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0.999904	Dealing with Police can be an extremely intimidating experience. While the Police have a lot of powers set out under legislation to help them carry out their work you also have rights that are designed to protect you. If the Police contact me, what should I do? Police can ask you to attend a Police Station for questioning, but you do not have to go unless you have been arrested for an offence. If you have been contacted by the Police to come into a Police Station or to participate in a record of interview, you should seek legal advice immediately. What are my rights when dealing with Police? Some of the rights you have when dealing with Police include: To be informed of your rights by the Police To be informed of your right to silence To be informed of any charges and whether you are under arrest To refuse to accompany a police officer to the police station unless you are under arrest To refuse to participate in an identification parade To refuse to participate in the reconstruction of a crime To refuse to have blood samples, DNA samples, photographs or other samples taken To refuse to allow Police to search your property unless they have a warrant To refuse to supply voiceprints What if I am approached by the Police? If you are approached by the Police you should remain calm and respectful. If you are aggressive, verbally abusive or try to resist arrest you may be charged with an offence. By law, you do not have to answer questions asked by a Police Officer and the Police do not have a general power to arrest you purely for questioning. Do I have to give the Police my name & address? You are required to give the Police your name and address if: The Police suspect you are under 18 and have alcohol in public place The Police suspect you are involved in terrorism You were near where a serious crime happened You are driving a car or riding a motorbike You are involved in a car accident If you are the owner or driver of a motor vehicle involved in an accident you are required to provide the Police with the names and addresses of the person who was driving the vehicle and any passengers. It is against the law to provide a false name and address. Who has the right to arrest me and why? A Police officer can arrest you for the following: You are committing an offence You have committed an offence They have reasonable grounds to suspect you have committed an offence You are breaching the peace You have breached your bail conditions A warrant has been issued for your arrest To serve you with an Apprehended Violence Order (AVO) To apply for a provisional AVO against you A private citizen can arrest you if: You are committing an offence You have committed an offence What happens when you get arrested? The person arresting you should provide the following information: Tell you that you are under arrest Tell you why you are being arrested Tell you their name, rank and place of duty Tell you your rights including your right to silence Ask you if you wish to contact a lawyer or other person If you have been placed under arrest, the Police can only detain you for a maximum of 4 hours unless they are granted an extension by the Court or you are refused bail. If the Police decide not to charge you within this 4-hour period, they must release you as soon as possible. Can the Police use force to arrest me? A police officer can use as much force as is necessary to arrest you. This means that if you co-operate, the police can’t use force, but the more you resist arrest the more force police can use. Unreasonable force is an assault. If you think the police are using unreasonable force, it is best to be co-operative at the time and make a complaint later. Do I have the right to resist arrest? You should never resist arrest, even if you don’t think that you are guilty of an offence. Even if you are innocent, the police may arrest you if they have reasonable grounds to suspect you have committed an offence. It is an offence to resist arrest. If you try to avoid being arrested or use violence you may be charged with resisting arrest or assaulting police. Do I have to answer questions if I am under arrest? If you have been placed under arrest, you have the right to silence. You should not participate in a record of interview or answer any questions before consulting a legal representative. Most Police are experienced and will advise you of, and work within, the rights of the law, however, they will probably not warn you if you inadvertently waive your right to silence. There is no such thing as an interview that is ‘off the record’. Anything you say to the police whilst under arrest will be recorded. No matter how much you feel pressured to do so, do not say or do anything that may incriminate you until you have spoken to your legal representative. What is a “special caution”? In some circumstances exercising your right to silence may be used against you. For most offences, police can administer a ‘special caution’ but only if: You have had an opportunity to obtain legal advice from a lawyer and You are given the ‘special caution’ in the presence of your lawyer The effect of the ‘special caution’ is that if you then fail or refuse to tell police a fact that is later relied on in your defence in court, it may permit the court to use your silence against you. If you are not represented by a lawyer or if your lawyer is not present when police speak to you, this provision does not apply. For this reason, your lawyer may suggest that it is in your best interests they do not attend the police station while you are detained there. Do I have to submit to being photographed or fingerprinted? The police generally have the right to take photographs of you and obtain your fingerprints upon you being charged. Your consent is usually required to obtain a DNA sample, and you should probably refuse consent until you have first spoken to a legal representative. Do I have to take part in a Police line-up? You do not have to participate in an identification parade or police line-up; however, they are obliged to offer it to you, and it is your choice as to whether you want to participate. Once again, you should seek legal advice before participating in an identification parade. Do the Police have the right to search me? The Police can search you without a warrant if they have reasonable grounds to think you have: Prohibited drugs Stolen or unlawfully obtained goods Knives, weapons or dangerous implements Items that have been or may be used to commit a crime Items that have been or may be used in connection with a crime If the Police have a warrant, they can stop and search you, your car or your house. What happens during a Police search? There are two main types of searches – frisk and strip searches. Frisk searches Police can pat you down, ask you to remove your outer clothing and shoes, look into your clothing and belongings and use an electronic metal detection device. They can also ask you to shake your hair and open your mouth if the Police officer thinks you are hiding something. Strip searches Strip search can only be done if the Police think it is necessary and the circumstances are serious and urgent. As far as is practicable, the search must be carried out by a police officer of the same gender as the person being searched. In the case of a strip search, it should be carried out in a private area, out of sight of people of the opposite gender to you and out of sight of other people not involved in the search. A strip search must not involve a search of a person’s body cavities or an examination of the body by touch. Special provisions apply if the person being searched is aged between 10 and 17 years or intellectually impaired. Other searches If you are at school, the Police can search your bag and locker for knives or other dangerous things. The Police can also use sniffer dogs to search you for illegal drugs at sporting events, concerts and at other public places or events. The Police must provide the name, rank and place of duty of the officer performing the search. They must also tell you the reason for the search. If you do not comply with the search you may be committing an offence. What is a search warrant? A search warrant may be obtained by the Police to allow them to search your home or other premises. They may also search any person at those premises. Police may use reasonable force to gain entry to the premises if they have a search warrant. It is an offence to obstruct or hinder a person carrying out a search under a warrant. Why do Police use sniffer dogs? Police dogs have been trained to detect prohibited drugs. They often use these dogs in public areas, music festivals, gaols and railway stations. If a dog indicates that they have detected drugs then the Police may have a ”reasonable suspicion” which allows them to search you. Can the Police ask me to “move along”? Police can give you directions to “move along” if you are in a public place and they believe on reasonable grounds that you are: Obstructing another person Obstruction traffic Harassing or intimidating another person Causing, or likely to cause fear to another person Unlawfully supplying prohibited drugs Attempting to obtain prohibited drugs If you are intoxicated or affected by drugs or alcohol in a public place the Police may give you directions to leave the area for up to six hours if they believe on reasonable grounds that you are: Likely to cause injury to another person Likely to cause damage to property A risk to public safety Disorderly It is an offence not to comply with a “move on” direction. Can Police detain you if you are intoxicated? A Police officer may detain you if you are intoxicated or seriously affected by alcohol or drugs in a public place and found to be: Behaving in a disorderly manner Behaving in a manner likely to cause injury to yourself or others Behaving in a manner likely to cause damage to property In need of physical protection because you are intoxicated If you are detained as an intoxicated person Police may release you into the immediate care of a responsible person who is willing to take care of you. If the Police cannot find a responsible person or your behaviour is out of control, the Police may take you to an authorised place of detention such as a Police Station. When you are detained as an intoxicated person you must be allowed to contact a responsible person, be kept separately to people charged with offences and be provided with food, drink, bedding and blankets. Police have the right to search you and take any belongings found in your possession if you are detained as an intoxicated person. You must be released, and your personal belongings returned to you as soon as you are no longer intoxicated. Can the Police take my things? If the Police execute a search warrant, they can take things they find during the search. This includes taking things not mentioned in the warrant if they reasonably suspect they are connected with an offence. If you are in a public place the Police can take: Knives or blades Firearms or weapons Prohibited drugs Anything they suspect is stolen or unlawfully obtained Anything they suspect may be evidence of the commission of an offence If you are under 18 the Police can take: Alcohol Spray paint If any of these things are taken from you it is likely that you will be charged with a criminal offence. If you can show that you have a lawful reason for having these things you can apply to get them back.
0.999909	I'm a product description. I'm a great place to add more details about your product such as sizing, material, care instructions and cleaning instructions. I'm a product SKU: 36523641234523 $15.00Price Quantity Add to Cart PRODUCT INFO I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item. RETURN & REFUND POLICY I’m a Return and Refund policy. I’m a great place to let your customers know what to do in case they are dissatisfied with their purchase. Having a straightforward refund or exchange policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy with confidence. SHIPPING INFO I'm a shipping policy. I'm a great place to add more information about your shipping methods, packaging and cost. Providing straightforward information about your shipping policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy from you with confidence.
0.999997	The study, carried out at Kyoto University in Japan, involved scientists filling some containers with hidden food and leaving some empty. You can now buy your dog a paddling pool that has sprinklers Dog owners who spent £300 on vet bills find out lurcher with 'limp' was copying owner Dogs can sniff out Covid-19 in seconds with 94 per cent accuracy, new research shows Dogs can apparently tell when you're lying. Picture: Getty Images When they pointed to the tub full of food, the dog involved immediately ran to it. They then repeated the experiment with an empty container and the dog ran to it but found there was no food. The third time the scientists tried to encourage the dog to go to the container, it refused to go, seemingly knowing the person wasn’t reliable based off their previous experience. This was then repeated with 34 different dogs and the same pattern, meaning dogs could be able to tell when we're being dishonest based on previous experience. Akiko Takaoka - who led the study - said: "Dogs have more sophisticated social intelligence than we thought. “This social intelligence evolved selectively in their long life history with humans.” The study also explained: "Dogs are known to consistently follow human pointing gestures. “In this study, we asked whether dogs 'automatically' do this or whether they flexibly adjust their behaviour depending upon the reliability of the pointer, demonstrated in an immediately preceding event.” Researchers found dogs don't like inconsistency. Picture: Getty Images The study concluded: "These results suggest that not only dogs are highly skilled at understanding human pointing gestures, but also they make inferences about the reliability of a human who presents cues and consequently modify their behaviour flexibly depending on the inference." John Bradshaw of the University of Bristol - who wasn’t involved in the study himself - says the results highlight how dogs prefer events in their lives to be predictable.
0.983361	Some of the earliest countries to be impacted by the virus have been quick to adopt health certificates – but can immunity passports really help us travel safely again? share this article 1 min A Post-Coronavirus Scenario for Travel and Hospitality: Where We Might be Going — Photo: bbc.com The global economy has been severely disrupted by COVID-19, with the virus wreaking particular devastation on the travel industry. While international travel will eventually return, either as governments start to bring infection rates under control or with the development of a vaccine, it's a waiting game that many airlines, tour operators and hotels aren't willing to play. In recent months, the idea of introducing digital immunity passports has begun to circulate as a potential lifeline to jumpstart international leisure travel. "An immunity passport is a presentable proof of immunity to COVID-19," said Husayn Kassai, co-founder and CEO of Onfido, a London-based technology company specialising in facial biometric certification. "It is designed to help an individual prove that they have been tested and that their test result belongs to them, but without having to share any personal information." Read the full article at bbc.com Related News A Post-Coronavirus Scenario for Travel and Hospitality: Where We Might be Going \| By Woody Wade 25 April 2020 — Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the Industry Leaders Panel here at the 2023 Berlin Conference. [Squints out across the room.] I see that several dozen of you have physically made it to Berlin this year - thanks for your courage! We also have over 4,000 delegates participating on Zoom, an amazing shift in the way this conference is held compared to five years ago. Read more Special CoverageCoronavirus: Impact on the Hospitality IndustrySafety & SecurityNational & International Policy
0.931025	Search hundreds of travel sites at once for deals on flights to California. Bundle your flight + hotel and save! Round-trip 1 Adult Travelers Adults 18-64 1 adult (age 18-64) selected Students over 18 0 students (age over 18) selected Seniors 65+ 0 seniors (age 65+) selected Youth 12-17 0 youths (age 12-17) selected Child 2-11 0 children (age 2-11) selected Toddler in own seat under 2 0 seat infants (below age 2) selected Infant on lap under 2 0 lap infants (below age 2) selected Continue Economy 0 Bags Carry-on bag 0 carry-on bags selected Checked bag 0 checked bags selected Baggage per passenger Boston (BOS) California Sat 1/1 Sat 1/8 Any month Any month ---- Fall 2021 Winter 2022 Spring 2022 Summer 2022 ---- Dec 2021 Jan 2022 Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Search The price shown for each flight will be the average for all passengers including any infants. Bundle with KAYAK all \| none Flight 1 Boston (BOS) Include nearby California Include nearby Sat 1/1 Economy Flight 2 From? Include nearby To? Include nearby Depart Economy Flight 3 From? Include nearby To? Include nearby Depart Economy Flight 4 From? Include nearby To? Include nearby Depart Economy Flight 5 From? Include nearby To? Include nearby Depart Economy Flight 6 From? Include nearby To? Include nearby Depart Economy − Remove + Add + Add flight clear all clear all clear all The price shown for each flight will be the average for all passengers including any infants. Search Compare vs. KAYAK all \| none Include hotels Include hotels Good to know Low season August High season December Average price round-trip $248 Good deal round-trip $54 Good deal one-way $35 Best time to beat the crowds with an average 4% drop in price. Most popular time to fly with an average 12% increase in price. (avg. price over the last 2 weeks) or less or less FAQs for booking flights from Pennsylvania to California Which airlines have a flexible cancellation policy for flights from Pennsylvania to California due to COVID-19? American Airlines, United Airlines and Air New Zealand have all waived their change and cancellation fees on flights from Pennsylvania to California. Confirm policies on booking site. How does KAYAK find such low prices on flights from Pennsylvania to California? KAYAK is a travel search engine. That means we look across the web to find the best prices we can find for our users. With over 2 billion flight queries processed yearly, we are able to display a variety of prices and options on flights from Pennsylvania to California. How does KAYAK's flight Price Forecast tool help me choose the right time to buy my flight ticket from Pennsylvania to California? KAYAK’s flight Price Forecast tool uses historical data to determine whether the price for a flight to California from Pennsylvania is likely to change within 7 days, so travelers know whether to wait or book now. What is the Hacker Fare option on flights from Pennsylvania to California? Hacker Fares allow you to combine one-way tickets in order to save you money over a traditional round-trip ticket. You could then fly to California with an airline and back to Pennsylvania with another airline. What is KAYAK's "flexible dates" feature and why should I care when looking for a flight from Pennsylvania to California? Sometimes travel dates aren't set in stone. If your preferred travel dates have some wiggle room, flexible dates will show you all the options when flying to California from Pennsylvania up to 3 days before/after your preferred dates. You can then pick the flights that suit you best. Top 5 airlines serving from Pennsylvania to California Scores according to KAYAK customer reviews Alaska Airlines 8.3 JetBlue 8.1 Delta 7.9 American Airlines 7.2 United Airlines 7.0 8.3 Alaska Airlines Overall score based on 29,765 reviews 8.5 Boarding 8.3 Comfort 8.8 Crew 7.9 Entertainment 7.9 Food Airline reviews Cons: "Flight was delayed two hours." Cons: "Nice job and thanks for waiting." Pros: "Not impressed and we are card holders" Cons: "They wouldn’t let passengers by after using restroom . I stood for at least a half hour as I also have RA , Lupus , and 5 herniated discs . I’m confused as to why they won’t accommodate customers using restrooms" Pros: "The crew was friendly and professional" Cons: "Comfier seats, more leg room" Pros: "Staff has been amazing from start to end. From check-in to onboard the plane, everyone was courteous and a delight! You’re a winner Alaska Airlines!!!!" Pros: "Comfortable seats" Cons: "We sat on the runway for nearly an hour." Cons: "Seat not very comfortable." Cons: "WiFi didn’t work on my laptop for movies. Otherwise, great flight!" Pros: "Had a TV w/ lots of free movie options, seats were comfy, plane was nice and clean, staff was very kind" Cons: "This is the best flight I’ve been on, would recommend anyone to Alaska Airlines" Cons: "Late departure as the crew arrived late. Late arrival causing me to miss a connection" Pros: "Entertainment system." Cons: "Cabin crew." Pros: "Overall pleasant experience" Cons: "....." Pros: "Easy on, easy off! Departed and arrived on time. Crew were cheery and bright! Happy Holidays to all and to all a good night!" Cons: "Some of these survey questions need to be NA- my flight was too short for food service or entertainment." Pros: "I loved the speedy boarding process and atmospheric lighting aboard the plane and the complimentary coffee." Cons: "Crew was detached and came off unfriendly. Seats hurt to sit in after two hours. A 5 hour plane ride is uncomfortable and hot even with fan on. WiFi too expensive for my budget." Pros: "Pleasantly surprised, nice journey the whole way" Cons: "Flight from PHL to PORTLAND delayed 3.5 hrs due to weather... ok that’s a safety thing. But then the pilots couldn’t fly us to Portland due to shift restrictions. Told us they had to stop in BOISE for fresh pilots and no one was leaving the plane. Got there and they made everyone get off the plane and take their belongings with them. Meanwhile since we already missed our connecting flight from Portland to Bellingham they rescheduled us from Portland to SEATTLE to Bellingham later that night but while stopped in Boise we managed to get on a flight directly to Seattle and our son picked us up there instead of Bellingham. We were told our checked bags would go to their tagged destination so we drove to Bellingham to collect them. Not so. Luggage is missing." Pros: "Roomier than most flights. Pilot explained a delay. Friendly staff. Order what you want when you want on screen." Pros: "Nothing" Cons: "The stewardess, the time waiting on the tarmac and the many, many, many delays. Also my seating in the middle seat. I am elderly and handicapped and I requested a change and was turned down by the stewardess in very clipped tone of voice." Pros: "There was an infant in the seat next to mine and before I ever got to it I was moved to first class. It was a classy move. I will fly Alaska airlines anytime!" Pros: "There seemed to be more legroom than usual and the flight attendants were responsive. There was an excellent selection of movies to choose from and passengers could order from a small selection of free beverages during the flight." Cons: "A small snack of some sort would have been nice, as would headphones. Despite the selection of films to watch, they had to be viewed as close captioned (which not all were) unless passengers had brought their own headohones. It would also have been pleasant to see even one of the flight attendants smile at least once." Pros: "Ustomer service at the gate" Cons: "N/a" Pros: "Quick direct flight, easy check-in" Cons: "Small space" Pros: "Since they bought Virgin they have free entertainment and you can order food from menu. Good crew and comfortable seats." Cons: "Don't like that they are changing carry on sizes" Cons: "I was informed we'd get some kind of voucher for the 5 hour delay but never recieved anything." Cons: "The man next to me left his phone on so he could text." Pros: "The part where I got off the plane." Cons: "Late by an hour taking of, sat next to heavy people both side. walk way side you would think is no issue but the guy was so heavy that you was in the walk way. I received far to many crotch and butt rubs on my shoulder and a couple times to my face from people squeezing by. My seat should be my seat, it’s what I paid for. The continuous invasion of my already very small personal space just makes flying so unopealing." Pros: "Everything went so smoothly. I was surprised at all the food options available and how nice the people were. The plane was comfortable." Pros: "Staff great. Glad it was a short hope." Cons: "They allowed a nonserbice dog on board, a small chihuahua type with one of those bought online vests." Pros: "Alaska airlines has got it together, probably the best airline company out there. Customer service, punctuality, comfort, baggage department are all top notch!!! I'm so glad they're in Philadelphia so I can come back to this tightly run ship after struggling with other airlines for years!!! My experience was AWESOME!!!!" Cons: "NOTHING" Pros: "By far the best airline I've ever flown! Wow! They have it figured out and have an excellent crew!" Pros: "Easy and fast check in and boarding" Pros: "Seat comfortable" Cons: "Boarding Walking outside to get into the plane The flight attendant" Pros: "Everything about the flight was pleasant. The crew were friendly and helpful, the flight was smooth and ran on time. I liked the organic snack box. I would definitely fly Alaskan again and recommend it to my friends." Cons: "Nothing to complain about!" Pros: "Friendly staff" Pros: "Very comfortable plane and excellent crew" Pros: "Cute little propeller plane. Free beer. Nice staff. University of Idaho "Vandal" plane!" Cons: "Seats are a bit tight. To be expected." Pros: "The plane was clean. The crew was extremely friendly- always had a smile. Tablets for rent and with "free" entertainment on tablet. Boarding is from back of the plane- no groups." Cons: "Returned on red eye - too many lights on making it difficult to sleep. Not providing free movies, etc on a cross country trip. M" Pros: "Flight was smooth and quick. The airplane was a lot more comfortable then I imagined. Plenty of seat and leg room for a big guy." Pros: "Crew was nice." Cons: "Asked at check-in if my barcode was ok to use bc I did not receive an automated email for return check-in, she said "Let me see, yes that's good, but hurry up because you have 40min before your plane departs". Low and behold, security said my barcode was not valid and had to run back and forth to get a new one printed. What made it worse was the check in clerk wanted to argue her point and there was only one flight attendant available and boarding closed 12min prior to departure, I was standing and waiving through the gates window trying to get all the flight attendants attention. I could have made it but missed my flight. Horrible experience!" Cons: "No cranberry juice!" Pros: "Left on time. Quick boarding process & really liked that the back rows got to board first. Friendly staff. Arrive on time, even a bit early." Pros: "Empty plane!" Cons: "Flight delay...NOT Alaska Airlines fault." Cons: "All legs of my trip from San Jose to Seattle to Philadelphia and back were all delayed; so much so that on the trip to Philadelphia, I had to be rebooked on Delta; and on the trip back to Seattle, I almost missed my flight due to a 50 minute delay on the runway waiting. I found out that "officially", the plane was "on time" because the plane closed the doors on time. Also, same thing from Seattle to San Jose, we were delayed 30 minutes due to a tire that needed replacement. Again, "officially" we were on time, because the doors had closed and we were just sitting inside the plane." Pros: "Alaska is one of the best airlines to fly these days, and I've flown most. I have my mileage program on another airlines but I'd switch to them all the time if I could." Pros: "Terrible that I had to carry my carry on down the stairs to plane, lucky it wasn't raining, & then up a flight of stairs to plane with a torn rotator cuff. I felt like I was flying in the 70's. Coming back, a bald headed attendant was very rude. I did not get any refreshments on the way to Portland which they said was a rough ride but ride was smooth. That was ok, that didn't matter if our safety was involved. Also $25 for one bag is a lot to carry hair spray or a few things you can't carry on." Cons: "I did like the refreshments served on the way back from Portland to Reno. That was nice. A different attendant served us & he was very nice." Cons: "I wish they offered something other than cookies. Even peanuts is a nice option." "The flight was ok, the baggage claim took almost 2 hours. :(" "Annoying that every short flight is delayed over 40 minutes consistently . Why am i taking a 1 hour flight when it becomes two hours plus airport and uber time? Maybe we should all just drive??" "my row of TVs didn't work" Cons: "Missed this flight by a few minutes because the previous JetBlue flight was delayed by about 30 or 40 minutes. It would have been better if the connecting flight could have waited a few minutes, then about 8 or 10 of us wouldn’t have had to have been rerouted and spend nights at the airport." Cons: "Seat 14A had malfunctioning audio and the internet connection made it hard to stream" Cons: "the flight was 2 hours delayed but the staff continuously kept us up to date" Cons: "It was a 6 hour flight and I didn’t know only 2 snacks and a water were available on the plane until I got to the airport. Almost everything was still closed at the airport. We were quite hungry and thirsty." Pros: "It has been over 2 years and I still remember the service, comfort and atmosphere of this flight. Whatever JetBlue is doing, it works!" Pros: "I liked the male flight attendants on my flight. They were nice and cheery and was always willing to help. The inflight entertainment and WiFi was great. The snacks were also good." Cons: "I forgot to the flight attendant’s name but she was quite rude. I traveled with an infant who required warming up of her milk in a bottle and I would ask for hot water and she failed to bring it over. I requested hot water twice. Initially when the plane was taking off- she stated she cannot bring anything while the flight was taking off but even after take off and in cruising altitudes she did not come over until we rang the call bell and another flight attendant came over. Second time mid flight we happen to ask the same flight attendant for hot water as she passed by— she nodded her head but again never returned with the hot water. Again I hit the call button and another attendant came over and gave me water. I felt that she did not like attending to the flight guests and always seemed to give an attitude. I understand traveling with a child may be hard for others, but imagine the parents who have to care for a starving baby. The flight was also a bit too warm." Pros: "Nothing" Cons: "We were stranded at the airport for hours" Pros: "Crew was very friendly and responsive" Cons: "Would’ve been nice if they offer headphones. Maybe they did and I just didn’t notice." Pros: "Love the free WiFi. That was awesome and somewhat unexpected." Cons: "There was no coffee left on board when serving the second round - kind of hard to wake up from a 6 hour flight." Pros: "The steward was awesome! Very patient and funny" Cons: "Not a thing" Pros: "Very good service" Cons: "More food choices" Pros: "Crew is always fantastic, JetBlue crew members never let me down!" Pros: "Free WiFi and seat comfort!" Pros: "Great crew. Mint experience is fantastic, actually great airline food. Better than any other domestic first class. Free internet!" Pros: "Not too full of a flight" Cons: "It was delayed 3 hours" Cons: "Don't push a credit cards on us via in person brochures. I found it very unsavory." Pros: "The seat was good, snacks is good." Cons: "I wish the crew would did a little more to ask the people behind me stop playing the loud music and talking loud. Also rap music with bad language with children next to it is not a good idea. I actually like rap but not listening loud with the speaker on with kids in the plane is not considerate." Pros: "Lots of space and TVs" Cons: "If the flight was on time" Pros: "Friendly crew. Extra snacks and drinks were a big plus on a long flight." Cons: "There were not enough people that checked their carryons, which lead to a long delay in boarding. Jetblue people should have demanded more checked bags to avoid a long delay in boarding. The flight was painfully long due to snow, which is understandable." Pros: "I like the comfort of the flight and the kindness of the crew" Cons: "I'm disappointed that my carry-on has been charged like a suitcase, that has stolen time to reach my booked house in the city" Pros: "It was really nice having a USB charger under every seat." Cons: "Our flight was delayed by 2 hours and I was only notified when I had arrived at the airport." Pros: "The entire flight experience: seating, price, flight crew, entertainment, and snack bar are light years ahead of the other budget airlines. Never fly NYC to SF on any other airline. The crew was so friendly and helpful." Cons: "Everything was perfect!" Pros: "The crew and ground staff were accomodating." Cons: "Entertainment controller was broken" Pros: "return flight was better service" Pros: "They made us wait in the aircraft for 1 hour because they didn’t have assigned gate! I missed my very important meeting" Pros: "I love JetBlue's hot towels at the end of long flights. I also love that the have free (Good) snacks. They do have considerably more leg room and bigger seats, and the free WiFi is fabulous!" Cons: "The cleanliness of the plane in general could've been MUCH cleaner, but I understand that with quick turnaround times and getting in and out on time this is difficult. The air temperature was inconsistent sometimes too cold, sometimes too warm which made staying comfortable difficult. I wish they had more fresh options on the later leaving flights. Also, two of the crew members were SUPER chatty all throughout our evening flight and I could hear them through the earplugs." Cons: "BOARDING WENT SMOOTHLY, FLIGHT ATTENDANTS WERE GOOD, FREE ENTERTAINMENT WAS GREAT, SEATS WERE COMFORTABLE." Pros: "The boarding was easy, the legroom was great for economy, the service was straightforward and the price was fair." Pros: "The flight was mercifully short." Cons: "This was supposedly a first-class flight. There was no distinction between the "first class" seating and the rest of the seats on the plane. Apparently JetBlue didn't feel they'd gotten their cut for my first-class ticket to Zurich through IcelandAir, so they did absolutely nothing to make this seem like a first-class flight. I didn't even board early. I will actively avoid JetBlue in the future." Pros: "Crew, comfort" Cons: "Multiple changes in arrival time (5X total), tv was not working, WiFi was okay." Pros: "Smooth flight everything moved pretty timely" Cons: "Check in was a little hectic" Cons: "Delayed and departure time changed but wasn’t reflected until I was at the gate. They also changed my seat from the front to very back of the plane" Pros: "The in flight entertainment was awesome. They have free WiFi, Direct TV, XM radio and more." Cons: "The flight was so uncomfortable. It was hot in the cabin, and the seats seem to be even more uncomfortable than other airlines. Our backs and butts hurt, and nobody was able to get any rest." Cons: "I had to gate check my carry on bag, which is one of my biggest traveling pet peeves." Pros: "Extremely slow taxi-ing at both Boston Logan and SFO led to delays. Plane was very cold which made it hard to sleep" Cons: "Excellent flight attendants Clean, comfortable plane (other than the temperature)" Pros: "Long flight so drinks and snacks were appreciated" Cons: "The rude pushy passenger next to me who kept push8ng 8nto my space and stated that because I was on the Aisoe and he in the middle he should be able to push me 9verbbut that was not Jet Blue’s responsibility. Although the crew offered to move him to the back which he refused but it did quiet him temporarily." Pros: "Food was really good, but the cabin crew were up to JetBlue's normal outstanding service" Cons: "The range of movies is still pretty poor (if you're a frequent JetBlue traveller)" Pros: "Kindness all around from gate agent who gave us lovely seats even though my husband caught in morass of pre-holiday TSA line to flight attendant who we saw first hand give superlative care to man traveling with 2 children, one of whom had very high medical needs and required lots of accessible supplies. Comfy seats and great communication just seem to go without saying at Jet Blue." Cons: "TSA at JFK was having a rough night" Pros: "2.5 hours late boarding because there was no piliot or co pilot. They lied about reason blaming on grounding by san fran but then a supervisor said they were waiting for a pilot because they were taking out" Cons: "The crew" Cons: "My seat wouldn't lean back irrespective of how hard I pushed it. It went half way back compared to the seats next to me and then it got stuck" Cons: "Late departure; headphone jack on my armrest was faulty so I had to hold the plug in the whole time if I wanted to hear sound of movies; once we were at the gate in SFO, it took a good 10 minutes for them to open the door to let us off." Pros: "Again the on board crew was very helpful and were willing to vouch that the plane had mechanical issues not weather issues when the gate agent in LGB tried to tell me that I would not get reimbursement for ground transportation to get from San Jose to San Francisco. So the good is that JetBlue did reimburse me for the LYFT I had to take to San Francisco." Cons: "Well I arrived in San Jose, not San Francisco. So I arrived 3.5 hours late. Also, I did not appreciate when the gate agent told me that I could not be reimbursed for ground transportation because my flight was weather delayed not mechanically delayed. I understand that he/she may not have known what was the issue with my original flight out of Salt Lake. But, telling me that I would have to pay for ground transportation at 1 am to get the last 30+ miles to my destination made me really worried. If he/she didn't know and didn't have the time or resources to figure it out, I would have preferred if she redirected me to someone else or a phone number or email." Pros: "Crew were great, boarding process was good too. Great snacks and overall a good experience." Cons: "The plan temperature was like 85°f for the whole journey meaning you pass our, sweat, or get a headache. Also the seats were really uncomfortable." Cons: "The Jet Blue counter person was not helpful at all providing direction to us from International Terminal to Domestic terminal C. No help at all to passengers who are not familiar with Logan Airport. Major major disappointment!" Pros: "Staff was lovely. Seats were very comfortable." Cons: "I hated that little tv in front of me. It was so distracting and there was no way to turn it off." Pros: "Everything" "I had to cancel my trip because of COVID delta. My brother who I visiting got scared and didn’t want me to visit. I paid for insurance that you provided through your site. Allianz hidden in terms that canceling because of COVID fear isn’t covered. I was never offered insurance through delta on your site witch I would have bought. Delta isn’t even giving me a credit for a flight and keep my money. What a scam and I’m very disappointed in the services I received." "Really accommodating staff, and on flight amenities. I would fly with Delta again." "Recovery is taking its toll, The Delta employees are burdened with the covid restrictions costing then undue time to make sure they are complaint and its hard to do. Federal law mandating restrictions above local law is ridiculous. I did like the new boarding back to front, been wondering a long time when airlines would figure that out, but drop all the categories for pre-boadrings, only have one: Special needs, Military and 1st class, one call then back to front, half the plane was onboard before it got efficient." Pros: "Very friendly thank you!" Cons: "The wifi login experience could be improved. I purchased wifi as a guest when I had an account and had to spend extra time chatting with an agent to get it resolved. They were very helpful but having the option to login to my account at the start would be ideal!" Pros: "I would like to have ore of a grace period to check baggage." Pros: "Delayed" Pros: "Crew was very friendly and took good care of the passengers" Cons: "No wifi" Pros: "The crew went the extra mile to accomodate my bag due to not having a seat in front of me to stow it. Also, Delta Comfort was exceptional!" Cons: "Smelled like poop the entire flight. Actual poop in the lavatory." Cons: "We weren't alerted there was a chance of delays. Over two hours late." Cons: "Better food offerings" Pros: "Excellent crew and clean aircraft" Pros: "There was an incredibly large passenger next to me and I was essentially afforded only a quarter of my seat. It is not really fair for anyone to have to sit next to someone taking up twice their seat." Pros: "The crew was communicative and courteous." Cons: "There was a flight delay in LAX due to a maintenance issue. The captain and crew informed us before we boarded the plane which was excellent. However, they could not figure out what was wrong with the planed and delayed the boarding for another 3 hours, putting our 1900 departure time to 2100." Pros: "The crew WAS amazing!" Cons: "Not a thing! It was perfect" Pros: "Fast flight" Cons: "In one hour flight we could have some drinks and food. Snacks... can’t believe they don’t have any food/alcohol" Cons: "Wifi didn't work" Cons: "More comfortable than I expected for a 6 hour flight. 757 was quite spacious." Pros: "Nothing" Cons: "I came from a long trip from France, the seat I was assigned was not reclinable, close to the restroom. I was totally exhausted from the previous flight, not able to sleep at all and when I tried to stretch my legs by sitting sidewards on the aisle a crew member keep bothering me to keep my legs out" Pros: "Entertainment" Cons: "Food" Pros: "Nice crew" Cons: "Delta always delivers!" Pros: "Very comfortable, no complaints." Cons: "WiFi didn't work" Pros: "Yes" Cons: "Took off late. Other than that very comfortable and great experience" Pros: "great crew" Pros: "I really enjoyed the service on Delta. The entire process was better than what i've come to expect on airlines. My flight attendant was Kate, and she was awesome - super friendly, professional, thoughtful." Pros: "Overall service was great." Cons: "Flight was delayed 5 hours." Pros: "If offering free WiFi to Amex platinum card holders it needs to work f" Cons: "Fix it" Pros: "Better than average entertainment system for domestic flights." Cons: "Boarding done against logic: my seat was in the last 5 rows of the cabin and I was scheduled to board in the final group. When I got to my seat the first 30 rows were nearly fully, but the back of the plane was half empty. The whole time the gate agent was urging passengers to move faster through the aisle, but Delta should really rethink its boarding strategy. It shouldn't take 40 minutes to board a 757." Pros: "Crew was very kind" Cons: "Delta delayed us SEVEN times and I type this as we are rounding our 30th minute waiting to get off the plane at Logan." Pros: "Snacks that include a dairy free option like the kind granola bar" Cons: "We were delayed like crazy." Pros: "The flight was very good, no complaints, good service and we flew on schedule" Cons: "We were split into two boarding groups, one for priority and one for everyone else. This was good but the priority line was just a bit too far away for the announcements to be heard. This added a little bit of confusion. This was at gate B36 at JFK Airport's Terminal 4." Pros: "crew kept a great attitude throughout" Cons: "Having to find my boarding pass to deplane" Pros: "On time" Cons: "Take a long time to taxi to the gate & getting off the plane." Pros: "Clean plane, great breakfast options included with the flight. Crew was polished, helpful and genuinely nice! Gate agents at NYC were knowledgeable, organized, and quick. Boarding was a breeze. Impressive selection of movies for onboard entertainment choices." Cons: "I thought the $11.00 fee for 30 continuous minutes of full Wi-Fi access was a bit pricey, esp when it kept getting disconnected and ended being about a collective 7-8 mins of access." Pros: "Fast boarding and complimentary snacks." Cons: "I was seated next to a very large woman who came over the arm rest onto my seat." Pros: "The free TV was nice." Cons: "A tiny bag of pretzels is a stingy snack. Aeromexico gave us a croissant with two pieces of cheese,applesauce and a square of chocolate." Pros: "Was tired and the FA helped me find a row that I could stretch out on and relax. After a long trip from Moscow, the FA's volunteering to help and accommodate a beleaguered traveler was most appreciated!" Pros: "Seats were comfortable ... enough. Boarding process, once underway allowed me to get overhead bin and stash my other luggage in the seat below me. Flight wasn't overly booked (85-95%) so there appeared to be room for others to stretch out. Now about that crying kid..." Cons: "Ugh. Weather delays. The flight was scheduled to board about 7P but it arrived late and they had to not only unload the self-loading cargo, but clean up afterwards. Would be nice to get a better estimate as to how long it would take to board so that I could hang out in the lounge. In addition, departure from JFK was delayed as well, either we missed the IFR window or got stuck behind some traffic and I fell asleep on the plane only to wake up what seemed an hour later just getting ready to hit V1. No upgrade." Pros: "Being on time." Cons: "Force me to take a bad seat" Pros: "I didn't get a chance to get the gentleman's name at the gate, but he was able to get me on the earlier flight (since I had NO luggage and only 1 carry on that fit under my seat) and didn't charge me the stupid fee for filling a seat that was empty when I was giving up a seat on a later flight that would accommodate those who missed this earlier flight. Nice to see kindness in an industry that seizes fees on every opportunity." Pros: "All was quiet. It was an early flight. Nice offer of more snack choices than other airlines." Cons: "Didn't understand why I had to wait until getting to the gate to have a seat assigned when I purchased tickets several months ago. Since I was in the last boarding group, Had to check in my bag since it was already full, had fragile stuff in there and hoping everything is ok. it is what it is. Not anyone's fault but disappointing to have to do when I didn't plan on checking in and going to pick up at the baggage claim. This is what i wanted to avoid in the first place. could have at least offered to let us pick them up as we deplaned and not baggage claim!" Pros: "The temp" Cons: "It was too hot." Pros: "It got me to SFO earlyish" Cons: "Was told to go away and wait for name to appear on screen for seat assignment. Was seated apart from travel companion. Got to sit next to folks with questionable hygiene, seat broken. Seatbelt broken. Stuck in back of plane window seat and was supposed to be “happy”. I was brilliantly ignored by crew. Seat back entertainment broken snd flight crew never answered the call button. Got to watch bag handlers throw and drop luggage like true gorillas. Delta, this time you truely are the worst. Wont book you again." Pros: "We'd paid extra for main cabin so hot to choose seats and got in flight entertainment.. Staff were friendly." Cons: "No free wifi." Cons: "Zero communication to the passengers as to why we were delayed for almost an hour sitting on the plane" Pros: "They arrived on schedule." Cons: "Seated in the rear middle seat. I had no options to select a seat when I checked in or made my reservation that wasn't an extra charge. I'mover 6' tall and middle seats are painful, especially cross country. Airlines need to be a little more attentive to their customers' needs. If a passenger is taller than average, and the flight is more than 60 minutes, provide comfortable seating at no extra charge. If a customer has a short layover, which their system knows about since it is the sourve of the flight plans, put the customer toward the front of the aircraft since these flights are habitually late and customers end up having to sprint through airports to try to make connections." Pros: "We took off and landed early. The crew was wonderful and the snacks were exactly what I needed." Cons: "We landed early and were stuck waiting on the plane for an hour and fifteen minutes for a gate to open." "Compared to other US airlines, American is the worst. The planes are tight. Seats are uncomfortable and there was no option to buy food on a 6 hour flight. Also the free wifi didn’t work." Pros: "Bast trips!!" Cons: "Evriting is good!!!" Cons: "Enforcement of federal rules requiring children two and over too wear a mask. Flight attendant did not believe it was her responsibility to ask the age of the child sitting next to us, sneezing and coughing." Pros: "The crew.was so rude, even from the check in process" Cons: "Everything," Cons: "Sick joke of an airline they treat you like cattle even in first class if you can even call it that. It’s more like premium economy and the staff is not friendly they act like they are put out when you ask for anything." Pros: "Crew was attentive and accommodating for seats due to virus." Cons: "Delays could've been prevented or let passengers know, instead of being on the plane for 2 hours without moving." Pros: "The Consistency!" Cons: "Location of the gates in Charlotte are always so far away from one another!" Cons: "More leg room" Pros: "Crew was very hospitable" Cons: "Flight was a little late taking off, so punctuality could have been a little better" Pros: "The crew serving the plane didn't look like they wanted to be there. Somewhat abrasive. The entertainment was poor and not very easy to access through your mobile, Iphone and Ipad. If you want to provide a better customer experience, equip all your planes with seats video screens. Passengers on a 4 to 5 hours flight don't want to have to figure out what do to watch a movie or TV. I don't fly American that often, but wanted to give it a try to see the difference between you and the other airlines. I have to say that on the return segment (ORD to SFO), I was not that impressed." Cons: "See above" Pros: "Slight delay in leaving" Cons: "Baggage claim took 30-45 minutes after deplaning" Pros: "Landing" Cons: "Stewardess forgot to give me my coffee" Pros: "Crew were very helpful" Cons: "I have an injury so I paid extra for 'extra leg room" but there's a wall between economy and business class so very little legroom. My leg was hurting a lot and the flight attendants had to find me a different seat because I could not stay there for 5 hours. I wouldn't have paid extra for this seat." Cons: "4 hour delay for no reason! I’m never flying with American Airlines again!" Pros: "They had the AC on while we were waiting on the plane at the gate for 1.5hours" Cons: "That the flight was delayed for 2 hours, information was inaccurate/missing, they knew we'd miss our connections but did nothing except, "they'll deal with it in San Francisco" and when we landed there was no one in sight to help us--no escorts/expedite to gates, no one to tell us where to get rebooked, and after going back and forth between terminals, waited in line an hour to get rebooked on a series of flights that would get me in 22hrs later after my original flight." Cons: "The plane was so small no roller bags could be accommodated. All bags were gate checked. Retrieving all those bags while on the jetway was difficult" Cons: "Check in at originating and connecting flight very difficult. American Airlines could not find reservation on British Airways system. Was asked multiple times if I truly was booked on the flight. Four+ hour delay due to mechanical issues, delayed by union issues." Pros: "The flight and cabin crews handled an equipment problem and consequent delay, and information about it, very well." Cons: "salt free option for snacks; flight could have not been delayed but that’s not the flight crew’s fault. winds at sfo caused us to delay our takeoff" Cons: "if the crew/flight wasn’t filled with racist tendencies that forced a black man and his partner to take a new flight because his “tone” wasn’t to their liking when he responded to accidentally being the wrong seat, costing us 90 minutes at least of delays because they deplaned us all when all." Pros: "Much better flight in 1st class than in cattle car. Not happy about the extra cost just so not to be misrtsble." Cons: "Flight delayed 2hrs - but no fault of the airline." Pros: "Everyone was nice and it went smoothly!" Pros: "Everyone was so nice and I appreciated the chance to pre-board with my toddler! Thank you." Pros: "The flight crew was quite lovely." Cons: "People all over the coach section were complaining about not being able to sit together. Families with babies, couples, even ours (though the kids are old enough for me not to be truly worried as some were). Somehow reservations seems to have messed up an entire flight. We gave up trying to fix it for fear they would make it worse. Then the woman at the gate tried to get folks to volunteer to give up their seats on an overbooked flight. But she was screaming at us. Unbelievably unpleasant to be yelled at over and over again and told we could lose our seats. The poor weather likely caused flights to be rerouted into PHL so our flight out to SFO ended up 1/3 empty. FABULOUS. But the gate experience was horrible and the legroom, had it been a full flight, was miserable. I'm in search of an airline with a humane approach." Cons: "Too many delays that made me miss the original time I was to catch my connecting flight. Missed my appointment in Spain as a result..." Cons: "The flight was delayed. The food was not great. There is not a lot of space in these planes, and it was a long flight. There is no power supply." Cons: "Because they canceled my flight and i had to buy another ticket for 380$ and after that I realized my chair was available and i took a picture. It was really bad and i never choose again American Airlines." Pros: "nothing" Cons: "no inflight entertainment no outlets" Pros: "Very nice crew. The flight attendants were very patient and efficient. Flight was very smooth and surprisingly not overcrowded. For the first time, in a long time, when getting off of the plane it was very organized and not everyone rushing and pushing to get off. Everyone followed suit and did row by row, and no one pushing or shoving which is always nice." Cons: "The only this I would suggest is that on a longer flight you should offer better deals on food/snacks." Pros: "Flight had very few people on it so everyone could stretch out for the 6 hour flight." Cons: "The original flight turned around 45 minutes in and I missed my connecting flight. AA refused to try and get me on another flight the same day so I could make it to Sydney on the original day I was supposed to land. We waited 2/3 hours to board a whole new flight, and AA hardly compensated. If anything they should’ve provided a meal at least instead of a bag of pretzels. Flight crew seemed very inconvenienced and it showed." Pros: "Comfortable and wide seats in coach - as wide as or wider than my usual airline. Flight attendants were friendly and helpful. I had bad experiences with American in the past, but this one was surprisingly pleasant." Cons: "No free entertainment or meals." Pros: "Plenty of leg room." Cons: "No arm room when someone the size of an NFL player sits next to you and falls asleep with their arms relaxing into your space. Then they sleep open-mouthed with bad breath. I paid extra for that?" Cons: "Seats were quite uncomfortable, there was no entertainment options, there was no way to charge any electronic devices because the plane was so old, which meant I almost wasn't able to catch a ride home after the flight. For a cross-country flight, I would expect a better experience." Cons: "No leg room" Pros: "Flight was on time." Cons: "For a flight five hours or more I was disappointed that there was no complimentary food. It otherwise it was fine" Pros: "blanket made it comfortable" Cons: "No entertainment options" Pros: "I really enjoyed the movies on this flight and they had us change to better seats before we took off" Pros: "it was ok" Cons: "I paid extra for a window seat but had to sit in different spot. Set in isle seat" Pros: "The plane was comfortable and flight was smooth." Cons: "The shuttle to the plane wasn't bad, but would prefer not to have that element included." Cons: "No room, limited entertainment, mediocre food. Was a very uncomfortable, long flight! Luggage late coming off plane, missed connecting flight and was not very helpful in getting rebooked." Cons: "Again American Airlines was LATE. It was boarding time and no agent was at the gate. 10 minutes past boarding time the screen shows that the flight is delayed 25 minutes... but wait, there is still no plane at the gate! After 45 minutes the plane arrived, again had to be "cleaned" and prepared for flight back to SF. Customers were told the flight was delayed because Air Traffic Control issues in SF, but there was no plane in sight... Again I felt we were being lied to. The plane was filthy with garbage everywhere still. I will never fly American Airlines by choice!" Cons: "People still using mobiles as we were taking off. Crew seemed not too bothered." Pros: "The flight was >1 hour late, which the pilot told us was due to the LAX controllers changing the landing patterns due to weather. So this really wasn't anyone's fault. But there was a large difference in comfort between this flight and the JAL flight from Tokyo. Seats were smaller, and my wife and I couldn't get seats together." Cons: "My flight was delayed for 3 hours and they where rude about my flight being delayed" Pros: "The crew was able to seat my husband and I together at the last minute as my husband has mobility issures" Cons: "The crew seemed like they could care less about the passengers. Choice of either one snack bag of pretzels or a biscotti ~ very minimal. No headphones were offered for the movies." Pros: "I liked that the seats had chargers (even though I didn't need them) and that they offered entertainment." Cons: "Boarding was over 30 minutes late which ruined my SF plans. The crew was mot welcoming walking on or off the flight. They were also very rude when serving, one even gave me a super nasty look and mumbled something under her breathe because she ran into me. Just a terrible experience. They also didn't tell me baggage prices when I was there just swiped my card." Pros: "We were able to board first. The round trip flight was overall amazing. American Airlines is awesome when it comes to active duty flying. When try let him board early and took his luggage they also did the same for me as his wife and it was a great experience to know they care for both of us." Cons: "I didn't like the lady we sat next to! But you can't help that. So you all did amazing!" Pros: "The crew was very nice and competent and obbiously embarrased by whoever in operations screwed this flight up good." Cons: "Pleane departed two hours and thirty minutes after original schedule because of operational and equipment problems. Plane wasn't even in Philadelphia unti 6:00 pm. The guy at boarding (unlike the boarding in SFO) called way too many groupss individually, First Class, Diamond, Premium, Gold, Priority. This led to many people being refused boarding and told to wait. In SF they simply call first class and then all the rest or the Aadvantage members together before the land boarding. Much faster and more efficeint. Even though the flight was full there less than 12 people in the Diamond, Premium, whatever classes. And the guy taking the boarding passes was a jerk. He actuallly seemed to take pleasure in telling people they couldn't board. Might not ever fly AA again. At least never from Philadelfphia." Pros: "The movies" Cons: "Why are stews so rude." Cons: "Seats need to be bigger (wider)" Pros: "Without asking, the crew arranged to have my partner and I sit next to each other. That was such a pleasant touch of service for our trip. Also, the connection was perfectly timed at Chicago flying to Bozeman." Pros: "The text messages from United" Pros: "First flight I’ve been on where United airlines has adequate leg room for a tall person. A newish airbus plane. I’ve been avoiding United for a number of years cause their planes tend to be very uncomfortable for taller passengers. This is the seat spacing that all airlines should have." Pros: "The attendants were amazing, fun, attentive and provided for a very quick four-hour trip!" Cons: "Not one thing." Cons: "Delay for 3 hours" Cons: "The flight was delayed more than 4 hours. It was a bad experience with United." Pros: "I liked the extensive entertainment options." Cons: "I didn’t like that for about 10 hours there is no meal service." Cons: "The waiting in the lobby." Pros: "The crew was great." Cons: "Hard seats....." Pros: "Crew was great, and boarding was a breeze." Cons: "For the price, there should be better food, and a bit more breathing room." Pros: "Crew was helpful and everything went as planned" Cons: "Smaller seats" Pros: "My father passed away earlier that day and I needed a ticket quickly to fly home. At the airport I was a mess and the airline counter attendant was so amazing helping me ( I had never flown United and had no idea about their luggage policies ect..). She quickly pulled me aside.. helped me with checking in and did her best to fine me another seat thatvwas better than the one I had already chosen.Also, she gave me a hug and her condolences. Flying with an airline that has heart helped me so much during one of the most difficult times of my life. I will absolutely fly with them again." Cons: "No complaints ... but I paid for a movie to take my mind off of my father's passing during the flight and there was a short in my monitor for our whole row. It kept cutting in and out and "searching for signal", I only was able to see 1/4 of the movie I paid for with all the interruptions in signal." Pros: "The people were all very nice. The plane was top-notch. Would definitely fly with them again if I had the opportunity." Cons: "The boarding lasted much longer than I had anticipated. I was also not informed of when my group was boarding at the proper time." Pros: "Flight crew did everything possible to make up time lost from a maintenance delay." Cons: "Crew member splattered me with tonic from a can he opened for the passenger in front of me. No harm done, however." Pros: "I liked that we flew directly into Palm Springs, which is my local airport." Cons: "I didn't like how tight the seating spaces were. I'm a thin, small person and I was not comfortable. I can't imagine how a taller or heavier person could be accommodated comfortably. I never thought I'd say this ... but I've now decided I prefer taking the train because domestic air travel is just too confining!" Pros: "a little bit more foot-room than my previous flight on a different airline." Pros: "The stroopwaffles were a tasty treat. The flight was well managed and crew was attentive and professional. I never have problems with United and like how pilots keep us informed with when to expect turbulence. The first hour through storms was a bit scary. T.v. on the seats was a good feature but I didn't order anything." Cons: "I put my phone in the pocket in front of me and when I took it out it was sticky with gum someone put in there. Inevitably crew can't check every pocket and nook for gum or garbage from previous travelers. I don't blame them. We almost were asked to leave the flight bc it was overbooked by 2 seats. Made me a bit nervous when we walked by check-in and they pointed out we were a traveling pair. Lucky there were a few others" Pros: "Landing safely." Cons: "Everything else. I flew from PHL to IAH and was very unhappy with the experience. The gate agents were unfriendly. The bag check agents downstairs were unfriendly. I had two separate phone calls with United a week prior to the flight to understand and confirm the bag policy. This was AFTER booking my flight so they knew upfront I bought a basic economy ticket. After my first call, I understood a personal item would be free and I would be able to pay for my carry on bag, but only within 24 hours prior to the flight. I made a second call to be absolutely sure the previous agent gave me the correct information and pricing. So I paid the $25 for my carry on, checked in online, and waited at the gate while boarding at the very end because I was basic economy. They did not let me board with my bag. They requested another $50 to check my carry on with them or I would be rebooked. I struggled to afford the flight, let alone the carry on fee I had paid in advance. I literally did not have the money, and even if I had the cash, they only accept plastic. What blew me away was they weren't asking me to check my carry on because of the size. But because of my basic economy ticket, aka, the N fare. Despite checking with two employees by phone after buying my ticket and paying for a carry on in advance, there is a rule in place that states "if you have purchased Basic Economy, you will only be allowed one personal item, unless you are a Premier member or a primary card member using a qualifying MileagePlus credit card." Therefore, there is no alternative. You are a second class citizen; a no good deplorable, when you buy this ticket and there is nothing you can do to upgrade it. Only the "premier" passengers have the right to bring a carry on aboard even if you think you're paying for the privelage. What I was expected to somehow understand after asking two United employees prior if I could purchase the right to bring a carry on bag aboard, was to CHECK my CARRY ON downstairs or learn the hard way. Wow. What a ruthless way to learn this lesson. I waited 7 more hours to board the next available flight. What a nightmare. I thought I had did the appropriate research necessary and planned in advance to avoid these situations. Checking in online and contacting customer service prior is no longer the convenience it used to be. Even if you've done your research, bring additional funds with you. Even if you check in online and have a digital boarding pass, always check in with a real human prior to entering the TSA security line. A side note, United is trying to save money while "speeding up" the process by forcing you to use a computer to hand over your checked luggage. Speaking with a human now is a monumental struggle." Pros: "Flight wasn't full so got to sit w/o middle seat psgr." Cons: "UA app for in flight movie kept losing contact or sound." Pros: "Stewardess was nice" Cons: "Delayed, then when we got here no lanes to land. Seats are way to small for normal sized people." Cons: "Just give free wi fi already" Cons: "I didn't realize how you can no longer be accommodated without being charged for everything." Pros: "All aspects - crew were pleasant, flight was on time and smooth, meal was reasonable" Pros: "I fly weekly, but try never to book United because there are always issues with my support animal. Without fail, regardless of the city, the agents at check-in do not know what to do. Each time I'm met with annoyance at having to check me in, and I usually end up calling either the disabilities desk and handing the agent my phone, or asking for the CRO. I have to leave an extra 45 minutes to accommodate flying United every time -- ridiculous. This time I also got a load of unprofessional gate agents cooing and awwing at my my support animal, and trying to pet him. When this happens I always simply state, "please don't" and this was key with rudeness as well. United please provide us with more professional and adequately trained staff at the airports. Once we're on the planes it's fine. But you seem to have VERY low hiring standards for airport staff" Pros: "From check-in to touchdown, my travel over this Christmas was awesome! Flights were on time, security ran smoothly, and I would use Kayak again for sure." Pros: "My flight stopped for over 2 hours for refueling which caused me to miss my coneccting flight, plus 2 other reschedual flights. Then no one would accomodate me on account of this. Never flying united again" Pros: "Stewardess were very nice" Cons: "Tried to change flight to different day cost was rediculus united wanted an additional amount equal to the cost of the whole round trip not very helpful Were TSA approved going but not returning At 84 did not appreciate this. Will not fly United again if I have a choise" Pros: "The flight attendants were friendly and attentive to my needs. I like good service and friendliness so for this experience I give 5 stars" Cons: "I was uncomfortable in my seat but that's expected on an airplane" Pros: "Free beverage and snack. Flight attendants were nice." Cons: "Sat inside the airplane for more than an hour! It was horrible. Why have the customers board the aircraft when crew members know that we're going to be delayed due to weather?! Ridiculous." Pros: "United got me from point A to point B" Cons: "Crew was rude, not just to me, but to other patrons. Flight was packed going and the man scanning boarding passes spoke to those of us asking simple questions as if we were stupid and defiant. Was he a prison guard in his previous job? On the way to Newark, I had an aisle seat. One of the stewardesses blazed by me with a cart ramming it into my shoulder without so much as a, "sorry." I'm not a big woman but maybe as I dozed off I leaned over a bit...There is no way she didn't feel her cart hit me. Rudeness, it seems is a part of the culture at United because the flight attendants coming back squeezed past the long line for the bathroom without saying, "excuse me." They did however, say, "I need to get by," and one of them brushed by the gentlemen sitting next to me and bumped his laptop and coffee. Overall it seems that the crew working these particular United flights have forgotten that we pay hard earned money to fly. Some of us are going on vacation, to see loved ones, and some are flying to deal with unpleasant circumstances. The staff may fly several times a day, but most passengers do not. There's a lot of prep and anxiety, that goes into taking a flight and a surly flight crew multiplies that anxiety. No one wants to fly with a crew that hates their job." Pros: "The crew was nice and great with the three very young kids sitting in front of me. Left and landed on time!" Cons: "Very cramped seating. The on flight entertainment kept searching for a satillite signal, only ever staying on for 30 seconds before searching for the next 3 minutes." Pros: "Seats are comfy" Cons: "Food service sucks" Pros: "I'm handicapped and the help getting from terminal to terminal. The people were very helpful." Cons: "I have metal leg braces. I had to remove them to get in the seat. So the flight was uncomfortable. It would be nice if the plane could have handicapped seating.I know I wouldn't have minded paying a little more for comfortable seating." Pros: "Pilots and some flight attendants were kind and friendly." Cons: "On the return home, I was seated in the last row right next to the lavatory. I was bumped into at least 25 times by other passengers and flight attendants. I would suggest removing the aisle seat on both sides." Cons: "First leg delayed on Tarmac for over an hour so I missed my connection. Then united rebooked me for the next day but gave me no voucher or money towards a hotel so I had to get one myself since it was all night in the Houston airport.mthem the rebooked flight had mechanical problems we had to change airplanes, and gates/terminals and were delayed another 2.5 hours. It was terrible." Pros: "Nothing" Cons: "Plane was delayed due to fuel issue. Missed connecting flight and was put in economy when I paid for first class." Cons: "Either ran out of or no snacks offered. Crew seemed a little impatient" Cons: "Where do I start. Let's start with booking and the lack of knowledge, inability to listen and respond in an appropriate manner, and the fact that after I asked to speak to a manager due to the previous issues with the agent, and after being transferred all I needed was some understanding and support due to a family emergency and instead I get a short rude push back and then hung up on by the manager after I expressed my struggle and desperation for help. The lack of empathy and just the overall experience was beyond horrible, and if it wasn't for the desperate situation I was in I would have never used your services." Cons: "they didn't serve us, not even water. Also they tried to land once and they could not and then they took us back and retried. Not an explanation or anything.. I believe that the pilots didn't know what they were doing.... I fly frequently but this is one of the worst experience, plus have in mind that you go to Palm Springs to enjoy and relax not to die.., If you have turbulence least announce the passengers and prepare them." Pros: "It was a light flight, so I could have my carry-on with me even though I was in group 5. The breakfast -- berry pecan French toast -- was surprisingly tasty and satisfying (if not very attractively presented)." Cons: "Too bad I had to pay so much for the exit row seat. I'm tall and it's needed for standard comfort (as opposed to extra comfort). Oh well. Gotta squeeze those dollars out of the passengers every way they can." Pros: "Got me safely to my destination. Other passengers were friendly and helpful. Sf and Vic airports nice. flight attendants passably pleasant. No food that I was aware of. Entertainment at least there was a wifi option since there were no screens." Cons: "Check in agents all might as well have been robots, but with bad attitude. Even at the star alliance gold checkin desk the agent was clearly unhappy/furious (seem to be ongoing issues with the system/ machine frustrating him) and was consistently abrupt and cold though our interaction. He did help by lifting bags onto weigh and to press buttons to get the tickets issued, but I would have a much better experience of United if he has shown any sign of warmth or even smiled. I was struggling with a baby in a carrier, and several suitcase, and he didn't show any sign of humanity. The guy who labeled our bags was a bit nicer. The team overal though just barked instructions at the customers, never looked them in the eyes, and seemed to all hate their jobs. We got our boarding passes issues successfully, yes, but I felt on pins and needles like I had to be very careful not to offend anyone.... Which I don't think is what you want your passengers to feel at the start of a flight." Pros: "Boarding was efficient and the crew was competent." Cons: "United charges you extra for everything. Economy is uncomfortable." Cons: "I asked a staff member a question about my checked luggage and I felt like he blew me off. No big deal though." Pros: "Nothing!" Cons: "My first time flying through United and I am dissapointed my flight was delayed over 6 hours and we get no refund for that? Really United? Aren't you suppose to be a top airline for a reason. Never again" Pros: "The flight staff were courteous." Cons: "The seats were too tight I was squished to the window by big person next to me and the person front of me reclined to tighten up the space more. My seat could not recline" Cons: "Seats in economy are always short on the knees. Paying $25 for checked bag is way out of line. Free is better, but $10 max would be more than enough since fuel charges have gone way down for all air lines." Cons: "Had to go through the boarding process twice due to molding in the passenger area that needed to be glued. Perhaps an inspection could have been made prior to boarding?" Cons: "I paid for my luggage in advance and when I arrived at Philly airport it was not acknowledged" Read more about Alaska Airlines COVID-19 information Safety measures for airlines flying from Pennsylvania to California Airlines flying from Pennsylvania to California have enacted additional safety measures and adjusted policies to better accommodate travelers. Policies vary by airline. Heightened sanitation Daily cleaning, installation of cabin HEPA filters on flights from Pennsylvania to California Mandatory masks Masks required on board, masks provided on flights from Pennsylvania to California Social distancing seating Middle seats unavailable to book on flights from Pennsylvania to California Pre-flight testing Testing for antibodies, testing for symptoms for flights from Pennsylvania to California Flexible cancellations Waiving of change fees. 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0.975662	Jan 08, 2017 What Mining Conditions in South Africa are like The African continent is known across the world for its natural beauty and even more so for its mineral wealth South Africa in particular has a massive mining industry – it is a major source of diamonds, gold, platinum and coal, and is home to most of the deepest mines Estimated Reading Time: 3 mins Grade 8 Term 2: The Mineral Revolution in South Africa In 2007, gold mining in South Africa employed over 240 000 people and accounted for R49 billion in foreign currency earnings Conditions Underground A mineworker trying to protect himself from the dust in the mines Image source Ezulwini gold and uranium mining, Gauteng, South Africa Jun 02, 2021 [9] Report by Wise and Somo 2011 by Fleur Scheele : Uranium from Africa ISBN:978907 [click to view] [8] Perceptions of external costs of dust fallout from gold mine tailings: West Wits Basin [click to view] [6] FRANK WINDE, 2009, URANIUM POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES IN MINEDOUT AND ACTIVE GOLDFIELDS OF SOUTH AFRICA A CASE STUDY IN THE Mponeng Gold Mine, South Africa The World's Deepest Production Disruptions at Mponeng Gold MineMponeng Mine HistoryLocation, Geology, and MineralisationOre Reserves at The Mponeng Gold ProjectMining and Gold ProcessingOperations at the Mponeng mine were frequently interrupted during AngloGold Ashanti’s operatorship in 2020 Production from the mine was halted due to a seismic event that killed three miners approximately 35km below the surface in March 2020 Although the mine resumed operations running at 50% capacity in April 2020, the production was again halted after several positive COVID19 cases were reported at the mine in May 2020 Terrifying Facts About the World's Deepest Gold Mine The mine is as deep as 10 Empire State Buildings, and its 236 miles of tunnels are longer than the South Africa’s "gold slaves" Equal Times Dec 02, 2014 Nineteenyearold Agrippa Machako recounts the day a ‘recruiter' promised him a job as a hotel chef in Johannesburg, South Africa, over 1000 kilometres away from his hometown of Chipinge in Zimbabwe Today, the teenager's otherwise youthful face and body bears all the scars of the five months he spent toiling as a “gold slave”, 200 metres underground in one of Johannesburg's derelict South Africa gold mining: What lies at the bottom of one Feb 09, 2020 We dropped two miles in a couple of minutes and emerged in an underground city To get to the gold, miners must walk miles through a vast maze of dimly lit tunnels South Africa's gold mines Mining Health and Safety in South Africa The African Otherwise known as The People’s Republic of South Africa, this resourcerich region is home to the deepest mines in the entire world This 48 million (UN 2008) people strong country is a leading source of diamonds, gold, PGM, vanadium, coal, and precious metals such as platinum Brief history of gold mining in South Africa Mining for South Africa began to slow down in the 1880s, as the new deposits being found tended to be pyritic ore and gold could not be extracted from this compound with any of the then available technologies John Stewart MacArthur and the Dingus brothers overcame this by suspending the crushed ore in A history of mining in South Africa (ZA) However, according to South African History Online, these were minor reefs and credit for the discovery of the main reef on Langlaagte Farm went to Australian George Harrison in July 1886 Johannesburg’s large gold deposits that ran for miles underground ensured the little mining Grade 8 Term 2: The Mineral Revolution in South Africa In 2007, gold mining in South Africa employed over 240 000 people and accounted for R49 billion in foreign currency earnings Conditions Underground A mineworker trying to protect himself from the dust in the mines Image source Closed Underground Mines Gold mines in South Africa are the deepest mines on Earth with shaft systems extending up to 4 km below surface After more than a century of gold extraction, many mines are now closed or approaching closure Instead of allowing more of the extensive underground mine void systems to be irreversibly ﬂooded with acidic mine water threatening South Africa’s "gold slaves" Equal Times Dec 02, 2014 Nineteenyearold Agrippa Machako recounts the day a ‘recruiter' promised him a job as a hotel chef in Johannesburg, South Africa, over 1000 kilometres away from his hometown of Chipinge in Zimbabwe Today, the teenager's otherwise youthful face and body bears all the scars of the five months he spent toiling as a “gold slave”, 200 metres underground in one of Johannesburg's derelict Mining Health and Safety in South Africa The African Otherwise known as The People’s Republic of South Africa, this resourcerich region is home to the deepest mines in the entire world This 48 million (UN 2008) people strong country is a leading source of diamonds, gold, PGM, vanadium, coal, and precious metals such as platinum UNDERGROUND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN DEEP close to 1 400 m in gold mines The horizon for introducing ice in South African gold mines is about 3 000 m (although this is getting less with higher power costs) Recent studies indicate that the depth for introducing ice in platinum mines is much closer to 2 000 m Figure 3 shows the best general cooling options with increasing depth South Africa gold mining: What lies at the bottom of one Feb 09, 2020 What a gold mine has to do with life on Mars 02:06 They were surprised to find other living creatures too, so many they called them a zoo A crustacean, about one sixtyfourth of an inch Gold Mining in South Africa Africa Mining IQ Over 50% of all gold reserves are found in South Africa, with the Witwatersrand Basin remaining the largest gold resource in the world In 1975, South Africa was responsible for producing 40% of the gold ever mined By 2010, however, China affirmed its status as the world’s largest gold producer with production of 324 tonnes of gold, followed by Australia (2228 tonnes), and South Africa 950 gold miners trapped underground in South Africa The Feb 02, 2018 950 gold miners trapped underground in South Africa AFP About 950 gold miners were stuck underground in South Africa on Thursday after a power cut, the mine's How is gold found and extracted from mines? Sep 26, 2016 Gold mining in South Africa Gold mining in South Africa began in 1886 with the Witerwatersrand Gold Rush Thanks to the discovery of gold, urbanisation and industrialisation drove the development of Johannesburg, known as the City of Gold, as well as its surrounding areas Underground Mining Underground mining is considered when an open Brief history of gold mining in South Africa Mining for South Africa began to slow down in the 1880s, as the new deposits being found tended to be pyritic ore and gold could not be extracted from this compound with any of the then available technologies John Stewart MacArthur and the Dingus brothers overcame this by suspending the crushed ore in HEAT STRESS MANAGEMENT IN HOT MINES South African gold and platinum mines for the greater part of the previous century Underground Acclimatization Prior to 1953 the method used to acclimatize miners was known as ‘underground acclimatization’ (2) This method consisted of allocating miners to work in a hot production area underground, but under Mining in South Africa: Deep, dark, and dangerous Gold Oct 11, 2007 A South African commission in 1994 said each tonne of gold produced in South Africa cost one life and 12 serious injuries South Africa produces about 600 tonnes of gold a year Its poorly paid miners are the worst off in the industrial sector, according to May Hermanus, director of the Centre for Sustainability in Mining at the University of Grade 8 Topic 2 The Mineral Revolution in South Africa Feb 24, 2015 Background and Focus of Grade 8 Term 2: The Mineral Revolution in South Africa The Mineral Revolution in South Africa started with the discovery of diamonds in Kimberley in 1867, and intensified with the discovery of deeplevel gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886 By the time that gold was discovered, African kingdoms had lost their independence Mining seismicity in the Witwatersrand Basin: monitoring (a) Driefontein gold mine, 2011 (b) Drilling a stope face underground in the Free State gold field (c) West Rand Consolidated Mines Ltd, 1932 (Watermeyer and Hoffenberg, 1932) (d) Surface trenches in the Johannesburg area (Jeppe, 1946a) Fig 2 From surface to underground, 100 years of mining Fig 3 Layout of a gold mine (Cook et al, 1966) South Deep Gold Mine, Gauteng Province, South Africa The South Deep gold mine, located in Gauteng Province of South Africa, is one of the world’s biggest gold mines It is also the seventh deepest mine in the world with a depth of 2,995m below the surface It has a mine life of 75 years The underground gold mine South Africa Mining Production 2021 Data 2022 Forecast Mining production in South Africa rose by 2 percent from a year earlier in August of 2021, following an upwardly revised 123 percent jump in the prior month and below market expectations of a 6 percent growth It was the sixth straight month of increases in mining activity, although at the weakest pace in the current sequence of growth The largest positive contributors were gold (17 percent Gold Mining in South Africa Africa Mining IQ Over 50% of all gold reserves are found in South Africa, with the Witwatersrand Basin remaining the largest gold resource in the world In 1975, South Africa was responsible for producing 40% of the gold ever mined By 2010, however, China affirmed its status as the world’s largest gold producer with production of 324 tonnes of gold, followed by Australia (2228 tonnes), and South Africa Working conditions: South Africa could do more for miners Aug 24, 2012 South Africa could do more for miners, says ILO mining specialist The killings of more than 30 workers in the Marikana platinum mine have put the spotlight on working conditions in South Africa’s mining industry GENEVA (ILO News) – South Africa has taken significant steps since the end of apartheid to address working conditions in the South Africa Mining Underground High Resolution Stock South Africa has produced around 15 billion ounces of gold, just over a third of all mined gold in the world, but much of it came from rich seams of gold near the surface, which are now largely exhaustedA blistering rally in gold prices has sparked a new gold rush in South Africa as mining firms seek to exploit a huge stash of underground Problems in the mining industry in South africa ECDPM The current turbulence in the mining industry in South Africa has its roots in several different factors First, the fall in global demand for platinum and other minerals due to recession; second, the consequences of the Marikana disaster in destabilising labour relations; and third, the structural character of our mining industry A great deal has been written about the first two factors, so South Africa's Illegal Miners Risk Everything for Gold Sep 08, 2020 1080p 735MB South Africa's Illegal Miners Risk Everything for Gold Illegal mining in South Africa is among the most lucrative on the continent, pushing miners HEAT STRESS MANAGEMENT IN HOT MINES South African gold and platinum mines for the greater part of the previous century Underground Acclimatization Prior to 1953 the method used to acclimatize miners was known as ‘underground acclimatization’ (2) This method consisted of allocating miners to work in a hot production area underground, but under Mining seismicity in the Witwatersrand Basin: monitoring (a) Driefontein gold mine, 2011 (b) Drilling a stope face underground in the Free State gold field (c) West Rand Consolidated Mines Ltd, 1932 (Watermeyer and Hoffenberg, 1932) (d) Surface trenches in the Johannesburg area (Jeppe, 1946a) Fig 2 From surface to underground, 100 years of mining Fig 3 Layout of a gold mine (Cook et al, 1966) "Pay Us Before We Die”: Ailing ExSouth African Miners May 28, 2021 Hundreds of Thousands Contracted Silicosis, TB This anguish is shared by hundreds of thousands of miners (and families of dead miners) in South Africa, as well as other migrant workers from southern African countries like Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Lesotho, Botswana and Eswatini, who suffered workrelated health loses on 82 South Africa gold mines in the decades since March 1965 Exposing The Inhumane Conditions Of Burkina Faso's Gold Mines Gold Dust: Under Blaise Compaore's leadership, Burkina Faso's unregulated gold rush has had a devastating effect on mining conditions This report digs deep Where Is Gold Found On Earth? GSI Exchange Jun 24, 2020 Gold and diamond mining in South Africa lead to vast immigration to the country, followed by urbanization and great investments However, the country’s mineral council declared 75% of gold mines unprofitable in 2018, predicting a decrease in the industry Regardless, South Africa remains the home of the richest goldfield ever discovered Inside the World's Deepest Gold Mine, South Africa Full Thank you for watching this Video!! Please LIKE and SHARE with your friends and relativesThis is our new channel where you will find amazing documentaries f The world's biggest gold mines: Top ten Jan 30, 2020 1 South Deep gold mine – 328 million ounces (Moz) South Deep gold mine is the largest gold mine in the world, by reserves Located 45km southwest of Johannesburg in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, South Deep is also the seventh deepest mine in the world, with a mine depth up to 2,998m below the surface The managed mineral reserve at South Deep as of grizzly feeders crushers - search results search results - Crusher For Stone Making Machine India Carborundum Universal Cup Grinder Machine manual aluminum can crushers - Microsoft Bing Search zeolite crusher price in the us - search results Stone Pulverizer Machine Price In India iron ore quarrying pollution Pollution Due To Stone Crusher Health Affects - search results picadora de carne segunda mano crushers hockey nanaimo calcium carbonate mill equipment what is role of garbage crusher - Microsoft Bing Search Underground Mine Training Material Ppt - Search principles of mineral dressing pdf small scale granite processing mechineries in China trituradoras cono 120 tf - Microsoft Bing Search Cost Of Stone Crusher Machines - Search Search - Portable 100Tonne Cone Crusher Artificial Sand Making Machine Price In Philippines search results - companies for supplying natural ground calcium carbonate fin granite processing unit project report small suppliers former jaw crusher Iron Ore Cone Crusher Provider In South Africa - Microsoft Bing Search crushed stone price california about micro matic cylindrical grinding machine - Search solar stone crusher lonikand pune eljay cone crusher parts search results - Feldspar Grinding Plant Diagram dry grinding materrial in a ball mills Stone Crusher Primary Secondary 0086-371-86162511 [email protected] Top selling Machines Metallic Ore Mobile Crusher Manufacturer Jute Mill Spare Parts Buyer In Bangladesh J G Quarry Equipment Com Search - coal cone crushing station at ireland search results - manganese beneficiation plants in ap sale crusher to pulverize gold concentrates Stationary Crushers C6X Series Jaw Crusher HGT Hydraulic Gyratory Crusher European Type Jaw Crusher Jaw Crusher Grinding Mill MTW Heavy type Trapezium Mill MB5X Pendulum Suspension Mill MTW Trapezium Mill LM Vertical Mill Copyright © 2004-2018 by China Liming Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co. 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0.989829	Quick links... Local News Weather Beach conditions Hurricane HQ Troubleshooters Traffic Contests Kitchen Cops 1 weather alerts 1 closings/delays NewsCoronavirus Actions Facebook Tweet Email Hospitals planning how to administer new COVID-19 treatment approved by FDA By: Scripps National Posted at 8:43 AM, Nov 12, 2020 and last updated 2020-11-12 16:30:07-05 Pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly plans on distributing a treatment for coronavirus patients this week. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) just gave it the green light. The antibody treatment is for patients over the age of 65 who have mild to moderate symptoms. Patients who are 12 years and up are also eligible if they have an underlying health condition. The FDA approval comes at a time when cases are going up again and hospitals are struggling to treat so many patients. Infectious disease experts say one of the biggest challenges for hospitals right now is to figure out where they want to administer the treatment. It is given through an IV and usually, IV treatments are given in an outpatient setting to cancer patients. “If you're talking about hospitals that have infusion centers for cancer and chemotherapy, that's not generally a place where they're going to feel comfortable taking COVID-19 patients in the contagious phase of their disease, because they also have highly immuno-compromised patients there,” said Dr. Shira Doron, a hospital epidemiologist at Tufts Medical Center. Some hospitals in the U.S. already have the resources and space to administer the treatment to COVID-19 patients, but many still don't. Another option would be to administer it in an emergency room, while still following the same criteria for who receives it. While there are guidelines for who receives it, cases are rising. That could add another limitation to how many patients get the new antibody treatment. “And then how will patients be referred to that facility? Will doctors know about that? And defining exactly which patients will benefit from this is somewhat still up in the air,” said Doron. Health and Human Services will be responsible for distributing the treatment. It will focus on states where hospitalizations and overall cases are high. Copyright 2020 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
0.999998	A delicious and deeply satisfying creamy fettuccine tossed in Parmesan and butter served with chicken breasts (blackened or plain) Preparation Time: None Cook Time: 15 minutes Ingredients: Chicken breasts, fettuccine pasta, flour, butter, garlic, cream, parmesan cheese, salt, pepper, blackened seasoning (paprika, salt, onion powder, garlic powder, cayenne pepper, black pepper, thyme, oregano) Cooking Instructions: Chicken: For blackened, season chicken breasts in provided blackened seasoning. For plain, season with salt & pepper as desired. Grill: Preheat to 400F. Grill chicken breasts 5-6 mins per side or until cooked through. Bake: Preheat oven to 375F. Heat 2 tablespoons of oil in a saute pan. Sear chicken 2 minutes per side. Transfer to pan and bake in the oven for 10 minutes or until cooked through. Pasta: Cook fettuccine pasta in boiling water for 13 minutes or to desired tenderness. Drain water. Reheat Alfredo sauce and toss with pasta. Customer Reviews Write a Review Fettucini Alfredo This is another delicious meal from Maria's Gourmet Kitchen. I grill the chicken, and in half an hour both the chicken and the pasta are ready. What a treat for pasta lovers! Reviewed by: mariam bedrosian from Houston, Galeria area. on 4/11/2020 Flavorful Chicken Fettuccini Alfredo This meal was a hit with the entire family. My 8 and 12 year old asked if we can order it again! We loved the provided seasoning for the chicken, and it was perfectly paired with a creamy parmesan sauce. We had some extra sauce leftover, so I made another batch of pasta because the sauce was just too good to waste. I had an instant lunch the very next day! Reviewed by: Rene from Cypress. on 3/21/2020 Yum Generally not a fan of Alfredo sauces due to the fat content, but every now and then a real treat. This was easy to prepare and quite delicious. Reviewed by: Kathy from Sugar Land. on 11/15/2019 excellent tasted great, easy to make Reviewed by: Eric from Missouri City. on 9/21/2019 Family Favorite! Easy to prepare, tastes wonderful, and we all loved it. Very filling for 4 servings. Reviewed by: Lyndsey from League City. on 9/7/2019 Yum! Delicious alfresco sauce!!creamy and well seasoned. Paired with blackened chicken which I never would have considered. It was excellent! Portions were very good. We had leftovers. Reviewed by: Elaine McManama from Houston. on 1/18/2019 Too bland I thought this dish would be a slam dunk, but the alfredo turned out plain and bland. I didn't care for the blackened seasoning, and there's no alternate seasoning included. Reviewed by: brent from southwest houston. on 2/10/2017 More garlic please This was good. Need more garlic and garlic cheese bread to go with it Reviewed by: Greg Clements from Humble . on 12/25/2016 Love the alfredo sauce We loved the seasoning of the blackened chicken and the creamy alfredo sauce. It was very easy to prepare! Reviewed by: Tina from Pearland. on 8/5/2016 Recently Viewed Dinners SITEMAP Order Now Gift Certificates Discount Plans How It Works For Employers Affiliate Program Catering Job Openings Blog The Kitchen Maria's Passion Contact Frequently Asked Questions How often do you deliver? Does someone have to be at home to accept delivery? What is your delivery area? Why do I have to order in advance? How many weeks a year do you deliver? When do you charge me? More FAQs ... Search Follow Us: COPYRIGHT 2010 - 2017 MARIA'S GOURMET KITCHEN LLC - ALL RIGHT RESERVED. TERMS & CONDITIONS Keywords: personal chef, gourmet dinners, food delivery, prepared meals, home delivery service, delivered gourmet meals, fresh meals, meal kits, dinner kits, meal delivery, meal box, plated meal, home meal, ready meal Serving: Houston, Texas (TX) and surrounding suburbs including Bellaire, Clear Lake, Cypress, Friendswood, Humble, Kemah, Kingwood, League City, Missouri City, Pearland, Seabrook, Spring, Stafford & Sugarland.
