9fb0e591a040df1268a1e34af2196?s=200&d=identicon&r=g
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2024-02-20T20:33:01+10:30
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Read all of the posts by janfany on The Blog of Despair
|
en
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The Blog of Despair
|
http://thefamousjoneses.wordpress.com
|
Confession time; I have been totally sucked in by the Climate Change scam – going around talking like a true believer without bothering to check the authenticity of the many talking heads spruiking this fable. I am still a supporter of renewable power sources and will probably write a bit about those later but for now I want to concentrate on an article to which my, less easily hoodwinked, wife has drawn my attention.
I want you to read this article as I think that the composition of the body that has published it and the meticulous reference bibliography provided by the author leave no doubt as to the reliability of the document and its conclusions. I am particularly appalled by the part that BBC TV is shown to have played in this deception – although, having in the distant past has some glimpse of the underbelly of that organisation’s White City studios, I am not altogether surprised.
I also had a small part in the developing Nuclear power industry in the UK when, in common with many others, I believed that we were creating the answer to the country’s forthcoming power needs. That was in the 1950’s and, so far as I am aware, nuclear power generation has yet to make any significant contribution there. I mention this simply because ‘Climate Change’ is being used as a reason to suggest nuclear power development in Australia – something that I regard as most undesirable and now see as totally unnecessary.
Please be patient; it took me two days to read through the article and study the many references. It is not trivial. I had hoped to simply include here the url used to download my own pdf but I cannot get it to work again. I have therefore been obliged to copy and paste the pdf, making it less attractive to read. My apologies – it really is worth the struggle though.
One more comment; I see from comments on the GWPF website that, despite the rigour of the article, some people are still so totally brainwashed that they can only make scathing comments. Confirmation of the malignant power of Groupthink.
GLOBAL WARMING
A case study in groupthink
How science can shed new light on the most important ‘non-debate’ of our time
Christopher Booker
The Global Warming Policy Foundation
GWPF Report 28GWPF REPORTS
Views expressed in the publications of the Global Warming Policy Foundation
are those of the authors, not those of the GWPF, its Academic Advisory Council members or its directors
THE GLOBAL WARMING POLICY FOUNDATION
Director
Benny Peiser
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Lord Lawson (Chairman)
Lord Donoughue
Lord Fellowes
Rt Revd Dr Peter Forster, Bishop of Chester
Sir Martin Jacomb
ACADEMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL
Professor Christopher Essex (Chairman)
Sir Samuel Brittan
Sir Ian Byatt
Dr John Constable
Professor Vincent Courtillot
Professor Freeman Dyson
Christian Gerondeau
Professor Larry Gould
Professor William Happer
Professor David Henderson
Professor Terence Kealey
Professor Deepak Lal
Professor Richard Lindzen
CREDITS
Cover image The Blind Leading the Blind
©Aleutie/Shutterstock
Peter Lilley
Charles Moore
Baroness Nicholson
Graham Stringer MP
Lord Turnbull
Professor Ross McKitrick
Professor Robert Mendelsohn
Professor Garth Paltridge
Professor Ian Plimer
Professor Paul Reiter
Dr Matt Ridley
Sir Alan Rudge
Professor Nir Shaviv
Professor Henrik Svensmark
Professor Anastasios Tsonis
Professor Fritz Vahrenholt
Dr David Whitehouse
GLOBAL WARMING
A case study in groupthink
How science can shed new light on the most important ‘non-debate’ of our time
Christopher Booker
ISBN 978-0-9931190-0-2
© Copyright 2018 The Global Warming Policy FoundationContents
Foreword vii
About the author viii
Author’s personal note viii
Executive summary xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Janis’s theory of groupthink 2
3 The three rules of groupthink 3
4 The power of second-hand thinking 5
5 Global warming and the archetype of groupthink 6
6 The ‘idea whose time had come’ 18
7 The IPCC breaks its own rules: the ‘consensus’ survives its first major
scandal 20
8 The ‘consensus’ fudges the evidence 23
9 When groupthink meets the outside world 26
10 The ‘consensus’ and the media 31
11 Hysteria reaches its height 35
12 The story begins to change: dissenting voices 38
13 Groupthink and wishful thinking 44
14 Where did the ‘consensus’ get its ‘facts’? 49
15 Groupthink defends its own 52
16 Aftermath of the crisis, 2010–2014 54
17 Prelude to Paris: ‘adjusting’ the facts to fit the theory (again) 67
v18 Paris 2015: a final ‘triumph’ for groupthink 70
19 The real global warming disaster: how groupthink shaped the po-
litical response 74
20 The peculiar case of the United Kingdom 76
21 President Trump finally calls the groupthink’s bluff 80
22 Conclusions: what happens when the groupthink does meet reality? 82
23 A personal epilogue: the wider picture
Foreword
By Professor Richard Lindzen
The bizarre issue of climate catastrophism has been around sufficiently long that it
has become possible to trace its history in detail, and, indeed, several excellent re-
cent books do this, placing the issue in the context of a variety of environmental,
economic and political trends. Darwall’s Green Tyranny: Exposing the Totalitarian Roots
of the Climate Industrial Complex and Lewin’s Searching for the Catastrophe Signal: The
Origins of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deserve special mention in
this connection. Booker’s relatively brief monograph asks a rather different but pro-
foundly important question. Namely, how do otherwise intelligent people come to
believe such arrant nonsense despite its implausibility, internal contradictions, con-
tradictory data, evident corruption and ludicrous policy implications. Booker con-
vincingly shows the power of ‘groupthink’ to overpower the rational faculties that we
would hope could play some role. The phenomenon of groupthink helps explain why
ordinary working people are less vulnerable to this defect. After all, the group that the
believers want to belong to is that of the educated elite. This may have played a ma-
jor role in the election of Donald Trump, which depended greatly on the frustration
of the non-elites (or ‘deplorables’, as Hillary Clinton referred to them) with what they
perceived to be the idiocy of their ‘betters’.
Booker’s emphasis on the situation in the UK is helpful insofar as there is nowhere
that the irrationality of the response to this issue has been more evident, but the
problem exists throughout the developed world. The situation everywhere has been
reinforced by the existence of numerous individuals and groups that have profited
mightily from the hysteria (including academia, where funding predicated on sup-
porting alarm has increased by a factor of about 15–20 in the US), but why so many
others have gone along, despite the obvious disadvantages of doing so, deserves the
attention that Booker provides.
Professor Lindzen was Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Masschusetts Institute of Technology until his retirement in 2013. He is a member of the Academic Advisory Council of GWPF.
About the author
Christopher Booker has been writing on climate change and energy issues in the Sun-
day Telegraph and elsewhere over the past 11 years. In 2010 his history of the science
and politics of global warming, The Real Global Warming Disaster: is the obsession with
climate change turning into one of the most costly scientific blunders in history? was
ranked by The Bookseller as one of the UK’s three top best-selling books on the envi-
ronment in the previous decade, alongside titles by Al Gore and James Lovelock.
Born in 1937, he read history at Cambridge and was the founding editor of Private
Eye between 1961 and 1963. His other books have included The Neophiliacs: a study of
the revolution in English life in the Fifties and Sixties (1969), The Seven Basic Plots: why tell stories, a psychological analysis of storytelling (2004), The Great Deception, a history
of the European Union (co-written with Dr Richard North), and Scared to Death: Why
scares are costing us the earth (2007). In 1979 he made an acclaimed BBC television
documentary, City of Towers, tracing the crucial influence of Le Corbusier on the post-
war redevelopment of Britain’s cities.
Author’s personal note
Having now written extensively about the global warming issue for over a decade, I
kick myself that I did not discover the book that inspired this paper until 2014. When
I finally came across Irving Janis’s seminal analysis of ‘groupthink’, I realised just how
much more it helped to explain about the story I and many others had been following
for so long.
In particular, if I had known about it when in 2009 I published my history of the
great alarm over manmade climate change, The Real Global Warming Disaster, it might
have been a very different book.
Here, more briefly, I look at that story again, brought up to date, but this time
showing how Janis’s theory adds a whole new dimension to our understanding of
one of the most remarkable and puzzling episodes in the history of both science and
politics.
viii It is only by obtaining some sort of insight into the psychology of crowds that it can
be understood how powerless they are to hold any opinions other than those
which are imposed upon them.
Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd
As long as one is within a certain phenomenology, one is not astonished and no
one wonders what it is all about. Such philosophical doubt only comes to one who
is outside the game.
C.G. Jung, Psychology and National Problems
ixExecutive summary
By any measure, the belief that the earth faces an unprecedented threat from ‘human-
induced climate change’ has been one of the most extraordinary episodes in the his-
tory of either science or politics. It has led scientists and politicians to contemplate
nothing less than a complete revolution in the way mankind sources the energy re-
quired to keep modern industrial civilisation functioning, by phasing out the fossil-
fuels on which that civilisation has been built.
But for 30 years the way this has all come about has given expert observers cause
for increasing puzzlement. In particular they have questioned:
• the speed with which the belief that human carbon dioxide emissions were
causing the world dangerously to warm came to be proclaimed as being shared
by a ‘consensus’ of the world’s climate scientists;
• the nature and reliability of much of the evidence being cited to support that
belief;
• the failure of global temperatures to rise in accordance with the predictions of
the computer models on which the ‘consensus’ ultimately rested.
But there was also the peculiarly hostile and dismissive nature of the response by
supporters of the ‘consensus’ to those who questioned all this, a group that included
many eminent scientists and other experts.
The purpose of this paper is to use the scientific insights of a professor of psychol-
ogy at Yale back in the 1970s to show the entire story of the alarm over global warm-
ing in a remarkable new light. The late Professor Irving Janis analysed what happens
when people get caught up in what he termed ‘groupthink’, a pattern of collective
psychological behaviour with three distinctive features, that we can characterise as
rules.
• A group of people come to share a particular view or belief without a proper
appraisal of the evidence.
• This leads them to insist that their belief is shared by a ‘consensus’ of all right-
minded opinion.
• Because their belief is ultimately only subjective, resting on shaky foundations,
they then defend it only by displaying an irrational, dismissive hostility towards
anyone daring to question it.
This paper begins by showing how strongly all these three symptoms were in ev-
idence, right from the start, when, in the late 1980s, the belief that a rise in carbon
dioxide levels was causing the earth dangerously to warm was first brought to the
world’s attention.
It shows how the rules of groupthink continued to be in evidence when, dur-
ing the period around the first report of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
xiChange (IPCC) in 1990 and the Rio ‘Earth Summit’ of 1992, global warming became
adopted as an international scientific and political ‘consensus’.
The presence of groupthink was confirmed at Kyoto in 1997, when practical steps
were first agreed to slow down the rise in world temperatures, by means that would
require the richer, developed nations of the West to reduce their carbon dioxide emis-
sions, while allowing the still ‘developing’ nations, such as China and India, to con-
tinue increasing them until their economies had caught up with the West. Eventually,
as the paper will show, this division between the West and the rest of the world would
turn out to be the crux of the whole story,
For some years the ‘consensus’ theory continued to seem plausible, as carbon
dioxide levels and global temperatures continued to rise together, just as the com-
puter models on which the ‘consensus’ relied had predicted. In 1998 temperatures
were the highest on record, coinciding with an unusually strong El Niño event in the
Pacific.
But then came the ‘hockey stick’ controversy, which first drew charges that, to
make their case seem more plausible, supporters of the ‘consensus’ – strongly en-
dorsed by the IPCC – were having to manipulate crucial scientific evidence. Their re-
sponse to these allegations was further evidence of Janis’s third rule, that any attempt
to challenge the ‘consensus’ must be ignored, rejected and suppressed.
Between 2004 and 2007, the ‘consensus’ still seemed to carry all before it, as its
claims for the threat posed to the planet by global warming became ever more exag-
gerated and extreme, as exemplified in Al Gore’s documentary An Inconvenient Truth
and the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report in 2007.
But it was at this time that more serious cracks began to appear in the ‘consen-
sus’ case. There had been the continuing failure, since the El Niño year of 1998, of
global temperatures to rise as the computer models had predicted: this was what
became known as ‘the hiatus’ or ‘the pause’. There were telling examples of how irra-
tionally supporters of the ‘consensus’ had reacted when they were, for the first time,
confronted by world-ranking scientists who were outside the groupthink.
Even more important, there was the emergence through the internet of a new
‘counter-consensus’, led by technical experts qualified to challenge every scientific
claim on which the ‘consensus’ relied. It was this which, in accordance with Janis’s
third rule, prompted supporters of the ‘consensus’ to vilify anyone daring to disagree
with them as just ‘climate deniers’ who were ‘anti-science’.
In 2009/2010, the ‘consensus’ suffered its three most damaging blows yet:
• the release of the Climategate emails between the little group of scientists at
the heart of the IPCC establishment;
• the collapse in Copenhagen of the long-planned bid to agree a new global cli-
mate treaty, again essentially because of a division between developing nations
and the West;
xii• a series of scandals that revealed that the most widely-quoted and alarming
claims in the 2007 IPCC report had not been based on science at all, but on
claims made in press releases and false reports put out by climate activists.
On both the Climategate emails and the IPCC scandals the ‘climate establishment’
did all it could to hold the line, with a series of supposedly ‘independent’ inquiries
staged by its supporters. But the damage had been done. Between 2010 and 2014,
despite efforts by supporters of the ‘consensus’, such as the BBC and the UK Met Office,
to keep the alarm going, it became clear that it was no longer possible to sustain the
hysteria that had reached its climax in the years before Copenhagen.
But then, as this paper shows, came what amounted to a last throw by the ‘consen-
sus’, with the approach of yet another major global climate conference in Paris in 2015.
The prelude to this, coinciding with another record El Niño event in 2015/2016, was
such a rise in global temperatures as to prompt claims that ‘the pause’ had ended.
But expert analysts across the world found that wholesale ‘adjustments’ had been
made to the figures in the main surface temperature records, giving an impression
that the global temperature trend had been rising much more than was justified by
the original recorded data.
Then came an event as significant as any since the alarm over global warming had
first arisen. Documents supplied by every country before the Paris conference, known
as INDCs, or ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions’, set out their intended
future energy policies. Buried in technical details, these made clear that, however
much the countries of the West might be planning to reduce their ‘carbon’ emissions,
the rest of the world, led by China and India, was planning by 2030 to build enough
fossil-fuel power stations to increase global emissions by almost 50 percent. China
was intending to double its emissions, India to triple theirs.
In other words, the rest of the world had no intention of going along with the de-
clared aim of Paris, to agree on the wholesale ‘decarbonisation’ of the world’s econ-
omy. Yet astonishingly, so lost were developed countries in the groupthink that the
Western media failed to recognise what was happening.
One person who did was President Trump who, to the fury of all those still blinded
by the groupthink, gave the refusal of the rest of the world to reduce its carbon diox-
ide emissions as his reason for pulling the US out of the Paris Accord (although even
now this was not picked up by those reporting on his decision in the West).
Before coming to its conclusions, this paper will briefly summarise some of the
immense political consequences of the alarm over global warming: the costs and
futility of the steps being taken, chiefly in the West, to switch from fossil fuels to ‘low-
carbon’ sources of energy.
The conclusions then follow, under three headings. The first summarises the na-
ture of the groupthink that has for 30 years come to dominate virtually all public dis-
cussion of global warming in the West. The second considers the factors that will
xiiimake it so difficult for the West to escape from this intellectual straitjacket.
But the final section highlights how the events of the past two years, culminating
in Trump’s rejection of Paris, have in fact been the crux of the whole story. The rest
of the world, led by the fast-growing economies of China and India, has made clear
that, whatever the West may continue to believe or do, it is carrying on regardless.
This was what Trump recognised when, in July 2017, he finally called the bluff of one
of the most damaging examples of groupthink the world has ever known. From now
on, the story can never be the same again.
xiv1 Introduction
Since we have now been living with the debate on global warming for 30 years, it
might seem hard to imagine that any wholly new scientific perspective could usefully
be brought to bear on it. But such is the purpose of this paper, which seeks to use the
insights of a distinguished former professor of psychology at Yale to show the real
nature of that debate in a startling new light, helping us to understand much that
observers have long found baffling.
By any measure, the consequences of the belief that human activity may be caus-
ing our planet dangerously to warm have marked it as one of the most extraordinary
episodes in history. Countless billions of dollars gone into attempts to confirm the
theory that human emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are pos-
ing an unprecedented threat to the future of life on Earth. This idea has been found so
persuasive by many of the world’s politicians that they have been prepared to commit
us to spending trillions more on every kind of measure designed to avert that threat.
Their central aim has been, as they put it, to ‘decarbonise’ the world’s economy.
They want us to phase out the fossil-fuels on which mankind’s material progress has
been based for 200 years, and to rely instead on ‘carbon-free’ sources of energy, such
as ‘renewables’ and nuclear power. Together, they believe, this will bring about such
a reduction in human emissions of carbon dioxide that it will have a significant influ-
ence on the earth’s climate.
This, of course, is why the warming thesis has become so hugely important to all
our futures: it has led to the widely accepted view that our planet can only be saved
by a fundamental revolution in the way the human race manages its affairs, based on
eliminating precisely those sources of energy on which our modern industrial civili-
sation has been built.
But there has long been a very serious puzzle at the heart of how the discussion of
all this has unfolded. From the moment these views exploded to the top of the global
agenda in the late 1980s, they might have seemed to carry all before them. But right
from the start, a number of reputable scientists found them far from convincing or
well-founded. Yet so powerful was the momentum behind what had almost imme-
diately been proclaimed as a ‘consensus’ of scientific opinion that any questioning of
it was swept aside.
Over the years other experts emerged to challenge not just the ‘consensus’ it-
self, but the methods being used to promote it: not least the graphs and predictions
produced by those computer models which were so central to the case for anthro-
pogenic warming. Equally questioned were the methods being adopted by politi-
cians to counter the supposed threat, such as pouring colossal subsidies into new
sources of ‘zero-carbon’ energy.
But however authoritatively many of these attempts to question the ‘consensus’
were put, they were automatically dismissed as scarcely worth answering. In other
1words, the most obvious characteristic of the supposed ‘debate’ over climate change
was that it was never really a debate at all.
There was never any proper engagement between the two sides, because the
supporters of the ‘consensus’, who included all the world’s major scientific institutions
and most of the media, simply could not accept that any further discussion was called
for. Scarcely had the story begun than we were repeatedly told that ‘the science is set-
tled’.
For many observers, however, there was something very odd about this: not just
the absence of dialogue between the two sides, but the peculiar hostility shown by
supporters of the ‘consensus’ towards anyone who did not share their view. This was
not what might have been expected over what was, on any count, one of the most
significant issues of the age. So what might explain it? Was there perhaps some clue in
human psychology which might help better to explain the extraordinarily one-sided
nature of this ‘non-debate’?
At this point, step forward Irving Janis, a professor of psychology at Yale University
in the 1970s, the man who has given us the crucial missing perspective that may allow
us to see this familiar story in a wholly new light.
2
Janis’s theory of groupthink
I use the term ‘groupthink’ as a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking
that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when
the members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically
appraise alternative courses of action. Groupthink is a term of the same order as
the words in the newspeak vocabulary George Orwell presents in his dismaying
1984 – a vocabulary with terms such as ‘doublethink’ and ‘crimethink’. By putting
groupthink with those Orwellian words, I realise that groupthink takes on an
Orwellian connotation. The invidiousness is intentional, Groupthink refers to a
deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing and moral judgment.
Irving Janis, Victims of Groupthink, 1972
Janis’s unique contribution to science lay in his disciplined analysis of what happens
when human beings get caught up in an instance of what he called ‘groupthink’. Of
course, this is a word now casually used all over the place, to dismiss the shared mind-
set of any group of people with whose opinions one doesn’t agree. And Janis himself
did not originate the term, which is attributed to William Whyte Jr. in 1952. But Ja-
nis minted it afresh by consciously adapting it from George Orwell’s ‘doublethink’ in
Nineteen Eighty-Four. And what made his contribution so valuable was that, in his
book Victims of Groupthink in 1972 (in a later edition shortened to just Groupthink ), 1
2he showed that there is a scientific structure to the rules by which groupthink consis-
tently operates.
In fact the only reason why his book is not much better known is that he does not
himself seem to have been aware of how much more generally relevant his insights
were than to just the subject of his original study. The subtitle of his book was A Psy-
chological Study of Foreign Policy Decisions and Fiascos, and the examples he used to
illustrate his thesis were all notorious failures of US foreign policy between the 1940s
and the 1960s. These included the failure of America to heed intelligence warnings
of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941, General McArthur’s fateful decision
to advance into North Korea in 1950, President Kennedy’s backing for the CIA’s disas-
trous Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961, and President Johnson’s decision in 1965 to
escalate the war in Vietnam. In a later edition he added President Nixon’s involvement
in the Watergate affair.
But what Janis more generally showed through each of his carefully researched
case studies was how this form of collective human psychology operates according
to certain clearly identifiable rules. Janis several times set out lists of the ‘symptoms
of groupthink’, and his lengthy study included much analysis of its other attributes.
But for our present purpose, we can draw out from his work three characteristics of
groupthink that are absolutely basic and relevant to our theme. I carefully use here
the phrase ‘draw out from’ because Janis himself nowhere explicitly states that these
are the three basic rules of groupthink. But they are implicit in his analysis throughout
the book, and form the core of his theory as to how groupthink operates.
3 The three rules of groupthink
Rule one is that a group of people come to share a common view or belief that in some
way is not properly based on reality. They may believe they have all sorts of evidence
that confirms that their opinion is right, but their belief cannot ultimately be tested
in a way that confirms this beyond doubt. In essence, therefore, it is no more than a
shared belief.
Rule two is that, precisely because their shared view cannot be subjected to ex-
ternal proof, they then feel the need to reinforce its authority by elevating it into a
‘consensus’, a word Janis himself emphasised. To those who subscribe to the ‘con-
sensus’, the common belief seems intellectually and morally so self-evident that all
right-thinking people must agree with it. The one thing they cannot afford to allow
is that anyone, either within their group or outside it, should question or challenge it.
Once established, the essence of the belief system must be defended at all costs.
Rule three, in some ways the most revealing of all, is a consequence of that in-
sistence that everyone must support the ‘consensus’. The views of anyone who fails
to share it become wholly unacceptable. There cannot be any possibility of dialogue
3with them. They must be excluded from any further discussion. At best they may just
be marginalised and ignored, at worst they must be openly attacked and discredited.
Dissent cannot be tolerated.
Janis showed how consistently and fatally these rules operated in each of his ex-
amples. Those caught up in the groupthink rigorously excluded anyone putting for-
ward evidence that raised doubts about their ‘consensus’ view. So convinced were
they of the rightness of their cause that anyone failing to agree with it was aggres-
sively shut out from the discussion. And in each case, because they refused to con-
sider any evidence that suggested that their two-dimensional ‘consensus’ was not
based on a proper appraisal of reality, it eventually led to disaster.
The collective refusal to heed intelligence warnings allowed the Japanese to at-
tack Pearl Harbour with impunity. McArthur’s hubristic decision to advance into North
Korea predictably brought China into the war, with deadly results. The reckless ac-
ceptance by Kennedy and his little circle of intimate advisers of a crackpot CIA plan
to invade Cuba led inevitably to an embarrassing fiasco. The massive stepping up of
US forces in Vietnam produced a response that was to suck the US into ten years of
frustration and a growing nightmare, which only ended with their humiliating with-
drawal in 1975.
But Janis then followed this litany of failure with two examples of US foreign policy
initiatives that provided a complete contrast: the Marshall Plan in the late 1940s and
the ending of the Cuban missile crisis, which had threatened a new world war in 1962.
He showed how the difference had been that these initiatives were driven by the very
opposite of groupthink. In each case, those responsible had deliberately canvassed
the widest range of expert opinion, to ensure that all relevant evidence was brought
to the table. They wanted to explore every possible consequence of what was being
proposed. And in each case the policy was outstandingly successful.
Once we recognise how these three elements make up the archetypal rules that
define the operations of groupthink, we see just how very much more generally they
have applied, in different guises, all down the ages.
An obvious example comes in the shape of most forms of organised religion. Reli-
gions are, by definition, ‘belief systems’, which, once established, have tended to be-
come very markedly intolerant of anyone who does not share them. These outsiders
are therefore condemned as ‘heretics’, ‘infidels’, and ‘unbelievers’. To protect the right-
thinking orthodoxy, they must be marginalised, excluded from mainstream society,
persecuted, even put to death.
Another obvious instance has been those totalitarian political ideologies, such as
communism or Nazism, that likewise showed ruthless intolerance towards ‘subver-
sives’, ‘dissidents’ or anyone not following ‘the party line’ (in the Soviet Union it was
termed ‘correct thinking’). Again, such people had to be excluded from established
society, imprisoned or physically ‘eliminated’.
4Once we recognise this pattern, we can easily identify countless other examples,
large and small, throughout history; from the treatment accorded to Galileo for ques-
tioning the Church’s ‘consensus’ that the sun moved round the earth to the hysteria
whipped up in the USA in the early1950s by McCarthy and the Senate Un-American
Activities Committee, against anyone who could be demonised as a ‘communist’ and
therefore a traitor.
A perfect fictional depiction of groupthink in action is Hans Christian Andersen’s
story The Emperor’s New Clothes. When the emperor parades through the streets in
what he has been talked into imagining is a dazzling new suit, all his deferential sub-
jects acclaim it as handsome beyond compare. Only the little boy points out that the
emperor is not wearing any clothes at all, and is stark naked. And, of course, those
caught up in the ‘consensus’ all viciously turn on him for pointing out the truth.
In the epilogue I shall refer briefly to other instances of groupthink that have be-
come only too familiar in our present-day world. But before we apply Janis’s three
rules to the ‘non-debate’ over global warming, we must also add one more very im-
portant aspect of the way groupthink operates which he didn’t touch on, because it
wasn’t relevant to the particular examples he was analysing.
4 The power of second-hand thinking
Great power is given to ideas propagated by affirmation, repetition and contagion
by the circumstances that they acquire in time that mysterious force known as
‘prestige’. Whatever has been a ruling power in the world, whether it be ideas or
men, has in the main enforced its authority by means of that irresistible force we
call prestige.
Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd
Janis was only really concerned with how groupthink affected small groups of peo-
ple in charge of US policy at the highest level. But when we come to consider the
story of the belief in man-made global warming, we are of course looking at how this
was shared by countless other people: academics, politicians, the media, teachers,
business executives, indeed public opinion in general.
But all these people only got carried along by the belief that manmade global
warming was real and dangerous because they had been told it was so by others.
They accepted as true what they had heard, read or just seen on television without
questioning it. And this meant that they didn’t really know why they thought why
they did. They hadn’t thought it necessary to give such a complicated and technical
subject any fundamental study. They simply echoed what had been passed on to
them from somewhere else, usually in the form of a few familiar arguments or articles
of belief that were, like approved mantras, endlessly repeated.
5Of course, we all accept a huge proportion of what we believe or think we know
without bothering to check the reliability of whatever source we first learned it from,
such as the idea that the Earth is 93 million miles from the Sun, or that Tokyo is the
capital of Japan. We just take on trust that such things are true because everyone else
does so, and assume that, if necessary, they can be confirmed by hard evidence.
But when it came to the belief in man-made global warming, another factor was at
work, one which always becomes relevant when we are looking at any case of group-
think. Because this was a wholly new idea, its acceptance rested on how much author-
ity could be attributed to those putting it forward, and this was to become a crucial
part of the story.
Long before Janis came up with his theory of groupthink, similar ideas had been
explored in less scientific form by the French writer Gustave Le Bon, who in 1895 pub-
lished a book called The Crowd. And one of his shrewdest observations was the crucial
part played in changing the opinions of huge numbers of people by ‘prestige’: the
particular deference paid to those who are taking the lead in putting them forward.
This was never more evident than in the way the belief in manmade global warm-
ing came to win such widespread acceptance. The most obvious example was the
unique prestige accorded to the body known as the UN Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC). The prestige of the IPCC lay in the fact that it was presented to
the world as the ultimate objective authority on the state of the earth’s climate, rep-
resenting the views of all the world’s ‘top climate scientists’. If other scientists, politi-
cians, journalists or anyone else wished to make a point about global warming, they
only had to cite the IPCC as their authority. Its pronouncements were to be treated as
gospel. And even these people borrowed a little of the IPCC’s authority by the very
fact that they were quoting it.
But how did the IPCC come to be given such unparalleled authority in the first
place? This becomes highly relevant when we look at how closely the rise of the belief
in global warming and all that followed from it was shaped by Janis’s three basic rules.
5
Global warming and the archetype of groupthink
We start by re-examining how the belief in man-made global warming first came
about.
Rule 1: The creation of a belief-system
One of the most striking features of this belief was the dramatic suddenness with
which it was sprung upon the world. The story began in obscurity in the late 1970s,
when a tiny group of international meteorologists, led by Professor Bert Bolin from
Sweden, observed that global temperatures, after 30 years of modest decline, were
once again rising. In fact, Bolin had initially become convinced as far back as the late
61950s that a rise in carbon dioxide must inevitably, thanks to the properties of carbon
dioxide as a greenhouse gas, lead to global warming, at a time when such a theory
was wholly out of fashion. By the early 1970s, after three decades when global tem-
peratures had been in such decline that many scientists were predicting the approach
of a new ice age, Bolin was regarded as just an eccentrically marginal figure. 2
But by the late 1970s, he noted that not only were levels of carbon dioxide rising,
so also once again were temperatures. This confirmed for him that the two must be
directly connected, the first leading to the second. And the possible consequences
for the future of mankind, he concluded, were distinctly alarming. 3
When, in 1979, Bolin put his case to the first ever ‘World Climate Conference’,
staged in Geneva under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization (the
WMO), it seemed to his audience so convincing that it was agreed that a further con-
ference should be held, at which Bolin’s theory would be top of the agenda.
When another meeting took place at Villach, Austria, in 1985, Bolin had prepared
a long paper, arguing that the problem of ‘human-induced climate change’ was po-
tentially so serious that it called for urgent global action at the highest level. The
conference endorsed all that Bolin said, and among those who found it particularly
powerful was Dr John Houghton, an evangelical Christian who had formerly been
professor of atmospheric physics at Oxford, but who since 1983 had been the head
of the UK Met Office. He was now to become Bolin’s most influential scientific ally.
But they might still have got nowhere with their cause had they not won an even
more influential political ally, a very rich but strongly left-wing Canadian business-
man, Maurice Strong. Since his teens, Strong had become convinced that the future
of mankind lay in transforming the UN into a world government. He had also become
a very skilful political networker at the highest level. In 1972, thanks to his personal
links with the head of the UN, he had been appointed to organise in Stockholm a
‘world conference on the environment’; and this led him to being asked to set up, as
its first head, a new UN agency, the UN Environment Program (UNEP).
In fact, Strong knew very little about the environment. But he had now come to
see it as the key to using the UN’s prestige to promote a sweeping left-wing agenda.
He argued that the natural resources of the earth were the common inheritance of all
mankind, and that the rich Western countries, which had benefited so disproportion-
ately from exploiting them, must now be made to fund the poorer countries in the
rest of the world, to help their economies to catch up.
In 1985, although Strong had by then stepped down as its director, it was UNEP
which joined the WMO in sponsoring the Villach climate conference. The meeting
was chaired by Strong’s like-minded successor as head of UNEP, Dr Mustafa Tolba. In
1987 the two men were able to push their agenda significantly further as members
of the Brundtland Commission, the body that was to put the word ‘sustainable’ into
the jargon of politicians and officialdom for decades to come. Thanks to their evi-
7dence and citing the recommendations from Villach, the Brundtland report laid par-
ticular emphasis on the dangers of ‘human-induced climate change’, warning that this
could raise global temperatures to such a level that it would have serious effects on
agriculture, ‘raise sea levels, flood coastal cities and disrupt national economies’. The
report therefore called for a major global effort to curb emissions of carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases.
In the same year, Strong played a key behind-the-scenes role in organising the
conference in his native Canada that produced the Montreal Protocol, the first global
treaty to ‘protect the environment’, that succeeded in phasing out the use of CFCs,
the chemicals thought to be destroying the ozone layer. This process enabled Strong
to see that, in global warming, he had found an even more powerful theme on which
to push his long-time political agenda. And in the landmark year of 1988 everything
seemed suddenly to be coming together.
First, on a stiflingly hot July day in Washington that summer, a Senate committee
heard a cleverly stage-managed rallying cry by another recent convert to the global
warming cause, James Hansen, who, as head of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space
Studies (GISS), was in charge of one of the world’s key official temperature records.
The US media had been briefed to be present in force at this hearing, chaired by
Senator Tim Wirth and including among the members of its committee, Senator Al
Gore. The journalists were promised that they would hear something pretty sensa-
tional. Hansen’s wildly alarmist predictions that the world was heading for a global
Armageddon duly made lurid headlines across USA and beyond, including cover sto-
ries in Time and Newsweek. Wirth and Hansen had certainly pulled off quite a coup in
raising the threat of global warming to the top of the media agenda.
Quite separately, however, in November that year in Geneva, took place the in-
augural meeting of a new body, jointly sponsored by WMO and UNEP: the IPCC. Al-
though it was to be sold to the world as an impartial body of world scientists, the
IPCC was never intended by those who set it up to be anything of the kind. The two
men more than any responsible for this were Bolin, appointed as its first chairman,
and Houghton, chosen to chair ‘Working Group I’, which would contribute the all-
important section on the science of climate change when the IPCC came to compile
its first report. Not only were both men totally committed to the belief in ‘human in-
duced climate change’, so were almost all the lesser mortals round the table at that
first IPCC meeting, representing 34 nations, as can be seen from the statements each
submitted on behalf of their respective governments. 4 Within just two years, it was
proposed, the IPCC would present its first ‘assessment report’, in which the key in-
gredient would be computer models programmed to determine the extent to which
rising levels of carbon dioxide would warm the world. 5
When this First Assessment Report appeared in 1990, the global headlines were
led by a claim in its ‘Summary for Policymakers’ that the IPCC was ‘confident that the
8increase in CO 2 alone’ had been responsible for ‘more than half the world’s recent
warming’ and that this would ‘require immediate reductions in emissions from hu-
man activities of over 60 percent’.
‘Based on current models’, the Summary predicted that, unless drastic action was
taken, global temperatures would increase through the 21st century by up to 0.5 ◦ C
every decade, an increase far greater than anything ‘seen in the past 10,000 years’.
Although in the previous 100 years temperatures had increased by 0.6 ◦ C, the models
were now predicting the possibility of a not dissimilar increase every ten years. But
the Summary for Policymakers was drafted by Houghton himself. And a look at the
hundreds of pages which it was purporting to summarise showed a rather different
picture. Some of the scientists responsible for them had come to very much more
cautious, if not contradictory conclusions. One passage, for instance, admitted that:
…global warming of a larger size has almost certainly occurred at least once since
the last glaciation without any appreciable increase in greenhouse gases… [and]
because we do not understand the reasons for these past warming events, it is
not possible to attribute a specific proportion of the recent, smaller warming to
an increase in greenhouse gases.
But it was Houghton’s alarmist gloss on the actual findings of the report that, as was
intended, caught the attention of the world’s media and politicians. And this was just
what was wanted by their ally Strong, who was even now preparing for the unprece-
dented spectacular he planned to stage in Rio de Janeiro two years later.
The so-called ‘Earth Summit’, which Strong organised and chaired in Rio in 1992,
was easily the largest conference the world had ever seen. It was attended by 108
world leaders, ranging from Cuba’s Fidel Castro to a rather more reluctant US Presi-
dent George Bush Sr, along with 20,000 other official delegates. Also present in Rio
were 20,000 climate activists and members of green lobby groups, all paid for out of
UN and government funds, as arranged by Strong himself. He masterminded every
detail of this extraordinary gathering, and ensured that it would set up a Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to guide the advance to a global ‘climate
policy’.
It was planned that in 1997 the UNFCCC would stage another mega-conference
in Kyoto, where the nations of the world would sign a treaty agreeing to make drastic
cuts in carbon dioxide emissions. Or, to be more precise, in accordance with Strong’s
real long-term agenda, this treaty would commit the ‘developed’ countries of the
West to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions (since they were considered chiefly
responsible for the problem), while paying out huge sums to the still-developing na-
tions in the rest of the world, including China and India, to assist their economies to
catch up with the West.
For the tiny handful of meteorologists who, in the mid-1980s, had been discussing
how to get politicians to accept that global warming was a serious threat, all this
9amounted to an amazing coup. In just four short years they had raised it to the top of
the world’s political agenda. The first world leader to come on board in 1988 had been
Britain’s prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, who had been converted to the cause by
the UK’s ambassador to the UN, Crispin Tickell. He had won her over not least by cit-
ing Hansen’s evidence to the Senate committee. And she had then given enthusiastic
backing to John Houghton in his plans to set up the IPCC, and the funding to create
a new department of his UK Met Office, the Hadley Centre for Climate Change (later
to become the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research). This would be re-
sponsible, with the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia, for
another of what became the world’s four main global temperature records. 6
In America, the most prominent politician now totally committed to the cause was
Senator Al Gore from Tennessee; a member of that Senate committee in 1988, who
was about to become US vice-president under Bill Clinton.
In Brussels in October 1991, the European Community (shortly to become the Eu-
ropean Union) had acclaimed the IPCC report for showing how, for the first time, there
was now ‘a consensus among scientists on the possible impact and risks of the green-
house effect’. This came in a long document setting out A Community Strategy to Limit
Carbon Dioxide Emissions, proposing a Europe-wide conversion to renewable energy.
All in all, it was clear that the need to ‘combat climate change’ was very much an
idea whose time had come. But in light of the first step in Janis’s three-stage analy-
sis, we must note that, even then, the scientific base for the theory of the ‘true be-
lievers’ was in no way as secure as they pretended. The only ‘proof’ that they were
right lay in the projections of those computer models, specifically programmed to
assume that rising carbon dioxide was the most important factor driving global tem-
peratures and therefore changes to the climate. Politically, they had certainly made
astonishing progress. But, as was shown by the way Houghton had needed to ‘sex
up’ his Summary for Policymakers, they were still having to push pretty hard to make
their case seem as watertight as they would have liked. And it was already becom-
ing very evident that those who supported their cause were having to move on to
the second stage of the Janis rules, by insisting whenever possible that the case for
‘human-induced climate change’ was now accepted by a ‘consensus’ of the world’s
scientists.
10Rule 2: Creating the illusion of a ‘consensus’
Only an insignificant fraction of scientists deny the global warming crisis. The time
for debate is over. The science is settled.
Al Gore, 1992
One eminent scientist very much not part of the ‘consensus’ was Dr Richard Lindzen,
the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology and one of America’s most respected atmospheric physicists. In 1992 he pub-
lished a long informal paper entitled ‘Global warming: the origin and nature of the
alleged scientific consensus’, the theme of which was the extraordinary pressure that
had built up in the late 1980s to create the impression that global warming was sup-
ported by an overwhelming ‘consensus’ of scientific opinion. He began by recalling a
letter he had received in 1988 from a respected professor of economics named Lester
Lave, who had been one of the other witnesses called before the 1988 Senate com-
mittee at which James Hansen had spoken so dramatically.
Unlike Hansen, Lave had told the senators that the global warming hypothesis
was still ‘controversial’, that by no means all scientists were agreed on it, and that the
science was still very uncertain as to what the causes of climate change might be.
Senator Gore expressed vehement irritation at this, claiming that anyone who said
such a thing couldn’t know what he was talking about, and suggesting that there
was no point in the senators hearing any more of Professor Lave’s evidence. 7
Lave had been so surprised to be dismissed by the committee in such summary
fashion that he had written to Lindzen, as one of America’s most distinguished clima-
tologists, to ask whether he had got it wrong. Lindzen confirmed that the case for
global warming was not only ‘controversial’ but also, in his view, ‘implausible’. 8
Two years later, when the IPCC produced its first report, as Lindzen described,
he had found it as a scientist deeply disturbing. He too had been shocked by the
way Houghton’s Summary for Policymakers had largely ignored the ‘uncertainty’ ex-
pressed in parts of the report itself, by attempting ‘to present the expectation of sub-
stantial warming as firmly based science’. 9 Indeed this had essentially been confirmed
by Houghton himself, admitting that:
…whilst every attempt was made by the lead authors to incorporate their com-
ments, in some cases these formed a minority opinion which could not be rec-
onciled with the larger consensus. 10
But Lindzen’s chief objections to the report were based on the area of science in which
he himself had unrivalled expertise. He noted that the IPCC’s predictions of future
temperatures and climate behaviour were all based on computer models. And what
particularly struck him was that the programming of these models was much too sim-
plistic. By giving pole position to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases as the
11main ‘forcing’ ingredient in driving future temperatures, and by failing to allow for
other natural influences on climate, their findings were demonstrably misleading.
In particular, observed Lindzen, the models overlooked or seriously misjudged
the part played by far the most important greenhouse gas of all, water vapour, which
makes up more than 90 percent of their total volume. They also failed to allow for
the effect of the increased cloud-cover that would result from the greater humidity
caused by warming of the oceans. Each of these effects would lessen the impact of
global warming. Account for them properly in the models, he argued, and it would
be seen that the ‘greenhouse effect’ caused by rising carbon dioxide levels had been
wildly overstated. What was more, this could be demonstrated by running those
same computer models retrospectively, to show where, if they were right, temper-
atures should have been throughout the 20th century. It became glaringly obvious
that these crudely over-simplified programmes failed to explain the actual variations
that had taken place in 20th century temperature levels. In the 1920s and 1930s,
when carbon dioxide emissions were comparatively low, temperatures had sharply
risen. But in the very years when emissions were rising much more steeply, between
1940 and the 1970s, temperatures had fallen back, in what became known to clima-
tologists as the ‘Little Cooling’. In fact, the assumptions on which the models were
based, said Lindzen, would have led them to predict a 20th century warming four
times greater than that actually recorded (with most of the rise taking place before
atmospheric carbon dioxide had reached anything like its present level). On this ba-
sis, how could any trust now be placed in their pretended ability to estimate future
rises? As Lindzen bluntly put it, the models had ‘neither the physics nor the numerical
accuracy to come up with findings which were not ‘disturbingly arbitrary’.
But even though this confirmed why Lindzen found the IPCC’s case for future
warming ‘implausible’ and seriously exaggerated, his lengthy paper on the nature of
the supposed ‘consensus’ in fact ranged very much wider. In particular, he focussed
on both the remarkable degree to which the notion of a ‘consensus’ had been used
to dominate public debate and also the extraordinary pressure brought to bear to
ensure that anyone daring to question it was marginalised.
For a start, it had been notable how quickly other influential interest groups had
rushed to join the cause. He described, for instance, how fervently global warming
had been taken up by the leading environmental campaigning organisations, such
as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and the WWF. These pressure groups, which had
originally emerged out of the ‘environmental awakening’ of the 1960s, had now at-
tained very considerable status and influence as ‘non-governmental organisations’
(NGOs).
The chief original target of all these campaigning groups had been the need to
save the world from the ‘threat’ posed by nuclear weapons and nuclear power sta-
tions. 11 But with remarkable unanimity, as the Cold War came to an end, they had
12all suddenly switched the focus of their attention to this new threat to the planet. As
Lindzen put it:
…these lobbying groups have budgets of several million dollars and employ about
50,000 people. Their support is highly valued by many political figures. As with
any large groups, self-perpetuation becomes a crucial concern. ‘Global warming’
has become one of the major battle cries in their fundraising efforts. At the same
time, the media unquestioningly accept the pronouncements of these groups as
objective truth.
In March 1989 the main NGOs had formed an umbrella organisation, the Climate Ac-
tion Network, to co-ordinate their campaigning on global warming. This shadowy
body was to be used by Strong in 1992 to co-ordinate his recruiting of the 20,000
activists who attended his Rio summit.
At the same time, another such group, the Union of Concerned Scientists, which
had also originally been formed to campaign on nuclear issues, organised a petition
urging the recognition of global warming as potentially the greatest danger faced by
mankind. The eventual list of 700 signatories, including Nobel prizewinners and many
members of the National Academy of Sciences, seemed hugely impressive. But ‘only
about three or four’ of them, according to Lindzen, were qualified climate scientists.
At the 1990 meeting of the National Academy, its president, referring specifically
to this petition, went out of his way to warn members against ‘lending their credibil-
ity to issues about which they had no special knowledge’. 12 His warning was to be
conspicuously ignored.
Lindzen also recalled how quickly the new cause had become fashionable among
leading figures in showbusiness, such as the Hollywood actors Robert Redford, Bar-
bra Streisand and Meryl Streep, all of whom made much-publicised calls, in Redford’s
words, for people to stop just ‘researching’ the warming threat and to ‘begin acting’
(which, as Lindzen wryly observed, was not an unreasonable thing for an actor to
suggest).
Also now becoming obvious, however, was just how much new money was now
becoming available for research into climate change. Even though in 1989 President
George Bush Sr’s senior White House advisers had initially been sceptical on the issue,
so great now was political pressure that in 1989 they authorised a staggering increase
in the federal budget for climate change research. Over the next four years this was
to increase from just $134 million to a total of $2.8 billion. 13
But, as Lindzen noted, it had soon become clear that any proposals deemed likely
to be at all ambivalent over global warming were highly unlikely to be accepted. He
recalled how, in the winter of 1989, the National Science Foundation had withdrawn
funding from one of his MIT colleagues, Professor Reginald Newell, when his data
analyses failed to show that the previous century had seen a net warming (one re-
viewer suggested that his results were ‘dangerous to humanity’). 14
13This was an indication of just how ruthless the pressure had become to shut any
critics of the ‘consensus’ out of the debate. When Lindzen himself submitted a critique
of the global warming thesis to Science, the journal of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, his article was rejected as being of ‘no interest’ to its
readership. But, to his astonishment, Science then proceeded to attack his paper even
though it had not been published.
Although the article eventually appeared in the Bulletin of the American Meteoro-
logical Society, its editor made ‘a determined effort to solicit rebuttals’, including one
that was an attack on Lindzen by Stephen Schneider, a scientist who in the 1970s had
been a prominent supporter of the belief that the world might be heading for a new
ice age, but was now one of the leading advocates of warming.
The letters the paper aroused from the Bulletin’s readers, however, were predomi-
nantly sceptical of the case for anthropogenic warming. Indeed, a subsequent Gallup
poll of climate scientists belonging to the American Meteorological Society and the
American Physical Union showed that no fewer than 49 percent rejected it. Only 18
percent thought that some warming was caused by man, while 33 percent were ‘don’t
knows’.
Lindzen noted how a number of the scientists participating in the IPCC report had
…testified to the pressure put on them to emphasise results supportive of the
current scenario and to suppress other results. That pressure has frequently been
effective, and a survey of participants reveals substantial disagreement with the
final report. 15
‘Why, one might wonder’, Lindzen asked, was ‘there such insistence on scientific una-
nimity on the warming issue’? After all, he observed,
…unanimity in science is virtually non-existent on far less complex matters. Una-
nimity on an issue as uncertain as ‘global warming’ would be surprising and sus-
picious. Moreover, why are the opinions of scientists sought regardless of their
field of expertise? Biologists and physicians are rarely asked to endorse some
theory in high-energy physics. Apparently, when one comes to ‘global warm-
ing’, any scientist’s agreement will do.
The supporters of the ‘consensus’ were now clearly becoming impatient of anyone
who dared question their orthodoxy. This takes us on to the final stage of Janis’s three
rules of groupthink: the ruthless way in which a ‘consensus’ must be defended against
anyone who disagrees with it. This is necessary for upholders of the ‘consensus’, not
only in propaganda terms, showing a wider audience how any critics can safely be ig-
nored, but in psychological terms, by reinforcing their own belief that the ‘consensus’
is unquestionably right.
14Rule 3: Putting ‘non-believers’ beyond the pale
Once Lindzen’s sceptical views had become known, as he described in his paper, he
had been singled out for venomous attack, even in books, such as World on Fire: Sav-
ing an Endangered Earth, published in 1991 by George Mitchell, the Democrats’ ma-
jority leader in the Senate. In fact Lindzen was far from alone in being given such
treatment. He and other ‘climate sceptics’ were now being regularly subjected to dis-
missive ridicule in the press, as in an article in the New York Times by Al Gore, in which,
by somewhat ironic projection, he compared those who shared his views to Galileo,
bravely standing for the truth against the intolerant consensus of his time.
But just how vicious in suppressing criticism the supporters of the ‘consensus’ had
become was illustrated by the fate of two other eminent scientists who had also pub-
licly shown that they did not subscribe to the ‘consensus’. In the summer of 1992,
Al Gore, by now the leading political crusader on global warming in America, was
bidding to become the Democrat Party’s candidate for vice-president. As part of his
campaign he published a book, Earth in the Balance, claiming that global warming
was ‘the worst threat we have ever faced’. 16
Gore paid glowing tribute to the man who had first alerted him to this threat when
he was at Harvard in the mid-1960s: the distinguished oceanographer, Roger Revelle.
Back in the 1950s, as head of a department at the University of California in San Diego,
Revelle had been behind the setting up of the research station on top of the Hawai-
ian volcano Mauna Loa that measures the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
When the data had shown that these were steadily rising, it was this more than any-
thing else that helped to set the great alarm over global warming on its way.
When Gore wrote his book in 1992, he seemed unaware that, although Revelle
had recognised a possible connection between greenhouse gases and global tem-
peratures, he had long been taking a very much more cautious view on global warm-
ing than that now being championed by Gore himself. In July 1988, after Hansen
made headlines with his testimony to Wirth’s Senate committee, Revelle had written
to a member of Congress:
Most scientists familiar with the subject are not yet willing to bet that the climate
this year is the result of ‘greenhouse warming’. As you very well know, climate is
highly variable from year to year, and the causes of these variations are not at
all well understood. My own personal belief is that we should wait another ten
or twenty years to really be convinced that the greenhouse effect is going to be
important for human beings, in both positive and negative ways. 17
Four days later Revelle had written to Wirth himself, cautioning that:
…we should be careful not to arouse too much alarm until the rate and amount
of warming becomes clearer. It is not yet obvious that this summer’s hot weather
and drought are the result of a global climatic change or simply an example of
15the uncertainties of climate variability. My own feeling is that we had better wait
another ten years before making confident predictions. 18
In 1990, at a conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Revelle was approached by an old friend, Dr Fred Singer, then professor of environ-
mental science at the University of Virginia, but who, back in the 1960s, had worked
with NASA to design and set up, as its first director, the US National Satellite Weather
Service. The two men discussed writing an informal paper together on global warm-
ing, which Singer went on to draft for submission to a small-circulation journal called
Cosmos. When he and Revelle met to discuss the proofs, they agreed several amend-
ments, and the article was published in April 1991. It was entitled ‘What to do about
greenhouse warming: look before you leap’. Their main argument, echoing the views
that Revelle had expressed earlier in his letters to the members of Congress, was that:
Drastic, precipitous, and especially unilateral steps to delay the putative green-
house impacts can cost jobs and prosperity and increase the human costs of
global poverty without being effective. Stringent economic controls now would
be economically devastating particularly for developing countries. . . ’
They concluded that:
…the scientific base for a greenhouse warming is too uncertain to justify drastic
action at this time.
The article attracted little attention and three months later, professionally active to
the end of his life, Revelle died aged 82. Later that year, however, Singer was invited
to contribute to a book on global warming and suggested that their article be repub-
lished.
The following summer of 1992, when Al Gore was running hard to win the vice-
presidential nomination, the New Republic picked up on the contrast between the
references to Revelle in his new book and the views expressed in the article he had co-
authored with Singer. 19 This was prominently reported elsewhere in the media and,
after Gore won the nomination, was even raised in a televised election debate. Gore’s
response was not only to protest that Revelle’s views in the article had been ‘taken
completely out of context’, but to use one of his close associates, Dr Justin Lancaster of
Harvard, to ask Singer to remove Revelle’s name from the article. This was somewhat
impractical, since it had already been published.
However, Lancaster persisted in his efforts, not only claiming that Revelle had not
really been a co-author of the article and that his name had only been included ‘over
his objections’, but even suggesting that Singer must have been pressuring a sick old
man whose mental capacities were failing.
When, after Gore had become US vice-president, Lancaster repeated his charges,
Singer in April 1993 sued him for libel. And this led to a remarkable revelation. When
the two sides exchanged documents, it emerged that it was Gore who had particu-
larly pressed Lancaster about Revelle’s mental state towards the end of his life: hence
16Lancaster’s suggestions that Singer had been quite improperly exploiting Revelle’s
loss of his faculties.
But Lancaster was now prepared to agree that Revelle had in fact been ‘mentally
sharp to the end’. He also admitted that Revelle had shown him the article before it
was published, with the comment that there did not seem to be anything in it that
‘was not true’. 20
In February 1994, an ABC News presenter, Ted Koppel, revealed on his Nightline
programme that Vice President Gore had rung him in person, suggesting that he
should expose the sinister political and economic forces behind what he called the
‘anti-environmental movement’. Gore had in particular urged him to expose the fact
that Singer and other scientists who had voiced sceptical views about global warming
were receiving money from the coal industry and other fossil-fuel interests.
Such charges were already becoming an all-too familiar feature of the debate.
Anyone daring to express doubts about the ‘consensus’ might now face accusations
that they could only be expressing these views because they had been paid to do
so by energy firms, ‘Big Oil’ or even the tobacco industry. 21 But when Koppel called
Gore’s bluff by reporting the call from the vice-president on air, this attempt to use a
leading news programme to discredit his opponents provoked such political embar-
rassment that, shortly afterwards, Lancaster settled his case with Singer by issuing a
full retraction and apology. 22
This sorry episode was a further graphic illustration of how those caught up in any
form of groupthink are likely to respond to anyone who doesn’t agree with them. As
Janis showed, because the only evidence they are willing to recognise is that which
confirms their own mindset, anyone who dissents must be discredited, stereotyped
and caricatured as only doing so from some ignoble motive.
Rather than attempting to address the points dissenters are raising, these are rou-
tinely countered by ad-hominem attacks on their character. Some dark reason must
be found to explain why such people should not be listened to, such as suggesting
that they are only questioning the ‘consensus’ because they are being paid to do so.
But such propaganda tactics can only be effective so long as the illusory ‘consen-
sus’ continues to hold the moral high ground.
176
The ‘idea whose time had come’
In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that pollution,
the threat of global warming, water shortages, famine and the like would fit the
bill. . . all these dangers are caused by human intervention…the real enemy then is
humanity itself.
The First Global Revolution, Report by the Club of Rome, 1991 23
So far, we have looked in some detail at how the origins of this belief system provide
a perfect case study in the workings of groupthink, by demonstrating how all the
three stages of this archetypal pattern so quickly emerged from the very start of the
global warming story. We shall shortly follow that story in a more summary form,
looking at just some of the more conspicuous examples of how consistently Janis’s
rules continued to shape it over the years to come. But first we must briefly consider
two of the deeper psychological reasons why the global warming ‘narrative’ had so
widely and rapidly taken hold in the late 1980s, as an ‘idea whose time had come’.
The first reason was the profound shift in collective consciousness that had taken
place in the late 1950s and 1960s, giving rise to what became known as ‘environ-
mentalism’ and the ‘environmental movement’. This was the awareness that, for the
first time in history, science had given mankind the power to destroy all life on earth.
Obviously, the supreme expression of this idea was the fearful shadow cast by the
possibility of nuclear war. With the Cold War, the world was divided between two
great camps, each armed with missiles carrying hydrogen bombs, capable not just of
immediate catastrophic destruction but of spreading radioactivity so widely that it
might render large parts of the planet uninhabitable.
But this realisation also coincided with a new awareness of the damage mankind
was already inflicting on nature and the natural environment, through toxic chemi-
cals, the methods of modern agriculture, the ever-growing pollution of the seas by
indestructible plastic wastes, the pressures of over-population and the evidence that
so many species seemed now to be threatened by human activity with extinction.
In 1958 these fears had had given rise to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament,
in 1961 to the founding of WWF and in 1962 to Rachel Carson’s hugely best-selling
Silent Spring on the threat posed to wildlife by pesticides. By the end of the 1960s it
had led to the launching of the two most influential of all environmental campaigning
groups, Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, both initially focused on the nuclear
threat.
No image caught the new mood of the time better than ‘Earthrise’, the picture
of the soft blue Earth taken in 1968 from the Apollo 11 space mission, widely inter-
preted as showing how vulnerable the earth had become to the destructive powers
of humanity as ‘the only planet we’ve got’.
18In 1972 came that first ‘World Environment Conference’, organised for the UN and
shaped according to his own political agenda by Maurice Strong. In the same year,
the Club of Rome’s The Limits to Growth report, selling 37 million copies worldwide,
used a computer model to show how population growth would soon outrun food
production and natural resources, to threaten the survival of civilisation.
All this had created a mindset and a narrative which, by casting humanity as its
own worst enemy, as ‘the cuckoo in the nest of creation’, was perfectly fitted by the
late 1980s to take on board this great new scare story: that, quite apart from all the
other threats mankind was posing to the future of the planet, conceivably the worst
(apart of course from a nuclear holocaust) was the possibility that runaway global
warming created by human emissions of greenhouse gases might lead to the de-
struction of all life on earth.
This was why, as the Cold War came to an end, with the sudden collapse of the So-
viet communist empire removing the fear of nuclear war almost overnight, those en-
vironmental groups that had been founded on their opposition to nuclear weapons
and nuclear power, were able to morph seamlessly into seeing the need to fight the
threat of man-made global warming as their new great cause. They were also joined
in this by WWF, on the grounds that global warming was a serious new addition to its
prime purpose, to fight for species threatened with extinction.
The key to the success of the new cause was precisely that it made such an appeal
to the moral sense. Those caught up in it were convinced that they were supporting
the ‘good guys’ in wanting to ‘save the planet’ from a quite unprecedented catastro-
phe. But they were thus fitting into a very ancient and archetypal pattern of collective
human psychology. Ever since the biblical story of Noah, history (or myth) had been
full of episodes where it was believed that mankind was facing some immense dis-
aster that threatened the end of the world. Common to all such millennial scenarios
was the conviction that this would be a punishment for the wickedness of the human
race in having taken a morally wrong turning. And a very powerful part of the appeal
of this particular narrative was that it divided the world into the ‘bad guys’ who had
set humanity on course for disaster by persuading it down the primrose path of de-
pendence on those evil fossil fuels, and the ‘good guys’ who had finally woken up to
how dangerously mistaken this had been. By joining this new holy cause, one was
choosing to side with ‘life’ rather than continuing blindly on a course which would
otherwise bring death to all life on earth – unless humanity could be persuaded to
wake up in time, and to take the very drastic actions that alone could bring salvation.
If any form of groupthink relies on a conviction that it holds the moral high ground,
the ‘consensus’ over global warming was about to face its own first real moral chal-
lenge. This was when, for the first time, a serious scandal came to light over the inner
workings of its most prestigious authority, the IPCC.
197
The IPCC breaks its own rules: the ‘consensus’
survives its first major scandal
The members’ firm belief in the morality of their group and their use of
undifferentiated stereotypes of their opponents would enable them to minimise
conflicts between ethical values and expediency. . . ‘Since our group’s objectives
are good’, the members feel, ‘any means we decide to use must be good’ . . . Shared
negative stereotypes that feature the evil nature of the enemy would enhance their
sense of moral righteousness and their pride in the lofty mission of the in-group.
Irving Janis, Groupthink
If the IPCC is incapable of following its most basic procedures, it would be best to
abandon the entire IPCC process, or at least that part that is concerned with the
scientific evidence on climate change, and look for more reliable sources of advice
on this important question.
Professor Frederick Seitz, former President of the National Academy of Sciences 24
The scandal erupted in 1996, following the publication of the IPCC’s Second Assess-
ment Report, although on this occasion it had been decided to issue the Summary for
Policymakers some time before the release of the full report. One sentence in it had
caught worldwide headlines. It claimed that ‘the balance of evidence suggests that
there is a discernible human influence on global climate’. And the source for this was
given as Chapter 8 of the Working Group 1 report. Sure enough, when the full report
did finally appear, a similar sentence was discovered buried away in its hundreds of
pages.
But no one was more surprised by this than several of the scientific contributors
to those same pages, who had earlier signed off the text as an accurate record of
what they had agreed. These now much-quoted words had not appeared in the draft
they formally approved at a meeting in Madrid in November 1995 (also attended by
177 government delegates from 96 countries and 14 NGO representatives). 25 Partic-
ularly odd was that the only sources cited for the new wording were two papers co-
authored by one of the lead authors on this part of the report: a scientist employed
by the US government named Ben Santer. In clear breach of one of the IPCC’s strictest
rules, these two cited papers had not even yet been published.
What astonished the scientists even more, however, was to discover that no less
than 15 key statements from their agreed text had been deleted. And each of these
had expressed serious doubt over the human contribution to global warming. They
included, for instance, such statements as:
None of the studies cited above has shown clear evidence that we can attribute
the observed changes to the specific cause of increases in greenhouse gases.
20and
No study to date has positively attributed all or part (of the climate change ob-
served) to (man-made) causes.
This all seemed so irregular that, a week after the full report appeared, the Wall Street
Journal published a devastating article headed ‘Major deception on global warming’,
by one of the most respected scientists in America, Professor Frederick Seitz, a for-
mer president of the National Academy of Sciences. 26 Seitz quoted some of the 15
passages that had been so damningly deleted, thundering that:
In my more than 60 years as a member of the American scientific community,
including service as president of both the National Academy of Sciences and the
American Physical Society, I have never witnessed a more disturbing corruption
of the peer-review process than the events which led up to this IPCC report.
‘The major responsibility’ for what had happened, he suggested, must lie with the
lead author, Santer. ‘IPCC reports’, Seitz observed, ‘are often called the “consensus”
view’. But if they were to lead to ‘carbon taxes and restraints on economic growth,
they will have a major and almost certainly destructive effect on the economies of
the world’. He went on
Whatever the intent was of those who made these significant changes, their ef-
fect is to deceive policy makers and the public into believing that scientific evi-
dence shows human activities are causing global warming.
The IPCC establishment was clearly very shaken at having been caught out like this.
So unimpeachable was Seitz’s reputation that his article could not simply be ignored.
Nor was it possible to discredit him personally (although that limp effort was made
to associate him with Fred Singer, as co-authors of a paper which, it was insinuated,
must have been funded by allies of the tobacco industry).
The Wall Street Journal published defensive letters from both Bolin and Houghton,
along with one from Santer himself, (co-signed by Tom Wigley, another close adviser
of Al Gore and former director of the University of East Anglia’s CRU), all denying that
what had happened had been in breach of the IPCC’s rules.
This point was developed in a paper by another member of the IPCC establish-
ment, Stephen Schneider, who had also been present at the Madrid meeting. 27 He
did confirm that it was Santer who had been responsible for all the deletions and ad-
ditions. But he also described how, entirely within the rules (as he claimed), a little
group of scientists had then gone off into a separate room to approve the changes. 28
What only came to light two years later, in evidence to a Congressional committee,
was the sequence of events that had preceded the making of the changes. Before
the contributing scientists had signed off the text, Houghton, as the report’s editor,
received a message from the State Department in Washington, which read:
It is essential that the chapters not be finalised prior to the completion of the
discussions at the IPCC Working Group 1 Plenary in Madrid, and that chapter au-
21thors be prevailed upon to modify their text in an appropriate manner following
the discussion in Madrid. 29
This instruction had come from the office of the man who was now the US Under-
Secretary of State for Global Affairs: Timothy Wirth, the longtime close ally of Vice
President Gore and chairman of those historic Senate committee hearings in 1988.
Top of the US administration’s agenda at the time had been the effort to ensure a
successful outcome to the global climate conference due to take place in Kyoto in
1997. For this they considered it vital that the IPCC should pronounce more forcefully
than before that there could no longer be any doubt that global warming was caused
by human activity.
By any measure, this episode might have led observers to question whether the
IPCC was quite the impartial, non-political body it was purported to be. But such was
the power of the groupthink, which now held so many in its grip – not least the media
– that the dust soon settled. The authority of IPCC, as representing a ‘consensus of the
world’s top climate scientists’, emerged unscathed.
It is a fair guess that few of the 10,000 people who attended the UNFCCC’s mega-
conference in Kyoto in December 1997 were not (in every sense) fully paid-up sup-
porters of the ‘consensus’. They included 2000 official delegates – politicians, offi-
cials and academics – supported by 5000 fully-funded climate activists and members
of green lobby groups (44 from Greenpeace alone), plus 3000 representatives of the
world’s media, almost all of whom would have been sympathetic to the conference’s
aims. The star of the show was Vice President Gore, who descended by helicopter
on the main conference hotel just in time to give the opening keynote address. Also
much in evidence, though no longer chairing the occasion, was Maurice Strong, And
the purpose of the gathering was to sign the world’s first full-scale global ‘climate
treaty’ which, after months of fierce behind-the-scenes haggling, was very much on
the lines originally drawn up by Strong.
The rich industrialised nations of the West, classified as ‘Annex 1 countries’, would
agree to curb their carbon dioxide emissions, while the still ‘developing’ Annex 2
countries, including China and India, would be exempted, to allow their economies
to catch up with the West. The one-sided nature of this deal put Gore on the spot,
because it was precisely the reason why the US Senate had already voted 95-0 that
America could not accept such a treaty. But, to unanimous applause, Gore signed it
anyway.
Even though one of his close advisers, Tom Wigley, formerly director of the Univer-
sity of East Anglia’s CRU, famously calculated that the emissions cuts signed up to by
the developed countries would only slow the rise in global temperatures by six years,
the political focus over the next few years was to persuade the requisite number of
countries to ratify the treaty to bring it into force. And it had already been agreed
that Kyoto was only a first step, to be replaced by another, much tougher treaty a few
22years down the line.
For all this, it was vital for the IPCC to step up the pressure with its next report,
due in 2001. This was to lead to what would become, scientifically, the most revealing
episode in its history.
8 The ‘consensus’ fudges the evidence
He who controls the past, controls the future. He who controls the present, controls
the past.
George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four
Up to now, it seemed the global warming theory was looking ever more plausible.
As carbon dioxide levels continued to rise, so did the trend in global temperatures,
seemingly just as predicted. But the one problem which more than anything worried
the little group of scientists at the heart of the IPCC was the long-held assumption
that during the Middle Ages – the so-called Medieval Warm Period – the world had
been even hotter than it had become in the late-20th century. Obviously, this was
centuries before it could have been blamed on man-made carbon dioxide. 30
The story of how the IPCC got around this problem has long been familiar and
fully-documented. 31 It began in 1995 with a famous email from one of the little group
of scientists at the heart of the IPCC, Jonathan Overpeck, to another scientist whom
he assumed agreed with the ‘consensus’. In it, Overpeck said ‘we have to get rid of the
Mediaeval Warm Period’.
Four years later, bang on cue, there appeared in Nature a graph, produced by a
hitherto unknown young PhD, Michael Mann, which supplied just what was needed.
Mann and two colleagues had wholly rewritten the accepted picture of historic world
temperatures. Their graph showed temperatures having steadily declined over the
past millennium in an almost unwavering downward line, until suddenly, in the late
20th century, they dramatically spiked upwards to by far their highest level in 1000
years (thus giving the graph the shape of the handle and blade of an ice-hockey stick).
The Medieval Warm Period had completely disappeared. So had the four-centuries-
long Little Ice Age. And it further helped that 1998 had been measured as the hottest
year since modern temperature records began, bringing the graph to its suitably ter-
rifying climax.
This was everything those at the top of the IPCC could have wanted. When its
Third Assessment Report appeared in 2001, the ‘hockey-stick’ not only led the first
page of the Summary for Policymakers but at the launch of the report, Houghton
appeared to the media in front of a huge blow-up of Mann’s graph. It also appeared
five more times in the report itself. It was this startling image as much as anything
that encouraged the Summary to go even further than its predecessors in claiming
23that ‘there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over
the past 50 years is attributable to human activity’, and to predict that, within 100
years, global temperatures could have risen by as much as 5.8 ◦ C, much higher than
anything suggested before. 32
But it was also the strangely familiar hockey stick shape which, a year or two later,
caught the attention of Steve McIntyre, a Canadian expert in statistics. As an industrial
consultant, the shape of the hockey stick aroused his suspicion because he had often
seen similar graphs produced by companies wishing to give an exaggeratedly opti-
mistic picture of their future business prospects. When McIntyre and a Canadian eco-
nomics professor, Ross McKitrick, used their expertise to analyse the way Mann had
constructed the graph, they became increasingly astonished. In essence it seemed
that Mann’s algorithm was ‘mining’ the underlying data for hockey-stick shapes, and
therefore would give a hockey stick result from whatever data was fed into it. In fact,
although the graph purported to show temperatures over the past 1000 years for
the whole of the Northern Hemisphere, Mann’s initial ‘proxy’ temperature data had
largely consisted just of tree-rings from North America (a notoriously unreliable way
to measure past temperatures). But almost the only trees from the sample which ac-
tually had a hockey-stick shape had been one group of bristlecone pines in California.
Yet Mann’s algorithm had given these 390 times more weight than a tree-ring sam-
ple from Arkansas which had failed to show a ‘hockey stick’ shape. Finally, and even
more oddly, the temperatures for the closing decades of the 20th century were not
based on tree-ring proxies at all. They were thermometer-recorded data, and in the
much-publicised version of the graph published in the IPCC’s 2001 report, they had
been spliced onto the end of the tree-ring data. 33 It was only this combination of two
wholly different data sources which gave the graph that final, eye-catching uptick.
Initially McIntyre and McKitrick had great difficulty in getting any scientific journal
to publish their findings. Nature, which had originally published the graph and had
long been a highly partisan advocate for the ‘consensus’, flatly refused to allow them
to explain what their meticulous analysis had revealed. 34 But once they had found a
journal willing to publish their findings, it became increasingly clear that the IPCC es-
tablishment had again been seriously caught out, and this time on the very ‘evidence’
it had made the single most widely publicised argument for their cause.
We later learned from the Climategate emails, leaked in 2009 from CRU, just what
angst and anger this had aroused among that same intimately connected group of
scientists who were now at the heart of the IPCC. In the exchanges of emails all their
names were there: Mann himself, Ben Santer, Tom Wigley, Stephen Schneider, Jonathan
Overpeck, Kevin Trenberth, and Gavin Schmidt, who was Hansen’s number two at
GISS and in charge of one of the two main global surface temperature records. At
East Anglia itself, their close ally, CRU director Phil Jones, was responsible for the other
surface record, HadCRUt.
24What these emails also brought to light was that, just when Mann had been cre-
ating his ‘hockey-stick’, Jones’s CRU colleague Keith Briffa had already been trying to
produce a remarkably similar graph, also based on tree-ring ‘proxies’, this time from
Siberia. But these had also frustratingly seemed to show a marked falling off of tem-
peratures in the second half of the 20th century, which showed that they were not
proxies for temperature at all. It was this problem that led to the most quoted of all
the Climategate emails, describing how they had used ‘Mike’s Nature trick’ to ‘hide the
decline’. In other words, they had cut off the tree-ring sequence just where it wasn’t
giving the picture they wanted, and then, like Mann, incorporated thermometer tem-
peratures for recent decades, making them look much warmer than the medieval era.
Once out in the open, the ‘hockey-stick’ controversy continued tortuously to roll
on for two more years. Two of Mann’s closest academic colleagues, publicly champi-
oned by Houghton, pulled out all the stops to ensure that the next IPCC report, due
in 2007, would include evidence confirming the accuracy of the ‘hockey stick’. 35
In fact, since 2001, there had been two significant changes at the top of the IPCC.
Houghton himself had stepped down as head of Working Group I, responsible for the
science of climate change. In 2002, it had been given, for political reasons, a new
chairman, Dr Rajendra Pachauri, the obscure director of a small, Delhi-based research
institute, TERI. Pachauri had formerly been a railway engineer, before getting a PhD
in the ‘economics of energy’. He had no background in climate science. 36
In 2006 Mann’s graph was the subject of two separate Congressional inquiries.
One included several of his supporters, who made sure that its findings were not too
obviously damaging. The other commissioned a report from Dr Edward Wegman,
one of America’s most respected statisticians, which was fiercely critical of Mann’s
methodology. In a line which could almost have come from Irving Janis, Wegman
wrote that Mann’s academic supporters were
…a tightly-knit group of individuals who passionately believe in their thesis. How-
ever, our perception is that this group has a self-reinforcing feedback mecha-
nism.