0.975176	Prince Andrew's relationship with the late Jeffrey Epstein — along with the sexual assault allegations against the prince himself — has become a major focal point in world news and within the British royal family. Andrew, who ran in the same social circles as Epstein — a convicted sex offender and alleged sex trafficker who died in prison — was forced to step away from his royal duties after his bombshell interview with the BBC in November 2019. In the interview, Andrew claimed that he was not aware of Epstein's crimes and denied he ever met nor sexually assaulted Virginia Roberts Giuffre. Giuffre had claimed in multiple interviews that she was trafficked to Andrew by Epstein from 1999-2002 — as a minor — in London, New York, and on Epstein's private island, People noted. However, Andrew has categorically denied the allegations and claimed that he would assist in the FBI's investigation into Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell's crimes. Throughout the course of Epstein's investigation, though, prosecutors in New York have said that Andrew offered "zero cooperation," according to The New York Times. But things might be changing after Giuffre filed a lawsuit against Andrew on August 9 for claiming he had sexually assaulted her when she was underage. "I was trafficked to him and sexually abused by him," her statement read (via People). Now, weeks after Giuffre's filing, Andrew has been served papers in England. Handing Prince Andrew his suit was difficult Wpa Pool/Getty Images On September 10, a new court filing in Manhattan federal court stated that Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, was served with a civil suit by Virginia Roberts Giuffre, who accused him of having sex with her while she was underage. According to CNBC, Andrew was served papers at his home on August 27 after a one-day delay because "security there had been instructed not to allow anyone" onto the premises of his home. The suit was eventually handed to a police officer at the Royal Lodge "and that this matter would then be forwarded on to the legal team," the outlet noted. It is unclear how Andrew will respond to the suit, as he's reportedly been trying to avoid the glare of the public eye and has been visiting his mother, Queen Elizabeth, at Balmoral Castle in the past week (via The Cut). An insider told The Sun that Andrew had been "going stir-crazy inside Royal Lodge for the past few weeks," after being served with the papers. Buckingham Palace has yet to respond to the latest developments of Andrew's case, though the institution previously "emphatically denied that the Duke of York had any form of sexual contact or relationship with Virginia Roberts. Any claim to the contrary is false and without foundation," per the BBC. If you or anyone you know has been a victim of sexual assault, help is available. Visit the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network website or contact RAINN's National Helpline at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673).
0.999926	Harvey Weinstein was one of the most powerful studio heads in Hollywood for decades. After founding Miramax with his brother, Bob Weinstein, Harvey became one of the biggest names in cinema and helped launch the careers of such visionary directors as Quentin Tarantino and Robert Rodriguez. When it came to the Oscars, if Harvey was involved in a project, you could almost guarantee it was bringing home the gold. But there's a dark side to this iconic mogul that's left many observers wondering if the ends justified the means. The so-called "open secret" about how he treated women blew up in his face in the fall of 2017, yet if you look back at the many untold truths of Harvey Weinstein, those bombshell revelations start to look a lot less surprising. Keep reading for more. He ruled Hollywood with an iron fist Getty Images By the early 2000s, Harvey Weinstein was a dominating force in Hollywood. The guy known for busting out critical hits such as Pulp Fiction (1994), was made even more formidable when Disney purchased Miramax in 1993. You didn't want to cross him because the movie titan had a reputation for blowing his stack at anybody and everybody. As David Carr wrote in a profile for New York Magazine, Weinstein was so powerful that supposedly no publication would run paparazzi photos of him clearly assaulting a New York Observer reporter and putting him in a headlock. In New York, "No one's juice approaches Weinstein's," Carr wrote. "He's got P. T. Barnum's DNA and Walt Disney's billions." As far back as 2001, Carr uncovered a red flag that suggested Weinstein might not be the most respectful guy when it comes to women. He made Gwyneth Paltrow pose in S&M garb Getty Images At Weinstein's personal request, Oscar-winning actress Gwyneth Paltrow made herself available for Carr to interview in his New York Magazine profile. During the interview, she made an odd remark about being asked by Weinstein to pose in S&M garb for the debut issue of the Miramax-owned Talk magazine, which, as Carr noted, "didn't fit either her career arc or any of her personal needs." "There were certain favors that he asked me to do that I felt were not exploitive but not necessarily as great for me as they were for him," Paltrow said. "I brought this to his attention, and he said, 'I will never do that again.' And he's been true to his word." She continued, "He's larger-than-life in every way, so his good qualities are maybe more pronounced—as are some of his bad qualities." Keep in mind, Paltrow hails from Hollywood royalty. Steven Spielberg is her godfather, so the notion that she still felt compelled to placate Weinstein and bend to his wishes speaks volume about the scope of his power. Plus, it probably didn't hurt that he was a force of nature when it came to Oscar campaigns. He was a ruthless Oscar campaigner Getty Images By 2014, Vulture reported that Weinstein had locked down more than 300 Oscar nominations, which, for the record, is a lot. However, he has allegedly deployed a plethora of "tricks and schemes" over the years to garner those accolades and potentially sabotage the competition. In 2001, when the Miramax picture In the Bedroom went up against A Beautiful Mind, Weinstein's team allegedly tried to paint Mind filmmakers as homophobic and the original book as anti-Semitic. Later, while campaigning for The Reader (2008), he was accused of being behind the negative press that suggested Slumdog Millionaire (2008) exploited child actors in India. "What can I say? When you're Billy the Kid and people around you die of natural causes, everyone thinks you shot them," Weinstein responded, according to Vulture. His reported ruthlessness wasn't focused on just winning Oscars. He was also allegedly relentless about making sure a movie was in theaters when he wanted it to be in theaters, even if that meant haunting a few deathbeds. He allegedly harassed Sydney Pollack on his deathbed Getty Images In 2008, Deadline reported that Weinstein and producer Scott Rudin traded blows over the release date for The Reader after a series of setbacks delayed production and director Stephen Daldry exercised his right to final cut, which would have pushed the film out of the 2008 awards season and into the next year. By that time, Weinstein was no longer at Miramax and the film was being produced by The Weinstein Company, which was not doing well financially. According to Rudin, Weinstein was dead set on getting the film nominated for an Academy Award for some pretty gross reasons. That same year, acclaimed producers Sydney Pollack and Anthony Minghella died, which Weinstein supposedly viewed as the perfect opportunity for Oscar gold. "If I can't get a movie nominated that has Sydney's and Anthony's name on it this year, I should leave the business," he allegedly said. After the abrasive movie mogul reportedly became aggressive with Daldry, Rudin removed his name from The Reader in protest. According to Deadline, Weinstein even went so far as to harass Minghella's widow and Pollack on his deathbed, then allege that the late producers "would have wanted" the film released in 2008. Rudin called it a "blatant attempt to ride the coattails of the deaths of two beloved guys." It was a bad look for Weinstein, who already had a nasty reputation, despite promising that he'd found a cure for his hot temper. He blamed bullying on his blood sugar Getty Images By the mid-2000s, Weinstein was in the middle of a public battle with Disney CEO Michael Eisner and on the precipice of leaving Miramax to start The Weinstein Company with his brother and long-time business partner, Bob. Harvey reportedly didn't have trouble securing finance from Goldman Sachs, but he did have an image problem that took a significant hit from Peter Biskind's 2004 book Down and Dirty Pictures: Miramax, Sundance and the Rise of Independent Film. According to New York Magazine, the book included some not-so-flattering anecdotes—like the one about Harvey berating director Julie Taymor after a screening of Frida (2002) and threatening to fight her husband before firing several of his assistants on the spot. Harvey did admit to the Los Angeles Times that the aforementioned confrontation happened and he "screwed up," but he also started peddling an excuse. "The best thing that happened to me was that I found out I was diabetic," he said. "I had never admitted it because I saw it as a sign of weakness. My insulin would go up when I'd have sugar and it tickled my adrenaline gland and I'd have a metabolic reaction. So I've changed my diet, I take medicine and eat a lot of fiber. And I've gone from a number of incidents a year to perhaps one a year." As a 2017 exposé in The New York Times revealed, Harvey's famous temper didn't go anywhere, and he couldn't blame his next controversial move on too much sugar. He defended Roman Polanski Getty Images In 2009, Harvey Weinstein wrote an op-ed in the Independent demanding that convicted child rapist Roman Polanski be freed after the controversial director was arrested by Swiss police on an extradition order from the United States. (Polanski fled to Paris in 1977 after learning that a judge planned to reject a plea bargain and sentence the director to 50 years in prison. The extradition order was ultimately ignored, and Polanski was freed by Swedish authorities.) In Weinstein's words, Polanksi's situation represented a "miscarriage of justice, and the government is making him a scapegoat." In Weinstein's defense, he could not have known at the time that there were more rape accusations coming down the line for Polanski. However, Weinstein did know that Polanski had pleaded guilty to sexually assaulting a 13-year-old girl, and yet he still came to his aid, which was a risky move to make in light of the skeletons in Weinstein's own closet. It seems the boisterous film mogul was still riding high on Oscar wins and had no idea his grip on Hollywood was running on borrowed time. He was accused of groping a model Getty Images By 2015, Weinstein's clout in Hollywood had declined drastically. While he once had the power to allegedly stop the media from publishing photos of him assaulting a New York Observer reporter, he now couldn't even put the brakes on an unauthorized documentary about his tyrannical reputation. And that's when the serious accusations began: In March 2015, Page Six reported that Italian model Ambra Battilana told police that Weinstein had allegedly groped her during a meeting in a hotel room. A spokesperson for Weinstein denied the accusation and accused Battilana of blackmail, but the New York Daily News reported that the New York Police Department had set up a recorded phone call with Weinstein, who allegedly "didn't deny touching" Battilana. However, no charges were filed, and Battilana went on with her life. What no one knew until 2017 is that Battilana had quietly accepted a settlement from Weinstein. Soon, the whispers about Weinstein's "open secret" grew into a dull roar. Rumors about his casting couch emerged Getty Images Days after the Battilana story broke, Gawker went to work compiling all of the rumors about Weinstein's alleged treatment of women, which New York Magazine reporter Jennifer Senior called a "despicable open secret." According to Gawker, rumors about Weinstein's "casting couch" stretched all the way back to the early '90s. The publication cited pieces by Courtney Enlow and Elaine Lu on "Harvey's girls" who may have been exploited by the studio head. The alleged actresses included Gretchen Mol, Jessica Alba, and Blake Lively. Those rumored accusations have never been corroborated, but the stories found new life when new sexual harassment allegations against Weinstein surfaced. If the Battilana story was blood in the water for Weinstein, what followed in 2017 was a full-on feeding frenzy. Ashley Judd accused him of sexual harassment Getty Images On Oct. 4, 2017, The Hollywood Reporter published a story that said Weinstein had assembled a powerful legal team that included famed feminist lawyer Lisa Bloom. Reportedly, both The New York Times and The New Yorker were working on separate "damaging" exposés about Weinstein's behavior. When asked to comment, Weinstein joked to The Hollywood Reporter, "The story sounds so good, I want to buy the movie rights." But 24 hours later, Weinstein would be singing a different tune. In a bombshell report, The New York Times uncovered at least eight settlements paid to women that were allegedly harassed by Weinstein, including actress Rose McGowan. On top of that, multiple former employees went on the record accusing Weinstein of being sexually coercive. Sources described his penchant for uncomfortable hotel room meetings where he'd allegedly make requests for women to give him nude massages, watch him shower, or engage in intercourse. One of Weinstein's alleged victims is actress Ashley Judd, who spoke to the The New York Times and described several instances of Weinstein allegedly making sexual advances toward her in a hotel room while shooting Kiss the Girls in 1997. Unlike his quip to The Hollywood Reporter, Weinstein gave a careful response to the The New York Times. "I appreciate the way I've behaved with colleagues in the past has caused a lot of pain, and I sincerely apologize for it," he said. "Though I'm trying to do better, I know I have a long way to go." Following the exposé, Weinstein's reactions got even weirder. He (mis)quoted Jay Z in his apology statement Getty Images In a lengthy response to the allegations reported in The New York Times, Weinstein issued an outlandish statement. Not only did he blame his behavior on "coming of age in the '60s and '70s," but he also incorrectly quoted some Jay Z lyrics and concluded with a promise to bring down the National Rifle Association in response to the deadly shooting that occurred in Las Vegas on Oct. 1, 2017. It was as bizarre and as egotistical as it gets. Even more surprising is that Weinstein was able to secure the legal services of Bloom, who is known as a champion for feminist causes. Alas, it turns out that Weinstein and Jay Z are producing a TV miniseries based on her 2014 book, Suspicion Nation. Bloom gave an odd statement of her own about advising Weinstein. She referred to him as "an old dinosaur learning new ways" in therapy. She also promised that he isn't going to "demean or attack" any of his accusers even though he disputes their allegations. However, these measured statements and apologies only lasted a few hours before Weinstein went on the attack. He allegedly asked a British actress to audition in a bikini Getty Images With The New York Times exposé hot off the press, the floodgates quickly opened against Weinstein as new accusers came forward with allegations that they'd reportedly sat on for years, fearful of the movie mogul's once-powerful connections. According to Page Six, British actress Jessica Hynes tweeted that Weinstein allegedly offered her a film role at age 19 but wanted her to audition in a bikini. When she refused, she lost the job. If Hynes' allegations are true, this would be yet another example of Weinstein's infamous casting couch behavior. Hynes deleted her tweets after they began to make headlines, but she did predict there would be "many more" women coming forward with their own lurid tales about Weinstein. She wasn't wrong. He allegedly exposed himself to a reporter Getty Images Barely a day after The New York Times delivered its bombshell report, reporter Lauren Sivan gave an on-the-record interview to HuffPost and accused Weinstein of trapping her in the hallway of an empty restaurant during a private tour and exposing himself after she refused his advances. Weinstein reportedly told Sivan that she can "just stand there and shut up," while he performed a sex act on himself into a potted plant. Sivan confirmed the aforementioned interview on Twitter: "Yeah. This happened. Luckily I didn't need a job or favor from him + didn't have to be polite. Others did. Keep that in mind." She also launched a preemptive strike on anyone who might question why she waited to come forward with her allegations, tweeting. "For those asking why I waited? YOU try telling that story 10yrs ago. Only possible now because of women with bigger names far braver than me." Sivan's story was fuel for a fast-moving fire that has rapidly consumed Weinstein's stature as a Hollywood titan. Bloom quit his advisory team Getty Images Given Bloom's reputation for championing women who have been allegedly mistreated by men, her role as Weinstein's "advisor" fell under intense scrutiny, and the fact that he had optioned her book did not look good either. Even Bloom's own mother, famed attorney Gloria Allred, issued a statement saying that she would not have taken Weinstein's case. Ouch. Barely two days after Bloom's involvement became known, she resigned as Weinstein's advisor. The Wrap reported that Lanny Davis, a powerful political advocate who was also a key advisor to Weinstein, also resigned from his legal team shortly after Bloom's departure. The situation was going from bad to worse for Weinstein, and he was finding himself short of allies, Including his own brother. His brother may have orchestrated the NYT exposé Getty Images As Weinstein's entire career began to implode, Page Six dropped a bombshell: his brother, Bob, allegedly masterminded The New York Times exposé so he could take over The Weinstein Company. According to a source, "Bob has wanted Harvey out for years," and there has always been a "love-hate relationship" between the two siblings. The source even went so far to say that "Bob wanted Harvey to get what's coming to him." Sources close to the disgraced mogul told TMZ that Harvey allegedly believes Bob is behind the "well-orchestrated plan." According to the sources, Harvey's people have a receipt that proves Bob received Harvey's personnel file, which contained a number of sexual harassment claims that Bob allegedly leaked to The New York Times. Bob denied those rumors. "His remorse and apologies to the victims of his abuse are hollow. He said he would go away for help and has yet to do so," Bob told TMZ. "He has proven himself to be a world class liar and now rather than seeking help he is looking to blame others." A rep for Harvey sang a different tune, telling TMZ: "No matter what derogatory things Bob Weinstein says about his brother, Harvey Weinstein believes his brother is his brother and does not believe his brother would leak his personnel file to the NYT." Regardless, within a few days of the exposé's publication, Harvey was out, and the throne was Bob's for the taking. He was fired from his own company Getty Images As the scandal unfolded, Harvey's future at The Weinstein Company looked uncertain but still salvageable. The plan was to suspend him as the company conducted an internal investigation and Harvey worked on rehabilitating his image, but things quickly went south. By Oct. 8, 2017, Variety reported that Harvey had been fired with cause from his own company. "In light of new information about misconduct by Harvey Weinstein that has emerged in the past few days, the directors of The Weinstein Company—Robert Weinstein, Lance Maerov, Richard Koenigsberg and Tarak Ben Ammar—have determined, and have informed Harvey Weinstein, that his employment with The Weinstein Company is terminated, effective immediately," the company said in a statement. The company statement did not specify what "new information" prompted the board to terminate Harvey. Was it Sivan's accusations to HuffPost or more damaging information to come? He threatened to sue The New York Times Getty Images Not long after the story broke, the New York Post reported that Harvey Weinstein planned to sue The New York Times for $50 million over its reporting, which he claims is "filled with false and defamatory statements." In a follow-up interview with the New York Post, he also accused The New York Times of having a vendetta against him and claimed the paper went back on a deal to tell his team about the people it had on record. While he refused to talk about which allegations were true or false, Harvey did make a questionable statement about Judd that could be viewed as an attempt to undermine her credibility. "I know Ashley Judd is going through a tough time right now," he told the New York Post. "I read her book [her memoir All That is Bitter and Sweet], in which she talks about being the victim of sexual abuse and depression as a child. Her life story was brutal, and I have to respect her. In a year from now, I am going to reach out to her." So much for not demeaning his accusers. The New York Times exposé was just the tip of the iceberg... Weinstein begged his connections for help Getty Images In the aftermath of Weinstein's firing, Janice Min, part owner of The Hollywood Reporter, tweeted a desperate email that Weinstein supposedly sent to his powerful Hollywood friends begging them to petition The Weinstein Company not to fire him. Weinstein's alleged correspondence included promises to take a leave of absence and seek treatment if he could keep his job. Said email also included accusations that the company was possibly acting illegally by firing him. What made the message especially remarkable is that it showed the once-dominating Hollywood titan on the ropes in a way that no one ever thought possible. This had to be a sobering moment for Weinstein, who had grown accustomed to making Hollywood's biggest power players do his bidding, as they often did. Matt Damon and Russell Crowe allegedly helped bury a story Getty Images In light of The New York Times exposé, entertainment reporter Sharon Waxman went on the offensive. She berated the Times for essentially patting itself on the back while criticizing other media outlets for failing to report on Weinstein's behavior toward women. According to Waxman, the Times is also guilty of allegedly caving to Weinstein's tactics. Writing for The Wrap, Waxman says she pursued a story for the Times in 2004 about Miramax employee Fabrizio Lombardo, who allegedly handled Weinstein's "women needs among other things." The "other things" supposedly included paying off a London employee who allegedly had an "unwanted sexual encounter" with Weinstein. During Waxman's reporting for the Times, she says things went sideways. According to Waxman, Weinstein, who was a major advertiser with the Times, personally appeared in the newsroom and voiced his displeasure about the story. He also allegedly arranged for Matt Damon and Russell Crowe to directly call Waxman and vouch for Lombardo. Waxman claims her story was "gutted" and "buried," reduced to "an obscure story about Miramax firing an Italian executive." The New York Times issued a response to Waxman's story that said her aforementioned piece consisted primarily of an "off-the-record account from one woman," which simply wasn't enough. Farrow's exposé dropped even bigger bombs Getty Images On Oct. 10, 2017, just five days after The New York Times published its explosive feature, The New Yorker published an investigative piece by Ronan Farrow that delved even further into the "open secret" that is Weinstein's alleged sexual harassment. Farrow also detailed how Weinstein allegedly attempted to derail his story through various means of professional and legal intimidation. Farrow reported that the New York Police Department had the goods on Weinstein in the 2015 Battilana groping case. (Farrow actually got to hear the recording where the movie mogul allegedly incriminates himself.) He also reported that Weinstein allegedly launched a smear campaign in the tabloids to damage Battilana's credibility and force a settlement, thus halting the NYPD's efforts. In addition, Farrow discovered that Weinstein's actions may have gone far beyond allegations of sexual harassment. According to his report, the embattled studio head allegedly raped at least three women. He allegedly raped Asia Argento Getty Images In 1997, actress Asia Argento was invited to a hotel party thrown by Weinstein. According to The New Yorker, she was dropped off at his room by a producer only to discover that no one was there except Weinstein. The producer quickly made an exit. At that point, Weinstein allegedly pulled his trademark move: going to the bathroom, emerging with a bathrobe, asking for a massage, but in Argento's case, Weinstein allegedly took things further by forcibly performing oral sex on her. The alleged assault reportedly traumatized her to the point that she spent five years accepting Weinstein's sexual advances out of fear and obligation. Two other women also accused Weinstein of sexual assault, including a woman who was allegedly forced to perform oral sex on Weinstein in 2004 while she was an aspiring actress. According to Farrow, four other women accused Weinstein of "unwanted touching that could be classified as an assault." As for what happened to the women who allegedly refused Weinstein's advances? Multiple actresses claim to know how that goes. He allegedly sabotaged Rosanna Arquette and Mira Sorvino's careers Getty Images In the early '90s, Rosanna Arquette and Mira Sorvino were both up-and-coming actress, thanks to starring roles in Miramax films. However, their film careers never took off. Like other accounts, Arquette told The New Yorker that she rebuffed Weinstein's advances in a hotel room while he was wearing only a bathrobe. Weinstein allegedly told her she was making a mistake, and she believes that her career suffered because of it. She even warned Farrow: "He's going to be working very hard to track people down and silence people," she said. "To hurt people. That's what he does." Sorvino told a similar tale. She claimed Weinstein allegedly attempted to pay a surprise visit to her apartment, but she avoided trouble by having a friend show up posing as her boyfriend. Like Arquette, Sorvino told The New Yorker that she was "iced out" in Hollywood because she rejected Weinstein. As the list of actresses accusing Weinstein of sexual harassment continues to grow, the following two names shook Hollywood to its core. Gwyneth Paltrow and Angelina Jolie accused him of sexual harassment Getty Images On the same day that The New Yorker dropped its explosive investigation, The New York Times published a new report that featured the accounts of several women who had allegedly been sexually harassed by Weinstein. Among them are Hollywood superstars Gwyneth Paltrow and Angelina Jolie, who both claim they experienced, and rejected, the same infamous treatment from Weinstein (hotel room, bathrobe, request for a massage, etc.) "I had a bad experience with Harvey Weinstein in my youth, and as a result, chose never to work with him again and warn others when they did," Jolie said. "This behavior towards women in any field, any country is unacceptable." Paltrow, who was reportedly terrified after her alleged encounter, confided in her then-boyfriend Brad Pitt. Pitt told The New York Times that he confronted Weinstein at a premiere and "told him to never touch Ms. Paltrow again." Heather Graham shared a disturbing story Getty Images Heather Graham added her voice to the rapidly growing number of actresses who've contended with Weinstein's alleged advances. In a column for Variety, Graham accused Weinstein of heavily implying that she would have to sleep with him to star in one of his films. Graham also wrote that Weinstein attempted to arrange one of his infamous hotel room meetings, but alarm bells were already ringing in her head. Graham turned down the meeting after Weinstein allegedly tried to lure her into his room by claiming over the phone that one of her friends was already there with him. "I knew he was lying, so I politely and apologetically reiterated that I could no longer come by," she said. Graham concluded her column by encouraging more women to come forward. Clearly, that wasn't going to be a problem. Gloria Allred started representing his accusers Getty Images After Bloom resigned as Weinstein's advisor, her mother, Allred, jumped into the fray—for the other side. In a press conference held the same day The New Yorker story was published, actress/screenwriter Louisette Geiss publicly accused Weinstein of forcibly attempting to make her watch him perform a sex act on himself during a meeting. "As I went to get my purse to leave, he grabbed my forearm and pulled me to his bathroom and pleaded with me to watch him masturbate," she said (via Variety). "My heart was racing and I was very scared." After Geiss shared her harrowing account, Allred said she hoped to compel Weinstein into arbitration to seek justice for the victims. "I find that to be in his own self-interest for the future, and in addition, in the interest for the persons who allege they are victims, because there would be due process for both," Allred told reporters (via Variety). His wife left him Getty Images As the mountain of accusations against Weinstein piled up, his wife of 10 years, Georgina Chapman, announced that she was leaving him. "My heart breaks for all the women who have suffered tremendous pain because of these unforgivable actions," Chapman said in a statement (via People). "I have chosen to leave my husband. Caring for my young children is my first priority and I ask the media for privacy at this time." Chapman's decision stood in stark contrast to comments Weinstein made about his wife to the New York Post when the scandal first broke. "She stands 100 percent behind me," he said. "Georgina and I have talked about this at length. We went out with Lisa Bloom last night when we knew the article was coming out. Georgina will be with Lisa and others kicking my a** to be a better human being and to apologize to people for my bad behavior, to say I'm sorry, and to absolutely mean it." Considering both Bloom and Chapman quickly jumped ship as the scandal unfolded, it raises serious questions about whether Weinstein was entirely upfront with the two women or truthful in his statements. He claimed he was going to Europe for sex addiction rehab Getty Images The day People broke the news that his wife left him, Weinstein sources told TMZ that he was immediately flying to Europe that very night to check himself into rehab for sex addiction. However, the following day, TMZ reported that Weinstein was still in Los Angeles and allegedly had an altercation with his daughter that resulted in her calling the police. Yikes! Weinstein has since reportedly booked it out of town on a private jet, but instead of traveling to Europe, TMZ reported that he was heading to a rehab facility in Arizona. Léa Seydoux accused him of sexual assault Getty Images In an interview with The Guardian, actress Léa Seydoux also accused Weinstein of sexually assaulting her. "We were talking on the sofa when he suddenly jumped on me and tried to kiss me," she said. "I had to defend myself. He's big and fat, so I had to be forceful to resist him." According to Seydoux, she had to physically resist Weinstein several more times before he eventually gave up. At this point, her story sounds all too familiar. "That's the most disgusting thing," Seydoux said. "Everyone knew what Harvey was up to and no one did anything. It's unbelievable that he's been able to act like this for decades and still keep his career." Cara Delevingne joined the growing list of accusers Getty Images Suicide Squad (2016) star Cara Delevingne added her voice to the chorus of allegations against Weinstein. In a lengthy Instagram post, Delevingne recounted how Weinstein allegedly criticized her bisexuality, and then later, lured her into a hotel room where he allegedly expected her to engage in a threesome with another woman. When Delevingne attempted to leave, Weinstein allegedly blocked the door and tried to kiss her. Delevingne managed to escape. Delevingne expressed guilt that she accepted a film role from Weinstein, which she believed was his way of making up for the alleged incident in the hotel room. "I didn't want to hurt his family," she wrote. "I felt guilty as if I did something wrong. I was also terrified that this sort of thing had happened to so many women I know but no one had said anything because of fear." Kate Beckinsale claims Weinstein targeted her Getty Images Actress Kate Beckinsale also wrote a lengthy Instagram post detailing Weinstein's allegedly relentless sexual advances that supposedly began when she was only 17. She claimed her refusal to give in to him triggered violent insults and "undoubtedly harmed my career." Beckinsale concluded her post with a plea to "stop allowing our young women to be sexual cannon fodder." Clearly, this moment has been a long time coming, but how many more actresses need to come forward before real changes start to happen? He may have doomed his wife's fashion brand Getty Images Chapman's luxury fashion brand, Marchesa, may not survive the scandal. "He was the mastermind behind Marchesa—orchestrating deals and using his influence in terms of the celebrity connections for her on behalf of the brand," an L.A. fashion publicist told The Hollywood Reporter. "They both benefited from the relationship, but she certainly knew about his bad behavior." According to the publicist, actresses Sienna Miller and Felicity Huffman felt pressured to wear Marchesa gowns on the red carpet to avoid upsetting Weinstein. Rose McGowan accused him of rape Getty Images Within days of the scandal breaking, Newsweek dubbed Rose McGowan the "voice of the Weinstein resistance." When The New York Times reported that she'd reached a $100,000 settlement with Weinstein in the '90s, she initially did not go on the record about it. However, she quickly became a firebrand on Twitter, slamming Weinstein and even calling Ben Affleck a liar after the Good Will Hunting (1997) star claimed he didn't know about his former Miramax boss' behavior. But then something strange happened to McGowan's aggressive Twitter account. It was suspended. Many speculated Hollywood powers were trying to protect Weinstein and/or Affleck, but Twitter said the account was temporarily suspended because she tweeted a private phone number, which is against the site's rules, reported The AV Club. McGowan's account was quickly restored after the phone number was removed. The company even encouraged "brave women and men" to keep using the site "to speak truth to power." McGowen needed no encouragement, taking to Twitter to accuse Weinstein of rape and continue leading her #RoseArmy. The NYPD and London Police opened investigations Getty Images On top of facing a never-ending parade of allegations, Weinstein has found himself in the crosshairs of an NYPD investigation. According to The Hollywood Reporter, the department issued the following statement: "Based on information referenced in published news reports the NYPD is conducting a review to determine if there are any additional complaints relating to the Harvey Weinstein matter. No filed complaints have been identified as of this time and as always, the NYPD encourages anyone who may have information pertaining to this matter to call the CrimeStoppers Hotline at 1-800-577-TIPS." Weinstein's troubles didn't stop in New York. According to The Associated Press, the London Metropolitan Police are also investigating a sexual assault allegation made against Weistein. Did his contract enable his misconduct? Getty Images If Weinstein's alleged actions seem particularly brazen, that may be because his employment contract with The Weinstein Company (TWC) may have essentially looked the other way. According to TMZ, the contract stipulated that "if he gets sued for sexual harassment or any other 'misconduct' that results in a settlement or judgment against TWC, all Weinstein has to do is pay what the company's out, along with a fine, and he's in the clear." According to Deadline, there's presumably a legal battle brewing over Weinstein's firing. Courtney Love tried to warn women about him in 2005 Getty Images TMZ unearthed footage from 2005 where rocker Courtney Love dropped a big warning about Harvey. It all went down on the red carpet for the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson. When comedian Natasha Leggero asked Love if she had any advice for young women starting out in Hollywood, Love initially hesitated, saying, "Um...I'll get libeled if I say it." Then she did: "If Harvey Weinstein invites you to a private party in the Four Seasons, don't go." In hindsight, that's obviously a huge red flag, but in 2005, it seemed like just another joke to most. However, in the midst of the Weinstein scandal, Love provided a statement claiming that joke had its consequences. "Although I wasn't one of his victims, I was eternally banned by CAA for speaking out against Harvey Weinstein," she told TMZ. He was expelled from industry organizations Getty Images Weinstein had a well-earned reputation as a fierce Oscars campaigner, so it had to be a crushing blow when the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences voted to expel him by a significant majority. "We do so not simply to separate ourselves from someone who does not merit the respect of his colleagues but also to send a message that the era of willful ignorance and shameful complicity in sexually predatory behavior and workplace harassment in our industry is over," the Academy Board of Governors said in a statement (via NPR). "What's at issue here is a deeply troubling problem that has no place in our society. " The Producers Guild of America voted unanimously to expel Weinstein, according to Deadline. The PGA also created the "Anti-Sexual Harassment Task Force" in an effort to "play a leading role in cleaning up the industry." While those efforts are clearly needed, one of Weinstein's former collaborators isn't exactly thrilled with the big show that Hollywood is putting on in the wake of scandal. According to him, everybody knew. Screenwriter Scott Rosenberg claims everyone knew Getty Images In a now-deleted Facebook post, Beautiful Girls (1996) screenwriter Scott Rosenberg laid it on the line: "If Harvey's behavior is the most reprehensible thing one can imagine, a not-so-distant second is the current flood of sanctimonious denial and condemnation that now crashes upon these shores of rectitude in gloppy tides of bullsht righteousness," he said (via Deadline.) "Because everybody-f*king-knew. And do you know how I am sure this is true? Because I was there. And I saw you. And I talked about it with you. You, the big producers; you, the big directors; you, the big agents; you, the big financiers. And you, the big rival studio chiefs; you, the big actors; you, the big actresses; you, the big models. You, the big journalists; you, the big screenwriters; you, the big rock stars; you, the big restaurateurs; you, the big politicians. I saw you. All of you. God help me, I was there with you." Rosenberg acknowledged that Weinstein made people a lot of money and dazzled them with the best of Hollywood life. He encouraged others to stop hiding what they know. "Doesn't being a bystander bring with it the responsibility of telling the truth, however personally disgraceful it may be?" he wrote. "You know who are. You know that you knew." The floodgates are open Getty Images As powerful voices come forward with explosive allegations, and as Hollywood heavy-hitters denounce the former studio head, the stage is set for more of Tinseltown's elite to speak out on the scandal. Stay tuned to Nicki Swift as we keep you up-to-date on the latest details as they unfold.
0.999997	If your cat is five years old, that means he is the same physiologic age as a 35-year-old person, right? Well, actually not. The theory that every year in a cat's life is the same as seven years in ours is commonly known but unfortunately not very accurate. For example, a one-year-old cat has passed puberty. A seven-year-old child likely has not. The average life span of a cat is 14 years. The average person does not live to be 98 years old. For a more accurate comparison between physiologic age of cats, follow this formula: A one-year-old cat is about 15 human years old. When the cat reaches two, he is the equivalent of a 24-year-old person. After that, each year is about 4 human years. This means that a nine-year-old cat is about the same as a 52-year-old person. Another factor that plays into the life span of a cat is whether or not he lives outdoors or indoors. A 16-year-old indoor neutered or spayed cat is the equivalent physiologically as an eight-year-old outdoor unneutered/unspayed cat. By the time most cats reach seven years of age, they are entering their senior years. The record for the longest feline life span is 36 years.
0.999994	BEVERLY HILLS, Fla. - July 29, 2021 - PRLog -- Turkish Airline is the Flag Carrier Airline of Turkey, The airline is known as the largest airline in the world and it flies to more than 300 destinations globally. Turkish Airlines has been nominated by Skytrax as a Europe best Airlines for seven consecutive years in the last decade. It was founded in 1933, currently it operates travel services to different destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. The airline's main hub is situated in Istanbul Airport and it is also a member of Star Alliance network. The Airline is known for its amazing meals services, in-flights services, and overall customer services and it is considered as one of the best airlines in Europe. Turkish Airlines Customer service Call Center The Turkish Airlines customer service call center phone number is: 1-800-874-88-75. The airline call centre is available 24/7 to help the customer. If the passenger faces any issue, concern or query, he/she can contact the Turkish Airlines customer service through the official contact number. How can I get in touch with the Turkish Airlines For communicating with the turkish airline regarding your issues and doubts as far as your reservation is concerned with the Turkish Airlines, the passenger can follow the menas mentioned underneath: By Calling the customer care at Turkish: calling to turkish airline customer service is one of the conveniences of all the customer care professionals available to you 24/7 to resolve the issues and the problems you might be facing. The customer service number is available on the official website of the turkish Airline, from where you can get in touch with someone at turkish Airlines. When you find the contact number, just dial that number and tell all your query to the customer service representative, he will resolve all your queries in no time. By Emailing the customer service department: the customer service cell of turkish AIrlines can be reached through a basic means of communication that is an email service. Moreover, the traveler can also have an online chat option through which you can establish a connection with someone at turkish Airlines. You can discuss the number of issues that you might be facing over the live chat option. Use Chat Support: if you want to make a flight reservation online or want to visit your favorite destinations, but while making a reservation you are facing an issue, then you can start chatting with someone at turkish Airlines whenever you want. Furthermore, you need to enter a certain email address and contact number to verify the booking and start the conversation with someone with ease. https://www.flightstrade.com/blog/speak-to-someone-at-tur... End Email : ***@flightstrade.com Tags : Turkish live person Industry : Travel Location : Beverly Hills - Florida - United States Account Email Address Account Phone Number Disclaimer Report Abuse Flightstrade News American airlines last minute deals ¿Cómo puede contactar con Aeroméxico España? How do I get a refund from Aeromexico How to get cheap Christmas flights in 2021 Does Spirit Airlines use WhatsApp? Trending TW Vending, Inc. 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0.96333	Diablo was a nine-year-old, off-the-track Thoroughbred that I was asked to see as a fifth veterinary opinion. He had actually injured one veterinarian, scared away two others, and almost killed the fourth. This article brought to you by: The trainer “kind of” warned me of Diablo’s behaviors and said he was just a really mean horse, and he did not know what else to do for him… As soon as I approached Diablo, I could see his ears go back, his eyes squint, and he snorted and moved nervously as his body tightened up. Then he began to lift his right hind leg, aiming to kick me. I did all the nonverbal, loving, compas¬sionate communication I could. I slowly approached him, allowed him to sniff me, and I gently rubbed his neck. He tightened up even more, and I could see him aiming and still swinging that right hind to kick me. I performed the acu¬puncture point palpation exam as much as I was able. As soon as I reached his right hind over his sacroiliac region, he could no longer restrain himself. Diablo tried to strike me as viciously as possible, missing me by inches, clearly stating, “Don’t go there!” I was able to get close enough to perform a bit more thorough examination, and I suggested he go for a bone scan of the right sacroiliac region as I was suspicious of a possible old fracture from the racetrack in the right S-I joint. Few other injuries might cause that much chronic and severe pain in that area. I have seen many off-the-track Thoroughbreds with varying degrees of right sacroiliac injuries from strains, to ligamentous tears, to fractures due to racing too young and always going in the same direction. The trainer and owner refused to heed my advice. Fortunately, I knew the next rider who ended up with Diablo, and upon my recommendation, she agreed to take the horse to New Bolton Equine Center at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School. On the bone scan they did find an old injury to the right sacroiliac joint and through careful sedation, they were able to inject it. The horse’s personality instantly changed and he was not nearly as dangerous. Now manageable, Diablo flourished under his new rider’s loving, careful attention. The rider was able to rehabilitate the horse and bring him back to being rideable, and even nice most of the time. I rechecked the horse after the sacroiliac injection and was able to do a complete exam. He had been in such pain before that all he could do was defend himself in any way possible. I chuckled and suggested that she change his name to something more fitting for his new, improved personality, and that Diablo was perhaps not appropriate anymore. I treated the horse with acupuncture and chiropractic care every few months and was able to maintain him pain-free for over a year. After that time, he started to become more defensive around that S-I joint again, so I suggested the owner have her veterinarian or New Bolton Center re-inject the joint. They did so, and he was able to continue work for another year or more. Periodically he would need the S-I joint injected. I am so grateful to the rider who made the commitment to help Diablo. I am grateful to the veterinarians at New Bolton who were able to evaluate him, diagnose the problem, and treat him appropriately. From what I can see in the horses I treat, I believe that right-side sacroiliac injuries are common in off-the-track Thoroughbreds and cause a tremendous amount of pain in many of them. It is not normally part of a differential diagnosis for veterinarians who are not familiar with such injuries in racehorses. I would like to see this condition mentioned more in the veterinary literature in regard to Thoroughbreds that have raced. This is but one example of where I really feel for the horse. This excerpt from The Compassionate Equestrian by Dr. Allen Schoen and Susan Gordon is reprinted with permission from Trafalgar Square Books (www.horseandriderbooks.com).
0.999949	I'm a product description. I'm a great place to add more details about your product such as sizing, material, care instructions and cleaning instructions. I'm a product SKU: 284215376135191 $130.00Price Quantity Add to Cart PRODUCT INFO I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item. RETURN & REFUND POLICY I’m a Return and Refund policy. I’m a great place to let your customers know what to do in case they are dissatisfied with their purchase. Having a straightforward refund or exchange policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy with confidence. SHIPPING INFO I'm a shipping policy. I'm a great place to add more information about your shipping methods, packaging and cost. Providing straightforward information about your shipping policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy from you with confidence.
0.999913	Our super funds could have cleaned up when the market crashed 40% and then rebounded by about as much. That they didn't says a lot about how hard it is to time trades. Published on the 13 Aug 2020 by David Bell The past financial year has been one of the most volatile on record for stock markets, yet almost every Australian super fund has delivered similar returns. This not only demonstrates that super funds very rarely make large calls about when to buy and sell, it also gives an insight into what we should do when making our own investment decisions. Back in mid-February stock indices in Australia and overseas were at all-time highs. As COVID-19 took effect stock markets collapsed about 40% in less than five weeks. Then over the following three months amid massive injections of stimulus, both monetary and fiscal, many of those markets rallied by close to 40%. A super fund prepared to trust its judgement on timing could have done very well indeed, selling “going underweight in shares” as the news of COVID hit, and then buying “going overweight” when the market hit bottom. In fact, few did. The data insights firm Chant West reports that most so-called growth funds (exposed to growth assets such as shares) did much the same thing, recording a median loss of 0.6% over the year, gaining 6.4% in the seven months to the end of January and losing it in the five months that followed. Why don’t super funds time markets? Super funds are hesitant to aggressively time markets because it is both challenging and risky. Even with the benefit of hindsight it is difficult to identify all the reasons why a market moved in a particular direction. It is harder in real time, when a judgement needs to be made about whether a movement will continue. No single person or firm has access to all information, both public and private, and knows how to weigh each piece of information through time. Some approaches to timing seem to work for a while and then stop working (a phenomenon known as regime change). It is the same for investment managers: some have been lauded as successful only to subsequently fail. Switching strategies is hard It might sound counterintuitive, but it is especially hard for chief investment officers of super funds to switch strategies. Investment officers need to front commitees. These days chief investment officers tend to perform executive rather than hands-on duties. They can have responsibilities ranging from team management to communications. It is hard for them to get the time needed to bring together all the information they have access to, weigh it up and form a considered view. Regardless, any view that the chief investment officer does form is likely to be diluted by the bureaucracy of the fund. Sizeable market calls typically require approval by an investment committee or board, which can lead to a time-consuming, if healthy, debate and second thoughts. And many super funds are wary of their peer group. They don’t want to take the risk of doing something different which might see them underperforming the funds with which they are compared. Ultimately the sizing of any attempt at market timing is likely to be small. Super funds are big, and find it hard to move without moving prices. It means that even being 5% underweight or overweight in something is a big call. It’s even harder for us Consumers find it even harder to time markets. Institutions have better access to information and insights, and the people who run them generally have better qualifications and experience. And we are misled about how consistently they can get it right. Investment funds usually don’t mention the managers who under-perform, and the media loves winners. Even Hollywood eulogises the winners: the movie The Big Short tells the story of three hedge funds who made huge profits during the global financial crisis. What it doesn’t mention is that there were more than 10,000 hedge funds at the time and, while a small number made huge profits, thousands lost heavily and had to close. If consumers are interested in trading, which can be fun and engaging as well as stressful, they need to be aware that, on average, they are no more successful than the super funds, and not particularly successful at timing switches of options within their funds, such as from “growth” to “conservative”. Diaries can help One way to get better is to keep a paper diary detailing potential positions and the reasons for them, all the time indicating why they should be any better than the positions taken by professionals. It is critical to be aware of the potential for loss and the financial and psychological effect it can have, how exposed to those losses you are and what your plan is for when they turn up. Meeting a financial advisor can be a good place to start. David Bell, Executive Director, The Conexus Institute; Associate Investigator, CEPAR, UNSW This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article. Top UNSW.edu.au Engage with us Contact us Find an expert Careers at UNSW Education at UNSW Study UNSW International Degree Finder Student Portal Academic Calendar News, Media & Events Newsroom UNSW events Research news About us Our rankings & reputation Faculties and Schools Campus locations Centres and Institutes UNSW Library UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Telephone: +61 2 93851000 UNSW CRICOS Provider Code: 00098G TEQSA Provider ID: PRV12055 ABN: 57 195 873 179 Acknowledgement of Country UNSW is located on the unceded territory of the Bedegal (Kensington campus), Gadigal (City and Paddington Campuses) and Ngunnawal peoples (UNSW Canberra) who are the Traditional Owners of the lands where each campus of UNSW is situated.
0.997313	Viele Websites bieten die Möglichkeit des Preisvergleichs. Die relevante Frage lautet: Was vergleichen Sie? June 26, 2020 June 18, 2020 Layla Lane Der erste klare Indikator dafür, dass Sie ein Angebot von Touchatag.de erhalten, ist, wenn der Preis eines Anbieters niedriger ist als der der Konkurrenz. Sie müssen jedoch die Tatsache berücksichtigen, dass die anderen Preisschwankungen geschickt versteckt werden können. Zum Beispiel könnten sie Ihnen eine Schlagzahl von $1500 Dollar nennen, aber wenn es Gebühren im Wert von etwa $250 gibt, die Sie einhalten müssen, bevor Sie die Police erhalten. Daher wäre der korrekte Preis 1750 Dollar und nicht der niedrigere angegebene Wert. Auf der Preisvergleichs-Website erfahren Sie möglicherweise nicht, dass die Kfz-Handelsversicherungspolicen in verschiedenen Formaten dargestellt werden. Sehen Sie sich die Ausschlussbedingungen auf der Police an: Auch wenn das Angebot Ihnen einen hohen Preisvorteil bietet, können die Ausschlussbedingungen so streng sein, dass die Leistung eingeschränkt ist. Bei der Suche nach Kfz-Haftpflichtversicherungen müssen Sie nach Paketen suchen, die Ihnen Flexibilität bieten. Eine teure Police kann zum Beispiel den unschätzbaren Vorteil haben, Ihnen für die Dauer Ihrer Heimreise einen Pannendienst oder ein alternatives Fahrzeug zur Verfügung zu stellen. Diese Vergünstigungen kosten Geld, was die höheren Kosten der Police, die Sie in erster Linie erhalten haben, erheblich erklären könnte. Beachten Sie die Zahlungsbedingungen: Auch wenn der Gesamtpreis der Police gering sein mag Sind die Zahlungsbedingungen möglicherweise nicht günstig. Zum Beispiel könnten Ihnen hohe Zinssätze für Ratenzahlungen berechnet werden. Natürlich ist es immer ratsam, die Kfz-Haftpflichtversicherung auf einen Schlag zu bezahlen. Es macht keinen Sinn, hohe Zinsen für einen Betrag zu zahlen, den Sie sich leicht ausdenken könnten. Dennoch gibt es Menschen, die das Geld einfach nicht aufbringen können und deshalb einen Kredit benötigen. Achten Sie darauf, dass die Überschussforderungen vergleichbar sind Es gibt klare Unterschiede zwischen den freiwilligen und obligatorischen Überschussbeträgen. Wenn Sie den Vergleich vornehmen, müssen Sie sicherstellen, dass Sie eine vergleichbare Bewertung der Kfz-Haftpflichtversicherung vornehmen. Es ist verlockend, sich für die Hauptvergünstigungen zu entscheiden, ohne tiefer auf die Auswirkungen der Police einzugehen, die Sie zu diesem Zeitpunkt kaufen. Diese Versuchung kann Sie auf lange Sicht ganz schön viel Geld kosten. Überprüfen Sie den Ruf der jeweiligen Anbieter Es ist immer besser, eine Kfz-Haftpflichtversicherung von einem Anbieter abzuschließen, der in der Branche einen guten Ruf hat. Gehen Sie nicht auf die Cowboys los, die durch ihre Handelspraktiken bereits in Verruf geraten sind. Stattdessen sollten Sie immer nach Möglichkeiten suchen, Angebote von Anbietern zu finden, die Integrität besitzen. Sie könnten in eine sehr heikle Situation geraten, wenn sich herausstellt, dass Ihr Kfz-Handelsversicherungsanbieter nicht zahlungsfähig ist. Er wird sich zuerst mit den Gläubigern befassen, bevor er sich überhaupt mit Ihrem Fall befasst. Share Blogging, Consumer, News Federal Consumer Laws and Credit Agencies – How the Educated Consumer Can Benefit May 12, 2020 May 12, 2020 Layla Lane There are a gathering of government rules that give a wide scope of significant securities for customers against hurtful loaning rehearses. These rules incorporate the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 USC 1681), the Consumer Credit Protection Act (15 USC 1671), the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (15 USC 1692), the Truth in Lending Act (15 USC 1601), and the Fair Credit Billing Act (15 USC 1666). These laws are intended to secure buyers against maltreatment by banks and credit offices that can have a staggering impact upon individuals’ financial assessments, can hinder their capacity to seek after business, and can keep them owing debtors. The informed buyer should realize how to exploit government laws intended to secure against maltreatment by banks and credit organizations. With legitimate documentation that is anything but difficult to set up, the shopper can regularly constrain leasers and credit offices to address blunders or to pay huge harms through a claim To profit by this security the customer needs to comprehend the fundamental rights allowed by every resolution and to realize how to utilize them to advantage. On the off chance that the peruser is worried about the particular utilization of a resolution to the specific realities of his case, he should look for legitimate exhortation from a legal advisor in his state. This article centers around the rights built up under the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Foundation In 1968 Congress passed the Fair Credit Reporting Act (the FCRA) to secure buyers against uncalled for credit revealing. Congress stated: “Purchaser revealing organizations have expected an essential job in collecting and assessing customer credit and other data on consumers…There is a need to guarantee that buyer detailing offices practice their grave duties with decency, unprejudiced nature, and a regard for the shopper’s entitlement to protection.” Individuals are baffled just as monetarily harmed when they attempt to address blunders in their credit reports and the credit offices disregard them. You can limit these dissatisfactions by making sound judgment strides that will persuade or, if important, power the credit organization to act. The danger, or even insight, of an appropriately recorded legitimate activity will regularly break the logjam. The danger turns out to be significantly progressively viable if a lawyer gets included, and the resolution gives ways you can acquire the administrations of a lawyer at practically no expense to the purchaser. Claims Under The FCRA To win a common case, an offended party must set up both risk and harms. On the off chance that an offended party demonstrates that the litigant has disregarded a lawful obligation (risk), he is then qualified for the harms permitted under law that he can demonstrate. Shoppers can sue for infringement of the FCRA in either government or state court, and the FCRA gives the customer incredible legitimate apparatuses to seek after his case. These devices give the informed purchaser amazing influence to persuade or propel credit organizations to address mistakes in their reports. Synopsis Of The Fair Credit Reporting Act The FCRA comprises of various extensive segments that are written in specialized and regularly befuddling language. A few arrangements apply to restricted conditions while others have a wide application. We will examine the most significant arrangements including consistence methodology and common punishments. The resolution characterizes “purchaser” as a person, which implies that FCRA doesn’t ensure companies, associations or different business association. It applies just when a “purchaser report” is included. A “customer report” is any correspondence of data that can be utilized to assess credit or to decide capabilities for work, protection endorsing, administrative permit, authentic business exchanges that are started by the buyer, and other explicit uses, for example, concerning national security examinations. There are explicit limitations on the utilization of clinical data and constrained divulgence of data allowed to legislative offices. The buyer must assent before an imminent business can survey his report. Just certain data can show up in a shopper report. Liquidations over 10 years of age and other antagonistic data with the exception of records of feelings of wrongdoings over 7 years of age must be expelled. The checking time frame begins a half year after a move has been made on a reprobate record. There are arrangements against wholesale fraud and a notification arrangement if an insightful shopper report is being set up about the customer. The purchaser is qualified for certain data showing up in his report. On the off chance that the client of a credit report makes unfriendly move dependent on the report, he is committed to furnish the shopper with the name of the credit office outfitting the report and other data. It is likewise an infringement to get a shopper credit report under falsifications. Consistence Procedures The key arrangement of the FCRA is area 1681e. entitled “Consistence systems.” This segment sets up the main commitments of shopper detailing offices. Every office “will keep up sensible methods intended to dodge infringement” with respect to the incorporation of prohibited data and “to restrict the outfitting of shopper answers” to allowed purposes. Passage (b) is likely the most huge arrangement in the whole FCRA: “At whatever point a shopper announcing office readies a customer report it will follow sensible methodology to guarantee most extreme conceivable exactness of the data concerning the person about whom the report relates.” (Emphasis included). Area 1681i. expands the consistence arrangement by committing the credit office to lead a reinvestigation of questioned data when a customer informs the credit office of a debate. The organization should likewise advise the shopper regarding the consequence of its examination. The consistence necessity has significant functional applications which are talked about underneath. Courts have held that “sensible methodology” are techniques that a judicious individual going about as a credit announcing office would follow in light of the current situation.. Offices have been held obligated where the purchaser griped about mistaken reports and the office neglected to research. (Recollect this point – it is significant.) Agencies have additionally been discovered subject where they neglected to report that a thing was contested. On the off chance that there is an incorrectness that isn’t brought to the office’s consideration, the inquiry is whether the peril of damage to the buyer warrants the exertion expected to distinguish and stay away from the error. The purchaser can likewise build up absence of sensible methods by showing sensible elective methodology that would have forestalled the incorrectness. The customer can demonstrate his case without talking about the particular systems utilized by a credit office. These are on the whole inquiries of reality, and the informed purchaser can do a lot to build up the realities that he needs to win. Harms for Willful and Negligent Noncompliance This area forces risk on any “individual” damaging the FCRA. This incorporates both credit organizations and clients of credit reports. When the buyer has set up an infringement of the FCRA, he is qualified for harms. Area 1681n and 1681o make the FCRA an incredible implementation instrument for the customer. Area 1681n portrays the common risk of credit offices for “resolute resistance.” The purchaser all things considered is qualified for genuine harms, harms explicitly permitted by rule which extend from $100 to $1000, correctional harms, costs, and sensible lawyer’s charges. Area 1681o tends to common obligation for “careless resistance” which qualifies the purchaser for real harms, costs, and sensible lawyer’s expenses. The buyer is qualified for real harms, expenses and lawyer’s charges for both resolved and careless rebelliousness. Genuine harms have been deciphered to be comprehensive of practically any negative result. They incorporate cash based costs, injury to reliability, loss of notoriety, shame and embarrassment, and mental and passionate misery. In one case an offended party was granted $50,000 for stress, stress, uneasiness, loss of rest and costs of prosecution. Expenses are real cash based consumptions for the case just as legal expenses. Lawyer’s charges are determined based on the lawyer’s hourly rate and might be granted where there is an effective result. In the event that the offended party demonstrates that the resistance was obstinate, the individual in question is likewise qualified for legal harms of $100 to $1,000 and correctional harms. To show tenacious rebelliousness, which forces a higher lawful weight, the offended party must show that the respondent purposely and purposefully dedicated the demonstration in cognizant negligence of the privileges of others. A few choices have likewise included “foolish dismissal” of the privileges of the purchaser. The offended party doesn’t need to show malevolence or malice rationale. Courts have held that there was an adequate appearing of tenacity where an organization purposely remembered bogus data for a credit report; where a client of a credit report neglected to appropriately recognize a buyer detailing office in a letter turning down regarding credit; and where a credit office over and again sent futile structure letters so as to destroy the purchaser. Somebody was held to have acted foolishly where he didn’t freely dissect a contest. There are numerous situations where the case of stubbornness was dismissed. Factors in deciding the measure of reformatory harms to be granted incorporate the reason for the FCRA, the mischief to the shopper, the way wherein respondent led its business, and litigant’s pay and total assets. The offended party doesn’t need to demonstrate real harms so as to get reformatory harms. There are additionally criminal punishments for getting data under misrepresentations or purposely offering data to an unapproved person. In such cases the violator can be fined or detained for not over 2 years. Moreover, the FCRA can be upheld by the Federal Trade Commission and other government an Share Blogging, Consumer, News The New “Conscientious Consumer” – Who They Are and How to Connect With Them May 12, 2020 May 12, 2020 Layla Lane Rising Cultural Codes – The Foundations of Change Purchasers are getting increasingly cognizant on numerous levels. Truth be told the manner by which they are settling on choices and communicating inclinations inside our way of life is experiencing a key change. To such an extent that the business network is flooding with articles, books and gathering conversations about what’s going on. Who are these upright shoppers and in what capacity should organizations that furnish customer items approach interfacing with them? The move in purchaser conduct is being ascribed to an assortment of elements. These incorporate innovation, the craving for commitment, self assurance and supportability to give some examples. These elements are definitely in play yet they are the statement of a more profound groundswell of progress and the rise of another arrangement of social codes that characterize the manner in which individuals carry on over all parts of their lives. The manner by which individuals devour is one of the most obvious parts of this change and the most examined on the grounds that it is the premise of benefit for such a significant number of organizations. All things considered, customer conduct gives a fascinating knowledge into the prevailing and rising codes that characterize the very idea of the way of life that we live in. These codes can be viewed as the establishment on which all patterns, designs and trends are constructed and will be the beginning stage for this investigate the present customers. The Context of Cultural Change Social advancement and its effect on social and henceforth purchaser conduct is a continuum that can be followed back through history to the very commencement of our commitment in business and exchange. Thinking back gives intriguing knowledge into the manner in which individuals expended previously yet additionally features the predominant codes that decide buyer conduct today. It likewise permits us to make sensible forecasts about how that conduct will change going ahead. Thinking Back Industrialism as we probably am aware it started to develop after the finish of the Second World War. The assembling capacity built up to help the war exertion was diverted towards the creation of reasonable customer items for the rising white collar class. Around then the prevailing social code was similarity, soundness and regularity. A reasonable reaction to the change and social injury brought about by WW2 and the premise of the white picket fence attitude where individuals attempted to look and carry on especially similar. Brands that engaged this center social need succeeded. This implied an enormous interest for mass assembling, normalized items and this utilization drove the unbelievable development and flourishing of this period. To sum up the following 40 or so years, the 60’s stamped to some degree an arrival to the thought of independence however this was not far reaching enough to turn into the predominant social code. Downturn in the 70’s eased back things down altogether and afterward the 80’s and 90’s were actually about greater and better. Very status situated. The wholesaling of already extravagance brands, supersizing of vehicles, precious stones, marks, etc. What It Means What is fascinating about this point of view on buyer conduct is the shopper has not so much changed. They keep on devouring such that communicates the predominant social subjects that characterize the time where they live. They reliably try to speak to the qualities and show the status markers that accumulate endorsement and speak to progress as it is characterized by their way of life. So it is times that change and to comprehend the honest shopper we have to comprehend the social setting where they devour how that impacts their inclinations and molds their translation of significant worth. Our Life and Times So what is the social condition that speaks to the scenery to this faithful buyer? The codes are various yet a couple of hang out as far as truly driving the way that individuals expend. Customers are searching for commitment with the brands that they buy. They need a feeling of self assurance and the chance to build up an individualized personality. There is developing doubt of enormous companies and individuals are supplanting corporate with self portrayal. There is unfathomable new access to data through innovation so buyers are fundamentally progressively educated and advanced. At long last, mindfulness, duty and supportability are the new status markers and individuals are hoping to speak to these social qualities in the manner that they spend. The Conscientious Consumer So why the term Conscientious Consumer? Faithful methods a few things in this specific circumstance. Buyers are more brilliant and better educated. Their buying speaks to this by being either value savvy, as in a deal, or intelligent of the social qualities delineated previously. They use distributed configurations, for example, interpersonal interaction to accumulate data and don’t fully trust promotions and corporate item portrayals. They depend vigorously on verbal exchange to control and afterward fortify their decisions and invest a lot of energy inquiring about alternatives on-line before they purchase. They are as centered around the experience of buying as they are on the qualities of the item that they purchase and they are set up to spend altogether more if the item permits them to show the status markers characterized previously. They are likewise searching for more control in the buying procedure and the chance to separate themselves and underscore their distinction. They encourage another translation of significant worth that has more to do with what item says about what their identity is and what is imperative to them. So they are scrupulous regarding how all around educated they are yet in addition as far as their network with different buyers and the premise of their dynamic in accordance with social codes and qualities. Interpreted So what does this all mean to organizations hoping to flourish in this new space? All the discussion and conversation related with this moving scene, while interesting, gets scholarly in the event that it doesn’t convert into usable rules and proposals for organizations trying to interface with these shoppers. So as to flourish, organizations need to comprehend what customers are searching for and make items and encounters that mirror those things. Pick a Pole Buying is turning out to be energized around two to some degree various objectives; the chase for a deal and the longing to show the new, scrupulous and manageable status markers. This is driving intriguing wonders called the passing of the white collar class item. Basically, individuals will purchase items that speak to the most economical or will spend much more to purchase novel, custom, extravagance or eco benevolent merchandise that fulfill the buyers’ optimal portrayal of themselves. A lot of what lies in the middle of is beginning to vanish. A genuine case of this is the downfall of the American vehicle industry that has been producing mid evaluated, normal quality item for quite a long time and has neglected to recognize the should be either more clean, less expensive or more extravagance based. Buyer items organizations should pick their spot on this guide around one of these shafts and avoid the center. Make Space It is turning out to be evident that customers are giving as much consideration to the experience of buying as they are to the properties of the items that they purchase. Organizations are putting vigorously in making both physical and computerized situations that fit in with new examples spending. To make speculations regarding these spaces, they are intended to make the feeling of a network that is intelligent in the development of person to person communication. They are a fun and simple spot to hang out and permit the buyer to investigate in manners that vibe insignificant. As it were the shopper doesn’t feel like they are being sold on something or controlled towards a choice. At long last they are working as a data asset to the buyer so as to create trust or implying to speak to perfect qualities, for example, supportability. Several extraordinary instances of this are Anthropology on the retail side where they have set up zones in the store where clients can plunk down and mingle. On the web, Trulia.com is an incredible model in view of its utilization of visit rooms and data assets. The look and feel of the site is light and there is no order towards an exchange. Make a Customizable Product Shoppers are making a decent attempt to separate themselves and exhibit a degree of singularity in the manner that they devour. This being valid, the more the purchaser can control the experience of buying the item or the item itself, the more capable they are to fulfill this craving. NileGuide.com is an electronic travel organization that permits you to research and plan your outing on the web. The same old thing there however this organization has separated itself by permitting the client to make custom agenda based travel advisers for take with them, gather or offer with companions. This is an extraordinary case of an organization that has taken advantage of individuals’ longing for a custom item that permits them to extend there uniqueness to their social circle. Commitment and communicating in the correct language It’s not just about having the correct item and the correct space to sell it from. Buyers need and should be locked in. Commitment is tied in with setting up a relationship with the customer after some time and making an enthusiastic association among them and your image. Commitment implies various things in various shopper conditions yet consistently implies more noteworthy client dependability and value desensitization. Commitment today implies making a convincing and bona fide message that makes an enthusiastic association among customers. Technique has worked admirably making this association by conveying an in number eco delicate message with regards to family cleaning items. Keep It Clean Purchasers have the data assets to check an organization informing and brand character against their corporate practices and qualities. Organizations are required more Share Search for: Categories Blogging Consumer News Private internet Recent Post Kann die Polizei Online-Käufe zurückverfolgen? Viele Websites bieten die Möglichkeit des Preisvergleichs. Die relevante Frage lautet: Was vergleichen Sie?
0.999998	Article about: Hi,here is a visor in mint condition can anyone help me with the year and value?thanks guys!! OK GUYS,IT HAS THE ORIGINAL PRICE ON IT WITH NUMBERS..THEY START AT THE TOP 441-64 THEN UNDER TH 05-09-2010, 01:40 AM #1 pammy ? U.s navy visor? Hi,here is a visor in mint condition can anyone help me with the year and value?thanks guys!! OK GUYS,IT HAS THE ORIGINAL PRICE ON IT WITH NUMBERS..THEY START AT THE TOP 441-64 THEN UNDER THAT 342-520 THEN THE PRICE $39.00 IF I WAS TO GUESS IT WOULD BE 1964? Click to enlarge the picture Last edited by pammy; 05-09-2010 at 02:04 AM. . 05-09-2010, 02:27 AM #2 Walkwolf ? Re: U.s navy visor? US Army Officer of high rank..... Don't know the era, but it looks new. Not sure if Bancroft still exists. Take a look at the back of the badge for a maker. Regards, Steve. . 05-09-2010, 02:32 AM #3 pammy ? Re: U.s navy visor? Hi,Not sure what you mean?the eagle has a big round sqrew /bolt and not sure as taking it off.its never been used as the price is still on it and a plastic looks like a chin strap?i will try to take it off but what am i looking for?date . 05-09-2010, 02:40 AM #4 pammy ? Re: U.s navy visor? here are more pictures. Click to enlarge the picture . 05-09-2010, 02:42 AM #5 pammy ? Re: U.s navy visor? 3 Click to enlarge the picture . 05-09-2010, 02:54 AM #6 Walkwolf ? Re: U.s navy visor? by pammy Hi,Not sure what you mean?the eagle has a big round sqrew /bolt and not sure as taking it off.its never been used as the price is still on it and a plastic looks like a chin strap?i will try to take it off but what am i looking for?date Look for a maker mark........this may give an idea of the era in which it was made. May be as late as the 1970's / 80's. Regards, Steve. . 05-09-2010, 03:00 AM #7 pammy ? Re: U.s navy visor? thanks,i will look but the sticker with the price on it $39 could you get one for that in the 70s-80s ? the sticker has 64 thought that might be the year ?thanks just wanted to have an idea as i was going to list this on e-bay..what do you think just list it and tell abought the sticker and numbers and let them decide?i guess i could start the aution at $10 whats your thoughts?thanks so much steve.. . 08-30-2010, 05:37 AM #8 visor_cap_collector ? Re: U.s navy visor? I have an identical cap, but without the gold on the visor and different maker. Mine is Vietnam era, though. Definately Army. this should help . 08-30-2010, 06:15 AM #9 dustyr55 ? Re: U.s navy visor? U.S. Army Field Grade Officer's service cap. Goes with the class A service uniform, which is still used today, although it is on the way out, being replaced with a blue uniform. As for value, whatever anyone is willing to pay, I guess.
0.905377	A WordPress theme is actually a collection of files (style sheets, graphics, and programming code) which determines how your blog or site looks. Themes can be used to control everything from the color scheme of your site to the size of the hyperlink color. It’s used to transform your WordPress blog or website into an online community with forums, blogs and mailing lists. If you’ve ever been involved in online community building before, you already know how powerful these tools are. Many newbies don’t realize the power of WordPress themes for website customization until they start looking for one and end up empty-handed. There are literally thousands of free themes available on the internet for WordPress, making it impossible to say that you have not found a theme that will work for you. Of course, not every single theme is perfect for all users, so it’s important to understand your own personal needs before you go out and buy a theme. Understanding your needs is the first step to deciding which WordPress theme you want. This includes understanding your needs, such as what theme is best for your website and how user-friendly it can be. You may also want to add any plugins or components. Many themes are free for beginners, which makes them great purchases for anyone who is just starting with WordPress. One of the biggest problems with free website themes is compatibility. There is simply no way to know whether the theme you’re downloading will be compatible with your computer and WordPress version. While most website themes come in a standard version, there are some that are exclusive to WordPress. Some of the more unique free website themes include Logobyblog, which is an icon theme based on WordPress, andigo, which is an Italian designer-made theme, among many others. These themes are great for those who are just starting out and don’t want to make any changes in their website design. Premium themes are the best choice if you want the best WordPress themes. Premium themes are typically more expensive, but they come with high quality graphic elements, custom website options, useful features, quick application, and many more benefits. Although they are a bit more costly than the average free theme, they are more likely to be fully functional and works with most WordPress versions currently in the market. Here are some of these main benefits of premium themes: Customization Options: Premium WordPress themes offer a wide variety of customization options for each setting and category. This may not be possible with a standard theme. You should also be aware that if you make a change to one part of your website, it is likely that other parts of the site will not be compatible. When you opt to use a premium theme, this is not a problem. Many themes offer hundreds of options for each page and category. You can make modifications, add pages, or completely redesign your website’s appearance. Advanced User Experience: Using user experience as a factor when deciding on a website theme is very important. Users don’t want to be presented with multiple options to find the information they need. That’s why WordPress user experience should be considered before choosing a theme. The WordPress code should be simple and contain only the essential features. A good theme will offer all these and much more. There are literally thousands upon thousands of free WordPress themes that you can download from the internet. Although many themes are great, it is important to look at the best themes. These are specifically designed for WordPress and can be used on any website. Finding the right theme can make a huge difference to the overall design and functionality of your site. There are hundreds of free themes available, but how can you choose the right one for your business? It is important to choose the best free themes. They are well-designed and easy to install. Free WordPress themes are a great way to get started building your website or blog. These themes are free and can help you save time, money, and effort. There are hundreds of free themes that you can choose from. They are also perfect for your website. It’s possible to create a website that looks great and is tailored to your needs with a little research. WordPress Theme Products Foundation WordPress Theme WordPress Theme Where To Put Wp_Head() WordPress Review Plug-in Theme Divi WordPress Theme For Academics Insert A Font In Elegant Theme In WordPress WordPress Theme Vs Website Builder Difference WordPress Theme Blog Post And Customize Free WordPress Theme Biography Creating Site For WordPress Theme Business Minimalist WordPress Theme Categories WordPress Theme Tags astra wordpress theme, avada wordpress theme, divi wordpress theme, free wordpress theme, what wordpress theme is that, wordpress child theme, wordpress custom theme tutorial, wordpress theme, wordpress theme detector Post navigation
0.992354	There's an advance payment requested when booking, and the remaining amout can be paid in cash on the day. The plan Come and enjoy the Costa Brava,, We'll go kayaking in its crystalline turquoise waters and discover some natural pools and nice coves hidden between the cliffs and the forest. We’ll enjoy a good dip in some beautiful coves and do a little snorkeling in crystal clear waters. Then, we will walk along a section of the Camino de Ronda where we’ll enjoy wonderful views of the sea, we’ll pass through tunnels dug into the rock and we will discover the Torre Colomina, an old coastal defense tower built in the 15th century to protect the town from pirate attacks. After the activity, each one will be able to decide whether to eat the picnic sunbathing on the beach or to go to a beach bar to drink and eat something. Difficulty: Kayak: 1h30min route Difficulty: Suitable for all people. Hiking: 1.30-2.00 h route Difficulty: easy. How do we get there? We will go by private bus from Sant Andreu Arenal, Barcelona. If you're going with your own car, we'lle inform you about the meeting time and the exact meeting pointt at Platja d'Aro. What to bring: Covid19: mask + hand sanitizer. Hiking shoes Sun protection (glasses, cap, sun cream) Picnic + snacks Water (1,5L) Swimsuit and towel Long-sleeved shirt to protect from the sun during the kayak (recommended) Snorkel goggles (optional) Price of the package bus+ hike + kayak: €60 includes: • Official mountain guide • Kayak guide • Kayak rental + safety equipment • Insurance in case of accident + CL • Private bus round trip from Barcelona • VAT - Not included: • Picnic Price of the kayak and hike only: €42 Includes all the above except the bus. Price of the bus only: €32 Includes only the bus round trip from Barcelona Cancellation policy: COVID19: in case of cancellation due to restrictions related to Covid-19, we will send you a promotional code for the amount paid that you can use to book another activity in the future (without a deadline). If cancellation till 72h before the beginning of the activity, 50% will be charged. If late cancellation (less than 72h before), full payment will be requested. Additional information: based on the weather forecast, YEPALO may decide to change the location of this activity in order to ensure maximum safety and the greatest enjoyment of all participants.
0.999915	A. MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST: SHADE THE LETTER OF THE BEST ANSWER. $ A B C $ 1. What image file format is mostly recommended for published web documents? C.PNG 2. A principle of design that draws the eye attention to a part of the document A. rhythm B. emphasis C. balance 3. The element of design that separates elements within a page A. line B. shape C. color 4. Expresses closeness and speed of movement A. square B. circle C. triangle 5. Emphasizes constant growth of risk but gains A. triangle B. circle C. square B. Fill in the blanks. Write the answer on the blank provided. Choose from the words in the box. \begin{tabular}{\|l} Balance Emphasis Rhythm Unity \\ Contrast size Texture color \end{tabular} 1. The repetition of one or more elements in a design 2. The feeling of harmony that is created by all the parts and elements of a design 3. Produced by an object that reflects light 4. The equal distribution of weight in a design 5. The look or feel of a surface Help me now plss
0.999997	Traditional JavaScript focuses on functions and prototype-based inheritance as the basic means of building up reusable components, but this may feel a bit awkward to programmers more comfortable with an object-oriented approach, where classes inherit functionality and objects are built from these classes. Starting with ECMAScript 2015, also known as ECMAScript 6, JavaScript programmers will be able to build their applications using this object-oriented class-based approach. TypeScript, allows you to use these techniques. Let’s take a look at a simple class-based example: class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor(message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } let greeter = new Greeter("world"); We declare a new class Greeter. This class has three members: a property called greeting, a constructor, and a method greet. You’ll notice that in the class when we refer to one of the members of the class we prepend this.. This denotes that it’s a member access. In the last line we construct an instance of the Greeter class using new. This calls into the constructor we defined earlier, creating a new object with the Greeter shape, and running the constructor to initialize it. Inheritance In TypeScript, we can use common object-oriented patterns. Of course, one of the most fundamental patterns in class-based programming is being able to extend existing classes to create new ones using inheritance. Let’s take a look at an example: class Animal { name: string; constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; } move(distanceInMeters: number = 0) { console.log(`${this.name} moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`); } } class Snake extends Animal { constructor(name: string) { super(name); } move(distanceInMeters = 5) { console.log("Slithering..."); super.move(distanceInMeters); } } class Horse extends Animal { constructor(name: string) { super(name); } move(distanceInMeters = 45) { console.log("Galloping..."); super.move(distanceInMeters); } } let sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python"); let tom: Animal = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino"); sam.move(); tom.move(34); This example covers quite a few of the inheritance features in TypeScript that are common to other languages. Here we see the extends keywords used to create a subclass. You can see this where Horse and Snake subclass the base class Animal and gain access to its features. Derived classes that contain constructor functions must call super() which will execute the constructor function on the base class. The example also shows how to override methods in the base class with methods that are specialized for the subclass. Here both Snake and Horse create a move method that overrides the move from Animal, giving it functionality specific to each class. Note that even though tom is declared as an Animal, since its value is a Horse, when tom.move(34) calls the overriding method in Horse: Slithering... Sammy the Python moved 5m. Galloping... Tommy the Palomino moved 34m. Public, private, and protected modifiers Public by default In our examples, we’ve been able to freely access the members that we declared throughout our programs. If you’re familiar with classes in other languages, you may have noticed in the above examples we haven’t had to use the word public to accomplish this; for instance, C# requires that each member be explicitly labeled public to be visible. In TypeScript, each member is public by default. You may still mark a member public explicitly. We could have written the Animal class from the previous section in the following way: class Animal { public name: string; public constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; } public move(distanceInMeters: number) { console.log(`${this.name} moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`); } } Understanding private When a member is marked private, it cannot be accessed from outside of its containing class. For example: class Animal { private name: string; constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; } } new Animal("Cat").name; // Error: 'name' is private; TypeScript is a structural type system. When we compare two different types, regardless of where they came from, if the types of all members are compatible, then we say the types themselves are compatible. However, when comparing types that have private and protected members, we treat these types differently. For two types to be considered compatible, if one of them has a private member, then the other must have a private member that originated in the same declaration. The same applies to protected members. Let’s look at an example to better see how this plays out in practice: class Animal { private name: string; constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; } } class Rhino extends Animal { constructor() { super("Rhino"); } } class Employee { private name: string; constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; } } let animal = new Animal("Goat"); let rhino = new Rhino(); let employee = new Employee("Bob"); animal = rhino; animal = employee; // Error: 'Animal' and 'Employee' are not compatible In this example, we have an Animal and a Rhino, with Rhino being a subclass of Animal. We also have a new class Employee that looks identical to Animal in terms of shape. We create some instances of these classes and then try to assign them to each other to see what will happen. Because Animal and Rhino share the private side of their shape from the same declaration of private name: string in Animal, they are compatible. However, this is not the case for Employee. When we try to assign from an Employee to Animal we get an error that these types are not compatible. Even though Employee also has a private member called name, it’s not the one we declared in Animal. Understanding protected The protected modifier acts much like the private modifier with the exception that members declared protected can also be accessed by instances of deriving classes. For example, class Person { protected name: string; constructor(name: string) { this.name = name; } } class Employee extends Person { private department: string; constructor(name: string, department: string) { super(name); this.department = department; } public getElevatorPitch() { return `Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I work in ${this.department}.`; } } let howard = new Employee("Howard", "Sales"); console.log(howard.getElevatorPitch()); console.log(howard.name); // error Notice that while we can’t use name from outside of Person, we can still use it from within an instance method of Employee because Employee derives from Person.
0.964656	Children are often encouraged to drink milk especially during their growing years as milk contains calcium that strengthens bones and other important nutrients. However, there are people who are lactose intolerant at an early age, so alternatives to dairy milk are needed like soy, oat, rice, and even almond milk. Almond milk can be bought in pre-packaged cartons or you can easily find an almond milk recipe and make homemade almond milk! The process is easy and it is not difficult to obtain the ingredients for it. Almond milk recipe ingredients and equipment The basic ingredients of any almond milk recipe are almonds and water. If it is your first time to make almond milk, begin with a ratio of 2 cups of water for every cup of almonds. If you wish your milk to be thicker, just decrease the amount of water you use. If you want to have thinner milk, add more water. In list form, here are the ingredients you need as well as some optional ones plus their amounts: 1 cup of almonds (preferably organic ones for healthier homemade almond milk tea) 2 cups of water (this amount is for making almond milk tea; you’ll need more water for soaking the almonds) (Optional) Sweetener of your choice (sugar, honey, maple syrup, etc.) or flavourings like cinnamon, vanilla, chocolate, etc. The pieces of equipment you need to make almond milk are also minimal. You need the following: 1 big, deep bowl 1 strainer 1 measuring cup 1 blender or food processor 1 finely meshed cheese cloth or nut milk bag (also called sprouting bags) How to make almond milk Now that your ingredients and equipment are ready, it’s time for the fun part: making almond milk! Almonds are tough nuts and the first step in any almond milk recipe is to soak them in water. You can soak them overnight or up to two days. If you’re pressed for time, soaking the almonds for at least an hour still works, however, the longer the almonds are soaked, the creamier your almond milk will be! The soaked almonds must be covered with about 1 inch of water. After soaking the almonds, drain the soaking water and rinse them with cold running water. If amply soaked, the almonds should feel squishy when pinched and appear plumper and juicier. When you’re done rinsing them, combine them with two cups of water in your blender or food processor. Although using either equipment is great, making almond milk with a blender is slightly better as the resulting product is silkier in texture and has a hint of sweetness. With a food processor, the milk is thicker and has a more prominent nutty flavour and gritty texture. Refer to your taste preference for almond milk to determine which equipment to use. Put your blender or food processor on its highest mode for around 2 minutes. You can do this continuously or pulse the equipment a few times to break up the almonds more easily. When using a processor, you may need to scrape down its sides from time to time. You need to form the almonds into an extremely fine meal and the liquid should begin turning white. Begin lining your strainer with the nut milk bag or cheese cloth over a measuring cup or another bowl. Slowly pour in the almond milk. Most of it will be easily filtered from the fine meal, but after a while you’ll need to gently twist and squeeze the bag or cloth to coax the remaining milk out. The extracted liquid can fill around two cups. Taste the almond milk. Does it still need some sweetness? If so, carefully add your preferred sweetener. As for the other flavourings, you can either blend them together with the almonds and water how much is herpes treatment or after the almond milk has been extracted. As for the remaining almond pulp (you’ll probably have a cup of this), there are plenty of uses for it like adding it to homemade granola, cereal, smoothies, etc. It can also be chilled and served as a snack! Almond milk storage Because it is homemade almond milk, it will not last as long as those pre-packaged brands you find in stores (they are usually in special long life cartons). Therefore, aside from knowing how to make almond milk, you also need to know how to store it properly. If you won’t consume it right away, make sure to store the milk in sealed containers and refrigerate them. They can last for 2 to 5 days. To avoid spoilage, it’s best to drink it right away. Do you have your own almond milk recipe? Isn’t it more wonderful and cheaper to make it at the comfort of your own kitchen? almond milk recipe homemade almond milk How to make almond milk make almond milk making almond milk 2013-07-27
0.948717	[Business] - Govt to revisit AI stake sale plan after oil prices, forex rates stabilise \| Times of India submitted by AutoNewspaperAdmin to AutoNewspaper [link] [comments] 2 years of PTI with the economy As PTI comes onto two years, I felt like making this post on account of seeing multiple people supporting PML-N for having an allegedly better economy for Pakistan, particularly with allegations present that PTI has done nothing for the economy. So here's a short list of some major achievements done by PTI in contrast to PML-N. Stopping Pakistan from defaulting: The move to devalue the rupee was one done despite knowing the backlash that would be faced. Under Nawaz Sharif the rupee was artificially overvalued through loans and forex reserves, this meant Pakistan had no sustainable way for repaying those massive loans. Imran Khan on the other hand had to approach the IMF due to these overlaying maturing debts, lack of growth in exports under PMLN, decline in Foreign Direct Investment and an ever higher import bill. This was done at the cost of letting the rupee massively devalue against the dollar, however paved the path for economic stability as noted by the IMF. Renewed focus on taxation: Easily the most controversial facet of the economic policy by PTI, but one that has shown merit and results. Overall, there has been a 40% increase in returns filers and a 17% revenue increase. This coupled with a massive austerity scheme, meant that the government has started an incline towards increasing it's revenues. While this hasn't been met with open arms, it presents a solution to the everpresent crisis that the Pakistan government has faced, in it's inability to increase it's revenues. Not only that, but the general taxation system was streamlined, making it easier for individuals to file taxes. Introductions of new apps and consolidating activities for the FBR were among the efforts as well. Moreover, businesses that were entitled to tax refunds are finally being granted them, under PMLN they were held onto so as to inflate collection numbers, however under PTI that has changed and it's not inflated. It is worth noting, that because of the covid-19 pandemic, the effect of the austerity schemes and feasibility have seriously dampened, and it's created a bigger problem for increasing revenue collection. However it is one that can be solved. The government succeeded, quite commendably, in revising the tax collection revenue which had been set unrealistically high by the IMF. What can also be recognised, were the 60% cuts in the Presidential house. Alongside a 58% decrease in Presidential secretariat for allowances for officers and staff, not to forget the decision to not increase government salaries for this fiscal year nor introduce new taxes. A bold but needed decision. The account deficit: Arguably one of the biggest examples of progress has been in the reduction of the account deficit. Under PML-N the account deficit had carried forward, and increased to nearly $5 billion, but shrunk massively once PTI came into power. A total decrease of nearly 78% from the previous fiscal year. The lowest recorded from the previous 5 years. Even when looked at from the perspective of the account deficit in percentage of GDP; the general trend has been improving under PTI. Under PMLN the total account deficit as a % of GDP had grown to -5.4%, however under PTI it has shrunk to -1.1% of GDP in FY2020 and was -3.4% in 2019. It is worth noting, that some may criticise the overall decrease in the account deficit to be a result of the decrease in imports, and the increase in worker remittances, however this was indeed a result of the overall economic impact from the covid-19 pandemic. And that general trends support the notion of exports increasing and the account deficit decreasing in the second quarter of 2019. Revitalisation of exports & balance of trade: The shift in policies towards increasing exports has been among the most vital, the growing negative balance of trade under PML-N finally stabilised under PTI. Although the recent spikes can be attributed to the global drop in imports because of covid-19, and the overall curtailing of imported goods. The export rates in Pakistan have shown a massive growth as well; going from negative growth to spontaneous positive growth. Nearly doubling in total export value, going from -5% growth in 2015 to +10% growth in 2019. Which are massive, and much-needed improvements. World bank data shows the rapid decline of Pakistani exports which occurred, as a % of GDP, which went from 13% in 2013 when PML-N came into power, to 8% in 2017 — a near 40% decrease in total exports from 2013-2017. To which we now once again notice the growth where the exports as % of GDP have increased to 10% in 2019 from 8% in 2017; recording an overall positive growth of 10%. These things all in all prove the export based benefits PTI has managed to bring in it's tenure, which sadly have seen a halt due to the effects of covid-19, yet the situation remains hopeful in the recovery. Especially given Pakistan is recording a trade surplus with Italy and other such examples. Ease of Business: One thing that cannot be sidelined is the massive improval in the ease of business. While under PMLN, Pakistan massively decreased in it's EoB Iease of business) ranking, going from 110 to 136 to so on. Once Imran Khan came into power, Pakistan climbed the Ease of Business ranking, with a massive improvement of upto 28 spots. A huge increase over PMLN, where it had fallen by a total of 36 positions. For perspective. Currently Pakistan stands at 108th, as a result of easing tax collection, reducing corporate tax, introducing online one-stop shops which made the process of starting businesses considerably easier, and the overall ease in paying taxes through online processes. Tourism: The reforms and measures taken to facilitate tourism in Pakistan were evidently among the most successful — Pakistan went from being sidelined to being amongst the worlds top destinations to visit. There were multiple reasons for this, the removal of the mandatory NOC, the initiative for online visas for upto 175 countries alongside visa-on-arrival for 50 countries were among the facilitating measures taken for tourism. Foreign Direct Investment: What can be appreciated is the general reception of Pakistan's economic outlook, where FDI climbed by upto 137% within this fiscal year, gathering upto nearly $2.1 billion. Yet, once again — the pandemic will undoubtedly cause most countries to rethink their economic policies for now, and the overall FDI might see a downward trend with regards to global decrease in FDI. Despite, the increases in FDI are welcomed, especially considering total foreign investment rose 380 percent to $2.375 billion in July-March FY2020. Yet the sustainability of this remains to be seen. Dealing with covid: Despite all odds, Pakistan has somehow managed to deal well with the pandemic. Coming out relatively alright, in perspective of countries such as India, Mexico, Italy, Brazil etc. The factor that plays out, is that despite being incredibly vulnerable, the country managed to pull through and has markedly reduced the impact of the virus. With regards to the economy, taking a bold risk of abating a complete lockdown, whilst met with criticism was once again a factor that showed competency. Keeping in mind that 51 million Pakistanis lived below the poverty line, and the adverse effect it would have on the economy. Pakistan managed to come through the economic contraction with only a -0.38% growth. Although the full effects are still not abated or understood, what's commendable is the fact that Pakistan under PTI has kept itself from an even worse situation. Whilst managing to keep covid under relative control. Especially given increases in exports despite the pandemic in countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Italy. This is by no means a highly comprehensive list, just my opinion on some of the bigger achievements; saving the economy from defaulting, adopting tax reforms, tourism reforms, export reforms among them whilst managing covid and economic stability with relative success. There are of course a multitude of other factors, successfully avoiding a blacklist from the FATF, macroeconomic reforms, attempts to strengthen the working class; ehsaas programs, Naya Pakistan housing schemes alongside other relief efforts. These are measures in accordance with curtailing the effect of increasing taxation and attempts to abate the economic slowdown that came as a result of forcing an increase in government revenue. Alongside the focus on multiple new hydroelectric dams, industrial cities, reduction of the PM office staff from 552 to 298, 10 billion tree project and an overall renewed interest in renewable energy and green Pakistan. The list is comprehensive. Pakistan remains on a rocky path, it is not out of the woods yet. Covid-19 has seriously hampered the overall projections, and caused a worldwide economic contraction. Not only that, but there are criticisms that can be attributed to the government as well, as they are not without fault. However, the overall achievements of the government with regards to the economy do present hope for the long-term fiscal policy and development of Pakistan. submitted by moron1ctendenc1es to pakistan [link] [comments] RBI & how its policies can start to affect the market Disclaimer: This DD is to help start forming a market view as per RBI announcements. Also a gentle reminder that fundamentals play out over a longer time frame than intraday. The authors take no responsiblity for your yolos. With contributions by Asli Bakchodi, Bran OP & dragononweed! What is the RBI? RBI is the central bank of India. They are one of the key players who affect India’s economic trajectory. They control currency supply, banking rules and more. This means that it is not a bank in which retailers or corporates can open an account with. Instead they are a bank for bankers and the Government of India. Their functions can be broadly classified into 6. · Monetary authority · Financial supervisor for financial system · Issuer of currency · Manages Foreign exchange · Bankers bank · Banker to the government This DD will take a look at each of these functions. It will be followed by a list of rates the RBI sets, and how changes in them can affect the market. 1. Monetary Authority One of RBI’s functions is to achieve the goal of “Price Stability” in the economy. This essentially means achieving an inflation rate that is within a desired limit. A monetary policy committee (MPC) decides on the desired inflation rate and its limits through majority vote of its 6 members, in consultation with the GoI. The current inflation target for RBI is as follows Consumer Price Inflation (CPI): 4% Upper Limit: 6% Lower Limit: 2% An increase in CPI means less purchasing power. Generally speaking, if inflation is too high, the public starts cutting down on spending, leading to a negative impact on the markets. And vice versa. Lower inflation leads to more purchasing power, more spending, more investments leading to a positive impact on the market. 2. Financial Supervisor For Financial System A financial system consists of financial markets (Capital market, money market, forex market etc.), financial institutions (banks, stock exchanges, NBFC etc) & financial assets (currencies, bills, bonds etc) RBI supervises this entire system and lays down the rules and regulations for it. It can also use further ‘Selective Credit Controls’ to regulate banks. 3. Issues of currency The RBI is responsible for the printing of currency notes. RBI is free to print as much as it wants as long as the minimum reserve of Rs 200 Cr (Gold 112 Cr) is maintained. The RBI has total assets or a balance size sheet of Rs. 51 trillion (April 2020). (1 Trillion = 1 Lakh crore) India’s current reserves mean our increase in currency circulation is well managed. 4. Manages Foreign Exchange RBI regulates all of India’s foreign exchange transactions. It is the custodian of all of foreign currencies in India. It allows for the foreign exchange value of the rupee to be controlled. RBI also buy and sell rupees in the foreign exchange market at its discretion. In case of any currency movement, a country’s central bank can directly intervene to either push the currency up, as India has been doing, or to keep it artificially low, as the Chinese central bank does. To push up a currency, a central bank can sell dollars, which is the global reserve currency, or the currency against which all others are measured. To push down a currency, a central bank can buy dollars. The RBI deciding this depends on the import/export and financial health of the country. Generally a weaker rupee means imports are more expensive, but are favourable for exports. And a stronger rupee means imports are cheaper but are unfavourable for exports. A weaker rupee can make foreign investment more lucrative driving up FII. A stronger rupee can have an adverse effect of FII investing in markets. 5. Banker’s Bank Every bank has to maintain a certain amount of reserve with the RBI. A certain percentage of a bank’s liabilities (anywhere between 3-15% as decided by RBI) has to be maintained in this account. This is called the Cash Reserve Ratio. This is determined by the MPC during the monetary policy review (which happens every six weeks at present). It lends money from this reserve to other banks if they are short on cash, but generally, it is seen as a last resort move. Banks are encouraged to meet their shortfalls of cash from other resources. 6. Banker to the government RBI is the entity that carries out ALL monetary transactions on behalf of the Government. It holds custody of the cash balance of the Government, gives temporary loans to both central and state governments and manages the debt operations of the central Government, through instruments of debt and the interest rates associated with them - like bonds. The different rates set & managed by RBI - Repo rate The rate at which RBI is willing to lend to commercial banks is called as Repo Rate. Banks sometimes need money for emergency or to maintain the SLR and CRR (explained below). They borrow this from RBI but have to pay some interest on it. The interest that is to be paid on the amount to the RBI is called as Repo Rate. It does not function like a normal loan but acts like a forward contract. Banks have to provide collateral like government bonds, T-bills etc. Repo means Repurchase Option is the true meaning of Repo an agreement where the bank promises to repurchase these government securities after the repo period is over. As a tool to control inflation, RBI increases the Repo Rate making it more expensive for banks to borrow from the RBI with a view to restrict availability of money. Exact opposite stance shall be taken in case of deflationary environment. The change of repo rate is aimed to affect the flow of money in the economy. An increase in repo rate decreases the flow of money in the economy, while the decrease in repo rate increases the flow of money in the economy. RBI by changing these rates shows its stance to the economy at large whether they prioritize growth or inflation. - Reverse Repo Rate The rate at which the RBI is willing to borrow from the Banks is called as Reverse Repo Rate. If the RBI increases the reverse repo rate, it means that the RBI is willing to offer lucrative interest rate to banks to park their money with the RBI. Banks in this case agree to resell government securities after reverse repo period. Generally, an increase in reverse repo rate that banks will have a higher incentive to park their money with RBI. It decreases liquidity, affecting the market in a negative manner. Decrease in reverse repo rate increases liquidity affecting the market in a positive manner. Both the repo rate and reverse repo rate fall under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility tools for RBI. - Cash reserve ratio (CRR) Banks in India are required to deposit a specific percentage of their net demand and time liabilities (NDTL) in the form of CASH with the RBI. This minimum ratio (that is the part of the total deposits to be held as cash) is stipulated by the RBI and is known as the CRR or Cash Reserve Ratio. These reserves will not be in circulation at any point in time. For example, if a bank had a NDTL (like current Account, Savings Account and Fixed Deposits) of 100Cr and the CRR is at 3%, it would have to keep 3Cr as Cash reserve ratio to the RBI. This amount earns no interest. Currently it is at 3%. A lower cash ratio means banks can deposit just a lower amount and use the remaining money leading to higher liquidity. This translates to more money to invest which is seen as positive for the market. Inversely, a higher cash ratio equates to lower liquidity which translates to a negative market sentiment. Thus, the RBI uses the CRR to control excess money flow and regulate liquidity in the economy. - Statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) Banks in India have to keep a certain percentage of their net demand and time liabilities WITH THEMSELVES. And this can be in the form of liquid assets like gold and government securities, not just cash. A lot of banks keep them in government bonds as they give a decent interest. The current SLR ratio of 18.25%, which means that for every Rs.100 deposited in a bank, it has to invest Rs.18.50 in any of the asset classes approved by RBI. A low SLR means higher levels of loans to the private sector. This boosts investment and acts as a positive sentiment for the market. Conversely a high SLR means tighter levels of credit and can cause a negative effect on the market. Essentially, the RBI uses the SLR to control ease of credit in the economy. It also ensures that the banks maintain a certain level of funds to meet depositor’s demands instead of over liquidation. - Bank Rate Bank rate is a rate at which the Reserve Bank of India provides the loan to commercial banks without keeping any security. There is no agreement on repurchase that will be drawn up or agreed upon with no collateral as well. This is different from repo rate as loans taken with repo rate are taken on the basis of securities. Bank rate hence is higher than the repo rate. Currently the bank rate is 4.25%. Since bank rate is essentially a loan interest rate like repo rate, it affects the market in similar ways. - Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR) This is the minimum rate below which the banks are not allowed to lend. Raising this rate, makes loans more expensive, drying up liquidity, affecting the market in a negative way. Similarly, lower MCLR rates will bring in high liquidity, affecting the market in a positive way. MCLR is a varying lending rate instead of a single rate according to the kind of loans. Currently, the MCLR rate is between 6.65% - 7.15% - Marginal Standing facility Marginal Standing Facility is the interest rate at which a depository institution (generally banks) lends or borrows funds with another depository institution in the overnight market. Overnight market is the part of financial market which offers the shortest term loans. These loans have to be repaid the next day. MSF can be used by a bank after it exhausts its eligible security holdings for borrowing under other options like the Liquidity adjustment facilities. The MSF would be a penal rate for banks and the banks can borrow funds by pledging government securities within the limits of the statutory liquidity ratio. The current rate stands at 4.25%. The effect it has on the market is synonymous with the other lending rates such as repo rate & bank rate. - Loan to value ratio The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is an assessment of lending risk that financial institutions and other lenders examine before approving a mortgage. Typically, loan assessments with high LTV ratios are considered higher risk loans. Basically, if a companies preferred form of collateral rises in value and leads the market (growing faster than the market), then the company will see the loans that it signed with higher LTV suddenly reduce (but the interest rate remains the same). Let’s consider an example of gold as a collateral. Consider a loan was approved with gold as collateral. The market price for gold is Rs 2000/g, and for each g, a loan of Rs 1500 was given. (The numbers are simplified for understanding). This would put LTV of the loan at 1500/2000 = 0.75. Since it is a substantial LTV, say the company priced the loan at 20% interest rate. Now the next year, the price of gold rose to Rs 3000/kg. This would mean that the LTV of the current loan has changed to 0.5 but the company is not obligated to change the interest rate. This means that even if the company sees a lot of defaults, it is fairly protected by the unexpected surge in the underlying asset. Moreover, since the underlying asset is more valuable, default rates for the loans goes down as people are more protective of the collateral they have placed. The same scenario for gold is happening right now and is the reason for gold backed loan providers like MUTHOOT to hit ATHs as gold is leading the economy right now. Also, these in these scenarios, it also enables companies to offer additional loan on same gold for those who are interested Instead of keeping the loan amount same most of the gold loan companies. Based on above, we can see that as RBI changes LTV for certain assets, we are in a position to identify potential institutions that could get a good Quarterly result and try to enter it early. Conclusion The above rates contain the ways in the Central Bank manages the monetary policy, growth and inflation in the country. Its impact on Stock market is often seen when these rates are changed, they act as triggers for the intraday positions on that day. But overall, the outlook is always maintained on how the RBI sees the country is doing, and knee jerk reactions are limited to intraday positions. The long term stance is always well within the limits of the outlook the big players in the market are expecting. The important thing to keep in mind is that the problems facing the economy needn’t be uni-dimensional. Problems with inflation, growth, liquidity, currency depreciation all can come together, for which the RBI will have to play a balancing role with all it powers to change these rates and the forex reserve. So the effect on the market needs to be given more thought than simply extrapolated as ‘rates go low, markets go up’. But understanding these individual effects of these rates allows you to start putting together the puzzle of how and where the market and the economy could go. submitted by crackedminds333 to IndianStreetBets [link] [comments] No, the British did not steal $45 trillion from India This is an updated copy of the version on BadHistory. I plan to update it in accordance with the feedback I got. I'd like to thank two people who will remain anonymous for helping me greatly with this post (you know who you are) Three years ago a festschrift for Binay Bhushan Chaudhuri was published by Shubhra Chakrabarti, a history teacher at the University of Delhi and Utsa Patnaik, a Marxist economist who taught at JNU until 2010. One of the essays in the festschirt by Utsa Patnaik was an attempt to quantify the "drain" undergone by India during British Rule. Her conclusion? Britain robbed India of $45 trillion (or £9.2 trillion) during their 200 or so years of rule. This figure was immensely popular, and got republished in several major news outlets (here, here, here, here (they get the number wrong) and more recently here), got a mention from the Minister of External Affairs & returns 29,100 results on Google. There's also plenty of references to it here on Reddit. Patnaik is not the first to calculate such a figure. Angus Maddison thought it was £100 million, Simon Digby said £1 billion, Javier Estaban said £40 million see Roy (2019). The huge range of figures should set off some alarm bells. So how did Patnaik calculate this (shockingly large) figure? Well, even though I don't have access to the festschrift, she conveniently has written an article detailing her methodology here. Let's have a look. How exactly did the British manage to diddle us and drain our wealth’ ? was the question that Basudev Chatterjee (later editor of a volume in the Towards Freedom project) had posed to me 50 years ago when we were fellow-students abroad. This is begging the question. After decades of research I find that using India’s commodity export surplus as the measure and applying an interest rate of 5%, the total drain from 1765 to 1938, compounded up to 2016, comes to £9.2 trillion; since $4.86 exchanged for £1 those days, this sum equals about $45 trillion. This is completely meaningless. To understand why it's meaningless consider India's annual coconut exports. These are almost certainly a surplus but the surplus in trade is countered by the other country buying the product (indeed, by definition, trade surpluses contribute to the GDP of a nation which hardly plays into intuitive conceptualisations of drain). Furthermore, Dewey (2019) critiques the 5% interest rate. She [Patnaik] consistently adopts statistical assumptions (such as compound interest at a rate of 5% per annum over centuries) that exaggerate the magnitude of the drain Moving on: The exact mechanism of drain, or transfers from India to Britain was quite simple. Convenient. Drain theory possessed the political merit of being easily grasped by a nation of peasants. [...] No other idea could arouse people than the thought that they were being taxed so that others in far off lands might live in comfort. [...] It was, therefore, inevitable that the drain theory became the main staple of nationalist political agitation during the Gandhian era. - Chandra et al. (1989) The key factor was Britain’s control over our taxation revenues combined with control over India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its booming commodity export surplus with the world. Simply put, Britain used locally raised rupee tax revenues to pay for its net import of goods, a highly abnormal use of budgetary funds not seen in any sovereign country. The issue with figures like these is they all make certain methodological assumptions that are impossible to prove. From Roy in Frankema et al. (2019): the "drain theory" of Indian poverty cannot be tested with evidence, for several reasons. First, it rests on the counterfactual that any money saved on account of factor payments abroad would translate into domestic investment, which can never be proved. Second, it rests on "the primitive notion that all payments to foreigners are "drain"", that is, on the assumption that these payments did not contribute to domestic national income to the equivalent extent (Kumar 1985, 384; see also Chaudhuri 1968). Again, this cannot be tested. [...] Fourth, while British officers serving India did receive salaries that were many times that of the average income in India, a paper using cross-country data shows that colonies with better paid officers were governed better (Jones 2013). Indeed, drain theory rests on some very weak foundations. This, in of itself, should be enough to dismiss any of the other figures that get thrown out. Nonetheless, I felt it would be a useful exercise to continue exploring Patnaik's take on drain theory. The East India Company from 1765 onwards allocated every year up to one-third of Indian budgetary revenues net of collection costs, to buy a large volume of goods for direct import into Britain, far in excess of that country’s own needs. So what's going on here? Well Roy (2019) explains it better: Colonial India ran an export surplus, which, together with foreign investment, was used to pay for services purchased from Britain. These payments included interest on public debt, salaries, and pensions paid to government offcers who had come from Britain, salaries of managers and engineers, guaranteed profts paid to railway companies, and repatriated business profts. How do we know that any of these payments involved paying too much? The answer is we do not. So what was really happening is the government was paying its workers for services (as well as guaranteeing profits - to promote investment - something the GoI does today Dalal (2019), and promoting business in India), and those workers were remitting some of that money to Britain. This is hardly a drain (unless, of course, Indian diaspora around the world today are "draining" it). In some cases, the remittances would take the form of goods (as described) see Chaudhuri (1983): It is obvious that these debit items were financed through the export surplus on merchandise account, and later, when railway construction started on a large scale in India, through capital import. Until 1833 the East India Company followed a cumbersome method in remitting the annual home charges. This was to purchase export commodities in India out of revenue, which were then shipped to London and the proceeds from their sale handed over to the home treasury. While Roy's earlier point argues better paid officers governed better, it is honestly impossible to say what part of the repatriated export surplus was a drain, and what was not. However calling all of it a drain is definitely misguided. It's worth noting that Patnaik seems to make no attempt to quantify the benefits of the Raj either, Dewey (2019)'s 2nd criticism: she [Patnaik] consistently ignores research that would tend to cut the economic impact of the drain down to size, such as the work on the sources of investment during the industrial revolution (which shows that industrialisation was financed by the ploughed-back profits of industrialists) or the costs of empire school (which stresses the high price of imperial defence) Since tropical goods were highly prized in other cold temperate countries which could never produce them, in effect these free goods represented international purchasing power for Britain which kept a part for its own use and re-exported the balance to other countries in Europe and North America against import of food grains, iron and other goods in which it was deficient. Re-exports necessarily adds value to goods when the goods are processed and when the goods are transported. The country with the largest navy at the time would presumably be in very good stead to do the latter. The British historians Phyllis Deane and WA Cole presented an incorrect estimate of Britain’s 18th-19th century trade volume, by leaving out re-exports completely. I found that by 1800 Britain’s total trade was 62% higher than their estimate, on applying the correct definition of trade including re-exports, that is used by the United Nations and by all other international organisations. While interesting, and certainly expected for such an old book, re-exporting necessarily adds value to goods. When the Crown took over from the Company, from 1861 a clever system was developed under which all of India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its fast-rising commodity export surplus with the world, was intercepted and appropriated by Britain. As before up to a third of India’s rising budgetary revenues was not spent domestically but was set aside as ‘expenditure abroad’. So, what does this mean? Britain appropriated all of India's earnings, and then spent a third of it aboard? Not exactly. She is describing home charges see Roy (2019) again: Some of the expenditures on defense and administration were made in sterling and went out of the country. This payment by the government was known as the Home Charges. For example, interest payment on loans raised to finance construction of railways and irrigation works, pensions paid to retired officers, and purchase of stores, were payments in sterling. [...] almost all money that the government paid abroad corresponded to the purchase of a service from abroad. [...] The balance of payments system that emerged after 1800 was based on standard business principles. India bought something and paid for it. State revenues were used to pay for wages of people hired abroad, pay for interest on loans raised abroad, and repatriation of profits on foreign investments coming into India. These were legitimate market transactions. Indeed, if paying for what you buy is drain, then several billions of us are drained every day. The Secretary of State for India in Council, based in London, invited foreign importers to deposit with him the payment (in gold, sterling and their own currencies) for their net imports from India, and these gold and forex payments disappeared into the yawning maw of the SoS’s account in the Bank of England. It should be noted that India having two heads was beneficial, and encouraged investment per Roy (2019): The fact that the India Office in London managed a part of the monetary system made India creditworthy, stabilized its currency, and encouraged foreign savers to put money into railways and private enterprise in India. Current research on the history of public debt shows that stable and large colonies found it easier to borrow abroad than independent economies because the investors trusted the guarantee of the colonist powers. Against India’s net foreign earnings he issued bills, termed Council bills (CBs), to an equivalent rupee value. The rate (between gold-linked sterling and silver rupee) at which the bills were issued, was carefully adjusted to the last farthing, so that foreigners would never find it more profitable to ship financial gold as payment directly to Indians, compared to using the CB route. Foreign importers then sent the CBs by post or by telegraph to the export houses in India, that via the exchange banks were paid out of the budgeted provision of sums under ‘expenditure abroad’, and the exporters in turn paid the producers (peasants and artisans) from whom they sourced the goods. Sunderland (2013) argues CBs had two main roles (and neither were part of a grand plot to keep gold out of India): Council bills had two roles. They firstly promoted trade by handing the IO some control of the rate of exchange and allowing the exchange banks to remit funds to India and to hedge currency transaction risks. They also enabled the Indian government to transfer cash to England for the payment of its UK commitments. The United Nations (1962) historical data for 1900 to 1960, show that for three decades up to 1928 (and very likely earlier too) India posted the second highest merchandise export surplus in the world, with USA in the first position. Not only were Indians deprived of every bit of the enormous international purchasing power they had earned over 175 years, even its rupee equivalent was not issued to them since not even the colonial government was credited with any part of India’s net gold and forex earnings against which it could issue rupees. The sleight-of-hand employed, namely ‘paying’ producers out of their own taxes, made India’s export surplus unrequited and constituted a tax-financed drain to the metropolis, as had been correctly pointed out by those highly insightful classical writers, Dadabhai Naoroji and RCDutt. It doesn't appear that others appreciate their insight Roy (2019): K. N. Chaudhuri rightly calls such practice ‘confused’ economics ‘coloured by political feelings’. Surplus budgets to effect such heavy tax-financed transfers had a severe employment–reducing and income-deflating effect: mass consumption was squeezed in order to release export goods. Per capita annual foodgrains absorption in British India declined from 210 kg. during the period 1904-09, to 157 kg. during 1937-41, and to only 137 kg by 1946. Dewey (1978) points out reliability issues with Indian agriculutural statistics, however this calorie decline persists to this day. Some of it is attributed to less food being consumed at home Smith (2015), a lower infectious disease burden Duh & Spears (2016) and diversified diets Vankatesh et al. (2016). If even a part of its enormous foreign earnings had been credited to it and not entirely siphoned off, India could have imported modern technology to build up an industrial structure as Japan was doing. This is, unfortunately, impossible to prove. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication that India would've united (this is arguably more plausible than the given counterfactual1). Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been nuked in WW2, much like Japan. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been invaded by lizard people, much like Japan. The list continues eternally. Nevertheless, I will charitably examine the given counterfactual anyway. Did pre-colonial India have industrial potential? The answer is a resounding no. From Gupta (1980): This article starts from the premise that while economic categories - the extent of commodity production, wage labour, monetarisation of the economy, etc - should be the basis for any analysis of the production relations of pre-British India, it is the nature of class struggles arising out of particular class alignments that finally gives the decisive twist to social change. Arguing on this premise, and analysing the available evidence, this article concludes that there was little potential for industrial revolution before the British arrived in India because, whatever might have been the character of economic categories of that period, the class relations had not sufficiently matured to develop productive forces and the required class struggle for a 'revolution' to take place. A view echoed in Raychaudhuri (1983): Yet all of this did not amount to an economic situation comparable to that of western Europe on the eve of the industrial revolution. Her technology - in agriculture as well as manufacturers - had by and large been stagnant for centuries. [...] The weakness of the Indian economy in the mid-eighteenth century, as compared to pre-industrial Europe was not simply a matter of technology and commercial and industrial organization. No scientific or geographical revolution formed part of the eighteenth-century Indian's historical experience. [...] Spontaneous movement towards industrialisation is unlikely in such a situation. So now we've established India did not have industrial potential, was India similar to Japan just before the Meiji era? The answer, yet again, unsurprisingly, is no. Japan's economic situation was not comparable to India's, which allowed for Japan to finance its revolution. From Yasuba (1986): All in all, the Japanese standard of living may not have been much below the English standard of living before industrialization, and both of them may have been considerably higher than the Indian standard of living. We can no longer say that Japan started from a pathetically low economic level and achieved a rapid or even "miraculous" economic growth. Japan's per capita income was almost as high as in Western Europe before industrialization, and it was possible for Japan to produce surplus in the Meiji Period to finance private and public capital formation. The circumstances that led to Meiji Japan were extremely unique. See Tomlinson (1985): Most modern comparisons between India and Japan, written by either Indianists or Japanese specialists, stress instead that industrial growth in Meiji Japan was the product of unique features that were not reproducible elsewhere. [...] it is undoubtably true that Japan's progress to industrialization has been unique and unrepeatable So there you have it. Unsubstantiated statistical assumptions, calling any number you can a drain & assuming a counterfactual for no good reason gets you this $45 trillion number. Hopefully that's enough to bury it in the ground. 1. Several authors have affirmed that Indian identity is a colonial artefact. For example see Rajan 1969: Perhaps the single greatest and most enduring impact of British rule over India is that it created an Indian nation, in the modern political sense. After centuries of rule by different dynasties overparts of the Indian sub-continent, and after about 100 years of British rule, Indians ceased to be merely Bengalis, Maharashtrians,or Tamils, linguistically and culturally. or see Bryant 2000: But then, it would be anachronistic to condemn eighteenth-century Indians, who served the British, as collaborators, when the notion of 'democratic' nationalism or of an Indian 'nation' did not then exist. [...] Indians who fought for them, differed from the Europeans in having a primary attachment to a non-belligerent religion, family and local chief, which was stronger than any identity they might have with a more remote prince or 'nation'. Bibliography Chakrabarti, Shubra & Patnaik, Utsa (2018). Agrarian and other histories: Essays for Binay Bhushan Chaudhuri. Colombia University Press Hickel, Jason (2018). How the British stole $45 trillion from India. The Guardian Bhuyan, Aroonim & Sharma, Krishan (2019). The Great Loot: How the British stole $45 trillion from India. Indiapost Monbiot, George (2020). English Landowners have stolen our rights. It is time to reclaim them. The Guardian Tsjeng, Zing (2020). How Britain Stole $45 trillion from India with trains \| Empires of Dirt. Vice Chaudhury, Dipanjan (2019). British looted $45 trillion from India in today’s value: Jaishankar. The Economic Times Roy, Tirthankar (2019). How British rule changed India's economy: The Paradox of the Raj. Palgrave Macmillan Patnaik, Utsa (2018). How the British impoverished India. Hindustan Times Tuovila, Alicia (2019). Expenditure method. Investopedia Dewey, Clive (2019). Changing the guard: The dissolution of the nationalist–Marxist orthodoxy in the agrarian and agricultural history of India. The Indian Economic & Social History Review Chandra, Bipan et al. (1989). India's Struggle for Independence, 1857-1947. Penguin Books Frankema, Ewout & Booth, Anne (2019). Fiscal Capacity and the Colonial State in Asia and Africa, c. 1850-1960. Cambridge University Press Dalal, Sucheta (2019). IL&FS Controversy: Centre is Paying Up on Sovereign Guarantees to ADB, KfW for Group's Loan. TheWire Chaudhuri, K.N. (1983). X - Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments (1757–1947). Cambridge University Press Sunderland, David (2013). Financing the Raj: The City of London and Colonial India, 1858-1940. Boydell Press Dewey, Clive (1978). Patwari and Chaukidar: Subordinate officials and the reliability of India’s agricultural statistics. Athlone Press Smith, Lisa (2015). The great Indian calorie debate: Explaining rising undernourishment during India’s rapid economic growth. Food Policy Duh, Josephine & Spears, Dean (2016). Health and Hunger: Disease, Energy Needs, and the Indian Calorie Consumption Puzzle. The Economic Journal Vankatesh, P. et al. (2016). Relationship between Food Production and Consumption Diversity in India – Empirical Evidences from Cross Section Analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review Gupta, Shaibal (1980). Potential of Industrial Revolution in Pre-British India. Economic and Political Weekly Raychaudhuri, Tapan (1983). I - The mid-eighteenth-century background. Cambridge University Press Yasuba, Yasukichi (1986). Standard of Living in Japan Before Industrialization: From what Level did Japan Begin? A Comment. The Journal of Economic History Tomblinson, B.R. (1985). Writing History Sideways: Lessons for Indian Economic Historians from Meiji Japan. Cambridge University Press Rajan, M.S. (1969). The Impact of British Rule in India. Journal of Contemporary History Bryant, G.J. (2000). Indigenous Mercenaries in the Service of European Imperialists: The Case of the Sepoys in the Early British Indian Army, 1750-1800. War in History submitted by GaslightEveryone to u/GaslightEveryone [link] [comments] Emerging markets: Premature rally BNP Paribas Since mid-April, financial tensions have been easing in the emerging countries. Bolstered by the very gradual return of portfolio investment, exchange rates have stabilised. Since mid-May, cumulative net inflows of non-resident portfolio investment into bond and equity markets amounted to USD 22 bn (according to data from the Institute for International Finance (IIF) for a selection of 20 emerging countries), compared to cumulative net outflows of USD 100 bn from the end of February to mid-May As a result, the emerging market currencies have regained some of the ground lost in the first 3 to 4 months of the year (+1.6% on average since mid-March, vs. -6% in Q1). Equity prices, in contrast, have erased most of their losses (+17% on average since the end of March, vs. -20% in Q1). Is this normalisation process, which is very advanced in the equity markets, truly justified? cyclical indicators suggest a recovery in H2 2020. Yet the size and diffusion of the recovery remains highly uncertain. For this reason, the rebound in local equity markets seems a bit excessive and even premature. In Brazil, India and Mexico, the pandemic is not under control, and some governments have even imposed new, selective lockdowns. Despite the surge in fiscal deficits, for the moment we have not observed any difficulties in refinancing public debt. Bond yields have been held down through conventional monetary easing (via policy rate cuts, which have been widespread throughout the emerging countries) and/or through quantitative easing (by expanding the ways in which central banks can refinance banks and indirectly companies, or through the monetary financing of fiscal deficits). Yet if the pandemic persists, this financial support will not prevent an upsurge in delinquencies and non-performing loans. Lastly, higher risk premiums on sovereign debt in the local currency increase the attractiveness of carry trades and the inflow of volatile capital at a time when the emerging countries need financial stability even more than usual. For of a selection of 17 emerging countries, the median yield spread between the sovereign bond and a bond with an equivalent maturity in the financing currency (USD, EUR or JPY) remained stable at about 450 basis points (bp) between end-December 2019 and end-June 2020. But this spread must be looked at in terms of foreign exchange volatility to evaluate the profitability of the carry trade. After taking into account the policy rate differential, and thus the possibility of short-term foreign exchange coverage of positions (via the futures market or currency swaps), the median yield spread has nearly tripled, from 80bp to 200bp. For investors ready to take the risk of rolling over very short-term forex hedges, the spread is very attractive. submitted by Altruistic_Camel to econmonitor [link] [comments] Money, Money, Money - Its always about the money! Some economists (but not all economists) believe that the USD and the US economy is losing its integrity and may ultimately collapse. https://www.businessinsider.com.au/dollar-crash-swelling-deficit-deglobalization-stephen-roach-coronavirus-stimulus-recession-2020-6?r=US&IR=T https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-06-14/dollar-crash-how-will-it-unfold https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex-currencies/091416/what-would-it-take-us-dollar-collapse.asp https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/06/upshot/coronavirus-economic-crisis.html https://www.ft.com/content/d5f05b5c-7db8-11ea-8fdb-7ec06edeef84 https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/dollar-crash-swelling-deficit-deglobalization-stephen-roach-coronavirus-stimulus-recession-2020-6-1029312845?op=1 https://medium.com/@baileybarney/will-the-us-dollar-collapse-23e707f19da0 Question: If accurate, what would replace the USD as the global reserve currency? Answer: The IMF is ready with a replacement global reserve currency called SDR's! https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/12/future-of-the-IMF-special-drawing-right-SDR-Ocampo.htm " In this brave new world, is it time to rethink the SDR’s role?" (Ocampo)"The IMF should not pass up this opportunity" (Ocampo) https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/imf-special-drawing-right-global-currency-by-jose-antonio-ocampo-2019-04?barrier=accesspaylog 3.https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.theguardian.com/business/2017/ap24/imf-populism-nationalism-sdr-reserve-currency 4.https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2016/08/01/14/51/Special-Drawing-Right-SDR 5.https://www.theigc.org/project/the-viability-of-the-special-drawing-rights-as-an-international-reserve-asset/ 6.https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.livemint.com/news/india/consensus-remains-elusive-among-g20-countries-on-fresh-sdr-allocation/amp-11595160202040.html 7.https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.ft.com/content/43a67e06-bbeb-4bea-8939-bc29ca785b0e 8.https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/27/business/27imf.html 9.https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/1998/09/24/one-world-one-money 10.https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.cityam.com/world-reserve-currencies-is-the-us-dollars-days-numbered/amp/ 11.https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/09/22/the-dollar-shouldnt-be-the-reserve-currency-but-neither-should-the-renminbi/ Will CBDC's be created at the same time as the SDR's? Will exchange rates of CBDC's be anchored to Quotas? Is the IMF a fund or potentially more like a Central Bank for the World? How did the IMF come about? Central Bank Digital Coins - CBDC's https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2018/11/13/Casting-Light-on-Central-Bank-Digital-Currencies-46233 2.https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/05/13/sp051419-stablecoins-central-bank-digital-currencies-and-cross-border-payments https://www.google.com/amp/s/techwireasia.com/amp/2020/03/central-banks-are-keen-on-digital-currencies-the-imf-is-backing-them/ 3. https://m.economictimes.com/markets/stocks/news/central-banks-wake-up-to-digital-currency-create-new-framework-with-wef/articleshow/73554517.cms 4. https://www.forbes.com/sites/pawelkuskowski/2020/06/07/central-bank-digital-currencies-cbdc-a-crisis-recovery-tool-for-governments/5. https://www.weforum.org/press/2020/01/central-banks-waking-up-to-digital-currency-create-new-framework-for-cbdc-deployment-with-world-economic-forum-177ca5d9ee/6. https://www.theblockcrypto.com/linked/41243/imf-officials-say-synthetic-cbdc-with-a-public-private-partnership-is-the-better-option7. https://blockchain.news/insight/private-firms-can-boost-innovation-of-central-bank-digital-currencysays-imf-8. https://coinidol.com/official-promote-digital-currency/9. https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/top-imf-official-calls-for-synthetic-central-bank-digital-currencies-cbdc-development/10 England:https://www.bloomberg.com/amp/news/articles/2020-07-13/bank-of-england-debating-digital-currency-creation-bailey-says USA:https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonbrett/2020/03/23/new-coronavirus-stimulus-bill-introduces-digital-dollar-and-digital-dollar-wallets/amp/ https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.wsj.com/amp/articles/fed-digital-dollars-are-part-of-debate-over-coronavirus-stimulus-11585085518 Australiahttps://www.businessinsider.com.au/the-rba-has-been-secretly-working-on-an-all-digital-version-of-the-australian-dollar-but-it-may-not-release-it-to-the-public-at-all-2020-1 https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/submissions/payments-system/financial-and-regulatory-technology/ Canadahttps://www.ledgerinsights.com/canada-exploring-consumer-cbdc/ Swedenhttps://www.google.com/amp/s/cointelegraph.com/news/sweden-is-testing-its-new-central-bank-digital-currency/amp Norwayhttps://www.norges-bank.no/en/news-events/news-publications/News-items/2019/2019-06-27-cbdc/ European Unionhttps://www.google.com/amp/s/finance.yahoo.com/amphtml/news/dutch-central-bank-wants-european-191627776.html Singaporehttps://chainbulletin.com/singapore-ready-to-explore-cbdc-together-with-china/amp/ New Zealand:https://investmentnews.co.nz/investment-news/digital-central-bank-money-tipped-for-world-dominance/ Chinahttps://www.ledgerinsights.com/china-central-bank-digital-currency-cbdc-renminbi-dolla SideNote: The World Economic Forum is planning a major event for January of 2021 that will focus on the "Great Reset" and the "4th Industrial Revolution". https://www.weforum.org/great-reset/ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/what-is-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/ Prince Charles wants to reset - Do you? https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/03/pandemic-is-chance-to-reset-global-economy-says-prince-charles What are they gonna reset? TL:DR !. Potential collapse of the US dollar. Replaced by IMF SDR's 3.Complimented by new CBDC's How is this connection the WEF "Great Reset.. Its time to read, learn and share! Edit = Added TL:DR submitted by andrew77mc to conspiracy [link] [comments] ADVICE FOR THE WISE - AUGUST 2020 FROM THE CEO’s DESK Dear Investors, “Behind every dark cloud there is an every-shining sun. Just wait. In time, the cloud will pass.” Marianne Williamson. All inclusive, economies are seeing recuperation with pointers, for example, PMI showing an improvement in spite of infection resurgence in a couple of nations. U.S., Euro, and China manufacturing activities have picked up pace, with July numbers in these three regions crossing 50 mark, indicating expansion. Financial and monetary policies remain exceptionally accommodative, and liquidity remains buoyant, which should provide continued support for further economic recovery. Equity market declines provide opportunities to buy better stocks at lower valuations. We foresee this slowdown and the year 2020 from an investment opportunity viewpoint rather than worrying, as the risk-reward ratio in the current scenario is in favour of equity investments. The current positive outlook on the global markets is well backed by negative real rates, expansion of the central bank balance sheet along with growth recovery and medical progress on COVID-19 While there is a growing increase in the number of COVID cases on the domestic front, there has been an improvement in the recovery rate; in India it is about 68.41 percent while 64.05 percent globally. Early signs of pent-up demand are visible in the economy as indicated by high frequency indicators. Expected normal monsoon and higher sowing of Kharif crops YoY gives us the solace that the rural economy will play a major part in the future economic growth. Other macro factors such as low oil prices and stable currency, high forex reserves and current-account surplus will act as tailwinds for the domestic equity market. Expectations of the Q1 FY21 earnings to bottom out by FY21, while the economy and earnings are expected to normalize by FY23 keeping in mind the current low interest rate scenario and high liquidity, supports valuations. With the declining dollar index and humongous global liquidity we expect the money to flow into EMs. In July, the domestic equity market kept witnessing strong FII inflows coupled with steady SIP flows in mutual funds. Know more - http://www.karvywealth.com/data/sites/1/skins/karvywealth/Download_media_report.aspx?FileName=35269F8C-8C0A-4624-9FED-793AD0998167\|5252655 ^ �]H" submitted by wealthadvisor22 to u/wealthadvisor22 [link] [comments] The World This Week 10th July 2020 – 17th July 2020 Indian Equity Summary- · Sensex ended higher by 1.2 percent as the bullish trend persisted for the fifth consecutive week in the domestic equity market ,on the back ofØ positive global cues and optimism over the development of Covid-19 vaccine .The focus is now turning to Q1FY21 earning season and more importantly for guidance and viewpoints of management. · Going forward, global factors like development on the US -China relationship front , any resurgence of Covid-19 cases globally, as economiesØ have started opening up ; will continue to dictate the trend of the domestic equity market. We expect the trading range for Nifty between 10800-11200 in the near term. Indian Debt Market- · The bond prices fell as the yield on the latest 10-year benchmark 5.79% 2030 paper settled at 5.80% on Jul 17 compared with 5.76% on Jul 10.Ø · Reserve Bank of India announces the auction of three Government of India 91day, 182 day and 364 day Treasury Bills for an aggregate amount ofØ ₹35,000, to be conducted on 22nd July 2020. · State Governments announced to sell securities by way of an auction to be conducted on 21th July 2020, for an aggregate face value of ₹ 9,000 Cr.Ø · We expect that RBI will be in wait and watch mood before taking any major decision of rate cut on the back of recent inflation print.Ø · We expect the 10 year benchmark yield to trade between 5.80-6.05% in near term.Ø Domestic News · India’s retail trade has suffered a business loss of about Rs 15.5 lakh crore in past 100 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic as per theØ Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT). · The Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from the US to India has crossed the $40 billion mark as on year to date, reflecting the growing confidence ofØ American companies in the country. · Forex reserves rose by $3.1 billion on a WoW basis to hit a record high of $516.36 billion for the week ended July 10, according to Reserve BankØ of India (RBI). · According to the latest data released by the Ministry of StatisticsØ & Programme Implementation (MoSPI), India’s retail inflation(CPI) grew to 6.09% in the month of June as against the prior released figure of 5.84 in April for the month of March. International News · Hong Kong's April-June unemployment rises to 6.2%, being the highest in over 15 years.Ø · Japan’s exports plunged 26.2% in June while Imports fell by 14.4% in June on a year on year basis , as per the data released byØ Ministry of Finance (MOF). · Foreign direct investment (FDI) into China fell 1.3% in the first half of this year from a year earlier to 472.18 billion yuan ($67.47Ø billion)as per China’s commerce ministry. · Gross domestic product (GDP) of China rose to 3.2% in the second-quarter from a year earlier as per the National Bureau ofØ Statistics, faster than the 2.5% forecast by analysts in a Reuters poll, with the easing of lockdown measures and ramping up of stimulus by policymakers to combat the virus-led downturn. · US GDP is expected to contract by an annualised rate of 37% in the Q2 2020 and by 6.6%for 2020 as a whole as per theØ International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff. Link - http://www.karvywealth.com/data/sites/1/skins/karvywealth/Download_media_report.aspx?FileName=B98EB615-C7D5-409D-AFF1-05C92C06DBE4\|5234282 vH�X��Py submitted by wealthadvisor22 to u/wealthadvisor22 [link] [comments] Dollar Index and its impact on USDINR movement image courtesy : pixabay Many people in India who are just beginning their career in Currency Derivatives frequently hear about Dollar index. The social media and other platforms full of questions like “What is the Dollar Index?” and how it will impact the Indian currency pairs, especially the USDINR pair. This article will try to explain the US Dollar Index or USDX and its impact on the Indian currency pair. What is the Dollar Index? To put in simple words, it is the value of USD relative to the basket of major currency pairs. The value of the USDX tells the strength of the dollar. The six major currency pairs forming the basket along with weight are : EUR (57.6% ) CHF (Swiss Franc -3.6%) YEN (Japanese yen — 13.6%) CAD (Canadian Dollar -9.1%) GBP(11.9% ) SEK (Swedish Krona — 4.2%) The USDX was created after the Bretton Woods agreement was dissolved in 1973. The base value was taken as 100, and the value of USDX is relative to the base value. The USDX is similar to the other indexes such as stock indices such as S&P 500, Nifty 50, where the weighted average of most valuable stocks is taken to form the stock index. For calculation purpose, the exchange rates of six major currencies are taken with their respective weights in the index. Prior to the establishment of USDX, all the major participating countries settled their balances in USD. The USD could be converted to Gold at $ 35/ounce. This led to the overvaluation of USD and the linked gold prices resulting in the temporary suspension of the gold standard. The countries then were free to choose the exchange rate, which did not depend on the price of the Gold and several countries freely floated their exchange rates. This led to a search for another standard, and thus, the dollar index was born. Highs and lows in dollar index value In 1973 the value of dollar index was set to 100. It reached its peak in 1985 where its value was around 165. In 2008 it hit the low of 70. If the value of the dollar index is above 100, then the dollar has appreciated against the basket of currencies. In contrast, any value below 100 or equivalent to 100 means dollar has depreciated against the basket of currencies. It can also be referred that the dollar is weak below 100 and strong above 100. There are several factors which impact the dollar index. These factors include macroeconomics, deflation/inflation of dollar and other currencies in the basket, etc. Is US Dollar Index Traded? Yes Dollar Index popularly known as USDX or DXY is available for trading on the US and other overseas exchanges, but not in Indian bourses. Is USDX available for Investment? Yes, it is also available indirectly for Investment via ETF and mutual fund routes in the US markets. At the moment, the Indian market doesn’t have any such products for investment purpose. How dollar index impacts USDINR? Indeed weakening and strengthening of dollar impacts USDINR movement. If take into consideration businesses and services where we deal in dollars only then strengthening of dollar increases the Forex reserve value. In contrast, the weakening of the dollar globally reduces the income of all the export-oriented industries. The reverse is true for import oriented industries in the country. If you are a trader, then falling and rising dollar index provides you with the opportunities to trade in the USDINR pairs in both ways. You can either short when the dollar is weakening or go long when the dollar is strengthening. You can also hedge your position in the wake of weakening dollar through options and future trades. Corporate Business houses hedge their risk by hedging against any Dollar appreciation/depreciation based on the index value. But the movement of USDINR pair should not be solely analyzed merely on the movement of the dollar index, and other factors also play a key role in the USDINR movement. Other factors, such as crude oil prices, trade deficit, inflation, etc., should also be considered along with USDX to analyze the movement of USDINR pair. Where to get USDX charts? You can get the USDX charts at in.investing.com USDX charts on NYSE I hope I have explained the dollar index in detail, however any comment, correction and feedback is welcome on the article. submitted by bhaskarndas to u/bhaskarndas [link] [comments] Dollar Index and its impact on USDINR movement image courtesy : pixabay Many people in India who are just beginning their career in Currency Derivatives frequently hear about Dollar index. The social media and other platforms full of questions like “What is the Dollar Index?” and how it will impact the Indian currency pairs, especially the USDINR pair. This article will try to explain the US Dollar Index or USDX and its impact on the Indian currency pair. What is the Dollar Index? To put in simple words, it is the value of USD relative to the basket of major currency pairs. The value of the USDX tells the strength of the dollar. The six major currency pairs forming the basket along with weight are : EUR (57.6% ) CHF (Swiss Franc -3.6%) YEN (Japanese yen — 13.6%) CAD (Canadian Dollar -9.1%) GBP(11.9% ) SEK (Swedish Krona — 4.2%) The USDX was created after the Bretton Woods agreement was dissolved in 1973. The base value was taken as 100, and the value of USDX is relative to the base value. The USDX is similar to the other indexes such as stock indices such as S&P 500, Nifty 50, where the weighted average of most valuable stocks is taken to form the stock index. For calculation purpose, the exchange rates of six major currencies are taken with their respective weights in the index. Prior to the establishment of USDX, all the major participating countries settled their balances in USD. The USD could be converted to Gold at $ 35/ounce. This led to the overvaluation of USD and the linked gold prices resulting in the temporary suspension of the gold standard. The countries then were free to choose the exchange rate, which did not depend on the price of the Gold and several countries freely floated their exchange rates. This led to a search for another standard, and thus, the dollar index was born. Highs and lows in dollar index value In 1973 the value of dollar index was set to 100. It reached its peak in 1985 where its value was around 165. In 2008 it hit the low of 70. If the value of the dollar index is above 100, then the dollar has appreciated against the basket of currencies. In contrast, any value below 100 or equivalent to 100 means dollar has depreciated against the basket of currencies. It can also be referred that the dollar is weak below 100 and strong above 100. There are several factors which impact the dollar index. These factors include macroeconomics, deflation/inflation of dollar and other currencies in the basket, etc. Is US Dollar Index Traded? Yes Dollar Index popularly known as USDX or DXY is available for trading on the US and other overseas exchanges, but not in Indian bourses. Is USDX available for Investment? Yes, it is also available indirectly for Investment via ETF and mutual fund routes in the US markets. At the moment, the Indian market doesn’t have any such products for investment purpose. How dollar index impacts USDINR? Indeed weakening and strengthening of dollar impacts USDINR movement. If take into consideration businesses and services where we deal in dollars only then strengthening of dollar increases the Forex reserve value. In contrast, the weakening of the dollar globally reduces the income of all the export-oriented industries. The reverse is true for import oriented industries in the country. If you are a trader, then falling and rising dollar index provides you with the opportunities to trade in the USDINR pairs in both ways. You can either short when the dollar is weakening or go long when the dollar is strengthening. You can also hedge your position in the wake of weakening dollar through options and future trades. Corporate Business houses hedge their risk by hedging against any Dollar appreciation/depreciation based on the index value. But the movement of USDINR pair should not be solely analyzed merely on the movement of the dollar index, and other factors also play a key role in the USDINR movement. Other factors, such as crude oil prices, trade deficit, inflation, etc., should also be considered along with USDX to analyze the movement of USDINR pair. Where to get USDX charts? You can get the USDX charts at in.investing.com USDX charts on NYSE I hope I have explained the dollar index in detail, however any comment, correction and feedback is welcome on the article. submitted by bhaskarndas to StockMarketIndia [link] [comments] 200 achievements of Modi Govt Fragile five to Fastest growing economy - India 11th largest to the 5th largest economy - India Share of world GDP from 2.43% in 2014 to 3.08% in 2018 Average GDP 7.3% against 6.7% in previous regime Forex reserves from 300 bn USD in 2014 to 420 bn USD in 2018 Doubling of FDI inflow from 36 bn USD in 2014 to 66 billion USD in 2018 Inflation less than 2.3 % (Nov 18) against 10.1% in 2014 Growth of sensex from 24,121.74 in 2014 to 36,395.03 on 12 Feb 19 (50.88%) Fiscal deficit under control Per capita income increased by 45% from Rs 86,647 in 2014 to Rs 1,25,397 IT exemption from 2 lakh in 2014 to 5 lakh (effectively 9.85 lakh with home loan) Restaurant bills tax reduced from 18% in 2014 to 5% Transaction charges through card down from 1% to 0%, domestic money transfer fee down from Rs 5 in 2014 to zero Financial inclusion (32 crore bank accounts with 260 billion worth deposits). Almost 100% coverage from earlier 50% DBT (savings of 83000 crores @ 15000 crore annually), No of govt schemes DBT applied to increased from 34 in 2014 to 433, 2.7 lakh fake mid-day meal students, 3.3 crore fake LPG connections, 87 lakh fake MNREGA job cards, 3 crore fake ration cards eliminated Zero IT for businesses with turnover upto 60 lakhs GST exemplifying cooperative federalism, rates of 83 items down from pre-GST rates, out of 1211 items only 35 items in above 18% slab, 39% reduction of cost of basic household items. Average 1 lk crore monthly revenue through GST collection. Exempted for business upto 40 lk Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, constitution of NCLT, 3 lakh crores of NPAs recovered, 66 cases resolved, 260 cases liquidated, resolution of stressed assets, 2100 companies pay back 83000 crore to banks settling their pending loan repayments 75 billion $ or Yen to Rupee exchange agreement with Japan 1 lakh shell companies deregistered, FCRA licenses of 4800 NGOs cancelled Fugitive Economic Offenders Bill, properties of economic fugitives seized and auctioned 1.9 lakh km of rural roads. Rural road connectivity at 91% from 55% 36 new airports, from 65 in 7 decades to 106, all states now in air connectivity map Effective international diplomacy following 59 visits to nations, 38 single, 10 double, 3 triple and 2 quadruple visits by PM.(Seen during Airstrikes,No Country opposed India) Benami Act for action against Money Laundering Rural sanitation coverage 95 % up from 39% (8.8 crore toilets) Solar energy capacity increased 8 fold from 2.63 GW to 22 GW, 19. 8.5 GW of biogas grid installed. Ganga waterway transportation, usage by shipping giant Maersk, cost of transportation reduced from 10/ton (road) / Rs 6/ton (rail) to Re 1/ton More than 2.4 crore households lit up, rural electricity coverage to households up from 70 to 95%, only 19836 homes remain (in Chhatisgarh) out of 2,48,09,235 Electricity accessibility rank jump from 99 in 2014 to 26 in 2019 7 crore new gas connections to 3.5 crore households u/69000 conections per day, coverage 90% from 55%, 82% return for refill, 42% beneficiaries Dalits 14.4 crore mudra loans worth Rs 7 lakh crore disbursed 18000 remote villages connected with electricity 2.92 lakh km of optical fibre laid, 0.02% to 50% gram Panchayat connectivity Swachh bharat mission has saved, according to WHO, 3 lakh lives and will save 1.5 lakh lives per year. IT filers increase from 3.79 crore to 6.08 crore, enterprises registered for indirect tax up from 64 lk to 118 lakh Entry of India in global regimes Missile Technology Control regime (MTCR), WA (Wassenaar Arrangement) and Australia Group 17 crore soil health cards 1.5 crore houses built, 91.37 crore in rural areas and 13.5 lakh in urban areas against 25 lakh houses built between 2010-2014. House for all target year is 2022. 1,78,346 houses built in NE over existing 2875 houses built till 2014 Home loan interest rate down from 10.3 % in 2014 to 8.4% in 2018, annual savings of Rs 47,160 for 30 lakhs over 30 years, no GST on affordable housing, 5% on remaining Trading agreement in rupee with Iran and UAE Common service centres up from 84k to 3 Lakh OROP implemented after 43 years, 35000 crores disbursed to 8 crore veterans India's vaccination programme Indradhanush amongst 12 best practices of world 5035 Jan Aushadhi and - 1054 medicines under price control (60-90% discounts). More than 150 Amrit stores, reduction of cost of cromium cobalt Knee implant from 1.58-2.5 lakh to 54,720 and high flex implant from Rs181728 to 56490 (69%), 85% reduction in cardiac stent price to Rs 28000 87% reduction in 400 cancer drugs Rate of Interest on higher education loans dropped from 14.75 in 2013 to 10.88% in 2019, savings of 1.18 lakh on 10 lakh loan over tenure of 60 months, Rs 2000 savings on EMI Data revolution: Cost of 1 GB $0.26 in India against $12.37 in US, $6.66 in UK and $75.2 in Zimbabwe. Unlimited mobile+ 45 Gb data = Rs 150 against Rs 1000 in 2013; annual savings of 10,200 Katra rail line work completed after 16 years Dhola Sadiya bridge work completed after 16 years Sardar Sarovar Dam work completed after 15 years Aadhaar act Pakyong airport completed after 10 years Chennai Nashri Tunnel after 10 years Assam NRC after 40 years National War Memorial after 50 years NE cpas after 60 years Kollam bypass after 43 years Indo-Bangladesh enclaves after 42 years Bansagar canal project after 40 years Bogibeel bridge after 23 years Western peri expressway after 15 years Kota Chambal bridge after 11 years Maibang-Lumding Stretch completed Delhi Meerut Expressway completed Ganga Expressway project (world's longest) underway Metros in Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Jaipur, Lucknow, Washermenpet All umanned level crossings eliminated Ayushman Bharat: annual 5 lakh health care to every family, 15.05 lakh hospital admissions for secondary/ tertiary treatment, 2.4 crore e-cards generated as on 10 Mar 19 in 170 days. Target 50 crore people. 59minutes loan portal: 92,000 loan applications of MSME amounting to 30,000 crores approved, 6000 crores sanctioned till Nov 18 87% of farming house (owning land of 2 hctrs) or 12 cr ppl to get kisaan sammaan nidhi of Rs 6000 pr year. Rs 5215 cr transferred directly to 2.6 crore farmers in 37 days (for households with holding less than 0.01 hectares incm per month so far was Rs 8136 agnst exp of 6594 1.5 million electric rickshaws Procurement of 36 Rafale on Government to Government Basis avoiding middlemen 05 billion$ S 400 Triumf air defence missile system deal with Russia 145 M777 howitzer deal 22 Apache AH 64E multi-role combat helos 200 KA-226T helicopters 56 EADS CASA C-295 transport aircraft 15 CH 47 Chinook tactical transport helicopters 2.3 lakh Bullet proof jackets 1.6 lakh Bullet-proof helmets 777 mn USD Barak 8 LRSAM contract 5 bn USD S-400 air defence systems 10 Heron TP armed drones 4 additional P8I MR aircraft 40 units of Laser sensor border fence installed 72,400 Sig Sauer Assault rifles 100 self-propelled K9 Vajra howitzers 700000 AK-103 Kalashnikov assault rifles indigenous facility Surgical strikes in Myanmar, across LoC and in Pakistan. Only Country to bomb a Nuclear Powered Country 240 million visitors at Kumbh Mela 2019, cost 4236 crores @ Rs 177 per tourist, revenue 1.2 Lakh crores 833 teraflop supercomputer Param Shivay by IIT BHU at Rs 32.5 crores Divisional status to Ladakh 470 bed ESIC hospital in Ennore 100 bed ESIC hospital in Tiruppur Namami Gange - Ganga is 30% cleaner, 83 out of 97 ganga towns and 4456 villages achieved ODF status, 08 out of 16 drains emptying 16 crore l sewage into Ganga tapped. Target date Mar 2020 5,45,122 ODF villages, 598 ODF districts, 27 ODF states/ villages RERA implementation Udaan scheme - flight cost down from Rs 5000/1000 km in 2013 to 3400/1000 km in 2018, 34 airports operationalised, small towns connected, all states on aerial Preventive conservation of 39275570 folios, curative conservation of 3656863 filios, digitisation of 2.83 lakh manuscripts consisting of 2.93 crore pages India is now world's largest 2-wheeler manufacturer, 2nd largest smartphone manufacturer (94% of mobiles sold now made in India), 4th largest automaker, 2nd largest steel producer 5100 m Mandvi Bridge in Goa in 3.5 years Ease of doing Business ranking jump from 134 in 2014 to 77 in 2019 Therubali - Singapur Bridge No 588 Restoration of Asurgarh Fort, Kalahandi GeM portal with 731431 product categories, 180,862 registered sellers and 32114 govt buyers 10% EWS reservation 40% of ongoing 700 NH projects completed, adding 40,039 km between 2014-18 against 91,287 km between 1947-2014 Highway construction rate jumped from 12 km/day in 2014 to 27 km/day in 2019 101 terrorists and 11 offenders extradited 90,000 ex-partite Indians evacuated Chabahar port, Sittwe port and Duqm port Military installation in Seychelles International logistics agreements with US, France and Singapore Work underway on 25 MLD ZLD Common Effluent Treatment Plant at Gujarat Eco Textile Park and will save 25 million litres of water per day Beautification of 65 railway stations, all stations fitted with LED lights, wi-fi, multi-brand food centres, kiosks, executive lounges, lifts (445 from 97 in 2014), escalators (603 from 199 in 2014), travellators and ramps Record number of foot over bridges built 871 new train services 180 new rail lines Dedicated railway freight corridor - 2 sections completed 100% electrification of railways underway, first solar powered railway station (Guwahati). First solar powered train (world's second), savings of Rs 40 Lakhs and 90,000 ltrs diesel per year Make in India semi-high-speed trains - Tejas, Gatiman and Vande Bharat Humsafar and Antodaya trains, Deen Dayalu and Anubhuti coaches, UDAY double decker, glass dome Vistadome coaches Project Swarn and Project Utkrisht to upgrade Rajdhani/Shatabdi and Mail/Express respectively Largest coach production in world at ICF, Chennai No more human extreta on railway tracks. Installation of 1.37 lakh out of 2.5 lakh completed in Jun 18. 400 wi-fi railway stations (Aug 18) 80% reduction in rail accidents 10 high speed rail corridors underway, target date 2025-26 Export of world class customised coaches from MCF, Rae Bareli LIC and Air India register profit 2300 km rail tracks constructed, speed jumped from 4.1 km/day in 2014 to 6.53 km/day in 2018 Neem coating of urea Gokul mission - record 160 million ton milk production Online availability of CBSE and NCERT books 10 crore LED bulbs distributed, 5000 crore savings Investment in urban infrastructure jumped from 157703 crores to 795500 crores Statue of Unity to commemorate Iron Man of India Rs 2509 crore sales in Khadi 482.36 million digital transactions worth Rs 74,978 crores in Oct 2018 against 0.3 million transactions worth Rs 90 crores in Nov 2016 30% increase in ATMs, 208% increase of PoS machines from 10.81 lakh in May 14 to 33.32 lakh in Aug 18, 111% increase in credit cards from 1.94 crore in May 14 to 4.10 crore in Aug 18, 144% increase in debit cards from 40.17 crore to 98.02 crore Ease of Doing Business Index 142 (2014) to 100 (2018) Ease of getting electricity index 99 (2014) to 26 (2018) UN's e-govt index 118 (2014) to 97(2018) Globalisation index 112 to 107 (2018) Innovation index 76 to 60 (2018) Competitiveness index 71 to 39 Logistics performance index 54 to 35 Global peace index 141 to 137 DBR ranking 100 to 77 India ranks 3rd in global start up ecosystem 06 crore jobs in MSME sector based on CII data 448 million formal jobs based on EPFO, NPS and PPF data 10 crore jobs in entrepreneurship via mudra and other schemes 80% increase in tax payers, 51.3 % increase in gross tax revenue Black Money report card - Voluntary income declaration scheme (Rs 65250 crore), IT search and survey operations (35,460 crore), Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana(5000 crore), Benami transactions Act (4300 crore), Black Money and Imposition of Tax Act (4100 crore) 160 Rs 6000 financial assiatence for pregnant women 161/1 . Sagarmala: port capacity increase from 8 to 14.7 lakh ton, cargo up from 89 to 116 MMT 8 new national waterways including ganga waterway NW-1 and Brahmaputra waterway NW-2. 161/2. domestic cruise service between Mumbai and Goa, ro-ro services on Ghoga-Dahej reducing travel distance from 294 to 31 km 161/3. New international cruise terminals at Chennai and Goa, railway line between Haridaspur and Paradip underway, LNG import terminal at Kamarajar port, Oil berth ai Jawahar Dweep,Coal berth at Mangalore port 161/4 . deep draft Iron ore berth at Paradip berth, JNPT SEZ, Kandla and Paradip smart industrial port city, largest dry dock and international ship repair facility at CSL, modernisation of 17 fishing harbours 800 km Delhi-Mumbai Expressway underway Replacement of bio-toilets with upgraded vacuum bio toilets in trains underway. Order for 500 placed on experimental basis. No terror strikes in hinterland 103 new KVs 62 new Navodaya Vidyalayas 6 new IITs against 16 in previous 57 years 6 new IIMs against 13 in previous 57 years 7 IIITs against 7 in previous 57 years 02 new IISER 12 new AIIMS against 7 in previous 57 years. 141 new universities against 30 in previous 57 years 01 new NIT Life Insurances @ Rs 12 annual and @ Rs 12 monthly premiums Atal Pension Yojana Pension to 42 crore people of unorganised sector Ambedkar memorial BHIM application for digital payments Khelo India Initiative for tracking of athletes' development, Rs 5 lk per annum scholarship for 1000 budding athletes per year for eight years each; monthly Rs 50000 out-of -pocket exptr, 2000 PETs, salary cap of coaches doubled from Rs 1-2 lk per month, target 15 yrs Special Task Force for Olympics RERA Act Bullet train maiden project 182/1. Rs 6.92 lakh crore Bharatmala project, 44 economic corridors with 9000 km road, 2000 km port connectivity, 9000km roads to connect district HQs with NH, 182/2. 2000 km road with Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, opening up of 185 choke points, road development to char dham, 12 greenfield expressways spanning 1900 km 36 murtis retrieved and brought back to India in 2014-2019 under India Pride Project against 02 between 2000-2013, 02 in 90s, 03 in 80s, 01 in 70s and nil in 50s and 60s Unemployment rate 3.8% against 13.8 % in 2013 India is a less-cash society now Develpment of Trincomalee and Columbo port while checkmating China's Hambantota by taking operations of near by (15 km away) Mattala Rajapaksha International Airport Plugging the 'double taxation avoidance' black money loophole through a new tax agreement with Mauritius Deal with Switzerland for automatic tax data sharing from 01 Jan 2019 189/1 Varanasi - Varanasi ring road phase 1 completed, phase 2 underway, inland waterways terminal, Babatpur airport highway, 140 MLD Dinaput STP, facelift to railway station, big cow shelter for stray cattle, BPO centre, piped gas project, Varanasi-Balia rail project, 189/2. Vande Bharat Express, Kashi Vishwanath temple - Ganga Ghat corridor project, renovation of all bathings ghats, LED illuminations of ghats and major roads, underground electricity cabling, 189/3. new sewage plants, 02 cancer treatment facilities, 65th to 29th rank in swachhata sarvekshan (2016), 90% ODF district. Creation of 100 Smart cities, 100 crore per year per city for 05 years, 500 acres for retrofitting, 50 acres for redevelopment, 250 acres for green field projects, 10% of energy from renewable resources, 80% of green building construction, special purpose vehicles. 191/1 Development of 500 AMRUT cities underway, urbanization project of rejuvenation and transformation which includes beach front development, prevention of beach erosion, improvement of water supply, replacement of pipelines, 191/2. New sewerage connections, greenery and open spaces, digital and smart facilities, e-governance, LED streetlights, public transport, storm water drainage projects in a phased manner, Target date 2022 Increase in Child Sex Ratio (CSR) in 104 BBBP (Beti Bachao Beti Padhao) districts, anti-natal care registration in 119 districts and institutional deliveries in 146 out of total 640 districts as in Mar 18. CSR of Haryana increased from 871 to 914. International Yoga Day Aspirational Districts Programme: 115 'backward' districts placed under 'prabharis' and for competitive development on the basis of 49 performance indicators, target year 2022. 195/1. Make in India: 16.4 lakh crore investment committments, 1.5 lakh crore investment inquiries, 60 bn USD FDI, 26 sectors covered, 23 positions jump in World Bank's Doing Business Report (DBR), 32 places in WEF's Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), 195/2 19 places in Logistics Performance Index, 42 places in Ease of Doing Business index, schemes include Bharatmala, Sagarmala, dedicate freight corridors, industrial corridors, UDAN-RCS, Bharat Broadband Network, Digital India. 251 Passport Seva Kendras (PSKs) and Post Office Passport Seva kendras (POPSKs) against 77 till 2014, target of one PSK every 50 km across India. Unanimous election of Justice Dalveer Bhandari to ICJ forcing UK to pull out own nominee Christopher Greenwood, demonstrating India's clout in international arena. India Post Payments Bank: India's biggest banking outreach with 1.55 lakh post offices (2.5 times banking network) linked to IPPB system Philip Kotler award, Seoul Peace prize, Champion of the Earth Award, Grand Collar of the State of Palestine, Amir Abdulla Khan Award, King Abdulaziz Sash award, Amir Amanullah Khan award. 1900 gifts and memorabilia received by Modi auctioned and 11.7 crores added to Namami Gange fund, 1.4 c of Seoul Peace award also to Nammami Gange. New Adds Removal of article 370 and thereby also 35a after several decades. Giving citizenship to persecuted minorities in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan through passing of CAA. Trust for creation of Ram Mandir underway. Abolishment of Haj subsidy. Abolishment and criminalization of instant triple talak. Deal with Bodo community. Getting Maulana Masood Azhar listed as an UN designated terrorist. Source - https://www.reddit.com/IndiaRWResources/comments/bgkus6/200_achievements_of_modi_govt/ List more achievements in the comment section and lets make the list bigger, a big thank you to our fallen kar sevak u/Alive_Firefighter submitted by justchillar to Chodi [link] [comments] Since I angered some Chads on /r/investing here's why I think China is the next "big short". Fellow idiots, I posted this comment which seems to have angered the highly sophisticated /investing community. I don't mind being downvoted but at least provide some counter arguments if you're going to be a dick. So in the pursuit of truth and tendies for all, I have prepared some juicy due diligence (DD) for WSB Capital on why China is on the verge of collapse. TL;DR at the bottom. Point 1: Defaults in China have been accelerating aggressively, and through July 2019, 274 real estate developers filed for bankruptcy, up 50% over last year. A bonus? Many Chinese state controlled banks have been filing for bankruptcy as well. Just google "china bank defaults" or something similar. Notice how many articles there are from 2019? When the banking system fails, everything else usually fails too. Point 2: The RMB has depreciated significantly. Last time this happened, in 2015-2016, there was a significant outflow of foreign invested capital. According to the IIF, outflows reached $725bn due to the currency depreciation.. This time is different why again? I have heard some arguments why there will be less outflow this time, but I struggle to buy them. Point 3: Despite wanting to operate like a developed economy, China still has not been able to shrug off the middle income trap. Their GDP per capita is comparable to countries we normally associated with being developing/emerging markets. Tangentially related to point 10. Point 4: China is an export-dependent economy, with about 20% of their exports contributing towards their GDP. Less exporting means less GDP, less consumption (because businesses make less money, they pay people less, who in turn spend less), which has a greater effect on GDP than any declines in exports would have at face value. Guess what? Chinese exports dropped 1% in August, and August imports dropped -1%, marking the 5th month this year of negative m/m export growth.. Point 5: Business confidence has been weak in China - declining at a sustained pace worse than in 2015. When businesses feel worse, they spend less, invest less in fixed assets, hire less until they feel better about the future. Which takes me to my next point. Point 6: Fixed asset investment in China has declined 30 percentage points since 2010. While rates are low, confidence is also low, and they are sitting on a record amount of leverage, which means they simply will not be able to afford additional investment. Point 7: They are an extremely levered economy with a total debt to GDP ratio of over 300%, per the IIF, which also accounts for roughly 15% of global total fucking debt. Here's an interview with someone else talking about it too. Point 8: Their central bank recently introduced a metric fuckton of stimulus into their economy. This will encourage more borrowing....add fuel to the fire. Moreover, the stimulus will mechanically likely weaken the RMB even more, which could lead to even more foreign outflows, which are already happening, see next point. Point 9: Fucking LOTS of outflows this year. As of MAY, according to this joint statement, around 40% of US companies are relocating some portion of their supply chains away from mainland. This was in May. Since May, we have seen even more tariffs imposed, why WOULD companies want to stay when exporting to the US is a lot more expensive now? Point 10: Ignoring ALL of the points above, we are in a global synchronized slowdown, with many emerging market central banks cutting rates - by the most in a decade. Investors want safety, and safe-haven denominated assets are where we have seen a lot of flocking into recently. Things that can be considered safe-havens have good liquidity, a relatively stable economy, and a predictable political environment. Would love to hear opposing thoughts if you think China is a good buy. I am not against China, nor any other country for that matter, but I am against losing money (yes, wrong sub etc.), and I can not rationalize why anyone would be putting in a bid. TL;DR: the bubble is right in front of your face, impending doom ahead, short everything, fuck /investing. Edit, since you 'tards keep asking me how to trade this, there are a few trades that come to mind: US treasuries still have room to run (before the autists say that's not yolo enough you could trade OTM calls on UST-linked ETFs, US govvie futures for gainz) Japanese yen Sell SPX companies with big supply chain exposure and heavy cost of capital, buy their competitors without these features. Open up apparel factories in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and sell to the US. Buy soybeans assuming farmers get a bailout from US I am sure there are plenty of China based ETFs which could be played, DYOR. Short any US listed company with mainland China domicile. If shit REALLY hits the fan between US/China, there are levers that US Govt. can pull to fuck them. not investment advice submitted by ComicalEconomical to wallstreetbets [link] [comments] What is the best place to buy USD for a trip? I'm going on a trip to Vietnam next month and I want to buy 200 USD in cash for it. I was gonna buy through Thomas Cook but given recent events, I doubt that's an option. What is the best alternative for me? I'm in Hyderabad. submitted by blazerz to india [link] [comments] Today's Live Currency Exchange Rate Card/ Forex Rates. A currency rate card basically reflects buy or sell rates of various currencies in terms of the home currency. So if you want to check Brithish Pound rate in India in terms of Indian Rupee, you can check the live rates by visiting the currency rate card. Forex reserves up by $3.378 bn to record $545.038 bn. Reuters 25 Sep 2020, 19:00. During the reporting week, the forex kitty rose mainly due to an increase in foreign currency assets (FCA), a major component of the overall reserves. Best Forex Brokers India. To find the best forex brokers in India, we created a list of all brokers that list India as a country they accept new customers from. We then ranked brokers by their Trust Score Ranking. Here is our list of the best forex brokers in India. IG - Best Overall Broker 2020; Swissquote - Best banking services The best thing about Thomas Cook India’s online forex services is that they not only help buy and sell forex but also educate their customers with best information about their currency rates. If you are buying or selling forex for the first time. Thomas Cook India indeed is the best online service. - Sunny Sharma, Mumbai ForexRateIndia – SBI Bank Forex Rates 12-8-2020 – SBI Bank Forex Rate Compare Forex Rate Across All Banks In India State Bank Of India Latest Forex... Read more. Yes Bank Forex Rates 19-6-2020. Yes Bank Forex Rate FXR-June 19, 2020. 0. [index] [1953] [1098] [764] [471] [3987] [501] [1006] [1669] [81] [5349] Exchange rate in INDIA 28-09-2020 Currency rate today ... The forex market is the market in which participants can buy, sell, exchange, and speculate on currencies. ... Foreign exchange rate and its types - Duration: 29:50. commerce with Rashmi 72,249 ... This video by Vinay Agarwal in Hindi is on Basics of FOREX . It is the first video of the series on Foreign Exchange Business. Foreign exchange business in I... In this video, we discussed the Trading Strategy of USD/INR. By using this simple trading technique we will easily earn a very good profit. We will analyse t... The Indian Rupee is the currency of India. Our currency rankings show that the most popular India Rupee exchange rate is the USD to INR rate. The currency co... Forex gain or loss in Tally The unadjusted Forex gain or loss balance will arise due to the exchange rate fluctuations. ... Create a ledger as Forex gain or ...