In other words, the group’s method was to discuss, peer-review and cite each other’s
work, to maximise the authority of their shared view. But despite all their efforts, care-
fully orchestrated by their allies inside the IPCC, and despite further breaches of the
IPCC’s strict prohibition on citing papers not yet published, the final report’s defence
of Mann was pretty well buried away. Its only repetition of his graph was so scrambled
together with others in a ‘spaghetti’ diagram that it was barely visible.
Although the ‘hockey stick’ had now been so widely discredited that it had all but
sunk from view, it would continue to be used by supporters of the ‘consensus’ as if
none of this had happened. In the eyes of politicians and the media, the prestige of
the IPCC remained as high as ever.
259
When groupthink meets the outside world
Sir David King goes to Moscow
They revealed an absolute – and I stress absolute – inability to answer questions . . .
when it became clear that they could not provide a substantive answer to a
question . . . attempts were made to disrupt the seminar. At least four times during
the course of the seminar, ugly scenes were staged which prevented the seminar
from proceeding normally. As a result we lost at least four hours of working time.
Vladimir Putin’s chief economic adviser speaking of the behaviour of the British
delegation led by Sir David King at an international conference on global warming
in Moscow in 2004
History can provide few more remarkable examples of the power of groupthink than
the scale on which, by the early years of the 21st century, the supporters of the ‘con-
sensus’ had now taken over every major scientific institution in the Western world. 37
Every prestigious scientific body, led by the Royal Society in Britain and the National
Academy of Sciences in America, every reputable scientific journal such as Nature and
Science, every university (and pretty well the entire education system) was by now not
just committed to the official orthodoxy but evangelising for the cause.
Scientists from almost any discipline were vying to produce ever more scary sce-
narios of how polar ice would melt, sea levels rise, and droughts, floods, hurricanes
and killer heatwaves become more frequent, not least because this was now the eas-
iest way to get access to public funding for any research which could be related, how-
ever tangentially, to ‘climate change’.
But these scientists and academics were all operating from within the ‘consen-
sus’ bubble. This meant that they only talked to each other, confident that they all
shared the same a-priori assumptions. In their exchanges with their colleagues and
at their endless publicly-funded conferences, they never met anyone who might dis-
agree with them or ask awkward questions.
But we now recall two examples of what happened on the very rare occasions
when those inside the bubble inadvertently came up against genuine experts from
outside it. The first was the experience of Sir David King who, since 2000, had been
the chief scientific adviser to the British government under Tony Blair. In 2004, with
the US still failing to ratify Kyoto, Blair was bidding to take the international lead in
getting enough countries to ratify the treaty for it to come into force. And he now
sent King into battle to support him.
As a specialist in surface chemistry, King had no qualifications in climate science
whatever. But in January 2004 this did not stop him writing in Science that global
warming was now the ‘most severe’ problem facing mankind, ‘a far greater threat to
the world than terrorism’. King attacked President George W. Bush for failing to bring
26the US, as the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitter, into line (overlooking the fact
that it was the US Senate that had unanimously vetoed even signing the treaty, let
alone ratifying it).
In March, King went much further, warning a committee of MPs that the South
Pole had already lost 40 percent of its ice and that the melting of the polar ice caps
could cause a shift in the Gulf Stream, which would lower temperatures in Britain and
Europe by as much as 10 ◦ C. This ‘could happen quite suddenly’, said King, as could the
‘switching off’ of the Indian monsoon. ‘There could be a point, and it is quite likely’, he
went on, where temperatures rose too high for tropical forests to survive, ‘so that they
would switch from being net absorbers of carbon dioxide to net emitters’. This could
trigger a repeat of what had happened 55 million years ago, when carbon dioxide
rose to 1000 parts per million of the atmosphere. Most of the Earth was so hot that
this made ‘Antarctica virtually the only place on the planet which was habitable’. 38
The British politicians might have been ready to believe all this, but four months
later King found a very different audience when, at Blair’s request, he led a team of
British scientists to Moscow, to take part in an international seminar organised for the
Russian Academy of Sciences by President Putin’s chief economic adviser, Alexander
Ilarionov. King’s mission was to persuade the Russians to ratify Kyoto, which would
at last bring the treaty into force. But Russia’s leading scientists could not have been
more opposed to the Western ‘consensus’ that carbon dioxide was the chief driver of
global warming. And when King saw that the list of speakers invited to address the
conference included some of the world’s leading scientists who were most sceptical
of the IPCC ‘consensus’, he furiously described them as ‘undesirables’, saying that they
should not be allowed to speak. 39
When it was insisted that the seminar would continue as planned, the gathering
was astonished by the behaviour of King and his colleagues. They ran on for much
longer than their allotted time, frequently interrupted other speakers, and on four
occasions caused the proceedings to break up in such disorder that they had to be
suspended. The climax came when King himself was at the podium, putting forward
the ‘consensus’ view on one of its favourite memes: that global warming was respon-
sible for the melting of the ice cap on Kilimanjaro. One of those in the audience who
could see that King had no idea what he was talking about was Professor Paul Reiter,
the world’s leading authority on insect-borne diseases, such as malaria. As an adviser
to the World Health Organization, he had contributed to the IPCC’s 1996 report, but
had been strongly critical of its claim that global warming would cause a spread of
diseases. And he had already aroused King’s ire at the conference, by detailing where
the IPCC had got the science on his own subject so badly wrong.
Reiter now stood up to explain politely that King seemed unaware of the several
expert studies which had shown that the shrinking of the Kilimanjaro ice cap had
nothing to do with global warming. The ice had been melting since the 1880s. Most
27of its retreat had been in the years before 1950. Its cause had been local deforestation,
which had led to a severe drop in precipitation. Unable to answer Reiter’s points, King
broke off mid-sentence of a halting reply and led his t
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Adelaide Metro is Adelaide's public transport system. We can help you get around the metropolitan area by bus, train or tram. All you need is a metroCARD. Use our journey planner or real-time arrivals to find your next service.
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Public transport system around Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide MetroParentGovernment of South AustraliaFounded23 April 2000HeadquartersAdelaideService areaAdelaideService typeBus (Includes O-Bahn), Tram & TrainOperatorTorrens Transit
Busways
Keolis Downer (SouthLink)Websiteadelaidemetro.com.au
Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of the Adelaide area, around the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train services throughout the metropolitan area. The network has an annual patronage of 79.9 million, of which 51 million journeys are by bus, 15.6 million by train, and 9.4 million by tram.[1] The system has evolved heavily over the past fifteen years, and patronage increased dramatically during the 2014–15 period, a 5.5 percent increase on the 2013 figures due to electrification of frequented lines.[2][3]
Adelaide Metro began in 2000 with the privatisation of existing government-operated bus routes. The Glenelg tram line is the only one of Adelaide's tramways to survive the 1950s and the only one to be integrated into the current system. Services are now run by two private operators[dubious – discuss] and united with common ticketing systems, marketing, liveries and signage under the supervision of the state government's Department for Infrastructure and Transport. Since the 2010s, energy sustainability and eco-friendly transport has been a major focus for Adelaide Metro. Hence, the fleet has been progressively upgraded with electric trains and solar-powered buses–one of which, known as the Tindo electric bus, is 100% solar powered and the first of its kind in the world.[4][5] Despite this, as of 2016, almost 80 percent of Adelaide's metropolitan buses still run on diesel fuel rather than biodiesel or batteries.[6]
Adelaide Metro has faced criticism for punctuality issues, "unreliable" services, ageing buses and incidents of severely coarse language, racism, and assault on some lines.[7] The complaints increased since the system switched to a private operator in October 2011. Adelaide Metro received 7,562 feedback reports–more than 40 a day–in 2012. In order to counteract these problems and increase accountability, performance data will now be published weekly as opposed to quarterly by Adelaide Metro. This will highlight how trains and buses are performing in terms of punctuality and service, as well as comparisons to interstate public transport. The 2014 service figures indicate that the system performed slightly better in 2014 than it did the previous year.[8]
History
[edit]
The Adelaide Metro is a brand introduced in April 2000, following the second round of tenders privatisation of formerly government-operated bus services.[9][10]
The public transport system in Adelaide has previously been known under several names. The State Transport Authority was formed in 1974, combining the metropolitan rail operations of the former South Australian Railways Commission, and the bus and tram operations of the former Municipal Tramways Trust. Adelaide removed almost all tramlines from the 1930s to 1958 leaving only the Glenelg line. This tramline was extended in 2007 by the Department of Transport, Energy & Infrastructure (DTEI), and again to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre in 2010. In July 1994, the STA was abolished and government public transport services were transferred to TransAdelaide, a publicly owned corporation.
In 1995–96, there was a partial tendering of the bus services. TransAdelaide retained three contract regions, Serco won two contract regions, and Hills Transit a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, one.[11][12] Services were run and marketed under each operator's name, presenting a disjointed network to the public.
The 2000 round of tenders ended TransAdelaide's direct operation of bus services, while retaining the train and tram services. Serco won the North-South, Outer North, and Outer North-East contract areas. SouthLink won the Outer South contract area. Torrens Transit won the East-West contract area. City Free services and Transitplus, a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, won the Hills contract area.[12] The Adelaide Metro brand was applied across all transport operators, appearing to the public as a unified network, with common livery, timetable designs and a city Information Centre.
Environmental Incentives
[edit]
The State Government has pledged that the Adelaide Metro would use cleaner fuels like biodiesel and natural gas in an effort to make Adelaide a carbon neutral city. In 2016, nearly 80 percent of the Adelaide Metro buses ran on diesel, which is harmful for the environment due to the presence of sulfur.[6] In 2023, the state government announced that a feasibility study was underway to replace Adelaide Metro's ageing diesel train fleet with zero-emission technology.[13]
Services
[edit]
Buses
[edit]
Main article: Buses in Adelaide
The largest element of Adelaide's public transport system is a fleet of diesel and natural gas powered buses. The majority of services terminate in the Adelaide city centre, suburban railway stations or shopping centre interchanges. As contracts are revised for privatised bus operations, more cross suburban routes are added to the network. In the past, bus routes were largely focused on moving passengers from the suburbs to the CBD.
A major component of the Adelaide Metro bus service is the O-Bahn guided busway to Modbury, carrying around 9 million passengers a year. From its opening in 1986 until August 2011 it was the world's longest busway, with a length of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). It remains the world's fastest busway with a maximum permitted speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). Away from the O-Bahn, whilst there have been dedicated bus lanes and bus-only signal phases at some traffic lights provided for a number of years, a major improvement to bus priority and reliability arrived with the delivery in July 2012 of the CBD Bus Lane project.[14]
Adelaide Metro buses are split up geographically into six contract regions:
Region Operator (until June 2020)[15] Operator (from July 2020)[16] Comments North-South Torrens Transit Torrens Connect Torrens Connect have an integrated bus and light rail contract, which includes the Free City Connector bus, O-Bahn services and the Glenelg tram line East-West Torrens Transit Torrens Transit Outer North-East Torrens Transit Torrens Transit Outer South SouthLink Busways Outer North SouthLink Torrens Transit Hills SouthLink SouthLink
The new contracts began in July 2020 for a period of eight years, with an option to extend for two years.[17]
Former operators which had operated Adelaide Metro services in the past but no longer operate in Adelaide are:
Serco – ended its contract in 2004, at the contracted half-term break-point, after failing to renegotiate its contract on better terms. Serco had previously informed the Minister for Transport that it was not willing to continue to operate the bus services for a further five years on the terms contained in the then existing Contract. Serco had made a submission to the Department of Transport & Urban Planning proposing to operate the bus services in the contract areas on new terms and conditions. The submission was rejected and the contracts retendered.[12][18]
Transitplus – following the abolition of joint owner TransAdelaide in late 2010, Transitplus services were taken over by joint owner Australian Transit Enterprises' SouthLink.
Light-City Buses – operated the North-South and Outer North East contract areas, including the 300 Suburban Connector and O-Bahn services, from 2011 until its purchase by Torrens Transit in 2018.[19][20]
Trains
[edit]
Main article: Railways in Adelaide
The Adelaide suburban railway network consists of six lines operated by Keolis Downer under contract to the Government of South Australia since January 2021.[21][22] In 2023, the state government announced that rail services would return to public ownership in January 2025, fulfilling an election commitment by the South Australian Labor Party.[23]
Until 2014, the suburban network was the only one in Australia to operate solely with diesel railcars. Between 2013–2014, the full lengths of the Seaford and Tonsley lines were electrified, as well as the adjacent segment of the Belair line from Goodwood to its terminus at Adelaide.[24] Electric trains have run on the Seaford and Tonsley lines since 2014. Although the original plans were to electrify the remaining three lines, they were abandoned in 2012.[25] The Gawler line was electrified in 2022.
As at July 2019, the fleet consists of 70 3000/3100 class diesel railcars and 22 three-carriage 4000 class electric multiple units.[26] All remaining 2000/2100 class train cars were retired from service in August 2015.
Adelaide's rail lines all run into Adelaide railway station in the CBD. They are:
Line Length First service Information Electrified Map Belair 21.5 km (13.36 mi) 1883 Adelaide to Bridgewater opened 1883, Belair to Bridgewater closed 1987. The Adelaide to Melbourne main line via Belair and Bridgewater was converted to standard gauge in 1995, leaving one broad-gauge track from Goodwood to Belair. Between Adelaide and Goodwood Gawler 42.2 km (26.22 mi) 1857 Adelaide to Gawler opened 1857, Gawler to Gawler Central opened 1911. Grange 5.5 km (3.42 mi) 1882 Woodville to Grange opened 1882. Grange to Henley Beach 1894–1957, now demolished. Services share use of the Outer Harbor line until branching at Woodville. — Outer Harbor 10.2 km (6.34 mi) 1856 Adelaide to Port Dock opened 1856, Port Adelaide to Outer Harbor opened 1908. — Port Dock 12.0 kilometres (7.5 miles) 1856 Adelaide to Port Dock opened 1856, Port Dock spur closed 1981, rebuilt 2024. Services share use of the Outer Harbor line until branching north of Alberton. — Not Available Seaford 35.9 km (22.31 mi) 1913 Adelaide to Marino opened 1913, Marino to Hallett Cove opened 1915, Lonsdale to Christie Downs opened 1976, Christie Downs to Noarlunga Centre opened 1978, Noarlunga Centre to Seaford opened 2014. Flinders 4.5 km (2.80 mi) 1966 Woodlands Park to Tonsley opened 1966, Tonsley to Flinders opened 2020. Services share usage of the Seaford line until branching at Woodlands Park.
Rolling stock
[edit]
Class Image Type Top speed
(km/h) Builders Built Number Lines Served Notes 3000 DMU 130 Comeng
Clyde Engineering 1988–1996 30 Belair
Grange
Outer Harbor
Port Dock Interiors refurbished 2011 and 2021–22.
Mechanically refurbished 2018–19.
3100 40 2-car sets 4000
(A-City) EMU 110 Bombardier
Alstom[a] 2013–2015,
2019–2023 34 3-car sets Gawler
Seaford
Flinders
Trams
[edit]
Adelaide's once extensive tram network was dismantled in the middle of the 20th century, leaving only the Glenelg tram running 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) between Victoria Square in the city-centre and Moseley Square on the beachfront at Glenelg. The majority of the line is on a dedicated corridor though the western suburbs, and travels on roadway in the city from the terminus to South Terrace and along Jetty Road in Glenelg.
An extension of the line from Victoria Square down King William Street then along North Terrace opened in October 2007.[27] A further extension along Port Road to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre opened in December 2009. The line has stops adjacent to key city points, including Rundle Mall, the Adelaide Railway Station and the City West campus of the University of South Australia.[28][29]
A 2018 extension added stops adjacent to more key locations including the Festival Theatre, the Art Gallery, the University of Adelaide and the Adelaide Botanic Garden.[30] Construction this new junction, branch lines along the eastern end of North Terrace and King William Road and four new stops began in July/August 2017 and opened in October 2018.[31] There is no fare charged on certain sections of the line.
The line is operated from Glengowrie depot, with 15 Bombardier Flexity Classic trams built between 2005 and 2010[32] and nine Alstom Citadis trams that were built for, but were surplus to their needs of Metro Ligero, Madrid in 2009.[33][34][35] The latter were modified by Yarra Trams' Preston Workshops before entering service. A further three unused former Madrid Citadis trams entered service in 2018.[36][37]
In July 2019, the government announced the provision of tram services would be contracted out.[38] Torrens Connect began operating the trams in July 2020.[16] As part of an election commitment, the government announced in 2023 that tram services would return to public ownership by July 2025.[23]
Interchanges
[edit]
According to Adelaide Metro, interchanges "provide convenient connections between buses and trains. Many also feature Park 'n' Ride services and bike storage."[39]
Aberfoyle Interchange – Located in the southern suburbs at the Aberfoyle Hub Shopping Centre with connections to Chandlers Hill, the City and Old Reynella
Arndale Interchange – Located in the north western suburbs at the Arndale Central Shopping Centre
Blackwood Interchange – Located in the south eastern suburbs in the Adelaide Hills and provides train transfers from the Belair line with bus connections to Upper Sturt, Stirling, Crafers and Aldgate
Crafers Park 'n' Ride Interchange – Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections available to Piccadilly, Stirling, Mount Barker and Blackwood
Elizabeth Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Salisbury, Munno Para, and Smithfield
Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre – Located in the mid-southern suburbs, these two interchanges (located close together) connect to Marion Interchange, City, Glenelg and the Outer-South.
Glanville Interchange – Located at the bottom of Semaphore Road and provides bus and train transfers from the Outer Harbor line to Port Adelaide, and Osborne
Golden Grove Village – Located in the Outer North-East, may services from the O-Bahn continue to here and connect to Salisbury, Greenwith and Fairview Park
Klemzig Interchange – Located in the inner north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Oakden and the Circle Line. Intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Marion Interchange – Located in the Mid-South, one of Adelaide's biggest interchanges, connections to City, Glenelg, the Outer-South and Blackwood station
Mawson Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line and bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Adelaide, Mawson Lakes and Salisbury
Mount Barker Dumas Street Park 'n' Ride – Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections are available to Strathalbyn (operated by non-metroticket service), Nairne, Murray Bridge (via non-metroticket service operated by LinkSA) and Lobethal via Hahndorf
Noarlunga Centre Interchange
Old Reynella Bus Interchange and Colonnades Shopping Centre – Located in Adelaide's southern suburbs and interconnects trains services on the Seaford line with bus services to the outer southern suburbs including Aldinga, Seaford and Moana
Paradise Interchange – Located in the north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Para Hills, Athelstone, Newton and Campbelltown, intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Salisbury Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Paralowie, Burton, Virginia, Greenwith, Elizabeth, Hillbank, Greenfields, Mawson Lakes and Parafield Gardens
Smithfield Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Munno Para, Craigmore and Andrews Farm
Tea Tree Plaza Interchange – Located in the north-eastern suburbs at the Westfield Tea Tree Plaza and the Tea Tree Plus Shopping Centres, terminus of the O-Bahn Busway
Ticketing
[edit]
Main article: metroCARD
The Adelaide Metro ticketing system is multi-modal, meaning that one ticket can be used to transfer between trains, trams and buses, regardless of the service provider. In September 1987, the Metroticket system developed by Crouzet was introduced.[40][41] This used magnetic strip technology. In 2010, a contract to introduce the metroCARD smartcard ticketing system was awarded to Affiliated Computer Services.[42] It was rolled out in November 2012.[43] The older system was phased out in 2015.
In 2021, as part of a staged upgrade to Adelaide Metro's ticketing system, contactless payments have been rolled out on all trams, allowing passengers to use debit and credit cards to pay for fares.[44] In 2022, this roll-out continued on O-Bahn bus services, and as of 2023, is now rolling out network-wide, including all remaining buses, and trains.[45][46]
In 2024, Adelaide Metro released the Adelaide Metro Buy & Go App, this app allows passengers to buy tickets to be used on Buses, Tram and train leaving the Adelaide Railway Station. The app will be rolled out to all train users by late 2025
See also
[edit]
Buses in Adelaide
Commuter rail in Australia
metroCARD
O-Bahn Busway
Railways in Adelaide
Rail transport in South Australia
State Transport Authority, South Australia
Trams in Adelaide
Transport in Adelaide
Transport in South Australia
TransAdelaide
List of public transport routes in Adelaide
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
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https://www.lusha.com/business/80bf9536a7361982/
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Email Address & Phone Number
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2023-01-02T10:46:23+00:00
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Reach decision-makers at ADELAIDE METRO. Find their phone numbers & email addresses. It’s free. - Lusha
|
en
|
Lusha
|
https://www.lusha.com/business/80bf9536a7361982/
|
Reach More Decision-Makers with Scale Plans
Let us show you how our accurate B2B company and contact data can help you reach the right decision makers and close more deals.
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dbpedia
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https://www.arrivalguides.com/en/Travelguide/ADELAIDE/essentialinformation/adelaide-international-airport-23488
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Adelaide Airport (ADL) - Adelaide
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ArrivalGuides.com
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http://www.arrivalguides.com/en/Travelguide/ADELAIDE/essentialinformation/adelaide-airport-adl-23488
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Our travel guides are free to read and explore online. If you want to get your own copy, the full travel guide for this destination is available to you offline* to bring along anywhere or print for your trip.
*this will be downloaded as a PDF.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransAdelaide
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TransAdelaide
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2004-12-22T11:03:14+00:00
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransAdelaide
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A Pressed Metal Corporation South Australia bodied MAN SL200 ca. 1997Government owned corporation overviewFormed4 July 1994Preceding Government owned corporationDissolved31 August 2010Superseding agencyJurisdictionAdelaideHeadquartersAdelaideEmployees729 (June 2010)Websitewww.transadelaide.com.au
TransAdelaide was a publicly owned corporation established in July 1994, which provided suburban train, tram and bus services in Adelaide, South Australia, under contract to the Government of South Australia. It took over these responsibilities from the State Transport Authority.
History
[edit]
TransAdelaide operated local bus services in Adelaide until April 2000. All metropolitan bus routes were transferred to private companies Light-City Buses, SouthLink and Torrens Transit.
TransAdelaide continued to operate rail services under the Adelaide Metro brand. TransAdelaide was abolished in August 2010, with its staff and functions transferred to the newly created Office of the Rail Commissioner.[1][2]
TransAdelaide operated all suburban railway services in Adelaide on the Belair, Gawler, Grange, Noarlunga Centre, Outer Harbor and Tonsley lines.[3]
After retiring the last of the ageing Redhen railcars in 1996, TransAdelaide operated 99 broad-gauge diesel railcars, split into two classes and four types, the diesel-hydraulic 2000/2100 class and the diesel-electric 3000/3100 class.[4] All were maintained by Bombardier Transportation at a central depot adjacent to Adelaide station.
TransAdelaide also operated the Glenelg tram line.
Fleet table
[edit]
Class Image Type Top speed Number Routes operated Built mph km/h Limit
mph/h Limit
km/h 2000 Jumbos Diesel multiple unit 87 140 56 90 11 Gawler, Grange, Noarlunga Centre, Outer Harbor, Tonsley 1980 2100 Jumbos Control car 87 140 56 90 18 Gawler, Grange, Noarlunga Centre, Outer Harbor, Tonsley 1980 3000 Diesel-electric multiple unit 87 140 56 90 30 All Routes
Except Glenelg Tramline 1987- 3100 Diesel-electric multiple unit 87 140 56 90 40 All Routes
Except Glenelg Tramline 1988–96 Bombardier Flexity Classic Tram -- -- 50 80 15 Glenelg 2006 Alstom Citadis Tram -- -- -- -- 6 Glenelg 2009
Past fleet
[edit]
TransAdelaide inherited some Redhen railcars from the State Transport Authority. The final units were retired in October 1996.
Type H trams were the mainstay of the Glenelg tram line for the 77 years. They operated after the line was converted from a steam railway to an electrified tramway in 1929, through to the trams' retirement in 2006. They were replaced by Bombardier Flexity Classic and Alstom Citadis low-floor trams, which now also run on an extension of the line through Adelaide city centre.
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Noarlunga Centre Rail Station
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Noarlunga Centre Rail Station Noarlunga Centre Interchange is the terminus of the Noarlunga Centre line, a part of the suburban railway system in Adelaide, South Australia.
Noarlunga Centre is 30.2...
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http://wikimapia.org/36806/Noarlunga-Centre-Rail-Station
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Noarlunga Centre Rail Station (Adelaide)
Australia / South Australia / Adelaide
World / Australia / South Australia / Adelaide World / Australia / South Australia
railway, bus station
Noarlunga Centre Interchange is the terminus of the Noarlunga Centre line, a part of the suburban railway system in Adelaide, South Australia.
Noarlunga Centre is 30.2 km (19 miles) by rail from Adelaide station, and is a major transportation hub for Adelaide’s southern metropolitan area. The station has a bus interchange directly alongside and is adjacent to a large commuter Park-and-Ride facility.
Noarlunga Centre is an important regional centre for shopping, recreation and various government services. The headquarters of the City of Onkaparinga are located here and other facilities within easy reach of the rail and bus stations include a large shopping centre, a hospital, a TAFE college, cinemas, and a swimming pool. Combined with its role as a transport interchange, these make Noarlunga Centre one of the busiest stations on the Adelaide suburban rail system.
Noarlunga Centre is one of the few railway stations on the TransAdelaide network with a staffed ticket office. It has also been designated a Safer Station with enhanced lighting, CCTV surveillance and security help phones provided.
Rail and bus services
All rail services are provided by TransAdelaide using diesel railcars. There are no freight trains to Noarlunga Centre.
Trains to and from Adelaide operate every 30 minutes at off-peak times on Monday to Friday, and through the day on Saturday and Sunday. Before 11am and after 2pm on weekdays, the frequency is increased to one train every 15 minutes. In the evening, services run every hour.
In peak hours, there are ten trains departing to Adelaide between 7am and 9am. Ten services leave Adelaide for Noarlunga Centre between 4pm and 6pm. Two trains in each direction are non-stop expresses, used by the significant number of city workers who either park their vehicle or transfer from buses at Noarlunga Centre.
Local buses from Noarlunga Centre Interchange use the Adelaide Metro integrated ticketing system and are scheduled to connect with trains to and from Adelaide. Buses from Noarlunga Centre provide links to many of the southern suburbs and beaches, such as Port Noarlunga, Seaford, Moana, Aldinga Beach, and Sellicks Beach. Current details are available from Adelaide Metro.
Bus services are currently operated by SouthLink under contract to the S.A. Government’s Office of Public Transport.
Rail operations
Layout of rail tracks at Noarlunga Centre.The original station at Noarlunga Centre was built with an island platform between the two rail tracks and the ticket office on the bridge above. Passengers accessed the platforms via escalators or a ramp and typically had a long walk between trains and buses.
In recent years a third platform face has been constructed alongside the western track, and the TransAdelaide ticket office has been relocated onto the platform level. The project was completed in March 2004, since when most trains have used this western track giving passengers safer and more direct access to connecting buses.
There are no storage facilities for trains at Noarlunga Centre. However a number of the extra railcars needed for peak-hour services on the line are stabled overnight in secure sidings at Port Stanvac, around 4 km (2½ miles) north and just beyond Lonsdale station.
All signalling at Noarlunga Centre is controlled remotely from TransAdelaide’s computerised train control centre at Adelaide station.
History
Prior to the railway line being extended in the mid-1970s, most local trains from Adelaide had terminated at either Marino, or at Hallett Cove, a station on the closed line to Willunga.
The South Australian Railways and its successor, the State Transport Authority (STA), extended the railway southwards in stages from Hallett Cove to cater for increasing residential development in the southern area. Opening dates for passenger services were:-
To Hallett Cove Beach on 30 June 1974.
To Christie Downs on 25 January 1976. This was a temporary terminus just north of Beach Road and adjacent to Hyacinth Crescent, Christie Downs. It was a different location to today’s Christie Downs station, which opened later, in November 1981.
To Noarlunga Centre station on 2 April 1978.
[ Seaford Extension
End of the line at Noarlunga Interchange in 2006. The line will continue beyond here if the Seaford Extension is built.Since the 1990s, there has been significant residential development at Seaford, south of Noarlunga Centre. In recent years there have been several proposals to extend the rail line southwards from Noarlunga Interchange to serve the Seaford district. A corridor of land has been reserved, in which new building and development is not allowed.
Most recently, in January 2006 (just prior to a state election in March 2006) the South Australian Minister for Infrastructure announced a new study into the feasibility of extending the line 5.5 km to Seaford. The line would cross the Onkaparinga River via a new bridge, with stations at Seaford Meadows and Seaford.
The Seaford Extension is a key project in South Australia's Strategic Plan, which aims to double the use of public transport to 10 percent of weekday travel by 2018. If the AU$100 million project is eventually approved by the state government, construction is likely to commence between 2010 and 2015.
Nearby cities:
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https://www.rail-pass.com/adelaide-metro-south-australia
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Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train service throughout the
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Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train service throughout the metropolitan area to 63 million riders
|
en
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https://www.rail-pass.com/adelaide-metro-south-australia
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Home > Australia Rail Pass
Australia Rail Tickets > Adelaide Metro (South Australia)
Adelaide Metro (South Australia)
Adelaide Metro (South Australia)
Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train service throughout the metropolitan area to 63 million riders annually, with an average daily ridership of 33,000 people. The system has evolved heavily over the past fifteen years, and patronage increased dramatically during the 2014–15 period, a 5.5 percent increase on the 2013 figures due to electrification of frequented lines.
Adelaide Metro began in 2000 with the privatisation of existing government-operated bus and train routes. The Glenelg tram, the only of Adelaide's tramways to survive the 1950s, was also integrated into the current system. Services are now run by four private operators and united with common ticketing systems, marketing, and livery and signage under the supervision of South Australia's Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure. Since the last fifteen years, energy sustainability and eco-friendly transport has been a major focus for Adelaide Metro; in recent years the fleet has been upgraded with electric trains and solar-powered buses–one of which (known as the Tindo electric bus) is 100% solar powered and the first of its kind in the world. Despite this, almost 80 percent of Adelaide's metropolitan buses still run on diesel fuel instead of more environmentally friendly fuel like biodiesel.
Adelaide Metro has faced criticism for punctuality issues, "unreliable" services, ageing buses and incidents of severely coarse language, racism, and assault on some lines. The complaints increased since the system switched to a private operator in October 2011. The Adelaide Metro received 7,562 feedback reports–more than 40 a day–in 2012. In order to counteract these problems and increase accountability, performance data will now be published weekly as opposed to quarterly by the Adelaide Metro. This will highlight how trains and buses are performing in terms of punctuality and service, as well as comparisons to interstate public transport. The 2014 service figures indicate that the system performed slightly better in 2014 than it did the previous year
Adelaide Metro History
The Adelaide Metro is a brand introduced in April 2000 following the second round of tenders privatisation of formerly government-operated bus services.
Previously, the public transport system in Adelaide has been known under several names. The State Transport Authority was formed in 1974, combining the metropolitan rail operations of the former South Australian Railways Commission, and the bus and tram operations of the former Municipal Tramways Trust. Adelaide removed all tramlines during the 1960s leaving only the Glenelg line. This tramline was extended in 2007 by the Department Of Transport, Energy & Infrastructure (DTEI), and again to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre in 2010. In July 1994, the STA was abolished and government public transport services were transferred to TransAdelaide, a publicly owned corporation.
In 1995-96, there was a partial tendering of the bus services. TransAdelaide retained three contract regions, Serco won two contract regions, and Hills Transit a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, one. Services were run and marketed under each operator's name, presenting a disjointed network to the public.
The 2000 round of tenders saw the end of TransAdelaide's direct operation of bus services in its own right, although it retained the train and tram services. Serco won the North-South, Outer North, and Outer North-East contract areas, SouthLink the Outer South contract area, Torrens Transit the East-West contract area and City Free services and Transitplus, a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, the Hills Contract area. The Adelaide Metro brand was applied across all transport operators, appearing to the public as a unified network, with common livery, timetable designs and a city Information Centre.
Adelaide Metro Environmental incentives
The State Government pledged that the Adelaide Metro would use cleaner fuels like biodiesel and natural gas in an effort to make Adelaide a carbon neutral city, however nearly 80 percent of the Adelaide Metro buses are still run on diesel, which is harmful for the environment due to the presence of sulfur.
Adelaide Metro Services
Adelaide Metro Buses
The largest element of Adelaide's public transport system is a fleet of diesel and natural gas powered buses. The majority of services terminate in the Adelaide city centre, suburban railway stations or shopping centre interchanges. As contracts are revised for privatised bus operations, more cross suburban routes are added to the network, whereas in the past bus routes were largely focused on moving passengers from the suburbs to the CBD.
A major component of the Adelaide Metro bus service is the O-Bahn guided busway to Modbury carrying around 9 million passengers a year. From opening in 1986 until August 2011 it was the world's longest busway, with a length of 12 kilometres and remains the world's fastest busway with a maximum permitted speed of 100 km/h. Away from the O-Bahn, whilst there have been dedicated bus lanes and bus only signal phases at some traffic lights provided for a number of years, a major improvement to bus priority and reliability arrived with the delivery in July 2012 of the CBD Bus Lane project.
Adelaide Metro buses are operated by:
Light-City Buses - North-South and Outer North East contract areas (includes the 300 suburban connecter and O-Bahn services)
SouthLink - Outer South, Outer North and Hills contract areas
Torrens Transit - East-West contract area (includes City Free)
Companies which had operated Adelaide Metro services in the past but which no longer operate in Adelaide are:
Serco - ended its contract in 2004, at the contracted half-term break-point, after failing to renegotiate its contract on better terms. Serco had previously informed the Minister for Transport that it was not willing to continue to operate the bus services for a further five years on the terms contained in the then existing Contract. Serco had made a submission to the Department of Transport & Urban Planning proposing to operate the bus services in the contract areas on new terms and conditions. The submission was rejected and the contracts retendered.
Transitplus - following the abolition of joint owner TransAdelaide in late 2010, Transitplus services were taken over by joint owner Australian Transit Enterprises's SouthLink.
Adelaide Metro Commuter rail
The Adelaide suburban railway network consists of six lines operated by the Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure Public Transport Division.
Until 2014, the suburban network was the only one in Australia to operate solely with diesel railcars. In 2013-2014, the full lengths of the Seaford and Tonsley line were electrified, as well as the segment of the Belair line from Goodwood to its terminus at Adelaide; and electric trains have run on the Seaford and Tonsley lines since 2014. Although the original plans were to electrify the remaining three lines, they were abandoned in 2012 with the potential for a Gawler line upgrade in 2017-18.
The current fleet consists of 70 3000/3100 class diesel railcars and 22 three-carriage 4000 class electric rail cars. All remaining 2000/2100 class train cars were retired from service in August 2015.
The six rail lines all run into Adelaide railway station in the CBD. They are:
Gawler line: runs north from Adelaide station for 42 kilometres, terminating at Gawler Central. This is the most frequent and heavily patronised line on the network. On weekdays some services terminate at Gawler and Salisbury.
Seaford line: runs south from Adelaide station for 35 kilometres and terminates at Seaford.
Tonsley line: a 4-kilometre branch of the Seaford line, running to Tonsley.
Outer Harbor line: runs north-west from Adelaide station for 22 kilometres and terminates at Outer Harbor. On weekdays some services terminate at Osborne.
Grange line: a 6-kilometre branch of the Outer Harbor line, running to Grange.
Belair line: runs south-east from Adelaide station for 22 kilometres, winding through the Adelaide Hills to terminate at Belair. On weekdays some services terminate at Blackwood.
Adelaide Metro Light Rail
Adelaide's once extensive tram network was dismantled in the middle of the 20th century leaving only the Glenelg tram running 12 kilometres between Victoria Square Tarndanyangga in the city-centre and Moseley Square on the beachfront at Glenelg. The majority of the line is on a dedicated corridor though the western suburbs, but travels on roadway in the city from the terminus to South Terrace and along Jetty Road in Glenelg.
An extension of the line from Victoria Square / Tarndanyangga down King William Street then along North Terrace opened in October 2007. A further extension to Port Road, Thebarton and then to a terminus at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre on Port Road (Hindmarsh) opened in December 2009. Since then, the extended line has had stops adjacent to key city points, including Rundle Mall, the Adelaide railway station and the City West campus of the University of South Australia.