0.97401	library(ggplot2) african_economicdata <- read.csv("african_crises.csv") Z_ED <- subset(african_economicdata, country == "Zimbabwe") Z_ED2001 <- subset(Z_ED, year > 2000) Z_ED2001$log10_exchange <- log10(Z_ED2001$exch_usd) ggplot(Z_ED2001, aes(Z_ED2001$year,Z_ED2001$log10_exchange)) + geom_line() +geom_point() + xlab("Year") + ylab("Exchange Rate in USD") + theme_minimal() Here is what the result looks like A few things are throwing me off: This happens to be a cross section of two things i never really understood in my bachelors, forex and logarithms From the eye test the curve looks similar to the image from wikipedia, but the y-axis values don't make much sense to me (possibly due logarithms as previously stated). The dataset in Kaggle is light on details and I don't really know how to interpret the exchange rate values. Take 2001 for instance, does 5.510 x 10-25 mean that 1 ZWD is equal to 5.510 x 10-25 USD? The number is so small that it kind of melts my brain. I'm having trouble finding information about the ZWD during this time period, the trends in the wikipedia image for OMIR and the Parallel rate seems to have much fine grain data, looking at the fluctuations between 07-08. Does that mean that the data I'm working with would be the Official data? submitted by CJEntusBlazeIt_420 to econometrics [link] [comments] BEST BANK FOR CURRENT ACCOUNT IN INDIA – READ CAREFULLY https://preview.redd.it/gfzi2wagvyd31.jpg?width=825&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=601921ef69e2cc7f10b0accdbf7983db11b518f7 People who are a unit in business principally they need a accounting. Most of the banks provide differing types of current accounts. you'll be able to target your demand to settle on best banks for accounting. There area unit 2 most typically used accounts – bank account and accounting. Here, apprehend the most effective Bank For accounting In India, the newest list for you. Best Bank for accounting In India – options That Differentiate Overdraft facility More free transactions allowed Moreover, Interest-free account Minimum account balance starts from Rs.10,000 typically Unlimited deposit and withdrawal facility Allows direct payments victimization Doctor of Divinity, cheques and pay orders Must Read: AADHAR LINK TO BANK ACCOUNT- straightforward STEP BY STEP GUIDE Features And advantages Of accounting – Best Bank for accounting In India Zero-interest rate account The facility of draft and unsecured loans Also, Unlimited withdrawals from the house branch Can be operated by public and personal firms, people, proprietors, trusts, NGOs etc. Multiple direct payment facilities like demand drafts, free cheque leaves, pay orders, NEFT, RTGS etc. Types Of accounting – Best accounting In India Standard Current Account: It offers AN draft facility, cheque leaves, debit cards, SMS banking, internet banking, etc. and contains a monthly average balance demand. Single Column money Book: It permits transactions however doesn’t provide options like AN draft facility. It records daily transactions underneath separate credit and debit columns. Packaged Current Account: It offers packaged options like travel insurance and medical support. Premium Current Account: It offers premium offers, services and advantages with tailor- made options for its high-end customers. Foreign Currency Accounts: it's for businesses or people that need vast foreign currency transactions to be administrated often. Must Read: tax REFUND standing – ELIGIBILITY, PROCEDURE, ONLINE Which Type Of accounting Is appropriate For You? Basic current accounts area unit dealing accounts with zero interest rates and high minimum balance account needs. But, banks currently provide a spread of Current Accounts designed to fulfill completely different client needs. Examples like low or naught minimum balance account, draft facility, higher transactional capabilities and a relationship manager. you've got to match this account options to pick out the most effective banks for current accounts. Here is that the List Of ten Best Bank For accounting In India State Bank Of India SBI provides unlimited daily transactions with their services. It additionally offers draft facility that comes with a credit limit. Probably, SBI is that the best accounting for tiny business in India. Features And advantages Low account maintenance charges The convenience of straightforward money pickup facilities and money handling Free monthly statement Ease of SMS alerts Nomination facility offered Fastest Safest & Securest company net Banking SBI internet banking is incredibly straightforward to use HDFC Bank HDFC Bank offers a bunch of options on its current accounts. The freed from charges feature from it’s a home branch on money withdrawals, RTGS and NEFT payments and collections. Features And advantages Avail on non-cash services High dealing amounts Easy net banking ICICI Bank ICICI bank targets its customer’s needs into thought. Also, it offers special privileges, tailor-made offerings, free services and better free limits for daily transactions Features And advantages Unlimited transactions Free RTGS and NEFT transactions Free mobile alerts Also, an infatuated relationship manager user-friendly ICICI internet Banking Axis Bank Axis bank provides varied options to their customers. Also, there's AN choice of free money deposit up to Rs. two lakhs during a month reception branch and in non-home branch free money withdrawal up to Rs. 1 lakh. Features And advantages 500 cheque leaves free per month Free money deposit up to Rs. two lakhs during a month Minimum balance demand is Rs. 10,000 easy Axis internet banking Bank Of Baroda There area unit differing types of accounting offered in Bank of Baroda. Further, they provide money withdrawals in line with their customer’s needs. Features And advantages Based on the conception of PAY AS you employ 5 Non-ADC transactions area unit free per month Unlimited issue of cheque books Auto sweep / Reverse sweep feature offered Kotak Mahindra bank They focus to supply their best to their customers by their current accounts. Services, like retreating funds and issuance cheques area unit one amongst the most effective from this bank and it's one amongst the most effective banks for current accounts. Features And advantages Faster out-station cheque assortment Better Forex rates and economical trade services Cash management services Also, free cheque payments and assortment Free NEFT and RTGS through Kotak internet Banking HSBC Bank HSBC offers current accounts to its customers to fulfill their desires. Further, these accounts go together with several added advantages and options. Features And advantages No monthly account fee Exclusive access to offers and discounts Dedicated relationship manager Available draft service, subject to standing Yes bank It is a invasive public sector bank. affirmative bank provides many tailor-made accounting banking product to people yet as businesses. Features And advantages Free demand drafts across India Flexibility to extend the dealing limit Also, free cheque payments and collections and free money deposits Multi-city cheque books area unit provided Union Bank Union bank offers unlimited transactions to their customers. Its accounting comes with varied advantages and options, therefore their customers don’t face any downside. Features And advantages Unlimited payments Overdraft facility Upcountry cheque assortment facility Also, nomination facility IndusInd Bank The IndusInd bank has AN array of current accounts for giant company, businesses, importers and exporters and for niche industries. Therefore, one amongst the foremost vital advantages is that the shoppers will simply avail the draft facility. Features And advantages No limits on withdrawals Provides AN draft facility Also, Mobile banking and net banking facilities Must Read: ten BEST BANKS for private LOAN IN India Summary – Best accounting In India Therefore we tend to here mentioned a number of the most effective banks for current accounts in India. So, Current accounts have their own advantages. If you are doing daily transactions with the bank and wish some further options than a accounting is healthier than saving account. currently the most issue comes here after you got to opt for a bank within which you're progressing to open AN account. Moreover, opt for the netbanking facility. therefore opt for rigorously the most effective accounting during a bank that suits your needs. submitted by moneyinvestor3 to u/moneyinvestor3 [link] [comments] Ripple (XRP) Analysis (quite thorough) NOTE: I did not write this article below. I simply copy and pasted the article. Please click the following link to view the entire article. The article includes charts and images which were not transferred to the text below. https://steemit.com/cryptocurrency/@lennartbedrage/the-ripple-xrp-effect-fundamental-analysis The Ripple(XRP) Effect - Fundamental Analysis: lennartbedrage44 in cryptocurrency ripple.jpg Lately, there’s been a tremendous amount of buzz around Ripple(XRP), but is it only because of the massive growth we’ve seen in the past few 30 days, or is there something more? In this article, I’ll dive into a brief back ground of Ripple, objectively examine the arguments for and against it, explore its potential from a economic standpoint, then close with potential threats to your investment and a summary. Meet Ripple(XRP)- Released in 2012, Ripple aims to enable “secure, instant and nearly free global financial transactions of any size with no chargebacks” through their real-time gross settlement system (RTGS) and currency exchange and remittance network. Ripples distributed open-source internet protocol consensus ledger was created as basic technology for interbank and regulated financial institutions to integrate Ripple into their own systems. This differs from the Bitcoin full node and other crowdsourced altcoin consensus networks in several ways: Ripples common shared ledger is a network of independent validating servers which compare their transaction records, rather than the full network of nodes coming to consensus prior to each transaction, enabling faster transaction speeds. Although their protocol is open source, it was not created as a plug & play solution, like bitcoins full-node software, nor does it rely on crowd-sourced support. Unlike Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and other Alt-coins, Ripple is recognized as legal tender by several governments, which gives it instant liquidity via financial institution, as well as purchasing power over material goods. Because of this, it cannot be evaluated in the same ways as other coins, which are largely evaluated based on assumptions & speculation. In terms of value, it’s more like cash than a commodity. Because of this, it is evaluated in a much different way than Ethereum(ETH) and other alt-coins with intrinsic value, but is accepted much more rapidly because it’s easy for the mass-market to understand. Remember: without market acceptance, there is not value, regardless of how innovative something may be. Just 4 short years after its release, on 01MAY17, Ripple announced that a consortium of 47 banks have successfully completed a pilot implementation of Ripple in Japan, making it the first country in the world to enable domestic and international real time money transfers via the cryptocurrency. This event lead the XRP value to sky-rocket from $0.051580 USD to an all-time high of $0.430085 in just 16 days… but why? Is it 100% speculation, or is there something else going on here? “It’s not a real cryptocurrency!” Or is it? Well, those whom bring this argument to the table are probably referencing facts that I’ve mention during my introduction to Ripple: Its a centralized and regulated crypto-currency which does not need global consensus for transfers, and it is built specifically for (and potentially by) financial institutions. Though a lot of the Anarcho-Capitalists may want to steer clear of this one due to its highly regulated nature, regular capitalist may believe these core differences to be its greatest strengths: Regulated - As I mentioned in my analysis on Ethereum(ETH), Bitcoin’s lack of regulation was likely he reason (or at least, that’s what they told us) that the proposed ETF failed to pass the SEC’s evaluation several months ago. If adhering to some sort of trusted regulatory standards, this could drive federal confidence, which in turn drive bank and lending institution faith…trickling all the way down to the consumers. This insures rapid mass market acceptance. Consensus - As mentioned before this is much different process than Bitcoin’s global consensus, which means that transaction times are nearly instant regardless of volume transferred. Additionally, all transfers adhere to distributive ledgers DLT standards, which is a requirement for many financial institutions to be insurable. Institutional Management - You’ve probably guessed this one already. Although the demand and speculative value is driven at some capacity by ‘the people’, this currency is about as close to the World bank and SWIFT as you can get. This is largely due to the amount Deliberate - It feels like a big bank, because it is. Ripple was built specifically for the financial markets, which is why they specifically targeted regulatory compliance. shutterstock_289877267_long_read_cover_large.jpg Economic Value As mentioned in the last point, Its easy to see that Ripple offers tremendous value to financial-institutions and retail investors. These two groups make up 358 billion (numbers from 2013) non-cash cross-country annual transactions, and the FOREX market which sees more than $5.1 trillion $USD each day. Per a report released by Capgemini and The Royal Bank of Scotland, this is growing at an average rate of about 7.5% each year globally, though China and other Emerging Asian economies have been leading the charge at around 21%. Seems like a lot, right? Well, for sake of uncovering the immediate value of XRP, we will zoom into the recent adopters of the distributed ledger technology: Japan, India, and the Central Europe, Middle East & Africa(CEMEA) regions. Japan.jpg Japan is the third largest economy in the world by nominal GDP ($6.11 trillion), fourth by purchasing power parity(PPP) and second largest developed economy. Currently, their GDP per capita is roughly $48,412 (vs $56,430 in US) and their major trade partners include the US, China, Hong Kong, Australia and South Korea. Japan GDP.png Aside from the speculation that they maybe soon pressure their trade partners (excluding the US and China) to adopt a system which allows for instant, near free transfers of funds, here’s where it gets interesting for the immediate future: Japan has already started accepting Ripple(XRP) as legal tender. If Ripple raises to just 25% of the overall transaction volume of P2P, P2B & B2B within Japan itself (represented in the chart by Other Services, Real Estate, Retail, Transport, Communications, Finance & Utilities) which is equal to about 20% of their overall economy, Ripple would be handling roughly $1.27 trillion USD in Japan – alone - every year. To put that in perspective, the current (at the time of writing) market capitalization of Bitcoin(BTC) is $30.7 billion USD (or >0.4%). Unlike Bitcoin, Ripple is legal tender which means that it can be exchanged for material goods and services, which means that it’s likely to have explosive acceptance in the local area. India.jpg India-based Axis Bank announced in April that they will soon begin leveraging distributed ledger tech for cross-border transactions and to make banking simple and convenient for their customers. About 15 days’ prior, another large financial institution, Yes Bank, also announced that they would be adopting Ripples ledger for the same reasons. If Ripple continues to grow in acceptance at this rate in India, we could see another economy, roughly 1/3 the size of Japan’s ($2.074 trillion USD) add to Ripples annual transaction value. Now, from an economic stand point, this is most interesting because agriculture represents more than 50% of India’s employment, which means that India would be the 2nd case of consumer trading Ripple for staple foods. India GDP.png It is likely that Ripple will not handle as large of a percentage of overall transaction volumes in India because only two major banks have adopted this currency and it is not the only Crypto. The latter is probably one of the most important variables, as this means that Ripple will be duking it out for market dominancy. As all of my projections are fairly conservative, I would estimate that Ripple will handle roughly 10% of India’s over all transaction volume in the next 365 days, equal to roughly $311.1 billion USD. One last thing that I would like to mention is that India is literally the ‘I’ in BRIC and roughly 13% of the BRIC countries total output. If the BRIC comes to fruition, India may be able to convince it’s other close trade partners to jump on the XRP-Train as well. Dubai.jpg Abu Dhabi Bank, the National and largest bank of the UAE, has already begun offering cross-border transaction services with Ripples distributive ledger technology as well. As they deal extensively with their middle eastern neighbors, such as Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, the UAE is likely to set a trend for other CEMEA countries to follow. UAE GDP.png This might be a surprise to some people, but Dubai’s largest industry is the energy sector (shocker!) followed closely by Real Estate and their Finance industry (double shocker!). Although their GPD is much smaller than Japan and India’s (about $370 billion USD), I am anticipating Ripple to handle a larger percent of the UAE’s transaction volume (31.11%), especially in the finance, Real Estate, Retail and Logistics industries. This is due largely to the fact that their population is only roughly 9.157 million, but most Abu Dhabi nationals are very financially inclined (or at least heavy spenders). Potential Threats As this threatens SWIFT (unless they are completely on board) and the US dollars’ supremacy in the economic & financial markets, I would not be surprised to see a false flag attack, in which the NSA attacks Ripple and blames it on North Korea or China. Frankly, this would be a cake walk compared to Stuxnet or WannaCry and they could probably hand the task to an MIT intern. Where semi-centralization is Ripples strength in terms of transaction speed and regulation, it is also the biggest security flaw and may open it’s user to some heart ache, hair loss and heavy drinking over the next several years. Possibility So, what is possible in terms of value over the next few years? Well, if we consider the following scenario: XRP accounts for roughly 20% of Japan, India full GDP, but 31.1% UAE’s GDP ($7.152 Trillion USD) total exchange volume in the next 2 years Max XRP Supply stays at 100 billion No other countries adopt XRP (not likely) No hacks or other catastrophic events remove confidence Exclude speculation, demand, rallies, and GDP growth projections for each country Then we’re looking at each Ripple(XRP) market capitalization over ~$1.75 Trillion USD, making each coin $17.52 in real value. This means that if you were to invest today at $0.362794, your ROI would be about 4,989%. That said, I think that it’s likely it will go over $30 in the next 2 years, due to speculators flooding the markets and other countries signing up. Again, these are conservative numbers are based on total transaction value in USD equivalent. For those whom subscribe, I will update as new variables are available to my appraisal Bottom Line Although it was most definitely created by an insider of the banking industry and does not ‘feel like a crypto’, I personally feel that due to its rapid market acceptance, liquidity and position as legal tender in 3 large economies, Ripple(XRP) is both primed for explosive growth in the near future and likely to be one of the safest value based Crypto-investments we can make today. Another thing, China is the anchor of the West Pacific, so we should all watch their evaluation of Ripple, very closely. If they were to jump on the XRP-Train, you are likely to see Australia, South Korea, Indonesia and Singapore do the same. If you enjoyed this article, be sure to share & subscribe, as I have kept my proprietary models and will update as major events and additional countries begin to adopt this currency. If you feel that I have missed something or am just flat out wrong, please be sure to let me know in the comments below! Planned articles for the next 14 days: ICO advice from a Venture Capitalist (Follower Request) Paper Wallets (Follower Request) VIVA Analysis (Follower Request) Segregated Witness(Segwit) : Friend or Foe? A Kraken ate my gains... Fundamental Analysis: Stellar Lumens(XLM) Dual-Citizenship and Banking in Panama Rich vs. Wealthy All analysis, numbers and projections are my own. Core information was gathered from reliable sources, such as the World Bank, IMF, CIA world fact book, eia.gov and more. submitted by ripcurldog to Ripple [link] [comments] Know Why Forex Cards Are Safer Than Foreign Money How to carry funds while travelling abroad is a common question asked by travellers! You can read articles comparing Forex card, Cash, Traveller’s Cheque, Credit and Debit card, that provide enough understanding on how currency works on an international trip. Some explain in detail with respect to the cost and some with reference to convenience. But again, however you look at it, a Forex Card is the most convenient and safest way to carry money. Planning an international trip involves finding the best airline tickets, hotel bookings and places to visit and see. So, a little heed to the benefits of prepaid forex card or multi-currency card may offer much food for thought. Here are a few reasons why a Forex Card is the most inexpensive way to carry money while travelling abroad. https://preview.redd.it/ewdyjesxx9m21.png?width=1400&format=png&auto=webp&s=e7147f1c0a036acae811044267bfcfc7061a35f5 Forex Cards offer better exchange rates while loading currencies on your account than buying foreign currency as cash. Providing Forex Cards is the most economical option for banks. By default, Forex Cards are loaded with foreign currency at locked-in exchange rates. Thus making it a safe option during fluctuation of currency value in the forex market. If you add 2000 USD in your Forex Card, the value in it will still remain 2000 USD regardless of any inconsistency in INR-USD currency exchange rate. Forex cards are enabled with a chip and pin technology to safeguard the money in them. If in case a Forex Card is stolen or lost, it can be blocked at once and the balance in it will be frozen. And once the original is blocked, the secondary Forex Card can be activated and the frozen funds will be transferred to it. Forex Cards can be used to carry multiple foreign currencies at the same time, anywhere across the globe. For example, banks such as Axis, issue Forex Cards that allow you to load up to 16 mainstream currencies such. If you want know more Reasons Why Forex Cards are Safer than Cash, visit source blog. Source: https://yourexpertguide.wordpress.com/2019/03/14/5-reasons-why-forex-cards-are-safer-than-cash/ submitted by travelmoneyindia to u/travelmoneyindia [link] [comments] Axis Forex Online foreign exchange rates. Axis Bank has a section on its Axis Forex Online website where you can select a foreign currency from a drop-down list that shows all possible currencies for its international money transfers. You can also to see the conversion rate in Indian rupees. The rates displayed above for money transfers are applicable for the remittances being received/sent through SWIFT. Please refer to the websites of Remit Money and Axis Forex Online for the exchange rates applicable for transactions undertaken on those websites. Forex Services by Axis Bank. We offer a variety of Foreign Exchange Services in India like Currency and Travel cards, Currency Cash, Remittance and more! ... Axis Bank offers seamless , convenient money transfers from your country to any Axis Bank Account at competitive exchange rates. ... Cover arranged by Axis Bank for its customers under ... Existing Axis Bank customers as well as those having no relationship with the bank can purchase the cards from any of the bank branches located across India by submitting the required documents. To have a better understanding about the types of Forex Cards offered by the bank let’s have a look at the card, their features and benefits. Competitive rates on loading/reloading in AED (Applicable only for new Forex Cards) Exclusive offers in Dubai (Applicable for all Axis Bank VISA Forex Card holders) Wild Wadi Waterpark Visa Offer-AED 99 per person on Sundays only. You can use Wild Wadi online tickets within 14 days. [index] [736] [5448] [5356] [2349] [2250] [4549] [3827] [4757] [1501] [697] Enjoy exciting cashback on Axis Bank Multi-Currency Forex Card Andhra Bank TEJ Mobile App ... Top5 Bank FD Scheme offering highest interest rates in India in 2017 - Duration: ... Axis Forex Card, Foreign currency Cash, ... how to prepare ledger account of Foreign exchange fluctuation account etc. A short and informative lecture to aid Commerce, 11th,12th, B.Com, BMS, BFM BAF and M.com. students. From :- The Axis Bank Multi-currency Forex Card comes with exciting offers and cashback. It is the perfect choice for your international trips! Drop-in at your nearest Axis Bank and get this card for ... The Cloud system Signal Indicator is a Non Repainting Indictaor . With a more than 95%. Accuracy . Kindly use this indicator with a stoploss or trailing stop for better results and be on the safer ... # # # # # In this video, we are explaining about New Fixed deposit rates in Government banks Contact us at- [email protected] Top Videos For You New Fixed Deposit Rates in 2020 - https ...
0.999726	You've probably been hearing a lot about Bitcoin recently and are wondering what's the big deal? Most of your questions should be answered by the resources below but if you have additional questions feel free to ask them in the comments. The following videos are a good starting point for understanding how bitcoin works and a little about its long term potential: Video 1: What Is Bitcoin & Why Should You Care? Video 2: The real value of bitcoin and crypto currency technology Video 3: Bitcoin Is Independent Money Video 4: Bitcoin 101 - Balaji Srinivasan For some more great introductory videos check out Andreas Antonopoulos's YouTube playlists, he is probably the best bitcoin educator out there today. Also have to give mention to James D'Angelo's Bitcoin 101 Blackboard series. Lots of additional video resources can be found at the videos wiki page or /BitcoinTV. Key properties of bitcoin Limited Supply - There will only ever be 21,000,000 bitcoins created and they are issued in a predictable fashion, you can view the inflation schedule here. Once they are all issued Bitcoin will be truly deflationary. The halving countdown can be found here. Open source - Bitcoin code is fully auditable. You can read the source code yourself here. Accountable - The public ledger is transparent, all transactions are seen by everyone. Decentralized - Bitcoin is globally distributed across thousands of nodes with no single point of failure and as such can't be shut down similar to how Bittorrent works. Censorship resistant - No one can prevent you from interacting with the bitcoin network and no one can censor, alter or block transactions that they disagree with, see Operation Chokepoint. Push system - There are no chargebacks in bitcoin because only the person who owns the address where the bitcoins reside has the authority to move them. Low fee - Transactions fees can vary between a few cents and a few dollars depending on network demand and how much priority you wish to assign to the transaction. Most wallets calculate the fee automatically but you can view current fees here. Borderless - No country can stop it from going in/out, even in areas currently unserved by traditional banking as the ledger is globally distributed. Trustless - Bitcoin solved the Byzantine's Generals Problem which means nobody needs to trust anybody for it to work. Pseudonymous - No need to expose personal information when purchasing with cash or transacting. Secure - Encrypted cryptographically and can’t be brute forced or confiscated with proper key management such as hardware wallets. Programmable - Individual units of bitcoin can be programmed to transfer based on certain criteria being met Nearly instant - From a few seconds to a few minutes depending on need for confirmations. After a few confirmations transactions are irreversible. Peer-to-peer - No intermediaries with a cut, no need for trusted third parties. Portable - Bitcoins are digital so they are easier to move than cash or gold. They can even be transported by simply remembering a string of words for wallet recovery. Scalable - Each bitcoin is divisible down to 8 decimals allowing it to grow in value while still accommodating micro-transactions. Designed Money - Bitcoin was created to fit all the fundamental properties of money better than gold or fiat Some excellent writing on Bitcoin's value proposition and future can be found here. Bitcoin statistics can be found here, here and here. Developer resources can be found here and here. Peer-reviewed research papers can be found here. The number of times Bitcoin was declared dead by the media can be found here. Scaling resources here, and of course the whitepaper that started it all. Where can I buy bitcoins? BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com and Howtobuybitcoin.io are helpful sites for beginners. You can buy or sell any amount of bitcoin and there are several easy methods to purchase bitcoin with cash, credit card or bank transfer. Some of the more popular resources are below, also, check out the bitcoinity exchange resources for a larger list of options for purchases. Bank Transfer Credit / Debit card Cash Coinbase Coinbase LocalBitcoins Gemini Bitstamp LibertyX GDAX Bitit Mycelium LocalTrader Bitstamp Cex.io BitQuick Kraken CoinMama WallofCoins Xapo BitcoinOTC Cex.io itBit Bitit Bitsquare Here is a listing of local ATMs. If you would like your paycheck automatically converted to bitcoin use Cashila or Bitwage. Note: Bitcoins are valued at whatever market price people are willing to pay for them in balancing act of supply vs demand. Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Preev is a useful site that that shows how much various denominations of bitcoin are worth in different currencies. Alternatively you can just Google "1 bitcoin in (your local currency)". Securing your bitcoins With bitcoin you can "Be your own bank" and personally secure your bitcoins OR you can use third party companies aka "Bitcoin banks" which will hold the bitcoins for you. If you prefer to "Be your own bank" and have direct control over your coins without having to use a trusted third party, there are many software wallet options here. If you want easy and secure storage without having to learn computer security best practices, then a hardware wallet such as the Trezor or Ledger is recommended. A more advanced option is to secure them yourself using paper wallets generated offline. Some popular mobile and desktop options are listed below and most are cross platform. Android iOs Desktop Mycelium BreadWallet Electrum CoPay AirBitz Armory If you prefer to let third party "Bitcoin banks" manage your coins, try Coinbase or Xapo but be aware you may not be in control of your private keys in which case you would have to ask permission to access your funds and be exposed to third party risk. Another interesting use case for physical storage/transfer is the Opendime. Opendime is a small USB stick that allows you to spend Bitcoin by physically passing it along so it's anonymous and tangible like cash. Note: For increased security, use Two Factor Authentication (2FA) everywhere it is offered, including email! 2FA requires a second confirmation code to access your account, usually from a text message or app, making it much harder for thieves to gain access. Google Authenticator and Authy are the two most popular 2FA services, download links are below. Make sure you create backups of your 2FA codes. Google Auth Authy Android Android iOS iOS Where can I spend bitcoins? A more comprehensive list can be found at the Trade FAQ but some more commons ones are below. Store Product Gyft Gift cards for hundreds of retailers including Amazon, Target, Walmart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, CVS, Lowes, Home Depot, iTunes, Best Buy, Sears, Kohls, eBay, GameStop, etc. Steam, HumbleBundle, Games Planet, itch.io, g2g and kinguin For when you need to get your game on Microsoft Xbox games, phone apps and software Spendabit, The Bitcoin Shop, Overstock, DuoSearch, The Bitcoin Directory and BazaarBay Retail shopping with millions of results ShakePay Generate one time use Visa cards in seconds NewEgg and Dell For all your electronics needs Cashila, Bitwa.la, Coinbills, Piixpay, Bitbill.eu, Bylls, Coins.ph, Bitrefill, Pey.de, LivingRoomofSatoshi, Hyphen.to, Coinsfer, GetPaidinBitcoin, Coins.co.th, More #1, #2 Bill payment Foodler, Menufy, Takeaway, Thuisbezorgd NL, Pizza For Coins Takeout delivered to your door! Expedia, Cheapair, Lot, Destinia, BTCTrip, Abitsky, SkyTours, Fluege the Travel category on Gyft and 9flats For when you need to get away BoltVM, BitHost VPS service Cryptostorm, Mullvad, and PIA VPN services Namecheap, Porkbun For new domain name registration Stampnik and GetUSPS Discounted USPS Priority, Express, First-Class mail postage Reddit Gold Premium membership which can be gifted to others Coinmap, 99Bitcoins and AirBitz are helpful to find local businesses accepting bitcoins. A good resource for UK residents is at wheretospendbitcoins.co.uk. There are also lots of charities which accept bitcoin donations, such as Wikipedia, Red Cross, Amnesty International, United Way, ACLU and the EFF. You can find a longer list here. Merchant Resources There are several benefits to accepting bitcoin as a payment option if you are a merchant; 1-3% savings over credit cards or PayPal. No chargebacks (final settlement in 10 minutes as opposed to 3+ months). Accept business from a global customer base. Increased privacy. Convert 100% of the sale to the currency of your choice for deposit to your account, or choose to keep a percentage of the sale in bitcoin if you wish to begin accumulating it. If you are interested in accepting bitcoin as a payment method, there are several options available; BTCPay Coinbase Coinify Snapcard GoCoin Mycelium Gear (direct to your wallet) Blockonomics (direct to your wallet) Bitaps Stripe Can I mine bitcoin? Mining bitcoins can be a fun learning experience, but be aware that you will most likely operate at a loss. Newcomers are often advised to stay away from mining unless they are only interested in it as a hobby similar to folding at home. If you want to learn more about mining you can read more here. Still have mining questions? The crew at /BitcoinMining would be happy to help you out. If you want to contribute to the bitcoin network by hosting the blockchain and propagating transactions you can run a full node using this setup guide. Bitseed is an easy option for getting set up. You can view the global node distribution here. Earning bitcoins Just like any other form of money, you can also earn bitcoins by being paid to do a job. Site Description WorkingForBitcoins, Bitwage, XBTfreelancer, Cryptogrind, Bitlancerr, Coinality, Bitgigs, /Jobs4Bitcoins, Rein Project Freelancing OpenBazaar, Purse.io, Bitify, /Bitmarket, 21 Market Marketplaces Watchmybit, Streamium.io, OTika.tv, XOtika.tv NSFW, /GirlsGoneBitcoin NSFW Video Streaming Bitasker, BitforTip, WillPayCoin Tasks Supload.com, SatoshiBox, JoyStream, File Army File/Image Sharing CoinAd, A-ads, Coinzilla.io Advertising You can also earn bitcoins by participating as a market maker on JoinMarket by allowing users to perform CoinJoin transactions with your bitcoins for a small fee (requires you to already have some bitcoins) Bitcoin Projects The following is a short list of ongoing projects that might be worth taking a look at if you are interested in current development in the bitcoin space. Project Description Lightning Network, Amiko Pay, and Strawpay Payment channels for network scaling Blockstream and Drivechain Sidechains 21, Inc. Open source library for the machine payable web ShapeShift.io Trade between bitcoins and altcoins easily Open Transactions, Counterparty, Omni, Open Assets, Symbiont and Chain Financial asset platforms Hivemind and Augur Prediction markets Mirror Smart contracts Mediachain Decentralized media library Tierion and Factom Records & Titles on the blockchain BitMarkets, DropZone, Beaver and Open Bazaar Decentralized markets Samourai and Dark Wallet - abandoned Privacy-enhancing wallets JoinMarket CoinJoin implementation (Increase privacy and/or Earn interest on bitcoin holdings) Coinffeine and Bitsquare Decentralized bitcoin exchanges Keybase and Bitrated Identity & Reputation management Bitmesh and Telehash Mesh networking JoyStream BitTorrent client with paid seeding MORPHiS Decentralized, encrypted internet Storj and Sia Decentralized file storage Streamium and Faradam Pay in real time for on-demand services Abra Global P2P money transmitter network bitSIM PIN secure hardware token between SIM & Phone Identifi Decentralized address book w/ ratings system Coinometrics Institutional-level Bitcoin Data & Research Blocktrail and BitGo Multisig bitcoin API Bitcore Open source Bitcoin javascript library Insight Open source blockchain API Leet Kill your friends and take their money ;) Bitcoin Units One Bitcoin is quite large (hundreds of £/$/€) so people often deal in smaller units. The most common subunits are listed below: Unit Symbol Value Info millibitcoin mBTC 1,000 per bitcoin SI unit for milli i.e. millilitre (mL) or millimetre (mm) microbitcoin μBTC 1,000,000 per bitcoin SI unit for micro i.e microlitre (μL) or micrometre (μm) bit bit 1,000,000 per bitcoin Colloquial "slang" term for microbitcoin satoshi sat 100,000,000 per bitcoin Smallest unit in bitcoin, named after the inventor For example, assuming an arbitrary exchange rate of $500 for one Bitcoin, a $10 meal would equal: 0.02 BTC 20 mBTC 20,000 bits For more information check out the Bitcoin units wiki. Still have questions? Feel free to ask in the comments below or stick around for our weekly Mentor Monday thread. If you decide to post a question in /Bitcoin, please use the search bar to see if it has been answered before, and remember to follow the community rules outlined on the sidebar to receive a better response. The mods are busy helping manage our community so please do not message them unless you notice problems with the functionality of the subreddit. A complete list of bitcoin related subreddits can be found here Note: This is a community created FAQ. If you notice anything missing from the FAQ or that requires clarification you can edit it here and it will be included in the next revision pending approval. Welcome to the Bitcoin community and the new decentralized economy! submitted by BinaryResult to Bitcoin [link] [comments] /r/Bitcoin FAQ - Newcomers please read Welcome to the /Bitcoin Sticky FAQ You've probably been hearing a lot about Bitcoin recently and are wondering what's the big deal? Most of your questions should be answered by the resources below but if you have additional questions feel free to ask them in the comments. Some great introductions for new users are My first bitcoin, Bitcoin explained and ELI5 Bitcoin. Also, the following videos are a good starting point for understanding how bitcoin works and a little about its long term potential: Video 1: What Is Bitcoin & Why Should You Care? Video 2: The real value of bitcoin and crypto currency technology Video 3: Introduction to Bitcoin - Andreas Antonopoulos Video 4: Bitcoin 101 - Balaji Srinivasan Also have to give mention to Lopp.net, the Princeton crypto series and James D'Angelo's Bitcoin 101 Blackboard series. Some excellent writing on Bitcoin's value proposition and future can be found at the Satoshi Nakamoto Institute. Bitcoin statistics can be found here, here and here. Developer resources can be found here, here and here. Peer-reviewed research papers can be found here. Potential upcoming protocol improvements here. Scaling resources here. The number of times Bitcoin was declared dead by the media can be found here (LOL!), and of course Satoshi Nakamoto's whitepaper that started it all! :) Key properties of bitcoin Limited Supply - There will only ever be 21,000,000 bitcoins created and they are issued in a predictable fashion, you can view the inflation schedule here. Once they are all issued Bitcoin will be truly deflationary. The halving countdown can be found here. Open source - Bitcoin code is fully auditable. You can read the source code yourself here. Accountable - The public ledger is transparent, all transactions are seen by everyone. Decentralized - Bitcoin is globally distributed across thousands of nodes with no single point of failure and as such can't be shut down similar to how Bittorrent works. Censorship resistant - No one can prevent you from interacting with the bitcoin network and no one can censor, alter or block transactions that they disagree with, see Operation Chokepoint. Push system - There are no chargebacks in bitcoin because only the person who owns the address where the bitcoins reside has the authority to move them. Low fee scaling - On chain transaction fees depend on network demand and how much priority you wish to assign to the transaction. Most wallets calculate on chain fees automatically but you can view current fees here. On chain fees have risen recently due to network demand however instant micropayments are on the way via the Lightning Network, a second layer scaling solution currently rolling out on the Bitcoin mainnet. You can even run a node on a Raspberry Pi :) Borderless - No country can stop it from going in/out, even in areas currently unserved by traditional banking as the ledger is globally distributed. Trustless - Bitcoin solved the Byzantine's Generals Problem which means nobody needs to trust anybody for it to work. Pseudonymous - No need to expose personal information when purchasing with cash or transacting. Secure - Encrypted cryptographically and can’t be brute forced or confiscated with proper key management such as hardware wallets. Programmable - Individual units of bitcoin can be programmed to transfer based on certain criteria being met Nearly instant - From a few seconds to a few minutes depending on need for confirmations. After a few confirmations transactions are irreversible. Peer-to-peer - No intermediaries with a cut, no need for trusted third parties. Portable - Bitcoins are digital so they are easier to move than cash or gold. They can even be transported by simply remembering a string of words for wallet recovery. Scalable - Each bitcoin is divisible down to 8 decimals allowing it to grow in value while still accommodating micro-transactions. Designed Money - Bitcoin was created to fit all the fundamental properties of money better than gold or fiat Where can I buy bitcoins? Bitcoin.org, BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com and Howtobuybitcoin.io are helpful sites for beginners. You can buy or sell any amount of bitcoin and there are several easy methods to purchase bitcoin with cash, credit card or bank transfer. Some of the more popular resources are below, also, check out the bitcoinity exchange resources for a larger list of options for purchases. Bank Transfer Credit / Debit card Cash Gemini Bitstamp LocalBitcoins Bitstamp Bitit Mycelium LocalTrader BitFinex Cex.io LibertyX Cex.io CoinMama WallofCoins Xapo Spectrocoin BitcoinOTC Kraken Luno BitQuick itBit HitBTC Bitit Bisq (decentralized) Luno Spectrocoin Here is a listing of local ATMs. If you would like your paycheck automatically converted to bitcoin use Bitwage. Note: Bitcoins are valued at whatever market price people are willing to pay for them in balancing act of supply vs demand. Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Preev is a useful site that that shows how much various denominations of bitcoin are worth in different currencies. Alternatively you can just Google "1 bitcoin in (your local currency)". Securing your bitcoins With bitcoin you can "Be your own bank" and personally secure your bitcoins OR you can use third party companies aka "Bitcoin banks" which will hold the bitcoins for you. If you prefer to "Be your own bank" and have direct control over your coins without having to use a trusted third party, there are many software wallet options here. If you want easy and secure storage without having to learn computer security best practices, then a hardware wallet such as the Trezor or Ledger is recommended. A more advanced option is to secure them yourself using paper wallets generated offline. Some popular mobile and desktop wallet options are listed below and most are cross platform. Android iOs Desktop Samouari BreadWallet Electrum Another interesting use case for physical storage/transfer is the Opendime. Opendime is a small USB stick that allows you to spend Bitcoin by physically passing it along so it's anonymous and tangible like cash. If you prefer to let third party "Bitcoin banks" manage your coins, try Gemini but be aware you may not be in control of your private keys in which case you would have to ask permission to access your funds and be exposed to third party risk. Note: For increased security, use Two Factor Authentication (2FA) everywhere it is offered, including email! 2FA requires a second confirmation code to access your account, usually from a text message or app, making it much harder for thieves to gain access. Google Authenticator and Authy are the two most popular 2FA services, download links are below. Make sure you create backups of your 2FA codes. Google Auth Authy Android Android iOS iOS Where can I spend bitcoins? Check out spendabit or bitcoin directory for some good options, some of the more commons ones are listed below. Store Product Gyft Gift cards for hundreds of retailers including Amazon, Target, Walmart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, CVS, Lowes, Home Depot, iTunes, Best Buy, Sears, Kohls, eBay, GameStop, etc. Steam, HumbleBundle, Games Planet, itch.io, g2g and kinguin For when you need to get your game on Microsoft Xbox games, phone apps and software Spendabit, Overstock, The Bitcoin Directory and BazaarBay Retail shopping with millions of results ShakePay Generate one time use Visa cards in seconds NewEgg and Dell For all your electronics needs Bitwa.la, Coinbills, Piixpay, Bitbill.eu, Bylls, Coins.ph, Bitrefill, LivingRoomofSatoshi, Hyphen.to, Coinsfer, More #1, #2 Bill payment Menufy, Takeaway, Thuisbezorgd NL, Pizza For Coins Takeout delivered to your door! Expedia, Cheapair, Lot, Destinia, BTCTrip, Abitsky, SkyTours, Fluege the Travel category on Gyft and 9flats For when you need to get away BitHost VPS service Cryptostorm, Mullvad, and PIA VPN services Namecheap, Porkbun For new domain name registration Stampnik Discounted USPS Priority, Express, First-Class mail postage Reddit Gold Premium membership which can be gifted to others Coinmap and AirBitz are helpful to find local businesses accepting bitcoins. A good resource for UK residents is at wheretospendbitcoins.co.uk. There are also lots of charities which accept bitcoin donations, such as Wikipedia, United Way, ACLU and the EFF. You can find a longer list here. Merchant Resources There are several benefits to accepting bitcoin as a payment option if you are a merchant; 1-3% savings over credit cards or PayPal. No chargebacks (final settlement in 10 minutes as opposed to 3+ months). Accept business from a global customer base. Increased privacy. Convert 100% of the sale to the currency of your choice for deposit to your account, or choose to keep a percentage of the sale in bitcoin if you wish to begin accumulating it. If you are interested in accepting bitcoin as a payment method, there are several options available; BTCPay Square cash Stripe Coinify Wyre GoCoin Bitaps Mycelium Gear (direct to your wallet) Blockonomics (direct to your wallet) Can I mine bitcoin? Mining bitcoins can be a fun learning experience, but be aware that you will most likely operate at a loss. Newcomers are often advised to stay away from mining unless they are only interested in it as a hobby similar to folding at home. If you want to learn more about mining you can read more here. Still have mining questions? The crew at /BitcoinMining would be happy to help you out. If you want to contribute to the bitcoin network by hosting the blockchain and propagating transactions you can run a full node using this setup guide. Bitseed is an easy option for getting set up. You can view the global node distribution here. Earning bitcoins Just like any other form of money, you can also earn bitcoins by being paid to do a job. Site Description WorkingForBitcoins, Bitwage, XBTfreelancer, Cryptogrind, Bitlancerr, Coinality, Bitgigs, /Jobs4Bitcoins, Rein Project Freelancing OpenBazaar, Purse.io, Bitify, /Bitmarket, 21 Market Marketplaces Streamium.io, XOtika.tv NSFW, /GirlsGoneBitcoin NSFW Video Streaming Bitasker, BitforTip Tasks Supload.com, SatoshiBox, JoyStream, File Army File/Image Sharing CoinAd, A-ads, Coinzilla.io Advertising You can also earn bitcoins by participating as a market maker on JoinMarket by allowing users to perform CoinJoin transactions with your bitcoins for a small fee (requires you to already have some bitcoins) Bitcoin Projects The following is a short list of ongoing projects that might be worth taking a look at if you are interested in current development in the bitcoin space. Project Description Lightning Network, Amiko Pay, and Strawpay Payment channels for network scaling Blockstream, Rootstock and Drivechain Sidechains 21, Inc. Open source library for the machine payable web ShapeShift.io Trade between bitcoins and altcoins easily Open Transactions, Counterparty, Omni, Open Assets, Symbiont and Chain Financial asset platforms Hivemind and Augur Prediction markets Mediachain Decentralized media library Tierion and Factom Records & Titles on the blockchain BitMarkets, DropZone, Beaver and Open Bazaar Decentralized markets Samourai and Dark Wallet - abandoned Privacy-enhancing wallets JoinMarket CoinJoin implementation (Increase privacy and/or Earn interest on bitcoin holdings) Coinffeine and Bisq Decentralized bitcoin exchanges Keybase and Bitrated Identity & Reputation management Telehash Mesh networking JoyStream BitTorrent client with paid seeding MORPHiS Decentralized, encrypted internet Storj and Sia Decentralized file storage Streamium Pay in real time for on-demand services Abra Global P2P money transmitter network bitSIM PIN secure hardware token between SIM & Phone Identifi Decentralized address book w/ ratings system BitGo Multisig bitcoin API Bitcore Open source Bitcoin javascript library Insight Open source blockchain API Leet Kill your friends and take their money ;) Bitcoin Units One Bitcoin is quite large (hundreds of £/$/€) so people often deal in smaller units. The most common subunits are listed below: Unit Symbol Value Info millibitcoin mBTC 1,000 per bitcoin SI unit for milli i.e. millilitre (mL) or millimetre (mm) microbitcoin μBTC 1,000,000 per bitcoin SI unit for micro i.e microlitre (μL) or micrometre (μm) bit bit 1,000,000 per bitcoin Colloquial "slang" term for microbitcoin satoshi sat 100,000,000 per bitcoin Smallest unit in bitcoin, named after the inventor For example, assuming an arbitrary exchange rate of $10000 for one Bitcoin, a $10 meal would equal: 0.001 BTC 1 mBTC 1,000 bits For more information check out the Bitcoin units wiki. Still have questions? Feel free to ask in the comments below or stick around for our weekly Mentor Monday thread. If you decide to post a question in /Bitcoin, please use the search bar to see if it has been answered before, and remember to follow the community rules outlined on the sidebar to receive a better response. The mods are busy helping manage our community so please do not message them unless you notice problems with the functionality of the subreddit. A complete list of bitcoin related subreddits can be found here Note: This is a community created FAQ. If you notice anything missing from the FAQ or that requires clarification you can edit it here and it will be included in the next revision pending approval. Welcome to the Bitcoin community and the new decentralized economy! submitted by BinaryResult to Bitcoin [link] [comments] /r/Bitcoin FAQ - Newcomers please read Welcome to the /Bitcoin Sticky FAQ You've probably been hearing a lot about Bitcoin recently and are wondering what's the big deal? Most of your questions should be answered by the resources below but if you have additional questions feel free to ask them in the comments. The following videos are a good starting point for understanding how bitcoin works and a little about its long term potential: Video 1: What Is Bitcoin & Why Should You Care? Video 2: The real value of bitcoin and crypto currency technology Video 3: Bitcoin Is Independent Money Video 4: Bitcoin 101 - Balaji Srinivasan For lots of additional video resources check out the videos wiki page or /BitcoinTV. Key properties of bitcoin Limited Supply - There will only ever be 21,000,000 bitcoins created and they are issued in a predictable fashion, you can view the inflation schedule here. Once they are all issued Bitcoin will be truly deflationary. Open source - Bitcoin code is fully auditable. You can read the source code yourself here. Accountable - The public ledger is transparent, all transactions are seen by everyone. Decentralized - Bitcoin is globally distributed across thousands of nodes with no single point of failure and as such can't be shut down similar to how Bittorrent works. Censorship resistant - No one can prevent you from interacting with the bitcoin network and no one can censor, alter or block transactions that they disagree with, see Operation Chokepoint. Push system - There are no chargebacks in bitcoin because only the person who owns the address where the bitcoins reside has the authority to move them. Low fee - Transactions fees can vary between a few cents and a few dollars depending on network demand and how much priority you wish to assign to the transaction. Most wallets calculate the fee automatically but you can view current fees here. Borderless - No country can stop it from going in/out, even in areas currently unserved by traditional banking as the ledger is globally distributed. Trustless - Bitcoin solved the Byzantine's Generals Problem which means nobody needs to trust anybody for it to work. Pseudonymous - No need to expose personal information when purchasing with cash or transacting. Secure - Encrypted cryptographically and can’t be brute forced or confiscated with proper key management such as hardware wallets. Programmable - Individual units of bitcoin can be programmed to transfer based on certain criteria being met Nearly instant - From a few seconds to a few minutes depending on need for confirmations. After a few confirmations transactions are irreversible. Peer-to-peer - No intermediaries with a cut, no need for trusted third parties. Portable - Bitcoins are digital so they are easier to move than cash or gold. They can even be transported by simply remembering a string of words for wallet recovery. Scalable - Each bitcoin is divisible down to 8 decimals allowing it to grow in value while still accommodating micro-transactions. Designed Money - Bitcoin was created to fit all the fundamental properties of money better than gold or fiat Some excellent writing on Bitcoin's value proposition and future can be found here. Bitcoin statistics can be found here and here. Developer resources can be found here and here. Peer-reviewed research papers can be found here. The number of times Bitcoin was declared dead by the media can be found here. Scaling resources here, and of course the whitepaper that started it all. Where can I buy bitcoins? BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com is a very helpful site for beginners. You can buy or sell any amount of bitcoin and there are several easy methods to purchase bitcoin with cash, credit card or bank transfer. Some of the more popular resources are below, also, check out the bitcoinity exchange resources for a larger list of options for purchases. Bank Transfer Credit / Debit card Cash Coinbase Coinbase LocalBitcoins Gemini Bitstamp LibertyX GDAX Bitit Mycelium LocalTrader Bitstamp Cex.io BitQuick Kraken CoinMama WallofCoins Xapo BitcoinOTC Cex.io itBit Bitit Bitsquare Here is a listing of local ATMs. If you would like your paycheck automatically converted to bitcoin use Cashila or Bitwage. Note: Bitcoins are valued at whatever market price people are willing to pay for them in balancing act of supply vs demand. Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Preev is a useful site that that shows how much various denominations of bitcoin are worth in different currencies. Alternatively you can just Google "1 bitcoin in (your local currency)". Securing your bitcoins With bitcoin you can "Be your own bank" and personally secure your bitcoins OR you can use third party companies aka "Bitcoin banks" which will hold the bitcoins for you. If you prefer to "Be your own bank" and have direct control over your coins without having to use a trusted third party, there are many software wallet options here. If you want easy and secure storage without having to learn computer security best practices, then a hardware wallet such as the Trezor or Ledger is recommended. A more advanced option is to secure them yourself using paper wallets generated offline. Some popular mobile and desktop options are listed below and most are cross platform. Android iOs Desktop Mycelium BreadWallet Electrum CoPay AirBitz Armory If you prefer to let third party "Bitcoin banks" manage your coins, try Coinbase or Xapo but be aware you may not be in control of your private keys in which case you would have to ask permission to access your funds and be exposed to third party risk. Note: For increased security, use Two Factor Authentication (2FA) everywhere it is offered, including email! 2FA requires a second confirmation code to access your account, usually from a text message or app, making it much harder for thieves to gain access. Google Authenticator and Authy are the two most popular 2FA services, download links are below. Make sure you create backups of your 2FA codes. Google Auth Authy Android Android iOS iOS Where can I spend bitcoins? A more comprehensive list can be found at the Trade FAQ but some more commons ones are below. Store Product Gyft Gift cards for hundreds of retailers including Amazon, Target, Walmart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, CVS, Lowes, Home Depot, iTunes, Best Buy, Sears, Kohls, eBay, GameStop, etc. Steam, HumbleBundle, GreenmanGaming, and Coinplay.io For when you need to get your game on Microsoft Xbox games, phone apps and software Spendabit, The Bitcoin Shop, Overstock, Rakuten, DuoSearch, The Bitcoin Directory and BazaarBay Retail shopping with millions of results ShakePay Generate one time use Visa cards in seconds NewEgg, TigerDirect and Dell For all your electronics needs Cashila, Bitwa.la, Coinbills, Piixpay, Bitbill.eu, Bylls, Coins.ph, Bitrefill, Pey.de, LivingRoomofSatoshi, Hyphen.to, Coinsfer, GetPaidinBitcoin, Coins.co.th, More #1, #2 Bill payment Foodler, Takeaway, Thuisbezorgd NL, Pizza For Coins Takeout delivered to your door! Expedia, Cheapair, Lot, Destinia, BTCTrip, Abitsky, SkyTours, Fluege the Travel category on Gyft and 9flats For when you need to get away BoltVM, BitHost VPS service Cryptostorm, Mullvad, and PIA VPN services Namecheap For new domain name registration Stampnik and GetUSPS Discounted USPS Priority, Express, First-Class mail postage Reddit Gold Premium membership which can be gifted to others Coinmap, 99Bitcoins and AirBitz are helpful to find local businesses accepting bitcoins. A good resource for UK residents is at wheretospendbitcoins.co.uk. There are also lots of charities which accept bitcoin donations, such as Wikipedia, Red Cross, Amnesty International, United Way, ACLU and the EFF. You can find a longer list here. Merchant Resources There are several benefits to accepting bitcoin as a payment option if you are a merchant; 1-3% savings over credit cards or PayPal. No chargebacks (final settlement in 10 minutes as opposed to 3+ months). Accept business from a global customer base. Increased privacy. Convert 100% of the sale to the currency of your choice for deposit to your account, or choose to keep a percentage of the sale in bitcoin if you wish to begin accumulating it. If you are interested in accepting bitcoin as a payment method, there are several options available; Bitpay Coinbase Coinify Snapcard GoCoin Mycelium Gear (direct to your wallet) Blockonomics (direct to your wallet) Bitaps Can I mine bitcoin? Mining bitcoins can be a fun learning experience, but be aware that you will most likely operate at a loss. Newcomers are often advised to stay away from mining unless they are only interested in it as a hobby similar to folding at home. If you want to learn more about mining you can read more here. Still have mining questions? The crew at /BitcoinMining would be happy to help you out. If you want to contribute to the bitcoin network by hosting the blockchain and propagating transactions you can run a full node using this setup guide. Bitseed is an easy option for getting set up. You can view the global node distribution here. Earning bitcoins Just like any other form of money, you can also earn bitcoins by being paid to do a job. Site Description Bitwage, XBTfreelancer, Cryptogrind, Bitlancerr, Coinality, Bitgigs, /Jobs4Bitcoins, Rein Project Freelancing OpenBazaar, Purse.io, Bitify, /Bitmarket, 21 Market Marketplaces Watchmybit, Streamium.io, OTika.tv, XOtika.tv NSFW, /GirlsGoneBitcoin NSFW Video Streaming Bitasker, BitforTip, WillPayCoin Tasks Supload.com, SatoshiBox, JoyStream, File Army File/Image Sharing CoinAd, A-ads, Coinzilla.io Advertising You can also earn bitcoins by participating as a market maker on JoinMarket by allowing users to perform CoinJoin transactions with your bitcoins for a small fee (requires you to already have some bitcoins) Bitcoin Projects The following is a short list of ongoing projects that might be worth taking a look at if you are interested in current development in the bitcoin space. Project Description Lightning Network, Amiko Pay, and Strawpay Payment channels for network scaling Blockstream and Drivechain Sidechains 21, Inc. Open source library for the machine payable web ShapeShift.io Trade between bitcoins and altcoins easily Open Transactions, Counterparty, Omni, Open Assets, Symbiont and Chain Financial asset platforms Hivemind and Augur Prediction markets Mirror Smart contracts Mediachain Decentralized media library Tierion and Factom Records & Titles on the blockchain BitMarkets, DropZone, Beaver and Open Bazaar Decentralized markets Samourai and Dark Wallet - abandoned Privacy-enhancing wallets JoinMarket CoinJoin implementation (Increase privacy and/or Earn interest on bitcoin holdings) Coinffeine and Bitsquare Decentralized bitcoin exchanges Keybase and Bitrated Identity & Reputation management Bitmesh and Telehash Mesh networking JoyStream BitTorrent client with paid seeding MORPHiS Decentralized, encrypted internet Storj and Sia Decentralized file storage Streamium and Faradam Pay in real time for on-demand services Abra Global P2P money transmitter network bitSIM PIN secure hardware token between SIM & Phone Identifi Decentralized address book w/ ratings system Coinometrics Institutional-level Bitcoin Data & Research Blocktrail and BitGo Multisig bitcoin API Bitcore Open source Bitcoin javascript library Insight Open source blockchain API Leet Kill your friends and take their money ;) Bitcoin Units One Bitcoin is quite large (hundreds of £/$/€) so people often deal in smaller units. The most common subunits are listed below: Unit Symbol Value Info millibitcoin mBTC 1,000 per bitcoin SI unit for milli i.e. millilitre (mL) or millimetre (mm) microbitcoin μBTC 1,000,000 per bitcoin SI unit for micro i.e microlitre (μL) or micrometre (μm) bit bit 1,000,000 per bitcoin Colloquial "slang" term for microbitcoin satoshi sat 100,000,000 per bitcoin Smallest unit in bitcoin, named after the inventor For example, assuming an arbitrary exchange rate of $500 for one Bitcoin, a $10 meal would equal: 0.02 BTC 20 mBTC 20,000 bits For more information check out the Bitcoin units wiki. Still have questions? Feel free to ask in the comments below or stick around for our weekly Mentor Monday thread. If you decide to post a question in /Bitcoin, please use the search bar to see if it has been answered before, and remember to follow the community rules outlined on the sidebar to receive a better response. The mods are busy helping manage our community so please do not message them unless you notice problems with the functionality of the subreddit. A complete list of bitcoin related subreddits can be found here Note: This is a community created FAQ. If you notice anything missing from the FAQ or that requires clarification you can edit it here and it will be included in the next revision pending approval. Welcome to the Bitcoin community and the new decentralized economy! submitted by BinaryResult to Bitcoin [link] [comments] /r/Bitcoin FAQ - Newcomers please read Welcome to the /Bitcoin Sticky FAQ You've probably been hearing a lot about Bitcoin recently and are wondering what's the big deal? Most of your questions should be answered by the resources below but if you have additional questions feel free to ask them in the comments. The following videos are a good starting point for understanding how bitcoin works and a little about its long term potential: Video 1: What Is Bitcoin & Why Should You Care? Video 2: The real value of bitcoin and crypto currency technology Video 3: Bitcoin Is Independent Money Video 4: Bitcoin 101 - Balaji Srinivasan For lots of additional video resources check out the videos wiki page or /BitcoinTV. Key properties of bitcoin Limited Supply - There will only ever be 21,000,000 bitcoins created and they are issued in a predictable fashion, you can view the inflation schedule here. Once they are all issued Bitcoin will be truly deflationary. Open source - Bitcoin code is fully auditable. You can read the source code yourself here. Accountable - The public ledger is transparent, all transactions are seen by everyone. Decentralized - Bitcoin is globally distributed across thousands of nodes with no single point of failure and as such can't be shut down similar to how Bittorrent works. Censorship resistant - No one can prevent you from interacting with the bitcoin network and no one can censor, alter or block transactions that they disagree with, see Operation Chokepoint. Push system - There are no chargebacks in bitcoin because only the person who owns the address where the bitcoins reside has the authority to move them. Low fee - Transactions cost a few cents, most wallets calculate this automatically but you can view current fees here. Borderless - No country can stop it from going in/out, even in areas currently unserved by traditional banking as the ledger is globally distributed. Trustless - Bitcoin solved the Byzantine's Generals Problem which means nobody needs to trust anybody for it to work. Pseudonymous - No need to expose personal information when purchasing with cash or transacting. Secure - Encrypted cryptographically and can’t be confiscated with proper key management such as hardware wallets. Nearly instant - From a few seconds to a few minutes depending on need for confirmations. Peer-to-peer - No intermediaries with a cut, no need for trusted third parties. Portable - Bitcoins are digital so they are easier to move than cash or gold. They can even be transported by simply remembering a string of words for wallet recovery. Scalable - Each bitcoin is divisible down to 8 decimals allowing it to grow in value while still accommodating micro-transactions. Designed Money - Bitcoin was created to fit all the fundamental properties of money better than gold or fiat Some excellent writing on Bitcoin's value proposition and future can be found here. Bitcoin statistics can be found here and here. Developer resources can be found here and here. Peer-reviewed research papers can be found here. Scaling resources here, and of course the whitepaper that started it all. Where can I buy bitcoins? BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com is a very helpful site for beginners. You can buy or sell any amount of bitcoin and there are several easy methods to purchase bitcoin with cash, credit card or bank transfer. Some of the more popular resources are below, also, check out the bitcoinity exchange resources for a larger list of options for purchases. Bank Transfer / Credit card Cash Coinbase LocalBitcoins Gemini LibertyX GDAX Mycelium LocalTrader Poloniex BitQuick Bitstamp WallofCoins Kraken BitcoinOTC Xapo SnapCard Cex.io itBit Bitit Bitsquare Here is a listing of local ATMs. If you would like your paycheck automatically converted to bitcoin use Cashila or Bitwage. Note: Bitcoins are valued at whatever market price people are willing to pay for them in balancing act of supply vs demand. Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Preev is a useful site that that shows how much various denominations of bitcoin are worth in different currencies. Alternatively you can just Google "1 bitcoin in (your local currency)". Securing your bitcoins With bitcoin you can "Be your own bank" and personally secure your bitcoins OR you can use third party companies aka "Bitcoin banks" which will hold the bitcoins for you. If you prefer to "Be your own bank" and have direct control over your coins without having to use a trusted third party, there are many software wallet options here. If you want easy and secure storage without having to learn computer security best practices, then a hardware wallet such as the Trezor or Ledger is recommended. A more advanced option is to secure them yourself using paper wallets generated offline. Some popular mobile and desktop options are listed below and most are cross platform. Android iOs Desktop Mycelium BreadWallet Electrum CoPay AirBitz Armory If you prefer to let third party "Bitcoin banks" manage your coins, try Coinbase or Xapo but be aware you may not be in control of your private keys in which case you would have to ask permission to access your funds and be exposed to third party risk. Note: For increased security, use Two Factor Authentication (2FA) everywhere it is offered, including email! 2FA requires a second confirmation code to access your account, usually from a text message or app, making it much harder for thieves to gain access. Google Authenticator and Authy are the two most popular 2FA services, download links are below. Make sure you create backups of your 2FA codes. Google Auth Authy Android Android iOS iOS Where can I spend bitcoins? A more comprehensive list can be found at the Trade FAQ but some more commons ones are below. Store Product Gyft Gift cards for hundreds of retailers including Amazon, Target, Walmart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, CVS, Lowes, Home Depot, iTunes, Best Buy, Sears, Kohls, eBay, GameStop, etc. Steam, HumbleBundle, GreenmanGaming, and Coinplay.io For when you need to get your game on Microsoft Xbox games, phone apps and software Spendabit, The Bitcoin Shop, Overstock, Rakuten, DuoSearch, The Bitcoin Directory and BazaarBay Retail shopping with millions of results ShakePay Generate one time use Visa cards in seconds NewEgg, TigerDirect and Dell For all your electronics needs Cashila, Bitwa.la, Coinbills, Piixpay, Bitbill.eu, Bylls, Coins.ph, Bitrefill, Pey.de, LivingRoomofSatoshi, Wagepoint, Hyphen.to, Coinsfer, GetPaidinBitcoin, Coins.co.th, More Bill payment Foodler, Takeaway, Thuisbezorgd NL, Pizza For Coins Takeout delivered to your door! Expedia, Cheapair, Lot, Destinia, BTCTrip, Abitsky, SkyTours, Fluege the Travel category on Gyft and 9flats For when you need to get away BoltVM, BitHost VPS service Cryptostorm, Mullvad, and PIA VPN services Namecheap For new domain name registration Stampnik and GetUSPS Discounted USPS Priority, Express, First-Class mail postage Reddit Gold Premium membership which can be gifted to others Coinmap and AirBitz are helpful to find local businesses accepting bitcoins. A good resource for UK residents is at wheretospendbitcoins.co.uk. There are also lots of charities which accept bitcoin donations, such as Wikipedia, Red Cross, Amnesty International, United Way, ACLU and the EFF. You can find a longer list here. Merchant Resources There are several benefits to accepting bitcoin as a payment option if you are a merchant; 1-3% savings over credit cards or PayPal. No chargebacks (final settlement in 10 minutes as opposed to 3+ months). Accept business from a global customer base. Increased privacy. Convert 100% of the sale to the currency of your choice for deposit to your account, or choose to keep a percentage of the sale in bitcoin if you wish to begin accumulating it. If you are interested in accepting bitcoin as a payment method, there are several options available; Bitpay Coinbase Coinify Snapcard GoCoin Mycelium Gear (direct to your wallet) Blockonomics (direct to your wallet) Bitaps Can I mine bitcoin? Mining bitcoins can be a fun learning experience, but be aware that you will most likely operate at a loss. Newcomers are often advised to stay away from mining unless they are only interested in it as a hobby similar to folding at home. If you want to learn more about mining you can read more here. Still have mining questions? The crew at /BitcoinMining would be happy to help you out. If you want to contribute to the bitcoin network by hosting the blockchain and propagating transactions you can run a full node using this setup guide. You can view the global node distribution here. Earning bitcoins Just like any other form of money, you can also earn bitcoins by being paid to do a job. Site Description Bitwage, XBTfreelancer, Cryptogrind, Bitlancerr, Coinality, Bitgigs, /Jobs4Bitcoins, Rein Project Freelancing OpenBazaar, Purse.io, Bitify, /Bitmarket, 21 Market Marketplaces Watchmybit, Streamium.io, OTika.tv, XOtika.tv NSFW, /GirlsGoneBitcoin NSFW Video Streaming Bitasker, BitforTip, WillPayCoin Tasks Supload.com, SatoshiBox, JoyStream, File Army File/Image Sharing CoinAd, A-ads, Coinzilla.io Advertising You can also earn bitcoins by participating as a market maker on JoinMarket by allowing users to perform CoinJoin transactions with your bitcoins for a small fee (requires you to already have some bitcoins) Bitcoin Projects The following is a short list of ongoing projects that might be worth taking a look at if you are interested in current development in the bitcoin space. Project Description Lightning Network, Amiko Pay, and Strawpay Payment channels for network scaling Blockstream and Drivechain Sidechains 21, Inc. Open source library for the machine payable web ShapeShift.io Trade between bitcoins and altcoins easily Open Transactions, Counterparty, Omni, Open Assets, Symbiont and Chain Financial asset platforms Hivemind and Augur Prediction markets Mirror Smart contracts Mediachain Decentralized media library Tierion and Factom Records & Titles on the blockchain BitMarkets, DropZone, Beaver and Open Bazaar Decentralized markets Samourai and Dark Wallet - abandoned Privacy-enhancing wallets JoinMarket CoinJoin implementation (Increase privacy and/or Earn interest on bitcoin holdings) Coinffeine and Bitsquare Decentralized bitcoin exchanges Keybase and Bitrated Identity & Reputation management Bitmesh and Telehash Mesh networking JoyStream BitTorrent client with paid seeding MORPHiS Decentralized, encrypted internet Storj and Sia Decentralized file storage Streamium and Faradam Pay in real time for on-demand services Abra Global P2P money transmitter network bitSIM PIN secure hardware token between SIM & Phone Identifi Decentralized address book w/ ratings system Coinometrics Institutional-level Bitcoin Data & Research Blocktrail and BitGo Multisig bitcoin API Bitcore Open source Bitcoin javascript library Insight Open source blockchain API Leet Kill your friends and take their money ;) Bitcoin Units One Bitcoin is quite large (hundreds of £/$/€) so people often deal in smaller units. The most common subunits are listed below: Unit Symbol Value Info millibitcoin mBTC 1,000 per bitcoin SI unit for milli i.e. millilitre (mL) or millimetre (mm) microbitcoin μBTC 1,000,000 per bitcoin SI unit for micro i.e microlitre (μL) or micrometre (μm) bit bit 1,000,000 per bitcoin Colloquial "slang" term for microbitcoin satoshi sat 100,000,000 per bitcoin Smallest unit in bitcoin, named after the inventor For example, assuming an arbitrary exchange rate of $500 for one Bitcoin, a $10 meal would equal: 0.02 BTC 20 mBTC 20,000 bits For more information check out the Bitcoin units wiki. Still have questions? Feel free to ask in the comments below or stick around for our weekly Mentor Monday thread. If you decide to post a question in /Bitcoin, please use the search bar to see if it has been answered before, and remember to follow the community rules outlined on the sidebar to receive a better response. The mods are busy helping manage our community so please do not message them unless you notice problems with the functionality of the subreddit. A complete list of bitcoin related subreddits can be found here Note: This is a community created FAQ. If you notice anything missing from the FAQ or that requires clarification you can edit it here and it will be included in the next revision pending approval. Welcome to the Bitcoin community and the new decentralized economy! submitted by BinaryResult to Bitcoin [link] [comments] [uncensored-r/Bitcoin] /r/Bitcoin FAQ - Newcomers please read The following post by BinaryResult is being replicated because some comments within the post(but not the post itself) have been silently removed. The original post can be found(in censored form) at this link: reddit: /Bitcoin/comments/6jlop4 The original post's content was as follows: Welcome to the /Bitcoin Sticky FAQ You've probably been hearing a lot about Bitcoin recently and are wondering what's the big deal? Most of your questions should be answered by the resources below but if you have additional questions feel free to ask them in the comments. The following videos are a good starting point for understanding how bitcoin works and a little about its long term potential: Video 1: What Is Bitcoin & Why Should You Care? Video 2: The real value of bitcoin and crypto currency technology Video 3: Bitcoin Is Independent Money Video 4: Bitcoin 101 - Balaji Srinivasan For lots of additional video resources check out the videos wiki page or /BitcoinTV. Key properties of bitcoin Limited Supply - There will only ever be 21,000,000 bitcoins created and they are issued in a predictable fashion, you can view the inflation schedule here. Once they are all issued Bitcoin will be truly deflationary. Open source - Bitcoin code is fully auditable. You can read the source code yourself here. Accountable - The public ledger is transparent, all transactions are seen by everyone. Decentralized - Bitcoin is globally distributed across thousands of nodes with no single point of failure and as such can't be shut down similar to how Bittorrent works. Censorship resistant - No one can prevent you from interacting with the bitcoin network and no one can censor, alter or block transactions that they disagree with, see Operation Chokepoint. Push system - There are no chargebacks in bitcoin because only the person who owns the address where the bitcoins reside has the authority to move them. Low fee - Transactions fees can vary between a few cents and a few dollars depending on network demand and how much priority you wish to assign to the transaction. Most wallets calculate the fee automatically but you can view current fees here. Borderless - No country can stop it from going in/out, even in areas currently unserved by traditional banking as the ledger is globally distributed. Trustless - Bitcoin solved the Byzantine's Generals Problem which means nobody needs to trust anybody for it to work. Pseudonymous - No need to expose personal information when purchasing with cash or transacting. Secure - Encrypted cryptographically and can’t be brute forced or confiscated with proper key management such as hardware wallets. Programmable - Individual units of bitcoin can be programmed to transfer based on certain criteria being met Nearly instant - From a few seconds to a few minutes depending on need for confirmations. After a few confirmations transactions are irreversible. Peer-to-peer - No intermediaries with a cut, no need for trusted third parties. Portable - Bitcoins are digital so they are easier to move than cash or gold. They can even be transported by simply remembering a string of words for wallet recovery. Scalable - Each bitcoin is divisible down to 8 decimals allowing it to grow in value while still accommodating micro-transactions. Designed Money - Bitcoin was created to fit all the fundamental properties of money better than gold or fiat Some excellent writing on Bitcoin's value proposition and future can be found here. Bitcoin statistics can be found here, here and here. Developer resources can be found here and here. Peer-reviewed research papers can be found here. The number of times Bitcoin was declared dead by the media can be found here. Scaling resources here, and of course the whitepaper that started it all. Where can I buy bitcoins? BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com and Howtobuybitcoin.io are helpful sites for beginners. You can buy or sell any amount of bitcoin and there are several easy methods to purchase bitcoin with cash, credit card or bank transfer. Some of the more popular resources are below, also, check out the bitcoinity exchange resources for a larger list of options for purchases. Bank Transfer Credit / Debit card Cash Coinbase Coinbase LocalBitcoins Gemini Bitstamp LibertyX GDAX Bitit Mycelium LocalTrader Bitstamp Cex.io BitQuick Kraken CoinMama WallofCoins Xapo BitcoinOTC Cex.io itBit Bitit Bitsquare Here is a listing of local ATMs. If you would like your paycheck automatically converted to bitcoin use Cashila or Bitwage. Note: Bitcoins are valued at whatever market price people are willing to pay for them in balancing act of supply vs demand. Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Preev is a useful site that that shows how much various denominations of bitcoin are worth in different currencies. Alternatively you can just Google "1 bitcoin in (your local currency)". Securing your bitcoins With bitcoin you can "Be your own bank" and personally secure your bitcoins OR you can use third party companies aka "Bitcoin banks" which will hold the bitcoins for you. If you prefer to "Be your own bank" and have direct control over your coins without having to use a trusted third party, there are many software wallet options here. If you want easy and secure storage without having to learn computer security best practices, then a hardware wallet such as the Trezor or Ledger is recommended. A more advanced option is to secure them yourself using paper wallets generated offline. Some popular mobile and desktop options are listed below and most are cross platform. Android iOs Desktop Mycelium BreadWallet Electrum CoPay AirBitz Armory If you prefer to let third party "Bitcoin banks" manage your coins, try Coinbase or Xapo but be aware you may not be in control of your private keys in which case you would have to ask permission to access your funds and be exposed to third party risk. Another interesting use case for physical storage/transfer is the Opendime. Opendime is a small USB stick that allows you to spend Bitcoin by physically passing it along so it's anonymous and tangible like cash. Note: For increased security, use Two Factor Authentication (2FA) everywhere it is offered, including email! 2FA requires a second confirmation code to access your account, usually from a text message or app, making it much harder for thieves to gain access. Google Authenticator and Authy are the two most popular 2FA services, download links are below. Make sure you create backups of your 2FA codes. Google Auth Authy Android Android iOS iOS Where can I spend bitcoins? A more comprehensive list can be found at the Trade FAQ but some more commons ones are below. Store Product Gyft Gift cards for hundreds of retailers including Amazon, Target, Walmart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, CVS, Lowes, Home Depot, iTunes, Best Buy, Sears, Kohls, eBay, GameStop, etc. Steam, HumbleBundle, Games Planet, itch.io, g2g and kinguin For when you need to get your game on Microsoft Xbox games, phone apps and software Spendabit, The Bitcoin Shop, Overstock, Rakuten, DuoSearch, The Bitcoin Directory and BazaarBay Retail shopping with millions of results ShakePay Generate one time use Visa cards in seconds NewEgg, TigerDirect and Dell For all your electronics needs Cashila, Bitwa.la, Coinbills, Piixpay, Bitbill.eu, Bylls, Coins.ph, Bitrefill, Pey.de, LivingRoomofSatoshi, Hyphen.to, Coinsfer, GetPaidinBitcoin, Coins.co.th, More #1, #2 Bill payment Foodler, Menufy, Takeaway, Thuisbezorgd NL, Pizza For Coins Takeout delivered to your door! Expedia, Cheapair, Lot, Destinia, BTCTrip, Abitsky, SkyTours, Fluege the Travel category on Gyft and 9flats For when you need to get away BoltVM, BitHost VPS service Cryptostorm, Mullvad, and PIA VPN services Namecheap For new domain name registration Stampnik and GetUSPS Discounted USPS Priority, Express, First-Class mail postage Reddit Gold Premium membership which can be gifted to others Coinmap, 99Bitcoins and AirBitz are helpful to find local businesses accepting bitcoins. A good resource for UK residents is at wheretospendbitcoins.co.uk. There are also lots of charities which accept bitcoin donations, such as Wikipedia, Red Cross, Amnesty International, United Way, ACLU and the EFF. You can find a longer list here. Merchant Resources There are several benefits to accepting bitcoin as a payment option if you are a merchant; 1-3% savings over credit cards or PayPal. No chargebacks (final settlement in 10 minutes as opposed to 3+ months). Accept business from a global customer base. Increased privacy. Convert 100% of the sale to the currency of your choice for deposit to your account, or choose to keep a percentage of the sale in bitcoin if you wish to begin accumulating it. If you are interested in accepting bitcoin as a payment method, there are several options available; Bitpay Coinbase Coinify Snapcard GoCoin Mycelium Gear (direct to your wallet) Blockonomics (direct to your wallet) Bitaps Can I mine bitcoin? Mining bitcoins can be a fun learning experience, but be aware that you will most likely operate at a loss. Newcomers are often advised to stay away from mining unless they are only interested in it as a hobby similar to folding at home. If you want to learn more about mining you can read more here. Still have mining questions? The crew at /BitcoinMining would be happy to help you out. If you want to contribute to the bitcoin network by hosting the blockchain and propagating transactions you can run a full node using this setup guide. Bitseed is an easy option for getting set up. You can view the global node distribution here. Earning bitcoins Just like any other form of money, you can also earn bitcoins by being paid to do a job. Site Description WorkingForBitcoins, Bitwage, XBTfreelancer, Cryptogrind, Bitlancerr, Coinality, Bitgigs, /Jobs4Bitcoins, Rein Project Freelancing OpenBazaar, Purse.io, Bitify, /Bitmarket, 21 Market Marketplaces Watchmybit, Streamium.io, OTika.tv, XOtika.tv NSFW, /GirlsGoneBitcoin NSFW Video Streaming Bitasker, BitforTip, WillPayCoin Tasks Supload.com, SatoshiBox, JoyStream, File Army File/Image Sharing CoinAd, A-ads, Coinzilla.io Advertising You can also earn bitcoins by participating as a market maker on JoinMarket by allowing users to perform CoinJoin transactions with your bitcoins for a small fee (requires you to already have some bitcoins) Bitcoin Projects The following is a short list of ongoing projects that might be worth taking a look at if you are interested in current development in the bitcoin space. Project Description Lightning Network, Amiko Pay, and Strawpay Payment channels for network scaling Blockstream and Drivechain Sidechains 21, Inc. Open source library for the machine payable web ShapeShift.io Trade between bitcoins and altcoins easily Open Transactions, Counterparty, Omni, Open Assets, Symbiont and Chain Financial asset platforms Hivemind and Augur Prediction markets Mirror Smart contracts Mediachain Decentralized media library Tierion and Factom Records & Titles on the blockchain BitMarkets, DropZone, Beaver and Open Bazaar Decentralized markets Samourai and Dark Wallet - abandoned Privacy-enhancing wallets JoinMarket CoinJoin implementation (Increase privacy and/or Earn interest on bitcoin holdings) Coinffeine and Bitsquare Decentralized bitcoin exchanges Keybase and Bitrated Identity & Reputation management Bitmesh and Telehash Mesh networking JoyStream BitTorrent client with paid seeding MORPHiS Decentralized, encrypted internet Storj and Sia Decentralized file storage Streamium and Faradam Pay in real time for on-demand services Abra Global P2P money transmitter network bitSIM PIN secure hardware token between SIM & Phone Identifi Decentralized address book w/ ratings system Coinometrics Institutional-level Bitcoin Data & Research Blocktrail and BitGo Multisig bitcoin API Bitcore Open source Bitcoin javascript library Insight Open source blockchain API Leet Kill your friends and take their money ;) Bitcoin Units One Bitcoin is quite large (hundreds of £/$/€) so people often deal in smaller units. The most common subunits are listed below: Unit Symbol Value Info millibitcoin mBTC 1,000 per bitcoin SI unit for milli i.e. millilitre (mL) or millimetre (mm) microbitcoin ?BTC 1,000,000 per bitcoin SI unit for micro i.e microlitre (?L) or micrometre (?m) bit bit 1,000,000 per bitcoin Colloquial "slang" term for microbitcoin satoshi sat 100,000,000 per bitcoin Smallest unit in bitcoin, named after the inventor For example, assuming an arbitrary exchange rate of $500 for one Bitcoin, a $10 meal would equal: 0.02 BTC 20 mBTC 20,000 bits For more information check out the Bitcoin units wiki. Still have questions? Feel free to ask in the comments below or stick around for our weekly Mentor Monday thread. If you decide to post a question in /Bitcoin, please use the search bar to see if it has been answered before, and remember to follow the community rules outlined on the sidebar to receive a better response. The mods are busy helping manage our community so please do not message them unless you notice problems with the functionality of the subreddit. A complete list of bitcoin related subreddits can be found here Note: This is a community created FAQ. If you notice anything missing from the FAQ or that requires clarification you can edit it here and it will be included in the next revision pending approval. Welcome to the Bitcoin community and the new decentralized economy! submitted by censorship_notifier to noncensored_bitcoin [link] [comments] 08-09 07:32 - '70+ Bitcoin companies, exchange and wallets that did NOT agree to Segwit2x' (self.Bitcoin) by /u/jtos3 removed from /r/Bitcoin within 296-306min ''' Bitfinex - one of the world's largest Bitcoin exchanges Kraken - world's largest EUR Bitcoin exchange based on volume LocalBitcoins - world's largest P2P Bitcoin exchange Bitstamp - one of the world's largest Bitcoin exchanges Gemini - one of the world's largest Bitcoin exchanges Poloniex - world's largest cryptocurrency exchange Bittrex - world's second largest cryptocurrency exchange BitQuick - major cash to Bitcoin exchange in the USA Vaultoro - gold/bitcoin exchange VirWoX - world's largest Paypal to Bitcoin exchange Zebpay - one of India's largest Bitcoin exchanges CoinMama - one of the world's largest credit card to Bitcoin brokers BitPanda - one of Europe's largest Bitcoin brokers CEX.io - top global Bitcoin and crypto exchange coinhouse - credit card to Bitcoin broker run by Ledger Bitcoin.de - one of Europe's largest P2P Bitcoin exchanges Bittylicious - one of the UK's largest Bitcoin brokers Coinfloor - European Bitcoin broker and exchange BitBargain - UK Bitcoin exchangd Paymium - Bitcoin broker based in France Bity - large European Bitcoin exchange Satoshi Counter - Canadian OTC Bitcoin exchange Bitaccess - Canadia Bitcoin ATM network SurBitcoin - Venezuela's largest Bitcoin exchange Cryptobuyer - Venezuelan Bitcoin exchange bit2c - Israel's top Bitcoin exchange Bits of Gold - Israel's largest Bitcoin broker CoinHako - one of Singapore's largest Bitcoin exchanges Volabit - Mexican Bitcoin exchange Satoshi Tango - Latin American Bitcoin exchange Mercado Bitcoin - Brazilian Bitcoin exchange FOXBIT - Brazilian Bitcoin exchange OKCoin - Chinese Bitcoin exchange Huobi - Chinese Bitcoin exchange LakeBTC - Bitcoin exchange Gatecoin - Bitcoin exchange Bitrefill - mobile phone topups with Bitcoin CoinJar - Australian Bitcoin broker BuyaBitcoin - Australian cash to bitcoin exchange Coin Loft - Australian cash to Bitcoin exchange Urdubit - Bitcoin exchange based in Pakistan Bitcoin Cambodia - Camobdian Bitcoin broker Bitt - Caribbean Bitcoin exchange bitcoin.co.id - Indonesia's largest Bitcoin exchange Coincheck - one of Japan's largest Bitcoin exchanges coins.co.th - one of Thailand's largest Bitcoin brokers/exchange bitcoin.co.th - one of Thailand's largest Bitcoin brokers/exchange MaiCoin - Taiwanese Bitcoin exchange Bitonic - Dutch Bitcoin broker Bitrush - Dutch Bitcoin broker BitBay - Bitcoin broker based in Poland Bitcoin Romania - largest Romanian Bitcoin exchange & broker Nairaex - Nigeria's largest Bitcoin exchange Bitsewa - Nepal's largest Bitcoin exchange Wall of Coins - major US cash to Bitcoin exchange LibertyX - major US cash to Bitcoin exchange CoinCorner - European Bitcoin broker Cubits - European Bitcoin broker Bitit - European Bitcoin broker itBit - OTC Bitcoin trading Anycoin Direct - European Bitcoin broker Belgacoin - large European Bitcoin exchange/broker Bisq - decentralized Bitcoin exchange KeepKey - hardware Bitcoin wallet Ledger Wallet - hardware Bitcoin wallet TREZOR - hardware Bitcoin wallet Electrum - Bitcoin desktop wallet GreenAddress - Bitcoin web wallet Slush Pool - Bitcoin mining pool Samourai Wallet - Android Bitcoin wallet breadwallet - most popular iOS Bitcoin wallet Mycelium - popular Android Bitcoin wallet Please help list more in the comments. ''' 70+ Bitcoin companies, exchange and wallets that did NOT agree to Segwit2x Go1dfish undelete link unreddit undelete link Author: jtos3 submitted by removalbot to removalbot [link] [comments] Read our guide to the Best Bitcoin Mining Software. Exchanges for Investing in Bitcoin. Exchanges are the most straightforward and popular method for acquiring Bitcoin. There are well over 100 operational Bitcoin exchanges worldwide, but steering clear of exchanges that are known for wash trading and sticking with major reputable exchanges is the most prudent move. Bitit.io is a cryptocurrency exchange based in Paris, France that has been providing cryptocurrency brokerage services since 2015.They offer a range of purchase options and operate in over 50 countries with the aim of giving everyone the opportunity to access cryptocurrency, no matter where they live. Many people already know that mining is the means by which Bitcoin is “created”. Yet, few are fully aware of what that activity entails. Up until only a few years ago, miners were seen as belonging to a very tightly restricted and difficult to identify group operating on the verge of legality. Instant, easy and secure cryptocurrency purchases. Buy & sell the leading crypto assets with Bitit, the easiest, most secure platform for getting started. 139 reviews of Bitit - "Hello everyone, I want to testify about Luis Carlos who help me invest my bitcoin and made me who i am today, i never believe in bitcoin investment till i met Luis Carlos, I saw so many testimony about Luis Carlos helping people to invest their bitcoin, So i decide to contact him and invested $500 and after 7 days i receive my profit of $5,000 on my bitcoin wallet, Ever ... [index] [637] [4286] [4234] [2849] [670] [2931] [285] [3851] [1723] [4071] Best Bitcoin Mining Site Without Investment Payment ... How to buy and send Bitcoin ? Use Bitit.io, the most simple way ! BITIT.IO: https://bitit.io/ ----- Découvrez comment acheter du Bitcoin simplement avec Bitit.io. Vous pouvez ensuite le ... 👉 Voir la précédente vidéo : https://youtu.be/ADNV2hrCYAA 💰 Achetez et vendez des Bitcoins 💸 10$ offerts à partir de 100$ d'achat : https://go ... ️ Download for free from http://bitsoftmachine.com/?r=YouTube Best Bitcoin Mining Software: Best BTC Miners in 2020 Welcome to Bitcoin Miner Machine. #Bitco... The mining farm is complete and operational. This video shows the second half of the build. Let me know if you have any questions or suggestions. Get 3% off all Genesis Mining contracts using code ... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Download: https://anonfiles.com/j4m326Lco7 -------------------------------...
0.999999	(CNN) -- Alberto Contador is on the verge of winning his second Tour de France in three years after finishing fourth to fellow-Spaniard Juan Manuel Garate in the arduous 20th and penultimate 167km stage to the top of Mont Ventoux. Andy Schleck's continuous attacking failed to dislodge Alberto Contador from his yellow jersey. Contador came home alongside his rivals for overall victory as the stage turned into a tactical battle between the race leaders while the two remnants of an early 16-man breakaway group, Garate and Germany's Tony Martin, battled it out for the glory of finishing first at the top of the 'Giant of Provence.' Garate eventually won his duel with Team Columbia's Martin by three seconds, giving Rabobank their first stage victory in what has been a disappointing Tour for the Dutch team. However, the real story was developing behind them as second-placed Andy Schleck launched a series of attacks in an attempt to distance third-placed Lance Armstrong -- with the aim of getting his older brother Frank, who began the stage in sixth position, onto the podium. Despite Luxembourger Schleck again showing his strength in the high mountains, seven-times Tour winner Armstrong dug deep to survive the onslaught as the top three remained in the same order as they began the stage. Schleck and Contador crossed the line third and fourth, 38 seconds behind Garate, with Armstrong a further three seconds behind and Frank Schleck two more seconds adrift. Don't Miss Cavendish claims fifth stage win Schleck wins as Contador goes clear Armstrong to form new cycling team Armstrong clings to Contador's tail Impressive Contador takes yellow Contador's dominance in the final week of the race gave him a cushion of over four minutes on Andy Schleck, but Astana teammate Armstrong's position was in danger, with third to sixth place separated by under 40 seconds. However, the 37-year-old American never looked in danger of cracking, and will claim a place on the podium in a remarkable return after last competing in the Tour in 2005. Meanwhile, Bradley Wiggins suffered in the final 2km of the epic ascent and finished just over a minute down in 10th position, but he did enough to retain fourth place overall from the elder Schleck, by a mere three seconds. Wiggins' transformation from multiple Olympic champion and superb time-trialist to overall Tour contender has been one of the stories of the race and barring accidents in Sunday's ceremonial final stage into Paris, he will equal the best-ever final Tour position by a Briton, achieved by Scottish climber Rober Millar in 1984. Stage winner Garate could barely disguise his joy at claiming a famous victory. "I am very proud because the team has tried every day to win a stage at this year's Tour," he told the race's official Web site. "Today was the last chance and I have found what we were looking for. It is a very new experience for me. "Yesterday evening I was doing an interview with a radio station and explaining that it would be dream to win on the mythical Mont Ventoux -- and now it's happened. This is paradise!"
0.98291	Aran lived on a called It was a medium sized , about twice the size of the Earth. Originally, when it first , the had very little land mass, it seemed that the sea level had risen to the point where mountains had been completely engulfed. Along with the disappearance of the landmass, scanners soon picked up the traces of an alien which happened to have gone extinct, providing many technologies which over shadowed humanity's own technology by more than 600 years. Humans, being humans, decided colonise the despite the difficulties entailed. First, the atmosphere had to be stabilised to suitable for humans to live in, this however, was both a lengthy and pricey task and a different was chosen instead. This was creating floating cities, essentially oversized space craft with a top side that mimicked human cities, high rise buildings and all. The cities were protected by a large bubble, created through a of alien technology and a system called 'Magic', In reality, magic was just a system which converted and a substance found everywhere called 'Mana'. This element was by a famous explorer who happened to absolutely love fantasy stories where wicked witches and sorcerers duked it out with powerful logic defying magic, thus he decided to name his after his hobby. The explorer was widely referred to as the 'Forefather' since he kickstarted human advancements in technology, creating the magic system, technology that could harness the power of mana and use it to create physical matter. Originally, magic required lengthy to cast but that was quickly shortened and adapted by many other scientists who saw the potential of magic into a short comprehensible line, often being a single word or two. This was at the cost of 10%-5% loss in magic power, all in all, a tolerable decrease. The rise of magic was with a rise in crime, rogues and petty thieves got their hands on leaked magic technology, using it to commit crime. Terrorists became more , the deaths caused by terrorists alone quadrupled only a few months after a solid for magic had been laid out, but the military also became more capable. Alien technology was employed to hasten the advance of human technologies, whilst there were some groups who were against this, the vast majority of people knew the benefits of , analysing and harnessing the power of alien tech, quickly causing those who voice their to hide their deep inside. Magic systems were then implemented into a user friendly (ish) AI format, where the AI would be implemented into a wrist chip. Soon enough, it became a requirement for every human citizen and soldier to have one as technology giants like Wuahei and invested all of their efforts into these chips, making mobile phones and such obsolete. Soon, each of these chips possessed the capabilities of a quantum and more. , this also meant that magic would be in the hands in ordinary people, which the Inter spacial Explorer's League couldn't except, thus, only authorized chips were given to the magic system and it's helpful (ish) AI. The alien technology was a boon to human society, but every prize comes with a risk. This risk was coming into contact with other alien races such as the friendly (ish) Faiuics and the not so friendly () , both of which surpassed the human race in both military power and wealth. The only thing they didn't have was magic, and they really wanted it. Badly. Wars were waged, resulting in a crushing defeat for humanity, forcing them to retreat to the corners of their Humanity became increasingly more dependant on the magic system, they begun implementing magic into their war machines. An ordinary infantry soldier would undergo enhancement, putting peak level athletes to shame. Their night goggles were with magic visors, which could cast optical spells to enhance Military weapons were also , assault rifles quickly became by the ever Eagle M16s and machetes were tossed into the dustbin. Exposure to mana caused to small groups of humans, giving them affinity to certain spell An example of this are the , born with abnormal willpower and able to and influence material objects and living beings with a single thought. They quickly became oddities among the military, the chance of to randomly and naturally appear was under 2% of the total human , spread out among several There was a variant of the that was extremely rare. They were Although they lacked the power of , their presence on the battlefield alone would send enemy soldiers instantly mad. The only downside was that someone had to experience terrible trauma at a young age, something that would make people with PTSD think that they had the good end of the stick, to one. This meant that all were , the fact that most went on a rampage immediately upon 'awakening' meant that they died very quickly. Whilst the awakening rates for was a dismal 0.3% of , less than that managed to survive and contribute to the progress of the human race. This shared trait among led to them being highly discriminated against, many fanatics cursing them as hell spawn and starting crusades, weakening the already pathetic grip that humanity had over their footholds into the space age. Luckily, the alien races decided that the humans did not constitute a threat and thought that they could sweep up magic whenever they wanted, which they could. Eventually, this of the determined human race led to the birth of a new superpower known as the 'United States of Humanity'. Magic had humanity's trump card, allowing soldiers to twist sticky into favourable ones with a single word. It levelled the field, making the alien war machines a mere irritant. A single man could bring down a fleet of corvette ships with a single spell. Magic was quickly evaluated into ranks, since humans were so competitive. It ranged from SSS to SS, S, A+, A, A- and so on all the way to F-. Soon magical weapons and technology gained a rating system as well. Now that humanity gained weapons, they began to prepare to fight back at their oppressors. ... Since the author's thought can't exceed 500 words... Contrary to first , I don't actually want a 100% packed novel. I'll do some world building every now and then and probably fail pathetically when I try and make side characters relevant. I hope you enjoyed this chapter, any should be left at the sheet.
0.999508	A community dedicated to Bitcoin, the currency of the Internet. Bitcoin is a distributed, worldwide, decentralized digital money. Bitcoins are issued and managed without any central authority whatsoever: there is no government, company, or bank in charge of Bitcoin. You might be interested in Bitcoin if you like cryptography, distributed peer-to-peer systems, or economics. A large percentage of Bitcoin enthusiasts are libertarians, though people of all political philosophies are welcome. [link] Bitcoin Confidential Bitcoin Confidential is a new Proof of Stake privacy focused cryptocurrency which requires private transactions. [link] Bitcoin Discussion about Bitcoin. BitcoinSV restores the original Bitcoin protocol, will keep it stable, and allow it to massively scale on-chain. BSV will maintain the vision laid out by Satoshi Nakamoto in the 2008 white paper - Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. [link] What are recommended bitcoin.conf settings when using c-lightning? I'm running full (non-pruned) bitcoin core 0.20 on Ubuntu 18. My current bitcoin.conf is: txindex=1 listenonion=0 server=1 rpcuser=xxx rpcpassword=xxx rpcthreads=1 If I use c-lightning, what changes do I need to make to the above file? Thanks in advance. submitted by 1Tim1_15 to lightningnetwork [link] [comments] Wassabi modifications to bitcoin.conf makes port 8333 unreachable I've been trying to track down why my bitcoin node can't be reached through port 8333, even though I have correct port forwarding rules set up on my router, and have allowed traffic on 8333 on my firewall. I checked bitcoin.conf, and noticed a section at the bottom modified by Wasabi: main.listen = 1 main.whitebind = 127.0.0.1:8333 main.rpcbind = 127.0.0.1 main.rpcallowip = 127.0.0.1 main.rpcport = 8332 I can't remember making these changes, but I suppose it's possible. Would these bitcoin.conf changes have been made Wasabi? There was a comment at the bottom of bitcoin.conf saying these changes were made through wassabee. At any rate, commenting them out restored normal bitcoin connectivity. My port can be seen as open at canyouseeme.org. What are the implications to Wasabi of leaving these lines commented out? Edit: spelling Edit 2: Clarification submitted by Personable_Milkman to WasabiWallet [link] [comments] On a mission to transmit the Bitcoin energy to other parts of the world. Flashback Bitcoin conf 2019 São Francisco Canal LBRY Português. #LBRY #Bitcoin #BTC submitted by Msmaecrypto to u/Msmaecrypto [link] [comments] Question about "paytxfee" config variable for bitcoin.conf Hello, I noticed that there is an option that you can specify in the bitcoin-core application called "paytxfee" and the example is given as shown below: #Pay a transaction fee every time you send bitcoins. #paytxfee=0.000x I'm trying to find a clear explanation of what the "x" is referring to for this value. If i were to use the following commands to estimate a fee for confirmation within 10 transactions, i would get the following: $ bitcoin-cli estimatesmartfee 10 { "feerate": 0.00012265, "blocks": 10 } I could then use the command bitcoin-cli settxfee 0.00012265 and i would then have set my transaction fee to a value of 0.00012265 btc per kb as my fee -- my question is as follows: If i were to set a value of paytxfee=0.05x, what would this mean? Would that mean it would use 5% of the value already calculated with estimatesmartfee? Any clarification would be helpful :) Cheers! submitted by bonsaitree33 to Bitcoin [link] [comments] Bitcoin.conf unwritable Using raspberry pi 4 running raspian, I tried to edit the bitcoin.conf file (which I have done before) with sudo nano and it says file is unwritable. How to fix this? submitted by asnahhh to Bitcoin [link] [comments] To signal non-support of Segwit2X, add uacomment=NO2X to bitcoin.conf and restart Find your bitcoin.conf file, and add the following line: uacomment=NO2X Then restart your node. https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Running_Bitcoin#Bitcoin.conf_Configuration_File You can also do this via the command line, eg: bitcoind.exe -uacomment=NO2X submitted by windsok to Bitcoin [link] [comments] [VIDEO] Run Your Cyphernode ~ Francis Pouliot ~ Understanding Bitcoin Conf submitted by LightningPlus to Bitcoin [link] [comments] To signal non-support of Segwit2X, upgrade to 0.15, add uacomment=NO2X to bitcoin.conf and restart To ensure you do not get forked onto the S2X chain, you do not need to do anything. If you want to be vocal about your non-support of NYA/S2X, then you can do the following. Upgrade to Bitcoin 0.15 - https://bitcoin.org/en/download Find your bitcoin.conf file, and add the following line: uacomment=NO2X Then restart your node. https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Running_Bitcoin#Bitcoin.conf_Configuration_File You can also do this via the command line, eg: bitcoind.exe -uacomment=NO2X We are currently sitting at just over 100 NO2X nodes: https://bitnodes.21.co/nodes/?q=NO2X as well as over 2000 0.15+ nodes submitted by windsok to Bitcoin [link] [comments] Why you should be exciting about bitcoin (jack mallers' talk bitcoin conf. 2019) submitted by bitme123 to Bitcoin [link] [comments] [VIDEO] EVERYTHING about Schnorr Signatures ~ Jonas Nick ~ Understanding Bitcoin Conf submitted by LightningPlus to Bitcoin [link] [comments] To signal UASF on your node, add uacomment=UASF-SegWit-BIP148 to bitcoin.conf and restart submitted by a56fg4bjgm345 to Bitcoin [link] [comments] ElectrumX and bitcoin.conf txindex=1 I've set up an electrumx server and let it sync all blocks without setting txindex=1 in my bitcoin.conf file. Now, I'm obviously realizing my mistake as my wallet is missing transactions. if I were to go and set txindex=1 and reindex my full node, do I need to do anything on the electrumx side of things to also resync it's blocks? submitted by lurker_derp to Electrum [link] [comments] Bitcoin Core painfully slow sync times + missing bitcoin.conf file? So I've always had trouble syncing my bitcoin qt client, the times are painfully slow, (if it's even progressing at all) and I found out that the bitcoin.conf file is not created automatically and couldn't find out how to create one, there are so many flags to use. Any help? submitted by BestServerNA to Bitcoin [link] [comments] Does anyone need a ticket to the Miami Bitcoin Conf this week? I have extra that we are giving away thru The Crypto Show so I would of course want to share them here. DM me first come first serve. submitted by Dannysomething to dashpay [link] [comments] Please help - why is my Bitcoin Conf file in the wrong directory? I am running a Bitcoin Core GUI-based full node on Windows 10. The conf file is in my bitcoin data directory, instead of being in the appdata/roaming folder. But bitcoind and bitcoin-cli continue to look for the conf file in that appdata/roaming folder, which I guess is the reason the bitcoind server never appears to start. However, Bitcoin-qt (the GUI) appears to work fine and is also pointing to the conf file correctly. I checked by opening the conf file from the settings>options. How do I start bitcoind and check if it is running or not? If I run it on cmd, it appears to start downloading the whole blockchain again, which is unnecessary because I already have all of it. submitted by niranjanrao1 to Bitcoin [link] [comments] [VIDEO] EVERYTHING about Schnorr Signatures ~ Jonas Nick ~ Understanding Bitcoin Conf submitted by ABitcoinAllBot to BitcoinAll [link] [comments] Can I add ZMQ to bitcoin.conf after bitcoind is up to date with the blockchain or do I have to do everything again? submitted by dinglebarry9 to lightningnetwork [link] [comments] Tone Vays - Trading Bitcoin - Last Live Stream before Understanding Bitcoin Conf submitted by Yanlii to cryptovideos [link] [comments] Please help - why is the Bitcoin Conf file in the wrong directory? I am running a Bitcoin Core GUI-based full node on Windows 10. The conf file is in my bitcoin data directory, instead of being in the appdata/roaming folder. But bitcoind and bitcoin-cli continue to look for the conf file in that appdata/roaming folder, which I guess is the reason the bitcoind server never appears to start. How do I start bitcoind and check if it is running or not? If I run it on cmd, it appears to start downloading the whole blockchain again, which is unnecessary because I already have all of it. submitted by niranjanrao1 to BitcoinBeginners [link] [comments] RoboShrem and Jason King from Seans Outpost take a selfie @ Chicago Bitcoin Conf. submitted by Bitcoin_Charlie to Bitcoin [link] [comments] Please help - why is my Bitcoin Conf file in the wrong directory? /r/Bitcoin submitted by ABitcoinAllBot to BitcoinAll [link] [comments] Where is the bitcoin.conf file stored on Windows? When running bitcoin-qt.exe for the first time where are the files supposed to be stored? submitted by LightShadow to BitcoinABC [link] [comments] By default, Bitcoin (or bitcoind) will look for a file named 'bitcoin.conf' in the bitcoin data directory, but both the data directory and the configuration file path may be changed using the -datadir and -conf command-line arguments. Operating System Default bitcoin datadir Typical path to configuration file bitcoin.conf. link Link to this Config File cloud download Download Config File. OK ... The bitcoin.conf file is not created by default, you will need to create it yourself. And also, I never had a c:\users\[username]\appdata\roaming\bitcoin folder as many online answers will suggest, this is because when I installed the bitcoin core program, I chose to put my data directory in a different place than default. To enable block pruning set prune=N on the command line or in bitcoin.conf, where N is the number of MiB to allot for raw block and undo data. A value of 0 disables pruning. The minimal value above 0 is 550. Your wallet is as secure with high values as it is with low ones. Individuals, businesses, developers: learn from our simple Bitcoin guides. How Bitcoin works, what is Bitcoin, what is blockchain, how to buy Bitcoin, what is Bitcoin mining and more. [index] [2698] [980] [3435] [4082] [3862] [2306] [5036] [1218] [1775] [1422] Bitcoin JSON-RPC Tutorial 2 - VPS Setup LIVE from BitBlockBoom Bitcoin Conf - Texas 👉 Subscribe so you don't miss the next one: http://bit.ly/2QKVDdV Check below for events and news The Fina... Bitcoin JSON-RPC tutorial. How to set up bitcoind on a VPS. BTC: 1NPrfWgJfkANmd1jt88A141PjhiarT8d9U. WCN T-Shirts: http://worldcryptonetwork.store Donate Bitcoin: 3NqhJSAikoFiYmZm3ACGzdw9Lr86ZiLT7K Join our New Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wcn Subscribe ... It was an incredible honor for me to introduce Snowden at Bitcoin 2019 this year. He was the most wonderful speaker, and focused on privacy in his talk: the ... 💥Tone Vays On HyperWave / Roger Ver Debate / Bitcoin Markets / Much More! (Bitcoin Conference 2019) by Crypt0. 15:05. Edward Snowden- BITCOIN 2019 Live by The Crypt0 Minute.
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Austin Transportation works to achieve that goal through planning and building a safe multi-modal transportation network in collaboration with City and community partners. What is Vision Zero? Vision Zero is a holistic strategy to end traffic-related fatalities and serious injuries while increasing safe, healthy and equitable mobility for all. It was first adopted in Sweden in the 1990s and has led to major reductions of traffic deaths and serious injuries in many cities that have implemented its policies. Communities that adopt Vision Zero believe that most traffic deaths and injuries are a preventable public health issue, not a result of unavoidable accidents. Austin is consistently ranked as one of America's best places to live, but too many of our fellow Austinites die in traffic crashes each year. On average, an Austinite is killed in a crash every five days, and someone is seriously injured in a crash every 20 hours. Everyone we lose is someone's loved one, and each of these deaths and injuries is preventable. Austin’s City Council adopted Vision Zero as a part of the Imagine Austin Comprehensive Plan in October 2015. Austin's Vision Zero program is a member of the Vision Zero Network, which is a growing coalition of U.S. cities committed to eliminating all traffic fatalities. Through a combination of safer street design, targeted law enforcement, evidence-based public policy, thoughtful public engagement, and participation from our community, we can ensure Austin's streets are safe for everyone. The Austin Strategic Mobility Plan includes key actions, indicators, and targets intended to shape future Vision Zero initiatives. Data and Tools A data-driven approach informs Vision Zero efforts. Using crash data compiled from Austin Police Department Reports, TxDOT’s Crash Records Information System (CRIS) and other sources, the Vision Zero team has developed a High-Injury Network (HIN) which identifies streets in Austin with a relatively high number of serious injury and fatal crashes. The HIN is used to identify locations where engineering, education, or enforcement interventions should be prioritized to have the most impact in improving safety at high crash locations. Austin’s HIN includes just 8% of the city’s street network but contains nearly 70% of all serious injury or fatal crashes for all modes (2013-2017). More recent analysis applies a comprehensive cost value to all people involved in crashes, and this has informed the focus on particular segments of the HIN, as well as prioritizing deeper analysis on the top locations throughout Austin. The Vision Zero Viewer is an interactive dashboard and map for the public to view fatal and serious injury crash data and trends. Austin Transportation uses this data to identify problematic locations and develop solutions to help eliminate serious injuries and deaths from traffic crashes and make progress towards Austin's Vision Zero goal. In addition to where and when severe crashes occur, the viewer shows the different transportation modes and demographic groups impacted by crashes, and provides data that is current, cumulative, and accessible for all. Partnerships Capital Metro, CAMPO, CTRMA, and TxDOT in addition to internal City of Austin departments like Austin Police Department, Austin Municipal Court, Austin Public Health, Public Works and others are key Austin-area mobility partners that coordinate together on projects that achieve Vision Zero goals. Vision Zero is a safe systems-based approach and it takes changes made in multiple areas to make meaningful progress and create a culture of safety. Over the past year, the Vision Zero team worked to coordinate the following initiatives. In partnership with the Austin Police Department (APD) and Austin Municipal Court, recipients of failure to yield citations who caused crashes with injuries must now appear in court and face higher fines rather than being allowed to pay a fine without a prosecutor’s involvement. In partnership with the City’s Mobility Management Center, leading pedestrian intervals (LPIs) were installed in downtown Austin. LPIs provide pedestrians a head start to begin crossing an intersection before drivers receive a green light. 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Plans and Reports The 2021 Vision Zero Update details progress made in 2019-2020 and efforts moving forward in 2021 The Austin Strategic Mobility Plan - Chapter 1: Prioritizing our Safety, Chapter 7: Implementing our Plan (Action Tables) The 2018 Pedestrian Safety Action Plan provides a comprehensive strategy for addressing pedestrian safety. The 2016-2018 Vision Zero Action Plan outlines our ambitious strategy toward achieving our goal of eliminating traffic deaths and serious injuries.
0.981008	U.S. Patent: 6126796 - Electrolytic cell and method for the production of acid water - October 3, 2000 Back to EveryPatent.com United States Patent 6,126,796 Shimamune , et al. October 3, 2000 Electrolytic cell and method for the production of acid water Abstract An electrolytic cell for the production of acid water which performs simple operation to produce acid water without complicated control over the concentration of hydrochloric acid to be added or precipitation of alkaline earth metal salts, which are disadvantages of the prior art electrolysis for the production of acid water. An electrolytic cell for the production of acid water, which comprises a power supply for applying a voltage across an anode chamber and a cathode chamber partitioned by an ion-exchange membrane. The anode in the anode chamber is disposed in close contact with the ion-exchange membrane. The electrolytic cell further comprises means for supplying an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and water to the cathode chamber and the anode chamber, respectively. Hydrochloric acid is not directly added to the anode chamber but indirectly added to the anode chamber by diffusing through the ion-exchange membrane. In this manner, hydrochloric acid is uniformly dispersed into the anode chamber by diffusing through the ion-exchange membrane. Thus, the need for controlling concentration is eliminated. Furthermore, because both the catholyte and anolyte are kept acidic, no precipitation of metal salts occurs. Inventors: Shimamune; Takayuki (Tokyo, JP); Tanaka; Masashi (Kanagawa, JP); Nakajima; Yasuo (Tokyo, JP); Nishiki; Yoshinori (Kanagawa, JP) Assignee: Permelec Electrode Ltd. (Kanagawa, JP) Appl. No.: 081059 Filed: May 19, 1998 Foreign Application Priority Data May 19, 1997[JP] 9-144675 Current U.S. Class: 204/263 Intern'l Class: C02F 001/461 Field of Search: 264/263 References Cited U.S. Patent Documents 4626327 Dec., 1986 McCarthy et al. 204/263. 4767511 Aug., 1988 Aragon 204/263. 5965009 Oct., 1999 Shimamune et al. 204/263. Primary Examiner: Phasge; Arun S. Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Mion, Zinn, Macpeak & Seas, PLLC Claims What is claimed is: 1. An electrolytic cell for the production of acid water, which comprises an ion-exchange membrane partitioning the electrolytic cell into a cathode chamber containing a cathode and an anode chamber containing an anode disposed in close contact with said ion-exchange membrane, a power supply for applying a voltage across the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, a catholyte reserve tank for supplying an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to said cathode chamber, means for supplying water to said anode chamber, means for withdrawing catholyte from the cathode chamber, a vapor-liquid separator for separating withdrawn catholyte into an electrolytic solution and a gas, and means for recycling the electrolytic solution to the catholyte reserve tank. 2. The electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to claim 1, wherein said ion-exchange membrane comprises an anion-exchange membrane. 3. The electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to claim 1, further comprising means for withdrawing anolyte from the anode chamber, and a pH controller for monitoring the pH of the withdrawn anolyte and adjusting the pH of the anolyte by adding additional acid to said cathode chamber. 4. The electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to claim 3, comprising means for increasing the hydrochloric acid concentration of the catholyte. 5. The electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to claim 1, further comprising means for maintaining a constant amount of catholyte in said cathode chamber. 6. The electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to claim 5, comprising means for recycling excess catholyte to said anode chamber. 7. An electrolytic cell for the production of acid water, which comprises an anion-exchange membrane partitioning the electrolytic cell into a cathode chamber containing a cathode and an anode chamber containing an anode disposed in close contact with said anion-exchange membrane, a power supply for applying a voltage across the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, a catholyte reserve tank for supplying an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to said cathode chamber, means for supplying water to said anode chamber, means for withdrawing catholyte from the cathode chamber, a vapor-liquid separator for separating withdrawn catholyte into an electrolytic solution and a gas, means for recycling the electrolytic solution to the catholyte reserve tank, means for withdrawing anolyte from the anode chamber, and a pH controller for monitoring the pH of the withdrawn anolyte and adjusting the pH of the anolyte by adding additional acid to said cathode chamber. 8. An electrolytic cell for the production of acid water, which comprises a cation-exchange membrane partitioning the electrolytic cell into a cathode chamber containing a cathode and an anode chamber containing an anode disposed in close contact with said cation-exchange membrane, a power supply for applying a voltage across the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, a catholyte reserve tank for supplying an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to said cathode chamber, means for adding an acid to said anode chamber, means for supplying water to said anode chamber means for withdrawing catholyte from the cathode chamber, a vapor-liquid separator for separating withdrawn catholyte into an electrolytic solution and a gas, and means for recycling the electrolytic solution to the catholyte reserve tank. 9. The electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to claim 8, further comprising means for withdrawing anolyte from the anode chamber, and a pH controller for monitoring the pH of the withdrawn anolyte and adjusting the pH of the anolyte by adding aqueous hydrochloric acid solution to the anode chamber from said catholyte reserve tank. Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell for the production of a high purity acid water free of metallic contaminants. The high purity acid water is useful in disinfection or sterilization, or for cleaning electronic apparatus such as semiconductors and liquid crystals. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recently, a technique has been proposed for electrolyzing water comprising a salt containing a slight amount of chlorine, e.g., sodium chloride or ammonium chloride, to obtain an oxidizing electrolytic solution having an extremely high oxidation-reduction potential. This electrolytic solution is known to exhibit very strong bactericidal and disinfectant activities, as well as cleaning activity and grain cohesion activity. Furthermore, the electrolytic solution which has been used for these purposes contains chloride ion only in almost the same concentration as ordinary tap water, and thus can be discharged as such without causing secondary pollution. Therefore, this electrolytic solution has recently found wide application, e.g., in hospital lavatories, in the cleaning of precision machines, and in the cleaning of semiconductors or liquid crystals. A so-called strongly acidic water is required instead of mere acid water depending on the intended application of the acid water. Strongly acidic water is water or an aqueous solution having a pH value of not more than 3 and an ORP of not less than 1,000 mV. It is relatively easy to electrolytically produce an electrolytic solution having an ORP of not less than 1,000 mV. However, it is relatively difficult to electrolytically produce an electrolytic solution having a pH value of not more than 3. For example, the production of strongly acidic water by the electrolysis of an electrolytic solution containing chloride ion requires a reduction in pH by electrolysis by hundreds of times that required for producing hypochlorous acid by oxidizing chloride ion. In other words, when a solution of a neutral salt such as a chloride is electrolyzed, the ORP of the electrolytic solution thus obtained is determined by the concentration of hypochlorous acid. The concentration of hypochlorous acid may be from about 1 to 5 ppm. If the concentration of hypochlorous acid exceeds the above defined range, chlorine gas is produced. Assuming that the current efficiency for producing chlorine gas is about 10%, the acidity of the electrolytic solution thus produced is not sufficient as represented by a pH of from 4 to 5. This is due to hydrochloric acid produced by the disproportionation reaction Cl.sub.2 +H.sub.2 O.fwdarw.HCl+HClO and hydrogen ion produced by the decomposition of water H.sub.2 O.fwdarw.H.sup.+ +OH.sup.- (cathode). In order to attain the desired pH value of 3 or lower, extra water electrolysis which neglects the current efficiency of chlorine production is required. Thus, extra electrolysis is required taking into account the chloride ion concentration. This problem is no longer being studied and has been avoided by increasing the scale of electrolysis. However, raw water having an extremely low electric conductivity such as pure water and ultrapure water is required for semiconductor manufacturing. This requires a further increase in electric power. Furthermore, because prior art electrolytic systems had a small current density, a large electrode surface area was required. Because this electrode contacts the electrolytic solution, it is likely that the electrode component, which is a metal, further contaminates the system. This in turn contaminates the product solution by metallic components, which are the most undesirable type of contaminant. In order to solve these problems, the present inventors proposed an electrolytic process which comprises applying a voltage across an anode and a cathode disposed in close contact with an ion-exchange membrane as a diaphragm such that the ion-exchange membrane acts as a solid electrolyte. In accordance with this electrolytic process, even if the current density is raised about ten times, e.g., to not less than 10 A/dm.sup.2, the required electrolytic voltage can be kept at a few volts. This makes it possible to effect electrolysis at a far lower voltage than in the prior art. Furthermore, the increase in current density makes it possible to reduce the required number of electrodes and hence reduce the size of the apparatus. In accordance with this process, electrolysis with the addition of a slight amount of an acid or salt makes it possible to obtain an acidic water having a high ORP, namely acid water from the anode chamber. Although these conditions are useful for producing acid water for cleaning or bactericidal use, even further water electrolysis is required to lower the pH value of the acid water thus produced. Thus, the total required amount of electrolytic current remains much the same as in the prior art. Because the required electrolysis is excessive, contamination can easily occur. Even if this system can provide satisfactory properties at present, further improvements are needed when even more precise conditions are required. Furthermore, this system is disadvantageous in that it takes too long to make adjustments during the dissolution of sodium chloride or the like in the anolyte. In other words, if sodium chloride is excessively added to the anolyte, the properties of the electrolytic solution can change and the excess sodium chloride or other salts can cause contamination. On the contrary, if sodium chloride or other salts are insufficiently added to the anolyte, the desired properties can hardly be obtained. In order to obtain the desired properties, prolonged electrolysis is required. The present inventors also proposed a process of electrolysis in which an acidic chloride is supplied to the anode chamber. This process solves many prior art problems and reduces the size of the electrolytic cell. This proposal further makes it possible to reduce the required electric current to not more than 1/100 of the prior art systems. However, this process requires the addition of a chemical liquid such as hydrochloric acid having a controlled concentration to the anode chamber. This is disadvantageous in that it is necessary to uniformly diffuse a very dilute hydrochloric acid solution or the like throughout the anolyte, thus requiring a complicated control mechanism. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electrolytic cell and method for the production of acid water which can provide better handleability and maintenance as compared to prior art systems. The foregoing object of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and Examples. The above object of the present invention is achieved by providing an electrolytic cell for the production of acid water, which comprises an ion-exchange membrane partitioning the electrolytic cell into a cathode chamber containing a cathode and an anode chamber containing an anode disposed in close contact with said ion-exchange membrane, a power supply for applying a voltage across the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, means for supplying an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to said cathode chamber, and means for supplying water to said anode chamber. The above object of the present invention is also achieved by providing an electrolysis method for producing acid water using an electrolytic cell which comprises an ion-exchange membrane partitioning the electrolytic cell into a cathode chamber containing a cathode and an anode chamber containing an anode disposed in close contact with said ion-exchange membrane, which method comprises applying a voltage across the anode chamber and the cathode chamber while supplying an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to said cathode chamber and supplying water to said anode chamber, and recovering an oxidizing acid water containing hypochlorous acid from said anode chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS By way of example and to make the description more clear, reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to the present invention, wherein the reference numerals 1, 1' each indicate an electrolytic cell main body, the reference numeral 2 indicates an anion exchange membrane, the reference numeral 2' indicates a cation exchange membrane, the reference numeral 3 indicates an anode chamber, the reference numeral 4 indicates a cathode chamber, the reference numeral 5 indicates an anode, the reference numeral 6 indicates a cathode, the reference numeral 7 indicates a valve, the reference numeral 8 indicates a flowmeter, the reference numeral 9 indicates a catholyte reserve tank, the reference numeral 10 indicates a pump, the reference numeral 11 indicates a pH controller, the reference numeral 12 indicates a vapor-liquid separator, and the reference numeral 13 indicates a constant delivery pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be further described below. In the present invention, an acidifying chemical liquid such as hydrochloric acid is added to the catholyte instead of the anolyte as effected in the prior art so that it is indirectly added to the anolyte by diffusing through an ion-exchange membrane. This eliminates the necessity of complicated control over the concentration of the chemical liquid, thus making it possible to disperse the chemical liquid more uniformly in the anolyte. The anolyte supplied to the anode chamber may be raw water such as city water, pure water and ultrapure water free of additives depending on the intended use of the anodized acid water thus obtained. Accordingly, no control is required over the concentration of additives that are to be added to the anolyte. Chloride ion, acid for lowering pH and other ingredients which are essential in the oxidizing anodized acid water are supplied from the cathode chamber through an ion-exchange membrane. This supply involves diffusion through the ion-exchange membrane. Such supply provides extremely good dispersion that makes it possible to supply the foregoing essential ingredients into the anolyte uniformly and without causing even a temporary concentration gradient. In other words, the supply of chloride ion and other ingredients to the anode chamber through the ion-exchange membrane and uniform dissolution of these ingredients in the anolyte can be realized much more easily than by directly dissolving hydrochloric acid and other ingredients in the anolyte. This is in contrast to the prior art where only an extremely low concentration of such ingredients can be directly added to the anode chamber. Furthermore, chloride ion and other ingredients which have passed to the anode chamber through the ion-exchange membrane from the cathode side are selectively used at the anode chamber side of the ion-exchange membrane for producing hypochlorous acid by electrolytic oxidation which causes an increase in ORP. Thus, unlike a conventional apparatus, the apparatus of the present invention is subject to production of chlorine gas only to a small extent. Moreover, various ingredients and impurities in the hydrochloric acid which have been added to the cathode chamber are subject to selection through the ion-exchange membrane and by action of the electrolytic field. This makes it possible to prevent metallic ions undesirable for cleaning of electronic parts such as semiconductors from entering into the anode chamber. Various members constituting the electrolytic cell for the production of acid water of the present invention will be described hereinafter. As described above, the ion-exchange membrane which partitions the electrolytic cell into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber allows for appropriate permeation of additives contained in the catholyte, typically chloride ion and hydrogen ion constituting hydrochloric acid, through the ion-exchange membrane and into the anode chamber at a constant rate. The ion-exchange membrane is selected depending on other electrolytic conditions and the desired acid water. The ion-exchange membrane may either be an anion-exchange membrane or a cation-exchange membrane. The ion-exchange membrane for use herein may be selected from membranes permeable to acid and chloride ion taking into account the foregoing electrolytic conditions such as hydrochloric acid concentration at the cathode side. Furthermore, hypochlorous acid ion, which is a strong oxidizer, is produced at the anode in the vicinity of the ion-exchange membrane. Therefore, a fluororesin-based ion-exchange membrane having strong resistance to oxidizing agents is desirable. However, a fluororesin-based ion-exchange membrane can hardly function as an anion-exchange membrane. In this case, the foregoing anion-exchange membrane may be overlapped with a fluororesin-based cation-exchange membrane resistant to oxidation, or may be coated with a fluororesin-based ion-exchange membrane at the anode side thereof to inhibit oxidation. The ion-exchange member is arranged in the electrolytic cell as a diaphragm. An anode is disposed in close contact with the ion-exchange membrane at the anode chamber side thereof. In this arrangement, the ion-exchange membrane substantially functions as a solid electrolyte. For example, this arrangement allows the passage of current in an amount as large as 10 A/dm.sup.2, and makes it possible to stably maintain the electrolytic voltage at an extremely low value. Furthermore, the apparatus of the present invention employs as an anolyte tap water, de-ionized water or ultrapure water containing little or no electrolyte. Even if such an electrolytic solution having a low electric conductivity is used, it has little or no impact on the effectiveness of the apparatus because the ion-exchange membrane acts as a solid electrolyte. Furthermore, because the electrolyte as an additive passes through the ion-exchange membrane from the cathode chamber to reach the anode chamber, the electrolyte concentration is greatest at the surface of the ion-exchange membrane. This makes it possible to maintain the current efficiency at a high value. The anode material is not specifically limited so long as it is acid-resistant. Known electrode materials, e.g., platinum-plated titanium, may be used. If contamination by materials eluted from the electrode is undesirable, the use of a dimensionally stable electrode (DSE) comprising a titanium substrate coated with an iridium oxide-based material which has little tendency to elute is effective. With regard to the form of the titanium substrate, an expanded mesh-like, perforated plate-like or porous sintered titanium is preferably used to allow thorough permeation of liquids and the electrolysis product. The cathode may be disposed at some distance from the ion-exchange membrane as in the prior art because the catholyte contains sufficient electrolytes and therefore has a high electric conductivity. In practice, however, the cathode is preferably disposed in close contact with the ion-exchange membrane as in the case of the anode for the purpose of lowering the required applied voltage. The cathode material is not specifically limited. In practice, however, it can be selected from the group consisting of materials having sufficient resistance to hydrochloric acid, e.g., metals belonging to the platinum group such as platinum and palladium and gold, taking into account the fact that it is dipped in an electrolyte mainly composed of hydrochloric acid, though at a relatively low temperature. Such noble metals may be worked into a fine wire which is knitted into a net. Although noble metals are expensive, they can be knitted into a net that provides an electrode having a large surface area for a small amount of material. Besides these noble metals, carbon such as graphite which has heretofore been used may be used as a cathode material. However, because carbon tends to break as it is used, carbon cathode materials are preferably impregnated with a fluororesin or otherwise treated to inhibit this phenomenon. Besides carbon, a corrosion-resistant metal such as titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and alloys thereof, or a nickel chrome alloy such as Hastelloy may be used. If the acid water thus produced needs to have a particularly high purity, e.g., for the cleaning of electronic parts, noble metals or carbon, which are hardly eluted, are desired among these cathode materials. If an electrolytic cell for the production of acid water of the present invention having the foregoing constitution is used to produce acid water, it is energized while the cathode chamber is being supplied with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and the anode chamber is being supplied with raw water such as tap water, deionized water or ultrapure water depending on the intended purpose. The hydrochloric acid concentration is not specifically limited but is preferably from 10 to 15 wt %. If the hydrochloric acid concentration falls below 10 wt %, the volume that must be supplied is too great. On the contrary, if the hydrochloric acid concentration exceeds 15 wt %, the aqueous solution has a hydrochloric acid concentration that is difficult to handle. Depending on the kind of the ion-exchange membrane that is used, as electrolysis continues, electric charge normally transports while mobile water transports from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. This causes an increase in the amount of liquid in the cathode chamber. However, the transport water is extremely slight as compared with the amount of the anolyte. Therefore, even if the transport water is returned to the anolyte, it has little or no effect on the quality of acid water produced in the anode chamber. The production of acid water will be further described hereinafter. For example, if acid water for ordinary disinfection is to be produced at a rate of 3 l/min, electrolysis can be effected with a Nafion 117, which is a fluororesin-based cation exchange membrane, as an ion-exchange membrane. A 10 wt % aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is circulated as a catholyte through the cathode chamber, and tap water is passed through the anode chamber at a rate of about 3 l/min. The amount of electric current required to provide an ORP of not lower than 1,000 mV is from 10 to 20 A. The electrolytic voltage required for electrolysis at a current density of 10 A/dm.sup.2 with a mesh woven from platinum wire pressed against both sides of the ion-exchange membrane as a cathode and an anode, respectively, is from 4 to 5 V. Thus, the consumed power is from 40 to 100 W. The required electrode surface area may be from 100 to 200 cm.sup.2. Under these conditions, the ORP and pH values of the acid water thus produced is from 1,000 to 1,100 mV and from 2.5 to 3, respectively. The transport of water is about two molecules per unit electric charge or about 25 ml per hour, namely, about 0.1% per 180 l (=3 (l/min).times.60 min.) of raw water, which is almost negligible. Even if purity is taken into account, this amount can be treated as overflow. In order to control the pH, the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid as a catholyte may be partially passed to the anode chamber. The current density can easily be raised from the above defined value, namely, 10 A/dm.sup.2. However, the migration of acid from the cathode chamber to the anode chamber is insufficient at such a high current density, thus making it difficult to sufficiently lower the pH value. In that case, the desired object can be accomplished by properly selecting the kind of ion-exchange membrane (e.g., using an anion exchange membrane having a low ion exchange capacity). The prior art electrolytic cell for the production of acid water produces alkaline in the cathode chamber and is disadvantageous in that an alkaline earth metal salt and other salts are deposited on the surface of the diaphragm and cathode. On the other hand, the electrolytic cell according to the present invention is kept entirely acidic and thus causes no precipitation. FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to the present invention. An electrolytic cell main body 1 is partitioned by an anion exchange membrane 2 as a diaphragm into an anode chamber 3 and a cathode chamber 4. An anode 5 made of platinum-plated titanium or the like is disposed in close contact with the anion exchange membrane 2 on the anode chamber side thereof, while a cathode 6 woven out of fine platinum wire is disposed in close contact with the anion exchange membrane 2 on the cathode chamber side thereof. Ultrapure water as raw water is supplied to the anode chamber 3 at a flow rate set by a valve 7 and a flowmeter 8. An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid which has been stored in a catholyte reserve tank 9 is supplied to the cathode chamber 4 by the action of a pump 10. A voltage is applied across the anode 5 and the cathode 6 to effect electrolysis. The hydrochloric acid which has been supplied to the cathode chamber 4 permeates through the ion-exchange membrane 2 as chloride ion to reach the anode chamber 3 where it is then anodized mainly on the surface of the anode 5 which contacts the ion-exchange membrane 2 to produce hypochlorous acid ion that raises the ORP. This hypochlorous ion and unoxidized chloride ion are spontaneously diffused all over the anolyte to obtain a uniform anolyte. On the other hand, hydrogen ion derived from hydrochloric acid in the cathode chamber 4 permeates through the ion-exchange membrane 2 to reach the anode chamber 3 where it contributes to a decrease in pH to produce a strongly acidic water. The strongly acidic water thus produced is output from the anode 3 through a pipe running from the top of the anode 3. The pH value of the strongly acidic water is detected by a pH controller 11 connected to the pipe. When the pH value thus detected shows an insufficient decrease, the hydrochloric acid concentration in the cathode chamber is raised or an acid is added to the cathode chamber to provide a strongly acidic water having the desired pH value. The cathode chamber contains a catholyte having a hydrochloric acid concentration that is reduced by electrolysis and hydrogen gas. A mixture of these components is withdrawn from the cathode chamber 4 through a pipe running from the top of the cathode chamber 4, and then separated by a vapor-liquid separator 12 into hydrogen and an electrolytic solution which is then recycled to the catholyte reserve tank 9. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to the present invention. The apparatus of FIG. 2 is an improvement of the apparatus of FIG. 1. Like numerals are used for like members in FIGS. 1 and 2. The description is omitted where the members are the same as those of FIG. 1. An electrolytic cell main body 1' employs as a diaphragm a cation exchange member 2' through which chloride ion as an anion can hardly permeate. Accordingly, if the structure of FIG. 1 is used, chloride ion in the cathode chamber can hardly migrate to the anode chamber, thus inhibiting the production of acid water. In the electrolytic cell of FIG. 2, the pH value of acid water that is produced is detected by a pH controller 11. When the pH value thus detected shows an insufficient decrease, an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid from the catholyte reserve tank 9 is supplied to the pipe for supplying raw water to the anode chamber 3 by the action of a constant delivery pump 13 to make up for the deficiency of hydrochloric acid during electrolysis. In this manner, almost the same effect as exerted by the electrolytic cell of FIG. 1 can be obtained. Examples of the production of acid water by the electrolytic cell according to the present invention will be described hereinafter, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. EXAMPLE 1 Selemion (produced by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) was selected as an ion-exchange membrane. The anion exchange membrane was coated with a Nafion solution, which forms a fluorinic ion-exchange resin membrane, on the anode side thereof to enhance its acid resistance. The anion exchange membrane was installed in a 70 mm diameter circular titanium electrolytic cell to provide a two-chamber electrolytic cell. An insoluble metal electrode comprising a 0.2 mm thick expanded titanium mesh coated with a composite oxide of iridium oxide and tantalum oxide was used as an anode. The anode was disposed in close contact with the anion exchange membrane on the anode chamber side thereof. A sintered product of a long titanium fiber was used as an anode collector. The anode collector was connected to the anode. A sintered product of a long titanium fiber was used as such as a cathode. The cathode was disposed in close contact with the ion-exchange membrane in a position corresponding to the anode. Mounted in the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell were an electrolytic solution introducing pipe through which an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is introduced from the catholyte reserve tank into the cathode chamber by the action of an electromagnetic pump, and a pipe through which the mixture of an electrolytic solution and produced gas is withdrawn. A vapor-liquid separator was connected to the latter pipe. The pipe was connected to the catholyte reserve tank via the vapor-liquid separator. Connected to the anode side of the electrolytic cell via a flowmeter and an electromagnetic valve was a tap water pipe through which tap water as raw water is supplied to the anode chamber at a maximum flow rate of 3 l/min when switched on. Disposed at the output side of the anode chamber was a pipe for withdrawing an electrolytic solution. Connected to the pipe was a pH controller for monitoring the pH value of the withdrawn electrolyte. Electrolysis was effected at a current of 5 A, while a 10 wt % aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid was being recycled as a catholyte and tap water was flowing as an anolyte at a flow rate of 2 l/min. The water temperature was 25.degree. C. The electrolytic voltage was stabilized at about 4.2 V. In this manner, acid water having a pH value of from 2.8 to 3.0 and an ORP of from 1,000 to 1,100 mV was produced as an anolyte at a rate of 2 l/min. The anolyte thus produced had a hypochlorous acid concentration of from 2.5 to 3.2 ppm. Electrolysis was continuously effected for 12 hours. As a result, no precipitation was observed in the electrolytic cell. Furthermore, the catholyte reserve tank exhibited a slight rise in liquid level due to the transport of water through the ion-exchange membrane. The increased amount of water was transferred to the anodized acid water to keep the catholyte level constant. Even if hydrochloric acid is added to the acid water, it has no adverse effect on the pH value of the anolyte because a large amount of anolyte is used. EXAMPLE 2 Electrolysis was effected in the same electrolytic cell as used in Example 1 and in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Nafion 117 was used as the ion-exchange membrane (cation exchange membrane produced by Du Pont) and an expanded zirconium mesh as a cathode was disposed at a distance of 1 mm from the ion-exchange membrane. The distance between the ion-exchange membrane and the cathode was adjusted by interposing a fluororesin mesh therebetween. In the present example using a cation exchange membrane, where hydrochloric acid is diffused into the anode side to a lesser extent than with an anion exchange membrane, catholyte was transferred to the anode chamber by the action of a constant delivery pump operating in response to operation of the pH controller. Electrolysis was effected under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, the electrolytic voltage was from 5.5 to 6 V. At the anode side, a strongly acidic water having a pH value of from 2.7 to 3.0 and an ORP of from 1,000 to 1,100 mV was produced at a rate of 2 l/min. Electrolysis was continuously effected for 12 hours. As a result, no precipitation was observed in the electrolytic cell. The catholyte concentration exhibited little or no change even after continuous operation. The loss of catholyte concentration was made up for by the addition of hydrochloric acid having a concentration of from 11 to 12 wt % to keep the electrolysis stable. The present invention concerns an electrolytic cell for the production of acid water, which performs electrolysis by applying a voltage across an anode chamber and a cathode chamber partitioned by an ion-exchange membrane. The anode of the anode chamber is in close contact with the ion-exchange member. An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and water are supplied to the cathode chamber and the anode chamber, respectively, to produce an oxidizing acid water containing hypochlorous acid in the anode chamber. In the present invention, hydrochloric acid used in the production of acid water is not directly added to the anolyte, but is added to the catholyte from which it is then indirectly added to the anode chamber by diffusing through an ion-exchange membrane used as a diaphragm. Accordingly, this arrangement eliminates the complicated procedure of calculating the amount of hydrochloric acid to be added to the anolyte, which addition must be carefully made to prevent the generation of a concentration gradient. Thus, by only using an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid as a catholyte, the desired acid water can be obtained. Furthermore, chloride ion and other ingredients which reach the anode chamber from the cathode chamber are spontaneously diffused all over the anolyte. Thus, no concentration gradient occurs even momentarily, making it extremely easy to obtain acid water having a uniform concentration. Moreover, the anolyte and the catholyte of the electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to the present invention are invariably kept acidic. Therefore, the electrolytic cell for the production of acid water according to the present invention is not liable to precipitate alkaline earth metal salts under alkaline conditions, which is a great problem with similar apparatus of the prior art. Thus, countermeasures against precipitation are not required. The ion-exchange membrane for use in the present invention is preferably an anion exchange membrane. The use of such an anion exchange membrane allows smooth migration of chloride ion from the cathode chamber to the anode chamber. While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
0.999013	HIV care coverage among HIV-positive adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: Results from the HERStory Study \| Mathews \| South African Medical Journal User Username Password Remember me Impact factor: 1.500 Journal Content Search All Authors Title Abstract Index terms Full Text Browse By Issue By Author By Title SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Events \| Careers \| CPD Open access policy Article Tools Print this article How to cite item Email this article (Login required) Email the author (Login required) Translate article CURRENT ISSUE Popular Articles » The impact of routine pulse oximetry use on outcomes in COVID-19-infected patients at increased risk of severe disease: A retrospective cohort analysis » COVID-19: ‘A pandemic of the unvaccinated’? – compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals in South Africa » Clinical aspects and outcomes of patients with malaria at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital,Johannesburg, South Africa » Understanding the differential impacts of COVID-19 among hospitalised patients in South Africa for equitable response » Determining the prevalence of tuberculosis in emergency departments in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa and the utility of the World Health Organization tuberculosis screening tool Keywords AIDS Africa Antibiotic resistance Book review Children Epidemiology Ethics Guidelines HIV HIV/AIDS Influenza Malaria Mental health National Health Insurance South Africa Stroke Trauma Tuberculosis children epidemiology pregnancy Focus and scope Editorial team Submit an article Receive notifications Support Contact Home About Register Search Issues Author Reviewer CPD Journals Announcements Home > Vol 111, No 5 (2021) > Mathews Research HIV care coverage among HIV-positive adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: Results from the HERStory Study C Mathews, M Cheyip, R Beauclair, A Puren, C Lombard, K Jonas, K A Ayalew, D Govindasamy, C Kuo, J Dietrich, F Abdullah, G Gray Abstract Background. Health service coverage cascades measure the proportion of a population in need of a service that experienced a positive health outcome from the service, and enable tracking of progress in achieving universal health coverage and inequities in care coverage. Objectives. To investigate HIV care coverage among HIV-positive adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living in six South African districts, compare coverage by age and socioeconomic status (SES), and investigate other associated factors including participation in a combination HIV prevention intervention. Methods. The HERStory Study was an evaluation of the combination intervention, comprising a representative household survey of AGYW aged 15 - 24 years living in six intervention districts. From September 2017 to November 2018, biological, sociodemographic and behavioural data were collected. HIV-positive status, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression were determined through laboratory tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV antibodies, antiretroviral (ARV) metabolites and viral load (VL) testing). Viral suppression was defined as a VL <1 000 copies/mL. Knowledge of HIV-positive status was self-reported, and participants testing positive for ARV metabolites were assumed to have known their HIV-positive status. Unconditional HIV care cascades were created, stratified by age and SES. We used Pearson’s χ2 tests corrected for survey-based analysis to describe factors associated with knowledge of HIV status, and being on ART. Results. Of the 4 399 participants, 568 were HIV-positive (12.4%), of whom 60.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.1 - 64.5) knew their status, 50.6% (95% CI 46.6 - 54.0) were on ART, and 62.1% (95% CI 58.4 - 65.9) were virally suppressed. Most participants (84.9%) were in the lower SES group, and they had better coverage than the higher SES group: 61.9% (95% CI 58.3 - 65.4) knew their status, 52.1% (95% CI 48.4 - 55.9) were on ART, and 64.9% (95% CI 61.3 - 68.4) were virally suppressed, compared with 55.0% (95% CI 42.1 - 68.0), 40.0% (95% CI 29.2 - 50.8), and 46.6% (95% CI 34.5 - 58.7), respectively. Participants aged 15 - 19 years had slightly inferior coverage to the 20 - 24-year-old group: 57.5% knew their status, 46.1% were on ART and 59.5% were virally suppressed, compared with 62.3%, 52.2% and 63.3%. Conclusions. These findings emphasise the need to close the gaps in HIV care coverage among AGYW, of whom only 61% knew their HIV-positive status and only 62% were virally suppressed. There is pro-poor inequality in HIV care coverage, with those in lower socioeconomic groups more likely to be virally suppressed. Authors' affiliations C Mathews, Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa M Cheyip, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa R Beauclair, South African Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa A Puren, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa C Lombard, Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa K Jonas, Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa K A Ayalew, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa D Govindasamy, Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa C Kuo, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa J Dietrich, Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa F Abdullah, Office of AIDS and TB Research, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa G Gray, Office of the President, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa Full Text PDF (1586KB) Keywords HIV treatment; Adolescent girls; Young women; Care coverage Cite this article South African Medical Journal 2021;111(5):460-468. DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2021.v111i5.15351 Article History Date submitted: 2021-04-30 Date published: 2021-04-30 Article Views Abstract views: 619 Full text views: 308 Comments on this article *Read our policy for posting comments here The South African Medical Journal \| Online ISSN: 2078-5135 \| Print ISSN: 0256-9574 \| © 2014 Health & Medical Publishing Group This journal is protected by a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial Works License (CC BY-NC 4.0) \| Read our privacy policy. Our Journals: South African Medical Journal \| African Journal of Health Professions Education \| South African Journal of Bioethics and Law \| South African Journal of Child Health \| Southern African Journal of Critical Care \| South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \|
0.999998	Write a letter to your elected officials introducing yourself and your business. Be sure to mention your impact on your local community. Important Bills Federal - S 3533 A bill authorize and establish minimum standards for electronic and remote notarizations that occur in or affect interstate commerce, to require any Federal court located in a State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce, and to require any State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce or when the notarization was performed under or relates to a public act, record, or judicial proceeding of the State in which the notary public was commissioned. Federal - HR 6364 A bill to authorize and establish minimum standards for electronic and remote notarizations that occur in or affect interstate commerce, to require any Federal court located in a State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce, and to require any State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce or when the notarization was performed under or relates to a public act, record, or judicial proceeding of the State in which the notary public was commissioned. Federal - S 1463 A bill to establish a scorekeeping rule to ensure that increases in guarantee fees of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac shall not be used to offset provisions that increase the deficit. Federal - HR 5931 A bill to require a review of the effects of FHA mortgage insurance policies, practices, and products on small-dollar mortgage lending, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 4351 A bill to require certain grantees under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to submit a plan to track discriminatory land use policies, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 5055 A bill to amend the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 to prohibit the use of guarantee fees as offsets. Federal - S 540 A bill to provide minimum standards for transactions secured by a dwelling, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 2445 A bill to provide minimum standards for transactions secured by a dwelling, and for other purposes. Federal - HR 2210 A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal certain provisions applicable to foreign investment in United States real property. Find Your Elected Officials Go By responding to a Call to Action alert from MAA, opening an email from MAA, registering for an MBA conference or contributing to MBA’s political action committee (MORPAC), you are agreeing to renew your membership in MAA for one year (365 days) from the date of your action. Please note that you may terminate your membership at any time by emailing [email protected]. There are no membership dues.