The line is operated from Glengowrie depot with 15 Flexity Classic trams built between 2005 and 2010 and six Alstom Citadis trams that were built for, but were surplus to their needs of Metro Ligero, Madrid in 2009. The latter were modified by Yarra Trams' Preston Workshops before entering service. A further three unused former Madrid Citadis trams will enter service in 2018.
Proposed Future Extensions
A plan to create a city loop by extending the line through either Morphett or Gray Streets, Currie Street, and Grote Street to rejoin the line in Victoria Square / Tarndanyangga has been proposed. If this goes ahead, this could replace the City Loop and Connector free buses, which are currently in operation.
In October 2013 the Government of South Australia announced a proposal to create the AdeLINK network, this included:
CityLINK – a tram running in a continuous loop at regular intervals along the Morphett Street, Sturt Street, Halifax Street and Frome Street corridors, with transfers available from other tram lines and railway stations.
EastLINK − a tram line running along The Parade to Magill
PortLINK – a conversion of the Outer Harbor railway line to deliver a new tram service to Outer Harbor, Port Adelaide and Grange, and construct new tram lines to West Lakes and Semaphore
ProspectLINK − a tram line running from Grand Junction Road along Prospect Road and O’Connell Street
UnleyLINK – a tram line running along Unley Road and Belair Road to Mitcham
WestLINK – a tram line running along Henley Beach Road to Henley Square, with a branch line to Adelaide Airport (the existing tram line to Glenelg will also form part of WestLINK)
Adelaide Metro Interchanges
According to Adelaide Metro, interchanges "provide convenient connections between buses and trains. Many also feature Park ‘n’ Ride services and bike storage
Aberfoyle Interchange - Located in the southern suburbs at the Aberfoyle Hub Shopping Centre with connections to Chandlers Hill, the City and Old Reynella
Arndale Interchange - Located in the north western suburbs at the Arndale Central Shopping Centre
Blackwood Interchange - Located in the south eastern suburbs in the Adelaide Hills and provides train transfers from the Belair line with bus connections to Upper Sturt, Stirling, Crafers and Aldgate
Crafers Park'n'Ride Interchange - Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections available to Piccadilly, Stirling, Mount Barker and Blackwood
Elizabeth Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Salisbury, Munno Para, and Smithfield
Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre - Located in the mid-southern suburbs, these two interchanges (located close together) connect to Marion Interchange, City, Glenelg and the Outer-South.
Glanville Interchange - Located at the bottom of Semaphore Road and provides bus and train transfers from the Outer Harbor line to Port Adelaide, and Osborne
Golden Grove Village - Located in the Outer North-East, may services from the O-Bahn continue to here and connect to Salisbury, Greenwith and Fairview Park
Klemzig Interchange - Located in the inner north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Oakden and the Circle Line. Intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Marion Interchange - Located in the Mid-South, one of Adelaide's biggest interchanges, connections to City, Glenelg, the Outer-South and Blackwood Station
Mawson Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line and bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Adelaide, Mawson Lakes and Salisbury
Mount Barker Dumas Street Park'n'Ride - Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections are available to Strathalbyn (operated by non-metroticket service), Nairne, Murray Bridge (via non-metroticket service operated by LinkSA) and Lobethal via Hahndorf
Noarlunga Centre Interchange
Old Reynella Bus Interchange and Centro Colonnades - Located in Adelaide's southern suburbs and interconnects trains services on the Seaford line with bus services to the outer southern suburbs including Aldinga, Seaford and Moana
Paradise Interchange - Located in the north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Para Hills, Athelstone, Newton and Campbelltown, intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Salisbury Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Paralowie, Burton, Virginia, Greenwith, Elizabeth, Hillbank, Greenfields, Mawson Lakes and Parafield Gardens
Smithfield Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Munno Para, Craigmore and Andrew's Farm
Tea Tree Plaza Interchange - Located in the north-eastern suburbs at the Westfield Tea Tree Plaza and the Tea Tree Plus Shopping Centres, terminus of the O-Bahn Busway
Adelaide Metro Ticketing
The Adelaide Metro ticketing system is multi-modal, meaning that one ticket can be used to transfer between trains, trams and buses, regardless of the service provider. In September 1987 the Metroticket system developed by Crouzet was introduced. This used magnetic strip technology. In 2010 a contract to introduce the Metrocard smartcard ticketing system was awarded to Affiliated Computer Services. It was rolled out in November 2012.
A trial is being performed to assess whether a mobile ticketing option can be integrated into the network. This option would use NFC technology found in most smartphones.
Adelaide Metro Overview
Parent: Government of South Australia
Founded: 23 April 2000
Headquarters: Adelaide
Service Area: Adelaide
Service Type: Bus (includes O-Bahn), tram & train
Operator: Light-City Buses
SouthLink
Torrens Transit
TransAdelaide (Trains & Trams)
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https://rocketreach.co/brian-green-email_3606507
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Brian Green Email & Phone Number
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Get Brian Green's email address (b******@arte.com.au) and phone number (+61 447 995....) at RocketReach. Get 5 free searches.
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https://rocketreach.co/brian-green-email_3606507
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Redirecting you to the search page.
If you're not automatically redirected, please click here
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https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/38258550/transad-areport-01
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TransAD AReport 01
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TransAD AReport 01
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https://travelsbydanielle.com/point-of-interest/australia/adelaide/essentialinformation/adelaide%2Binternational%2Bairport-23488
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Adelaide International Airport
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https://travelsbydanielle.com/destination/adelaide%2binternational%2bairport-23488&country=australia
|
The Adelaide International Airport and Domestic Terminal are only 6km away from the city centre. The Skylink Airport Shuttle bus links the airport to the Adelaide Parklands Rail Terminal and the city centre, while local buses also connect the airport to the Adelaide suburbs. There are taxi services as well as car rental available.
|
||||||
6464
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 73 |
https://www.cruisesfromliverpool.com/destination/adelaide
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en
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Cruises From Liverpool
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[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Cruises from Liverpool are excited to announce brand new cruises from Liverpool for 2020/2021. Try our price match guarantee on Cruise and Maritime cruises. Phones open until 10pm, 7 days a week.
|
en
| null | |||||||
6464
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 26 |
https://new.transhealthsa.com/
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en
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Trans Health South Australia
|
[
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-01-11T10:31:10+00:00
|
Trans Health South Australia (SA) is proud to offer the South Australian gender diverse community a resource operated, and influenced, BY the community.
|
en
|
Trans Health South Australia
|
https://new.transhealthsa.com/
|
Trans Health South Australia (SA) is proud to offer the South Australian gender diverse community a resource operated, and influenced, BY the community.
Trans Health SA proudly hosts the “Trans Health SA Directory” as well as resources for the community to seek support and social engagement.
Input and guidance from the community is always welcomed and encouraged.
|
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6464
|
dbpedia
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2
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https://www.austbuttonhistory.com/uniform-buttons-2/uniform-buttons/
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en
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Government Departments, Agencies and Statutory Bodies
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[
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[] |
[
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[] | null |
en
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https://www.austbuttonhistory.com/uniform-buttons-2/uniform-buttons/
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6464
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dbpedia
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1
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https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/38258550/transad-areport-01
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en
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TransAD AReport 01
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en
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yumpu.com
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https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/38258550/transad-areport-01
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Attention! Your ePaper is waiting for publication!
By publishing your document, the content will be optimally indexed by Google via AI and sorted into the right category for over 500 million ePaper readers on YUMPU.
This will ensure high visibility and many readers!
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Thank you, for helping us keep this platform clean.
The editors will have a look at it as soon as possible.
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6464
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dbpedia
|
1
| 4 |
https://www.transadelaide.com.au/
|
en
|
Adelaide – Interstate Transport
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[
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https://www.conceptlogisticsint.com.au/adelaide/
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Adelaide
What We Do
At Concept Logistics Interstate Transport Pty Ltd in Adelaide, we are dedicated to providing top-notch interstate transport and logistics solutions. Our services are tailored to streamline and optimize your supply chain, catering to the diverse needs of businesses throughout Australia. We ensure that your goods are transported efficiently, safely, and reliably, no matter the distance.
100+ Reviews
4.8/5
In Adelaide, our road transportation services are the cornerstone of our logistics offerings, providing unmatched flexibility and accessibility. Our diverse fleet of vehicles is capable of handling everything from small parcels to oversized loads, guaranteeing precise door-to-door delivery. Safety and efficiency are our top priorities, and we employ advanced routing technology to minimize travel times and reduce costs. Whether for short-haul or long-distance deliveries, we ensure your goods reach their destination seamlessly.
For long-distance bulk or heavy shipments, our rail transportation services in Adelaide offer a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. Designed for reliability and scalability, our rail freight services accommodate both palletized goods and large-scale bulk items. With strategic access to major rail networks, we ensure smooth integration into your supply chain, facilitating the seamless movement of goods from origin to destination. This approach helps reduce your carbon footprint while maximizing operational efficiency.
Frequently Asked Question
In Adelaide, our primary services include expertly managed interstate road and rail freight. Whether dealing with palletized goods, full loads, or bulk shipments, we have the necessary infrastructure and expertise to transport your products across state lines efficiently. Our flexible approach allows us to tailor transport solutions to the unique needs of your cargo, ensuring optimal handling and transit times.
We transport a wide range of goods including palletised freight, full loads, bulk units, and time-sensitive shipments. Our versatile transport solutions cater to industries such as retail, manufacturing, e-commerce, and more, ensuring the safe and efficient delivery of your goods.
Our advanced GPS tracking technology allows you to monitor your shipment in real-time. Upon booking your transport, you’ll receive a tracking number which you can use on our website or through the Jaix Freight Management System to view the current location and status of your cargo.
Yes, we are committed to reducing our environmental impact. Our road and rail transportation options are optimized for efficiency, reducing carbon emissions through strategic route planning and load optimization. Additionally, our rail transportation services offer a more eco-friendly alternative for long-distance freight.
While our core focus is on interstate transport within Australia, we can coordinate with international partners for air freight services to manage global logistics needs. Please contact us to discuss your specific international shipping requirements.
Our blend of experience, innovation, and customer-focused approach sets us apart. With over 60 years of collective industry expertise, state-of-the-art technology, and a commitment to tailored, flexible solutions, we ensure your logistics needs are met with precision and reliability. Our proactive approach to solving logistics challenges and our ability to adapt and grow with our clients make us a trusted partner in your supply chain management.
Ready to get a quote?
Located at 89-103 Dohertys Road, Laverton North, Victoria, Concept Logistics Interstate Transport invites you to explore a world where logistics and innovation meet.
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6464
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dbpedia
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2
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https://www.academia.edu/7837739/Open_Street_CCTV_in_Australia_A_comparative_study_of_establishment_and_operation
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en
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Open-Street CCTV in Australia: A comparative study of establishment and operation
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[
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] | null |
[
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"sussex.academia.edu"
] |
2014-07-31T00:00:00
|
Open-Street CCTV in Australia: A comparative study of establishment and operation
|
https://www.academia.edu/7837739/Open_Street_CCTV_in_Australia_A_comparative_study_of_establishment_and_operation
|
CCTV is widely acknowledged to be ubiquitous in British urban areas. However, despite its proliferation, there remains no concrete and certifi able evidence to suggest that it is the panacea to the myriad problems it has been introduced to tackle. The expansion of CCTV has continued unperturbed by the tentative, contradictory, and even negative evaluation fi ndings it has often produced. Despite the reservations about the quality and methodological soundness of studies by those involved in its evaluation, and the inconsistency of results that were considered to be competently and professionally conducted, consecutive governments have continued to celebrate its supposed effectiveness. This article critiques the evaluation doctrine that has dominated CCTV evaluations and outlines how it has resulted in an approach that overlooks the qualitative impact of CCTV, ignores the possibility that individuals other than offenders may be affected by the camera ' s gaze; and presumes that the only signifi cant impact of CCTV (and thereby worthy of evaluating) is on crime rates. The approach that has historically been taken to evaluate CCTV is just as important and illuminating as the inconclusive-ness of the evaluations themselves. This article will outline why the fi ndings from these evaluations are inconsistent, inconclusive and ultimately irrelevant.
|
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6464
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dbpedia
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0
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https://travelsbydanielle.com/point-of-interest/australia/adelaide/essentialinformation/pharmacy-24842
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en
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Pharmacy
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https://travelsbydanielle.com/destination/pharmacy-24842&country=australia
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Besides the main pharmacy at Gawler Place, there is another one: Chemist Warehouse 100 Rundle Mall +61 8 8227 2700 Opening hours: Mon–Thu 8am–6pm, Fri 8am–9pm, Sat 8:30am–5pm, Sun 10:30am–5pm For urgent medical information call Australia Medic Alert Foundation on +61 8 8274 0361. At emergency, call 000. National Pharmacies Adelaide address below:
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Public transport system around Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide MetroParentGovernment of South AustraliaFounded23 April 2000HeadquartersAdelaideService areaAdelaideService typeBus (Includes O-Bahn), Tram & TrainOperatorTorrens Transit
Busways
Keolis Downer (SouthLink)Websiteadelaidemetro.com.au
Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of the Adelaide area, around the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train services throughout the metropolitan area. The network has an annual patronage of 79.9 million, of which 51 million journeys are by bus, 15.6 million by train, and 9.4 million by tram.[1] The system has evolved heavily over the past fifteen years, and patronage increased dramatically during the 2014–15 period, a 5.5 percent increase on the 2013 figures due to electrification of frequented lines.[2][3]
Adelaide Metro began in 2000 with the privatisation of existing government-operated bus routes. The Glenelg tram line is the only one of Adelaide's tramways to survive the 1950s and the only one to be integrated into the current system. Services are now run by two private operators[dubious – discuss] and united with common ticketing systems, marketing, liveries and signage under the supervision of the state government's Department for Infrastructure and Transport. Since the 2010s, energy sustainability and eco-friendly transport has been a major focus for Adelaide Metro. Hence, the fleet has been progressively upgraded with electric trains and solar-powered buses–one of which, known as the Tindo electric bus, is 100% solar powered and the first of its kind in the world.[4][5] Despite this, as of 2016, almost 80 percent of Adelaide's metropolitan buses still run on diesel fuel rather than biodiesel or batteries.[6]
Adelaide Metro has faced criticism for punctuality issues, "unreliable" services, ageing buses and incidents of severely coarse language, racism, and assault on some lines.[7] The complaints increased since the system switched to a private operator in October 2011. Adelaide Metro received 7,562 feedback reports–more than 40 a day–in 2012. In order to counteract these problems and increase accountability, performance data will now be published weekly as opposed to quarterly by Adelaide Metro. This will highlight how trains and buses are performing in terms of punctuality and service, as well as comparisons to interstate public transport. The 2014 service figures indicate that the system performed slightly better in 2014 than it did the previous year.[8]
History
[edit]
The Adelaide Metro is a brand introduced in April 2000, following the second round of tenders privatisation of formerly government-operated bus services.[9][10]
The public transport system in Adelaide has previously been known under several names. The State Transport Authority was formed in 1974, combining the metropolitan rail operations of the former South Australian Railways Commission, and the bus and tram operations of the former Municipal Tramways Trust. Adelaide removed almost all tramlines from the 1930s to 1958 leaving only the Glenelg line. This tramline was extended in 2007 by the Department of Transport, Energy & Infrastructure (DTEI), and again to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre in 2010. In July 1994, the STA was abolished and government public transport services were transferred to TransAdelaide, a publicly owned corporation.
In 1995–96, there was a partial tendering of the bus services. TransAdelaide retained three contract regions, Serco won two contract regions, and Hills Transit a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, one.[11][12] Services were run and marketed under each operator's name, presenting a disjointed network to the public.
The 2000 round of tenders ended TransAdelaide's direct operation of bus services, while retaining the train and tram services. Serco won the North-South, Outer North, and Outer North-East contract areas. SouthLink won the Outer South contract area. Torrens Transit won the East-West contract area. City Free services and Transitplus, a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, won the Hills contract area.[12] The Adelaide Metro brand was applied across all transport operators, appearing to the public as a unified network, with common livery, timetable designs and a city Information Centre.
Environmental Incentives
[edit]
The State Government has pledged that the Adelaide Metro would use cleaner fuels like biodiesel and natural gas in an effort to make Adelaide a carbon neutral city. In 2016, nearly 80 percent of the Adelaide Metro buses ran on diesel, which is harmful for the environment due to the presence of sulfur.[6] In 2023, the state government announced that a feasibility study was underway to replace Adelaide Metro's ageing diesel train fleet with zero-emission technology.[13]
Services
[edit]
Buses
[edit]
Main article: Buses in Adelaide
The largest element of Adelaide's public transport system is a fleet of diesel and natural gas powered buses. The majority of services terminate in the Adelaide city centre, suburban railway stations or shopping centre interchanges. As contracts are revised for privatised bus operations, more cross suburban routes are added to the network. In the past, bus routes were largely focused on moving passengers from the suburbs to the CBD.
A major component of the Adelaide Metro bus service is the O-Bahn guided busway to Modbury, carrying around 9 million passengers a year. From its opening in 1986 until August 2011 it was the world's longest busway, with a length of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). It remains the world's fastest busway with a maximum permitted speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). Away from the O-Bahn, whilst there have been dedicated bus lanes and bus-only signal phases at some traffic lights provided for a number of years, a major improvement to bus priority and reliability arrived with the delivery in July 2012 of the CBD Bus Lane project.[14]
Adelaide Metro buses are split up geographically into six contract regions:
Region Operator (until June 2020)[15] Operator (from July 2020)[16] Comments North-South Torrens Transit Torrens Connect Torrens Connect have an integrated bus and light rail contract, which includes the Free City Connector bus, O-Bahn services and the Glenelg tram line East-West Torrens Transit Torrens Transit Outer North-East Torrens Transit Torrens Transit Outer South SouthLink Busways Outer North SouthLink Torrens Transit Hills SouthLink SouthLink
The new contracts began in July 2020 for a period of eight years, with an option to extend for two years.[17]
Former operators which had operated Adelaide Metro services in the past but no longer operate in Adelaide are:
Serco – ended its contract in 2004, at the contracted half-term break-point, after failing to renegotiate its contract on better terms. Serco had previously informed the Minister for Transport that it was not willing to continue to operate the bus services for a further five years on the terms contained in the then existing Contract. Serco had made a submission to the Department of Transport & Urban Planning proposing to operate the bus services in the contract areas on new terms and conditions. The submission was rejected and the contracts retendered.[12][18]
Transitplus – following the abolition of joint owner TransAdelaide in late 2010, Transitplus services were taken over by joint owner Australian Transit Enterprises' SouthLink.
Light-City Buses – operated the North-South and Outer North East contract areas, including the 300 Suburban Connector and O-Bahn services, from 2011 until its purchase by Torrens Transit in 2018.[19][20]
Trains
[edit]
Main article: Railways in Adelaide
The Adelaide suburban railway network consists of six lines operated by Keolis Downer under contract to the Government of South Australia since January 2021.[21][22] In 2023, the state government announced that rail services would return to public ownership in January 2025, fulfilling an election commitment by the South Australian Labor Party.[23]
Until 2014, the suburban network was the only one in Australia to operate solely with diesel railcars. Between 2013–2014, the full lengths of the Seaford and Tonsley lines were electrified, as well as the adjacent segment of the Belair line from Goodwood to its terminus at Adelaide.[24] Electric trains have run on the Seaford and Tonsley lines since 2014. Although the original plans were to electrify the remaining three lines, they were abandoned in 2012.[25] The Gawler line was electrified in 2022.
As at July 2019, the fleet consists of 70 3000/3100 class diesel railcars and 22 three-carriage 4000 class electric multiple units.[26] All remaining 2000/2100 class train cars were retired from service in August 2015.
Adelaide's rail lines all run into Adelaide railway station in the CBD. They are:
Line Length First service Information Electrified Map Belair 21.5 km (13.36 mi) 1883 Adelaide to Bridgewater opened 1883, Belair to Bridgewater closed 1987. The Adelaide to Melbourne main line via Belair and Bridgewater was converted to standard gauge in 1995, leaving one broad-gauge track from Goodwood to Belair. Between Adelaide and Goodwood Gawler 42.2 km (26.22 mi) 1857 Adelaide to Gawler opened 1857, Gawler to Gawler Central opened 1911. Grange 5.5 km (3.42 mi) 1882 Woodville to Grange opened 1882. Grange to Henley Beach 1894–1957, now demolished. Services share use of the Outer Harbor line until branching at Woodville. — Outer Harbor 10.2 km (6.34 mi) 1856 Adelaide to Port Dock opened 1856, Port Adelaide to Outer Harbor opened 1908. — Port Dock 12.0 kilometres (7.5 miles) 1856 Adelaide to Port Dock opened 1856, Port Dock spur closed 1981, rebuilt 2024. Services share use of the Outer Harbor line until branching north of Alberton. — Not Available Seaford 35.9 km (22.31 mi) 1913 Adelaide to Marino opened 1913, Marino to Hallett Cove opened 1915, Lonsdale to Christie Downs opened 1976, Christie Downs to Noarlunga Centre opened 1978, Noarlunga Centre to Seaford opened 2014. Flinders 4.5 km (2.80 mi) 1966 Woodlands Park to Tonsley opened 1966, Tonsley to Flinders opened 2020. Services share usage of the Seaford line until branching at Woodlands Park.
Rolling stock
[edit]
Class Image Type Top speed
(km/h) Builders Built Number Lines Served Notes 3000 DMU 130 Comeng
Clyde Engineering 1988–1996 30 Belair
Grange
Outer Harbor
Port Dock Interiors refurbished 2011 and 2021–22.
Mechanically refurbished 2018–19.
3100 40 2-car sets 4000
(A-City) EMU 110 Bombardier
Alstom[a] 2013–2015,
2019–2023 34 3-car sets Gawler
Seaford
Flinders
Trams
[edit]
Adelaide's once extensive tram network was dismantled in the middle of the 20th century, leaving only the Glenelg tram running 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) between Victoria Square in the city-centre and Moseley Square on the beachfront at Glenelg. The majority of the line is on a dedicated corridor though the western suburbs, and travels on roadway in the city from the terminus to South Terrace and along Jetty Road in Glenelg.
An extension of the line from Victoria Square down King William Street then along North Terrace opened in October 2007.[27] A further extension along Port Road to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre opened in December 2009. The line has stops adjacent to key city points, including Rundle Mall, the Adelaide Railway Station and the City West campus of the University of South Australia.[28][29]
A 2018 extension added stops adjacent to more key locations including the Festival Theatre, the Art Gallery, the University of Adelaide and the Adelaide Botanic Garden.[30] Construction this new junction, branch lines along the eastern end of North Terrace and King William Road and four new stops began in July/August 2017 and opened in October 2018.[31] There is no fare charged on certain sections of the line.
The line is operated from Glengowrie depot, with 15 Bombardier Flexity Classic trams built between 2005 and 2010[32] and nine Alstom Citadis trams that were built for, but were surplus to their needs of Metro Ligero, Madrid in 2009.[33][34][35] The latter were modified by Yarra Trams' Preston Workshops before entering service. A further three unused former Madrid Citadis trams entered service in 2018.[36][37]
In July 2019, the government announced the provision of tram services would be contracted out.[38] Torrens Connect began operating the trams in July 2020.[16] As part of an election commitment, the government announced in 2023 that tram services would return to public ownership by July 2025.[23]
Interchanges
[edit]
According to Adelaide Metro, interchanges "provide convenient connections between buses and trains. Many also feature Park 'n' Ride services and bike storage."[39]
Aberfoyle Interchange – Located in the southern suburbs at the Aberfoyle Hub Shopping Centre with connections to Chandlers Hill, the City and Old Reynella
Arndale Interchange – Located in the north western suburbs at the Arndale Central Shopping Centre
Blackwood Interchange – Located in the south eastern suburbs in the Adelaide Hills and provides train transfers from the Belair line with bus connections to Upper Sturt, Stirling, Crafers and Aldgate
Crafers Park 'n' Ride Interchange – Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections available to Piccadilly, Stirling, Mount Barker and Blackwood
Elizabeth Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Salisbury, Munno Para, and Smithfield
Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre – Located in the mid-southern suburbs, these two interchanges (located close together) connect to Marion Interchange, City, Glenelg and the Outer-South.
Glanville Interchange – Located at the bottom of Semaphore Road and provides bus and train transfers from the Outer Harbor line to Port Adelaide, and Osborne
Golden Grove Village – Located in the Outer North-East, may services from the O-Bahn continue to here and connect to Salisbury, Greenwith and Fairview Park
Klemzig Interchange – Located in the inner north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Oakden and the Circle Line. Intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Marion Interchange – Located in the Mid-South, one of Adelaide's biggest interchanges, connections to City, Glenelg, the Outer-South and Blackwood station
Mawson Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line and bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Adelaide, Mawson Lakes and Salisbury
Mount Barker Dumas Street Park 'n' Ride – Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections are available to Strathalbyn (operated by non-metroticket service), Nairne, Murray Bridge (via non-metroticket service operated by LinkSA) and Lobethal via Hahndorf
Noarlunga Centre Interchange
Old Reynella Bus Interchange and Colonnades Shopping Centre – Located in Adelaide's southern suburbs and interconnects trains services on the Seaford line with bus services to the outer southern suburbs including Aldinga, Seaford and Moana
Paradise Interchange – Located in the north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Para Hills, Athelstone, Newton and Campbelltown, intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Salisbury Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Paralowie, Burton, Virginia, Greenwith, Elizabeth, Hillbank, Greenfields, Mawson Lakes and Parafield Gardens
Smithfield Interchange – Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Munno Para, Craigmore and Andrews Farm
Tea Tree Plaza Interchange – Located in the north-eastern suburbs at the Westfield Tea Tree Plaza and the Tea Tree Plus Shopping Centres, terminus of the O-Bahn Busway
Ticketing
[edit]
Main article: metroCARD
The Adelaide Metro ticketing system is multi-modal, meaning that one ticket can be used to transfer between trains, trams and buses, regardless of the service provider. In September 1987, the Metroticket system developed by Crouzet was introduced.[40][41] This used magnetic strip technology. In 2010, a contract to introduce the metroCARD smartcard ticketing system was awarded to Affiliated Computer Services.[42] It was rolled out in November 2012.[43] The older system was phased out in 2015.
In 2021, as part of a staged upgrade to Adelaide Metro's ticketing system, contactless payments have been rolled out on all trams, allowing passengers to use debit and credit cards to pay for fares.[44] In 2022, this roll-out continued on O-Bahn bus services, and as of 2023, is now rolling out network-wide, including all remaining buses, and trains.[45][46]
In 2024, Adelaide Metro released the Adelaide Metro Buy & Go App, this app allows passengers to buy tickets to be used on Buses, Tram and train leaving the Adelaide Railway Station. The app will be rolled out to all train users by late 2025
See also
[edit]
Buses in Adelaide
Commuter rail in Australia
metroCARD
O-Bahn Busway
Railways in Adelaide
Rail transport in South Australia
State Transport Authority, South Australia
Trams in Adelaide
Transport in Adelaide
Transport in South Australia
TransAdelaide
List of public transport routes in Adelaide
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
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Offender Incident Outcome Jason Tranter 20 July 2021
Jason Tranter unlawfully disposed of excavated soil on to Crown Land and into waters along the Murray River adjacent to 7-8 Burgess Road, Sunnyside, intentionally or recklessly causing serious environmental harm contrary to section 79(1) of the EP Act. 8 April 2024
In the ERD court Jason Tranter was convicted and fined $100,000, reduced by 40% on account of a guilty plea, with a final penalty in the amount of $60,000. Mr Tranter was also ordered to pay prosecution costs of $1,100 and Victims of Crime Levy Santos Ltd 4 July 2021
Santos failed to notify the EPA, as soon as reasonably practicable, of a discharge from the Jena 20 Flowline located 80 km southwest of Moomba, contravening section 83A of the EPA Act. 2 June 2023
The EPA negotiated a civil penalty with Santos in the amount $70,031.25. Karl Investments Pty Ltd & Karl Stephen Chehade 19 December 2018
On 8 August 2018, Karl Investments was served with a Site Contamination Assessment Order in relation to site contamination identified in the vicinity of Karl Chehade Dry Cleaners at 433 Brighton Road, Brighton SA. Karl Investments Pty Ltd and sole director, Karl Stephen Chehade, failed to comply with the Site Contamination Assessment Order contrary to section 103H(6) of the EP Act. 26 April 2023
In the ERD Court, Karl Investments and Karl Stephen Chehade were convicted; a bond was imposed, and $2,996 in prosecution costs.
The bond includes conditions to address the site contamination, and to repay the EPA $82,996 being the cost of further testing undertaken by the EPA pursuant to section 103Q of the EP Act. Belington Pty Ltd (trading as Old Red Brick Company) 6 January 2021 to 27 January 2022
Between 6 January 2021 to 27 January 2022 Belington operated a waste depot at their site in Beverley SA without the appropriate EPA authorisation in the form of a licence.
23 December 2021
On 23 December 2021 Belington caused a vehicle to catch fire on land within a council area in Beverley SA contrary to clause 5(1) of the Environment Protection (Air Quality) Policy 2016.
26 September 2022
In the ERD Court, Belingtonwas convicted for undertaking a prescribed activity without authorisation and fined $24,700.
Belington was also convicted for contravening a mandatory provision of an environment protection policy for causing the vehicle fire. No further penalty was applied.
Belington was ordered to pay $1,030 in prosecution costs.
D&J Holdings SA Pty Ltd
Kevin GreenShirley Ann Moros 2018
D&J Holdings SA was jointly charged with Kevin Wayne Green and Shirley Ann Moros, in relation to the unlawful disposal of waste at 2 sites located in Penfield and Direk, SA in 2018, in addition to causing material environmental harm and failing to comply with a clean-up order.
Offences: contravention of sections 36(1), 80(2) and 99(8) of the EP Act, respectively.
21 September 2022
D&J Holdings SA, its manager Kevin Wayne Green and director Shirley Ann Moros pleaded guilty to 2 counts each of undertaking an activity of environmental significance without an EPA authorisation, 2 counts each of causing material environmental harm and three counts of failing to comply with clean-up orders.
D&J Holdings SA was fined $241,500; Mr Green was fined $161,000; and Ms Moros was fined $108,500.
They are also jointly liable to pay $680,000, based on the economic benefit received by them, which will be used towards the remediation of the sites. D&J Holdings SA and Mr Green are also restrained from operating an unlicensed waste recovery or landfill depot at Burton, or any other site Duncan Shaw 13 April 2020 to 1 May 2021
Between 13 April 2020 and 1 May 2021 in Para Hills, SA Duncan Shaw failed to store waste in accordance with conditions listed within EPA authorisation, contrary to section 45(5) of the EP Act. 18 July 2022
In the ERD Court Duncan Shaw was convicted for all 3 counts of failing to comply with licence conditions and ordered to pay prosecution costs of $1,030 and Victims of Crime Levy. Southern Region Waste Resource Authority (SRWRA) 20 October 2020
SRWRA operates a licensed landfill and resource recovery facility at McLaren Vale. As part of the operation, an active landfill cell is used to dispose of waste and manage leachate from the waste. On 20 October 2020 a pumping operation failed and approx. 800–1,000 KL of leachate was discharged to Pedlar Creek.
Breach of licence condition S45(5) and cause environmental nuisance section S82(2).
29 June 2022
The EPA negotiated a Civil Penalty with the Southern Region Waste Resource Authority in the amount of $28,350. Fyfe Pty Ltd December 2019
Fyfe installed a new groundwater monitoring well with samples sent for analysis. Fyfe received the results on 20 December 2019. Fyfe failed to identify the elevated petroleum hydrocarbon readings. Fyfe reported the contamination of groundwater to the EPA on 24 February 2020.
S83(A) failing to notify of contamination.
27 June 2022
The EPA negotiated a civil penalty with Fyfe in the amount of $13,810.50. DML Constructions Pty Ltd (Oakford Heights) 2018
DML were subcontracted by Oakford Homes in 2018 to undertake site works for a large housing development in Nairne (Oakford Heights). The EPA were notified of erosion after heavy rains in June 2018 which led to flooding of residential properties as well as sediments entering Nairne Creek. DML were charged with 2 counts of causing an environmental nuisance S82(2) by failing to undertake adequate site works to prevent erosion. 20 May 2022
In the ERD Court DML was convicted on both counts and fined for count 1: $4,200 and count 2; $5,600 with victims of crime levy and prosecution costs of $4,044. The company agreed to within 30 days publish a notice re the breaches in The Advertiser newspaper. SEM Utilities Pty Ltd 2018
SEM Utilities Pty Ltd was charged jointly with D&J Holdings SA Pty Ltd, Kevin Wayne Green and Shirley Ann Moros for causing an environmental nuisance at two sites in 2018 contrary to section 82(1) of the EP Act.
At Pellew Road, Penfield SA SEM Utilities Pty Ltd disposed of 18,113 tonnes of waste soils and 20,286 tonnes of construction and demolition waste. At Helps Road, Direk SA SEM Utilities Pty Ltd disposed of 26,930 tonnes of construction and demolition waste.
6 May 2022
In the ERD Court, SEM was convicted and fined $12,600 with Victim of Crime Levy and $2,000 in prosecution costs.
SEM Utilities Pty Ltd agreed to pay $500,000 into a trust administered by the EPA for the clean-up of the 2 sites.
BP Shipping Limited 29 February to
5 March 2020
In Largs Bay BP Shipping caused material environmental harm by nuisance odours impacting the community from spilt fuel on the deck of the vessel British Explorer.
S80(2) causing material environmental harm.
2 May 2022
The EPA negotiated a civil penalty with BP Shipping in the amount of $48,128 with$10,964.25 in legal fees, and $17,191.64 in technical costs. City of Mount Gambier Council 24 May to 15 September 2021
At the Caroline Landfill in Yahl, the City of Mount Gambier contravened a condition of their EPA licence by failing to apply daily cover over the waste received and disposed of at the landfill.
S45(5) breach licence condition.
5 April 2022
The EPA negotiated a civil penalty with the City of Mount Gambier in the amount of $11,583. Mushroom Exchange Pty Ltd 15 May to 10 November 2020
At Monarto South, Mushroom Exchange Pty Ltd contravened a condition of their EPA licence by discharging wastewater from the property.
S45(5) breach licence condition.
25 March 2022
The EPA negotiated a civil penalty with Mushroom Exchange in the amount of $14,256. SA Water
Corporation, Normanville Wastewater Treatment Plant 11 to 14 September 2020
SA Water discharged approximately 1 ML (1 million litres) of wastewater into the Normanville Creek, from their Normanville wastewater treatment plant.
S45(5) breach licence condition, S34(2) breach mandatory provision of policy – clause 10 Water Quality Policy; S34(2) breach mandatory provision of policy – clause 17 Water Quality Policy and 82(2) cause environmental nuisance.
23 March 2022
The EPA negotiated a civil penalty with SA Water in the amount of $35,210.17. Aurora Investments (No. 2) Pty Ltd and Alex Panas (Good Life Gym) 28 October 2017
Aurora Investments and Alex Panas were responsible for the high-pressure cleaning of the asbestos roof at the Goodlife Gym located on PortRush Road Payneham. The company and director were charged with causing material environmental harm S80(2) and failure to notify the Authority of environmental harm S83(1) of the EP Act. 1 March 2022
In the ERD Court, Aurora Investments and Alex Panas were convicted and fined. Aurora Investment $24,000 with $25,525.50 in clean-up costs and Alex Panas $12,000 with Victim of Crime Levy and $1,030 prosecution costs. Riverland Vintners Pty Ltd (now t/a Winemasters Pty Ltd) 18 May to 13 September 2018
At 214 Nixon Road, Monash, Winemasters contravened a condition of their EPA licence by stockpiling wine waste at the site and subsequently failing to comply with a clean-up order to dispose of that waste. S45(5) breach licence conditions and 99(8) failure to comply with clean up order. 18 November 2021
The EPA negotiated a Civil Penalty with Winemasters Pty Ltd in the amount of $24,948. Nevarc Construction Pty Ltd, trading as Oakford Homes June 2018
Nevarc Constructions failed to implement all reasonable and practicable measures to prevent soil erosion occurring at a residential housing development in Nairn. The resulting runoff impacted on nearby residential properties and creek. The EPA issued an Order in July 2018 to control run off from the site with which Nevarc failed to comply. The company was charged with causing environmental nuisance S82 and breach of environment protection order S93(8) of the EP Act. 22 September 2021
In the ER&D Court Nevarc was convicted and fined $11,100 with Victim of Crime Levy and $3,925 in prosecution costs.