0.958872	Records from this Royal British Legion centenary project may include personal stories and, occassionally, images Know of other online sources, including stories and images, connected to this person? Submit additional links Possible matches The following sources have potential matches based on the name and other information associated with this record. They may or may not be connected to this person but are provided for your further research War Diaries 4 suggestions The regimental War Diaries are held at The UK National Archives and as of April 2020 have been made available for free download. They are the official unit war diaries for the British Army that contain records of daily activities, including casualties. They are not personal diaries. you will need to register for an account and login to get access to the downloads. When following the link from any record be sure to make a note of the page number. You will then have to download the full diary in pdf format and search for the respective page and hence entry. Name: C J Gilbert Context: joined Date: 31 Aug 1918 Diary: 1 CAVALRY DIVISION: 5 Dragoon Guards (page 323) Name: Lieutenant C J Gilbert Context: other Date: 31 Aug 1918 Diary: 1 CAVALRY DIVISION: 5 Dragoon Guards (page 334) Name: Second Lieutenant G S Gilbert Context: other Date: 31 Aug 1918 Diary: 1 CAVALRY DIVISION: 5 Dragoon Guards (page 334) Name: Lieutenant C J Gilbert Context: joined Date: 31 Aug 1918 Diary: 1 CAVALRY DIVISION: 5 Dragoon Guards (page 323) × About this map About Whilst this personal project is just an attempt to explore the local legacy of the First World War, but at a global scale, it has struck me that it is much more than that. At the heart of it is the legacy of those who died in the conflict, and especially the scale of the imapct that that would have had on their local communities, it would also never have been possible without the significant legacy created by those who remained, from the families who sent in photographs of their loved ones and which formed the Imperial War Museum's founding Bond of Sacrifice Collection, through the people who diligently compiled official records in the early 1920s and which formed the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's records, right up to the modern-day professionals, volounteers and individuals who have shaped these records, shared them, and also significantly increased and enriched them, especially under the guise of First World War Centenary projects like Lives of the First World War Data and Sources This project simply wouldn't exist without the core assets that it draws on. It currently contains nearly 500,000 location records for 410,000 men and women who died whilst serving in the First World War. Lives of the First World War - IWM's unique project enabling everyone to share their information, stories and images to compile Life Stories "on nearly 8 million men and women who served in uniform and worked on the home front". Commonwealth War Graves Commission - a unique online collection of the details of every serviceman or woman. Many of the locations here are extracted from what they call the 'Additional information' field, which typically contains text such as "Son of Samuel and Sarah Morley, of Derby; husband of F. M. Morley, of 113, Peel St., Ashbourne Rd., Derby.". Note that this information was collected sevral years after the end of the war and it does not necessarily represent an address that the person had lived at. Imperial War Museums Collections - one of the richest collections of First World War objects and images, most notably in this context the Bond of Sacrifice Collection and the Women's War Work Collection, togther comprising images of nearly 20,000 individuals who served War Memorial Register - another unique record from the Imperial War Museum, comprising records of over 78,000 memorials in the British Isles, together with listings of over one million names that appear on them. With specific regards to the images, these are from one of three sources - the incredible Bond of Sacrifice Collection, the Women's War Work Collection (both Imperial War Museums), or uploaded by volunteers and individuals to the Lives of the First World War site (which itself is run by IWM). I am grateful to them for making all these available under a non-commercial license. Additional credits for the software and mapping resources that this is built on Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Leaflet, the powerful open-source JavaScript library for mobile-friendly interactive maps. Contributing records, reporting errors The data currently presented has all been extracted from official records or from user contributions to the Lives of the First World War site. I would strongly encourage anyone who wants to add further details to find the Life Story of the person and add details there, which can then in future be added to this site The inherrent nature of historic records and using modern automated tools to extract information means there are bound to be issues. I will shortly be adding a 'report error' link to each record that can be used to flag an issue and will be queued up ready to be investigated and fixed. I'm afraid as this is a personal project created in my own time, I cannot respond to individual requests right now. Contact For information, questions and bug reports please contact James Morley @jamesinealing \| [email protected] Close × Share Link to this page: Close × Submit a link to add to this profile Note that all submissions must include a link to a public web page. This is because A Street Near You aggregates and makes discoverable hundreds of thousands of online resources relating to those who died in the First World War, but as a personal project with no funding it cannot provide facilities for the upload of images or additional contributions. If the information you want to include is not currently online you can use external services like Medium, Flickr, Twitter etc. Alternatively contact somewhere like a local history society or set up a Wordpress blog Link Enter a full link for a public webpage e.g. https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatsthatpicture/albums/72157686638320212 Description Enter a short text description that will be displayed as the link on this profile e.g. Portrait of Private John Smith from a family photo album Notes Please add any further notes to support the submission, especially the evidence you have to connect the link to this person. These details will not be published. Image Please check this box if the page submitted contains an image that can be displayed on the profile and map Location Please check this box if the page submitted contains location details that can be displayed on the map Your email Not required, and will never be published or shared, but if you add this we will endeavour to let you know when your submission is published Close ' var addressMarker = new L.DivIcon({ className: 'my-div-icon', html: addressHtml }); var cemeteryIconSrc = '/img/cemetery_sm.png'; cemeteryHtml = ' '; //if(feature.properties.recordCount>1) markerHtml+= ''+feature.properties.recordCount+' ' var cemeteryMarker = new L.DivIcon({ className: 'my-div-icon', html: cemeteryHtml }); // SELECT lives_locations.placename,lives_locations.placeFound,lives_locations.lat,lives_locations.lon,cwgc_raw.additionalinformation FROM `lives_locations` left join cwgc_raw on lives_locations.cwgcId=cwgc_raw.id where lives_locations.status=1 && lives_locations.cwgcId=2740171 // location results // SELECT cwgc_cemeteries.* FROM `cwgc_cemeteries` JOIN cwgc_raw on cwgc_raw.cemeteryId=cwgc_cemeteries.id where cwgc_raw.id=2740171 // location results var marker = L.marker([50.03178024,2.86999989],{icon: cemeteryMarker}).addTo(map);marker.bindPopup("MORVAL BRITISH CEMETERY
0.932469	In conjunction with this year’s WARC Awards for Asian Strategy, this series aims to showcase perspectives from young strategists across Asia, highlighting their take on strategy as a marketing discipline and career path. This time, we chat with Taiwan’s emerging bright minds. Taiwan has fared better than most in navigating the upheaval brought about by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Its economy is expected to grow 5.46% in 2021, on the back of a strong rebound in exports. In a market known for its progressive approach to technology, it’s no wonder that its young strategists are tech-savvy and focused on leveraging the benefits of AI, data and other emerging technologies to augment their strategist skillsets. This will be the market to watch for impactful and cutting-edge work. Name: Paula Chen Job Title: Supervisor Company: UM Taiwan Age: 30 How did you find your way into strategy work? The journey started when I was in college. I took the Advertising Strategy course and the teacher was well-known in the industry and worked for many leading companies as a consultant. He taught us the key to integrate market insight, consumer insight and product analysis for a logical and practical strategy that can solve a brand's pain points. The course kindled my interest in strategy and made me want to do strategy work in the future. After graduation, I entered a digital media company and faced the brand by myself, dealing with its demands and expectations. I remember receiving a brief from a local brand where the key target audience group was the elderly. To get more consumer insight, I interviewed almost every elder around me and finally came up with a media strategy for the brand. In the end, my strategy successfully won recognition from the brand contact and became the first annual contract I earned in my life. That made me more confident in strategy work and I was determined to move toward strategy work in the future. How do you personally define the discipline of marketing strategy? In my opinion, the marketing strategy is made for solving brand problems and the crucial method for formulating a market strategy is to find out the resonance point. To find out the resonance point of the group, we can dig into the cultural background and consumer behaviour. In a media agency, we can discover more about local market trends and media behaviour through the data tools. As the resonance may differ by country, there may be different marketing strategies in different markets even if it is for the same brand. This is also the most enjoyable part for me. According to my experience serving foreign brand representatives, due to the fact that they're not Taiwanese and not located in Taiwan either, analysing the local cultural background and consumer insight are more critical for planning the strategy. That is to say, the brand can deploy in the Taiwan market efficiently and engage in the local audience’s daily life smoothly through our tailor-made local market strategy. What’s on your wish list in terms of strategic thinking/work? I expect that I could focus more on strategy work, including interviewing consumers or analysing data to find out more tactic views. On the other hand, I have participated in several regional projects in our company and I frequently have discussions with foreign colleagues and clients. Thus, through sharing different cultural backgrounds and life experiences, we have stimulated more diversified strategies and ideas. I learned a lot from this process and I hope I can participate in more international large-scale projects in the future to improve my international outlook and strategic skills. How do you see your career developing? In 5-10 years, I think I will still be in strategy work. Hopefully, with more strategy experiences, I will be able to observe the market and consumer trends more keenly then. In addition, I expect to accumulate diverse industry experiences by serving all kinds of brands all around the world and gaining more practical knowledge, upgraded strategic skills and an international vision to guide the brand to the next level. Where do you see strategy going in the next 10-15 years? Due to the constant changes in the market and consumers, I think strategic work will still be as valued by brands in the next 10-15 years. The most important thing is whether the strategist can keenly observe the possibilities from current trends and find out the group's resonance point for the most suitable solution. Name: Farah Chang 張瓊方 Job Title: Senior Manager Company: Mediabrands Taiwan Age: 33 How did you find your way into strategy work? I studied economics in college and originally wanted to work in the finance field but after taking on jobs in banking and accounting, I realised that sort of work is not really for me. During my long hunt for new opportunities, I chanced across a digital marketing vacancy for a Google Certified Partner’s supply side platform. I found that I was much more curious about the world of digital advertising, so I went for it. In my new job, I was the accounts manager and responsible for communicating with the media, helping the company plan its website content and creating marketing strategies. I learned a lot of new skills, such as dealing with the media covering different industries, website architecture syntax and user experience optimisation. This job also built the foundation for my subsequent work in digital strategy. How would you define the discipline of marketing strategy? In addition to constantly learning about new technologies or new advertising platforms for digital advertising, every time we receive a new brief or take on a new client, we need to research and generate insights from the data of various industries. We then need to define our audience and develop a strategic plan according to specific communication goals. Of course, the most important aspects are communication with teams internally and with customers, identifying the real needs of customers and using the right strategy to meet their needs. This all forms the basis of finding different technical solutions to help customers achieve their marketing objectives. What is on your wish list in terms of strategic thinking/work? In the past, clients and agencies used to work together in a one-sided way but more and more, clients and agencies are working together in more than just one direction. In addition to media and creativity, we also need to act as marketing consultants who can provide a full range of services, including solutions to developments in commerce and digital technology, and provide clients with strategy-based integrated marketing solutions. How do you see your career developing? Because of the pandemic, the digital, creative, media and commerce fields will over the next 5-10 years become progressively more inseparable. I hope to use digital as a foundation to increase my experience in other areas. I have an understanding of AI, cloud applications and model building. In my opinion, data-driven insight/strategy will continue to evolve and interact with the creative, media and commerce fields. I am very happy to have had the opportunity to familiarise myself with these new concepts at Mediabrands. I hope to quickly grasp these technologies in order to present new solutions to my clients. I want to become a true expert in this field. Where do you see strategy going in the next 10-15 years? Strategy is no longer a one-sided job in terms of serving clients. The job requires you to become more like a consultant, meaning that you need to learn a lot of things that might not have been essential before. After learning various new skills and concepts, you then need to find insights based on data to develop effective strategies. I am fortunate at Mediabrands to have a lot of data analysis tools at my disposal that allow us as consultants to build closer relationships with our clients. Name: Chaoss Huang 黃昭綺 Job Title: Senior Planner, Group Planning Center Company: Ogilvy Taiwan Age: 28 How did you find your way into strategy work? I started with accountancy and business in college, and devoted myself to integrated marketing as an account in my first job; left for the art industry as a PR supervisor for a little while, then finally went back to Ogilvy and focused on strategy. There were indeed moments of confusion but everything also seemed spontaneous. I think it's inevitable for any person eager to create influence to fall in love with strategy work and strive to put it into practice. People with the Ogilvy spirit would not reject a job to present perspectives on brands, consumers and culture. As a strategist, how do you spend your time at work? I spend a lot of time nesting in an office chair like a lone bird, just to figure out a precise and unique point of view. And finally, when something gorgeous comes out of our minds, the bittersweet process rolls out again. Everyday. How do you personally define the discipline of marketing strategy? I believe that marketing strategy is to influence the future of the brand and drive creativity, execution, experience and even more. There are always beautiful insights behind all great creative work. And I also believe that the best work belongs to those brands dedicated not only to creating business growth but also inspiring the next generation. As a modern strategist, I am always excited to work at the forefront of trends, decode complex business challenges, explore technology and humanity, and activate the extraordinary within the ordinary. I personally think there are four basics of strategy work: Live in the era. Have an eye for the zeitgeist and bring forward topical ideas proactively. Analyse anything flexibly. Be able to shrink tons of data into just the right bits that help bring people up to speed quickly. Actively cooperate across teams. Bring fresh stimulation to diverse creative partners of communication, interaction, social content, experience, etc, and never stop responding to and helping to improve creative work. Pursue meaningful output. Stimulate the creativity of the team to create wonderful work and bring outstanding practical results for the client's business and the society. What’s on your wish list in terms of strategic thinking/work? Make the people we want to influence feel truthfully powerful. The people include our clients, our teams, consumers and all the real humans in our society and our era. Our daily work is so intense and fast-paced that sometimes, we might overlook the impact of "the work". I wish there is more work that make the best of creativity to fulfil the purpose of kindness. In our jargon, "inspiration of good deeds" should be always part of our "what to say". How do you see your career developing? The strategy will always be the core issue of the brand, so I think I will still focus on this role in the foreseeable future. At the same time, I believe that my work will become livelier and cover more diverse fields. Interactive design, experience design, immersive and sensory content, and so on, will gradually dominate my work output and I am glad to see such a vast and challenging change. It is exciting for me that there are so many opportunities for agencies nowadays to empower brands with multiple platforms and forms. Where do you see strategy going in the next 10-15 years? The forms and mediums are always changing, while the strategic spirit remains the same. We will need to spend more time immersing ourselves in the social communities and spaces that the new-gen loves. But this is not only to familiarise ourselves with the tools or apps they use but also to put ourselves in and understand their world more quickly and to be adaptable. "Creating culture" will be our important goal and agencies will also take on the role of cultural magicians, fabricating spiritual touches through sensory surprises. In this era, we may be more like crazy nerds but the kind that is sexy and charming. The WARC Awards for Asian Strategy is now closed for entries and the judging phase has now commenced. Do stay tuned as the shortlisted papers will be announced on 15 September 2021. From WARC Brand in action: How Fastrack gets edgy to be inclusive Brand in action: How diversity and inclusion is not a fad for Myntra Brand in action: How Tailor and Circus underwear brings out body positivity View all Latest Opinion Market research – the science of people, not numbers. Opinion How the pandemic redefined Thailand’s automotive commerce Opinion A view from across the pond: How UK and US Black Friday compares Opinion Switching on to connected TV? Four things advertisers need to know Opinion The cautious generation: How brands can make events worthwhile for Gen Z post-Covid News WARC Awards for Effectiveness 2022 launch Opinion Digital audio, the popular post-pandemic media plan staple Opinion Inclusivity in advertising: The time is now View more News and Opinion About the author WARC View all of WARC's Opinion posts Get a demo Topics Taiwan Account planning, strategic planning Role of the planner, strategist Please enter your feedback. Submit Send feedback www.warc.com © Copyright 2021 All rights reserved including database rights. This electronic file is for the personal use of authorised users based at the subscribing company's office location. It may not be reproduced, posted on intranets, extranets or the internet, e-mailed, archived or shared electronically either within the purchaser's organisation or externally without express written permission from WARC.
0.961283	California teacher told conservative students to 'jump off a bridge' over anti-Biden flag - Celebrity Cover News Skip to content Celebrity Cover News Search for: Search Celebrities Lifestyle Beauty Fashion Sport TV & Movies World News Home » World News » California teacher told conservative students to 'jump off a bridge' over anti-Biden flag 18/11/2021 California teacher told conservative students to 'jump off a bridge' over anti-Biden flag Media top headlines November 17 In media news today, NPR gets slammed over story highlighting ‘disappointment over Boston electing Asian woman mayor, PolitiFact doubles down on widely mocked ‘fact-check’ on Kyle Rittenhouse, and the media gets roasted for coverage of the Steele dossier in The New York Times A California elementary school teacher is under fire after posting a video on social media saying a conservative club at the local high school can “jump off a bridge.” “The Paso Robles Conservative club for the high school, you can go jump off a bridge. I’m going to post what they thought was a great show of support for the veterans, who I’m pretty sure would be absolutely offended by what they did on school campus,” Bauer Speck Elementary School teacher Kristin Usilton said in a video that appears to be filmed in a classroom and recently posted on her Instagram account. She was taking issue with a student waving a “F— Joe Biden” flag on a school parking lot last week. It appears the teacher has deleted her Instagram account, Fox News found during a search of her social media Thursday morning. California elementary school teacher Kristin Usilton is under fire after she posted a video saying conservative high school students can ‘jump of a bridge.’ (Credit Google images/ Paso Robles Unified School District) An investigation has been launched into the video, which circulated around Paso Robles Joint Unified School District over the last week and then on social media. Usilton describes herself as a dual immersion teacher, The Paso Robles Press reported. She has worked for the school district for six years. “And had the LGBTQ population done that or the Black or the Hispanic community members, we would have had our a– chewed out. Look at what they did today,” she continued in the video of the conservative club. She then showed a short clip of students ahead of Veterans Day waving American and military flags on the Paso Robles High School parking lot, according to the local outlet. One of the students also had a “F— Joe Biden” flag. President Joe Biden attends a virtual COVID-19 summit during the 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, in the South Court Auditorium on the White House campus, Wednesday, Sept. 22, 2021, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci) (AP Photo/Evan Vucci) The teacher posted a follow-up video the same day, clarifying she didn’t literally mean that high school students should jump off a bridge. “When I said ‘go jump off a bridge,’ I just meant go away, and I will not use that term again because of the incredible influx of messages I got about that. But if that’s what you focused on in that message, you’re kind of part of the problem,” she said in the follow-up video, according to the local outlet. Paso Robles Joint Unified School District Superintendent Curt Dubost said that two investigations have been launched: one into the teacher’s videos and another into the student who was waving the anti-Biden flag. An empty classroom. (iStock) “Last Wednesday, a student effort to honor Veterans Day was disrupted by a very poor choice to include a profane flag. This both detracted from the intended purpose of the demonstration and led to considerable disruption, including some postings and exchanges on social media that were completely inappropriate. The objectionable flag was up for a very limited amount of time; however, we in no way condone nor excuse this misguided action. Students will be appropriately disciplined in accordance with District policies,” Dubost said in a statement. “Later that day, a District employee posted comments on social media regarding this event which were inappropriate, and the District is responding accordingly through the Human Resource office. The District will make it clear to all employees that as an employee of PRJUSD, social media is not the appropriate venue for criticism of our students and families and that we must conduct ourselves in a professional manner. The community is entrusting their children to our schools and employees. With this stated, we want to emphasize that the District does not tolerate threats on our employees or students, nor do we condone cyber-bullying,” the statement continued. Dubost went on to say that the district will expand events that “promote tolerance and unity.” “Veterans Day should be a day for patriotism and honoring service, not yet another politically divisive controversy.” He did not immediately respond to Fox News’ request for additional comment Thursday morning. Usilton’s fiance, Eusebio Martinez Jr., told The Paso Robles Press the teacher could not comment to the press due to the investigation. He also requested the outlet take down its story because it’s “ruining her good name.” The report is still published. Source: Read Full Article World News Post navigation Previous Post:Former NFL RB Zac Stacy accused of beating his ex-girlfriend Next Post:Why Christopher Nolan’s $100 Million WWII Drama ‘Oppenheimer’ Could Be the Last of Its Kind Lifestyle The long road to get Maeve’s law before Parliament British Airways customer wins £333 cash in court after disputing voucher refund scheme Christine Brown celebrates first Thanksgiving after Kody Brown split TV & Movies Coronation Street spoilers: Roy Cropper actor David Neilson says fan fave WON'T return; plus EastEnders & Emmerdale news I'm A Celebrity 2021: Bosses 'admonished' David Ginola over rule break 'The Young and the Restless': Chelsea Brings Excitement With Genoa City Return World News Furious mum cancels son's school meals after he 'finds a hunk of metal in his ice cream' Anti-American war epic becomes China’s biggest ever blockbuster Influencer known for her resemblance to Kylie Jenner apologizes for racist comments: 'I'm admitting 100% to my mistakes'
0.999277	The access to good educational support on-line and to parental guidance is not equally distributed in the UK. To the extent that physical presence at good schools provides an opportunity to address equality, its absence may act to re-enforce some of the loss of incomes and opportunities that this crisis is creating for those in low income jobs, which are more likely to be at risk at this time. Question 1:What damage will school closures have on economic growth over a 10-15 year horizon? Answer: Minor Confidence level: Not confident Comment: The impact on medium to long run economic growth will obviously depend on the scale and length of school closures. But also on the extent to which on-line provision can provide a good substitute for an extended period. I am worried about the loss of extra-curricular and sport, which may be just as important to long run well being as classroom teaching. Will COVID-19 Cause Permanent Damage to the UK Economy? Wednesday, June 24, 2020 Question 2: Which aspect of the economy poses the greatest risk for a slow recovery? Answer: Firms’ productive capacity (e.g. business failures) Confidence level: Confident Comment: Firm births (and deaths) are critical to the re-orientation to the "new economy". They will provide the jobs for those moving between sectors and those joining the labour market. The other factors are also important, as is the provision of key public goods that will complement positive firm dynamics and the availability of finance. Question 1: How quickly will the economy rebound (e.g. to the pre-pandemic trend) once the COVID-19 pandemic has been contained and absent major policy interventions? Answer: The economy will rapidly return to its pre-crisis growth trend, but there will be a permanent effect on the level of GDP Confidence level: Not confident Comment: The central case of a rapid return once lockdowns are eased across the world is feasible but will require there to be no subsequent peaks in the rate of infections and Covid-related deaths. Even in this case and to limit infections social distancing will to remain in place until a virus is found or herd immunity is achieved. This means that we cannot return to the way we did things particularly in industries where face to face interactions are critical. This means that some significant changes in our practices will be needed and some permanent loss of activity will result. But it also means that I cannot be terribly certain about any path I pick. COVID-19 and UK Public Finances Sunday, May 24, 2020 Question 2: What is the best way to (eventually) reduce public deficits and debt? Answer: Tax increases Confidence level: Extremely confident Comment: We have a sustained increase in the demand for the provision of public goods. If they take up a larger share of income, then I am afraid there is little alternative to increasing taxes (by which I mean revenues relative to income) by a similar amount. Given low borrowing rates though there is no immediate need, by which I mean this year or next. Once we can be sure that lockdowns are going to re-emerge (i.e. this "war" is over) we can think about how to pay for it. Pages « first ‹ previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … next › last » About the CFM Surveys The CFM surveys informs the public about the views held by prominent economists based in Europe on important macroeconomic and public policy questions. Some surveys focus specifically on the UK economy (as the CFM is a UK research centre), but surveys can in principle focus on any macroeconomic question for any region. The surveys shed light on the extent to which there is agreement or disagreement among these experts. An important motivation for the survey is to give a more comprehensive overview of the beliefs held by economists and in particular to include the views of those economists whose opinions are not frequently heard in public debates. Questions mainly focus on macroeconomic and public policy topics. Although there are some questions that focus specifically on the UK economy, the setup of the survey is much broader and considers questions related to other countries/regions and also considers questions not tied to a specific economy.
0.943299	The border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand has now existed since the mid-19th century and has repeatedly led to territorial disputes with the occasional use of armed forces. The two main actors in this conflict, Cambodia and Thailand, are fighting over the national affiliation of the area around the Prasat Preah Vihear Temple, an abandoned Hindu Khmer temple dating back to the 10th to 12th century. Located on the northern border of Cambodia in the Dongrek Mountains 140 kilometers from Angkor Watt, this temple is one of the most impressive and important religious sites in this region. Historical background The first disputes about the affiliation of Prasat Preah Vihear can be traced back to the Siamese-Vietnamese War in 1833 - 1846[1]. Until then, the temple built by the Khmer belonged undisputedly to Siam, today's state of Thailand. Following the war, both parties signed a peace treaty in which Siam was forced, among other things, to cede sovereignty of the border region around the temple to Cambodia[2]. The national borders, however, remained unaffected by this and only suzerainty, i.e. a limited sovereign supremacy over an area, was granted to Cambodia. In map drawings of the region by a French military officer in 1907, the temple was in turn drawn on the Cambodian side of the border. This was not discovered by the Siamese government until the 1930s, however, which is why territorial disputes broke out again[3]. In the course of the 20th century, due to the Prasat Preah Vihear Temple, there were repeated minor border conflicts between Thailand and Cambodia, which ultimately led to the bloody conflicts between 2008 and 2011. Current border disputes since 2008 Based on Cambodia's attempt to register the temple as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Thai government countered that the temple was located on Thai territory and therefore Thailand would have to submit this application[4]. Due to political disputes, Cambodia initially closed its border to Thailand before Thai military forces reinforced their troops in the region. This was followed by bloody clashes in the region, which lasted until 2011 and claimed lives on both sides[5]. On April 28, 2011, Cambodia submitted a request for clarification of the border disputes to the International Court of Justice. In the report from 2013[6], the court stated that according to the generally applicable regulation between the two states, the Prasat Preah Vihear Temple had been part of Cambodian territory since 1962 and that Thailand should withdraw all troops from the area. Since this ruling, the territorial disputes between the two countries have calmed down. If older rulings were no longer recognized in the future, however, these border disputes could regain relevance. The situation could then come to a head and escalate again, and the border between the two countries could be closed again. However, this is not foreseeable at the moment. At MBI CONIAS Risk Intelligence we support you in the analysis of conflict situations such as this one and can identify the need for action at an early stage through our collected and constantly updated data. For further information please contact us. Our decades of experience in monitoring political conflicts below the threshold of war make MBI CONIAS data unique. The high number of these conflicts and their complex modes of action require a great deal of knowledge in order to identify their effects at an early stage. Constant further developments and additions continuously increase the benefit for our customers. About the author: Brian Techert CONIAS Risk Intelligence Michael Bauer International GmbH Sources: [1] Bangkok Post, A fine line, 22.08.2008 [2] Prasat Phra Viharn – Case study of political history – Nationalism, 27.08.2008 [3] Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Merits, 03.06.2013 [4] "Thailand, Cambodia and UNESCO meet over Preah Vihear". The Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog, 25.04.2008 [5] Thai–Cambodian conflict rooted in history in East Asia Forum, 27.01.2012 [6] REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATION OF THE JUDGMENT OF 15 JUNE 1962 IN THE CASE CONCERNING THE TEMPLE OF PREAH VIHEAR (CAMBODIA v. THAILAND), Internationaler Gerichtshof, 11.11.2013 CONIAS Risk Intelligence We provide in-depth and data-driven information about the current and emerging dynamics of political conflicts worldwide and the security risks stemming from them for private and public sector clients.
0.982309	Newcastle ‘face battle to sign Arsenal forward Alexandre Lacazette’ as Atletico Madrid also ‘eye a move for the Frenchman as an alternative to Red Bull Salzburg starlet Karim Adeyemi’ Alexandre Lacazette is out of contract in summer and can open talks in January Newcastle are said to be monitoring the Frenchman following their takeover Atletico Madrid see the forward as a cheaper alternative to Karim Adeyemi The starlet is in high demand and comes with a price tag said to be €30-40m Newcastle are set to battle LaLiga champions Atletico Madrid for Alexandre Lacazette, according to reports. The Arsenal forward is out of contract at the Emirates next summer and will be free to open talks with clubs in January. According to Spanish outlet La Razon, Atletico could look to Lacazette as a cheaper backup for Red Bull Salzburg wonderkid Karim Adeyemi, who is being tracked by a number of Europe’s elite. The 19-year-old is one of the most sought-after young talents in world football after the starlet’s superb start to the season, in which he already has 15 goals to his name. Newcastle face a fight with Atletico Madrid for Arsenal forward Alexandre Lacazette (above) Red Bull Salzburg starlet Karim Adeyemi is in high demand among Europe’s elite clubs https://crossfitsugarland.com/soccer/fa-cup-second-round-draw-in-full-with-premier-league-sides-just-90-minutes-away/ But he is thought to come with a price tag between €30-40million (£26-34m) which has deterred the LaLiga side. Instead, Diego Simeone could line up a move for Lacazette as a short-term fix. Atletico’s rumoured transfer plans come as a blow to newly mega-rich Newcastle who are said to be monitoring the Frenchman ahead of the January window. The Magpies are not in the strongest position to lure Lacazette to the North East as they find themselves with a relegation battle on their hands, while the Madrid club are sure to secure European football in some form of another. The LaLiga champions could line up the Frenchman as a cheaper alternative to Adeyemi However, Premier League star Kevin Phillips has urged Newcastle to try their luck, telling Football Insider: ‘I have always been a big fan of Lacazette. I think he’s a great player. He would be an amazing signing for Newcastle. ‘He needs to play week in, week out. I get the impression he feels he is not loved at Arsenal. Perhaps he feels he does not get the credit he deserves. ‘In my opinion, he is a class player. If you played him week in, week out, you would reap the rewards. ‘If I was a Newcastle fan and Lacazette came in, I’d be very excited. I know he is blessed with a lot of talent. He’d be a great signing in January.’
0.999997	If you need more information or are looking for other Vintage Rentals rentals like this, contact Connecticut Rental Center or view our other Vintage Rentals. Qty: (0 in wishlist) Or Call 860-347-4688 Want to talk to one of our event coordinators? Tell us about your event Please fix the following input errors: dummy Name * Email * Phone * Comments * I was looking at Vintage Railroad Lanterns Are you human? Related Gallery Images << Back to Vintage Rentals Add what you need to your wish list Have a long list of items? As you find the things you need for your event add them to your wishlist and save them until you're ready to kick things off! View Your Wishlist Always perfect We have had a tent (with lights!), tables and chairs for several backyard parties. Everything is always perfect. - Steve Connecticut Great service and no issues with the equipment. Great service and no issues with the equipment. - Tom Rushin If you have any parties or occasions, don't go to anyone else- CT Rental Center is number 1! I haven't had a chance to give them a review yet but I'm so happy I finally had the chance to do so! They did my engagement party in my backyard and what can I say they did a phenomenal job. Everything was on point and the staff was more than friendly. If you have any parties or occasions don't go to anyone else these people are number 1. I had about 250 people and every single one of them was left flawless!!!!! - Vigan P. Prospect, CT I recommend them to everyone! CT Rental provided everything we needed for our outdoor engagement party. The tables and tents were decorated beautifully, and we stayed dry even in the pouring rain. I recommend them to everyone! - Kayleigh DiCarlo Connecticut Exceptional Service! Had excellent experiences doing business with ct rental!!!!! - Suzette Connecticut We wouldn't think of calling anyone else! We wouldn't think of calling anyone else....they helped us plan our daughter's wedding and even included things that we never thought about. It was a cool day, so they even provided heaters under the tent. It was outstanding. - Anonymous Connecticut From start to finish, it was easy and painless and everything looked incredible!! CT Rental Center was awesome, to put it lightly. They accommodated several special requests and were quick & efficient with the setup of our rentals. We had to basically arrange for a small village to be built on our wedding property and they provided excellent customer care. It was personal and lovely service and they're such a well-oiled machine. From start to finish, it was easy and painless and everything looked incredible! - Kristen Connecticut Great for rentals Cathie was fantastic to work with! From day one she was there for all my questions about tent type, table layout, dance floor size... you name it! She also calmed me when I had a brief panic that we hadn't gotten a big enough tent, walking me through the layout and making sure I was comfortable with what we had ordered. The rentals arrived at the venue promptly and worked out beautifully. Highly recommend! - Vicki B Tom & the entire staff at CT Rental are exceptional people! Tom and the entire staff at Ct Rental are exceptional people. Service is expert and quite friendly. I use them all the time!!! - N. Long Connecticut Overall I am very satisfied and I will definitely be using them again for my next event. I used them for an event this month and although I did not get to see them in person, I was very satisfied with their email and phone interactions. Tom was very nice and accommodating and readily gave me options that would save me money. Also, delivery and pick up was very easy and convenient. The items I asked for were exactly as pictured in their brochure. Overall I am very satisfied and I will definitely be using them again for my next event. - Barbara adu-baffour CT Rental is the BEST! CT Rental is the BEST!!! They are efficient, prompt and their customer service is outstanding. I would highly recommend their service. - Heather T. Attention to detail Thank you for all your help preparing for our special day! it was perfect. (even the weather) Your attention to detail did not go unnoticed that day! Everything looked amazing and was just right. Thank you! - Jen and Ben West Hartford Has just about anything you need! Has just about anything you need! - Bob Stevens Wonderful to work with The team at CT rental Centers was wonderful to work with. Their products were in perfect shape for the event, they were able to make any and all adjustments base don our preferences for the wedding and were able to make suggestions based on details of the venue (a farm), number of guests, and the vibes we wanted for the evening! - Virginia B Connecticut Rental Center does much more than just tents! Connecticut Rental does much more than just tents, and they do it all exceptionally well. They are that rare (these days) business that is also your neighbor, with a level of service that is absent in the "Monster/Mega/Big Box" retail service world. - S.D.R. Connecticut I will certainly will be calling you again for our next event! I just wanted to thank you so much for all the help you and your team provided in planning our daughter's wedding. From our first meeting and then the walkthrough you guided us with expertise and suggestions to make the event a success. Both my husband and I received so many compliments on the tent, the lighting, the bar and the wine barrels that we used as cocktail tables- all these elements combined helped to create the unique setting that my daughter had wanted! I also wanted to let you know that the team you sent for set up and break down couldn't have been more professional. They worked efficiently together and were so professional. They represent your company well! Thank you again- I will certainly will be calling you again for our next event! - Fran Connecticut Rental Center was extremely helpful and great to work with for our wedding! They had a great inventory of items to choose from, including vintage plates. glassware and the like. These went perfectly with our vintage-themed wedding! Cathie was also amazing to work with! She was always responsive and helpful! Our wedding went off without a hitch thanks to Connecticut Rental Center! - Kendall Everything was fantastic Everything was fantastic. Loved the plates and the knotted flatware and the burlap. Nice touch. All of the rentals were absolutely beautiful. Thank you for all of your help. - M.Gordon Wedding Wilton, CT We needed a specific brushed gold flatware and CTRental Center was fabulous in finding, securing and providing the flatware. Cathie and Tom were a pleasure to work with and we look forward to working with them again soon. - Becky McDermott Weddings Salisbury CT We had to make a number of last minute changes and they were so helpful through all of it. It helped to make the wedding fabulous. Connecticut Rental provided a large tent, chairs, linens, dance floor, high top tables and much more for our daughters wedding. The tent looked amazing. We received so many compliments on how beautiful everything looked. The team made sure every detail was perfect. We had to make a number of last minute changes and they were so helpful through all of it. It helped to make the wedding fabulous. - Pepper S. Thank you for all your help. I used them many times in my event business. Very nice people and I know my dad used them for different tools he needed. They have everything and are always accommodating. Thank you for all your help. - Dawn M. Great Service Connecticut Rental Center had great service. They were very patient with us as we updated our order, and added and removed things throughout the process. They mailed us samples of table cloth, and napkin colors, and tried to get us the items that we really wanted. They also have a WIDE variety of items to rent, perfect for any wedding event. We used them for all of our rental needs as our location had nothing fancy to use to make it feel like a wedding. On the day of set up, the crew was patient as I described how I wanted everything set up. They were also very timely. A really pleasant company to deal with! - Jessica C I recommend this company for all your wedding rentals! The staff at Connecticut Rental were such a huge help in our wedding planning. I mainly worked with two ladies. The first really helped us figure out an effective floor plan for our tiny venue. She also put together our initial rental list. She ended up moving on from the company and another lady, Judy, became my main contact. She was equally nice and knowledgeable about the products they offer. She helped us figure out an effective rain plan (which really came in handy) and work out some other details with table cloths, etc. Overall, I recommend this company for all your wedding rentals! - Sarah Connecticut Absolutely beautiful The tent and rentals were absolutely beautiful and thank you so much for everything. - Leah Pappalardo Essex, CT It was the most perfect day of my life! Connecticut Rental put up a beautiful tent for my wedding and also supplied the tables and chairs, tablecloths, dance floor, etc. I have to say it was the most perfect day of my life. Everything was beautiful and the people who delivered and set things up were efficient, polite and made it all look fantastic. We didn't have to worry about a thing and could enjoy ourselves! I still get positive comments from our guests. - Anonymous Connecticut My whole experience with CT Rental was 100% Positive, easy, and simple! My whole experience with CT rental center was %100 positive, easy and simple. We had an outdoor wedding in my parents backyard and did a lot of it DIY- they had all kinds of stuff to meet our needs. Our sales rep Cathie was incredibly responsive, kind and helpful throughout the entire process. She came and did a site visit and had suggestions for the layout and was able to give us a sample layout to start with as well. Every single time I would email Cathie a question she would get back to me almost instantly- it really put my mind at ease. The delivery guys who set up and took down our tent were incredibly professional, nice and helpful. They even showed up early because I had mentioned that I was concerned about having time for the rehearsal on the same day as the tent set-up. One of the biggest parts of having an outdoor wedding is the tent, and you want people who are reliable and helpful and who you can trust. The last thing you want is to be unsure and worried about what is going to happen. I'm so glad I found CT rental- they're the best! - Lucy New Haven, CT Chair rental for rehearsal This company was great at getting me last minute chair rentals (less than 24hrs) for my rehearsal dinner when my first set didn't work out. The team was able to drop off and pick up within my desired time windows even on short notice! - Laura R Very Helpful! They were very helpful and affordable, and provided be with great table runners in 2 very bright colours. - Nicolette T Excellent!! Excellent!! Wonderful customer service. - Olivia Caracoglia-Dimauro Connecticut Thank you! Every part of our experience with CT Rental was professional, friendly, and thoughtful. We can't say enough how great it was to work with the entire team in Middletown for our October 2019 wedding, from planning and last minute questions to delivery and setup! Thank you! - Melissa & John Haddam, CT Tom always seems to have whatever I need whenever I need it! CT Rental is a great establishment with which to do business. Tom always seem to have whatever I need whenever I need it for a reasonable price. Thanks!! - Anonymous Connecticut Treated my property like it was their own Special thank you to Cathie Guiffrida and the Delivery Crew: Thank you so much for your initiation of my contract and tent delivery. My experience with Connecticut Rental for my event was excellent…right down to the delivery/setup/take down of the tent/table/chairs from your three delivery men. They were efficient, courteous, and treated my property like it was their own, which excited me. I even treated them to some homemade chocolate chip cookies as a thank you for their great service. I will definitely use Connecticut Rental in the future for my event needs. Thanks so much and have a great day. - The Nowakowski Connecticut Would recommend Connecticut Rental Center to anyone looking for party rentals! We rented from Connecticut Rental Center both for my outdoor wedding and backyard Jack and Jill party in the summer of 2019. The Jack and Jill setup was smooth, and they were very accommodating of our needs. Our wedding set up was absolutely gorgeous! The tent was so beautiful, and was decorated just the way I imagined it. We were able to rent everything: tables, chairs, linens, dishes, crates and lights for decoration, and so much more. They thought of every little detail that we would need for the wedding and reception, and made sure nothing was left out. They were also able to give good suggestions about styles that would match our wedding theme and color scheme. They were flexible when we needed to make some changes up to the last minute, and the team was professional and knowledgable when setting up the equipment. We were very happy with our decision, and would recommend Connecticut Rental Center to anyone looking for party rentals! - Hannah Sobieski Thank you for such a such a wonderful rental experience! Thank you for such a such a wonderful "rental experience"! You have been so great to work with. Thank you for your patience & countless revisions to our rentals. The rentals were all beautiful and the gold-rimmed glasses were Perfect! Thanks so much again. Best, Meg & Jon Stewart - Meg & Jon Wedding at CT River Museum Essex, CT The tent made the event Your generosity in contributing to making our celebration amazing one deserves thank you beyond words. The tent made the event, creating an event that was top notch. We look forward to many more. Cheers - Gloria & Gary Colchester, CT We can’t thanks Connecticut Rental enough for helping us put on a perfect event. We utilized Connecticut Rental for our wedding. They put up a 60x70 gorgeous tent with lighting. Everything was perfect from the tent, tables, padded chairs, linens and all the extras. We had so many compliments on the tent. We can’t thanks Connecticut Rental enough for helping us put on a perfect event. - P S Thank You I wanted to say thank you for your excellent service. Your items I rented were very beautiful and everything was perfect. I will definitely be contacting you again in the future. Stay safe and be well. Barbara A. - Barbara A Manchester CT Rental is the best around. CT Rental is the best around. No one better. Our son recently got married and we rented from two different companies...only because CT did NOT have what we needed for a bit of it. NO COMPARISON. CT Rental was on time with everything, easy and fun to work with and the things we rented were beautiful as promised. (The other company was awful. Things were dirty arrived VERY late (2 hours prior to the wedding...etc.....) This is the third time we have used this company and if they do not have what I want in the future, I will change what I want...Hands down, they are the best! - Chris M. Waterford, CT Professional, courteous and responsive customer service. Wesleyan University regularly requests items from CT Rental Center of Middletown. The staff at CT Rental Center provides professional, courteous and responsive customer service. They are always there to ensure the quality and success of our events. - Cheryl-Ann Hagner Wesleyan University They were affordable and flexible, even when we weren't sure until last minute whether we wanted to set up the tent ! Our wedding planner and caterer used Connecticut Rental for all of our rental needs for our outdoor September wedding. They were affordable and flexible, even when we weren't sure until last minute whether we wanted to set up the tent or not. - Jessica Killingworth, CT Joanne, I want to thank you for helping to make Deb's party a great success. The tables and chairs arrived on time, and got picked up on time as well. Thanks again, could not have done it without you and your companies flexibility. - John Chillock Trumbull, CT Renting made easy JoAnne at rental center is a joy to work with. She covers all the bases and makes sure you have what you need without pressuring you into anything. I would highly recommend working with her if you are having an outdoor backyard wedding. I was so nervous I would forget something, but she dint let me! - Sarah K Thank you for adding to our spectacular celebration this past weekend! Thank you for adding to our spectacular celebration this past weekend! The team from Connecticut Rental Center was reliable and provided quality equipment. Throughout the planning process, Cathie, you helped weed through the spectrum of choices and coordinated with our caterer effectively so we got just what was needed. We highly recommend Connecticut Rental Center! - C.B. Smith Farm - East Haddam 5 Stars! 5 Stars! - Stephen Dicarlo They were so responsive, so easy to work with! They were so responsive, so easy to work with! Joanne even made a special visit out to our venue to discuss the exact location of the tent & dance floor. Their recommendations were spot-on, their equipment was spotless and beautiful. From the chairs to the tent to the dance floor, everything was flawless and blended in beautifully with our wedding. Their prices were fair, and the service was excellent. Thank you for everything! - Cate Bristol, RI The tent filtered the light beautifully Thanks for everything! The tent was amazing!!!! The tent filtered the light beautifully well into the evening and created a polished and elegant feel for our rustic backyard celebration. - N. Valentine Burlington, CT Beautiful sailcloth tent! We worked with Cathie at CT Rentals and she was great. We were impressed with the farm tables and our beautiful sail cloth tent. The set up crew was very attentive and easy to work with. A few things arrived broken, but they quickly redelivered. At the last minute we had to add all kinds of things because of rain, and they were able to accommodate that as well. I totally recommend them. - Annie We had a backyard party for 80 people and CT Rental Center did a great job. We ordered everything thru Dawn and the delivery set-up and pick-up crew headed up by Garrett were all great. They made the rental experience easy and stress free; from tables, chairs, linens, tent, plus many other items that we ordered. KEEP UP THE GREAT WORK AND THE GREAT SERVICE!!! - Steve and Suzette DiCarlo Middletown, CT This place did an excellent job with recommending what I wanted for my dream wedding This place did an excellent job with recommending what I wanted for my dream wedding. All I did was tell them the theme and the woman on the phone helped me in figuring out exactly what I wanted. They were willing to deliver and pick up whenever I needed/wanted them to, and the men that did so were very kind and helpful. - Private Wedding Coventry, CT My party was spectacular, and I owe it all to CT Rental! Fantastic service, supplies and customer service. My party was spectacular, and I owe it all to CT Rental! - Connecticut Bail Bonds Connecticut Excellent working relationship Middlesex Hospital has enjoyed an excellent working relationship with Connecticut Rental over many years and countless special events, large and small. We especially value their ability to meet our ever changing needs and their flexibility. - Kathleen Russo Middlesex Hospital We were blown away by her compassion, ideas and helpfulness! Connecticut Rental Center came highly recommended from many of our vendors, so we ventured there, feeling totally overwhelmed with the prospect of planning every detail of our wedding. Cathie Giuffrida greeted us at the door and we had an instant connection, she "got us" she made us feel at ease and walked us through each decision with precision. We were blown away by her compassion, ideas and helpfulness. It truly felt like we were working with a sister who was highly invested in our special day being magnificent. There was a wide variety of really cool items to customize our day from the large farm tables, benches, red velvet sofa to the vintage salt and pepper shakers! Cathie even spoke with us after the wedding and told us she was praying for good weather for us that evening. Thanks in large part to Cathie and her incredible partnership with us, our day was everything we dreamed it could be. We could not have done it without Cathie and Connecticut Rental Center. - Susan Maxwell and Diane Krieger Can't say enough good things about CT Rental Center! These guys are the best! We have used them for our Relay For Life event for many years. Can't say enough good things about them! - Jeremiah Adametz Connecticut These guys are great! Good services and deals. - Belkiss Delta Pam Tablecloths added a perfect touch to the room Thank you so much for your support of our Love 146 Daughter's Tea Benefit Event. The tablecloths you donated for the event added a perfect touch to the room, anchoring all the decorations together. Thank you for your generocity, and thank you Amylu for all of your help. - Suzanne Sadler & the Hartford Calvary Love 146 Task Force Connecticut No Compaints! No hassle, it's great - Adam Gallagher This company has years of experience and it shows! This company has years of experience and it shows. They are knowledgeable and reliable and did exactly what they said they would. It's nice to not have the additional stress when planning an event. - L. Vynalek Connecticut Very helpful Joann did a great job at explaining what would best suit our needs. She also added in some suggestions for decorating without breaking the bank. The tent was beautiful! The crew that did the set up was wonderful. Especially since our side yard is not as flat as it seems. - Mary-Jo W You guys are great! Thanks so much for your service, you guys are great! - Danielle Lambert, Pine Island Marina, Event Coordinator Groton, CT We were very pleased with everything. CT Rental provided the tents and most of the tables/chairs/dinnerware for our wedding. We were very pleased with everything. Setup and take down was very easy. - Jenna D Connecticut rental is the place to go for all rental needs! Connecticut rental is the place to go for all rental needs. We were able to rent vintage furniture, vintage decor, and day of there was an issue with one of the furniture pieces, so the team came out and replaced it immediately with no questions asked. They are competitively priced and willing to go above and beyond to find the perfect decor for every client's needs. It was a pleasure working with them. - Naomi Groton, CT The most spectacular wedding and reception We had the most spectacular wedding and reception! Everything was so wonderful.....thank you so much! - Paula Goldsmith East Haddam, CT It was so easy Thank you so much for all of your kind assistance surrounding our backyard baseball-themed rehearsal dinner. It was so easy and such a pleasure working with you! In fact, our rehearsal dinner was the best part of the whole wedding! - Sarah and Rohan Middletown, CT Could not have been happier with tent, service & heat We could not have been happier with the tent, the service and definitely the heat! We would most certainly have been popsicles without it. - Wilma TV, Inc. TLC, Connecticut A Great Experience Everything went so well, we had perfect weather, a little windy, but it was sunny and cool. Thanks for your flexibility and patience, your staff is professional and reliable, all in all a great experience. Thanks again, Christine - Christine Kensington, CT The Event Planners at Connecticut Rental can do some pretty amazing things to make any event memorable! The Event Planners at Connecticut Rental can do some pretty amazing things to make any event memorable. Just call, tell them what you need, then sit back and get ready to enjoy YOUR Party. - Steve Rauss Connecticut Great service throughout the process CT rental center provided vintage lounge furniture for my wedding last month! Great service throughout the process, especially as we live pretty far from the center itself and did most of the planning online. They were very flexible with drop off and pickup which allowed for us to make this happen and we so much appreciate it! - Michelle K Works in a timely manner and is very professional We have used Connecticut Rental for nearly 20 years to provide tents, chairs, tables, and other items for our annual fairs and other events. The sales staff is very knowledgeable, friendly, and easy to work with. The set-up crew is equally courteous, works in a timely manner, and is very professional. We will continue to use Connecticut Rental for all our future needs. - Lou C. Connecticut Highly professional, quality company Every time I go there I'm greeted by the nicest people. It is by far the most immaculate and impressive show room I have ever seen. Another reason I travel father to get to CT Rental Center in Middleton is because their rates are so much better than all of the others I've checked out for the same equipment. Plus they have such a huge storage area and I believe that's why their equipment is always like new. They also have huge hangers for their tents to dry before they put them away. Highly professional, quality company with really nice people too. - Bob Strano Memorial Service I had a great experience working with CT Rental Center to determine what I needed for an out door Memorial Service for my wife. The day of the Memorial Service the staff that delivered the tent, chairs and tables were very helpful and worked hard and efficiently. I would definitely recommend CT Rental Center for anyone planning an event. - Elliott C. Glastonbury, CT I will definitely be recommending your company to family & friends. Thanks so much for all of your help, it was so professional and your responses were always very timely. The delivery crew was fantastic, prompt, extremely professional and a really nice group of guys, you are fortunate to have them working for you. I will definitely be recommending your company to family & friends. - Patti Silva Surprise Birthday Party in Wethersfield, CT Our Sailcloth Tent was beautiful! Our Sailcloth Tent was beautiful! Connecticut Rental provided "one stop shopping" for all our wedding needs and was a pleasure to deal with in throughout the planning process. - Bob and Diana at River Museum Connecticut I could not have been happier with CT Rental Center! For my wedding on May 2, 2015 we rented the Wadsworth Tent (with liner) and a dance floor, and I could not have been happier with CRC. They were very accommodating, quick to reply to my emails, and gave me no problems with setup or teardown. I would recommend CRC to anyone getting married at Wadsworth because they are the only ones that offer the custom tent, which fits the patio perfectly and allows for full use of all the doors. - Ashlan Middletown, CT Very professional and fast You were great to work with! From start to finish, you made what I thought was going to be a difficult rental process, very simple! Also, the men who came and delivered and picked up the tables/tablecloths were all very professional and fast! - Lori Horn Ivoryton, CT On time, and exactly what we ordered. they made renting very easy. On time, and exactly what we ordered. they made renting very easy. - Uber Dami Middletown, CT Everything was picture pefect! I have used CT Rental for all of my parties. Their crew is delightful and professional. Their staff is knowledgeable and very helpful. Joanne had many wonderful suggestions for my daughter's wedding and, as a result, her day was perfect. Tom is always helpful and very knowledgeable. We had my sister's wedding at our home and everything was picture perfect. Overall, it has always been a great experience to use CT. Rental. - Anonymous Connecticut Repeat Customer! I have been renting from CT rental for decades. From tents, tables, and chairs to sanders, rototillers, power washers, the set up (when needed) was always fast, efficient, and friendly, Tom, Bob, & Sal know the business inside out. The directions are ALWAYS crystal clear, and if there was ever any confusion, a quick call always cleared up the questions. - Bud Z. Connecticut They were so helpful! They were great! They did bring the wrong plates, but they brought the right ones that very next morning so there were no worries! They were so helpful (we rented everything from the tents to the dancefloor, to the tables, and linens from them. They had a great set up for you to look a everything at. Their tent was amazing! It rained horribly on our wedding day and we were outside, but everyone stayed dry! - Anna Madison, CT Wonderful Staff Such wonderful staff to work with! One-stop shopping for everything!! - Noreen F I will definitely be recommending your company to family & friends. Thanks so much for all of your help, it was so professional and your responses were always very timely. The delivery crew was fantastic, prompt, extremely professional and a really nice group of guys, you are fortunate to have them working for you. I will definitely be recommending your company to family & friends. - Patti S. Wethersfield, CT What a great company What a great company. Excellent management, caring and highly ethical. - Alan Riedel CT Proudly serving the Connecticut (CT) Communities including Ansonia, Beacon Falls, Berlin, Bethany, Branford, Chester, Cheshire, Clinton, Cromwell, Deep River, Derby, Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, East Haven, Essex, Guilford, Haddam, Hamden, Killingworth, Madison, Meriden, Middlebury, Middletown, Middlefield, Milford, Moodus, Naugatuck, New Haven, Newington, North Branford, North Haven, Old Saybrook, Orange, Oxford, Portland, Prospect, Rocky Hill, Seymour, Southbury, Southington, Wallingford, Waterbury, Westbrook, West Haven, Wolcott, Woodbridge, Middlesex County, Hartford County, New Haven County, and Tolland County.
0.999999	Database software, as the term meaningfully suggests, is/are tools to create and/or manage database engines. A database is basically a repository of data, and the job of any database engine is not just to store the data, but also be able to retrieve them efficiently enough to form important information. There are quite a few database software that are compliant with Mac systems, among which there are some that are free while others have to be paid for. Given below is a list of 10 such free database software for Mac : Part 1 1. SQLiteManager Features and functions: · Thisfree database software for Macprovides a complete support platform for REALSQL servers. · The SQLiteManager not just supports SQLite2 and SQLLite3, but also supports the conversion of a SQLite2 database into one of SQLite3. · This database software provides certain advanced features that have been built into the software, such as query optimizer, language reference and virtual machine analyzer, etc. Pros of SQLiteManager: · Most database operations - be it insert, delete, table view, triggers - all are handled effectively by SQLiteManager. Tables can be dropped, created, or renamed with no hindrance. · This database software not just helps as a query machine but also helps generate reports effectively. · Blob data can be read and shown by SQLiteManager in TIFF, JPEG, or QuickTime format. · Importing and/or exporting mechanism is effectively handled. Cons of SQLiteManager: · Although frequently used SQL queries are specially categorized, it is a drawback that frequently used databases are not listed up separately. Using the file dialogue each time does get tedious. · This database manager works perfect for simple queries but fails to handle complex or large filter criteria. User comments/reviews: · SQLiteManager is a fairly thorough app. It provides a neat GUI into SQLite if you know your SQL. · It offers basic data viewing/editing facilities. · Unlike many alternative applications, SQLiteManager does open SQLite database files on AppleShare volumes, uses a proper Mac OS Cocoa GUI (not ugly Java) and allows editing of views. http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/14140/sqlitemanager Screenshot: Part 2 2. OpenOffice.org Features and functions: · OpenOffice.org is a database management tool that has been designed to function in a way that it replaces the need of Microsoft office for Mac users. · Thisfree database software for Macsupports multiple languages and is found to be compatible with most office suites, which makes it possible to alter documents created through Word or Powerpoint. · The OpenOffice.org program comprises six components that include the Formula and Calc for mathematical applications and spreadsheets, respectively, Draw, Write, base and Impress. While the last component is used for handling presentations, base is the database management component. Pros of OpenOffice.org: · This database management tool provides flexibility and sophistication in working with a various formatted files. · Starting from preparing and presenting spreadsheets to managing large pool of data, this software is a perfect one. Cons of OpenOffice.org: · The performance of the OpenOffice.org software does find a low for having Java as its basic program which often slows down this database software. · The database software fails to respond in opening, printing, or formatting Office documents. User comments/reviews: · High (though not perfect) compatibility with Microsoft Office files from Windows or Mac. · Lots of free templates available online, including a report writer. · Very compatible with Word documents. Once you get used to the layout of the tool bars you have a very good word processing substitute. Students can download it and not worry about their budget. http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/9602/openoffice https://ssl-download.cnet.com/Apache-OpenOffice/3000-18483_4-10209910.html Screenshot: Part 3 3. Bento Features and functions: · Bento is afree database software for Macthat provides users with a personalized approach towards database management by providing for proper organization of personal files and folders, calendar schedules and contacts, events, project activities, etc. · Bento allows for a view of data and information in a customized way. Elements can be dragged or dropped for view and presented in any format that is suitable to the user. · This database software provides for media type fields as well and one can easily transfer photos and images from iPhone and such devices. Pros of Bento: · Thisfree database software for Machelps in searching for data, sorting them, and viewing information specific to user preferences. · Templates can be chosen from a wide available range and database creation is made user-friendly through the intuitive Bento interface. · Integration with iCal and the Address book is a major benefit. · Label printing as well as export of database to other users are enabled through Bento. Cons of Bento: · Strength and spontaneity of a database engine, such as MySQL, etc. cannot be acquired. · Many users have reported to have lost their data post upgrade to higher versions of the program. · Starting the program does take up some time often. User comments/reviews: · It is a perennial favorite because of how simple it is to use and how easy it is to sync data between your computer and your iOS devices. · Bento, by using the print dialog, effectively eliminates your need to fiddle with merge fields, which pretty much takes the difficulty out of the whole process. http://www.macworld.com/article/1158903/bento4.html Screenshot: Part 4 4. MesaSQLite Features and functions: · This database management tool enables editing and analysis or creating summary of SQLite3 engine data. · One of the most advantageous features of MesaSQLite is that it helps keeping connections to more than one database open at a single instance. · The interface for this program is of a tabular format which renders useful for new users. Pros of MesaSQLite: · Design and creation or alteration of any database in SQLite3 is easily acquired. · This software is competent enough to export data into code of REAL Basic format, which basically creates a backup dump that would comprise of the structure as well as contents of the database. · The dump, in turn, would help in exporting custom queries and the screen with content into appropriate tables of .xls or .csv formats, tab, etc. Cons of MesaSQLite: · Advanced and complex level database management operations fail to be handled effectively by thisfree database software for Mac. · Rollbacks and errors are not too well documented and hence lack understandability. User comments/reviews: · Easy to set up and use. Well laid out GUI. · Handles all DB's I've fed it so far. · The query builder is very good. · I also love the simplicity of use. · It's great to see this as a native Cocoa app, rather than some of the ugly Java alternatives. MesaSQLite opens database files on AppleShare volumes, which a few others choke on. http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/26079/mesasqlite https://ssl-download.cnet.com/MesaSQLite/3000-2065_4-166835.html Screenshot: Part 5 5. MDB Explorer Features and Functions: · Thisfree database software for Macenables viewing MDB files in an easy and quick manner without any license of Access. · Tables from multiple databases of varied access can be opened, provided they fall into proper column, table relations and index structure. · This software helps generate SQL files that would be compatible with the prevalent systems of database management such as Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, SQLite, PostgreSQL, etc. Pros of MDB Explorer: · Filtering of data is achieved effectively through this database engine. · Functions for sorting and searching provide effective performance. · Ability to view text in full-screen mode is provided. · The MDB Explorer provides support for data in Unicode format. Cons of MDB Explorer: · Most operations demand in-app purchases. · Access 97 files can be opened properly, others fail to be opened or supported. User comments/reviews: · I needed this app to simply convert an access database to a series of xml files for each table. Works just fine. · It doesn’t require you to open any command prompts, restart you machine or even call you computer savvy cousin, this is a 3 minutes job you can do yourself. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/accdb-mdb-explorer-open-view/id577722815?mt=12 http://blog.petermolgaard.com/2011/11/22/working-with-access-databases-mdb-files-on-mac-osx/ Screenshot: Part 6 6. MAMP Features and functions: · This database engine is popularly known as the MAMP software, which is an abbreviated name for Macintosh, Apache, MySQL and PHP, for it allows installation of all the said software in just few easy steps and clicks. · The MAMP software works by installing an environment in the local server on the individual's Mac system, without compromising with any of the existing server setups of Apache. · Removing the installation is as easy for it just involves deletion of the respective folder and doesn't hamper the settings of OS X. Pros of MAMP: · Control and usage of the software is very for users through just a widget that is simple and present at the desktop. · The application of this software does not require any knowledge of scripts, nor involves too many configuration and changes. · The database management tool is efficient yet simplified in design and usage. Cons of MAMP: · This database software is not suitable for web servers that are hosted live. · For servers that are live on the web, an additional OS X server is needed along with the Linux or apache server that is provided. User comments/reviews: · There's an installer just because MAMP folder contains all your project files and database and it takes care of migrating all your data when you update an older version. Something that you can't do with a simple drag and drop. · Besides some additional features like ffmpeg etc. very great app. · Just excellent; industrial software configured into a stand-alone environment on your Mac! It just works and works well. · Great software. Easy to install and use, very reliable and an ideal environment. http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/16197/mamp Screenshot: Part 7 7. SQLEditor Features and functions: · The functionality that gives SQLEditor an edge over other software for database management is that it is a tool that not only manages database operations but also works as an ERD [Entity-Relationship Diagram] tool. · An appealing feature of thisfree database software for Macis that it allows import as well as export of Ruby On Rails type migration files. · The traditional SQL typing is replaced with drag and drop operations and creation and management of database and information through clicks and interface, which helps speed up procedures. Pros of SQLEditor: · The SQLEditor works on the concept of reverse engineering - which enables the import of existential database to diagrams and this tool would help in creation of diagram for users. · JDBC connections can be established for effective transport and export of diagrams created through editor to MySQL and Postgresql. · DDL files can be communicated to and from this editor. Cons of SQLEditor: · The SQLEditor fails to determine any relationship set up in database environments that do not recognize parameters of Foreign Key constraints. Mandating the use of foreign key relationships in all table structures is a drawback of the SQLEditor. · Specifying custom field lengths is not made easy or allowable. User comments/reviews: · This product is an essential piece of software for anyone doing any database development. · It consistently helps us with everything from graphically documenting existing databases (ERDs) to creating/maintaining new systems. · I use this as a teaching/demonstration tool to teach database concepts at university. It is a great tool for visualising database design, and simple to use. · I have used it over a couple of versions, and the feature set is maturing nicely. Well worth the price. https://ssl-download.cnet.com/SQLEditor/3000-2065_4-45547.html Screenshot: Part 8 8. DbWrench Database Design Features and functions: · Thisfree database software for Macnot just helps designing databases but also aids in synchronizing them. · This software has a number of components developed within that help address advanced database concepts and related engineering practices such as Information Engineering, Barker, and Bachman, etc.. · Diagramming features are one of the specific functionalities that provide for editing items of the database in the diagram directly. · Both forward and reverse engineering are supported through this database management tool - that is, scripts for SQL in DDL structure can be updated through single clicks as well as database inserts and updates in tables can be done through forms generated automatically and changes in server database would be synchronized and reflected back into database designs. · Auto naming feature of DbWrench Database Design software allows enforcing conventions for naming; also, the software enables addition of foreign key(s) faster. Pros of DbWrench Database Design : · Insert, update, and such operations in database are accompanied with validations on data entry and provision for foreign key specific combo-boxes for individual fields. · The software has a dedicated and advanced editor for SQL scripts and coding. The SQL syntax is highlighted as per design. · Abbreviated titles can be created for entity names and commands that are commonly used. · The DbWrench Database design software is compatible with multiple vendors. With a single license, it supports MySql, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server as well as PostgreSQL. · Templates can be designed to create columns faster. · HTML documentation is also provided for. · Large database diagrams can be easily worked with through navigators. Cons of DbWrench Database Design: · The designing concepts and interfacing might need some training to be acquired by users. · Modification of designs need much time, thereby making it an issue where users have to invest more time and effort. User comments/reviews: · DbWrench is written in pure Java allowing it run on numerous operating systems. · Its multi vendor and multi platform functionality makes it ideal for heterogeneous database environments. http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/20045/dbwrench Screenshot: Part 9 9. iSQL-Viewer Features and functions: · An exclusive feature of the iSQL-Viewer is the specific design that makes two ends meet - the needs of developers of database as well as JDBC drivers are appropriately addressed, thereby enabling easy. · Thisfree database software for Macis 2/3 JDBC compliant. · The front end for this tool is written in Java. Pros of iSQL-Viewer: · The user interface has been enhanced to support cross-platform SQL operations. · Common tasks related to database management can be executed effectively through this software with a variety of tools and features such as the SQL bookmark, history tracking, etc. · It is possible to successfully view as well as browse through database objects, elements, and schema. Cons of iSQL-Viewer: · It requires a query for the button run operation, which is a major drawback. · Novice users need time as well as training to get accustomed to the system as it is not too easy to work with. · Installation of JDBC driver is required which, again, needs quite some knowledge for the user to get started. User comments/reviews: · Great Bookmarking and parameter substitution. ·This is a very good JDBC Java based SQL Query tool. It is meant for use by developers but anyone could use it with a little patience. https://ssl-download.cnet.com/iSQL-Viewer/3000-10254_4-40775.html Screenshot: Part 10 10. RazorSQL Features and functions: · A database management tool that manages all major database insert and retrieval operations, browsing other database environment and conducting queries is the RazorSQL. · Thisfree database software for Macis undoubtedly the universal management software, for it, unlike other vendors, offers an environment that has built-in capabilities of connection to most major database environments including PostgreSQL, Firebird, Informix, HSQLDB, Openbase, etc. · The results retrieved on querying with this tool renders a syntax-highlighted window to edit queries. Pros of RazorSQL: · It does not require any administration from the end user. · The software package is complete and is delivered with an engine that is smart enough to handle operations out-of-the-box, with its relational database system that comes as a built-in capability. · The RazorSQL provides a robust solution for it supports programming in not just SQL, but also PL/SQL, PHP, TransactSQL, xml, Java, HTML, and eleven such languages. Cons of RazorSQL: · Despite its powerful approach to database management and information retrieval, this tool fails to prove intuitive to new users and learners in this field. · Errors encountered need to be sorted with technical expertise, which is a drawback for the tool does not provide support for the same. User comments/reviews: ·This is the best All-in-One SQL editor I have found for MySQL, MS SQL, SQLite and a few others I've needed to check, edit and query. · This is an excellent piece of software. I would highly recommend it for any developers. ·It's regularly maintained and added to, and represents one of the all time bargains against some much more expensive software. https://ssl-download.cnet.com/RazorSQL/3000-10254_4-10555852.html Free Database software for Mac You Might Also Like Other Popular Articles From Wondershare Selena Lee chief Editor 0 Comment(s) Top List Software Software for Entertainment Free Animation Software For Mac Free Script Writing Software Macs Free Drawing Software For Mac Top 3 Free Landscaping Software For Mac Top 3 Free Garden Design Software Mac Top 3 Free Business Plan Software For Macs Best Screen Time Apps Top Software for Mac Home Design Software for Mac Floor Plan Software for Mac Interior Design Software for Mac Free Scanning Software for Mac Landscape Design Software for Mac Free Cad Software For Mac Free Ocr Software For Mac Top 3 Free Astrology Software For Mac Free Database Software For Mac/li> Top 5 Vj Software Mac Free Top 5 Free Kitchen Design Software For Mac Top 3 Free Inventory Software Mac Free Beat Making Software For Mac Top 3 Free Deck Design Software For Mac Free Animation Software For Mac Top 5 Free Logo Design Software Mac > How-to > Latest News & Tactics About Smart Phones > Top 10 Free Database Software for Mac Hero Products Filmora UniConverter Recoverit Dr.Fone PDFelement FamiSafe All Products Wondershare Creative Center About Us Newsroom Global Presence Founder's Speech Careers Help Center Contact Us Video Community Support Center Activation & Registration Account Group member Follow us Terms and Conditions Privacy Cookies License Agreement Refund Policy Uninstall Copyright © Wondershare. 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0.9997	The Bayesian approach to model selection allows for uncertainty in both model specific parameters and in the models themselves. Much of the recent Bayesian model uncertainty literature has focused on defining these prior distributions in an objective manner, providing conditions under which Bayes factors lead to the correct model selection, particularly in the situation where the number of variables, <italic>p</italic>, increases with the sample size, <italic>n</italic>. This is certainly the case in our area of motivation; the biological application of genetic association studies involving single nucleotide polymorphisms. While the most common approach to this problem has been to apply a marginal test to all genetic markers, we employ analytical strategies that improve upon these marginal methods by modeling the outcome variable as a function of a multivariate genetic profile using Bayesian variable selection. In doing so, we perform variable selection on a large number of correlated covariates within studies involving modest sample sizes. In particular, we present an efficient Bayesian model search strategy that searches over the space of genetic markers and their genetic parametrization. The resulting method for Multilevel Inference of SNP Associations MISA, allows computation of multilevel posterior probabilities and Bayes factors at the global, gene and SNP level. We use simulated data sets to characterize MISA's statistical power, and show that MISA has higher power to detect association than standard procedures. Using data from the North Carolina Ovarian Cancer Study (NCOCS), MISA identifies variants that were not identified by standard methods and have been externally 'validated' in independent studies. In the context of Bayesian model uncertainty for problems involving a large number of correlated covariates we characterize commonly used prior distributions on the model space and investigate their implicit multiplicity correction properties first in the extreme case where the model includes an increasing number of redundant covariates and then under the case of full rank design matrices. We provide conditions on the asymptotic (in <italic>n</italic> and <italic>p</italic>) behavior of the model space prior required to achieve consistent selection of the global hypothesis of at least one associated variable in the analysis using global posterior probabilities (i.e. under 0-1 loss). In particular, under the assumption that the null model is true, we show that the commonly used uniform prior on the model space leads to inconsistent selection of the global hypothesis via global posterior probabilities (the posterior probability of at least one association goes to <italic>1</italic>) when the rank of the design matrix is finite. In the full rank case, we also show inconsistency when <italic>p</italic> goes to infinity faster than the square root of <italic>n</italic>. Alternatively, we show that any model space prior such that the global prior odds of association increases at a rate slower than the square root of <italic>n<italic> results in consistent selection of the global hypothesis in terms of posterior probabilities. Type Dissertation Department Statistical Science Subject Statistics Biology, Genetics Applied Mathematics Bayes Model Uncertainty Genetic Association Studies Model Space Priors Permalink https://hdl.handle.net/10161/2482 Citation Wilson, Melanie Ann (2010). Bayesian Model Uncertainty and Prior Choice with Applications to Genetic Association Studies. Dissertation, Duke University. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/2482. Collections Duke Dissertations More Info Show full item record This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. Rights for Collection: Duke Dissertations Make Your Work Available Here How to Deposit Browse All of DukeSpaceCommunities & CollectionsAuthorsTitlesTypesBy Issue DateDepartmentsAffiliations of Duke Author(s)SubjectsBy Submit DateThis CollectionAuthorsTitlesTypesBy Issue DateDepartmentsAffiliations of Duke Author(s)SubjectsBy Submit Date
0.999621	Martin Luther King Jr. taught a class on philosophy for one semester at his alma mater, Morehouse College in Atlanta. Story highlights Martin Luther King Jr.'s class at Morehouse College was in 1962 His 8 students knew of him, but he was not yet world-famous The students share their memories of King as teacher and inspiration Martin Luther King Jr. taught exactly one class his entire life. It was in 1962 in Atlanta -- a year before he would give his "I Have a Dream" speech in the nation's capital. King had just moved back to his hometown to become co-pastor at Ebenezer Baptist Church, where his father was in the pulpit. The church was such an influential voice, the King family was considered royalty in the city's African-American community. After leading the Montgomery bus boycott of the mid-'50s, King was nationally known in his own right. The international fame that would follow the Nobel Peace Prize had yet to come. To many of the students in his class at Morehouse College -- King's alma mater -- he was considered a mentor, even a member of the family. He taught social philosophy -- the scholarly soul of the civil rights movement. The syllabus was demanding; students were expected to read the greatest thinkers of political theory: John Stuart Mill, Hegel, Rousseau, Socrates, Plato and more. His final exam asked: Would Adam Smith or Karl Marx support the nonviolent theory of social change? The class met weekly for one semester. King's work often kept him away, so he enlisted a co-teacher: Samuel Williams, a member of the Morehouse faculty and pastor at a nearby church. King was too busy to give the course his full attention, but preparing for it gave him time to reflect on his future, according to David Garrow's Pulitzer-winning book, "Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference." A photo from the Morehouse yearbook shows King in a classroom. Students say the class sometimes moved outdoors. "I know I would not always be a leader," the book quotes King as saying. "I will not always be in the public eye and in the news. ... I feel that there are many things just as important ahead for me, and I have almost an eagerness to give the rest of my life to the pursuit of the cultural, intellectual and aesthetic ideas I've been pulled away from by this struggle. Bernice King's difficult journey "Not now of course," King added with a pause, "but someday." He spoke these words six years before he was assassinated. Eight students stayed with the class: six Morehouse men and two women from Spelman College. Among them were Julian Bond, who would go on to become a legislator, and Amos Brown, who would move out West to lead a major congregation. "When you were there, it's not like you are thinking, 'This is incredible,'" student Mary Worthy recalled. "He's not saying, 'I'm a great guy.' He didn't have to -- we knew that just being with him." She and her classmates were already knee-deep in civil rights activism; now was their chance to learn from the master tactician about the movement's ties to its academic and philosophical underpinnings -- scholarly thinking that abhorred inequality; reasoned ideas that stretched back centuries. All eight were touched by King, and they would go on to use their activism and energy -- and the lessons from that class -- to change history. Here are their stories, in their own words. They have been edited for brevity and clarity. Barbara Adams: 'We didn't see ourselves as heroes' She was served hot chocolate by John F. Kennedy, was taken to a Joan Baez concert by her history professor and got to meet the Rockefellers. But one of the highlights of Barbara Adams' time at Spelman College was the course taught by King. Married and now Barbara Carney, she went on to be a consultant to children's authors so her daughter "could have people to read about that looked like her." She and her husband owned a bookstore that became a kind of intellectual center in Columbia, Maryland. After moving to North Carolina she worked her "buns off" for Barack Obama in 2008. Here, she remembers King's class and other highlights from her college days: Barbara Adams says King taught about nonviolence as "a way of living and bringing about change." I loved philosophy and I had taken as many courses as I could in the subject, and when I heard that he was going to be teaching social philosophy and we were going to get to study the scholarship behind nonviolence, you couldn't stop me. I never went to jail but I was very involved with the movement. I was always a behind-the-scenes person. I truly enjoyed (the class). I remember sitting outside for a couple of classes. In my mind's eye I can see Julian (Bond) lying back, his legs crossed, having this intense conversation. I can remember Mary (Worthy), how quiet and neat and smart she was. She had a real calmness about her when everyone else would be debating. I was kind of hyper sometimes and very talkative, but she was always calm and thoughtful. And I remember Ben Berry talking with that voice of his. It was a hard class in the sense that there was a lot of reading and understanding great thinkers. It was relaxed in that it was more like a conversation rather than a lecture. It was hard in that we had to come to grips with nonviolence as more than just a political tactic. He wanted us to understand it was a way of living and bringing about change. Right at the moment when you would rather reach out and strike out, you actually had to be still. That's what so angered the whites in the South. We were justified in retaliating and hitting, but we wouldn't. So then to go in and read about Gandhi and his life in a totally different culture using the same kinds of methods and seeing the same results ... that was a strong argument to me that it was effective. I do remember the paper I wrote for him. I got a B on it. Yes, I still have it. It's in a box someplace. I was surprised to see that he read and graded it himself. Generally though, it was fun, I don't remember being apprehensive or anything. If anything, we were generally wide-eyed and very present and we were so wanting to change the world. We didn't really know we were in the midst of a man who in the future would be considered great. We knew he was a man with a vision, sure, but he seemed so ordinary and so down to earth and he was so easy to talk to, even more than some of my other professors. I mean we respected and admired him, but we never dreamed that he would become a Nobel Prize winner or that he would become a martyr. He was not a puffed-up man. When you are in college there sometimes is a dynamic where it's like "I am a professor and you are the lowly student." It wasn't like that. He was always so humble, and to see where he went in life, it was so amazing to me. He definitely had the charisma and there was something about him, but we sat with him. We talked with him. We were comfortable with him. I did have other professors that we were all in awe of, but it wasn't like that with him. We knew he was smart and he was sincere about what he was doing. I don't remember him having many notes when he taught, but he knew the subject of nonviolence so well. Adams, now Barbara Carney, became a book consultant so her daughter "could have people to read about that looked like her." Later on I got very involved in the peace movement and I remember marching at the White House. People from all over the country came to protest against Vietnam and JFK was there. My mother saved all the newspaper clippings. It was an exciting time, but it was also cold since it was February. I remember JFK sent out hot chocolate to us and he stood behind the fence and talked to us. Spelman was such a good place for me. My senior year I had a class with (the famous liberal historian) Howard Zinn. I was his only student in the class. He took me and some of my friends to a Joan Baez concert, and I absolutely love her 'til this day. A bunch of us were always at his house on campus talking about issues, and we'd get to meet people like the visiting Russian professor he had over. It was like that at Spelman. The Rockefellers came and we were invited to have lunch with them and all these different people. I felt extremely privileged to have lived in that time. I look back and say, "Wow, if we had only known we were ordinary people living in extraordinary times." We didn't see ourselves as heroes or anything. We saw ourselves as doing what needed to be done. 5 faces of the March on Washington Benjamin D. Berry Jr: 'They literally locked him in the closet' When he died in October 2011, Benjamin D. Berry Jr. was a professor of history and African-American studies at Virginia Wesleyan College. Educated at Morehouse and Harvard, he began his career as a minister with his wife, Linda, by his side. They were married 47 years, had four children and were dedicated to the social gospel:- helping the poor and fighting racial injustice. Linda Berry tells her husband's story and discusses the mark King's class left and their friendship with the man they call "M.L.": Benjamin Berry's wife says he told her King didn't really lecture, but "drew out of them what the readings were." I didn't actually meet (my husband) until he was a seminary student at Harvard, so it was after the class he took with M.L., I'm afraid. He did bring up what that class was like, though. He said he only remembered two other people being in there -- Julian Bond and someone else. He couldn't remember the others, but at any rate he said he recalls that the class met once a week and they did an immense amount of reading, and in between they would sit and talk and talk. M.L. didn't really lecture. Instead, he used the Socratic method and drew out of them what the readings were. I did know Dr. King and met him because A.D. Williams King (Dr. King's younger brother) was pastoring a church in Louisville when we were there. M.L. would come to visit A.D. and his wife, and we would go over for dinner. The most important thing I can say about Dr. King was that he was human. He was immensely human and had a great sense of humor. A.D. was hysterical, too. My husband had a good sense of humor. He had to -- he put up with me for all those years. Now back at Morehouse, he was involved in the civil rights movement, even early on. But he was not as involved during the high time of the movement because Ben spent his junior year abroad in France. When they had the really big march in Atlanta, the guys in his fraternity knew he wanted to go, but they didn't let him go to the march. That's because he was supposed to go to Europe the week later. They literally locked him in the closet. They knew if he went he could face expulsion and it was a very positive thing in their mind that he was going to study abroad. His fraternity brothers who shoved him in the closet thought that really was as important as the march. One thing he really got from Dr. King and in the development of his faith at Harvard was his real devotion to the social gospel and the idea that true belief manifested itself in clothing the naked and feeding the hungry. Charles A. Black: 'It was generally pretty boring' Charles A. Black was involved in organizing so many sit-ins his nickname became "Sit Down Black." His friend and fellow civil rights leader Julian Bond says Black still leaves voice mail messages using that moniker. After college, he went on to run a consulting business with Bond and other civil rights leaders like John Lewis and Lonnie King. It helped supply a more diverse workforce to government offices. Today he continues his civil rights work, in addition to acting and voice work for TV and films. Charles Black recalls his teacher's "horrible monotone; it was nothing like how he sounded when he was giving a speech." What I remember about the class is that it met for two hours in the afternoon not even for a full year. My ex-wife told me I had to stop saying this, but I thought at the time it was generally pretty boring. We'd sit in a circle and Dr. King, he had this horrible monotone; it was nothing like how he sounded when he was giving a speech. But he would use this horrible monotone and would talk about all this heavy material, and it was after lunch so I know I'd get tired. I think in a way having him teach a class, it was Morehouse's way to give him some income and give him something to do. You know how poor he was. He really didn't make much money at all, so this was at least some steady income. I think there was an emphasis in the class more on multinational philosophy folks like Gandhi and it contextualized the philosophy of what we were doing with our protests. Looking at the great thinkers like Plato and Socrates and Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence, this was a concept that had been around for a long time, and it was grounded in something much bigger than us. This was really at the core of all his great speeches. I do remember a good debate about Machiavelli and talking about do the ends justify the means. Dr. King disagreed; he said the end is inherent in the means. Nonviolence wasn't just about a philosophy; it was about what is right. (During the boycotts) we targeted Rich's since they were the highest profile department store at the time. At the time Rich's said that the protest wasn't a big deal, but I learned later that they lost $10 million in sales that year. That was a lot of money back in the '60s. Hundreds of people closed their accounts or sent us their Rich's credit card so they wouldn't use it. They didn't know us from Adam's house cat, but still they sent them in to us. We put them in the bank deposit box. Black still works for civil rights. He also acts and does voice work for TV and films. We were encouraged to do another group of protests, but it was getting on Easter and the merchants really wanted us to shop downtown again and there were all these businesses that had black owners that wanted the shoppers to come back. There was a real split in the community. The older people in the movement wanted us to give in and call it quits. Lonnie, Julian, and I knew what we needed to do. I said we need to get Martin Jr. here. He had just been in Alabama and he was sick with a terrible flu. He was at home and he didn't want to come in. But we called and convinced him that he had to be here. He said exactly the right thing. You would have thought that he walked on water after that. In my opinion, that was the best speech he had ever made. He brought us together. He said we could not afford the luxury of discounting the boycott. And the boycott did continue. Julian Bond: 'I'm so ashamed I didn't take notes' He was the first African-American nominated as vice president, although he was too young to accept. He was an outspoken member of the Georgia Legislature. He's even hosted "Saturday Night Live." But long before any of that, Julian Bond helped lead one of the first student sit-ins in Atlanta, where he was a student of King. To explain the protests, he and other students, including Charles Black, wrote "An Appeal for Human Rights," which ran as a full-page ad in the Atlanta newspapers and The New York Times. At the March on Washington, Bond passed out copies of John Lewis' speech, which movement leaders made him tone down for fear of offending the president. Listed as "Horace J. Bond" on the roster for King's class, he disagrees with his old friend and classmate Charles Black. He didn't think King was a "little boring." To him the class was a good philosophical grounding for a life's work in civil rights.
0.961689	If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. Results 1 to 1 of 1 Thread: Forcing session termination Thread Tools Show Printable Version Subscribe to this Thread… Search Thread Advanced Search Display Linear Mode Switch to Hybrid Mode Switch to Threaded Mode February 7th, 2020, 02:39 PM #1 DarioCrivelli View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Administrator Join Date Jul 2006 Location Milan Posts 1,025 Forcing session termination There exist cases where you could need to disconnect a user from Lightstreamer Server. For example, if a user logs in multiple times from different clients and you don't want to support multiple push sessions for the same account. Or perhaps you may want to disconnect a user after a given amount of time since login, or when the authentication credentials have expired. Lightstreamer Server 7.1 has fully addressed this needs with an extension to the Metadata Adapter interface, so that a session can be forcibly closed by the Metadata Adapter instance which is currently serving the session. Currently the extension is only available to In-Process Metadata Adapters; it has not been ported to Remote Adapters yet. The termination is accomplished through the forceSessionTermination methods in the new MetadataControlListener class. The Server kernel provides its listener object through the new optional setListener callback, which it invokes upon adapter startup. The following snippet of Metadata Adapter code exemplifies how you can enforce termination for a session that, for instance, has lasted for more than five minutes. ...................... private final Set<String> concurrentSessionSet = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet(); private static final ScheduledExecutorService expirationChecker = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1); private final int expiryTimeMinutes = 5; private volatile MetadataControlListener kernelListener; public void setListener(MetadataControlListener listener) { kernelListener = listener; } public void notifyNewSession(String user, String session, Map clientContext) throws CreditsException, NotificationException { concurrentSessionSet.add(session); expirationChecker.schedule(() -> { if (concurrentSessionSet.contains(session)) { kernelListener.forceSessionTermination(session); } }, expiryTimeMinutes, TimeUnit.MINUTES); } public void notifySessionClose(String session) throws NotificationException { concurrentSessionSet.remove(session); } ...................... By the way, for this particular use case the Server also provides a new utility callback, the optional getSessionTimeToLive, that is invoked for each session just created. So you can have simply: ...................... private final int expiryTimeMinutes = 5; public int getSessionTimeToLive(String user, String session) { // requires a time in seconds return expiryTimeMinutes * 60; } ...................... This callback has also not been ported to Remote Adapters yet. Another particular use case that is handled directly is when you have one instance of Lightstreamer Server only and you don't want to allow more than one session per user. In this case, you will simply throw a ConflictingSessionException from the notifyNewSession method of your Metadata Adapter. This is available for all Lightstreamer versions and all Adapter SDKs. Apart from the 7.1 extensions, the general way provided to enforce session termination is through the JMX interface. JMX (Java Management eXtensions) is a standard specification that allows an application to be controlled both internally and externally and both manually and automatically. Lightstreamer Server exposes a set of MBeans that give full control over the engine and the sessions. Since Server version 6.0, the simplest way to terminate a session through JMX is by calling the destroySession(sessionId) method on the ResourceMBean object. With previous versions, you just need to call the destroySession() method on the appropriate SessionMBean object. You can access MBean objects both from inside your Adapter and from any external Java application. A source code example is provided in a previous post, where the Metadata Adapter causes a session to be closed after it has lived longer than five minutes. The example is based on the SessionMBean technique. Note, however, that JMX interface is an optional feature of the Enterprise edition, which should be purchased separately, and it is not available for the Community edition. Moreover, the JMX interface requires a Java endpoint. If the license does not include JMX, or in case of non-java-based Remote Adapters - and for the general problem of terminating a session from anywhere in the back-end - the last resort is to connect to Lightstreamer Server from the client interface. In practice, you should connect to the instance of Lightstreamer Server serving the involved session and send a special HTTP request to force session termination. The sessionId of the session to terminate is sent as a parameter. SessionIds are random and complex enough to be quite impossible to guess, so no specific authentication is required to send such request. The protocol to use to express the termination request should match the protocol currently used by the client; but actually there is no such costraint and any supported protocol can be used. This allows us to use the simplest protocol available, which is the old text protocol (i.e. the SDK for Generic Clients up to build 1803, before the introduction of the TLCP protocol). A source code example is provided in a previous post (see first code snippet), where the Metadata Adapter causes a session to be closed after it has lived longer than five minutes. This protocol can be used always with Server 7.1. With 7.0 it may not be available for Enterprise licenses which only include the Web and/or Node.js SDKs. With earlier versions, it is available only for Presto and Vivace editions. For all other cases, you can resort to the old internal javascript protocol. A source code example is provided in the same previous post (see second code snippet). The latter solution works with all versions, editions, and licenses, making it a truly general solution.
0.986126	This is an archived article and the information in the article may be outdated. Please look at the time stamp on the story to see when it was last updated. KANSAS CITY, Mo. — Baseball games in empty stadiums could soon be a thing of the past. Major League Baseball announced on Feb. 1 that the season will start on time, and a limited number of fans will be allowed in the stands for games starting at Spring Training. Anyone going to a game this upcoming season will not need a COVID-19 test or proof of vaccination or even a temperature check. However, they will have to sit at least six feet apart from others and wear masks unless eating or drinking. There will also be a buffer zone around dugout, meaning no fans in first three rows unless a team puts up Plexiglas. Fans will also be allowed to watch as soon as Spring Training. If you want to fly to Surprise, Arizona, to see the Royals play in March, you can. T-Bones change name to Monarchs in partnership with Negro Leagues Baseball Museum Before last night’s decision, the MLB discussed shortening the season by eight games and delaying the start of the season by a month. They wanted to give the country more time to get more vaccine out there. However, the player’s union rejected their offer last night. This means the Royals and the other teams will play a full 162 game season and revert to the same rules as before the pandemic. No expanded playoffs, no seven inning doubleheaders, no starting extra innings with a runner at second base and no DH in the National League. MLB reclassifies Negro Leagues as major league It’s unclear how many fans will be allowed inside Kauffman Stadium. Most teams will allow around 25% capacity. If that spills over to the regular season, there could be as many as ten thousand fans inside Kauffman Stadium watching games this season. No more cardboard cutouts. So Salvy Perez, Brad Keller, Danny Duffy – all the Royals pitchers and catchers – will report to spring training in about two weeks with the regular season set to begin on April 1. See stories about the Royals on FOX4 The Major League Baseball Players Association today released the following statement on Players’ commitment to begin the 2021 season on time: pic.twitter.com/WCYtaeVqmH — MLBPA Communications (@MLBPA_News) February 2, 2021 Close Modal Suggest a Correction Your name(required) Your email(required) Report a typo or grammatical error(required) Submit Suggest a Correction Copyright 2021 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Share this story More Stories Josh Duggar trial: A timeline of events and everything to know by C.C. McCandless, Nexstar Media Wire / Nov 28, 2021 FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. (KNWA/KFTA) — Jury selection is set to begin on Tuesday in the the trial of former reality TV star Josh Duggar, 33, who is charged with one count of receipt of child pornography and one count of possession of child pornography. Duggar, best known for his family's role on the TLC show "19 Kids and Counting," faces up to 20 years in prison and fines of up to $250,000 on each count if convicted. Read the Full Article Woman vanishes under mysterious circumstances in California by Amy Larson / Nov 28, 2021 SANTA CRUZ, Calif. (KRON) – A 20-year-old Indiana woman has not been seen or heard from in three weeks since she vanished in California under mysterious circumstances, her family said. Lateche Norris traveled from Indiana to California to be with her boyfriend and enjoy San Diego's beaches, according to her family. Shortly after arriving in San Diego, she called her mother in distress from a stranger's phone on Nov. 5. Read the Full Article Sporting KC falls in the Western Conference Semifinals by PJ Green / Nov 28, 2021 KANSAS CITY, Kan. — A win over Real Salt Lake on Sunday would have put Sporting KC in the Western Conference Finals of the MLS Cup Playoffs. Instead, a late goal by Bobby Wood of RSL in the 91st minute lifted them to the Western Conference Finals.
0.99927	A new paper paints a disturbing picture of a nearby future where people are fighting over access to water. These post-apocalyptic-sounding "water wars" could rise as a result of climate change and population growth and could become real soon enough if we don't take steps to prevent them. The study, which comes from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), says that the effects of climate change will be combined with an ever-increasing number of people to trigger intense competition for increasingly scarce resources. This can lead to regional instability and social unrest. The paper pointed to several hotspots in the world where "hydro-political issues" are more likely to flare up. Not surprisingly, these are areas having problems with accessing fresh water and where a "transboundary" to water exists. That means the people in that area share some body of water, like a lake or a river. So in times of scarcity due to environmental factors and growing population, the water resources become thin and tensions result. In particular, the five most vulnerable hotspots highlighted by the paper include the Nile, Ganges-Brahmaputra, Indus, Tigris-Euphrates, and Colorado rivers. Fig. 2. Likelihood of hydro-political issues among the main transboundary basins (transboundary basin borders in black, non-transboundary areas shaded). Image: JRC The study was led JRC scientist Fabio Farinosi, who used machine learning to model the factors that could cause fights over water. The team's algorithm relied on information about previous occasions of water-linked conflicts. If you're wondering, water wars are nothing new for humans. As Gizmodo's George Dvorsky reports, this eye-opening water conflict database lists 551 such historical flare-ups. How likely are the water wars to arise? The researchers put such chances at 75 to 95% in the next 50 to 100 years. How bad they will be, of course, remains to be seen. Change in the likelihood of hydro-political issues considering the four future climate change and population scenarios Image: JRC Farinosi is hopeful the situation can be improved if we are ready, stating "It depends on how well prepared and equipped the countries are to cooperate." To help that cooperation, the team developed an index as well as a model for pinpointing the areas most at risk. The group is also putting together an in-depth analysis of the African river basins. Check out their new paper here, published in Global Environmental Change. https://bigthink.com/politics-current-affairs/where-the-water-wars-will-... Share this post Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Human Life Extension A Philosophical Look at Eating Meat Perseverance is a Skill You Can Teach to Others Investment in Quantum Computing Is Booming - But Will a Quantum Winter Follow? religion AI Lawyer Ross Has Been Hired By Its First Official Law Firm Someone Escapes From Poverty Every Second Cybersecurity Innovation Neuroeducation Countdown to the Singularity These are the 19 Cities With the Most Trees Zombie Followers Your Guide to Longevity Menu About us FAQ Agreement Сontact Articles Global Climate Crisis The Next Great Leap Forward? Combining Robots With the Internet of Things Why We Need the Humanities More Than Ever Stop Using Discriminatory AI - Human Rights Groups Say Deliberately Developmental Organizations The Shrinking Arctic Ice Protects Us All. Its Time to Act All Alone in the Night Post-Pandemic Era of Invention Creativity Will Be Key to Competing Against Artificial Intelligence in the Future Workforce Our Perseverance Rover Takes up Residence on Mars on This Week @NASA – February 20 2021 Artificial Intelligence and Big Data: A Powerful Combination for Future Growth This is Why Dutch Teenagers are Among the Happiest in the World Follow us Tweets London 4K Timelapse Drone Cinematic https://t.co/aYelvGDAj4 https://t.co/unV3bY1MLI Freedom and Safety (2 weeks ago) NASA's huge James Webb Space Telescope is one month from launch https://t.co/fJonvgQ3Ke https://t.co/ln4ufox8SO
0.980416	The terms "garlic routing" and "garlic encryption" are often used rather loosely when referring to I2P's technology. Here, we explain the history of the terms, the various meanings, and the usage of "garlic" methods in I2P. "Garlic routing" was first coined by Michael J. Freedman in Roger Dingledine's Free Haven Master's thesis Section 8.1.1 (June 2000), as derived from Onion Routing. "Garlic" may have been used originally by I2P developers because I2P implements a form of bundling as Freedman describes, or simply to emphasize general differences from Tor. The specific reasoning may be lost to history. Generally, when referring to I2P, the term "garlic" may mean one of three things: Layered Encryption Bundling multiple messages together ElGamal/AES Encryption Unfortunately, I2P's usage of "garlic" terminology over the past seven years has not always been precise; therefore the reader is cautioned when encountering the term. Hopefully, the explanation below will make things clear. Layered Encryption Onion routing is a technique for building paths, or tunnels, through a series of peers, and then using that tunnel. Messages are repeatedly encrypted by the originator, and then decrypted by each hop. During the building phase, only the routing instructions for the next hop are exposed to each peer. During the operating phase, messages are passed through the tunnel, and the message and its routing instructions are only exposed to the endpoint of the tunnel. This is similar to the way Mixmaster (see network comparisons) sends messages - taking a message, encrypting it to the recipient's public key, taking that encrypted message and encrypting it (along with instructions specifying the next hop), and then taking that resulting encrypted message and so on, until it has one layer of encryption per hop along the path. In this sense, "garlic routing" as a general concept is identical to "onion routing". As implemented in I2P, of course, there are several differences from the implementation in Tor; see below. Even so, there are substantial similarities such that I2P benefits from a large amount of academic research on onion routing, Tor, and similar mixnets. Bundling Multiple Messages Michael Freedman defined "garlic routing" as an extension to onion routing, in which multiple messages are bundled together. He called each message a "bulb". All the messages, each with its own delivery instructions, are exposed at the endpoint. This allows the efficient bundling of an onion routing "reply block" with the original message. This concept is implemented in I2P, as described below. Our term for garlic "bulbs" is "cloves". Any number of messages can be contained, instead of just a single message. This is a significant distinction from the onion routing implemented in Tor. However, it is only one of many major architectural differences between I2P and Tor; perhaps it is not, by itself, enough to justify a change in terminology. Another difference from the method described by Freedman is that the path is unidirectional - there is no "turning point" as seen in onion routing or mixmaster reply blocks, which greatly simplifies the algorithm and allows for more flexible and reliable delivery. ElGamal/AES Encryption In some cases, "garlic encryption" may simply mean ElGamal/AES+SessionTag encryption (without multiple layers). "Garlic" Methods in I2P Now that we've defined various "garlic" terms, we can say that I2P uses garlic routing, bundling and encryption in three places: For building and routing through tunnels (layered encryption) For determining the success or failure of end to end message delivery (bundling) For publishing some network database entries (dampening the probability of a successful traffic analysis attack) (ElGamal/AES) There are also significant ways that this technique can be used to improve the performance of the network, exploiting transport latency/throughput tradeoffs, and branching data through redundant paths to increase reliability. Tunnel Building and Routing In I2P, tunnels are unidirectional. Each party builds two tunnels, one for outbound and one for inbound traffic. Therefore, four tunnels are required for a single round-trip message and reply. Tunnels are built, and then used, with layered encryption. This is described on the tunnel implementation page. Tunnel building details are defined on this page. We use ElGamal/AES+SessionTag for the encryption. Tunnels are a general-purpose mechanism to transport all I2NP messages, and Garlic Messages are not used to build tunnels. We do not bundle multiple I2NP messages into a single Garlic Message for unwrapping at the outbound tunnel endpoint; the tunnel encryption is sufficient. End-to-End Message Bundling At the layer above tunnels, I2P delivers end-to-end messages between Destinations. Just as within a single tunnel, we use ElGamal/AES+SessionTag for the encryption. Each client message as delivered to the router through the I2CP interface becomes a single Garlic Clove with its own Delivery Instructions, inside a Garlic Message. Delivery Instructions may specify a Destination, Router, or Tunnel. Generally, a Garlic Message will contain only one clove. However, the router will periodically bundle two additional cloves in the Garlic Message: A Delivery Status Message, with Delivery Instructions specifying that it be sent back to the originating router as an acknowledgment. This is similar to the "reply block" or "reply onion" described in the references. It is used for determining the success or failure of end to end message delivery. The originating router may, upon failure to receive the Delivery Status Message within the expected time period, modify the routing to the far-end Destination, or take other actions. A Database Store Message, containing a LeaseSet for the originating Destination, with Delivery Instructions specifying the far-end destination's router. By periodically bundling a LeaseSet, the router ensures that the far-end will be able to maintain communications. Otherwise the far-end would have to query a floodfill router for the network database entry, and all LeaseSets would have to be published to the network database, as explained on the network database page. By default, the Delivery Status and Database Store Messages are bundled when the local LeaseSet changes, when additional Session Tags are delivered, or if the messages have not been bundled in the previous minute. As of release 0.9.2, the client may configure the default number of Session Tags to send and the low tag threshold for the current session. See the I2CP options specification for details. The session settings may also be overridden on a per-message basis. See the I2CP Send Message Expires specification for details. Obviously, the additional messages are currently bundled for specific purposes, and not part of a general-purpose routing scheme. As of release 0.9.12, the Delivery Status Message is wrapped in another Garlic Message by the originator so that the contents are encrypted and not visible to routers on the return path. Storage to the Floodfill Network Database As explained on the network database page, local LeaseSets are sent to floodfill routers in a Database Store Message wrapped in a Garlic Message so it is not visible to the tunnel's outbound gateway. Future Work The Garlic Message mechanism is very flexible and provides a structure for implementing many types of mixnet delivery methods. Together with the unused delay option in the tunnel message Delivery Instructions, a wide spectrum of batching, delay, mixing, and routing strategies are possible. In particular, there is potential for much more flexibility at the outbound tunnel endpoint. Messages could possibly be routed from there to one of several tunnels (thus minimizing point-to-point connections), or multicast to several tunnels for redundancy, or streaming audio and video. Such experiments may conflict with the need to ensure security and anonymity, such as limiting certain routing paths, restricting the types of I2NP messages that may be forwarded along various paths, and enforcing certain message expiration times. As a part of ElGamal/AES encryption, a garlic message contains a sender specified amount of padding data, allowing the sender to take active countermeasures against traffic analysis. This is not currently used, beyond the requirement to pad to a multiple of 16 bytes. Encryption of additional messages to and from the floodfill routers. Verwijzingen The term garlic routing was first coined in Roger Dingledine's Free Haven Master's thesis (June 2000), see Section 8.1.1 authored by Michael J. Freedman. Onion router publications Onion Routing on Wikipedia Garlic Routing on Wikipedia I2P Meeting 58 (2003) discussing the implementation of garlic routing Tor Free Haven publications Onion routing was first described in Hiding Routing Information by David M. Goldschlag, Michael G. Reed, and Paul F. Syverson in 1996.
0.999998	Seasonal changes, especially when transitioning from warmer to cooler months, can be a cause for skin worries. Decreasing temperatures mean a drop in humidity, taking much-needed moisture away from your skin. The cold weather can also leave your face looking duller, prone to cracking and flaking, and even cause acne flare-ups. Minimizing time outdoors and staying hydrated are good habits to keep up, but they may not be enough to make a significant impact. Much like changing your clothes to suit the season, the best way to battle the cold and prevent dry skin is to make changes to your skincare routine. Here are some tips perfect for keeping your skin healthy in the cold weather. 1Use a humidifier Getting a humidifier can help return and retain the moisture in your skin. It’s recommended to set the humidity level between 45% and 55% to have a significant effect on your skin. Keep the humidifier in your room, office, or any space you spend a bulk of your time in. Luckily, there are different types and sizes of humidifier units that can best suit your space. 2Avoid too much heat While the weather may have you wanting to keep warm and toasty, exposing your skin to excessive heat can also be harmful. Things like turning up the thermostat and taking long hot showers may drive the chill away, but also drive what little moisture your skin has. Resist the urge to use your heater excessively and opt to layer on clothes and blankets instead. It’s also recommended to limit your showers to 15 minutes or less with warm water rather than hot. 3Moisturize well and often Given that the cold weather can make your skin dry, investing in a good moisturizer is an absolute must. Ideally, your choice of moisturizer should contain ingredients like glycerin, which hydrates the skin, and ceramides, which provides hydration and creates a barrier to lock in the moisture. When applying your moisturizer after a bath, make sure to pat your skin dry instead of rubbing. Your skin should still be slightly damp as you use the moisturizer on your face. A body moisturizer can address dry skin on other parts of your body exposed to the elements, like your hands. Adding more moisturizing steps to your routine, such as masks and overnight creams, can help give your skin the boost of moisture it needs further. 4Put on sunblock This may sound counterintuitive during cold weather, especially if it’s cloudy and dark outside. While the sun may not be out, its harmful UV rays can still reach you, causing damage to your skin. On sunnier winter days, the snow can reflect the sun’s rays, increasing your UV exposure and putting your skin at risk. Sunscreens with zinc oxide or titanium oxide are very effective, as these ingredients create a layer that filters out the worst of the UV rays. Make sure to avoid sunscreens with comedogenic ingredients to prevent the chance of breakouts. 5Lessen facial exfoliating During colder months, take a step back from regular exfoliation in your skincare routine. With the weather drying out your skin, you won’t be doing it any favors by using facial scrubs or exfoliating toners. If you’re suffering from dehydrated skin, it’s better to cut it out of your routine entirely until the weather changes. 6Go for gentler products Given that your skin will be prone to drying and irritation in cold weather, you’ll need to switch to mild products. Choose cleansers and toners that don’t strip the natural moisture of your skin. Astringents like alcohol can work against your efforts to keep the skin hydrated. It’s also advisable to use soaps made with natural oils in order to add another source of moisture for your skin. Additionally, steer clear of skincare products that have synthetic fragrances and colors, which can aggravate any skin issues. It helps to keep in mind the difference between unscented and fragrance-free—the former makes use of a masking scent while the latter has no additional ingredients and feature the product’s natural smell. 7Wear soft clothing You may be prioritizing warmth over comfort for your winter wardrobe, but common cold-weather fabrics can aggravate your skin, making it itchy and irritated on top of being dry. If you have to venture out into the cold, having abrasive fabrics like wool and polyester directly on your skin can cause further irritation, especially around the neck area. Soft fabrics like cotton are a better choice for inner layers and undergarments. Heavier and warmer outerwear can be safely layered on top of these fabrics. Make sure to keep your hands protected from the elements with gloves or mittens made from fabrics that aren’t abrasive on the skin. If needed, have cotton or silk glove liners handy to layer under wool or other similar fabric gloves. 8Change out of wet clothes immediately Wet clothes and shoes caused by treading through the snow can contribute to further skin irritation and itchiness. Additionally, going out into the cold with damp skin can cause it to get chapped more frequently. Make sure to remove wet clothing as soon as possible and avoid letting wet skin be exposed to the elements. You can’t change the weather but you can change and adapt to it. By following these steps, your skin will thank you once you return to more fair-weathered months. Should you experience excessive dryness or irritation, it’s best to consult with a dermatologist for a more specialized solution. Related posts: Avoid the Weight Gain: 6 Reasons To Work Out During The Holidays Are You Neglecting You? If You Want To Lose Weight You Must Know How To Maximize Your Willpower 19 Ways to Get Motivated to Exercise Tags: Clothes, Healthy, Prevent Read more articles Previous PostTwo Newcomers to the Milk Game: Flax and Pea Milk Next Post5 Ways to Provide Support for Someone With Multiple Sclerosis You Might Also Like 21 Day Flat Belly Fix Review: Does this Fitness Program Really Work? 31/08/2021 B2B Vs B2C eCommerce: 6 Tips to Sell to Your Customers 10/09/2021 Pimsleur vs Rosetta Stone 2021: The Best Comparison Ever 20/08/2021 Leave a Reply Cancel reply Comment Enter your name or username to comment Enter your email address to comment Enter your website URL (optional) Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 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0.994536	#include using namespace std; vector generateBinaryTree(int n){ vector options = { 0, 1, 2 }; map mp; queue q; q.push(1); vector v; int count = 1; mp[1] = 1; while (!q.empty() or count < n) { int front; if(!q.empty()) { front = q.front(); q.pop(); } int numberOfChilds = options[rand() % (options.size())]; if (count >= n) continue; while (numberOfChilds–) { int child = rand() % n + 1; while (mp[child]) { child++; if (child > n) { child = 1; } } count++; mp[child] […] Continue Reading Find a set of at most N/2 nodes from a Graph such that all remaining nodes are directly connected to one of the chosen nodes admin March 14, 2021 #include using namespace std; void addEdge(vector& adj, int u, int v) { adj[u].push_back(v); adj[v].push_back(u); } vector BFS( int N, int source, vector adjlist) { int dist[N + 1]; vector vertex_set; memset(dist, -1, sizeof dist); vertex_set.assign(2, vector(0)); queue Q; Q.push(source); dist […] Continue Reading Search for: Recent Posts C program to find the Euclidean distance between two points Minimize increments to make digit sum of N at most S Print array after it is right rotated K times \| Set 2 Count of subsequences with sum two less than the array sum Minimize replacements to make any two of the three given strings equal Proudly powered by WordPress \| Theme: Magazine O by Ocean Themes. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Cookie settingsACCEPT Manage consent Close Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Necessary Necessary Always Enabled Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. Non-necessary Non-necessary Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.
0.999885	What is the Tp-link router and when does it start?. It was founded in 1996 by two brothers Zhao Jianjun and Zhao Jiaxing to produce the network card which they developed. They are famous for providing high-speed cable modem, wireless router, and routers but they also manufacture switch, ADSL, range extenders, IP cameras. It can be used both home and commercial uses because not it includes LAN(local area network) but also WAN(wide area network) with high speed, thus which makes it used both home as well as commercial uses. Due to some reason, it is people s’ favorite: Simple and compact Easy to setup Advanced features High internet speed Great customer support Good security Whereas tp-link also manufactures the On hub router for Google. Which makes it more trustee in people s view. Features of Tp-Link Some of the features you can access after the tp-link router login: Simple and Compact It is structured as a simple hard plastic box, in which antenna is attached in it. The number of the antenna depends on the model of the Tp-link router. Easy to setup Just follow the simple steps that I have to show you later in this article. You can access many benefits by just setup the tp-link router. Advanced features It provides the unique features of backup compatibility. It allows a good monitoring system and it also helps in saving extra data usages needlessly. High-speed Internet It provides high and constant internet speed for about 300mbs to the user and also provides good connectivity with good bandwidth. Security Features It provides your network more secure from any disputed attacked i.e. hackers, data leaking. Customized access control It gave a chance to the user to customize the access control according to your own requirement. You can also check the network administrator. Ways to log in a Tp-Link Router There are basically two ways to log in a Tp-link router: Direct Method So let start with the first method i.e. Direct method is one of the easiest methods you need to connect your device and Tp-link router only, then follow some simple steps to login Tp-link router: Step 1: Click on the internet browser i.e. Google chrome, safari, UC browser by searching on the windows search and then click on it. Step 2: Open the web browser and type your web address depend upon the router. Step 3: Enter your login id and password, use admin as the username and password. Step 4: After doing all the steps, the Tp-link router will be logged in. Now you are able to access the benefits of the Tp-link router. If this method doesn’t work then you can also check the alternate method as shown below. Alternate Method Install with the PPPOE Connection This is the alternate way to access the Tp-link router Step 1: Click on the internet browser i.e. Google chrome, safari, UC browser by searching on the windows search and then click on it. Step 2: Open the web browser and type 192.168.1.1. Step 3: Then go to the router s’ management page. Step 4: In the network option click on WAN which appears on the left side in the display. Step 5: Type to PPOE and enter the log in detail in it. Step 6: After doing all the steps save the setting and reboot your router. Step 7: Tp-link router also provides the additional feature of customizing the setting as per your requirement. Conclusion I hope you are able to access the tp-link router and enjoying the entire benefits i.e. high-speed internet, good security, advanced features, etc.
0.979595	Is it your ‘dream’ that when potential customers search for a product or service that you offer, that on page 1 of the search engine listings, your business ranks up there with other great companies? It is not a pipe dream; it can be a reality BUT, you need to be focused and committed – and you also need to be doing the right things, from setting your pages up correctly, to telling the search engines you exist to then staying committed, constantly pushing your website so that it looks and ‘feels’ authoritative and trustworthy. In this first part of a two part mini-series, here at Locally we take a look at how online, local businesses can figure in those top spots on page 1, starting with understanding the ranking equation used by one of the major search engines, Google. Why Google? It is huge. Gargantuan. It has the lion’s share of the search engine market (up to 90% according to some estimates). With 2 billion Internet users worldwide, it is probably not unrealistic to estimate that half of these will use Google as either their preferred or default search engine. It would be silly, almost the kiss of death to ignore Google, there are other search engines out there. However, for the purpose of this Locally Mini-Series, we will focus on Google. In a nutshell To understand how to win the coveted crown for a ‘Page 1 Top Spot’, you need to understand two things: How Google’s algorithm works – what it uses to rank pages Understand why your competitors are ranking higher than you, at that particular time. Google’s algorithm Ah yes, just like algebra at school, we can see your eyelids getting heavy as you prepare for a mid-afternoon nap but now is not the time. First thing’s first; apart from the very top executives at Google, no one really knows all the secrets, twists and turns that this search engine uses to create its magic page 1 list but, there are some highly intelligent technically minded people who have a fairly decent idea of how the algorithm crunches number and data. But, don’t forget that this algorithm also changes over time, so what was working this time last year, might not be delivering the results now. This way, the web is kept vibrant and fresh. Walking in Google’s shoes – try and see what it sees Basically what we are saying is this: when a customer searches for something on the Internet using its browser, they want to see results that are accurate. We all know the frustration of surfing for information on something specific, only to find that what we get is some tripe from a far off place that makes no sense. And so, you need to see what Google will see when it takes a look at your website – think relevance, popularity and quality. If people are buying from or using a website, it must be offering something worth having. It must offer a worthwhile buying experience, and customers must be happy with it. Hence, to Google, that website looks a fairly good one, so they move it up the rankings… Simple? In that case, your website needs to show good it is relevant, popular and offers high quality experience, such as an authoritative blog or news section, along with FAQs and the like. In this way, customers may also be reviewing your products or services, liking your page, enjoying your tweets and just generally in conversation with you. Google says that it has 200 variable factors that it uses to rank websites but, there are some things that can be done that will help you website climb the slippery pole on to page 1 – and stay there. So sharpen your elbows, because here are 6 factors that can influence your ranking with Google (yes, only 6… but they are important). The Locally Whistle Stop Tour of 6 Things You Can Do To Get a Higher Ranking with Google (might work with other search engines too!) Tickets please! Now fasten your seat belts and let’s look at the first 3 of these factors (the remaining 3 will be addressed in Part 2 of this blog post… due for publication on the Locally blog on Wednesday 5th November) Number 1: Page Titles This matters because it is a description of what the page is about. It must be accurate and at least 3 words long. So, in your page if you are targeting a particular keyword or phrase, then this should be included in your page title and in the right order. E.g. if your home page keywords were ‘local (and) online personalised gifts (for) sailors’ then you would use this in the page title html description. The (and) and (for) are in brackets to highlight that they are STOP words. These are words that Google does not count in its searches, simply because you would have all sorts of weird and wonderful results. There are literally hundreds more stop words… Number 2: Page text Search engines read words quickly and easily, but like the stop words from above, they don’t bother with the connective words, instead they look for the important ones, if you like; the more times the word or phrase pops up in the page, Google assumes that is what the page is about. Hence, if you want people to find you product or service because your business offers flexible website design for local online businesses, then this phrase would be used maybe two or three times, and other keywords or phrases that relate to this. In other words, the page is relevant. Over-stuffing – we think over-stuffing should be a word entered in the dictionary, a bit like oversharing. In any given 500 words, do not over-use your keyword or phrase – use it, at most, 5 times, but 3 or 4 will do just fine, or actually once may be enough. Over-using a phrase will make your text look artificial; it won’t look like to a eyes of a real person, and neither will it look right to Google (or any search engine). Number 3: keywords in the URL You also have control over whether these keywords appear in the page URL or not (not sure about URLs – check this out https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxu7eZrPUyQ) It can really help if your keywords are in the order that a person searching for something like your product or service would type them in; this is a little SEO tip which is why this blog post is called ‘getting ranked higher by Google’ because you never know, someone out there may be frustrated that their competitors are on page one and want to how they can be too… In summary We have covered three factors that we can directly influence how Google sees a website in terms of being relevant, authoritative and trustworthy and they are: Page titles Page text Keywords in the URL of a page Want to know what the other three factors are? Great! Join us on Wednesday November 5th when your second part of this Locally Mini-Series will be published – in the meantime, how does your website rank? Filed Under: General, Search Engine Optimisation Tagged With: algorithm, Google, links, page 1 rankings, page titles, PageRank, ranking, social signals, URLs locally.co.uk is owned by Fullworks Digital Ltd which is a company registered in England and Wales, company number: 07720957 Copyright © 2021 · Fullworks Digital Ltd
0.969012	Dust and chemicals in the air cause the fabric to deform. Cleaning (washing or dry cleaning) of upholstery and drapery fabrics should be done in accordance with the instructions given.Do not expose fabrics to direct sunlight. Especially dark colors fade faster than others. Therefore, consider this possibility while making your choice.Keep your product 25 cm away from the heater and at least 1 m away from heat sources such as electric or solid fuel stoves.Keep your product away from environments which have dust, humidity and direct sunlightMake sure that hard and sharp objects do not stay stuck to the fabric. If you have pets, be careful not to damage the fabric.Do not use alcohol-containing bleaches such as chemicals, soap, bleach, wet wipes for cleaning.Due to the use of flocked fabrics with a high pile height, the piles may lie in one direction after a certain period of time. This may create the impression that there is a color tone difference in the fabric, depending on the point of view and the difference in illumination. Washing Instructions The products must be washed in a short wash program at 30°C by turning them upside down.No other fabric of different color and quality should be added during washing.Bleach, whitening and stain remover should never be used in products, including light colors and white.Products should not be dried in direct sunlight. If drying by hanging, the product should be hung upside down. Cleaning Instruction Never leave your product stained.Before starting the cleaning process, remove the dust on the product.Clean the liquid substances by absorbing them with an absorbent cloth or paper towel, and remove the solid substances without damaging the fabric.Clean the product with a white soapy swab without pressing.Do not clean your product with machines or tools that will damage the product, such as a carpet washing machine or a hard brush.Do not dry under direct sunlight.*Note: Products with an easy-to-clean feature can be cleaned more easily.