The company has agreed to publish a record of the offending in the local newspaper and industry publications..
Adelaide Ship Construction International Pty Ltd 11 June 2019
Employees of the Adelaide Ship Constructions at Moorhouse Rd, Port Adelaide contravened 2 conditions of its EPA licence by: using high pressure water to blast the hull of a vessel which resulted in the discharge of a red liquid into the Port River and the company failed to ensure that every employee was aware of the conditions set out in that licence.
The company was charged with two counts of breach of its licence S45(5) of the EP Act
17 September 2021
In the ERD Court Adelaide Ship Constructions was convicted and fined $25,000 Victim of Crime Levy and $1,000 prosecution costs. David Alex Blackley Between 18 and 19 November 2018
Mr Blackley unlawfully disposed of litter (namely by sinking a boat) to create an artificial reef in the Gulf of St Vincent.
S22 Disposing of Litter, Local Nuisance and Litter Control Act 2016
14 July 2021
The EPA negotiated a Civil Penalty with David Blackley in the amount of $8,400. Nyrstar Port Pirie Pty Ltd Between 31 January and 2 February 2019
Nyrstar caused potential material environmental harm as a result of failing to prevent a discharge of approximately 700 litres of sulfuric acid into waters, contrary to section 80(2) of the EP Act 1993. 31 August 2021
Following an investigation into the incident, a court imposed civil penalty for the amount of $35,000 was handed down.
The defendant was also ordered to pay court costs of $5,000
Miland Nominees Pty Ltd
31 August 2018 to 3 September 2019, and 24 May to 3 September 2019
Miland Nominees in Millicent contravened conditions of its licence contrary to section 45(5) of the EP Act and failed to comply with a clean-up order contrary to section 99(8). 8 June 2021
Convicted for 3 counts of contravening condition of environmental authorisation; 1 count of failing to comply with a Clean Up Order. Victims of Crime Levy of $240 imposed. Ashton Valley Fresh Pty Ltd 29 August 2014
Two counts of contravening mandatory provisions of policy, contrary to section 34(2) EP Act 1993. The provisions within clauses 12 and 13 of the Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003 were contravened through the discharge of waste water to Deep Creek, causing harm. 21 May 2020 Convicted on both counts receiving a fine of $3,500. The convictions were appealed by the defendant, with the Supreme Court ultimately dismissing the appeal on 3 May 2021. AC Demolition and Services
Pty Ltd 8 May 2019
EPA officers attended the registered address of AC Demolition and Services Pty Ltd (AC Demolition), 5 Manfull Street, Melrose Park.
1 count of operating a waste depot without an environmental authorisation at 5 Manfull Street, Melrose Park, contrary to section 36(1), EP Act.
7 December 2020
After an investigation into the matter, a negotiated civil penalty of $11,137.50 was agreed between AC Demolition and Services Pty Ltd and the EPA. Civil Tech Pty Ltd Between 22 October 2018 to 5 March 2019
Civil Tech Pty Ltd contravened 3 of their licence conditions, contrary to section 45(5), EP Act 1993, namely:
Advance notice to the EPA of dredging locations (S-64)
Dredging register (A-7)
Obligations to employees, agents and contractors (A-1).
2 November 2020
After an investigation into the matter, a negotiated civil penalty of $12,474 was agreed between Civil Tech Pty Ltd and the EPA. Gavin Piller 3 April 2018
2 counts of hindering an authorised officer. Contrary to section 90(1)(a), EP Act 1993.
1 count of assaulting an authorised officer by grabbing at his camera, causing the strap to break. Contrary to section 90(2)(a), EP Act 1993.
1 count of assaulting an authorised officer by grabbing his shirt front and pushing him backwards causing him to fall to the ground; striking him on the head with a fist; and raising a plank of wood over his shoulder as he approached him. Contrary to section 90(1)(a), EP Act 1993.
11 August 2020
Convicted on hindering an EPA Officer and 2 counts of assaulting an EPA officer. Fined $2,100 with 4 months & 1 week imprisonment suspended on entering a 12-month good behaviour bond GP and Sons Between October 2017 and February 2018
Operating an unlicensed waste depot at Wingfield by causing or permitting the storage of 7.2 tonnes of asbestos waste. Contrary to section 36(1), EP Act 1993.
Between 27 March and 3 April 2018
Operating an unlicensed waste depot at Largs Bay by causing or permitting the storage of 10.4 tonnes of asbestos waste. Contrary to section 36(1), EP Act 1993.
11 August 2020
Convicted and fined $49,000 for 2 counts of operating a waste depot without a licence in 2017 at Wingfield and 2018 at Largs Bay. Destiny Contracting Pty Ltd and DeJay Contracting Pty Ltd 27 September 2017 and 23 November 2018
Destiny Contracting and DeJay Contracting were charged with 2 counts of operating a waste depot without an environmental authorisation at 1415–1417 Main North Road, Para Hills West. Contrary to section 36(1) and clause 3(3) of Part A Schedule 1, EP Act 1993. 9 June 2020
Convicted on each count and fined the sum of $56,100, plus prosecution costs of $1,000 and Victims of Crime Levy of $161. Stewart Morgan
Between 22 February 2016 and 26 February 2016; 14 June 2017
Stewart Morgan caused material environmental harm by polluting the environment (deposited a Class 2 pollutant into waters of the Tobalong wetland) at 1155 Jevois Road, White Sands. Contrary to section 80(2) of the EP Act 1993 and failed to comply with a Clean Up Order. Contrary to section 99(8), EP Act 1993. 18 December 2019
Stewart Morgan was convicted on each offence, fined the sum of $15,000, ordered to pay prosecution costs of $1,100, ordered to pay $320 Victims of Crime Levy, ordered to make good the damage arising from causing environmental harm to the Tobalong Wetland. Feyne Kaesler 9 June 2018
Feyne Kaesler contravened Clause 10(1) of the Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2015 by depositing a Class 1 pollutant, namely shopping trolleys, into the waters of Spencer Gulf at Lucky Bay. 10 October 2019
After investigation, a negotiated civil penalty of $1,000 was agreed between Feyne Kaesler and the EPA. Trevor Coghlan and David Coghlan Between about 12 February and 24 September 2015
Trevor Coghlan operated a waste depot in Cavan without an environmental authorisation in the form of a licence.
On or about 30 June 2015 at Cavan and elsewhere in South Australia, Trevor Coghlan failed to comply with a clean-up order, contrary to s 99(8) of the EP Act.
Between 3 June 2015 and 01 October 2019, Trevor Coghlan used abusive or insulting language to an authorised officer contrary to s 90(1)(b) of the EP Act.
On 24 September 2015, Trevor Coghlan and David Coghlan hindered an authorised officer in the exercise of powers conferred by the EP Act contrary to s90(1)(a).
On or about 24 September 2015 at Cavan, David Coghlan used abusive or insulting language to an authorised officer contrary to s 90(1)(b) of the EP Act. 26 July 2019
Trevor Coghlan was convicted on each count and fined a total of $24,500, and a Victims of Crime Levy totalling $1,120 26 July 2019
David Coghlan was convicted on each count and fined $4,900 and pay a Victims of Crime Levy of $320
The defendants were order to pay prosecution costs of $1,656.
Port Adelaide Salvage and Maurizio Corsaro Between 16 August and 13 November 2012
Port Adelaide Salvage and its director Maurizio Corsaro operated a waste depot without an EPA authorisation at 82–85 Churchett Road, Highbury (following a boundary realignment, now referred to as Paracombe). Contrary to section 36, EP Act 1993. 28 June 2019
Port Adelaide Salvage was convicted and fined the sum of $32,000, Maurizio Corsaro was convicted and fined the sum of $5,500. Both liable for prosecution costs of $3,850, and each ordered to pay $160 Victims of Crime Levy. Luke Mason 21 March 2018
Luke Mason was charged with a single count of providing a cosmetic tanning service for fee at the Tan Ezy shop in Somerton Park. Contrary to regulation 5, Radiation Protection and Control (Non-Ionising Radiation) Regulations 2013. 1 March 2019
Luke Mason was convicted and fined $600, liable for prosecution costs of $800, and ordered to pay $160 Victims of Crime Levy. Maurizio Corsaro Between 25 January and 28 August 2015
Maurizio Corsaro operated a waste depot without an EPA authorisation at 11 Range Road South, Houghton. Contrary to section 36, EP Act 1993. 7 February 2019
Maurizio Corsaro was convicted and fined the sum of $18,000, liable for prosecution costs of $3,350 and ordered to pay $160 Victims of Crime Levy. Lobethal Nominees Pty Ltd (t/as GE HughesTransport Pty Ltd)
5 January to 25 April 2015
GE Hughes Transport transported a controlled waste while not in possession of the required consignment authorisation. Breach of section 34(2)(b). Contravention of mandatory provision of Environment Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste) Policy 2014. 11 January 2019
After investigation, a negotiated civil penalty of $1,000 was agreed between Lobethal Nominees and the EPA. SA Power Networks 25 October 2017
A transformer at the SA Power Networks substation site in Thebarton, exploded and burst into flames generating a substantial amount of smoke pollution. As a result of this incident insulating oil from the ruptured generator entered the Torrens River via stormwater pipes causing a minor pollution incident which was quickly remediated. Breach of S82(2) (cause environmental nuisance), EP Act 1993. 18 August 2018
After investigation, a negotiated civil penalty of $3,465 was agreed between SA Power Networks and the EPA. EM Earthmovers Pty 16 August and 13 November 2012
EM Earthmovers Pty Ltd was alleged to have operated a waste depot without an environmental authorisation in the form of a licence by permitting the disposal of mixed construction and demolition waste at Highbury. Contrary to section 36(1) and clause 3(3)(i) of Part A of Schedule 1, EP Act 1993). 9 August 2018
Convicted and fined $24,200, plus prosecution costs of $1,400, plus court fees of $256, plus a Victims of Crime Levy of $160. Zane Smith
4 June 2018
Zane is alleged to present containers to a collection depot for the purpose of claiming a refund in relation to the containers when he knew or had reason to believe the containers were not purchased in South Australia. Contrary to section 69C, EP Act 1993. 28 June 2018
Convicted and fined $4,800, plus $800 prosecution cots and a Victims of Crime Levy of $160. The containers were forfeited to the EPA. Flinders Operating Services Pty Ltd
27 December 2016 and 4 January 2017
Flinders is alleged to have polluted the environment by failing to prevent fugitive dust emissions from leaving the Port Augusta Power Station ash storage dam, causing an environmental nuisance. Breach of section 82(2), EP Act 1993. June 2018
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $2,261.25. SA Water March 2016
SA Water is alleged to have discharged sewage into water in breach of clause 10(1) of the Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2015. Under section 34(2), EP Act 1993, it is an offence to contravene a mandatory provision of an environment protection policy. April 2018
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in the amount of $1,000. SA Demolitions & Salvage Pty Ltd July 2016
SADS was charged for with 4 counts of operate waste depot without a licence between 9 May 2016 and 31 August 2016 by receiving & storing asbestos waste at their Hindmarsh depot, and 1 count of contravene condition of waste transport licence by transporting asbestos whilst not appropriately wrapped & sealed under sections 36(1) and 45(5), EP Act 1993. 23 March 2018
Convicted on all 5 counts, fined $28,000 and a Victims of Crime Levy of $160. Ordered to pay $900 in prosecution costs to the EPA. Adelaide Resource Recovery (ARR) ARR was charged with 2 counts of breach of licence between 13 September and 9 October 2013 by the storage of Construction & Demolition Waste (Mixed), and Commercial & Industrial Waste (General) onsite that was under cover.
The ERD Court found the ARR not guilty of both counts.
On appeal, the Full Court of the Supreme Court found ARR guilty of the first count and not guilty of the second count under section 45(5), EP Act 1993.
23 February 2018
Convicted on 1 count of breach of licence and fined $25,000. Clare & Gilbert Valley Council September 2017
The Clare and Gilbert Valley Council is alleged to have operated a waste or recycling depot without an EPA authorisation breaching section 36 of the EP Act. 14 February 2018
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A EP Act 1993) in an amount of $14,280. District Council of Grant May 2017
DC Grant is alleged to have contravened a licence condition by causing/permitting the escape of septic sludge, at the Port MacDonnell Waste Depot. Section 45(5) of the EP Act 1993 14 February 2018
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $13,365. Anthony Rosier Mr Rosier removed 800 m2 of asbestos sheeting from a site at Kanmantoo in January 2016 when his licence to remove asbestos had been revoked. To enable disposal and transport of the asbestos, Mr Rosier falsified 8 waste transport certificate using false business and personal names breaching section 119, EP Act 1993. 21 December 2017
Convicted of 8 counts of providing false and misleading information and 1 count of failing to comply with a direction from Authorised Officer, and fined $15,600. Adelaide City Council (ACC) ACC failed to comply with licence conditions relating to ‘capping’ of its former landfill site at Wingfield breaching section 45(5), EP Act 1993. 30 November 2017
Convicted on 2 counts of breach of licence and fined $90,000. Allan Speck June 2016
Mr Speck disposed of approximately 2.5 tonnes of demolition waste into a Salisbury Council reserve breaching section 34, EP Act 1993. 30 November 2017
Convicted and fined $2,700. Mr Speck was ordered to pay City of Salisbury $2,488.46 for removing the waste. Duncan Shaw March 2015
Mr Shaw was recycling mattresses at a premises in Elizabeth without an EPA licence. The activity created an environmental nuisance under section 82(2), EP Act 1993. 23 November 2017
Convicted and fined $1,500. Ahman Mahmoud November 2016
Sale of beverages in containers not approved contrary to section 69 B (1), EP Act 1993. 27 July 2017
Convicted and fined $700, plus $800 prosecution costs and a Victims of Crime Levy of $160. Ong Company Pty Ltd and Quong Khoa Ong November 2016
Sale of beverages in containers not approved contrary to section 69 B (1), EP Act 1993. 2 July 2017
First defendant – convicted, second defendant – without conviction. Fined $1,200, plus $800 prosecution costs and a Victims of Crime Levy of $320. Kamran Golzar August 2016
Sale of beverages in containers not approved contrary to section 69 B (1), EP Act 1993. 19 July 2017
Convicted and fined $5,250, plus $800 prosecution costs and a Victims of Crime Levy of $160. Hussain Qasemi and Jan Jaafary 31 August 2016
Hussain Qasemi and Jan Jaafary were identified as providing 1748 non-compliant beverage containers for sale in breach of section 69, EP Act 1993. 15 June 2017
Convicted and fined $8400 plus Victims of Crime Levy $320. Ordered to pay $800 in prosecution costs to the EPA. Mohommad Sharafat 31 August 2016
Mohommad Sharafat was identified as providing 494 non-compliant beverage containers for sale in breach of section 69, EP Act 1993. 05 May 2017
Convicted on 6 counts of unauthorised sale of beverages. Fined $900 plus $960 Victims of Crime Levy. Ordered to pay $800 in prosecution costs to the EPA. Thuan Phat Pty Ltd 31 August 2016
The supermarket Tuan Phat was identified as providing 385 non-compliant beverage containers for sale in breach of section 69, EP Act 1993. 14 March 2017
Convicted on 3 counts of unauthorised sale of beverages. Fined $1,200 plus $160 Victims of Crime Levy. Ordered to pay $800 in prosecution costs to the EPA. Ali Mashouf 31 August 2016
Ali Mashouf was identified as providing 105 non-compliant beverage containers for sale in breach of section 69, EP Act 1993. 9 March 2017
Convicted on 2 counts of unauthorised sale of beverages. Fined $1,020 plus $160 Victims of Crime Levy.
Ordered to pay $800 in prosecution costs to the EPA. Virginia Nursery Pty Ltd 21 October 2016
Virginia Nursery identified to be burning waste in the open air without a permit. Charged with intentionally or recklessly breaching a mandatory provision of the Environment Protection (Burning) Policy 1994, section 34(1), EP Act 1993. 22 February 2017
Convicted and fined $1,500 plus $160 Victims of Crime Levy. Ordered to pay $800 in prosecution costs to the EPA. Jake Martin-Herde 3 March 2015
Jake Martin-Herde was identified as operating a commercial cosmetic tanning business in breach of regulation 5 of the Radiation Protection and Control (Non-ionising Radiation) Regulations 2013 17 August 2016
Convicted on two breaches of the Radiation Protection and Control Regulations. Fined $2,100 plus $160 Victims of Crime Levy.
Ordered to pay $900 in prosecution costs to the EPA. Benjamin Liemareff December 2014
Unlawfully disposed approximately 200 tonnes of waste soil in the Black Hill Conservation Park breaching a mandatory provision of an Environment Protection Policy, section 34(1), EP Act 1993. 30 June 2016
Convicted on 2 counts of contravening Clause 10 of the EPP by Unlawful Disposal of Waste at section 34, EP Act 1993. A single penalty of $18,000 was imposed with $800 prosecution costs and $160 victim of crime levy. Nasmin Pty Ltd Between 3 and 6 January 2012
Disposal of 2,600 tonnes of contaminated soil at Mt Compass. Charged with operating a waste depot without an environmental authorisation, section 36(1), EP Act 1993. 26 April 2016
Convicted of operating a waste depot without a licence. Fined $28,000 plus $160 victim of crime levy. Geoffrey Ashurst 7 February 2015
Illegal dumping of waste onto land in Dawesley without the owner’s permission. 11 March 2016
Charge: 2 counts of intentionally or recklessly contraveneing a mandatory provision of an Environment Protection Policy, section 34(1), EP Act 1993 and clause 10(1), EP (Waste to Resources) Policy 2010. ERD Court. Guilty plea. Convicted on two counts and received a fine of $7200. Defendant also required to pay $800 in prosecution costs. Trevor Day Between December 2013 and April 2015
Illegal dumping of waste onto land in the Mt Magnificent Conservation, Park Yundi without the owner’s permission. 4 March 2016
Charge: 3 counts of intentionally or recklessly contravening a mandatory provision of an Environment Protection Policy, section 34(1), EP Act 1993 and clause 10(1) of the EP (Waste to Resources) Policy 2010.
ERD Court. Guilty plea. Convicted on 3 counts and received a fine of $3,600. Defendant also required to pay $2,827 in clean-up costs to the EPA. ResourceCo Pty Ltd Between 30 August and 17 October 2012
Breach of licence condition by receiving Commercial & Industrial Waste that was not permitted under the licence. 12 February 2016
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $13,860. TMK & Associates Pty Ltd Between 28 February 2012 &
1 September 2014
Fail to notify EPA of site contamination of groundwater. Failed to report groundwater contamination discovered as a result of environmental assessment conducted in Cheltenham. 30 November 2015
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $10,395. Acquista Investments Pty Ltd & Veolia Environmental Services (Australia) Pty Ltd together Integrated Waste Services, Hines Road, Wingfield On 14, 16 and 22 July 2014
Alleged incident. Breach of licence conditions by operating the Waste or Recycling Depot outside of the licensed operating hours at Lemmey Road, Lower Light. 19 April 2016
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $11,088. Gabriel Ivanyi Between December 2012 and May 2013
Illegal dumping of waste on land at Pedder Crescent, Regency Park and Eastern Parade, Gillman without the owner's permission. 10 February 2016
Charge: Intentionally or recklessly contravened a mandatory provision of an environment protection policy section 34(1), EP Act 1993 and clause 10(1) of the EP (Waste to Resources) Policy 2010.
ERD Court. Guilty plea. Sentenced to imprisonment for four months and two weeks, sentence suspended upon defendant entering into a good behaviour bond for two years. Ordered to pay landowners compensation for clean-up of land in sum of $44,000 and victim of crime levy of $160.
SA Sawmilling Pty Ltd 16 and 17 December 2013
Alleged incident. Breach of licence condition by not storing substances that, by their nature or amount, had the potential to cause environmental harm to surface waters or groundwater at 2 Francis Road Wingfield. 13 November 2015
The alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in the amount of $10,395. Acquista Investments Pty Ltd & Veolia Environmental Services (Australia) Pty Ltd together Integrated Waste Services, Hines Road, Wingfield Between November 2011 and July 2013 Alleged incident. Breach of licence conditions by receipt of grease trap waste and liquid waste and sludge at waste depot located at Hines Road, Wingfield. 10 November 2015
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $14,850. Spectrum Transport Systems Pty Ltd Para Hills West 3 November 2014
Alleged incident. Presentation of 2,433 beverage containers not purchased in South Australia for refund at Scout Recycling Centre at Green Fields. 30 October 2015
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $5,890.50. Adelaide Resource Recovery Pty Ltd, Dry Creek Between 18 October 2012 and 8 August 2013
Breach of licence condition by storage of low level contaminated waste at Dry Creek in the open rather than undercover as required by its environmental authorisation (licence). 26 June 2015
This matter dealt with by way of Court agreed civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993). ERD Court. Granted orders for a penalty of $25,000. Kingston Estate Wines Pty Ltd, 347 Renmark Avenue, Renmark Between 16 August and 17 August 2013
Discharge of wine from storage tank which subsequently entered groundwater. This discharge was contrary to clause 13 of the EP (Water Quality) Policy 2003. 22 June 2015
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $1,000. Troy Batters Between 3 July and 7 July 2014
Illegal dumping of construction and demolition waste at land located on property at Lots 6 and 7 Middle Beach Road, Two Wells without the owner's permission. 9 June 2015
Charge: Intentionally or recklessly contravened a mandatory provision of an environment protection policy. Section 34(1) of the EP Act 1993 and clause 10(1) of the EP (Waste to Resources) Policy 2010.
ERD Court. Convicted and fined $9,900. Ordered to pay prosecution costs of $800 and victim of crime levy of $160. Shane Terrence Hanley 14 July 2014
Disposal of concrete waste from pumping operation to vacant block at Piovesan Court, Kidman Park without the owner’s permission.
An Environment Protection Order and expiation notice were issued whereby Mr Hanley did not clean up the site and elected to be prosecuted. 28 April 2015
Charge: Intentionally or recklessly contravened a mandatory provision of an environment protection policy in section 34(1), EP Act 1993 and clause 10(1), Environment Protection (Waste to Resources) Policy 2010; and failure to comply with an environment protection order, section 93(8) of the EP Act 1993.
ERD Court. Guilty plea. Convicted and fined $19,000. Ordered to pay prosecution costs of $800 and two victim of crime levies of $320. South Australian Water Corporation, Port Lincoln Wastewater Treatment Plant Between 2 April 2013 and 17 April 2013
Alleged Incident. Increase of water cap and hydraulic load into sludge lagoons causing seepage of wastewater in the form of supernatant onto the adjacent beach, which is an alleged breach of a licence condition at section 45, EP Act 1993. 15 May 2015
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $15,840. Ron Papillo
Heaslip Road/ Gawler River Road, Angle Vale 16 October 2013 and 2 December 2013
Hinder and threaten authorised officers when exercising their powers under the EP Act 1993. 2 April 2015
Charge: One count of hindering authorised officers in the exercise of their powers, section 90(1)(a) of the EP Act 1993 and 2 counts of using abusive, threatening or insulting language towards authorised officers, section 90(1)(b), EP Act 1993.
ERD Court. Convicted and fined $26,125. Ordered to pay prosecution costs of $1,500 and victim of crime levy of $160. Lee Mu Tsai Investment Pty Ltd
St Kilda Road, Waterloo Corner Between 22 June 2012 and 10 July 2012
Discharge of contaminated wastewater from fish farm into storm water system and discharge of wastewater into an aquifer used for irrigation. 17 December 2014
Charge: One count of breaching EP (Waste to Resources Policy) 2010 and 2 counts of breaching EP (Water Quality Policy) 2003.
ERD Court. Convicted and fined $33,000. Ordered to pay prosecution costs of $800 and victim of crime levy of $160. Acquista Investments Pty Ltd & Veolia Environmental Services Australia Pty Ltd t/a Integrated Waste Services, Port Wakefield Road, Lower Light 28 August 2013
Alleged Incident. Breach of licence conditions by not covering waste at the close of each day’s operation with soil or other approved materials at waste depot located at Lower Light. 19 November 2014
This alleged contravention was dealt with by way of negotiated civil penalty (section 104A, EP Act 1993) in an amount of $11,781.
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2008-11-19T18:30:00+00:00
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Faiveley Transport Australia today concluded a deal to deliver enhanced PIS, CCTV and door upgrade solutions to trains maintained by…
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en
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Railway Technology
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https://www.railway-technology.com/contractors/data//pressreleases/press7-25/
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Faiveley Transport Australia today concluded a deal to deliver enhanced PIS, CCTV and door upgrade solutions to trains maintained by Bombardier Australia at their Adelaide maintenance facility.
The contract, which is worth more than A$7 million Australian dollars over the next three years, will see Faiveley Transport Australia design, develop and deliver cutting edge technical solutions for PIS and CCTV equipment for installation on to an existing fleet of trains. The project also brings together Faiveley Transport technology expertise from across several fields, combining know-how in electronics, passenger door systems and engineering services in upgrades to deliver a new control system for the train passenger doors.
The contract was ceremonially signed by Dan Osborne, managing director of Bombardier Australia and Pierre Sainfort, group chief operating officer of Faiveley Transport, at the opening of Faiveley Transport Australia’s new offices in Port Melbourne. The project will be managed by the team at the Port Melbourne site, which will also provide system design and integration expertise for the project.
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6464
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dbpedia
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Tramways_revival_in_Adelaide
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Tramways revival in Adelaide
|
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
This article – one of several about Adelaide’s trams – describes the development of new lines and operation of new trams since 2005. Links to an overview and other articles are in the following panel.
|
en
|
Wikiwand
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Tramways_revival_in_Adelaide
|
This article – one of several about Adelaide’s trams – describes the development of new lines and operation of new trams since 2005. Links to an overview and other articles are in the following panel.
Adelaide's tram services started with horse trams that from 1878 ran on a network of lines extending eventually to about 100 km (62 mi) in length. Thirty-one years later, starting in 1909, the lines were upgraded and electrified. Forty-nine years after that, in 1958, all street tramlines were closed, leaving only the Glenelg tram line operating. In 2005, major investments in infrastructure and modern trams inaugurated what became a tramways revival, leading to a 50 per cent increase in the route length of the city's tramways.
|
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6464
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dbpedia
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0
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https://www.rail-pass.com/adelaide-metro-south-australia
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en
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Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train service throughout the
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[] | null |
Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train service throughout the metropolitan area to 63 million riders
|
en
|
https://www.rail-pass.com/adelaide-metro-south-australia
|
Home > Australia Rail Pass
Australia Rail Tickets > Adelaide Metro (South Australia)
Adelaide Metro (South Australia)
Adelaide Metro (South Australia)
Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is an intermodal system offering an integrated network of bus, tram, and train service throughout the metropolitan area to 63 million riders annually, with an average daily ridership of 33,000 people. The system has evolved heavily over the past fifteen years, and patronage increased dramatically during the 2014–15 period, a 5.5 percent increase on the 2013 figures due to electrification of frequented lines.
Adelaide Metro began in 2000 with the privatisation of existing government-operated bus and train routes. The Glenelg tram, the only of Adelaide's tramways to survive the 1950s, was also integrated into the current system. Services are now run by four private operators and united with common ticketing systems, marketing, and livery and signage under the supervision of South Australia's Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure. Since the last fifteen years, energy sustainability and eco-friendly transport has been a major focus for Adelaide Metro; in recent years the fleet has been upgraded with electric trains and solar-powered buses–one of which (known as the Tindo electric bus) is 100% solar powered and the first of its kind in the world. Despite this, almost 80 percent of Adelaide's metropolitan buses still run on diesel fuel instead of more environmentally friendly fuel like biodiesel.
Adelaide Metro has faced criticism for punctuality issues, "unreliable" services, ageing buses and incidents of severely coarse language, racism, and assault on some lines. The complaints increased since the system switched to a private operator in October 2011. The Adelaide Metro received 7,562 feedback reports–more than 40 a day–in 2012. In order to counteract these problems and increase accountability, performance data will now be published weekly as opposed to quarterly by the Adelaide Metro. This will highlight how trains and buses are performing in terms of punctuality and service, as well as comparisons to interstate public transport. The 2014 service figures indicate that the system performed slightly better in 2014 than it did the previous year
Adelaide Metro History
The Adelaide Metro is a brand introduced in April 2000 following the second round of tenders privatisation of formerly government-operated bus services.
Previously, the public transport system in Adelaide has been known under several names. The State Transport Authority was formed in 1974, combining the metropolitan rail operations of the former South Australian Railways Commission, and the bus and tram operations of the former Municipal Tramways Trust. Adelaide removed all tramlines during the 1960s leaving only the Glenelg line. This tramline was extended in 2007 by the Department Of Transport, Energy & Infrastructure (DTEI), and again to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre in 2010. In July 1994, the STA was abolished and government public transport services were transferred to TransAdelaide, a publicly owned corporation.
In 1995-96, there was a partial tendering of the bus services. TransAdelaide retained three contract regions, Serco won two contract regions, and Hills Transit a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, one. Services were run and marketed under each operator's name, presenting a disjointed network to the public.
The 2000 round of tenders saw the end of TransAdelaide's direct operation of bus services in its own right, although it retained the train and tram services. Serco won the North-South, Outer North, and Outer North-East contract areas, SouthLink the Outer South contract area, Torrens Transit the East-West contract area and City Free services and Transitplus, a joint venture between Australian Transit Enterprises and TransAdelaide, the Hills Contract area. The Adelaide Metro brand was applied across all transport operators, appearing to the public as a unified network, with common livery, timetable designs and a city Information Centre.
Adelaide Metro Environmental incentives
The State Government pledged that the Adelaide Metro would use cleaner fuels like biodiesel and natural gas in an effort to make Adelaide a carbon neutral city, however nearly 80 percent of the Adelaide Metro buses are still run on diesel, which is harmful for the environment due to the presence of sulfur.
Adelaide Metro Services
Adelaide Metro Buses
The largest element of Adelaide's public transport system is a fleet of diesel and natural gas powered buses. The majority of services terminate in the Adelaide city centre, suburban railway stations or shopping centre interchanges. As contracts are revised for privatised bus operations, more cross suburban routes are added to the network, whereas in the past bus routes were largely focused on moving passengers from the suburbs to the CBD.
A major component of the Adelaide Metro bus service is the O-Bahn guided busway to Modbury carrying around 9 million passengers a year. From opening in 1986 until August 2011 it was the world's longest busway, with a length of 12 kilometres and remains the world's fastest busway with a maximum permitted speed of 100 km/h. Away from the O-Bahn, whilst there have been dedicated bus lanes and bus only signal phases at some traffic lights provided for a number of years, a major improvement to bus priority and reliability arrived with the delivery in July 2012 of the CBD Bus Lane project.
Adelaide Metro buses are operated by:
Light-City Buses - North-South and Outer North East contract areas (includes the 300 suburban connecter and O-Bahn services)
SouthLink - Outer South, Outer North and Hills contract areas
Torrens Transit - East-West contract area (includes City Free)
Companies which had operated Adelaide Metro services in the past but which no longer operate in Adelaide are:
Serco - ended its contract in 2004, at the contracted half-term break-point, after failing to renegotiate its contract on better terms. Serco had previously informed the Minister for Transport that it was not willing to continue to operate the bus services for a further five years on the terms contained in the then existing Contract. Serco had made a submission to the Department of Transport & Urban Planning proposing to operate the bus services in the contract areas on new terms and conditions. The submission was rejected and the contracts retendered.
Transitplus - following the abolition of joint owner TransAdelaide in late 2010, Transitplus services were taken over by joint owner Australian Transit Enterprises's SouthLink.
Adelaide Metro Commuter rail
The Adelaide suburban railway network consists of six lines operated by the Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure Public Transport Division.
Until 2014, the suburban network was the only one in Australia to operate solely with diesel railcars. In 2013-2014, the full lengths of the Seaford and Tonsley line were electrified, as well as the segment of the Belair line from Goodwood to its terminus at Adelaide; and electric trains have run on the Seaford and Tonsley lines since 2014. Although the original plans were to electrify the remaining three lines, they were abandoned in 2012 with the potential for a Gawler line upgrade in 2017-18.
The current fleet consists of 70 3000/3100 class diesel railcars and 22 three-carriage 4000 class electric rail cars. All remaining 2000/2100 class train cars were retired from service in August 2015.
The six rail lines all run into Adelaide railway station in the CBD. They are:
Gawler line: runs north from Adelaide station for 42 kilometres, terminating at Gawler Central. This is the most frequent and heavily patronised line on the network. On weekdays some services terminate at Gawler and Salisbury.
Seaford line: runs south from Adelaide station for 35 kilometres and terminates at Seaford.
Tonsley line: a 4-kilometre branch of the Seaford line, running to Tonsley.
Outer Harbor line: runs north-west from Adelaide station for 22 kilometres and terminates at Outer Harbor. On weekdays some services terminate at Osborne.
Grange line: a 6-kilometre branch of the Outer Harbor line, running to Grange.
Belair line: runs south-east from Adelaide station for 22 kilometres, winding through the Adelaide Hills to terminate at Belair. On weekdays some services terminate at Blackwood.
Adelaide Metro Light Rail
Adelaide's once extensive tram network was dismantled in the middle of the 20th century leaving only the Glenelg tram running 12 kilometres between Victoria Square Tarndanyangga in the city-centre and Moseley Square on the beachfront at Glenelg. The majority of the line is on a dedicated corridor though the western suburbs, but travels on roadway in the city from the terminus to South Terrace and along Jetty Road in Glenelg.
An extension of the line from Victoria Square / Tarndanyangga down King William Street then along North Terrace opened in October 2007. A further extension to Port Road, Thebarton and then to a terminus at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre on Port Road (Hindmarsh) opened in December 2009. Since then, the extended line has had stops adjacent to key city points, including Rundle Mall, the Adelaide railway station and the City West campus of the University of South Australia.
The line is operated from Glengowrie depot with 15 Flexity Classic trams built between 2005 and 2010 and six Alstom Citadis trams that were built for, but were surplus to their needs of Metro Ligero, Madrid in 2009. The latter were modified by Yarra Trams' Preston Workshops before entering service. A further three unused former Madrid Citadis trams will enter service in 2018.
Proposed Future Extensions
A plan to create a city loop by extending the line through either Morphett or Gray Streets, Currie Street, and Grote Street to rejoin the line in Victoria Square / Tarndanyangga has been proposed. If this goes ahead, this could replace the City Loop and Connector free buses, which are currently in operation.
In October 2013 the Government of South Australia announced a proposal to create the AdeLINK network, this included:
CityLINK – a tram running in a continuous loop at regular intervals along the Morphett Street, Sturt Street, Halifax Street and Frome Street corridors, with transfers available from other tram lines and railway stations.
EastLINK − a tram line running along The Parade to Magill
PortLINK – a conversion of the Outer Harbor railway line to deliver a new tram service to Outer Harbor, Port Adelaide and Grange, and construct new tram lines to West Lakes and Semaphore
ProspectLINK − a tram line running from Grand Junction Road along Prospect Road and O’Connell Street
UnleyLINK – a tram line running along Unley Road and Belair Road to Mitcham
WestLINK – a tram line running along Henley Beach Road to Henley Square, with a branch line to Adelaide Airport (the existing tram line to Glenelg will also form part of WestLINK)
Adelaide Metro Interchanges
According to Adelaide Metro, interchanges "provide convenient connections between buses and trains. Many also feature Park ‘n’ Ride services and bike storage
Aberfoyle Interchange - Located in the southern suburbs at the Aberfoyle Hub Shopping Centre with connections to Chandlers Hill, the City and Old Reynella
Arndale Interchange - Located in the north western suburbs at the Arndale Central Shopping Centre
Blackwood Interchange - Located in the south eastern suburbs in the Adelaide Hills and provides train transfers from the Belair line with bus connections to Upper Sturt, Stirling, Crafers and Aldgate
Crafers Park'n'Ride Interchange - Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections available to Piccadilly, Stirling, Mount Barker and Blackwood
Elizabeth Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Salisbury, Munno Para, and Smithfield
Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre - Located in the mid-southern suburbs, these two interchanges (located close together) connect to Marion Interchange, City, Glenelg and the Outer-South.
Glanville Interchange - Located at the bottom of Semaphore Road and provides bus and train transfers from the Outer Harbor line to Port Adelaide, and Osborne
Golden Grove Village - Located in the Outer North-East, may services from the O-Bahn continue to here and connect to Salisbury, Greenwith and Fairview Park
Klemzig Interchange - Located in the inner north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Oakden and the Circle Line. Intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Marion Interchange - Located in the Mid-South, one of Adelaide's biggest interchanges, connections to City, Glenelg, the Outer-South and Blackwood Station
Mawson Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line and bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Adelaide, Mawson Lakes and Salisbury
Mount Barker Dumas Street Park'n'Ride - Located in the Adelaide Hills, connections are available to Strathalbyn (operated by non-metroticket service), Nairne, Murray Bridge (via non-metroticket service operated by LinkSA) and Lobethal via Hahndorf
Noarlunga Centre Interchange
Old Reynella Bus Interchange and Centro Colonnades - Located in Adelaide's southern suburbs and interconnects trains services on the Seaford line with bus services to the outer southern suburbs including Aldinga, Seaford and Moana
Paradise Interchange - Located in the north-eastern suburbs with bus connections to Para Hills, Athelstone, Newton and Campbelltown, intermediate station on the O-Bahn Busway
Salisbury Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Salisbury North, Paralowie, Burton, Virginia, Greenwith, Elizabeth, Hillbank, Greenfields, Mawson Lakes and Parafield Gardens
Smithfield Interchange - Located in Adelaide's northern suburbs and interconnects train services on the Gawler line with bus services to areas around metropolitan Adelaide including Munno Para, Craigmore and Andrew's Farm
Tea Tree Plaza Interchange - Located in the north-eastern suburbs at the Westfield Tea Tree Plaza and the Tea Tree Plus Shopping Centres, terminus of the O-Bahn Busway
Adelaide Metro Ticketing
The Adelaide Metro ticketing system is multi-modal, meaning that one ticket can be used to transfer between trains, trams and buses, regardless of the service provider. In September 1987 the Metroticket system developed by Crouzet was introduced. This used magnetic strip technology. In 2010 a contract to introduce the Metrocard smartcard ticketing system was awarded to Affiliated Computer Services. It was rolled out in November 2012.
A trial is being performed to assess whether a mobile ticketing option can be integrated into the network. This option would use NFC technology found in most smartphones.
Adelaide Metro Overview
Parent: Government of South Australia
Founded: 23 April 2000
Headquarters: Adelaide
Service Area: Adelaide
Service Type: Bus (includes O-Bahn), tram & train
Operator: Light-City Buses
SouthLink
Torrens Transit
TransAdelaide (Trains & Trams)
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6464
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2
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https://www.lusha.com/business/80bf9536a7361982/
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en
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Email Address & Phone Number
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2023-01-02T10:46:23+00:00
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Reach decision-makers at ADELAIDE METRO. Find their phone numbers & email addresses. It’s free. - Lusha
|
en
|
Lusha
|
https://www.lusha.com/business/80bf9536a7361982/
|
Reach More Decision-Makers with Scale Plans
Let us show you how our accurate B2B company and contact data can help you reach the right decision makers and close more deals.
What can you expect?
See how Lusha can speed up your workflow
Learn how to reach your ideal prospects
Discover the practices of the best performing sales teams
Trusted by 280,000+ revenue teams of all sizes
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6464
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dbpedia
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https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/coasttocoastlightrai/
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en
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Coast-to-Coast Light Rail Project
|
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"vasundhara"
] |
2010-10-18T17:30:00+00:00
|
The Coast-to-Coast Light Rail project is a 2.8km tram line starting from the City West Stop along the North Terrace…
|
en
|
Railway Technology
|
https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/coasttocoastlightrai/
|
The Coast-to-Coast Light Rail project is a 2.8km tram line starting from the City West Stop along the North Terrace and Port Road through to Adelaide Entertainment Centre. The line passes through Bonython Park and the new Royal Adelaide Hospital. It was officially opened to public in March 2010 and is operated by TransAdelaide. The estimated cost of the project was $100m.
The project is an extension of the existing tram line running between Victoria Square in the city centre and City West Campus. The tram runs on the dedicated corridor and is specifically designed to accommodate passengers with low vision and limited mobility. The stops are integrated with the existing and new pedestrian crossings. The project continues to offer free service from South Terrace to West Terrace.
It is also a part of the biggest single investment transport plan, costing $2bn, undertaken by the South Australian Government in 2008. The aim of the light rail program was to complete the extension to Adelaide Entertainment Centre by 2010, to West Lakes by 2015 and Port Adelaide and Semaphore by 2018. It is named ‘Coast to Coast’ as the tram line will connect the beach front at Glenelg and pass through the city to West Lakes and to Semaphore through the heart of Port Adelaide.
The Adelaide Light Rail system uses a multi-modal ticket system known as Metroticket. It is used for travel between trains, trams and buses irrespective of the services availed. The magnetic strip on the ticket encodes validity.
“The Adelaide Light Rail system uses a multi-modal ticket system known as Metroticket.”
Background
The Adelaide Light Rail System, operating only trams, was dismantled in the middle of the 20th century leaving only the 12km long Glenelg Tram line between Victoria Square and Moseley Square on the beach front at Glenelg.
It was extended in 2007 from Victoria Square downwards to King William Street along the North Terrace to a terminus at the Morphett Street Bridge.
The extended line now has stops adjacent to main city points like Rundle Mall, The Adelaide Railway Station and the City West Campus at the University of South Australia.
The Coast to Coast project
The Coast to Coast Light Rail project involved construction of a dual tram corridor and four tram stops with seating and controlled pedestrian crossings. The tram stops are slightly elevated from the road via a ramp. Two of the stops are constructed before the intersections at North Terrace and the Port Road.
The platforms were constructed by an Australian engineering and construction company Thesis in partnership with Parsons Brinkerhoff, Connell Wagner, Hassell and Arrunga Surface Solutions.
A separate section was created at the intersections for the buses for free traffic movement. The project also provides a park and ride facility for 400 vehicles within the vicinity of Adelaide Entertainment Centre.
The location of the tram corridor was decided after accounting for factors such as safety and accessibility, support to urban regeneration opportunities, traffic levels at Port Road and North Terrace and with a provision for future expansion of the services to West Lakes, Port Adelaide and Semaphore.
The project is also designed for the use of dual voltage trams, which can travel on light as well as heavy rail networks.
Rolling stock
The new extension line uses Bombardier’s 16 Flexity Classic trams as well as Alstom’s Citadis trams.
“The project is also designed for the use of dual voltage trams.”
It has a low floor with three set of doors for easy boarding and alight of passengers on push and wheel chairs.
It is a two car tram but is usually operated as a single vehicle during peak hours.
It operates on both the standard (1,435mm) as well as metre gauges (1,000mm).
It is 2.4m wide and 30m long with a seating capacity for 70 passengers.
The line also uses five Heritage H-Class trams in addition to the 16 vehicles. The H-Class is usually used on weekends, public holidays and special occasions.
There are plans of withdrawing the heritage H-Class trams from the light rail system in future.
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https://www.independentliving.org/docs1/corcoran2000.html
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en
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Accessibility for All: The Australian Experience
|
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|
https://www.independentliving.org/docs1/corcoran2000.html
|
Disability Discrimination Act Standards Project
On October 12, 2000, the Australian Federal Cabinet approved the Draft DDA Transport Standard. The decision requires all intra-city buses to be of low-floor type using boarding aids for wheelchair users in the form of ramps. This article traces the history of the milestone decision as an example and encouragement for the movement for Buses For All in other countries.
ABSTRACT
This paper outlines some of the key events and issues in Australia that have lead to the development of National Standards under the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992 (DDA). The Standards will guide the implementation of an accessible public transport system in Australia.
People with physical disabilities have been denied access to public transport in Australia and have had as a replacement segregated, purpose-built 'taxi services'. These taxi services have been limited in numbers and generally been under resourced, therefore have been unable to provide an equivalent means of transport to that which the general public enjoy. This is now changing and is the result of disability activists lodging successful claims to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC), claiming discrimination under the DDA.
As a direct result of 'Landmark Decisions' and Conciliated Agreements that have been negotiated within these Hearings, State and Federal transport Departments are developing integrated transport systems. A set of National Standards and Guidelines have been developed under the direction of the Australian Transport Council (ATC) to assist in the implementation of accessible transport. In June 1996 these Standards were approved by the ATC as a 'technically feasible' way of making public transport accessible and were then subjected to a Regulatory Impact. The development of this regulatory legislation has been frustratingly slow and not without issue. This information paper will outline the significant events from the perspective of a person with a disability who has been directly involved in the process. It also highlights the need for all stakeholders to work through this collaboratively rather than aggressively or defensively.
INTRODUCTION
The move towards an accessible transport system has been a topical discussion point over the past 7 years. At a national level, there was a significant announcement and shift in public transport policy on April 21, 1995 at the Australian Transport Council meeting (ATC). In a media release on the same day of the meeting, Mr Brian Langton, NSW Minister for transport announced that "public transport right across Australia will become far more accessible for people with disabilities as a result of a new strategy endorsed by Australian Transport Ministers."
This was the first real commitment by the ATC to people with disabilities. Its recommendations to develop a "fully accessible transport system" was received with great excitement by the Peak bodies representing the disability sector throughout the country.
Access to public transport by people with disabilities should now be a "fundamental right" and personal choice as it is with other members of the public. It is a right that Australia, as a signatory to the UN Standard Rules on Equalisation of Opportunities, has accepted and recognised in its own processes. To fully understand the issues involved, it is necessary to explore briefly: a historical perspective of disability; relevant statistical information on disability and aging; and describe some of the key events relating to accessible public transport in Australia.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
If you have a disability you are far less likely to complete secondary school, attend university, have paid employment, own your own vehicle or your own home.
As stated by Deputy Prime Minister Howe when addressing the subject of social justice for people with disabilities, "for too long, this group has suffered the indignity of poverty, segregation and unequal treatment and has been denied opportunities to participate fully in work and life in the community" (Commonwealth of Australia, 1991).
It was for these reasons that the 1991 Social Justice Statement suggested the development of discrimination legislation to help raise awareness and help protect the rights of people with disabilities. As history shows the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) was enacted in 1992 and made provision for the development of Standards in a number of key areas including public transport and employment.
DISABILITY & THE MOVEMENT
The 1998 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers found that 19% or 3.6 million Australians have a disability, of that, 15.2% were handicapped or had 'core activity restrictions' (2,828,000).
Of these, 1,050,700 reported having difficulty using public transport with over half (544,500) stating that the predominant reason being getting into and out of conveyances due to steps and doors. A further 297,7000 reported that they had difficulty using public transport because of access to/onto stops/stations (ABS 1998).
In a survey of consumer organisations which was commissioned to determine the "real issues" facing people with disabilities, 88% of all respondents reported that access to public transport was a major problem as it restricted their participation in education, employment, medical appointments, shopping and recreation (Downie, 1994).
KEY EVENTS
In 1994, a number of advocates and people with disabilities who became aware of the progress of accessible transport in Europe and the USA, lodged complaints of discrimination under the DDA against transport operators and State governments in Australia. The complaints were lodged with the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC).
On September 13, the HREOC in its first demonstration of strength in this area, granted an interim injunction in South Australia. The complaint and injunction was against the Minister for Transport, TransAdelaide and the Passenger Transport Board and prevented them from proceeding with the purchase of 178 buses which were deemed inaccessible.
On October 12 a Conciliated Agreement was reached in Adelaide between the parties with the SA Government agreeing to:
· "develop an Action Plan which complies with the DDA;
· the State Government also agreed to obtain 3 wheelchair accessible buses to begin trials and announced that
as from July 1995, the first low floor - fully accessible buses with ramps would come into operation at the rate
of one per week;
· the above mentioned buses would form the basis of a pilot scheme leading to the deployment of a more
extensive, accessible public transport for all;"
It was openly acknowledged that this action and the consequent agreement had implications for all other States and Territories.
On October 14, the State and Federal transport ministers met in Adelaide for their regular ATC meeting. After their meeting, the following formal communiqué was issued:
"Ministers identified as an early priority the need to develop a strategy for implementing an integrated national approach to accessible public transport. This strategy should address the best way of improving transport accessibility for all groups of people who currently have difficulty with public transport systems. Ministers agreed to establish a task-force and its role was to hold consultations in each State, with all key stakeholders in accessible transport and report back to the ATC with a proposal for the implementation of a National strategy to address accessible public transport.
This work was undertaken and six months later at the next ATC meeting the Ministers issued a formal Communiqué which stated that: "Ministers endorsed a national strategy to make public transport more accessible for people with disabilities and agreed to release the report of the task-force for public information.
The Council directed that a task-force be established to develop standards under the DDA for accessible transport. The task-force would comprise of:
· people with disabilities;
· transport service providers;
· Federal Attorney-General;
· Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission;
· State and Federal Transport Departments;
The ATC also accepted the report, "Accessible Transport: The Way Forward", a report which outlined an integrated strategy of measures to ensure the public transport industry's compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act 1992. The key elements of the strategy were to:
· issue of standards under the DDA within ONE YEAR;
· vehicles and rolling stock to become accessible by normal replacement processes in preference to retrofit;
· financial assistance to encourage operators to invest in accessible vehicles and rolling stock;
· a funding program for the provision of public transport infrastructure;
· substantial achievement of access within FIFTEEN YEARS;
· full implementation of the strategy in all States and Territories within TWENTY YEARS".
NATIONAL TASKFORCE
The taskforce had as its first task to develop a draft document to initiate discussion and public comment. The disability sector representatives on the ATC taskforce then conducted an intensive Australia wide consultation process between July 1995 and January 1996. Over 160 written submissions were received from the disability sector. These were then cross-referenced by issue and recommendations and through this process a consolidated report from the sector was presented back to the taskforce. A final Draft was then negotiated via consensus agreement and prepared for ATC.
REGULATORY IMPACT STATEMENT
On June 10, 1996 the ATC endorsed the Disability Standards as a 'technically feasible' way of making public transport accessible and referred them to the Federal Attorney General's Office to consider and authorise after a regulatory Impact Statement (RIS) was prepared.
RI Statements are required by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) for all proposed new regulations that will impact on business and industry. They are designed to ensure that issues such as necessity and design as well as the impact on business and community welfare are properly assessed before any regulation is enacted. It was also necessary to prepare the RIS for cabinet consideration of the Disability Standards.
The RIS needed to evaluate a range of options for complying with the DDA and in Particular concentrate on two issues referred by the ATC:
I. the costs and benefits of implementation of the draft Standards (noting the 20 year timeframe and
implementation timetable);
II. the likely extent of the market for use of accessible public transport.
The draft RIS was released for public comment in September 1998. I would like to present a summary of the response to the Draft RIS that was developed by the representatives of people who have a disability.
RIS RESPONSE
Governments were aware then that the ability to move around one's community is a vital factor in whether individuals can actively participate in their community. Clearly people with disabilities, especially those with physical disabilities were prevented from doing so on public transport. This discrimination became even more blatant or obvious when there was a worldwide move to low-floor technology in providing public transport.
Disability representatives were also asked to restate the fact that low-floor technology within public transport is not being implemented world-wide because it provides access to people with physical disabilities, it is because it is efficient and effective for the whole community. The cost of moving to low-floor technology within public transport in Australia therefore, should not be lumped onto the RIS on the draft Accessible Public Transport Standards.
These efficiencies also have benefits for the operators and owners of transport. The 'dwell time' is significantly reduced every time they pick up passengers and the risk of injury to passengers and staff when they board or disembark is greatly reduced. There appears to have been no effort to cost these benefits within the draft RIS.
In general terms, the majority of responses from the disability sector were concerned at the balance of the RIS stating that there was far more emphasis on the costs and any negative aspects as opposed to fully exploring the benefits and the associated savings.
Major Comments
1. The Draft RIS was overly negative and bleak in its presentation and outlook and did not emphasise the benefits
to the quality of life for people with disabilities or the improved economic efficiency for the whole community.
2. The Draft RIS does not address all disability types adequately and concentrates too heavily on the issue of
buses to the exclusion of almost every other public transport mode.
3. There is overall concern about the premises and assumptions upon which the costings were made, and a failure
in undertaking a current international search for material.
4. If the costings and benefits used within the RIS were simply extended to a 30 year timeframe it results
in a $1.2 billion net profit but his wasn't even acknowledged.
5. That there should be no changes to the Draft Standards or to the timeline before these Draft Standards are
accepted as they are already a consensus agreement between all stakeholders. Any changes should be
made at the first review.
6. There will be no exceptions to the Standards because the equivalent access and unjustifiable hardship
clause already cover those situations.
The development of the Standards and the Regulatory Impact Statement (RIS) has been a long and arduous process but we have not yet seen the final draft.
There was significant progress made in relation to gaining details on exactly what each of the States and Territories have been doing in implementing accessible public transport. A detailed questionnaire was sent out to all State Ministers for Transport and/or their representatives as a directive of the previous ATC meeting.
FINAL APPROVAL
The RIS and the Transport Standards were then tabled and discussed at the April 1999 ATC meeting where again it was recommended that: "In respect of Disability Standards for Accessible Transport ATC:
Agreed that the Draft Standards as developed by the Disability Discrimination Act Transport Standards Taskforce be adopted subject to the exclusion of dedicated school buses, charter services and ferries in open waters. Noted that any jurisdiction has the ability to apply to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission for exemptions from the Standards. Noted that NSW and Tasmania endorsed the Standards, subject to the Commonwealth funding their implementation.
Agreed that the implementation of the Standards be subject to an audit after one year and that the Standards themselves, which were developed in 1996, be reviewed after two years." (ATC communique, 30 April 1999) The Commonwealth Dept of Transport and Regional Services (DoTRS) and the Commonwealth Attorney General have since been working on amendments to the Standards and preparing a submission to Federal Cabinet.
REVIEW OF STANDARDS
Recently the DoTRS reconvened the ATC working Party with a proposal for an extensive review of the Transport Standards prior to them moving forward into legislation. There was a very swift and emotional response from the disability sector to challenge this proposal which has now resulted in a working group looking at some defined technical aspects of the Draft. It is also expected that these matters can easily be resolved while the Standards move forward into parliament.
DISCUSSION
Why Standards? During the HREOC Hearing in October 1994 it became evident that there was considerable confusion as to what people with disabilities were entitled to and what transport providers were responsible for. "This impetus came from widespread concerns over the level of exposure of transport providers to complaints, and the financial consequences of having to immediately remove discrimination upon a complaint being successful.
Standards were seen to be an effective way of qualifying the open-ended nature of the DDA by providing certainty and compatibility of measures"(NSW position paper to ATC, 1997).
There was also a call for providing a consistent approach to non discriminatory transport. Operators and manufacturers were wanting clear direction on how to comply with the DDA and were hesitant about investing in further capital costs unless there was some assurance that they would not be subject to future complaints.
The Standards are being used across Australia by operators, manufacturers and people with disabilities as a means to check on what and how access provisions can be applied to public transport. The Standards are by no means perfect, with all stakeholders having to make some compromises along the way but they are a starting point.
The process however, has been vital and has by necessity had all players directly involved in lengthy discussions, negotiations and joint problem solving activities. I have had the great opportunity to be involved at a National, State and local level and have learned a great deal throughout the process.
I have had some great debates, arguments and discussions with transport representatives at a National, State and local level and I firmly believe that we have all learnt and benefited from these. One thing that we have all agreed on is that the key to the success of implementing accessible transport is the involvement of all stakeholders at local levels. That includes the operators, local councils, people with disabilities and the general public.
I acknowledge there are significant costs associated with upgrading our public transport system to make it fully accessible but I also happen to think that its a very good long term investment. I believe that the Commonwealth will benefit financially from the 'cross sector savings' in domicillary care services, residential care and income support payments. This is supported by Philip Oxley's research in the UK and by similar projections to the Australian population by Vintilla who has forecasted savings in the order of $350 million per year once all transport is accessible.
Accessible transport is not about providing access to buses for people in wheelchairs, it is far broader than that. We are talking about local community infrastructure such as footpaths and buildings, and all modes of transport. If we have good access the frail aged, people with temporary disabilities and parents with young children in strollers all benefit. I also believe that the general community will also benefit.
CONCLUSION
Implementation of integrated - accessible transport systems is occurring around the country in most States and Territories. There is now a growing acknowledgment that people with disabilities have a right to travel on public transport with the general public. The Standards, although not legislated, are being used by all stakeholders as the 'yard-stick' to test DDA compliance.
What's more, the favoured technology to enable this to occur with buses, namely low floor buses, are proving to be a success in improving the efficiency of the transport services they operate in. These developments have the potential to entice far more passengers back to the public transport systems and bring with it economies of scale.
People with disabilities and the aged are an ever growing proportion of the population as indicated by the 1998 ABS survey which as one example found that 55% of those over the age of 70 experience some form of handicap. Catering for the access needs of these groups doesn't hinder the access of others, it's quite the contrary. Good access features benefits the whole community and they tend to respond through increased patronage. It remains vital that all stakeholders maintain involvement at a National, State and local level as I feel we do have opportunities to collaborate our efforts and achieve a win win situation.
Importantly, some of the most vulnerable and isolated members of the community will now be able to travel around their communities at a reasonable cost. Individuals with disabilities, the aged with mobility difficulties and parents with pushes will now be able to fully participate in their communities.
THANK YOU.
Bibliography
Accessible Transport: The Way Forward by Australian Transport Council. 1995
Australian Transport Council Formal Communiques. October 1994; April 1995; April 1999
Disability Ageing and Carers: Summary of Findings. 1998 ABS Cat. Nos 4430.0. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Conciliated Agreement between the South Australian Government and Corcoran & Others. October 1994.
Corcoran, Maurice G Transport Update in Quad Wrangle. AQA Summer Edition 1996.
Downie, Angus Target 2015 A vision for the Future. Access to Transport in Australia for All Australians. August 1994. Australian Government Publishing Service
Vintila, Peter Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport: Can we afford not to have them. Murdock University. Nov. 1996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransAdelaide
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TransAdelaide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransAdelaide
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A Pressed Metal Corporation South Australia bodied MAN SL200 ca. 1997Government owned corporation overviewFormed4 July 1994Preceding Government owned corporationDissolved31 August 2010Superseding agencyJurisdictionAdelaideHeadquartersAdelaideEmployees729 (June 2010)Websitewww.transadelaide.com.au
TransAdelaide was a publicly owned corporation established in July 1994, which provided suburban train, tram and bus services in Adelaide, South Australia, under contract to the Government of South Australia. It took over these responsibilities from the State Transport Authority.
History
[edit]
TransAdelaide operated local bus services in Adelaide until April 2000. All metropolitan bus routes were transferred to private companies Light-City Buses, SouthLink and Torrens Transit.
TransAdelaide continued to operate rail services under the Adelaide Metro brand. TransAdelaide was abolished in August 2010, with its staff and functions transferred to the newly created Office of the Rail Commissioner.[1][2]
TransAdelaide operated all suburban railway services in Adelaide on the Belair, Gawler, Grange, Noarlunga Centre, Outer Harbor and Tonsley lines.[3]
After retiring the last of the ageing Redhen railcars in 1996, TransAdelaide operated 99 broad-gauge diesel railcars, split into two classes and four types, the diesel-hydraulic 2000/2100 class and the diesel-electric 3000/3100 class.[4] All were maintained by Bombardier Transportation at a central depot adjacent to Adelaide station.
TransAdelaide also operated the Glenelg tram line.
Fleet table
[edit]
Class Image Type Top speed Number Routes operated Built mph km/h Limit
mph/h Limit
km/h 2000 Jumbos Diesel multiple unit 87 140 56 90 11 Gawler, Grange, Noarlunga Centre, Outer Harbor, Tonsley 1980 2100 Jumbos Control car 87 140 56 90 18 Gawler, Grange, Noarlunga Centre, Outer Harbor, Tonsley 1980 3000 Diesel-electric multiple unit 87 140 56 90 30 All Routes
Except Glenelg Tramline 1987- 3100 Diesel-electric multiple unit 87 140 56 90 40 All Routes
Except Glenelg Tramline 1988–96 Bombardier Flexity Classic Tram -- -- 50 80 15 Glenelg 2006 Alstom Citadis Tram -- -- -- -- 6 Glenelg 2009
Past fleet
[edit]
TransAdelaide inherited some Redhen railcars from the State Transport Authority. The final units were retired in October 1996.
Type H trams were the mainstay of the Glenelg tram line for the 77 years. They operated after the line was converted from a steam railway to an electrified tramway in 1929, through to the trams' retirement in 2006. They were replaced by Bombardier Flexity Classic and Alstom Citadis low-floor trams, which now also run on an extension of the line through Adelaide city centre.
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2024-08-16T01:43:00+10:00
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Read all of the posts by Taswegian1957 on Dolls, Dolls, Dolls
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Dolls, Dolls, Dolls
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https://cooltechnologies.org/sector/transport-air-conditioning/
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Sectors Transport : Cool Technologies
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A/C loop R-744 - Valeo
Net-Zero Product
More Information
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Car
Technology Type
AC Circuit
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Valeo
Availability
Worldwide
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency measures: Best in class Gas Cooler, higher cooling power, lower pressure drop, mechanical resistance. Best in class Evaporator, higher cooling density, improved aeraulic...
Refrigerant GWP: 1
Refrigerant safety class: A1
Awards/ merits: Automechanika Innovation Awards 2018
Company Headquarters: Germany
Website
AC 136 HP CO2 system - Eberspächer
Cool Technologies Product
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Bus
Technology Type
Heat Pump
Prototype
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Eberspächer
Manufacturer Country
Europe
Energy Efficiency
Coefficient of Performance (COP), tested under nominal conditions Electric heat pumps absorb heat from the ambient air, with a high COP (coefficient of performance) value.
Refrigerant GWP: 1
Refrigerant safety class: A1
Rated cooling capacity range (in kW) 22 kW heating and cooling,
Energy source: Electric
Additional information: Prototype available, commercially available as of 2021
Company Headquarters: Germany
Website
Apple Inc.
Cool Technologies Product
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Car
Technology Type
MAC
Prototype
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Apple Inc.
Manufacturer Country
North America
Energy Efficiency
Refrigerant GWP: 1
Refrigerant safety class: A1
Dimensions: Height (in mm): 330, Width (in mm): 290
Company Headquarters: United States
Website
BVG
Case Study
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Bus
Technology Type
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Konvekta
Country
Europe
Energy Efficiency
BVG is Germany’s largest local transport company. In 2010, the company installed CO2 air-conditioning in seven buses in Berlin. The A/C systems were provided by Konvekta. Most new city buses and all long-distance buses in Germany are equipped with A/C systems with an average HFC leakage of 13-14% a year, or a total of 140,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
Website
CO2 Heat Pump for electric buses (part of Citaro bus) - Daimler
Net-Zero Product
More Information
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Bus
Technology Type
Heat Pump
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Daimler
Availability
Worldwide
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency measures: It reduces the energy consumption of the bus by 40 percent by comparison with conventional buses.
Refrigerant GWP: 1
Refrigerant safety class: A1
Energy source: Electric
Company Headquarters: Germany
Website
CO2 BOXÉR compressors - Dorin
Cool Technologies Product
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Bus
Technology Type
Compressor
Prototype
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Dorin
Manufacturer Country
Worldwide
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency measures: low vibration levels and to provide extra-smooth and silent compressor operation
Refrigerant GWP: 1
Refrigerant safety class: A1
Rated cooling capacity range (in kW): from 4 to 55kW
Heating capacity: from 4 to 45kW
Dimensions: Height (in mm): 220, Width (in mm): 590, Weight (in kg): 65kg in aluminium execution – 88kg in cast iron execution
Company Headquarters: Italy
Additional information: Prototype available
Energy source: electric
Website
Compressor hermetic rotary Panasonic C-CV753L0V - Panasonic
Net-Zero Product
More Information
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Bus
Technology Type
Compressor
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Panasonic
Availability
Worldwide
Energy Efficiency
High coefficient of performance (COP) while maintaining low noise and low vibration
Refrigerant GWP: 1
Refrigerant safety class: A1
Rated cooling capacity range (in kW) 13.2 kW (Speed 60rps/Suction temp: 32.2˚C/Gas cooler outlet: 32.2˚C/Tev -10ºC/Discharge 110 bar)
Dimensions Weight (in kg): 39.2kg
Company Headquarters: Spain
Energy source: Electric
Training: Full technical assistance available to customer
Awards/Merits: Nine years of field track record
Website
Deutsche Bahn
Case Study
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Train
Technology Type
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Faiveley / Konvekta
Country
Europe
Energy Efficiency
Energy savings on the pilot trains have been around 10% compared to the R-134a systems used previously
Deutsche Bahn, a German railway company and Europe’s largest railway operator, aims to use natural refrigerants for air conditioning in new trains by 2020. The first DB Bahn train to be fitted with CO2 air conditioning was a Siemens VT642 train, in Chemnitz (Saxony) in 2016. Since then the company has carried out a few more projects with a CO2 air-cycle system.
Website
ECOLINE - Bitzer
Cool Technologies Product
Sector
Air Conditioning Transport
Application
Bus
Ship
Trailer
Train
Technology Type
Compressor
Refrigerant
Carbon Dioxide
Manufacturer
Bitzer
Manufacturer Country
Worldwide
Energy Efficiency
High energy efficiency, SEPR up to 14%
Bitzer offers two CO2 compressors for use on buses, ships, cabins and trains. The ECOLINE H Series and the ECOLINE Transcritical.
GWP 1
Website
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For all depot collections please ensure that the receiver takes ID and has the connote number as reference.
Freight must only be consigned with the carrier that the depot is listed under. eg only use TNT to a TNT depot.
If you do not have access to a carrier in iCONSIGNIT but would like to activate them, please call Customer Care on 1300 929 669.
Addresses accurate as of 30/06/2021
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P:01
Childhood Education
Innovations
March/April 2019
Working with preschool leaders in Vietnam
Elevating educators for school improvement
Leadership and education diplomacy
Teacher education for inclusion in Ireland
Portals: Empathy machines
Ecological culture in Puerto Rico
Global citizen science Self-organized learning
Embracing curiosity through escape room design
Makerspaces in India
P:02
Childhood Education
Innovations
Childhood Education International
Annual membership dues: $100 Organiza- tions, $65 Individual, print and online, $35 Individual, online only. Send memberships to 1875 Connecticut Ave., N.W., 10th Fl., Washington, DC 20009. Notify ACEI of address change 6 weeks prior to moving.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS Pilar Fort, President
QUALITYstarsNY
Raj Kapur, President Elect
Higher Achievement Program, Inc. Elisabeth Shuman, Secretary
New York, NY Karen Liu, Treasurer
Indiana State University
Fortidas Bakuza, Member-at-Large
Aga Khan University, Tanzania Raúl Mercer, Member-at-Large
FLASCO, Argentina
Diane P. Whitehead (Ex O cio)
HEADQUARTERS STAFF Diane P. Whitehead,
Chief Executive O cer Michelle Allen,
Director of Operations Anne Watson Bauer,
Editor/Director of Publications Dziko Crews,
Communications Manager Heidi Gibson,
Director of Global Schools First Yvette Murphy,
Director of Global Advocacy Amanda Stamp,
Administrator of Global Programs
Views expressed in Childhood Education do not necessarily agree with positions taken by Childhood Education International.
Cover image:
© adike/shutterstock.com
Childhood Education (ISSN: 0009-4056) is published bimonthly in January, March, May, July, September, and November for a total of 6 issues per year by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 530 Walnut Street, Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Periodicals postage paid (Per- mit no. 104-540) at Washington, DC, and additional mailing o ces.
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Copyright © 2019 Childhood Education International. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted, or disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission from Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, grants authorization for individuals to photocopy copyright material for private research use on the sole basis that requests for such use are referred directly to the requesterâs local Reproduction Rights Organization (RRO), such as the Copyright Clear- ance Center (www.copyright.com) in the USA or the Copyright Licensing Agency (www. cla.co.uk) in the UK. is authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. e publisher assumes no responsibility for any statements of fact or opinion expressed in the published papers. e appearance of advertising in this journal does not constitute an endorsement or approval by the publisher, the editor, or the editorial board of the quality or value of the product advertised or of the claims made for it by its manufacturer.
Permissions: For further information, please visit http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/permis- sions.asp
March 2019
P:03
CONTENTS
March/April 2019 Volume 95, Number 2
3Preschool Leaders as Enablers of Innovation:
Emerging practices with preschool leaders in Vietnam Lieve Leroy and Thi Chau Nguyen
13
Elevated Educators Making the LEEAAPS for School Improvement Belinda Dunnick Karge, Cynthia E. Stephens, Mary K. Widener, and Janice Poda
20
School Leadership and Education Diplomacy
Amlata Persaud and Yvette G. Murphy
29
Creating Spaces Where Diversity Is the Norm: An innovative competency-based blended learning teacher education program in Ireland
Emer Ring and Lisha OâSullivan
40
Empathy Machines: Harnessing the humanitarian power of Portals
Kristen Erickson
45
Fostering an Ecological Culture for Puerto Rico
Fernando Lloveras
P:04
Contents ⢠March/April 2019
53
Engaging Students in Global Citizen Science: A U.S.-Japan collaborative watershed project
Yujiro Fujiwara, Rebecca Hite, Heather Wygant, and Susan Paulsen
60
Does the Innovation Really Work?: Effectiveness of self- organized learning environment (SOLE) in the classroom
Gina Z. Weisblat, Elizabeth A. Stiles, and Jeffrey D. McClellan
68
Embracing Wonder and Curiosity: Transforming teacher practice through escape room design
76
Fun2Do Labs: Educating maker kids in India
Saurabh Jain
Sherry Martens and Kathryn Crawford
Our Cover Image:
This issueâs cover features an artistic representation of how the two halves of the human brain are responsible for different tasks. The left side of the
brain performs tasks that have to do with logic, such as in science and mathematics. The right side performs tasks that have to do with creativity and the arts.
In Childhood Education: Innovations, we feature articles that focus on transforming education across
all subject areas. Finding ways to integrate cognitive and social- emotional skills, recognizing the vital importance of both capacities for overall well-being and future success.
2
Childhood Education: Innovations
P:05
Preschool Leaders as Enablers of Innovation
Emerging practices with preschool leaders in Vietnam
Lieve Leroy and Thi Chau Nguyen VVOB
March/April 2019 3
P:06
Context has a signi cant impact on the relative success of efforts to innovate in the classroom. Thus, it is important to understand the role
of school leaders as both gatekeepers and facilitators within their speci c context.
Phuong is a teacher in a preschool in Nam Giang, a mountainous district in Quang Nam province in the central part of Vietnam. It
is an area with many ethnic minorities, and children in this area experience many barriers to learning and participation at school. Twice
a year, Phuong applies process-oriented child monitoring in her classroom (watch the video; see media link below). She observes signs of well-being and involvement in her learners, assessing their level of participation and learning. She asks herself, âWho is doing well?â and âWho is at risk of not learning?â
After identifying the main barriers to learning and participation experienced by the children in her class, Phuong considers what priority actions she can take to mitigate those barriers. She develops and applies concrete changes
to the environment, materials, activities, and interactions. By doing so, she increases equity and care in her classroom. Phuong learned these skills from a core group of trainers who train teachers like Phuong in process-oriented child monitoring. is core group includes provincial and district level education o cers, school leaders, and teachers.
Watch the video: http://bit.ly/Phuongclass
A previous version of this article was presented at the 19th UNESCO-APEID International Conference- E ective School Leadership for the 21st Century, 7-9 November 2018.
But what happens if the school leader does not approve of Phuongâs new approaches
in the classroom? Or if the school leader
wants the same activities and materials in all classes? What if the school leader is hesitant about children learning through play? What
if the school leader gets annoyed about a teacher taking initiative? What if Phuong
does not possess enough autonomy to initiate innovation? What if the school leader does not allow her to make mistakes?
While teachers are the most important factor contributing to learning outcomes, school leaders are key in creating the conditions
for e ective teaching and learning. ey are gatekeepers to change.
Preschool Education in Vietnam
Since 2009, Vietnam has stepped up its consideration of preschool education and has established solid foundations in the provision of public preschools for 3- to 5-year-old children. Current participation rates are high; 89.56% of 5-year-old children participated in organized learning in 2016. However, a focus on equitable access alone does not guarantee the opportunity for all children to ful ll
their potential. Inequality in developmental outcomes remains a concern.
Over the past two decades, the Vietnamese government made signi cant investments in in-service teacher professional development
at all levels of education. However, most of these trainings were theoretical rather than practical, and attempted to reach large groups of teachers through a cascade approach. ese e orts proved ine ective; teachers continue to experience di culties when transferring and applying newly introduced methods to
4
Childhood Education: Innovations
P:07
Increased Care Width and Equity
Step 3
Act to enhance well-being and involvement
Step 1 Observe childrenâs well-being and involvement
Child
their daily practice. ey struggle to fully understand or implement the o cial policy of child-centred education. ey continue to use more traditional, teacher-centered activities that separate âlearningâ and âplay.â ey still have di culty innovating their practices to cater to diverse needs and address barriers experienced by children at risk of not learning.
In this context, VVOB Vietnam works together with the provincial Departments
of Education and Training of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Kon Tum provinces to mitigate preschool childrenâs barriers to learning in disadvantaged and ethnically diverse districts. e intervention improves in- service professional development of preschool teachers by building the capacity of VVOBâs government partners. e objective is to improve the quality of preschool education and
support all childrenâs development to their rich and full potential.
Initiating Professional Re ection
e intervention introduces process-oriented child monitoring (Figure 1) to preschool teachers. is approach starts with observing childrenâs levels of well-being and involvement as process indicators of learning, using a contextualized version of the Leuven scales for emotional well-being and involvement. is
is followed by identi cation of social barriers to learning and participation. To address these barriers, teachers then select action points they can implement to improve the well-being and involvement of all children. Maybe the teacher can rearrange her class and make the corners more attractive or enrich their content? By making sure materials are accessible and fun, more children will engage with them. e
Figure 1. Process-oriented child monitoring
Step 2 Re ect on barriers to learning and participation
March/April 2019 5
P:08
6
Childhood Education: Innovations
involvement of a child will likely increase when an activity meets that childâs interest. As teachers develop a re ective practice to better meet the needs of all children, they widen the scope of learning opportunities.
Process-oriented child monitoring
hence becomes a catalyst for developing professional re ective practice. When teachers share their questions, evidence, and thinking with each other and jointly re ect, they build collaborative expertise. Process-oriented child monitoring is embedded in the class and school context and creates an innovative school-based learning opportunity for teachers.
e process described above needs encouragement and nurturing. School leaders are key to creating the conditions for e ective teaching and learning. ey can enhance a learning culture as well as develop systems that support teacher learning. is also applies to Vietnamese schools where hierarchy is a given and teachers are typically hesitant to deviate from their formally assigned roles.
School Leadership in Vietnam
While Vietnamese preschool leaders
experience less autonomy in terms of teacher appointment, investments in teaching, and learning materials and school facilities,
they do operate in a context that recognizes the importance of teacher professional development. Despite limited funding, systems are in place to organize both external and internal or school-based teacher professional development activities.
However, hierarchy, collectivism, and the tendency to avoid âlosing faceâ are core values of Confucianism and remain deeply rooted in Vietnamese society, including school culture. A Vietnamese school leader must be capable of navigating the authority of the education system, maintaining credibility as a leader in the eyes of teachers and of the community.
is creates a challenge for external partners to contribute to their e ectiveness directly. Like
VVOB â education for development strengthens education systems worldwide. Quality education is key to achieving a more equitable world for all.
VVOB Vietnam and the Ministry of Education of Vietnam have joined forces to improve the performance and effectiveness of preschool teachers in disadvantaged, ethnically diverse districts in three central provinces (Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Kon Tum) through its BaMi program. This early education program (2017-21) is nanced by Belgium.
Recently, VVOB Vietnam started implementing a European Union co-funded program (2018-2021) on gender-responsive play-based learning in early childhood education (GENTLE).
teachers, school leaders are reluctant to deviate from their formally assigned tasks, which may limit their support for education innovation and change.
Identifying an Appropriate Entry Point
Working directly on school leadership as
a driver of education change, especially at
the start of the intervention, has proven di cult. erefore, VVOBâs collaboration with Departments of Education and Training primarily focuses on school-based teacher professional development.
Education o cers, with their core group, train teachers like Phuong in process-oriented child monitoring. Afterward, these education o cers visit schools and coach teachers on practical implementation in the classroom. e education o cers bring teachers together to jointly re ect on the teachersâ classroom observations of learners and subsequent actions.
P:09
Teacher professional development on process-oriented child monitoring
Teachers
Education of cers
School leaders
Creating an enabling environment
Figure 2. School leaders as gatekeepers to change, nding an appropriate entry point for action
e education o cers meet regularly with their core group to prepare the training on process- oriented child monitoring, plan for the support visits to schools, and discuss the role they can take during these visits. While doing this,
they also re ect on the e ectiveness of their teacher professional development system as a whole. ey consider questions such as: âHow can we improve the way we develop capacity with teachers?â and âDoes what we do lead to learning and change in the classroom?â
Based on their experiences during support visits to schools and re ection on the e ectiveness
of the existing system, education o cers have identi ed school leaders as gatekeepers to education change. Some of these school leaders do not give teachers enough autonomy to initiate innovations. As a result, teachers are not con dent about trying out new techniques and potentially making mistakes. e core group also noticed that schools with a culture
of learning and collaboration are quicker to integrate innovations successfully.
Starting from the multi-dimensional model
of school leadership, VVOB and its partners looked at how school leaders can support teachers to re ect on and change their practices to better meet the needs of all children (Figure 2).
Emerging Practices of Working With Preschool Leaders
As a rst step, education o cers include school leaders in teachersâ learning trajectories for improving the quality of education
by re ecting on childrenâs well-being and involvement. Participating in and promoting teacher learning and development is the leadership dimension that is most closely associated with positive student outcomes. School leaders who participate in learning trajectories for teachers develop a deeper
March/April 2019 7
P:10
Catering to the needs of all children
Phuong learning with other teachers
8 Childhood Education: Innovations
P:11
VVOB programs globally use a model of eight dimensions of leadership affecting student outcomes, developed from research as a starting point. Depending on the countryâs experience, challenges, and needs, this model is adjusted, acknowledging
a diverse set of national contexts. This means assessing the
context and identifying who exactly needs support
Improving conditions for teaching & learning
De ning visions, values, & direction
Student learning Well-being & achievements High expectations
Building trust
to improve school leadership. Local education partnersâ ministries of education and institutions that are responsible for
the professional development of school leadersâ
may need support
to empower school leaders to improve
the quality of education. Professional development providers may need assistance from experts.
Building relationships inside the school community
Redesigning and enriching the curriculum
Restructuring the organization: redesigning roles & responsibilities
Enhancing teaching & learning
Building relationships outside the school community
Enhancing teacher quality (including succession planning)
understanding of the conditions needed for sta to implement and sustain changes.
However, education o cers soon realized that school leadersâ participation was not enough. Although it leads to a better understanding of the education change envisaged, it does not automatically lead to enhanced conditions for sta to try out and apply newly learned skills.
erefore, education o cers now include the concept of an enabling environment explicitly in their interventions as a second step. During training, which both teachers and school leaders attend, they work with school leaders to plan how they will support their teachers.
Phuong is nding it easier to innovate her classroom practices, as her school leader gives
Figure 3. Dimensions of successful school leadership (source: National College for Leadership of Schools and Childrenâs Services, 2010)
March/April 2019 9
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her the room and support she needs. Her school leader, in turn, is supported by the education o cers in her district and province to create this enabling environment. As the education o cers engage in this process, their understanding grows and next steps can be taken.
Conclusions
School leaders play a key role in leading professional learning in their schools. However, school leaders also depend on an enabling environment to learn and grow. As the education o cersâ understanding of the school leaderâs role with regard to teacher development grows, they re ect on their own role and take the next steps to facilitate school-
Relevant websites and resources for further reading:
⢠https://vietnam.vvob.be/
⢠www.vvob.org
⢠www.child-encyclopedia.com/sites/default/ les/
dossiers-complets/en/child-care-early-childhood-
education-and-care.pdf#page=52
⢠BaMi programme (Mitigating Preschool Childrenâs
Barriers to Learning in Disadvantaged and Ethnically Diverse Districts) /www.vvob.be/en/programmes/vietnam-bami
⢠VVOB. (2017). Putting SDG4 into practice. School leadership. VVOB Technical Brief No 1. Brussels, Belgium: Author. www.vvob.be/en/downloads/technical-brief-1- school-leadership
based professional learning for preschool leaders and teachers.
e VVOB program in Vietnam seeks to strengthen the education system by creating an enabling environment. VVOB does this both at the school level, via collaborative learning and school leaders, and at the district and provincial levels, where education o cers in charge of preschool education can facilitate and guide school-based teacher professional development. As school leaders and education o cers collaborate with teachers on changing their practices and beliefs about education, they trigger broader system change to achieve quality education for all.
10 Childhood Education: Innovations
Videos:
⢠What is process-oriented child monitoring?: www.youtube.com/watch?v=HI0_ VrqWzvQ
⢠From observation to action! Process- oriented child monitoring: https://youtu.be/vV6u4H7Js44
⢠Improve quality education in Vietnamese preschools with VVOB: https://youtu.be/P-CDCXEH8Vk
⢠For more videos, please visit our Youtube channel: www.youtube.com/user/ VVOBVietnam
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⢠Vietnam has a literacy level of 94%.
⢠Vietnamese students of 15 years of age continue to score high in math on OECDâs latest global education survey, known as PISA.
⢠The Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) oversees all aspects of education in Vietnam.
⢠The education system consists of kindergarten, primary, secondary, upper-secondary (also referred to as high school), and university level, with nationally administered exit and entrance examinations between each.
⢠Primary school is ve years (6 â 11) and compulsory.
⢠Secondary school education is divided into lower secondary, which is four years (grades 6-9, ages 11-15), and higher secondary education, which is three years (grades 10-12, ages 15-18), and neither of them are compulsory. There is an entrance and leaving examination. Students have to choose either a natural or social sciences track.
Education in Vietnam
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Childhood Education: Innovations
The authors want to express their gratitude to Wouter Boesman, Hans De Greve, Filip Lenaerts, Katelin Raw, and Ly Thi Kim Tran for their critical and constructive contributions to this article.
For More Reading:
Booth, T., & Ainscow, M. (2016). Index for inclusion: A guide to school development led by inclusive values (4th ed.). Cambridge, England: Index for Inclusion Network.
Cravens, X., & Hallinger, P. (2012). School leadership and change in East Asia: Building capacity for education reform. Peabody Journal
of Education. Retrieved from https://www. researchgate.net/publication/241729705_School_ Leadership_and_Change_in_East_Asia_Building_ Capacity_for_Education_Reform
HaÌo, T., Hallinger, P., & Chia, W. (2017). Assessing and strengthening instructional leadership
among primary school principals in Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(3). Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight. com/doi/abs/10.1108/IJEM-02-2017-0046
Hattie, J. (2003). Teachers make a di erence. What
is the research evidence? Retrieved from https:// research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10 03&context=research_conference_2003
Hattie, J. (2015). What works best in education:
e politics of collaborative expertise. Open ideas at Pearson. Retrieved from https://www.pearson.com/ content/dam/corporate/global/pearson-dot-com/ les/hattie/150526_ExpertiseWEB_V1.pdf
Korthagen, F. (2001). Linking practice and theory: e pedagogy of realistic teacher education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Laevers, F. (2011). Experiential education: Making care and education more e ective through well- being and involvement. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development. Retrieved from http:// www.childencyclopedia.com/child-care-early- childhood-education-and-care/according-experts/ experientialeducation-making-care
Lenaerts, F., Braeye, S., Nguyen, T. L. H., Dang, T. A., & Vromant, N. (2017). Supporting teachers
in Vietnam to monitor preschool childrenâs wellbeing and involvement in preschool classrooms. International Journal of Early Childhood, 49(2), 245- 262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-017-0188-2
Ministry of Education and Training. (2013). Early Development Instrument (EDI) in Vietnam 2013. Hanoi, Vietnam: Golden Sky.
National College for Leadership of Schools and Childrenâs Services. (2010). Ten strong claims about successful school leadership. Retrieved from http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/2082/1/10-strong-claims- about-successful-school-leadership.pdf
Robinson, V., Lloyd, C., & Rowe, K. (2008). e impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the di erential e ects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(50), 635-674.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (2010). Approving the scheme on universal pre-school education of children aged ve years in the 2010â2015 period. No. 239/QD-TTg. Hanoi, Vietnam: e Prime Ministerâs O ce.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (2012). Education development strategic plan for 2011-2020. No. 711/QDTTg. Hanoi, Vietnam: e Prime Ministerâs O ce.
Timperley, H., Wilson, A., Barrar, H., & Fung, I. (2007). Teacher professional learning and development: Best evidence synthesis iteration. Wellington, Australia: Ministry of Education.
Tran, N., Hallinger, P., & Truong, T., (2017). e heart of school improvement: A multi-site case study of leadership for teacher learning in Vietnam. School Leadership & Management, 38(1). doi:10.1080/13632434.2017.1371690
Truong, T., Hallinger, P., & Sanga, K. (2017). Confucian values and school leadership in Vietnam: Exploring the in uence of culture
on principal decision making. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(1), 77-100. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/10.1177/1741143215607877
United Nations Sustainable Development database. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/ indicators/database/ on 1/10/2018
VVOB. (2017). Putting SDG4 into practice. School leadership. VVOB Technical Brief No 1. Brussels, Belgium: VVOB.
World Bank. (2012). Well begun, not yet done: Vietnamâs remarkable progress on poverty reduction and the emerging challenges. Hanoi, Vietnam: World Bank in Vietnam.
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Elevated Educators Making the LEEAAPS for School Improvement
March/April 2019 13
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Bringing the transformative change to classrooms that supports student achievement requires a high level of collaboration and leadership. This article describes an innovative model for school improvement that focuses on coaching to elevate educators into true change-makers.
Belinda Dunnick Karge
Concordia University Irvine
Cynthia E. Stephens, Mary K. Widener, and Janice Poda
14
Childhood Education: Innovations
Any Leadership and Education Effectiveness Group
When educators are âelevatedâ to a level
where they prioritize accountability for their actions in the classroom, inside the school,
and outside with the school community, they take ownership in supporting students using
all possible strategies to enhance student
results and intentionally make overall school improvement progress. Hallingerâs review
of 30 years of empirical research on school leadership clearly points to the a rmative impact of building collaborative positive school climate to increase student achievement.1 Elevating educators in such a way is a primary component in the innovative Leadership E ectiveness and E ciency Analysis and Action Planning for Schools (LEEAAPS) model.
e LEEAAPS Model is a research-based e ective school improvement tool designed
to elevate educators and all involved in the deepest operations and needs at the preschool, school, center, or district level. A speci c focus is on high-need, hard-to-sta communities where challenges contributing to school
underperformance impede progress, and change is necessary.
Figure 1 provides a graphic of the LEEAAPS Model: E ective School Improvement. Innovation for the design was developed by
the non-pro t Initiative of the Leadership & Education E ectiveness Group ( e LEEG Group). e LEEAAPS model was informed by input over two years of convening education professionals and stakeholders representing diverse schools, a variety of districts, multiple states, and education organizations, as well as research about school improvement and reform literature. e LEEAAPS Model for school improvement advocates for the use of coaching within analysis of school function areas (SFAs) using an E4 framework of Engage, Empower, Equip, and Elevate.
Many formal and informal induction and support programs are available for teachers. Far fewer in-depth and continuing programs and services exist for leaders. Induction
and mentoring, including regular coaching,
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The LEEAAPS Model: Effective School Improvement
Leadership Effectiveness & Ef ciency Analysis & Action Planning for Schools (LEEAAPS)
Figure 1. The LEEAAPS Model
are common practice in areas where
student achievement is high in new teacher classrooms.2 A schoolâs capacity to sustain e ectiveness and improve over the long term is directly associated with the leadershipâs ability to comprehend and identify school needs
and leadersâ application of clearly articulated, organizationally shared educational values that are progressively embedded in a schoolâs work, culture, and achievements.3
e LEEAAPS Model provides coaching for leaders as one way of elevating educators. e Leadership Support Initiative (LSI) proposes four phases for this coaching: LSI Phase 1, the Foundation; LSI Phase 2, Discovery; LSI Phase 3, Intentional intervention; and LSI Phase 4, Follow rough. During Phase I, Foundation, a coach âwalksâ alongside the
leadership of a school, preschool, center, or district to establish agreement about who will be coached and how long the coaching will last. Prior to beginning the coaching process, the assigned coach provides an overview of the coaching conversation structure. Together, the coach, coachee, and supervisors (if appropriate) develop an agreement on the overall design and plan for coaching implementation. e coach and coachee devote time and discussion to fostering rapport and a trusting relationship. To ensure mutual understanding of the progress accountability in Phase 2, Discovery, using a coaching conversation approach, the coach strategically supports the coachee with the SFAs to assess current school instructional, organizational practices and student achievement results. LEEAAPS ndings from the SFA data form the basis for identifying and
March/April 2019 15
Coaching Engaged Listening
Empowered
Questioning & Feedback
Equipped Thinking & Re ecting
Elevated
Accountability for Actions & Student Outcomes
SFAs
Data Informed Observed Researched Feedback Informed Veri ed
E4
Engage Empower Equip Elevate
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16
Childhood Education: Innovations
building on school strengths that will foster progress and for naming priority improvement needs that drive change strategies in LSI
Phase 3, Intentional Intervention. Continuing coaching conversations create a systematic process for assessing and planning to remediate or prevent an educational or developmental problem. ese conversations lead to action steps.
e coaching process continues in LSI Phase
3, Intentional Intervention, to further develop plans into strategic action and open systematic avenues for relationship building, mutual understanding, and commitment to implement well-de ned, communicated, and intentional interventions for strategies aimed at (1) educator and school performance improvement to increase the achievement of all and (2) continuous progress monitoring, strategy assessment, and transparent reporting among faculty, sta , and community members.
During Phase 3, Intentional Intervention,
a coach engages the school or program leader and leadership team to ensure continuation of the coaching relationships, building for mutual understanding, schedule adjustments, observations, and coaching conversations around collegial intervention processes and strategy delivery methods and e cacy of progress monitoring for e ective improvement.
Educators from preschool through grade 12 and early childhood education providers in beta groups representing four states provided critical feedback on the LEEAAPS coaching model. Participants repeatedly commented that most coaching models do not o er comprehensive follow through over time to sustain positive leadership impact of change and improvement on behalf of students.
ey a rmed the value of LSI follow through for continuing with learner-centered, comprehensive coaching beyond intervention phases for education leadersâespecially for new and novice leaders and veteran leaders who are moving to new site settings or levels. e impact, integration, and sustainability
of successful interventions often depend
on how well intervention is strategically âfollowedâ to ensure progress is monitored and results-based adjustments are collegially made and communicated school wide and in the community. e purpose of continued coaching in LSI Phase 4 is supporting leaders to build and apply re nement capacity for sustained change, e ectiveness, and forward envisioning, to address the needs, potential, and possibilities of current and prospective individual students and collective student populations.
LSI Phase 4: Follow rough allows review
of what is happening with the intervention that has been determined. is is similar to progress monitoring, where adjustments are made when needed. Lack of follow through and mid-course adjustments lead to potential failure of intervention implementation and improvement. Follow through provides a continuous cycle of review, revision, planning, and implementation.
e process of LSI Coaching uses the E4 framework mentioned above and describes
the actions used by the coach and coachee: Engaged listening, Empowered questioning and feedback, Equipped thinking and re ecting, and Elevated accountability for taking action toward realizing goals and ultimately impacting student outcomes. e LEEAAPS coaching de nition and methods align with other recognized education, business, and executive coaching models. Notably and uniquely, the LEEAAPS model extends support for leaders beyond assessment, priority, and intervention and includes comprehensive coaching to ensure support for leaders during the follow through phase that is essential to ensure regular and fused observation and adjustments for sustained, e ective improvement.
In review of the LEEAAPS assessment and coaching model, leaders identify school performance indicators and analyze data to guide action planning in the SFA continuous improvement process. Leaders use the SFA indicators (see Figure 2) to re ect and
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determine if the essential components of a highly e ective school operation exist in
a school site. A fully functioning school includes all SFAs. However, leaders can choose to begin with any one of the
SFAs and build out to all other SFAs to complete the LEEAAPS process.
During the coaching component, an
education leader is guided through
the four phases of LSI using the SFAs. However, school leadership teams and
district personal also use the SFAs to
elevate educators to address challenge
areas or areas of needed support after
assessing school performance indicators. rough the process of leadership coaching conversations, LEEAAPS results from the SFAs provide the basis for identifying and building on school strengths that foster progress. A coach emphasizes identi ed strengths for beginning and sustaining work on areas needing improvement. Leaders and teams are learner-centered and learner-focused, working toward continuous and sustained e ectiveness improvement. Coaches encourage leaders
to see that earnestly envisioning success is more than half the battle. School leaders must inspire excellence by helping sta to envision the ultimate. e LEEAAPS Model for e ective school improvement is a form of Education Diplomacy that uses a cooperative, collaborative, and collegial systemic approach to solve educationâs greatest challenges at school and district levels using a positive, impactful means of intervention.
A leadership team at an American International School in Asia chose to work on SFA One: Vision, Mission, and School Values after complaints from the parent community that the American families living overseas were not choosing to send their children
to the school due to lack of public school vision and leadership. A mission statement must communicate a belief-based message
to external stakeholders and not just inform internal stakeholders.4 Constant review
and adjustments need to be made to re ect community-changing needs.
Area 1 â Vision, Mission, and School Values
Area 2 â Leadership, Faculty, and Staff Human Capital Management System
Area 3 â Managing Organizational Structure and Operations
Area 4 â Leadership for Instruction and School Improvement
Area 5 â Teaching, Learning, and Assessment
Area 6 â School Climate, Equity for Students, and Cultural Responsiveness
Area 7 â Professionalism, Ethics, and Professional Conduct
Area 8 â Communication and Collaboration With Families and Stakeholders
Figure 2. The LEEG Initiativeâs School Based Function Areas (SFAs)
e leadership team reviewed and adjusted the vision, mission, and school value statements to re ect the uctuating needs of the students and community, which had not been done
for 12 years. e new vision, mission, and school value statements were publicized on the schoolâs website and posters around the school, and in a letter from the headmaster
to all parents sharing the revised statements. ey found that as soon as the sta began implementing the mission, vision, and values, they began to be successful.5 Several new families enrolled in the school and more families attended school events. Parents began speaking positively about the school
in the community and to the sta of the
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American Embassy. e Embassy recommended parents traveling to the area check out the school or send emails to nd out
about a potential school for their children. Students articulated the mission and vision and felt they were part of the progression. is process elevated the educators and led to substantial school improvement.
Mutual
accountability
generates joint e ort, contributing to school-
wide and/or district-
wide improvement initiatives.6
True change in any organization is owned
by all members. e LEEAAPS Model for
E ective School Improvement initiative
Engages, Empowers, Equips, and Elevates
educators (E4) to practice learner-focused continuous change and improvement. e goal is to maximize personal and professional potential for e ective improvement and leadership of all school or program members and groups, including the students. is systemic capacity building is accomplished when leaders and school-wide teams work together to:
⢠Engage group members and support leaders in a process of systemic analysis, action, and review for continuous improvement that provides everyone
in the system with the opportunity to express their aspirations, build their awareness, and develop their capabilities together7
⢠Empower the school and district leaders to build a culture of collaboration, strong collegiality, high expectations for all involved, and equity-centered values and beliefs
⢠Equip school and district leaders with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions to optimize teaching and learning for all students
⢠Elevate school and district leaders to perform as change agents who consistently and competently create and sustain e ective teaching and learning for all students regardless of circumstance or setting (see Figure 3).
For more information about the LEEAAPS Model for effective school improvement, see Thinking That Matters: From Challenge to Change (Stephens, Widener, & Karge, 2018).
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Childhood Education: Innovations
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E4 Framework in LEEAAPS
ElEvatE
School & District
Leaders are Performance and Results change agents who consistently & competently create & sustain Effective Teaching & Learning for All Students
EngagE
School & District
Leaders collaborate in equity-centered systemic analysis, action, & review for effective continuous impact for All Students
MAXIMIZE Professional Personal Potential: Leading Effective Schools
Equip
School & District
EmpowEr
School & District
Leaders build on values and beliefs for an equity-centered culture of collaboration, high expectations, and success for All Students
Figure 3. The E4 Framework in LEEAAPS
Notes:
1 Hallinger, P. (2010, March). Leadership for learning: What we have learned from 30 years of empirical research. Paper presented at the Hong Kong School Principalsâ Conference: Riding the Tide, the Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong.
2 Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice? European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 291-309.
3 Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). e impact of leadership on student outcomes: How success-
ful school leaders us transformational and instruc- tional strategies to make a di erence. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 221-258.
4 Gmelch, W. H., & Buller, J. L. (2015). Building academic leadership capacity: A guide to best practices. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
5 Shanahan, M. (1999). ink like a champion: Building success one victory at a time. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
6 DuFour, R., DuFour, R., Eaker, R., & Many, T. (2010). Learning by doing: A handbook for professional communitis at work. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
7 Senge, P., Cambron-McCabe, N., Lucas, T., Smith, B., Dutton, J., & Kleiner, A. (2012). Schools that learn: A fth discipline eldbook for educators, parents, and everyone who cares about education. New York, NY: Crown Business.
Leaders gain knowledge, skills, & dispositions capacity to optimize
Teaching & Learning for All Students
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20 Childhood Education: Innovations
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School Leadership and Education Diplomacy
Amlata Persaud and Yvette G. Murphy
Childhood Education International
Within the context of 2030 development agenda and the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), school leaders are critical stakeholders for development. Achievement of the SDG agenda requires collaboration and partnership across all stakeholders and sectors. As a focal point for collaboration within their schools and stewards
for education among families and communities, school leaders need a new set of diplomacy skills that allows them to better meet the challenges they face and ensure inclusive and equitable education and lifelong learning for all.
March/April 2019 21
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Childhood Education: Innovations
Fostering and developing e ective school leaders has become an important part of education reforms worldwide.1 A critical element of e ective school leadership is the ability to forge and maintain collaborative working relationships within schools as well
as across the wider community. is requires both an intellectual approach to positioning school leaders within the broader policy-setting for education and development and a practical e ort to develop and strengthen partnerships.
While the renewed focus on the need to support school leaders with training programs, at both pre-service and in-service levels, that incorporate coaching and mentoring2 is commendable, increased attention should also be directed to the content of these training programs. Are school leaders being provided with intellectual and practical guidance that will help them understand and execute their roles in the education and development system? When designed correctly, school leadership training programs can enhance the e ective practices
of leaders.3 Education Diplomacy, a concept developed by the Association for Childhood Education International (ACEI), provides
both a conceptual and practical framework
for helping school leaders understand and develop the collaborative competencies to more e ectively complete their work.
is article recognizes school leaders as critical stakeholders for development and proposes that Education Diplomacy is a useful approach for understanding as well as facilitating
school leadership within the paradigm of global sustainable development. Education Diplomacy is an innovative approach to education sector advancement that has two key goals: 1) promoting and positioning education as having key intrinsic and instrumental
value, and 2) fostering e ective and e cient cooperation, coordination, and collaboration for managing and solving education challenges. Education Diplomacyâs focus on collaboration as a key strategy for achieving education outcomes matches the imperative for school leadership to embrace collaborative approaches, particularly in a development setting that
emphasizes partnerships and engagement within and beyond the education sector.
Sustainable Development and Education Leadership
Education Diplomacy played an important role in placing education as a key component of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the inclusion of Education SDG 4,
which identi es a set of targets for ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning. Adopted by world leaders in 2015, the SDG agenda is a broad and comprehensive framework that attempts to structure the multiple and interconnected elements that contribute to a better quality
of life for all. e new agenda calls for
balance among the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of development and asserts that they should be jointly considered and pursued in all initiatives. Education SDG 4 has 10 targets covering di erent aspects of education, and education is also mentioned
in the context of health (SDG 3), economic growth and employment (SDG 8), and climate change (SDG 13). Although not explicitly mentioned in the other SDGs, education is also central to the alleviation of poverty and achieving gender equality, reduced inequalities, and peace and justice.
A key feature of the SDG agenda is its emphasis on viewing development as a
holistic undertaking that requires input
and involvement from all stakeholders and sectors. is perspective re ects a rejection
of the single-sector or âsiloedâ approaches to development that characterized the framework of the Millennium Development Goals,
the development agenda that preceded the SDGs from 2000-2015. Such approaches were deemed to be ine ective, as they did not account for the impact one area of policy has on other policy sectors, they did not involve the full range of stakeholders necessary to build a complete picture of the development problem and craft an appropriate and feasible solution, and they did not fully account for the ways in which actions taken at one level of governance are shaped by other levels.
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For More Reading . . .
Practicing Community-Based Leadership
By Kathryn Fishman-Weaver
Six strategies administrators can
use to encourage everyone from students on up to be leaders in their schools and districts.
https://www.edutopia.org/article/ practicing-community-based- leadership
In contrast, the 2030 SDG framework emphasizes that the goals, targets, and means of implementation are âuniversal, indivisible and interlinkedâ (Article 71). e new
agenda enshrines this indivisibility through a speci c goal for partnerships at all levels and across all sectors (SDG 17). is has renewed consideration of which actors need to work with whom, and in what ways, to successfully achieve the vision of the agenda. It also invites consideration of new and di erent spaces and opportunities for interaction and collaboration.
In response to the integrated imperative of
the new sustainable development agenda, it is proposed that education leaders understand an âintegrated planningâ approach to education and development.4 In this framework, integration can be viewed âhorizontally,â meaning how di erent policy sectors work together (e.g., education, health, and social protection); âvertically,â meaning how di erent levels of government are coordinated (e.g., national level actors with district-level and school-level actors); and âlaterally,â meaning how di erent types of stakeholders collaborate (e.g., state and non-state actors, or schools with private, business, or community-based entities). An integrated planning approach prompts consideration of how all three
The One Thing Innovative School Leaders Should Do Before School Ends
By Jason Green
Learn about the strategy called âgenerativityâ (and four simple associated steps) that can lay the groundwork for growth.
https://www.gettingsmart. com/2018/06/the-one-thing-innovative- school-leaders-should-do-before- school-ends/
dimensions of integrationâhorizontal, vertical, and lateralâinteract, and invites education stakeholders to consider their roles and positions within this integrated platform.
From the perspective of education leadership, each of us, in our di erent capacities within the education sector, must consider how we can work together to contribute to this joint project of sustainable development. As we do so, we will need to develop the appropriate skills and competencies to reach across boundaries and sectors and forge e ective relationships and partnerships as we pursue joint approaches.
School Leadership and Collaboration
Within the education ecosystem, school leaders are recognized as critical for ensuring inclusive and equitable education and lifelong learning within the institutions they build
and shape. While the extent and nature of responsibilities falling to school leaders varies across education systems and contexts, the expectations are immense in any setting. School leaders are tasked in many cases with both system management and instructional leadership. Collaboration is a key element that underpins many of these responsibilities of school leadership.
March/April 2019 23
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Childhood Education: Innovations
Within the schools they manage, school leaders are expected to foster collaborative work
and relationships among sta , and between sta and students. Creating collaborative frameworks and strong working relationships among sta is considered a key strategy for improving instructional leadership.5 Such
a relationship requires a common vision and goal for success, and the structures to share resources, ideas, and provide coherent approaches to instruction. is type of collaborative approach and culture has been linked to gains in school e ectiveness and student achievement.6
School leaders are responsible for setting
the tone and vision of the school and are
held accountable for student learning and outcomes.7 e type of school leadership provided in uences the entire organizational culture of the school environment.8 School leaders are also responsible for overseeing administrative functions and the maintenance upkeep of schools. Models of âcollaborative leadershipâ within schools point to the bene ts of expanding the notion of leadership from one focusing on a sole principal or head- teacher to a networked approach that views vice-principals, or deputies, and heads of department and teachers as contributors
to a form of âdistributed leadership.â9 Collaboration among school leaders in such a way is another indication of the need to work together.
Looking beyond the school, school leaders are expected to view students holistically and, in recognition of the diverse student supports needed, to collaborate with other community stakeholders, including those involved in health, nutrition, and welfare. School leaders forge relationships with many di erent types of actors, including parents and community organizations or other entities that can help create a system of support around students that extends beyond academics. Working with di erent stakeholders is also important in fortifying the schoolâs resource base, building its relationship with the community and contributing to its sustainability. Building connections between schools and communities has been a key focus of school leadership;
with a sustainable development agenda lens, it becomes even more important to consider the schoolâs linkages to both its local and global environments.
In many countries, decentralization e orts, and associated increases in school autonomy, have augmented the roles and powers of school leaders. In discharging their roles and responsibilities, school leaders operate within varied organizational settings as well as a nested governance framework, with policies and di erent tiers of government shaping
their autonomy, accountability, and access to resources. School leaders navigate relationships with school-level bodies, such as boards and Parent-Teacher Associations, district education
Schools can leverage their own resources and those of other sectors to create synergies that can improve education delivery and development as a whole. This highlights the need for school leaders to think widely
and creatively about potential collaborative stakeholders.
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authorities, local governments, and national education actors. ese various entities and individuals require di erentiated strategies and approaches for successful engagement, highlighting the need for school leaders
to acquire the appropriate skill set and competencies to forge e ective relationships across multiple stakeholders.
e SDG agenda augments this already considerable portfolio of school leaders by opening space for school leaders to renew their consideration of how they work with others to achieve outcomes, and to re-consider their role in supporting the wider agenda of sustainable development. e focus on learning outcomes in the SDG education agenda creates pressure on school leaders to embrace âlearning- centered leadershipâ10 and re-examine their role in creating the conditions that support strong student achievement.
Attention is also being paid to the ways
in which the education sectorâand schoolsâcan leverage their own resources and those of other policy sectors to create synergies that can improve education
delivery and development as a whole. is highlights the need for school leaders to
think widely and creatively about potential collaborative stakeholders who may not be part of the traditionally de ned âeducation sector.â For example, schools face the challenge of maximizing use of physical school infrastructure in rapidly urbanizing environments where space is a premium and sustainability is a key consideration.11 Schools also must accommodate increasing numbers of students, while being mindful of their roles in providing a space for inclusion, cohesion, and engagement with wider sustainability issues in urban settings. ese multiple considerations bring schools, and school leaders, into relationships with a number of di erent sectors and stakeholders, including urban and municipal planners, architects,
or environmental interest groups. Clearly, the sphere of school leadership is rapidly expanding within a dynamic and increasingly interconnected development paradigm.
In uences on the Abilities of School Leaders to Lead
is articleâs brief consideration of the
wide array of school leadersâ important responsibilities supports the contention that an e ective school leader must be of superhero status to manage the multiple competing demands for strong direction and leadership.
However, the ability of school leaders to provide e ective leadership is mediated by
a number of factors, including personal characteristics, political in uences, institutional contexts, and socio-cultural settings. e nature of school leadership varies across di erent social and cultural contexts, and across and within countries. In particular, resource-constrained settings in the global South are often characterized by limited autonomy or autocratic leadership tendencies that can undermine e orts at collaboration.12 In such cases, the uncritical transfer of Anglo- centric ideas and concepts may not be useful.13
School leaders across the world operate in vastly di erent settings related to policies, budgets, responsibilities, school and student characteristics, expectations, and available resources. e understanding and practice of âleadershipâ di ers in important ways across di erent cultures and contexts.14
Research on how to build cohesive systems that support school leadership points to the need for well-coordinated policies and initiatives that address leadership standards, training,
and conditions faced by principals (Augustine et al., 2009). Strategies identi ed that help to build this cohesion include developing trust, creating networks, fostering communication, exerting pressure and in uence, promoting quality of leadership policies, building capacity, identifying strong leaders, and connecting to other reform e orts.15
It is clear that many elements and in uences contribute to the outcomes of collaborative ventures, but this article advances the critical role of the individuals who are part of and lead these processes. e management and
March/April 2019 25
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Childhood Education: Innovations
School leaders will nd Education Diplomacy to be a helpful guide in creating both an analytical and operational approach to stakeholder engagement.
leadership skills required of individuals who are increasingly being tasked with moving out of traditionally hierarchical structures
to spearhead and manage cross-sector collaborations are complex.16 Focusing on the skill set and competencies that school leaders have for discharging their responsibilities is a critical element in providing e ective school leadership.
Education Diplomacy and Its Value for Supporting School Leaders Education Diplomacy, as the name suggests, incorporates perspectives and practices from the eld of diplomacy into the advancement of the education sector. e âdiplomacyâ dimension of Education Diplomacy asserts
the need for greater cooperation within the education sector and across the sector, urging consideration of education sector issues as important ideals to be shared, communicated, and promoted. is aligns with a key responsibility of school leaders to promote their schools and the education sector at large as important features of development to be valued and supported by external stakeholders within the community. School leaders in many ways act as ambassadors for their schools and students, working to identify how they can advance education priorities and leverage
resources through collaboration with other sectors and actors. ey understand the need to build partnerships and balance diverse perspectives and needs.
School leaders who currently work within the system to pursue these objectives understand very clearly how challenging it is to build and maintain these partnerships. Many challenges will be encountered during collaboration, including the time it takes, establishing open lines of communication, overcoming inherent and organizationally cultivated territorialism, managing di erent expectations, navigating varying organizational structures and values, and working with di erent personalities.
Even when collaboration is agreed upon, implementation of a collaborative initiative or working relationship can be stymied by poor decisions related to the collaborative structure, procedures, and practices.
Integrated Planning and Education Diplomacy
Working together to achieve outcomes, at the school and other levels, requires a carefully developed approach and skill set. Education Diplomacy is rooted in the study and practice of the diplomatic eld and provides a framework within which school leaders can understand and practice collaboration.
Conceptually, it is useful to recall the horizontal, vertical, and lateral dimensions
of the integrated planning approach, which school leaders can use to locate the role of school leadership in the wider development setting. Education Diplomacy, then, helps to position school leaders within the integrated framework of sectors and actors working together across various levels. Education Diplomacy prompts education stakeholders
to analyze their own positionality, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as to map the opportunities provided from other stakeholders and sectors for collaboration toward common goals. School leaders will nd Education Diplomacy to be a helpful guide in creating both an analytical and operational approach to stakeholder engagement.
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Further, the Education Diplomacy model provides a practical approach to building the skills and competencies of individual school leaders, enhancing their ability to analyze and solve education challenges that incorporate multi-sector and multi-stakeholder dimensions. e Education Diplomacy â5Lâ framework (www.educationdiplomacy.org/)developed by ACEI provides a comprehensive and process- oriented approach for applying Education Diplomacy principles. Key Education Diplomacy skills and competencies that
are embedded into this framework include: communication, building trust and mutual respect, exploring in uence and persuasion, managing power dynamics, fostering consensus and compromise, and negotiation techniques. ese are some of the most important skills that education practitioners need to e ectively solve complex problems and create strong and e ective partnerships with di erent sectors and multiple stakeholders at local, national, and international levels.
It is not enough to encourage school
leaders to forge collaborative relationships without adequate attention to whether or not they have the abilities to e ectively
do so. Education Diplomacy is built on a recognition of diverse cultures, perspectives, and settings, and is customizable to di erent contexts. e Education Diplomacy skill
set provides a structure for thinking about individual school leadership settings and
a skill set for school leaders that facilitates development of unique collaborative approaches to problems.
Notes:
1 Schleicher, A. (2012). Preparing teachers and developing school leaders for the 21st century: Lessons from around the world. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.
2 Bush, T., & Jackson, D. (2002). A preparation for school leadership: International perspectives. Educational Management & Administration, 30(4), 417-429.
3 Darling-Hammond, L., LaPointe, M., Meyerson, D., Orr, M. T., & Cohen, C. (2007). Preparing school leaders for a changing world: Lessons from
exemplary leadership development programs.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Stanford
Educational Leadership Institute.
4 Persaud, A. (2017). Integrated planning for
education and development. European Journal of
Education, 52(4), 448-459.
5 Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2005, April). A
review of transformational school leadership research 1996-2005. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada.
6 Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. (1999). Can leadership enhance school e ectiveness? In T. Bush, L.
Bell, R. Bolam, R. Glatter, & P. Ribbins (Eds.), Educational management: Rede ning theory, policy and practice (pp. 178-190). London, England: Paul Chapman.
7 Leithwood & Jantzi, 2005.
8 Teasley, M. L. (2017). Organizational culture and
schools: A call for leadership and collaboration.
Children & Schools, 39(1), 3-5.
9 Hallinger & Heck, 1999.
10 Vaillant, D. (2015). School leadership, trends in
policies and practices, and improvement in the quality of education. Background paper for EFA Global Monitoring Report.
11 Bartlett, S., Hart, R., Satterthwaite, D., de la Barra, X., & Missair, A. (2016). Cities for children: Childrenâs rights, poverty and urban management. London, England: Routledge.
12 Oplatka, I. (2004). e principalship in developing countries: Context, characteristics and reality. Comparative Education, 40(3), 427-448.
13 Oduro, G., Dachi, H., Fertig, M., & Rarieya, J. (2007, September). Examining educational leadership and quality in developing countries. Presented at 9th UKFIET International Conference on Education and Development, Oxford, OX, United Kingdom.
14 Dimmock, C., & Walker, A. (2000). Globalisation and societal culture: Rede ning schooling and school leadership in the twenty- rst century. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 30(3), 303-312.
15 Augustine, C. H., Gonzalez, G., Ikemoto, G. S., Russell, J., & Zellman, G. L. (2009). Improving school leadership: e promise of cohesive leadership systems. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
16 Williams, P. (2002). e competent boundary spanner. Public Administration, 80(1), 103-124.
March/April 2019 27
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New ideas transforming education
An Innovative School Leader...
Supports a school mission that prepares children for a changing and more global world.
Anticipates obstacles and barriers to change that may hinder new and pioneering ways of thinking and doing in the school environment.
Plants the seeds of innovation and supports their growth throughout the school.
Allows teachers to take planned risks as they explore innovative teaching and learning methods.
Invites parents and community members to share thoughts on how to provide a dynamic and engaging learning environment centered around discovery and exploration.
Helps teachers translate innovative ideas about teaching and learning into day-to-day instructional practice.
Establishes a clear and compelling vision of school success that encourages innovation and engages teachers, parents, and students in that vision.
Helps teachers to embrace change and navigate their way through new experiences.
Helps teachers to nurture entrepreneurial, innovative, and creative thinking in their students.
Provides space and time for teacher collaboration so that teachers can share ideas and innovate together.
Supports partnerships with community organizations that provide opportunities for children to explore their inventive and creative interests.
Celebrates school achievements in innovation and shares successes and effective practices with other school leaders.
28 Childhood Education: Innovations
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Creating
Spaces Where Diversity Is the Norm
An innovative competency-based blended learning teacher education program in Ireland
Transforming schools to ensure every student has the opportunity to learn requires innovation at the teacher education level. The goal of inclusion is complex, and so it is critically important to prepare teachers to lead organizational change that will increase engagement and achievement of children with diverse learning abilities.
Emer Ring and Lisha OâSullivan
Mary Immaculate College, Limerick University, Ireland
March/April 2019 29
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Teacher education for inclusion from preschool and beyond continues to challenge education systems globally and prompts us to consider innovative solutions to ensure the diverse learners in our early childhood settings are enabled to achieve their full potential. e success of teacher education for inclusion will be measured by the extent to which diversity is considered the norm rather than the exception in our preschools and schools. e literature suggests that e ective inclusion is complex
and is associated with a strong government commitment, adequate resourcing, inter- governmental collaboration, a responsive teacher education continuum, ongoing stakeholder consultation, an understanding of the complexity of inclusion, and consistent internal and external evaluation processes.1
In 1994, Ireland was one of 92 governments and 25 international organizations subscribing to the Salamanca Statement, which asserted that access to mainstream schools must be provided for all children with special educational needs.2 e Salamanca Statement also identi ed a
need for investment in early identi cation
and intervention, in addition to systemic change in teacher education. Critically, it was noted that the success of the inclusive school
was dependent to a large degree on early identi cation, assessment, and stimulation of young children. A presumption in favor of providing for all children in inclusive elementary and high school settings was subsequently a rmed in a wide range of legislation.
Access to preschool education for children with diverse needs in Ireland, while clearly in uenced by international developments, is also characterized by economic, political, and social factors distinctively related to the Irish context. Ireland is a relatively ânewâ state in historical terms, having achieved its independence only in 1922. Compulsory elementary school starting age in Ireland is 6 years old; however, due to a custom and practice legacy, children in Ireland may start elementary school as young as 4 years old.3
From the foundation of the state until very recently, government investment focused almost exclusively on elementary education, to the detriment of preschool education. is led to the emergence of a costly and primarily private preschool system. In January 2010, concerned about alleviating the costs of preschool for parents, the government introduced a universal free preschool scheme for all children from age 3
30
Childhood Education: Innovations
Figure 1. National Framework of Quali cations in Ireland
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to 6 for one year, subsequently adding a second free year in 2016.1 In order to ensure that all children were provided with access to preschool, the government also introduced the Better
Start Access and Inclusion Model (AIM) in 2016.4 Twenty-four years after the governmentâs articulation of a commitment to inclusion
in the context of the Salamanca Statement, these principles are nally beginning to inform policy and practice at the preschool level through combining a universal and targeted approach to inclusion. A central element of this universal approach is providing for quali ed and competent early childhood teachers.
is article reports on the Better Start
AIM and an innovative, award-winning, competency-based blended continuing professional development (CPD) learning program, the Leadership for INClusion in
the Early Years (LINC) program, initiated in 2016, to be delivered to 4,000 early childhood teachers over a four-year period, as an integral element of the universal component of the AIM. e current data emerging from an interim evaluation of the LINC program suggest that this innovative model of teacher education presents extensive possibilities in relation to teacher education for inclusion in the early years globally.
Necessity for a Continuing Professional Development Learning Program in Inclusion
Research, both internationally and nationally in Ireland, con rms that high-quality early intervention for children with diverse needs, provided by quali ed and competent teachers, is critical. However, until recently, successive governments in Ireland had failed to prioritize the targeting of resources for the development of initial early childhood teacher education programs and supportive inclusive preschool services. A recent report commissioned
by the government indicates that while improvements in the quali cations of early childhood teachers are evident, considerable scope for development remains.5 e National Framework of Quali cations in Ireland (NFQ)6 (see Figure 1) provides an overview
of quali cations (e.g., a level 7 quali cation indicates an ordinary bachelor degree and
a level 8 quali cation indicates an honorâs bachelor degree).
All elementary school teachers in Ireland are required to hold a Level 8 quali cation. At
the preschool level, managers are required to hold a minimum Level 7 quali cation and sta working with children are required to hold a minimum Level 5 or 6 quali cation, depending on their assigned role in the setting. is has led to a diversity of quali cations
held by sta who are working directly with preschool children (see Figure 2).
e diverse pro le of educators working
with children at the preschool level therefore presents challenges in relation to ensuring that all educators have the requisite knowledge(s), practices, and values7 to ensure the e ective inclusion of children with diverse abilities at
the preschool level. âKnowledge(s)â is used
to capture the nature of knowledge as wide- ranging, rather than a single entity, which continues to emerge through a process of co-construction with children, families, communities, early childhood teachers, researchers, and policymakers. Practices are more complex than skills, due to their purposefulness and the requirement for the educator to
engage in ongoing critical re ection prior
to, during, and after practice. Finally, values
go beyond attitudes in requiring articulation
by the educator. e government, therefore,
was concerned about ensuring all preschool educators were provided with an opportunity
to develop the requisite knowledge(s), practices, and values to provide e ectively for children with diverse needs at the preschool level. In that context, the Better Start AIM was launched in 2015, and the innovative teacher-education LINC program is an integral part.
The Better Start Access and Inclusion Model
e Better Start AIM is based on national and international research evidence related
to ensuring that all children with additional needs can access inclusive preschool education.
March/April 2019 31
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year and 11% in 2015/16. The year-on-year changes in respect of sta quali cations are presented in Figure 7.10.
Figure 7.10 Sta working directly with children â percentage by highest level of quali cation in 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1%
1%
1.3%
12%
5%
13%
14.2%
6%
6.4%
38%
43%
43.1%
32%
29%
28.6%
11%
7%
6%
1%
1%
.4%
NFQ Level 9/10 NFQ Level 8 NFQ Level 7 NFQ Level 6 NFQ Level 5 NFQ Level 4
No EY quali cation
32
Childhood Education: Innovations
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
5
Figure U2.nQdeurathli ecCahtioldncsaoref (pEraerslcy hYoeaorlseSdeurcviacetos)rsRwegourklaintigondsireActtl(y2w01it6h)c, ahlildsrtea n working
directly with children must hold a minimum of a NFQ Level 5 quali cation, as of December 31st 2016. The legislation exempts those who signed the so-called Grandfather Declaration (as discussed in Section 7.10.4). The introduction of the legislation continues to have an impact on the level of sta quali cations, as the proportion of sta with an NFQ Level 5 quali cation or above has continuously risen (see Figure 7.11).
Figure 3. The Access and Inclusion Model8
e cross-government model in Figure 3 was developed following extensive consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, including the parents of children with additional needs. In accordance with best practice, the seven- level model adopts a child-centered approach by focusing on identifying and responding
to each individual childâs developmental level, abilities, and needs, rather than relying exclusively on formal diagnoses.
e seven levels of support range from universal (Levels 1-3) to targeted supports (Levels 4-7) based on the needs of the individual child. While each of the levels is presented in the model separately, they are inextricably linked, and this deliberate linkage emerges as a key strength of the model. Level 1 is considered the foundation for the model and advises that a strong culture of inclusion be fostered and embedded in order to optimize
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Working in partnership with parents and outside agencies
Principles of an Inclusive Culture
Actively promoting equal opportunities for all families and children
Adhering to the universal and targeted principles of support in the AIM
Recognizing and valuing the uniqueness of each child
Re ecting on your own attitudes and values
Having robust inclusive policies and procedures
Figure 4. Principles of an inclusive preschool culture9
each childâs learning and development. e concept of inclusion underpinning the model is described as a process involving a program, curriculum, or educational environment,
where each child is welcomed and included
on equal terms, feels they belong, and can progress to achieving his/her full potential in all areas of development.9 In essence, inclusion is conceptualized as creating a space for children, families, and sta where diversity is the norm. e principles of an inclusive culture are speci cally identi ed (see Figure 4).
e e ectiveness of Level 1 is closely related to the provision of information for parents and providers at Level 2 and the necessity
of developing a quali ed and competent workforce that can con dently meet the needs of all children at Level 3. Levels 4 to 7 of the Better Start AIM are concerned with the provision of targeted support. A team of early years specialists, based in the Better Start
National Early Years Quality Development Service, has been appointed to provide expert advice, mentoring, and support to ensure inclusion of children with additional needs. Levels 5-7 allow for preschool settings to secure equipment, therapeutic intervention, and additional assistance.
Concerned about progressing Level 3, in tandem with the launch of the Better Start AIM in 2015, the government issued a
request for tenders, inviting proposals for the development and delivery of a blended CPD program that would provide educators with the requisite knowledge(s), practices, and skills to e ectively include children with diverse needs in preschool settings. A consortium
led by Mary Immaculate College (MIC), University of Limerick, and including Early Childhood Ireland (the national membership organization for early childhood education and care [ECEC]) and Maynooth University,
Actively engaging children in decision- making that affects them
March/April 2019 33
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34
Childhood Education: Innovations
was subsequently awarded the contract for the LINC program. Successful graduates of the program are awarded a Level 6 quali cation on the NFQ and qualify to be appointed as INclusion COordinators (INCOs) in their preschool settings. All preschool settings where an INCO has been appointed are entitled to increased government capitation for each child in the setting.
The Leadership for Inclusion in the Early Years Program: An Overview e LINC program commenced in September 2016 and provides for 900 students each year over a four-year period. Delivered in nine regional centers by expert tutors through
a blended format, comprising face-to-face classroom-based sessions and online delivery, the program is aligned with national and international early childhood curricula and is embedded in the indicators of high-quality early childhood summarized in Figure 5. e program rejects the concept of âdisorderâ in favor of âdi erence,â conceptualizes diversity as the norm rather than the exception, promotes
child agency, and maintains a focus on listening to, and responding to, the voice of the child.
e LINC program equips early childhood teachers with the knowledge(s), practices, and values to support participation of children with additional needs in the early years. In particular, the program focuses on preparing participants to adopt a leadership role within preschool settings to help them support and lead other sta in the setting to plan for, implement, and review inclusive culture, practice, and pedagogy. Prior to developing the program modules, the consortium identi ed key competencies (see Figure 6) associated with cultivating e ective inclusive culture, practices, and pedagogy. ese competencies emerged as inter-connected rather than mutually exclusive.
e principles articulated in Figures 4 and
5 and the competencies identi ed in Figure
6 underpin six program modules: Child Development, Inclusive Concepts and Strategies, Curriculum for Inclusion, Leadership for Inclusion, Promoting Collaborative Practice,
Knowledge of How Young Children Learn
Knowledge and Understanding of Curriculum
and Professional Portfolio. e online interface incorporates best practice in instructional design related to cohesive program structure, the identi cation of clear learning objectives, e ective learning theory, academic excellence, and pedagogical strategies designed to optimize engagement in a multi-media environment.
A multi-faceted approach
to assessment is adopted throughout the program and includes an exploration of practice-based case studies, multiple-choice questions, essays, and a portfolio. All students
on the program also receive a mentoring visit from their expert tutor, who supports them in re ecting on the competencies for inclusion as outlined in Figure 6. ese re ections
Supporting
Children in Resolving Con icts
Assisting Parents in
Providing Learning Interactions at Home
Quality of Adult-Child Verbal Interactions
Figure 5. Indicators of high-quality early years provision10
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An Inclusive Culture
All children are welcome.
All children are valued.
A focus is placed on promoting respectful interactions.
There are high expectations for all children.
Partnership with parents/carers is actively promoted.
Difference is acknowledged and celebrated.
The environment accommodates the needs of all children.
All policies are inclusive policies.
Inclusive Practice
Transitioning to and from the setting is a positive experience for children, families, and staff.
Support for children with additional needs is coordinated.
Staff members are encouraged to take advantage of continuing professional development opportunities.
All staff are aware of their roles and responsibilities in relation to the promotion of inclusive practice.
The expertise of staff is acknowledged and utilized.
Inclusive Pedagogy
Childrenâs experiences are planned with the needs of all children in mind.
Strategies are in place to promote the participation of all children in learning.
A range of appropriate pedagogical approaches is used to support the holistic development of all children.
Play and playful learning are key features of practice for all children.
All childrenâs communication and interaction are promoted.
All childrenâs views are valued and responded to.
Early identi cation of children who require additional support is central to practice.
A variety of approaches to observation, recording, and assessment are in place.
Early years educators plan, implement, and evaluate childrenâs learning in partnership with children, parents/carers, and relevant others.
Positive relationships are understood and nurtured.
Childrenâs speci c assessed needs are understood as âsignpostsâ that support childrenâs learning and development.
External assistance is elicited where required to support the setting in meeting childrenâs additional needs.
Figure 6. Competencies associated with teacher education for inclusion
March/April 2019 35
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provide the context for completing the nal Portfolio module, where students are required to detail their:
⢠Personal learning journey
⢠Philosophy of early childhood education ⢠Personal pedagogy
⢠Re ections on process and achievements ⢠Areas for future development.
Students are also required to present a re ection on each of the competencies in Figure 6, supported by a photograph of an artifact/activity associated with the re ection and an integrated statement encapsulating all of the elements of their practice.
Emerging Findings
An 11-strand multi-method evaluation summarized in Table 1 is currently being conducted. e aim of the evaluation is to assess program impact with reference to the levels suggested by Guskey11 (see Figure 7).
Strands two and three have been completed for the rst cohort of students (2016/17) and indicate high levels of satisfaction with reference to Levels 1-4 of Guskeyâs model (see Figure 7). A large number of responses was generated (n = 391, or 46% of learners) through strand three, which indicate an 86% satisfaction rating for the program overall, as summarized in Figure 8.
Strand
Research Method
Overview
Time-Frame
1
Literature Review
Key components of effective inclusion in early childhood education; teacher competencies for inclusion; blended learning
2016-2020
2
Online Questionnaire
Participant evaluation of each individual module
2016-2020
3
Online Questionnaire
Annual participant and employer overall evaluation of the program
2017-2020
4
Semi-Structured Interviews
Consultation with key stakeholders
2018-2020
5
Semi-Structured Interviews
Consultation with LINC program tutors
2019-2020
6
Documentary Analysis
Analysis of program materials, documentation, and assessment data
2017-2020
7
Documentary Analysis
Analysis of quality control visits to face-to-face delivery sessions
2016-2020
8
Discourse Analysis
Analysis of blogs completed by tutors and graduates of the LINC program
2018-2020
9
Case Studies
Six case studies will be selected to encompass community-based, private, and setting co- located with an elementary school. Semi- structured interviews will be conducted with INclusion Coordinators (INCOs); Managers; Other Staff in the Setting and Parents. Childrenâs voices and experiences will also be captured.
2020
10
Questionnaire
Distributed to parents of children in settings where an INCO has been appointed
2020
11
Data Synthesis
Compilation of Final Report
2020
36
Childhood Education: Innovations
Table 1. Summary of 11-Strand Multi-Method Evaluation of the Program
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Level 5
Childrenâs engagement and achievement
Level 4
Participantsâ use of new knowledge and skills
Level 3
Organizational support and change
Level 2
Cognitive, affective, or behavioral learning
Level 1
Appropriateness of content and process in meeting participantsâ needs
Figure 7. A model for evaluating discrete elements of a continuing professional learning program12
200 180 160 140 120 100
80 60 40 20
0
182 (46.55%)
How do you feel about the overall programme?
2 (0.51%)
Very dissatisfied
15 (3.84%)
Dissatisfied
39 (9.97%)
Neutral
Levels of Satisfaction
Satisfied
153 (39.13%)
Very satisfied
Figure 8. LINC Evaluation Strand Three 2016/2017 Cohort
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Number of Participants
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Childhood Education: Innovations
LINC offers an empirically based, cost-effective approach to improving early childhood education experience for all children and contributes to the creation of early childhood spaces where diversity becomes the norm.
Given the signi cant government investment in the LINC program, these preliminary ndings in relation to program satisfaction are encouraging. While students in the program are, most likely, highly motivated to engage
in CPD, which will support their e orts to lead inclusive culture, practice, and pedagogy, motivation alone is unlikely to sustain engagement. e design and delivery of the program are critical if students are to remain engaged as they progress on their learning journey with LINC. e design and delivery of the LINC program incorporates those aspects of CPD programs previously identi ed as improving early years education quality: active participation, focus on theory and its application, opportunities for feedback and re ection, and opportunities for classroom observations and feedback.13 e content of the program engages students with up-to-
date national and international theoretical perspectives and places a strong emphasis on the application of theory to practice. rough on-line and face-to-face platforms, students have numerous opportunities to receive feedback from the expert team of LINC tutors. Re ective practice is an integral component of the program and the on-site visit from LINC program tutors provides an all-important opportunity to receive feedback on practice. A key aim of the LINC program is that graduates will be equipped to lead inclusion as INCOs in their preschool settings. So far, data from the evaluation suggest that graduates feel the programâs content and process of learning is equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed to lead organizational change that
The success of teacher education for inclusion will be measured by the extent to which diversity is considered the norm rather than the exception
will increase engagement and achievement of children with diverse learning abilities.
Conclusion
While the LINC evaluation is still in an initial stage, emerging ndings suggest that the program presents an opportunity to make a real di erence for society, families, children, and teachers. Critically, the high levels of satisfaction articulated by teachers indicate that blended learning programs that take cognizance of professional competencies for e ective inclusive practice can contribute signi cantly to teacher education for inclusion globally.
High-quality preschool education is associated with a range of positive outcomes for all learn- ers, and initial teacher education (ITE) and CPD are recognized as being strong predictors of high-quality programming.10 ITE and CPD have previously been associated with adult-child interactions that promote emotional warmth and security in addition to appropriate learning challenge.13, 14 At the policy level, measures such as raising minimum quali cation levels in early childhood education to bachelorâs degree requirements are often seen as impera- tive to continuing improvement of preschool education quality. Degree level training, how- ever, may not be accessible to those already working in early childhood education, is costly, and can serve to further rise the cost of early childhood education.14 Moreover, initial bachelorâs level programs may not adequately equip graduates for highly skilled and com- plex roles, such as leading inclusion. High-
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quality CPD programs play an important
role in improving quality, particularly when such programs emphasize active participation, focus on theory and its application, provide opportunities for feedback and re ection,
and incorporate opportunities for classroom observations and feedback.13 Given its po- tential to improve the quality of program culture, practice, and pedagogy, LINC o ers an empirically based, cost-e ective approach to improving early childhood education ex- perience for all children and contributes to the creation of early childhood spaces where diversity becomes the norm. It also presents a powerful path to truly achieving the equality and inclusion which, 24 years ago, when sub- scribing to the Salamanca Statement, was but an aspiration.
Notes:
1 Ring, E., Daly, P., & Wall, E. (2018). Autism from the inside out: A handbook for parents, early years, primary and post-primary settings. Oxford, England: Peter Lang.
2 United Nations Educational, Scienti c and Cultural Organisation. (1994). e Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education: Access and quality, Salamanca, Spain, 7-10 June 1994. Retrieved from http://www. unesco.org/education/pdf/SALAMA_E.PDF
3 Ring, E., Mhic Mhathúna, M., Moloney, M., Hayes, N., Breatnach, D., Sta ord, P., . . . Ozonyia, M. (2016). An examination of concepts of school-readiness among parents and educators in Ireland. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Children and Youth A airs. Retrieved from www.dcya.gov. ie/documents/earlyyears/20170118AnExamination OfConceptsOfSchoolReadinessAmongParents EducatorsIreland.PDF
4 Department of Children and Youth A airs. (2018). Access and inclusion model (AIM). Dublin, Ireland: Author. Retrieved from http:// aim.gov.ie/
5 Pobal. (2018). Early years sector pro le report 2017/2018. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Children and Youth A airs. Retrieved from https://www.pobal.ie/app/uploads/2018/11/ Early-Years-Sector-Pro le-Report-2017-2018.pdf
6 Quality and Quali cations Ireland. (2018).
National framework of quali cations (NFQ).
Dublin, Ireland: Quality and Quali cations
Ireland. Retrieved from http://www.nfq-qqi.com/ 7 Urban, M., Vandenbroeck, M., Van Laere, K.,
Lazzari, A., & Peeters, J. (2011). Competence requirements in early childhood education and care. Final report. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. Retrieved from https:// les.eric. ed.gov/fulltext/ED534599.pdf
8 Inter-Departmental Group. (2015). Supporting access to the early childhood care and education programme for children with a disability. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Children and Youth A airs. Retrieved from http://nda.ie/nda- les/ Supporting-Access-to-the-Early-Childhood-Care- and-Education-for-Children-with-a-Disability.pdf
9 Department of Children and Youth A airs. (2016). Diversity, equality and inclusion. Charter and guidelines for early childhood care and education. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Children and Youth A airs. Retrieved from http://aim.gov.ie/ wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Diversity-Equality- and-Inclusion-Charter-and-Guidelines-for-Early- Childhood-Care-Education.pdf
10 Melhuish, E. (2015, October). What matters
in the quality of ECCE? Answer: Interactions drive development. Presented at Organisation for Economic Development and Co-Operation Meeting (OECD), Early Childhood Education and Care International Policy Event, Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved from https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=2U1zoC6EUbw
11 Guskey, T. R. (2002). Does it make a di erence? Evaluating professional development. Educational Leadership, 59(6), 45-51. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1005&context=edp_facpub
12 Ring, E., OâSullivan, L., OâKee e, S., Ferrris, F., & Wall, E. (2018) An evaluation of Teach Me as I Am Early Years Programme. Dublin, Ireland: AsIAm
13 Whitebread, D., Kuvalja, M., & OâConnor, A. (2015). Quality in early childhood education: An international review and guide for policy makers. Doha, Qatar: WISE. Retrieved from http://www. wise-qatar.org
14 Slot, P. L., Leseman, P. M., Verhagen, J., & Mulder, H. (2015). Associations between structural quality aspects and process quality
in Dutch early childhood education and care settings. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 33(4), 64-76. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.06.001
March/April 2019 39
P:42
Combining the sophistication of modern communication technology with the simplicity of an unadorned mobile room, Portals are making it possible for people around the world to connect and recognize their shared humanity.
Empathy Machines
Harnessing the humanitarian power of Portals
40 Childhood Education: Innovations
P:43
It is a great irony that in this age of technology- supported connections, we are more polarized than ever before. Children have abundant online âfriends,â yet they rarely truly engage
in meaningful dialogue. Despite these
virtual connections and ready access to news through Internet sources, many students learn about people of other cultures only through textbooks or headlines and not through direct discussion. Given recent refugee crises and talk of building walls, it seems crucial that we encourage children to engage fully in dialogue across cultures and borders with an aim to building a more global citizenry.
For the past few years, children from all over the world have been able to participate in a global dialogue fostered by a technological innovation called Portals. Using a network of gold shipping containers placed in schools, colleges, refugee camps, and city squares, children and young adults enter these spaces and use an Internet video connection to meet face to face, in real timeâtalking, dancing, singing, eating, painting, drawing, and even âdabbingâ with one another.
During the fall of 2016, Greenwich Academy in Connecticut became the rst K-12 school to host a Portal, an experience that was transformative for students and faculty alike. Portals is the brain child of entrepreneurs Amar Bakshi and Michelle Moghtader, both of whom spent years as reporters in the Middle East. Seeking to capture in real time the poignant moments they experienced when the cameras and microphones were turned o , they created the multi-disciplinary arts, design, and technology collective Shared_Studios. Bakshiâs other motive was to create a space where his Pakistani grandmother, who longed for simple conversations with people in the land she ed after Partition, could chat about nothing in particularâe ectively having a cup
Kristen Erickson
Greenwich Academy
of tea with a friend in a foreign land. With
the goal of creating âwormholesâ through the Internet, Bakshi created the rst Portal in his Washington, D.C., backyard. Unfortunately, his grandmother died before the Portal was realized, and so the rst connection was actually to Iran. When he put up a sign reading âPortal to Tehran,â his neighbors called the FBI. Nevertheless, Bakshi was undeterred.
Today, the Portal network has expanded into dozens of locations around the globe, fostering thousands of conversations. With the help of on-site curators and translators in countries as far ranging as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Mexico, Honduras, Rwanda, Myanmar, and the United States, Portal connections have quietly fostered that most elusive of goals: empathy. Itâs no wonder these gold boxes have been described by one journalist as âempathy infrastructure.â1
At Greenwich Academy, we chose to place
the gold shipping container adjacent to our oldest building, a former Rockefeller mansion with a Greek-revival portico. e e ect was a disruption in our traditional school dayâas children passed the âgold boxâ on their way into school, their curiosity was piqued. rough the Portal, we e ectively invited strangers to engage virtually in our campus space.
e power of Portals lies in the immediacy
of the connection and the simplicity of the medium. Visitors step inside a shipping container to nd a grey, carpeted interior and face someone thousands of miles away in a similar space, thus eliminating external context and creating a sense of being in the same room. A Portal connection can initially feel uncomfortable, because it is so direct; facing
a stranger in another country, one develops a heightened awareness of non-verbal cues, like hand gestures, facial expressions, and stance.
A traditional Portal engagement lasts for 20 minutes and begins with a universal prompt: âWhat would make today a good day for you?â Few exercises create such an immediate sense of the di erent scale of values that exist around the world.
March/April 2019 41
P:44
42 Childhood Education: Innovations
W
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Black Forest is an inner southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Unley, bounded by the Glenelg tram line (north-west), the Seaford railway line (south-east), South Road (west) and East Avenue (east).
History
"A dense area of bush known as the Black Forest ('Kertaweeta' in Kuarna) once covered the Unley region of the Adelaide Plains. The woodland forest was a mix of grey-box, blue gum, red gum, native pines and sheoak trees, with grass trees, native grasses and orchids. These plants had deep roots that held the soil together and the plant debris that fell on the earth decomposed releasing nutrients into the soil."
In the early years of colonial settlement, the Black Forest was supposedly "frequented by bush rangers and cattle thieves".
There have been three Post Offices named Black Forest: the first opened on 1 September 1899 and was renamed Glandore in 1915, the second opened on 10 November 1947 and was renamed Clarence Park West in 1966, and the third, located on South Road between Byron and Cowper Roads, opened on 8 January 1996.
Demographics
The 2006 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics counted 1,846 persons in Black Forest on census night. Of these, 47.2% were male and 52.8% were female.
The majority of residents (79.0%) are of Australian birth, with other common census responses being England (3.1%) and Greece (2.3%).
Facilities and attractions
Schools
Black Forest Primary School opened in 1919. It is located off South Road and School Avenue, between Forest Avenue and Addison Road. The east end of the school grounds are adjacent to the "Forest Avenue Reserve".
Parks
The Forest Avenue Reserve is located on Forest Avenue near the centre of the suburb. There is another small park, the Princess Margaret Playground, at the east end of Byron Road.
Uniting Church History Centre
The Uniting Church History Centre is based in the former Church of Christ building on East Avenue.
Community Centre
The Clarence Park Community Centre is located in the Institute Building and surrounding buildings on the corner of East Avenue and Canterbury Terrace. The centre includes a childcare facility and a men's shed.
Transport
Roads
Black Forest is serviced by South Road, and to a lesser degree by East Avenue.
Public transport
Black Forest is serviced by three tram stops, two train stations and buses on East Avenue and South Road. All services are run by the Adelaide Metro.
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https://www.transadelaide.com.au/services/
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Services – Interstate Transport
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At Concept Logistics Interstate Transport Pty Ltd, we specialize in delivering comprehensive interstate transport and logistics solutions designed to streamline and enhance your supply chain. Our suite of services is crafted to address the diverse needs of businesses across Australia, ensuring your goods are transported efficiently, safely, and reliably, no matter the distance.
100+ Reviews
4.8/5
Road transportation is the backbone of our logistics solutions, offering unparalleled flexibility and accessibility. Our extensive fleet of vehicles is equipped to handle everything from small parcels to oversized loads, ensuring door-to-door delivery with precision. We prioritize safety and efficiency, utilizing advanced routing technology to optimize travel times and reduce costs, catering to both short-haul and long-distance deliveries.
Rail transportation presents a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative for bulk or heavy shipments over long distances. Our rail freight services are designed for reliability and scalability, accommodating both palletized goods and large-scale bulk items. With strategic access to major rail networks, we provide seamless integration into your supply chain, ensuring your goods move smoothly from origin to destination, reducing your carbon footprint while maximizing efficiency.
Frequently Asked Question
Our core offering involves expertly managed interstate road and rail freight services. Whether it’s palletised goods, full loads, or bulk units, we have the infrastructure and expertise to move your products across state lines smoothly. Our commitment to flexibility means we tailor our transport solutions to match the specific requirements of your cargo, ensuring optimal handling and transit times.
We transport a wide range of goods including palletised freight, full loads, bulk units, and time-sensitive shipments. Our versatile transport solutions cater to industries such as retail, manufacturing, e-commerce, and more, ensuring the safe and efficient delivery of your goods.
Our advanced GPS tracking technology allows you to monitor your shipment in real-time. Upon booking your transport, you’ll receive a tracking number which you can use on our website or through the Jaix Freight Management System to view the current location and status of your cargo.
Yes, we are committed to reducing our environmental impact. Our road and rail transportation options are optimized for efficiency, reducing carbon emissions through strategic route planning and load optimization. Additionally, our rail transportation services offer a more eco-friendly alternative for long-distance freight.
While our core focus is on interstate transport within Australia, we can coordinate with international partners for air freight services to manage global logistics needs. Please contact us to discuss your specific international shipping requirements.
Our blend of experience, innovation, and customer-focused approach sets us apart. With over 60 years of collective industry expertise, state-of-the-art technology, and a commitment to tailored, flexible solutions, we ensure your logistics needs are met with precision and reliability. Our proactive approach to solving logistics challenges and our ability to adapt and grow with our clients make us a trusted partner in your supply chain management.
Ready to get a quote?
Located at 89-103 Dohertys Road, Laverton North, Victoria, Concept Logistics Interstate Transport invites you to explore a world where logistics and innovation meet.
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