0.912019	Uber just can't catch a break in China. Its formidable homegrown rival Didi Chuxing entered the market far earlier and just got a $1 billion shot in the arm from Apple. Didi is the result of a marriage between two Chinese companies that were previously battling each other for taxi-app supremacy: Didi Dache and Kuaidi Dache. The pair joined forces within a year of Uber's entry into China in 2014. The move combined customer bases and pooled investment dollars from backers of the merged firms, including tech heavyweights like Tencent (TCEHY) and Alibaba. Didi now claims 300 million users and 14 million registered drivers across 400 Chinese cities. The startup says it dominates the private car and taxi-hailing markets, with 1.43 billion rides completed on its platform last year. But who's driving this ride-hailing colossus? Here's the lowdown on Didi's two top executives: Jean Liu and Cheng Wei Cheng Wei: Founder, CEO and chairman At Didi: The company was born out of frustration: Cheng was often missing flights and getting delayed because he had trouble finding available cabs. Since founding Didi Dache, he's masterminded the merger with Kuaidi Dache and expanded the business into new areas -- customers can book buses or even take high-end cars out for a test drive. Before Didi: He spent eight years with Alibaba in a variety of roles. That included vice president for Alipay, a job that made him the firm's youngest general manager. Surprise! Cheng can't drive! Show me the money: Didi had so many interested investors that Cheng actually turned down some big names, including Goldman Sachs. But he later hired one of the people at Goldman who had approached Didi to invest in the firm: Jean Liu. Didi's future: "He has a fairly long term view about this business ... he is a visionary," said Jixun Foo, managing partner at GGV Capital, a venture capital firm that invested in Didi before the merger. One thing Cheng is mulling is how to use data to make transportation more efficient for drivers and passengers alike, Foo said. Age: 34 Education: Beijing University of Chemical Technology. Related: Apple bets big on Uber's China rival Jean Liu: President At Didi: Liu joined Didi Dache in August 2014 as chief operating officer. She was named president in early 2015, shortly before the tie-up with Kuaidi Dache was announced. Before Didi: She clocked up 12 years at Goldman Sachs, including time as managing director. She has served on the boards of a bunch of companies in different sectors, including fashion, health care and farming. Surprise! She will be one of the official torch carriers representing China this year at the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Tech royalty: She's the daughter of Liu Chuanzhi, founder of personal computer maker Lenovo. She also has three kids of her own. Dynamic duo: "She has been a fantastic addition to the team," Foo said. "She came with a background in banking and operation, and brings with her a different set of skills." Age: 38 Education: B.A., Peking University; M.S., Harvard University, both in computer science. CNNMoney (Hong Kong) First published May 17, 2016: 11:55 PM ET CNNMoney Sponsors SmartAsset Paid Partner These are your 3 financial advisors near you This site finds and compares 3 financial advisors in your area Check this off your list before retirement: talk to an advisor Answer these questions to find the right financial advisor for you Find CFPs in your area in 5 minutes NextAdvisor Paid Partner An Insane Card Offering 0% Interest Until Nearly 2020 Transferring Your Balance to a 14-Month 0% APR is Ingenious The Top 7 Balance Transfer Credit Cards On The Market Today Get $300 Back With This Outrageous New Credit Card U.S Crime + Justice Energy + Environment Extreme Weather Space + Science World Africa Americas Asia Australia Europe Middle East UK Politics 45 Congress Supreme Court 2018 Key Races Primary Results Business Markets Tech Media Success Video Opinion Political Op-Eds Social Commentary Health Food Fitness Wellness Parenting Vital Signs Entertainment Stars Screen Binge Culture Media Tech Innovate Gadget Mission: Ahead Upstarts Innovative Cities Style Arts Design Fashion Architecture Luxury Autos Video Travel Destinations Food & Drink Play Stay Videos Sports Pro Football College Football Basketball Baseball Soccer Olympics Video Live TV Digital Studios CNN Films HLNTV Schedule TV Shows A-Z CNNVR Shop CNN Underscored -Explore -Wellness -Gadgets -Lifestyle CNN Store More... 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0.999905	Sindel is a character in the Mortal Kombat fighting game series. She made her debut in Mortal Kombat 3. Sindel returned in Mortal Kombat 11 as a DLC character, being the fourth character available in the Kombat Pack. She also served as a secondary antagonist in the Aftermath Story Mode expansion, serving it alongside Shao Kahn. Contents 1 About Sindel 2 Game Information 3 Combat Characteristics 3.1 Powers and Abilities 3.2 Signature Moves 3.3 X-Ray/Fatal Blow 3.4 Other Moves 3.5 Fatalities 3.6 Brutalities 3.7 Other Finishers 4 Movie Appearance 4.1 Mortal Kombat: Annihilation 4.2 Mortal Kombat: Legacy 5 Quotes 5.1 Mortal Kombat: Deception 5.2 Mortal Kombat: Annihilation 5.3 Mortal Kombat (2011) 5.4 Mortal Kombat X 5.5 Mortal Kombat 11 5.5.1 Story Mode 6 Trivia 7 Errors 8 Navigation About Sindel Despite her menacing appearance, Sindel is kind and benevolent in nature, at least in the original timeline. She rules the Realm of Edenia alongside her daughter, Princess Kitana. Sindel's power appears to be of an inner, ethereal nature in more than one way. She is a distinctly older and more mature character, with flowing grey hair and a regal attitude befitting of her role as Queen of Edenia. She has a natural affinity with aerial magic, as evidenced by her ability to levitate and manipulate sonic waves. In Mortal Kombat: Deception, creator Ed Boon describes Sindel as a challenging character in more ways than one. Although Sindel is not one of the main characters in the series, she was involved in a big part of the game. This had to do with the fact that her rule over Edenia made her a target for many other rulers like Shao Kahn, Shinnok, and Onaga. Sindel was one of the few villainous characters to become heroic in the series. Sindel's backstory is retconned in Mortal Kombat 11, revealing that she had been evil all along, with her supposed unwillingness to marry Shao Kahn being a lie that she told to keep the Edenians (and especially Kitana) loyal to her. She resented Jerrod for trading away their powers and believing themselves to be no better than commoners, while falling in love with Shao Kahn's willingness to assert his own dominance and take what was his. Game Information Sindel was planned to be in Mortal Kombat 4, but was replaced by Fujin. Combat Characteristics Powers and Abilities Being an Edenian, Sindel possesses an array of mystical abilities. One of her trademark abilities is her ultrasonic, super-loud screaming. The strength and its properties seem to differ on the focus. This ranges from sonic blasts to a fierce sound wave that can outright blast an opponent's skin clean off. She can tone this down to a degree to paralyze the unwary. Another of her mystical powers is her prehensile hair which can be used as both a throw and a finisher in Mortal Kombat 3, where it would grow to extremely long lengths and be able to wrap itself around the opponent to throw and sometimes constrict them. Another of Sindel's distinguishing characteristics is her ability to levitate. Apart from serving as her win pose, she can use this to evade enemy attacks and deal damage simultaneously. Signature Moves Banshee Scream: One of her most well-known signature moves. She screams at super high volume, and it stuns the opponent, giving her a free hit. In MK 2011, this move is called Yell, while in MK11 it is known as Scream, and it has to be fully charged to stun the opponent. (MK3, UMK3, MKT, MK:D, MK:A, MK 2011, MKX, MK11) The enhanced version is named Scream. The range has been increased and the duration of the stun is extended, as well as causing a high-pitched ringing noise. In MK11, amplifying the move increases the distance of the scream. In MK11, spending a bar of Defensive meter allows Sindel to cancel the move. In MK11, if Sindel connects the attack as a Kounter or a Punish, the attack turns into a Krushing Blow, with the sonic wave shattering the entire front of the opponent's skull, dealing increased damage and stunning them for an extended period of time. Shriek: A variation of Scream, with the only difference being is that this attack hits High instead of Mid. This replaces Scream when Maleficent March is equipped. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Amplifying the move increases the distance of the scream. Spending a bar of Defensive meter allows Sindel to cancel the move. If Sindel connects the attack as a Kounter or a Punish, the attack turns into a Krushing Blow, with the sonic wave shattering the entire front of the opponent's skull, dealing increased damage and stunning them for an extended period of time. This Krushing Blow is shared with Maleficent March and can only be triggered by either of these moves once during the match. Levitate: Sindel uses her flying abilities to float in mid-air. It is known as Regal Presence in MK11. (MK3, UMK3, MKT, MK 2011, MKX, MK11) Enhanced Regal Presence: Sindel gains the ability to follow up with several options during Regal Presence. This ability requires two ability slots. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Star Screamer: Sindel fires a purple fireball downwards at an angle. Scream: Sindel screams forward, knocking the opponent down. Queen's Dominion: Sindel creates a purple burst of energy around herself. Star Screamer: Sindel fires a purple fireball at the opponent. She can do this while floating in the air as well. In MK 2011, she can also fire a lower version of this projectile from a crouching position. It is also named Fireball in MK 2011. In MK11, only Low Star Screamer is available. (MK3, UMK3, MKT, MK:D, MK:A, MK 2011, MKX, MK11 - Equip Ability) The enhanced version is named Power Fireball, and the enhanced lower version is named Low Fire. The fireball produced is stronger and knocks the opponent down. In MK11, amplifying the move has Sindel fire a beam from her mouth that knocks the opponent down. Double Star Screamer: Sindel could fire two fireballs from her mouth. (MKT) Sliding Foot Grab: Sindel slides towards the opponent. If she connects, she grabs onto the opponent's feet, causing them to wobble, then brings her own feet over to kick the opponent in the head. (MK:D, MK:A) Hair Whip: Used as her grab move in previous incarnations, Sindel wraps her opponent in her hair and sends them flying to the other side of the arena. (MK3, UMK3, MKT, MK 2011) The enhanced version is called Hair Toss. Sindel will slam the opponent multiple times before releasing them. Step Up: Sindel performs a gymnastic front walkover, kicking the opponent. If the move connects, she follows it up with a backward aerial cartwheel which kicks the opponent upward. (MK 2011, MKX, MK11) In MK11, this move can be accessed through a combo and is known as Dark Intentions. The enhanced version is called Step Over. Instead of hitting the opponent with a cartwheel, Sindel cartwheels over the opponent and then kicks them away. Mane Squeeze: Sindel grabs the opponent with her hair and pulls them towards herself before kicking them away. This attack has armor breaking properties, ignoring the armor granted by specific abilities and Fatal Blows. (MK11) Amplifying the move has Sindel slam the opponent into the ground and toss them away or has the option to throw the opponent in the opposite direction. Hair Kut: Sindel hops forward and whips her hair upwards, uppercutting her opponent. This ability requires two ability slots. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Amplifying the move has Sindel follow up with another uppercut for juggle. Maleficent March: Sindel starts walking towards her opponent and releases a powerful scream. This move can be delayed to make her walk further. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Amplifying the move makes Sindel scream continously while walking forward, repeatedly hitting the opponent. Spending a bar of Defensive meter allows Sindel to cancel the move. If Sindel walks a certain distance before connecting the move, the attack turns into a Krushing Blow, with the sonic wave shattering the entire front of the opponent's skull, dealing increased damage and stunning them for an extended period of time. This Krushing Blow is shared with Shriek and can only be triggered by either of these moves once during the match. Banshee Dash: Sindel sends out the banshee mid-air to hit the opponent. This ability conflicts with Banshee Barrage when equipped, disabling the option to select Banshee Barrage. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Amplifying the move has Sindel teleport to the banshee's location for a combo opportunity. Whip & Flip: Sindel leaps forward and grabs the opponent with her hair, slamming them to the ground. (MK11 - Equip Ability) If Sindel connects the move as a Kounter or a Punish against a Low Attack, the attack turns into a Krushing Blow, with the slam shattering the opponent's spine, dealing increased damage, and sending the opponent high in the air for a juggle. Royal Trap: Sindel creates a purple orb mid-air that sends unblockable projectiles at the opponent when they're close to it. This ability conflicts with Deadly Echo and Bellowing Banshee when equipped, disabling the option to select Deadly Echo or Bellowing Banshee. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Deadly Echo: Sindel uses her scream to propel herself forward mid-air. This ability conflicts with Bellowing Banshee and Royal Trap when equipped, disabling the option to select Bellowing Banshee or Royal Trap. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Bellowing Banshee: Sindel uses her scream to propel herself backwards mid-air. This ability conflicts with Deadly Echo and Royal Trap when equipped, disabling the option to select Deadly Echo or Royal Trap. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Banshee Barrage: Sindel throws three Star Screamers downwards while in mid-air. This ability conflicts with Banshee Dash when equipped, disabling the option to select Banshee Dash. (MK11 - Equip Ability) Amplifying the move has Sindel send the opponent up in the air for a juggle. X-Ray/Fatal Blow X Ray - Queen B: Sindel grabs her opponent's leg with her hair, then she kicks her opponent in the groin, then she brings her elbow down on their knee, breaking it and uses her Banshee Scream to send her opponent flying in front of her. (MK 2011) Fatal Blow - Edenian Royal Decree: Sindel screams at the opponent and pulls them closer with her hair, impaling them on her Kwan Dao. She then flies upwards with the opponent and stops her movement, damaging the opponent's neck with the whiplash, and then tosses them down. Sindel then throws the Kwan Dao at them, which goes through their mouth, and drops downwards, plunging her heels into the opponent's eyes. (MK11) Other Moves Heel to the Gut: Sindel lodges her foot into the opponent's abdomen and flip kicks them into the air. (MK:D, MK:A) Throw: Sindel grabs her opponent and levitates off the ground, taking them with her. She then spins herself and the opponent around, then tosses them back to the ground. (MK 2011, MKX) Throw (Forward): Sindel grabs the opponent, stabs them with her Kwan Dao and pushes them down the shaft with her hair before knocking them away with a scream. (MK11) If Sindel performs this on an opponent who has failed a Throw Escape during a previous Throw before, the attack turns into a Krushing Blow, where when Sindel screams at the opponent, the sonic wave shatters the entire front of the opponent's skull, dealing increased damage. If this is successful, Sindel can not perform the Krushing Blow version of her Throw (Backward). Throw (Backward): Sindel grabs her opponent, suspends them with her hair, turns around and stabs them three times with her Kwan Dao before tossing them away. (MK11) If Sindel performs this on an opponent who has failed a Throw Escape during a previous Throw before, the attack turns into a Krushing Blow, where when Sindel stabs the opponent for the final time, it impales them through and causes the blood to splatter, dealing over double the original damage. If this is successful, Sindel can not perform the Krushing Blow version of her Throw (Forward). Back It Up: Sindel kicks forward, follows up with a crouching kick and propels herself forward back-first by screaming. (MK11) If only the last hit of the combo connects, the attack turns into a Krushing Blow, where Sindel's behind crushes the front part of the opponent's skull inwards, dealing increased damage. Fatalities Deadly Scream: Sindel screams with such force that her opponent's skin rips off of its body and a skeleton covered in flesh remains. In the handheld versions, the opponent catches on fire instead. (MK3, UMK3, MKT) Hair Spin: Sindel wraps her opponent in her hair, then pulls it back quickly. The victim spins at an impossible speed, until bones and blood spurt out, leaving nothing behind. (MK3, UMK3, MKT) Kwan Dao Kopter: Sindel tosses her opponent in the air above her, then pulls out her Kwan Dao and begins twirling it in the air. As the opponent falls onto it, they are chopped into pieces. (MK:D) Sonic Screech: Sindel screams with such force that her opponent's body is torn to pieces. (MK:D) Migraine: Sindel screams into her opponent's ear, tearing the opposite half of their head apart. (MK 2011) Mouthful: Sindel conjures an energy ball by screaming on her hand, and proceeds to shove it into her opponent's mouth. She holds their mouth closed until their head explodes. (MK 2011) Scream Queen: Sindel knocks the opponent backwards with a backflip and then uses her hair to grab the opponent by the arms. She then screams at them with such force that their skin rips off of their body and eventually tears off their lower half. She then stops to deliver one final fireball scream, which is so strong that it completely tears the opponent's body apart into pieces, leaving only their severed arms held by her hair. (MK11) Hair Today Gone Tomorrow: Sindel uses her hair to impale her opponent through their mouth and into their body. She then makes her hair come out of the victim's stomach before it constricts around them, impaling their arms, face (poking out their eyeballs), legs, and finally their torso. Sindel then wraps her hair around them before violently stretching it out by leaning backwards, pulling her hair off the victim's body and completely tearing them apart to shreds into a bloody mess. (MK11) Brutalities The Klassic: Sindel performs an uppercut, decapitating the opponent with an upward Kwan Dao swing with their spine still attached. This Brutality is shared will every character. (MK11) Must not block an attack for the entirety of the final round. A button must be held. Edenian Guillotine: Sindel performs a Throw (Forward), only this time, she pulls the opponent off the shaft and cuts their neck with her Kwan Dao. After that she nudges their head with her hair, causing it to fall off. (MK11) A button must be pressed repeatedly. Will not trigger on Krushing Blow, if it has not been activated during the match. Violent Uprising: Sindel performs a Throw (Backward), but instead of stabbing the opponent, she cuts off their arms and thrusts the Kwan Dao through their head and plants it in the ground. (MK11) Certain buttons must be pressed repeatedly. Will not trigger on Krushing Blow, if it has not been activated during the match. Real Head Turner: Sindel performs a Mane Squeeze and kicks off the opponent's head. (MK11) Must connect the first hit. A button must be held. Whip It Good: Sindel performs a Whip & Flip and keeps slamming the opponent into the ground until their head is ripped off. (MK11) Requires Sindel to be at a certain health level. Fatal Blow must not be used. Will not trigger on Krushing Blow, if it has not been activated during the match. Supersonic Exfoliator: Sindel performs a fully charged Scream and screams with such force that her opponent's skin rips off of its body and a skeleton covered in flesh remains. (MK11) A button must be held. Will not trigger on Krushing Blow, if it has not been activated during the match. Eardrum Shredder: Sindel performs her You Will Die combo and grabs the opponent, shouting into their ear and blasting a hole in their head. (MK11) A button must be held. Getting In Their Head: Sindel performs a Star Screamer that hits the opponent in the head, with purple flames erupting from their eyes and mouth until their head explodes. (MK11) The projectile has to hit the opponent in the head. Half Measures: Sindel performs her Evil Queen combo and cuts the opponent vertically in two with the final upwards swing. (MK11) Requires Sindel to be at a certain health level. A button must be held. Alternate Supersonic Exfoliator Brutality: Sindel performs her Supersonic Exfoliator Brutality, only this time, her opponent does not fall. (MK11 - Secret) Has the same requirements as Supersonic Exfoliator. Requires certain buttons must be held. Other Finishers Friendship #1: Sindel kicks a football and says, "That was fun." (MK3, UMK3, MKT) Friendship #2: Sweet Serenade: Sindel produces a wine glass and attempts to break it with her scream, but breaks the camera instead, before drinking the wine. (MK11) Animality: Sindel turns into a neon purple wasp. She buzzes over to her opponent and repeatedly stings him/her in the neck until they both disappear off the side of the screen. Sindel then reappears in her human form. (MK3, UMK3, MKT) Hara-Kiri: Neckbreaker: Sindel gracefully leaps into the air and does a backflip, only to land (less gracefully) on her head, snapping her own neck and drawing blood. (MK:D) Babality: Sindel begins to float into the air, but quickly falls down in a fit of tears and yells. (MK 2011) Movie Appearance Mortal Kombat: Annihilation Sindel appeared in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation, retaining her role as Shao Kahn's wife and queen from the games. During the film, she is made general of Shao Kahn's army. An argument between Kitana and Kahn reveals that the latter drove Sindel to commit suicide, which was taken from the games. According to legend, she is first believed to be the key to closing Kahn's portals to Earth, although her daughter, Kitana, is later believed to be the key. On her initial capture and reunion with Kitana, this legend is revealed to be "a lie" and Sindel escapes from the Earthrealm warriors, before later facing Kitana in the final battle. Sindel is initially dominant in the duel but Kitana manages to gain the upper hand and defeats her mother. In the scene where Raiden opens a portal to Outworld, Shao holds his queen's hand when he says the line "They have taken the bait...and have fallen right into our trap.". After Kahn's defeat, his control over Sindel is broken and her change in alliances occurs. She wears a symbolic white dress (rather than her purple-and-black outfit) to denote this. After Jade is fed to a living gargoyle in his palace, Kahn threatens to feed Sindel's "rotting corpse" to the worms if she fails him, perhaps realizing how incompetent his queen is at being a general. Motaro then goads her into failing so Kahn can carry out this threat and be promoted, but Sindel slaps him rather hard across the face. She is portrayed by South African actress Musetta Vander. Mortal Kombat: Legacy Beatrice Ilg portrays Sindel in Mortal Kombat: Legacy. In this continuity, she is still the queen of Edenia, but does not appear to possess the same powers as her game counterpart. During the invasion of Edenia by Outworld, she appears in flashbacks in the fourth episode, holding her infant daughter Kitana as they are being guarded by two Edenian knights when they are slaughtered by a Tarkatan. Sindel backs away from the advancing creature and is saved by what appears to be her husband, King Jerrod. He promises to see her to safety and they flee from the castle, but Jerrod is killed by Baraka, and Shao Kahn reveals to the shocked Sindel that it was not her husband, but a decoy, Jerrod having already fled. Once Shao Kahn seized total control over Edenia, he forced Sindel to be his wife and queen and took Kitana as his daughter. Though Shao Kahn grew to truly love Sindel, she could only hate him and spurned his affections. When she discovered Shao Kahn had created a clone of her infant daughter Kitana but with Tarkatan features, Sindel found herself overwhelmed by fear and disgust. Fearing that Kitana's soul would become corrupted by Kahn's influence, Sindel killed herself by taking a potion, sending her soul into her daughter's as a way of protecting her from Shao Kahn. It wouldn't be for many years later until Sindel's soul awoke in Kitana and revealed to her the truth of her heritage after her father Jerrod's death. Quotes Mortal Kombat: Deception "You are a bit old to be in Shao Kahn's military, are you not?" "Kitana lives? You are truly the bearer of good tidings, Shujinko. Come, we must leave here now before anyone realizes that I have escaped. Follow me and I will reward you for your efforts." "I am Queen Sindel. I am grateful that you risked your life to free me. I owe you my thanks "Please allow me to repay your gallantry. I wish to bestow upon you the kombat skills of an Edenian knight. Do you accept?" Mortal Kombat: Annihilation "Too bad you... will die." "You said Raiden was no longer to be feared." Mortal Kombat (2011) "You are pathetic and weak!" (Battle cry) "Quan Chi?" "The emperor! Yesss." "What of Kitana?" "Then she is no longer my daughter." "Take me to Shao Kahn." "It's not great matter. I will go to Earthrealm. To finish Motaro's work." "Come forward, if you dare. I will finish what the Lin Kuei could not" "I am no longer your mother." "Shao Kahn has resurrected me! You have betrayed him. Embraced a pathetic cause." "Quiet, child. It is time for you to join your friends." "Still alive? No matter." "Soon you will reunite with your ancestors." "Victory is mine, Shaman." Mortal Kombat X "Welcome home, Jackson Briggs." "Then why be fool enough to return?" "Quan Chi reunited me with my family." "He will do the same for you." "Has you mother ever told you what I did to her friends? Killed them all in the blink of an eye." "We are bonded in death. You will join us... and I will give you a proper upbringing!" Mortal Kombat 11 "Worship me." (Round win quote) "Bow to me." (Round win quote) "I will reign." (Round win quote) "Serve me or die." (Round win quote) I had better..." (Round win quote) "Your realm will be ours." (Round win quote after defeating anyone align with Earthrealm) "You will scream." (Round win quote) "I am the true queen." (Round win quote) "Now, you're my slave." (Round win quote) "I disinherit you!" (Round win quote after defeating Kitana) "I hated your Mother too." (Round win quote after defeating Jade) "Losers don’t attract, dear." (Round win quote after defeating Shao Kahn) "That was fun." (Brutality quote) "You're beneath me." (Brutality quote) "Peasant." "Fool." "You dare strike me?!" "Like the hair." "Primitive Earthrealmer!" (Kombo/Throw quote to anyone from Earthrealm) Story Mode "Raiden's violence against our Lord will not go unavenged, Fujin. Prepare to pay for your brother's sins." "Always the charmer, Shang Tsung. I will enjoy feeding Lord Shinnok your soul." "But you, Nightwolf... You get the privilege of suffering most. Only the best will do for the man who killed me." "I'm not going to kill you. As Raiden said to Lord Shinnok..." "There are fates worse than death." "Am I alive? Is this real?" "Sheeva!" "Aw, nonsense. Today, you give me the greatest gift." "A second chance! Your duty is fulfilled. I am in your debt now." "Where is my daughter?" "Kitana..." "It is me, Kitana. Your mother." "I did neither, Kitana. After being forced to wed Shao Kahn, I ran afoul to Quan Chi." "He accused me of "distracting" Shao Kahn. Then the miscreant murdered me, and staged my death as a suicide." "Trust...that I loved your father, Jerrod. Trust that I love you." "Outworld needs its Kahn, I know." "Rest assured, Kitana, I will come home." "Are we not following him now? At least we do not follow that fool Raiden. Then we would surely die." "I am not finished yet." "Can you fight?" "It is your fate that should concern you, Cetrion." (After defeating Cetrion) "I must return to Outworld to aid Kitana Kahn." "Until our next battle." "Sorcerer." (To Shang Tsung) "Such a pity my daughter embraces their sentimental values..." "Hardly. Kitana courts a peasant and obeys the Thunder God. She couldn't be a bigger disappointment." "Enter." "Kitana Kahn." "You are Kahn, Kitana. Command the awe of your subjects! Even me. I shall never tire of greeting you." "May I request something?" "Sheeva, Queen Sheeva risk everything to restore me. Honor demands that I accompany her into battle." "Thank you, Kitana Kahn." "Hush, husband. I'm here." "The Soul Chamber will heal your wounds. Then we'll discipline Kitana and take back our throne." "She takes after her father, Sheeva. Jerrod was a weakling. Kitana was a weaker Kahn." "Yet she lacked the resolve to kill him. Now she will learn. Enemies must be crushed. Lest they rise again." "Elder Gods tremble before me, Sheeva. What hope did you have?" (After defeating Sheeva) "Kitana murdered your Shokan brethren. Sheeva challenged her and suffered this punishment. Swear your allegiance and I shall see her avenged." "Soon we will have the hourglass. Eternity will be our empire." "Allow me the privilege, husband." (If the player chooses her) "Your maker sends you to die, Geras." "All that grows closer is her defeat, Geras." (After defeating Geras) "Nothing would please me more." (After the player chooses Shao Kahn) "I want her." (If the player chooses her) "A fearless gladiator like you would entertain well in our arena. Until your death, of course." "Not smiling anymore, are we?" (After defeating Cassie Cage) "The poor man is heartbroken." "May I finish this?" (If the player chooses her) "You poor, pathetic man." "You're in luck, Johnny Cage." (After defeating Johnny Cage) "In my care, you and Sonya will breed many fine slaves." "Shall we?" "Surprise me." (After the player chooses Shao Kahn) "Now, where is Kitana?" "Have it." "Find Kitana, husband." (If the player chooses her) "A eunuch monk can't hope to understand the ways of mothers and daughters." "I could call you worse." (After defeating Kung Lao) "I'll find Kitana." (After the player chooses Shao Kahn) "Come, Kitana awaits." "Oh Kitana, my husband, your father was a fool. Jerrod believed that we were no better than commoners." "He refused to assert the privileges of our throne. He traded away our power, our divine rights. Edenia grew weak and vulnerable." "Then Shao Kahn invaded, embracing his power taking was his. Here was a man unashamed to assert his privilege and vowed to protect mine." "I had found my true love and to consecrate our bond, I killed Jerrod for him." "Please, that wounds me, daughter." "Learn or be punished, child." (After defeating Kitana) "He seeks Kronika's power. Why? To destroy the empire!" "All who followed Kitana are conplicit in her treason. Your sentence is dead." "Now man the oars, we have a battle to win. For the new era!" "Kitana shall be put in chains, let her suffer the anguish of defeat. And what of him?" "With pleasure." "It will be our privilege to wield it." "He is a dog who betrays his masters." "Come, let's put him down." Trivia Sindel was one of several MK3 characters who were not officially named until the game neared completion. During production, she was nicknamed "Muchacha" and "The Bride" by the programmers. The "The Bride" reference is actually rather telling of kung fu cinema's impact on the Mortal Kombat franchise as a whole; one of the inspirations for Sindel's character is derived from Bride with White Hair, a 1993 film from Hong Kong. The title character, Lian Nichang, is shown towards the later portion of the movie as transforming from black haired bride-to-be into a vicious witch with white hair. Her "That was fun!" quote from her Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 friendship was used in the second movie. She is the first character in the Mortal Kombat series who used the power of flight as both a move used in fights and as a win pose. Sindel was one of the characters that were sent flying off the pyramid by Shang Tsung's Flaming Skull attack in the opening of Mortal Kombat: Armageddon. In Mortal Kombat: Deception, upon entering her holding cell, Sindel tells Shujinko "You are a bit too old to be in Shao Kahn's military, are you not". This scene mimics the Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope in which Princess Leia tells Luke Skywalker, disguised as a stormtrooper, "Aren't you a little short for stormtrooper". In MK 2011, Sindel can be seen briefly behind (possibly) one of Quan Chi's spawned skeletons, with a sword in her chest. In MK 2011, a broken statue of Sindel's head lies in the background of Jade's desert. Although she has a pair of completely white eyes, in her MK3 ending, she actually has black irises. In Mortal Kombat 11, this is also the some when she is in her non-Revenant form. In MK 2011, Sindel, along with Quan Chi, Jax, and Jade, is one of the few characters whose X-Ray Move does not make the opponent bleed. In MK 2011, Sindel's X-Ray Move is one of the few that does not damage the opponent's skull. Sindel is one of the four characters whose special moves are affected by Headless Kombat, the others being Sonya, Kabal and Kung Lao. Sindel is also the most affected character. She loses four moves: High Fireball, Low Fireball, Hair Whip and Yell. In every game except MK 2011, Sindel's Yell move would cause the opponent to float in the air for a free hit. However, in MK 2011, it just stuns them. In MK 2011, if Sindel is transformed by a Babality in her primary costume, she will not lose any part of her hairline, while in her alternate costume, she will lose the most part of her hairline and only her ponytail will stay. In MK 2011, if Sindel performs her Mouthful Fatality on a masked character or a Cyber Ninja, a sound will be heard when she inserts her hand in the enemy's mouth. This is possibly the sound of the mask or the armor being torn or broken. In the opening of Mortal Kombat: Armageddon, Sindel is seen fighting Jarek. Her Mouthful Fatality is the first one in which Sindel uses her Star Scream powers as a Fatality. Sindel's hair brush relic in Mortal Kombat: Armageddon is a reference to her Hair Whip powers that had been absent in the move list. Sindel along with D'Vorah, Nitara and Cetrion are the only female characters to have the power of flight. Sindel's Hara-Kiri in MK:D was listed as #8 in a ScrewAttack list of the Top 10 Worst Mortal Kombat Fatalities. In a technical sense, Sindel is one of the few characters to be dead in both the original and current timelines. In Injustice 2, she is mentioned by both Sub-Zero and Raiden who appear as guest characters. Both will compare her to Black Canary, while Raiden states that Starfire reminds him of the Edenian Queen. In the new timeline as of Mortal Kombat 11, Sindel’s past backgrounds and pre-Revenant alignment has been retconned. Based on her intro dialogues in MK11, she is likely the only evil character who openly refuses to be Kronika's ally. This makes her a polar opposite to the present-day Jax, who only joined Kronika’s side reluctantly prior to finding out the truth from past-Raiden. In MK11, interactions with Skarlet reveal that Skarlet not only wishes to become Shao Kahn's second in command, but also his Queen. In MK11, interactions with D'Vorah reveal Sindel considers Mileena her daughter, similar to Shao Kahn. In MK11, interactions with Sub-Zero reveal more of his Cryomancer heritage, revealing that Sindel banished the Cryomancers from Edenia during her rule with King Jerrod. This is considered to be a retcon, since Sub-Zero's bios from Mortal Kombat: Deception and another interaction with Sub-Zero and Skarlet reveal that Sub-Zero's ancestors are indeed from Outworld. A possible theory about this interaction is that Sindel is lying to him as it is a part of her dubious nature, although this should be taken with a grain of salt. In MK11, interactions with many of the male fighters reveal Sindel to be rather sexually interested in many of them, most notably Johnny Cage. Sindel continues this when interacting with Sonya, to where Sonya responds with annoyance and anger. Ironically, the only male fighter she seems not interested in and rejects is Erron Black, who regularly hits on the female fighters. In MK11, Sindel is one of the few characters whose uppercut is from the use of a weapon and not a literal uppercut, resulting in her being one of the few characters that does not literally uppercut the opponent's head off when performing the The Klassic Brutality. She is the only Revenant that was restored to life who was not restored by Raiden. Errors In MK11, the Krushing Blow version of Sindel's Scream can activate on airborne opponent, which in turn will defy the logic of how the attack connects, as the opponent will be in the air then teleport to the ground standing up straight, where their skull becomes destroyed due to the Krushing Blow despite being airborne. Navigation Mortal Kombat series - Main characters This box: view • talk • edit Ashrah \| Baraka \| Blaze \| Bo' Rai Cho \| Cassie Cage \| Cetrion \| Chameleon \| Cyrax \| D'Vorah \| Daegon \| Dairou \| Darrius \| Drahmin \| Ermac \| Erron Black \| Ferra/Torr \| Frost \| Fujin \| Geras \| Goro \| Havik \| Hotaru \| Hsu Hao \| Jacqui Briggs \| Jade \| Jarek \| Jax Briggs \| Johnny Cage \| Kabal \| Kai \| Kano \| Kenshi \| Khameleon \| Kintaro \| Kira \| Kitana \| Kobra \| Kollector \| Kotal Kahn \| Kronika \| Kung Jin \| Kung Lao \| Li Mei \| Liu Kang \| Mavado \| Meat \| Mileena \| Mokap \| Moloch \| Motaro \| Nightwolf \| Nitara \| Noob Saibot \| Onaga \| Quan Chi \| Raiden \| Rain \| Reiko \| Reptile \| Sareena \| Scorpion \| Sektor \| Shang Tsung \| Shao Kahn \| Sheeva \| Shinnok \| Shujinko \| Sindel \| Skarlet \| Smoke \| Sonya Blade \| Stryker \| Sub-Zero \| Takeda \| Tanya \| Taven \| Tremor \| Triborg Mortal Kombat series - Guest characters This box: view • talk • edit Alien \| Freddy Krueger \| Jason Voorhees \| The Joker \| Kratos \| Leatherface \| Predator \| RoboCop \| Rambo \| Spawn \| The Terminator Mortal Kombat series - DC Characters (MKvsDCU) This box: view • talk • edit Batman \| Captain Marvel \| Catwoman \| Dark Kahn \| Darkseid \| Deathstroke \| The Flash \| Green Lantern \| The Joker \| Lex Luthor \| Superman \| Wonder Woman
0.999997	Project MUSE - Why Gregor is My Favorite Character from Gregor the Overlander by Suzanne Collins Article [Skip to Content] Institutional Login LOG IN Accessibility Browse OR Search: menu Advanced Search Browse MyMUSE Account Log In / Sign Up Change My Account User Settings Access via Institution MyMUSE Library Search History View History Purchase History MyMUSE Alerts Contact Support Callaloo Why Gregor is My Favorite Character from Gregor the Overlander by Suzanne Collins Julian Randall Callaloo Johns Hopkins University Press Volume 40, Number 2, Spring 2017 pp. 105-107 10.1353/cal.2017.0096 Article View Citation Related Content Additional Information Purchase/rental options available: Buy Issue for $20 at JHUP In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: Why Gregor is My Favorite Character from Gregor the Overlander by Suzanne Collins Julian Randall (bio) Plot: Gregor the Overlander is a book by an author named Suzanne Collins, it is her first book in the series. The book is about an eleven-year-old boy named Gregor who travels accidentally to a realm beneath the city of New York called the Underland. In the Underland he battles many ferocious and massive creatures in an attempt to save his father.1 Gregor is believed to be a powerful warrior from the Overland despite being only 11 and not particularly large or strong. Throughout the book Gregor makes friends with many characters including two giant roaches, a retired military rat, and a sometimes haughty princess named Luxa who teaches him to ride giant bats. She calls him Overlander, because he is not from where they are from.2 Gregor and Luxa even fight about it a couple of times though they are always separated by their elder guide Vikus.3 Gregor eventually finds his father held captive by the rat king and unleashes his Rager ability to kill both the King and Luxa's traitorous cousin Harry.4 Gregor is thrown off the side of a cliff by Harry5 as Gregor attempts to run to get his father but is saved by Harry's giant bat as he falls. Harry's bat eventually takes Gregor and his new friends home to the human city before taking Gregor up to the vent he fell through to get to the Underland. Character: Gregor is my favorite character because he is a hero despite being less powerful than everyone around him at first, but grows to be strong enough to return to his home. Gregor does have one power, however, he is a rager. In the book a rager6 has the ability to become hyper focused on combat allowing them a berserker like ability to take on massive amounts of foes7 at once. Gregor was unaware of this power until he came to the Underland8 and is deeply afraid of being unable to control it.9 Gregor does not believe that he is a very good warrior despite his ability and this causes him to hesitate and be unable to control his abilities as a rager. Gregor also cares fiercely about his younger sister Boots and is only able to fully embrace his rager ability in the instances where Boots is in trouble. It is only because of Boots that Gregor falls into the Underland in the first place. She is the first to fall into the vent and Gregor must save her because she is the only family he has left. I believe that this shows [End Page 105] Gregor as a selfless character who will go far to save the people he loves which I aspire to be as well. Conclusions: I would recommend Gregor the Overlander to any kids who enjoyed the Harry Potter series or Deltora Quest series. I would also recommend it to any kid who needs to be brave in a new place or feels far from their family. I look forward to seeing where Gregor's adventures will take him in the next book. Bibliography: Gregor The Overlander, Suzanne Collins The first time they called me wetback and I tasted salt When my hands were not my own The sound his nose made How he never made fun of me being half Dominican ever again The silence that followed Julian Randall 4/12/07 Ms. Keene's 8th grade class Julian Randall JULIAN RANDALL, a queer black poet from Chicago who received a Pushcart Prize, has received fellowships from Callaloo, BOAAT, and the Watering Hole. His work has appeared or is forthcoming in publications such as New York Times Magazine, The Georgia Review, and Sixth Finch, as well as such anthologies as Portrait in Blues, Nepantla, and New Poetry from the Midwest. He is a candidate for the MFA in poetry at Ole Miss and was the 2015 National College Slam (CUPSI) Best Poet. His first book, Refuse, is the winner of the 2017 Cave Canem Poetry prize and will be published by... collapse You are not currently authenticated. If you would like to authenticate using a different subscribed institution or have your own login and password to Project MUSE Authenticate Purchase/rental options available: Buy Issue for $20 at JHUP Recommend Additional Information ISSN 1080-6512 Print ISSN 0161-2492 Pages pp. 105-107 Launched on MUSE 2019-01-26 Open Access No Project MUSE Mission Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide. Forged from a partnership between a university press and a library, Project MUSE is a trusted part of the academic and scholarly community it serves. 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0.996769	Aida Ebrahimi, assistant professor of electrical engineering, recently received the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Trailblazer Award for New and Early-Stage Investigators. This photo was taken prior to required indoor masking. IMAGE: PENN STATE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Saliva-based COVID-19 test may provide at-home results in 30 minutes Penn State electrical engineering professor Aida Ebrahimi receives NIH Trailblazer Award to develop a daily testing device 10/15/2021 By Erin Cassidy Hendrick UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — Current COVID-19 tests require laboratory processing, resulting in potentially sick people going to a lab or waiting days for a diagnosis. Now, with a three-year, $590,800 National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Trailblazer Award for New and Early-Stage Investigators, Penn State researchers plan to develop an affordable and accurate at-home, saliva-based COVID-19 test, rivaling the simplicity and convenience of pregnancy tests and glucose monitors, but with higher sensitivity. The researchers, led by Aida Ebrahimi, assistant professor of electrical engineering and biomedical engineering, plan to design and develop a device that can provide test results within 30 minutes with an accuracy of more than 90%. The device could potentially be sensitive enough to detect the virus before a person begins to show symptoms or in asymptomatic people, according to Ebrahimi. To accomplish this, the Ebrahimi Bioanalytical and Biosensor Lab will first use inactive SARS-CoV-2 viral particles to explore their unique electrical properties. All materials react to an electrical field, with varying responses depending on the materials’ properties. The researchers plan to determine these detailed parameters for the inactive viral particles to design the proposed electrochemical device. “Based on the electrical properties of the virus, we are proposing a dual amplification approach to achieve the sensitivity we need to detect a low count of viral particles in saliva samples,” Ebrahimi said. “We are also proposing a new method to develop the sensor that will give us that sensitivity without expensive nanofabrication tools.” The sensing device will use two concurrent signal amplification techniques to detect viral particles, which Ebrahimi explained will enhance the sensitivity of the device beyond conventional methods. The first will apply a small voltage through a set of electrodes to trap particles, and then another, to induce an electrochemical process called redox cycling, which can amplify the signals produced by the trapped particles to a detectable level. “The dual amplification is key — we want to have enough sensitivity to count low numbers of the virus before a person even shows symptoms,” she said. “Eventually, the goal is that people can test their saliva at home, before coming into contact with other people.” Next, the researchers will use photolithography, a cost-effective process that uses light to etch tiny patterns on a photosensitive surface. The patterns are designed to capture and sort the target viral particles from the saliva sample and route them to the sensor area. Ebrahimi and her team will use computational modeling to guide the device design and develop the prototype, which they will test and validate using inactive virus particles. In the final phase of the project, the researchers will partner with Suresh Kuchipudi, clinical professor and head of the microbiology section in the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, to safely test the diagnostic device with intact virus samples in Kuchipudi’s lab. “The proposed concept of the device is not limited to SARS-CoV-2,” Ebrahimi said, noting the high risk, high reward potential of the project. “If proof-of-principle of this diagnostic device and the validation are successful, it can be applied to rapid quantification of biomarkers of other diseases, even beyond infectious diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This project is just the first step toward bigger goals.”
0.969791	PM Khan said that there would be no fool who does not know what are the problems of the country, Pakistan's solutions are painful, debt rises when income is low and expenses are high. By Faran Waseem - January 1, 2021 Share Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest WhatsApp Linkedin ReddIt Email Viber Photo Credit: Geo News The army is only supporting COVID-19, floods and locusts, the EU lab verified that there is a big conspiracy against Pakistani army and Imran Khan. If opposition is accusing army establishment for backing me, they should prove it that how they are supporting me, PM Imran Khan said in an interview Prime Minister Imran Khan said that the European Union Lab has proved that a huge conspiracy is being emerged against Imran Khan and the Pakistani army. In an interview, the Prime Minister said that “the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) is part of this conspiracy, my job is to protect my army, and opposition should prove how the army is backing me”. He said, “I am wondering what the opposition wants the army to do? Calling me a puppet of establishment on one hand and a fascist on the other hand.” Prime Minister Khan said, “34 proposed amendments of NAB were such that each amendment would have saved some opposition leader. If I had an understanding with NAB, I would not have waited for two years and put everyone in jail in six months.” My statement that I was not prepared was interpreted completely wrong, Prime Minister Imran Khan. PM Khan further said that there would be no fool who does not know what are the problems of the country, Pakistan’s solutions are painful, debt rises when income is low and expenses are high. He said that my statement was completely misinterpreted that I was not prepared, there are steel mill cases, workers have been caught and filled, if you get a presentation before coming to the government, you will come and start work, come to the government in Gilgit. It’s been 2 months, they are still being given presentation. Photo Credit: Geo News The Prime Minister said that the current account deficit was historic, 20 billion debt has been repaid in 2 years, 17 years later the current account deficit is positive for 5 months, remittances and exports have increased, our rupee has survived falling. “I had said that if I had to form a government from the PPPP or PML-N, I would prefer sitting in the opposition,” Prime Minister The Prime Minister said that when our government came, it was said that the government will be out in one month, it went in two months. When Corona came, the opposition celebrated. Shahbaz Sharif came from London and sat in front of the computer. When Corona came, Shahid Khaqan said, “Ask Shahbaz Sharif. He controlled dengue.” The Prime Minister further said that inshallah Pakistan will have a very good time, I never made an excuse that I was not prepared, two difficult years of my life have passed, after 5 years people will decide about my performance. U-turn is bad when the ideology is compromised, Prime Minister Imran Khan The Prime Minister said that U-turn is bad when the ideology is compromised, recognizing Israel is a compromise on the ideology of Pakistan, our two years have passed in great difficulty, now Pakistan is having a good time, if any of my ministers are accused of corruption. I will take action on it. Imran Khan said that if the leadership does corruption, consequently the country destroys. Share Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest WhatsApp Linkedin ReddIt Email Viber Previous articleQasem Soleimani: 1st death anniversary rends the wound of Iranians Next articleCOVID-19: Coronavirus inflicts destruction in the U.S and U.K Faran Waseem https://www.linkedin.com/in/faran-waseem-anwer-720ba7166/?originalSubdomain=pk An accountable and dedicated journalist who exhibits the capability to write informative, unbiased analysis and stories that give all involved parties an opportunity to have their say. A quick learner who can absorb new ideas and can communicate clearly and effectively. Local newspaper Weekly Pardachaak Lahore Working as Executive Editor investigative reporter. Would like to answer your queries at: [email protected] RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR Achieve Jahangir Tareen breaks quiet on stories of meeting Zardari Achieve Mrs Sri Lanka medalist injured after on-stage scuffle Achieve PM Imran’s blame to ‘fahashi’ (vulgarity) for rape has Twitter in rage LEAVE A REPLY Cancel reply Log in to leave a comment - Advertisement - MOST POPULAR Chances of Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Instagram to be banned in India May 26, 2021 NCOC proposes lockdowns in cities with high coronavirus cases April 24, 2021 China’s Artificial Moon not launched as 2020 is ending December 22, 2020 PM Imran Khan wishes ‘happy Holi’ to Hindu community of Pakistan March 28, 2021 Load more HOT NEWS Achieve YouTube, Gmail and other Google products crashes for more than an... پردہ چاک اردو کورونا کے دوران بچے پیدا کرنے پر والدین کو انعام و... Opinion ابو ریحان محمّد بن احمد البیرونی سے متعلق چند حقائق جن... Achieve Jahangir Tareen breaks quiet on stories of meeting Zardari EDITOR PICKS Life story of Allama Muhammad Iqbal October 30, 2021 List of Best online printing companies in Pakistan October 28, 2021 3 policemen martyred in clash with TLP protesters in Lahore October 23, 2021 POPULAR POSTS Provision of job opportunities for the youth and the increase in... October 8, 2020 TIKTOK Banned in Pakistan for Immoral Content October 9, 2020 ‘Vote ko izzat do’ has always been Nawaz Sharif’s narrative: Maryam... October 8, 2020 POPULAR CATEGORY Achieve153 Pakistan51 Latest News42 Headline41 World21 Opinion16 Technology14 پردہ چاک اردو13 Health7 ABOUT US Pardachaak is your News, Information and Broadcasting website. We provide you with the latest breaking news, most informative articles and authentic updates straight from most authentic sources. Stay connected, stay updated with Pardachaak. Contact us: [email protected] FOLLOW US Disclaimer Privacy Advertisement Contact Us © Copyright Pardachaak 2020. All Rights Reserved MORE STORIES Trump’s another ‘move’ to foil the wave of resignations January 7, 2021 What is our duty and purpose of living in this world? January 15, 2021 '); var formated_str = arr_splits[i].replace(/\surl\(\'(?!data\:)/gi, function regex_function(str) { return ' url(\'' + dir_path + '/' + str.replace(/url\(\'/gi, '').replace(/^\s+\|\s+$/gm,''); }); splited_css += ""; } var td_theme_css = jQuery('link#td-theme-css'); if (td_theme_css.length) { td_theme_css.after(splited_css); } } }); } })();
0.992161	The smallest number that may be expressed as the sum of the squares of two primes in exactly five different ways. [King]
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0.997223	The need of health policy perspective to protect Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 pandemic. A GRADE rapid review on the N95 respirators effectiveness The need of health policy perspective to protect Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 pandemic. A GRADE rapid review on the N95 respirators effectiveness PLoS One. 2020 Jun 3;15(6):e0234025. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234025. eCollection 2020. Authors Primiano Iannone 1 , Greta Castellini 2 , Daniela Coclite 1 , Antonello Napoletano 1 , Alice Josephine Fauci 1 , Laura Iacorossi 1 , Daniela D'Angelo 1 , Cristina Renzi 3 , Giuseppe La Torre 4 , Claudio M Mastroianni 4 , Silvia Gianola 2 Affiliations 1 Centro Eccellenza Clinica, Qualità e Sicurezza delle Cure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. 2 Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy. 3 Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London-UCL, London, United Kingdom. 4 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. PMID: 32492045 PMCID: PMC7269249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234025 Abstract Protecting Health Care Workers (HCWs) during routine care of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients is of paramount importance to halt the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) pandemic. The WHO, ECDC and CDC have issued conflicting guidelines on the use of respiratory filters (N95) by HCWs. We searched PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library from the inception to March 21, 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing N95 respirators versus surgical masks for prevention of COVID-19 or any other respiratory infection among HCWs. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Four RCTs involving 8736 HCWs were included. We did not find any trial specifically on prevention of COVID-19. However, wearing N95 respirators can prevent 73 more (95% CI 46-91) clinical respiratory infections per 1000 HCWs compared to surgical masks (2 RCTs; 2594 patients; low quality of evidence). A protective effect of N95 respirators in laboratory-confirmed bacterial colonization (RR = 0.41; 95%CI 0.28-0.61) was also found. A trend in favour of N95 respirators was observed in preventing laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections, laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection, and influenza like illness. We found no direct high quality evidence on whether N95 respirators are better than surgical masks for HCWs protection from SARS-CoV-2. However, low quality evidence suggests that N95 respirators protect HCWs from clinical respiratory infections. This finding should be contemplated to decide the best strategy to support the resilience of healthcare systems facing the potentially catastrophic SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
0.834797	Who would have thought that a tiny small square piece of stone, glass or pottery called tesserae would have such an important impact on culture and art history? As far back as the fourth millennium, on the walls of the Uruk in Mesopotamia, pieces of coloured stone cones were inlaid in a pattern, that bear a resemblance to mosaics. In the period of ancient history, more familiar to us though, the Greeks and pre-Christian Romans, enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings with magnificent mosaics. Mosaics were made almost always strictly for the rich, in painstaking detail, by the best artists of the day. Some of the most popular subjects for mosaics in ancient Greece and Rome were mythological scenes, daily life, the four seasons and the sea, the circus and gladiatorial games. If I may indulge the reader for one moment, the Great Hunt Mosaic found in the Piazza Armerina, one of the grandest late Roman villas, is a wonderful example that illustrates a wide range of subjects. It is quite simply an eye-popping look at trade in the Roman Empire. Furthermore, if anyone is able to visit the Hatay Province, in Turkey, you will come across the important Antakya Archeological Museum. It has a rich collection of mosaics dating back to the second and third centuries with a wide-ranging display subjects, of which many are from the Roman and Byzantine period. Though, arguably the most famous and largest surviving Roman Mosaic worth studying is the Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun at Pompeii. It is an exciting portrayal of Alexander The Great, in battle with Persian king Darius. An important shift in mosaic art occurred during the early fourth century, one of a Christian nature. It is here that mosaics became more central to the life and culture of the Byzantines. I cannot hope to illustrate or cover every aspect of Byzantine mosaic art history here, but I will attempt to highlight some of the most interesting floor and wall mosaics that I have uncovered through my reading. It is the Byzantine master mosaicist that we are interested in for the purposes of this article. We arguably owe them a debt of gratitude for capturing scenes of history, everyday life, mythology, emperors, saints and much more! They primarily decorated and illuminated the churches of the Christian East between the fifth and fourteenth centuries. Much of what they created was destroyed through wars, conquests and controversy (iconoclasm), but enough of their creative brilliance survives in mosaics from across the old Byzantine world that absolutely overwhelms our senses on a grand scale. Christ as Helios Before the reader starts jumping up and down, holding me in contempt for claiming the Christ as Helios as Byzantine, please calm down. I would merely like to highlight this interesting mosaic from the burial grotto of the Julii family, below St. Peter’s, in Rome, as one of the earliest surviving mosaic images of Christ. In an overtly pagan world, when this image was created, one where Christians in the mid-third century were still being persecuted, Christ is depicted here in the likeness of the pagan sun-god, Helios. It appears to have all the early typical elegance that Byzantine masters would employ later in open, despite the problems of identifying the true iconographic nature of this mosaic. Two things in particular about the mosaic are interesting and important to me. The first is that Christ appears to be holding a blue globe in his left hand. This is an image that Byzantine emperors will be associated with, grasping an orb or globe in their left hand, as a sign of divinity or sovereignty. The second interesting aspect of the mosaic is its use of colour, primarily yellow or gold. I’m not sure that this mosaics glittering surface is meant to suggest gilded luxury, but Christ’s authoritativeness is nevertheless magnified. It is from around the third century that the introduction of gold glass tesserae revolutionized the possibilities of mosaics stunning effects. Gold would come to represent the ‘glory of God’ and Byzantine masters would exploit this decorative medium throughout their Byzantine church interiors. Interior of the Aquileia Cathedral, Italy. There must have been excitement amongst church leaders, when in the decades immediately after Constantine the Great and his co emperor Licinius, declared Christianity a legitimate religion in 313, that a number of new churches were built, as part of a grand new building programme. The cathedral of Aquileia was, in fact, one of those early new churches, built as a double-hall church. The massive open spaces running through the middle of the church, would have easily accommodated a large numbers of parishioners, who would have simply gazed in awe of the mosaic floor designed by the empire’s best craftsman. Interestingly, the mosaic floor is the only thing to survive from the original church, which was first destroyed by Attila the Hun. It was, of course, destroyed and rebuilt several more times over the centuries, until in 1031, Patriarch Poppo, used the site of the south hall to erect his new church. Today, we have him to thank for carefully preserving the original fourth century mosaic. It is an impressive floor mosaic that features stories of the Old Testament. There are no overtly Christian symbols, only a riot of animals and creatures. One of the most popular scenes on the floor of the cathedral is that of Jonah and the Sea Monster. Christ as the Good Shepherd, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna. Many of the richest collections of Roman/Byzantine mosaics are found in Italy. The most famous of these mosaics are arguably found in the many churches of Ravenna. There you will find Justinian, the ‘poster boy’ of Byzantium (with his Ravenna mosaic plastered on more history book covers than any other) and his wife Theodore, suspended high on the walls of the San Vitale. We have no doubt that Justinian would have employed Greek-speaking artists and craftsmen, to tackle the intricate and painstaking details of his mosaic and a number of others too. The same could be arguably said of the mosaics commissioned in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, which appear to be also associated with Byzantine artistic achievement. Magnificently suspended on the lunette over the north entrance, The Christ as the Good Shepherd, is one of the finest mosaics from the second quarter of the fifth century. In golden robes and with a golden halo and cross, Christ sits as a humble shepherd looking after his flock. Interestingly, Christ is beardless, a lot like the Christ as Helios mosaic. The illusionism of the mosaic is absolutely breathtaking and powerful. Christ Pantocrator in the Monreale Cathedral, 12th century, Sicily. The Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Monreale is often regarded as one of the wonders of the medieval world. It is a Norman church that resembles a fortress with its two towers. Inside, however it resembles a glittering heaven, made up of gold mosaics, decorated by master Byzantine craftsmen, brought to Sicily from the Byzantine Empire by King William II. It wasn’t uncommon for foreign rulers to employ Byzantine artists. For instances, the interior of Islamic religious buildings were sometimes painstakingly decorated by Byzantine mosaicists because of their great abilities and skills. Two examples that are often mentioned, where Byzantine mosaicists were employed are, the interiors of the Dome of the Rock (691) and the Great Mosque, Cordoba (965). As visitors to Monreale enter the Cathedral, the long aisle focuses the visitor’s attention on one image in particular, the Christ Pantocrator. It is truly impressive as the arms of Christ extend across the apse to welcome the faithful. In short, it is quite typical of most images of the depiction of the Christ Pantocrator. He is holding the bible in his left hand, while his right hand is raised in blessing. He certainly gives the impression of being ‘the Ruler of all’. Megalopsychia Hunt Mosaic, Daphne. Sometimes by accident archeologists stumble across an important mosaic that reveals something far more interesting than just Christian motifs, and that is images of daily life in the empire. Evidence of this is found on the topographical border of the mosaic of Megalopsychia, that was once on a large villa floor, in the Roman town of Daphne, an ancient suburb of Antioch (Yatko). This mosaic is dated to about the second half of the fifth century and is a very good example that shows the development of Byzantine art and the influences upon it of Asiatic factors. It consists of a central medallion incorporating a beautiful image of Megalopsychia, surrounded by various hunting scenes, in which the whole mosaic is framed by a border of street scenes of the great city of Antioch. The image that I have chosen to highlight daily life in Daphne, contains a scene showing what appears to be two men playing a dice game in a public space called the ‘covered walk’. Standing or sitting besides these two men is a vendor who is selling his goods from a table. Many more scenes like this show both buildings and daily life. Some of the highlights include a colourful portrait of local inhabitants or perhaps travellers, a forum or plaza, a workshop, the Olympic stadium of Antioch, the Great Church of Antioch and the Imperial palace. The badly damaged Megalopsychia mosaic is today displayed at the Antakya Archeological Museum, as a reminder to us all, of the painstaking skills of Byzantine craftsmen. The Procession of Female Martyrs, Basilica of San Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna. During the time of the Byzantine reconquest of the sixth century, General Belisarius made the city of Ravenna the capital of the exarchate that represented the distant Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the West. It probably didn’t come as a surprise that under Justinian’s conquest of the city, Arian property would eventually be requisitioned, which included the Arian palace church of Theodoric. The Byzantines went about tearing down many of the reminders of its former ruler Theodoric the Great. (With an opposing belief that Christ was not fully divine, Arianism was never going to win its battle over the Orthodox Byzantines.) The north side of the nave of San Apollinare Nuovo is one of the best examples of the changes the Byzantines wanted to incorporate (c.560). Although it saw fit to keep much of the original Italian traditions of the mosaics on the nave of the church, obvious eastern influences were added, in particular a newly incorporated procession of female martyrs. It is believed that these female martyrs probably replaced the mosaic images of Theodoric and his court. In early church tradition, the procession was an important part of the Orthodox liturgy, and the fact that it has been replicated on the walls of the nave suggests artistic brilliance. (If I am correct in saying, this was a foreign artistic concept to the Roman West, one that obviously originated in the East?) Just simply look at the walking motion of the martyrs, which is faintly indicated by the lean of their cloaks and the dissymmetry of their veils. Dome Mosaic of Church of the Rotunda, Thessaloniki. Some art historians have said that the enormous richly decorated dome mosaics of the Church of the Rotunda, would have once felt heavenly in appearance during its day, before it was defaced and converted into a mosque by the Ottomans. It was originally built for Constantine the Great’s rival, Emperor Galerius (ruled 305-11) as a mausoleum. However, for whatever reason Galerius wasn’t buried there and the Rotunda stood empty for years until Constantine commissioned it to be built as a church. Its vast interior including the dome was subsequently decorated in mostly shimmering gold mosaics. Interestingly, Byzantine mosaicists’ used these early gold-ground mosaics to great effect, capitalizing on reflecting light, against the shimmering gold mosaics, that poured through the Rotunda’s windows. You may have to squint to see what appears to be four angels that surrounded the figure of Jesus Christ, suspended in the centre of the dome. Christ is unfortunately no more (only his left hand and halo remains), but it appears that Christ was probably positioned to look like he was holding up rings of rainbows, vines, pomegranates and apples and stars. The Transfiguration, Monastery of St. Catherine, Mt Sinai. In the Monastery of St. Catherine’s you will find many original sixth century Byzantine decorations. Among them on the upper part of the apse and the triumphal arch over the altar, you can find one of the most beautiful and refined of all Byzantine mosaics. That mosaic is the Transfiguration of Christ, which was made during the reign of Emperor Justinian. (Between the sixth and ninth centuries, the Monastery of St. Catherine’s was known as the Basilica of the Transfiguration, after the mosaic itself.) Its lavish style and painstakingly obvious craftsmanship is attributed to the work of artists from the imperial school in Constantinople. Though, if you look carefully at the mosaic, you will notice that even the most experienced Byzantine artists can make obvious mistakes, for instance, in the case of St. Peter’s two right feet! The Transfiguration was likely commissioned in the remote part of Egypt to show the predominately Monophysite communities of Egypt, that Christ didn’t have just one nature, but two (Christ was both human and divine). The mosaic of the Transfiguration shows Christ standing within a blue mandorla, to make him stand out against the gold leaf background and from which miraculous and supernatural lights emerge. Importantly, he is accompanied by the figures of Moses, Elias and his closest disciplines, St. James, St. John and St. Peter, to whom he reveals his divinity. To be continued…. Photo Credit: The images of the Christ as Helios and The Transfiguration mosaics appear to be in the public domain. The header image of the female martyrs is by flickr user Amelie and is used under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 license. The interior image of the Aquileia Cathedral is public domain and attributed to Giovanni Dall’Orto. Christ as the Good Shepherd mosaic is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4,0 International license. The Christ Pantocrator in the Cathedral of Monreale is by flickr user Felipe Garcia and is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- No Dervis 2.0 license. The image of the ‘daily live’ scene of the Yakto mosaic is courtesy of Dick Osseman, who holds the copyright. The procession of female martyrs on the north side of the nave (in the main article) is licensed and used under the GNU Free Documentation license. The Rotunda of Galerius, Thessaloniki is by flickr user Dan Diffendale and is used under the Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 license. Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Like this: Like Loading... TagsAquileia Cathedral • Basilica of San Apollinare Nuovo • Byzantine art • Byzantine History • Byzantine Mosaics • Christ as Helios • Christ as the Good Shepherd • Christianity • Church of the Rotunda • Megalopsychia Hunt Mosaic • Monreale Cathedral Sicily • Mosaics • The Transfiguration of Christ About Robert Horvat Robert Horvat is a Melbourne based blogger. He believes that the world is round and that art is one of our most important treasures. He has seen far too many classic films and believes coffee runs through his veins. As a student of history, he favours ancient and medieval history. Music pretty much rules his life and inspires his moods. Favourite artists include The Beatles, Pearl Jam, Garbage and Lana Del Rey. roberthorvat30.wordpress.com 5 comments on “Masterclass in Byzantine Mosaics (Part 1)” jfwknifton February 28, 2016 Really beautiful pictures! Reply persnicketythecat February 28, 2016 So beautiful and fascinating! Love to see more women’s Byzantine fashions! https://historyisfascinating.wordpress.com/ Reply Sonia King February 29, 2016 Many thanks for the great article. I shared it on my Facebook mosaic page ( http://www.facebook.com/SoniaKingMosaicArtist ) I look forward to the next installment! Reply Marilyn Armstrong March 1, 2016 Wonderful. So much history is embedded in art! Wish I could go in person, but this is virtually as good. Reply Iva P. March 12, 2016 Of all art, I like mosaics the best. I was in Ravenna many years ago and I still remember the wonder I felt looking at the magnificent work. Reply Leave a Reply to Iva P. 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0.999773	Editor's note: John L. Allen Jr. is CNN’s senior Vatican analyst and a senior correspondent for the National Catholic Reporter. Rome (CNN) - Every new leader gets a honeymoon period, and Pope Francis is smack dab in the middle of his. His gestures of simplicity and humility, set against the traditional grandeur of the papacy, have captured the imagination of the world. Frankly, a whole team of PR wizards couldn’t have scripted a better start to his papacy. At some point, however, charm alone won’t be enough, because Francis will have to turn to the heavy lifting of actually governing the world’s largest and most centrally organized religious body. Taking stock of where Catholicism stands today, he’s got his work cut out for him. Four challenges loom especially large for the new pope. First, two-thirds of the 1.2 billion Catholics on the planet today live in the Southern Hemisphere, a share projected to reach three-quarters by mid-century. If Catholicism was once a Western faith, associated with institutional power and privilege, its center of gravity is now in the developing world and its membership is strongest among the poor. As the first pope from Latin America, and the first pope from outside Europe in more than 1,000 years, Francis carries the aspirations and expectations of all those non-Western Catholics with him into the papacy. They will expect him to be a tribune for their concerns: the inequities of a globalized economy, the carnage of war and violence, environmental degradation, and the perception that international affairs are stacked against the interests of smaller and poorer nations. Sooner or later, a heart that's in the right place won’t be enough for those folks. They’ll expect Pope Francis to revive the diplomatic and political capital of the papacy, perceived to have diminished during the Benedict XVI years, in order to move the ball on their agenda. It remains to be seen whether a 76-year-old intellectual, perceived to have had a rocky relationship with Argentina’s President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and her late husband, Néstor Kirchner, will be able to fulfill those expectations. It’s obviously unreasonable to expect one man, even a pope, to solve deep-seated maladies such as poverty and violence by himself, but the growing share of Catholics suffering the burden of these inequities at least expect him to try. 5 things to know about the new pope Second, the most harrowing Christian storyline of the early 21st century is the rising tide of anti-Christian violence and persecution in various global hotspots. From the Middle East to Sub-Saharan Africa, from India to Eritrea, Christians today often find themselves in the firing line, and they’ll expect the new pope to have their backs. The statistics are staggering. According to the International Society for Human Rights in Frankfurt, Germany, fully 80 percent of all acts of religious discrimination in the world today are directed at Christians. According to the Pew Forum in Washington, Christians face some form of harassment in 137 nations, two-thirds of all countries on earth. In the most bone-chilling assertion of all, the Center for the Study of Global Christianity at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary claims that an average of 100,000 Christians have been killed for the faith each year for the past 10 years. That works out to 11 new Christian martyrs every hour of every day for the past decade. Some experts believe that estimate to be inflated, but no one disputes the big picture. In Europe and the United States, a threat to your religious freedom means you might get sued. For scores of Christians in other parts of the world, it means you might get shot, which obviously rates higher on the urgency meter. Christians under threat will expect Pope Francis to act on their behalf. Many believe that Benedict said the right things but never mobilized the resources of the Catholic Church to make an effective difference on the ground. The first test for the new pope is likely to come in Syria, where Christian leaders are terrified that they’ll be the next Iraq, meaning the next country where Christians are the primary victims of the chaos and rising Islamic militancy that follows the collapse of a police state. Last fall Benedict XVI tried to dispatch a high-level delegation of five cardinals to Syria to appeal for peace, but it fell apart amid confusion about its mission. A complete outsider to the world of the Vatican, Francis will be challenged to get his hands around its diplomatic apparatus quickly and to use it effectively. Third, Francis inherits the unfinished business of the clerical sexual abuse scandals, which represent the greatest blow to the moral authority of the Catholic Church in centuries. In many ways, Benedict XVI was a reformer on the scandals, meeting with victims, apologizing for their suffering and embracing a “zero tolerance” policy for abuser priests. Bergoglio's journey to the top of the Church Critics, however, believe the process of reform has a long way to go, beginning with accountability not just for the priests who abuse but for the bishops who cover it up. The world will be waiting for a clear signal from Francis that his legendary “closeness to the people” includes compassion for abuse victims, and that prelates who mishandle abuse complaints will pay a price. He’ll also have to make hard decisions on other unresolved questions about the abuse scandals, such as whether to impose a “mandatory reporter” policy on all bishops worldwide, requiring them to relay all allegations to civil police and prosecutors, and whether to order dioceses to release their files on accused priests. There may well be good reasons for not taking those steps, at least as a matter of binding global policy. There are some corners of the world, for instance, where police and prosecutors don’t always have the best interests of justice at heart, and a policy of automatic cooperation could be tantamount to a suicide pact. At minimum, however, Pope Francis will have to explain the logic for his choices in a transparent fashion, in order to convince the world that the Catholic Church has turned a corner. As history’s first Latin American pope, Francis is especially conscious that so far the sex abuse crisis really hasn’t exploded across the developing world as it has in Europe and North America. That may impose extra pressure to get ahead of the curve, sparing the Church in his part of the world the painful experiences of Catholics in the West. Follow the CNN Belief Blog on Twitter Fourth, Pope Francis also inherits a Church in Europe and North America that appears to be increasingly at odds with the surrounding secular culture. In the United States, the Catholic bishops and other Christian leaders are still wrestling with the Obama administration over contraception mandates issued as part of health care reform, with the specter of prolonged litigation and nasty public fights. In the United Kingdom, several Catholic adoption agencies have been shut down after the 2010 “Equality Act” made it illegal for them to refuse to place children with same-sex couples. Cardinal Francis George of Chicago, considered the leading intellectual light among the American bishops, issued an ominous forecast in 2010: “I expect to die in bed, my successor will die in prison, and his successor will die a martyr in the public square.” These tensions with the broader culture are exacerbated by divisions within the Church. A Pew Forum poll taken shortly after Benedict XVI announced his resignation found that 46 percent of American Catholics wanted the next pope to move Catholicism in a more progressive direction, while 51 percent wanted him to maintain its traditional teachings. That’s a fair reflection of the deep left/right divide within the Church. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus famously says that “a house divided against itself cannot stand.” In many ways, the Catholic Church across the West is just such a house divided, plagued by tensions among competing tribes – pro-life Catholics versus the peace-and-justice crowd, liturgical traditionalists against innovators, dissident theologians against hard-line bishops, not to mention the free-for-all of the Catholic blogosphere, where no spleen ever goes unvented. Francis will be expected to reach across those fault lines, reminding Catholics of what they have in common rather than what divides them, and working out a modus vivendi with an increasingly skeptical secular world. Despite being a staunch theological conservative, Francis has a lifetime of experience within the Jesuit religious order, where the center of gravity tends to be more to the left. Perhaps that background will give him a leg up on trying to heal fractures within the Church, and in its relationships with the wider world. So far, Pope Francis hasn’t made many substantive moves to address these challenges, but he has gone some distance towards reframing the debate. CNN’s Belief Blog: The faith angles behind the biggest stories Traditionally, critics accuse the Catholic leadership of being out of touch and drunk on its own power. That’s likely to be a harder case to make against a pontiff who shuns his limousine in favor of taking the bus, who packs his own bags and pays his own bills, and who makes his own phone calls. Those may be small touches, but popes teach as much with their deeds as with their words, and so far Francis’ gestures have spoken to a humbler, simpler style of leadership. Gestures alone won’t spare the pope tough choices. They may, however, incline the world to give the pope making them a greater benefit of the doubt. For a Church that’s long had an image problem, this alone can’t help but seem an awfully promising start. The Editors - CNN Belief Blog Filed under: Catholic Church • Pope Francis • Vatican Next entry »Pope Francis energizes world's Catholics « Previous entryHumble pope has complicated past soundoff (684 Responses) Goranesh I just got paid $6784 working off my laptop this month for doing extra easy tasks from this one cool site! Whoever needs extra cash can do it this way, and best of all, to be paid weekly!!! This is so easy to do that even a 10 yr old kid can do it. You won't forgive yourself if you don't check this out! Rich45.com__ March 18, 2013 at 6:50 pm \| Tom, Tom, the Other One And don't forget to check out Jesus too. March 18, 2013 at 10:08 pm \| Lollapalooza The Pope's biggest challenge is to show that his God exists but the others like Allah and the Hindu gods don't. They all answer prayers and perform miracles. March 18, 2013 at 6:19 pm \| creight frazee Brianna. I can see what your saying... Barry`s st0ry is super, on monday I bought a great Renault 5 after earning $5221 this last five weeks and-over, 10-k last month. this is certainly the nicest-job Ive ever done. I started this 8-months ago and pretty much straight away was bringing in at least $75... per hour. I follow this great link,........... BIT40. ℂOℳ March 18, 2013 at 4:38 pm \| kevobx Satan is pimping his idol worshippers, by giving them exactly what they truly desire first in their heart. (Psalm 75:10) March 18, 2013 at 4:08 pm \| End Religion how's that straight jacket fitting? A little snug? Good.... March 18, 2013 at 6:21 pm \| Austin he is a evil pimp. ill give kevobx a talley mark. March 18, 2013 at 8:00 pm \| kevobx When you read the Bible, let God be the I, my and we in the scriptures. Thou is the white man. Thee is the black man. The world is full of cowards, who love their things more than the word of God and they hate the word of the Lord (Proverbs 6:16) Psalm 81:15 The haters of the Lord should have submitted themselves unto him: March 18, 2013 at 3:34 pm \| Blessed are the Cheesemakers 'You' are a loon. March 18, 2013 at 4:05 pm \| kevobx Does the eagle represent America, every man to his quarter. As far as Churchill, America married themselves into the British empire. Esau is dukes and lords also. Exodus 15:15 Then the dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty men of Moab, trembling shall take hold upon them; all the inhabitants of Canaan shalt melt away. Psalm 83:6 The tabernacles of Edom, and the Ishmaelites; of Moab; and the Hagarenes; Psalm 105:23 Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. (Look what happens to them all Deuteronomy 28:68) (Psalm 78:1-72 explains us, but the world needs a new heart read it. They are all afraid of grace and truth.) March 18, 2013 at 3:15 pm \| Austin that makes perfect sense kevobx , that was the history of this country. America marrying britian. and so all white people are Esau. good job. you should be proud. I pray, that the Lord will see what you are up to. March 18, 2013 at 8:02 pm \| Austin Kevobx, you are a Louis Farakahaun follower huh? I got you figured out. March 18, 2013 at 8:04 pm \| Annrafnk He should make all the clergy wear peasant type clothes, sell all the gold they have, feed the poor, cloth the poor, shelter the poor. Just what Jesus told them to do. Instead they live like Pharisees. March 18, 2013 at 2:16 pm \| Saraswati Catholic priests live roughly the same as other liberal arts grads. Lowish pay, but descent benefits. March 18, 2013 at 10:06 pm \| Atheist, me? Do you know that there were four statues of Angels and twelve bronze oxen all in the Jewish Temple of YHWH. It pays to know that it is not the statues per se but the person who worships them. Arabs n other Muslims still put on khol to ward off the evil eye and consult mefiums but call us idolators. Most of you have made the Quran a fetish and therefore will not read it in a language you understand. March 18, 2013 at 2:09 pm \| { ! } (From a quote below). The pope talked about demonic worldliness. "The too credulous are often deceived...lunatics often declare themselves to be possessed and tormented by the devil; and these people nevertheless are far more in need of a doctor than an exorcist." - Acts of the Synod of Rheims, 1583 The Roman Catholic church understood the difference between demonic influence and psychosis about 273 years before the birth of Sigmund Freud. March 18, 2013 at 2:02 pm \| The real Tom So? What do you think they did with those who were mentally ill? March 18, 2013 at 2:03 pm \| Blessed are the Cheesemakers "The Roman Catholic church understood the difference between demonic influence and psychosis about 273 years before the birth of Sigmund Freud." Ummmm, no it didn't. Demonic influence has never been established as a real condition, therefore the Catholic church itself disseminates psychosis. March 18, 2013 at 2:16 pm \| { ! } @The Real Tom "What do you think they did with those who were mentally ill?" The church might have turned them over to the Inquisition, which in point of fact, was operated by the state. But can you offer some data on the question? March 18, 2013 at 2:29 pm \| The real Tom Only if you can tell me what point you're attempting to make. March 18, 2013 at 3:55 pm \| Austin Malachi 3:6 For I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Psalm 77:15 Thou hast redeemed thy people, the sons of Jacob and Joseph. Selah. kevobx, if you are implying that ephriam is lost (and will be found) and that Jacob, spiritual israel is "colored", then i will not argue with that. you might be right. but gentiles are not any different than spiritual israel in redemption. First for the Jew, then for the gentile. Our savior is a redeemer. And he came to save the sick, and not the righteouss. Those who believe on the name of Jesus shall be saved. This does not come down to skin color. And further more, my opinion is that jacobs descendants would be middle eastern dark, and that Adam was probably black if not dark. if you can take scripture and show that all of jacobs descendants were of color, then i stand behind you with pride. Because I know that God loves everyone , and that He judges the heart. Clearly spiritual Israel, the seed of Abraham, has a future gathering from the descendants of Israel/Jacob. but TODAY, spiritual israel refers to Jew and Gentiles, and the entire world of Holy Spirit saved individuals. not a denomination, not an ethnicity, not a church, but individuals who are saved. March 18, 2013 at 1:46 pm \| Jesus Adam never existed, and god didn't create the universe in six days. March 18, 2013 at 2:00 pm \| Blessed are the Cheesemakers "Our savior is a redeemer. And he came to save the sick, and not the righteouss. Those who believe on the name of Jesus shall be saved" "Love me or burn" Is not a moral position. March 18, 2013 at 2:05 pm \| sam stone Ironic that people want to spend eternity with a being from whom they have to be saved. March 18, 2013 at 2:13 pm \| Bill Deacon Hey sam, earnest question; Is that really your understanding of eternal life and damnation or are you simply reshilling something I see you post about once a week? The reason I ask is because if that is what you actually believe to be the dynamic, you are horribly confused. Otherwise, you're at best being satirical, at worse lying. March 18, 2013 at 4:41 pm \| sam stone i am not lying, bill. in order for it to be a lie, i would have to know otherwise. i am just commenting on what believers say. as far as me being horribly confused, how would you know? have you been there? if not, with what authority do you speak? the god that believers often describe is a vindictive pr1ck. why anyone would desire eternity with that being is beyond me. March 18, 2013 at 5:01 pm \| sam stone and the only reason you see it reposted is no one ever answers the question. do you care to answer it? March 18, 2013 at 5:02 pm \| Bill Deacon Sure, I'll give it a go. You present your question as genuine so I presume you want a real answer. Regardless of how you may have interpreted what you claim others have said, God, as close and as generally as we may describe Him, is the source of love and life. When you ascribe human characteristics to HIm, you are not talking about God, you are talking about a perversion of your or someone else's image of Him. To spend eternity with God, is to spend eternity with the source and the very being of love and life. I'm using the words love and life as poor descriptors for all the language that has been used to describe eternal bliss, happiness, nirvana, peace and healing; you choose the adjective. We are not condemned to hell by God but by our own rejection of relationship with Him. To reject God (insert your adjective), is to choose eternity without Him. It is too choose an eternity with our self. Not ourselves as in alone but our selfs as in our limited ability to live and to love. Our inability to achieve bliss on our own. Our impermanence. That, we describe as hell. It is a straw man argument to quote "Love God or go to hell" That is a misrepresentation of the dynamic. A mis-characterization of eternal life and an incorrect description of the state of being we call hell. So this also answers the question you often pose about reconciling free will with determinism. It is God's will that you choose to be happy, joyous and free but apart from Him, it is not possible. he grants you the choice, because to coerce you would be false, a lie, a travesty. You must have the freedom to reject love, life and peace if the acceptance of it is to be genuine. I suspect you know most of these arguments and will proceed to disassemble them to perpetuate your stance but you posted as if your genuine belief is that God is pointing a gun at your head screaming "LOVE ME" and that is simply not the case. He is merely inviting you to turn from hatred and bitterness and death (hell) and choose life. Your choice. March 18, 2013 at 5:45 pm \| sam stone "When you ascribe human characteristics to HIm, you are not talking about God, you are talking about a perversion of your or someone else's image of Him" Like love, or jealous, or eternal bliss? I do not believe that you have not read the "repent or burn" lines on here from the likes of Gopher and others March 18, 2013 at 5:54 pm \| sam stone it is not like god is pointing a gun at people's heads. it is more like a wiseguy going up to a person, saying "it would sure be a shame if SOMETHING HAPPENED to you" pointing a gun is to honest March 18, 2013 at 6:31 pm \| sam stone to = too March 18, 2013 at 6:47 pm \| Blessed are the Cheesemakers "We are not condemned to hell by God but by our own rejection of relationship with Him." Bill, In order to reject god, one would have to believe god was real in the first place. If god was an objectively true and real your essay might make some sense. God and specifically your version of god is not objectively true and therefore those who do not believe are not "rejecting" anything. The most common rebuttal to this is that somehow god makes himeself known to all, of course there is no objective proof of that either. this being the case if god removes individuals from his presence it is his doing alone and not the responsibility of the individual. If you have a different take, have a go at that. March 18, 2013 at 8:41 pm \| Atheist, me? Well at some point in time Cain, Ephraim, Hispanics had a white father. Only the whites will only consider you white if u r three generations pure. I love them as myself nonetheless. Hope progress comes to you. March 18, 2013 at 1:42 pm \| Jesus 4. Pedophile priests 3. Protecting pedophile priests 2. Get better at noticing the warning signs of pedophile priests so they can minimize the cleanup after the shit hits the fan. 1. Hushing victims of pedophile priests March 18, 2013 at 1:33 pm \| Austin The pope talked about demonic worldliness. and testifying about the cross and crucifixion. Good man. He is risen. March 18, 2013 at 1:31 pm \| Damocles Right. If the homeless guy on the corner starts raving about demons, they'd lock him up, put a funny hat on him and he's suddenly a world leader. March 18, 2013 at 1:34 pm \| Doc Vestibule There's a big difference between a tin foil hat and a golden one. 😉 March 18, 2013 at 1:36 pm \| Damocles Hell why stop at gold? Put a platinum hat on him, then he's really, really telling the truth. March 18, 2013 at 1:49 pm \| The real Tom What if it's a hat made in a triangular shape and constructed of hair? March 18, 2013 at 1:51 pm \| Damocles Oh, yes, hair hats trump platinum! March 18, 2013 at 1:53 pm \| The real Tom How 'bout one made from a dead cat? Oh, wait. Donald Trump has that one. March 18, 2013 at 1:54 pm \| Akira I thought Donald's pelt was made from a fox, it being orange and all. Could be a ginger tabby, though. March 18, 2013 at 2:02 pm \| The real Tom This is a possibility I had not considered. March 18, 2013 at 2:04 pm \| sam stone If the Pope is risen, it is likely because some precocious alterboy flittered in front of him March 18, 2013 at 2:15 pm \| kevobx Mankind and his ratings of labels, idolatry is evil. Have you noticed, the entire world is named after saints, the people, places and things. Revelation 15:3 And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints. Nehemiah 9:14 And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath, and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant: March 18, 2013 at 11:42 am \| meifumado Now try to say something that makes sense. March 18, 2013 at 11:43 am \| sam stone Good luck with that March 18, 2013 at 1:10 pm \| Austin so is naming everything after saints idolatry? is that what you are saying? what do you think kev? March 18, 2013 at 1:29 pm \| Most Christians are Idolators “‘You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments." Deut 5: 8-10 I see Christians with their carved images all the time, Jesus, Mary, the Saints, all likenesses of things on Earth. As for naming things after the Saints I have no doubt that kind of veneration would also be frowned upon by the jealous God of the Hebrews. March 18, 2013 at 1:48 pm \| Science is Fun Mars Evolution: Could Life Have Appeared On Red Planet Before Earth? http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/13/mars-evolution-life-before-earth_n_2867246.html?utm_hp_ref=science March 18, 2013 at 11:30 am \| { ! } Some scientists speculate that about 70 million tons of earth soil are present on Mars. They speculate that terrific volcanic explosions on earth placed it on Mars. Any evidence of life found on Mars may have originated on earth. March 18, 2013 at 2:39 pm \| kevobx The colored people, see the Esau red in them, the Cain followers of Baal. Hispanics are too ashamed to be called Puerto Ricans, their biblical name is Ephraim. Hispanics think they are white! You are what your father is. A Mexican and a Cuban are not hispanic people ask them. Reading Revelation 7 Ephraim is missing & Dan the serpent by the way. Two-thirds of the world is with the Pope, and the others worship other gods that cannot save. Now there remains the 144,000 who worship the Father in Spirit and in truth (Isaiah 45:20) March 18, 2013 at 11:11 am \| Saraswati This guy either has a frontal lobe injury or is trying to pull your leg...i'd guess the latter. March 18, 2013 at 11:12 am \| The real Tom Comma key broken again, dolt? You're another version of herbie. No brains, no talent, just raw sewage. March 18, 2013 at 11:13 am \| Blessed are the Cheesemakers Hard to tell for sure, I have heard and seen completely serious people spout the same type of non-sense. They are out there. March 18, 2013 at 11:19 am \| Austin kevbox, do you think eprhiam is cursed? lost is differnt than missing. are the missing to be found? is the pope good or bad? March 18, 2013 at 1:33 pm \| In Santa we trust Hispanic is a confusing term as it includes the Europeans and the native population and the resulting mixture. When the bible was written the native Americans were unknown so the only reference could be to the Europeans who are white. March 18, 2013 at 1:42 pm \| Atheist, me? You guys are too worried about your skin over there. March 18, 2013 at 1:45 pm \| Science is Fun Richard Feynman Experiment Recreated, 'Confirms Quantum Mechanics,' Physicist Says http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/17/physicist-richard-feynman-thought-experiment_n_2883913.html?utm_hp_ref=science March 18, 2013 at 11:09 am \| Science is Fun Richard Feynman on God http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YltEym9H0x4 March 18, 2013 at 11:10 am \| End Religion One of the Pope's most immediate challenges is to work on some of the Belief Blog abuse issues. There is no higher calling in the church. March 18, 2013 at 10:59 am \| Akira Lol. March 18, 2013 at 11:12 am \| Universe God in Quran says, (Islamic scripture) “They even attribute to Him sons and daughters, without any knowledge. Be He glorified. He is the Most High, far above their claims.” Quran [6:100] “The example of Jesus, as far as GOD is concerned, is the same as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him, "Be," and he was.” Quran [3:59] ‘They said, "You have to be Jewish or Christian, to be guided." Say, "We follow the religion of Abraham – monotheism – he never was an idol worshiper." [2:135] “Proclaim, He is the One and only GOD. The Absolute GOD. Never did He beget. Nor was He begotten. None equals Him." [112:1] “The Messiah, son of Mary is no more than a messenger like the messengers before him, and his mother was a saint. Both of them used to eat the food. Note how we explain the revelations for them, and note how they still deviate!” [5:75] “It does not befit God that He begets a son, be He glorified. To have anything done, He simply says to it, "Be," and it is.” [19:35] “No soul can carry the sins of another soul. If a soul that is loaded with sins implores another to bear part of its load, no other soul can carry any part of it, even if they were related. ... [35:18] “They do not value God as He should be valued. God is the Most Powerful, the Almighty.”[22:74] “If you obey the majority of people on earth, they will divert you from the path of God. They follow only conjecture; they only guess.” [Quran 6:116] “There shall be no compulsion in religion: the right way is now distinct from the wrong way. Anyone who denounces the devil and believes in God has grasped the strongest bond; one that never breaks. God is Hearer, Omniscient.” [2:256] “O people, here is a parable that you must ponder carefully: the idols you set up beside God can never create a fly, even if they banded together to do so. Furthermore, if the fly steals anything from them, they cannot recover it; weak is the pursuer and the pursued.” [22:73] “God: there is no other god besides Him, the Living, the Eternal. Never a moment of unawareness or slumber overtakes Him. To Him belongs everything in the heavens and everything on earth. Who could intercede with Him, except in accordance with His will? He knows their past, and their future. No one attains any knowledge, except as He wills. His dominion encompasses the heavens and the earth, and ruling them never burdens Him. He is the Most High, the Great.” [2:255] Thanks for taking time to read my post. Please take a moment to clear your misconception by going to whyIslam org website. March 18, 2013 at 10:44 am \| Saraswati Better yet, just read the Quran. It cleared up any misconceptions I had about Islam being a peaceful or rational religion. March 18, 2013 at 10:52 am \| Reality As the koranic/mosque driven acts of terror and horror continue: The Muslim Conquest of India – 11th to 18th century ■"The likely death toll is somewhere between 2 million and 80 million. The geometric mean of those two limits is 12.7 million. " and the 19 million killed in the Mideast Slave Trade 7C-19C by Muslims. and more recently 1a) 179 killed in Mumbai/Bombay, 290 injured 1b) Assassination of Benazir Bhutto and Theo Van Gogh 2) 9/11, 3000 mostly US citizens, 1000’s injured 3) The 24/7 Sunni-Shiite centuries-old blood feud currently being carried out in Iraq, US troops killed in action, 3,480 and 928 in non combat roles. 102,522 – 112,049 Iraqi civilians killed as of 9/16/2011/, mostly due to suicide bombers, land mines and bombs of various types, http://www.iraqbodycount.org/ and http://www.defenselink.mil/news/casualty.pdf 4) Kenya- In Nairobi, about 212 people were killed and an estimated 4000 injured; in Dar es Salaam, the attack killed at least 11 and wounded 85.[2] 5) Bali-in 2002-killing 202 people, 164 of whom were foreign nationals, and 38 Indonesian citizens. A further 209 people were injured. 6) Bali in 2005- Twenty people were killed, and 129 people were injured by three bombers who killed themselves in the attacks. 7) Spain in 2004- killing 191 people and wounding 2,050. 8. UK in 2005- The bombings killed 52 commuters and the four radical Islamic suicide bombers, injured 700. 9) The execution of an eloping couple in Afghanistan on 04/15/2009 by the Taliban. 10) – Afghanistan: US troops 1,385 killed in action, 273 killed in non-combat situations as of 09/15/2011. Over 40,000 Afghan civilians killed due to the dark-age, koranic-driven Taliban acts of horror 11) The killing of 13 citizen soldiers at Ft. Hood by a follower of the koran. 12) 38 Russian citizens killed on March 29, 2010 by Muslim women suicide bombers. 13) The May 28, 2010 attack on a Islamic religious minority in Pakistan, which have left 98 dead, 14) Lockerbie is known internationally as the site where, on 21 December 1988, the wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 crashed as a result of a terrorist bomb. In the United Kingdom the event is referred to as the Lockerbie disaster, the Lockerbie bombing, or simply Lockerbie. Eleven townspeople were killed in Sherwood Crescent, where the plane's wings and fuel tanks plummeted in a fiery explosion, destroying several houses and leaving a huge crater, with debris causing damage to a number of buildings nearby. The 270 fatalities (259 on the plane, 11 in Lockerbie) were citizens of 21 nations. 15 The daily suicide and/or roadside and/or mosque bombings in the terror world of Islam. 16) Bombs sent from Yemen by followers of the koran which fortunately were discovered before the bombs were detonated. 17) The killing of 58 Christians in a Catholic church in one of the latest acts of horror and terror in Iraq. 18) Moscow airport suicide bombing: 35 dead, 130 injured. January 25, 2011. 19) A Pakistani minister, who had said he was getting death threats because of his stance against the country's controversial blasphemy law, was shot and killed Wednesday, 3/2/2011 20) two American troops killed in Germany by a recently radicalized Muslim, 3/3/2011 21) the kidnapping and apparent killing of a follower of Zoraster in the dark world of Islamic Pakistan. 22) Shariatpur, Bangladesh (CNN 3/30/2011) - Hena Akhter's last words to her mother proclaimed her innocence. But it was too late to save the 14-year-old girl. Her fellow villagers in Bangladesh's Shariatpur district had already passed harsh judgment on her. Guilty, they said, of having an affair with a married man. The imam from the local mosque ordered the fatwa, or religious ruling, and the punishment: 101 lashes delivered swiftly, deliberately in public. Hena dropped after 70 and died a week later. 23) "October 4, 2011, 100 die as a truck loaded with drums of fuel exploded Tuesday at the gate of compound housing several government ministries on a busy Mogadishu street. It was the deadliest single bombing carried out by the al Qaeda-linked al-Shabab group in Somalia since their insurgency began. " o 24) Mon Jun 4, 2012 10:18am EDT o BAGHDAD (Reuters) – A suicide bomber detonated an explosive-packed car outside a Shi'ite Muslim office in central Baghdad on Monday, killing at least 26 people and wounding more than 190 in an attack bearing the hallmarks of Iraq's al Qaeda affiliate. The bombing on a Shi'ite religious office comes at a sensitive time, with the country's fractious Shi'ite, Sunni and Kurdish blocs locked in a crisis that threatens to unravel their power-sharing deal and spill into sectarian tensions." 25) BURGAS, Bulgaria \| Thu Jul 19, 2012 11:27am EDT (Reuters) – A suicide bomber carried out an attack that killed seven people in a bus transporting Israeli tourists in Bulgaria, the interior minister said on Thursday, and Israel said Iranian-backed Hezbollah militants were to blame. 26 ) September 12, 2012 U.S. AMBASSADOR KILLED Envoy to Libya dies in rocket blast March 18, 2013 at 10:55 am \| Over 40,000 denominations of insanity Some believe the Pope is the Anti-Christ. Some believe that celibacy is appropriate for certain people, or for certain positions. It's ridiculous. Celibacy is unnatural and will continue to cause problems for the religious institutions that employ it. Many of the people from these same institutions advocate against abortion, but don't understand the realistic benefit of the morning after pill or even basic contraception; their unrealistic wishful thinking is causing the death of many at the hands of disease. Realistically, many abortions could be avoided if a morning-after pill were not viewed as such an evil option. Many of these same people bring children into the world at a high pace, and then would prefer that the rest of society take over and educate their children in their particular brand of religion when they don't plan well. In the U.S. recently we learned of the head of Lutheran CMS chastising a minister of that church for participating in a joint service for the victims of the Newtown school shooting. One sect calls homosexuality an abomination while the next one in the same denomination is already performing gay marriage. One sect, the Westboro Baptist Church believes Americans are being killed at war because America is too kind to "fags". One sect believes that Jesus and Satan were brothers and that Christ will return to Jerusalem AND Jackson County, Missouri. One sect believes women to be subservient, while another sect in the same denomination promotes equality between the sexes. Conflicted right from the very beginning, Christianity continues to splinter and create divisions and more extremism as it goes. ================================================= Has anything improved with Christianity since 200+ years ago? Thomas Jefferson, POTUS #3 (from Notes on the State of Virginia): Millions of innocent men, women, and children, since the introduction of Christianity, have been burnt, tortured, fined, imprisoned; yet we have not advanced one inch towards uniformity. What has been the effect of coercion? To make one half the world fools, and the other half hypocrites. To support roguery and error all over the earth. James Madison, POTUS #4, chief architect of the U.S. Constitution & the Bill of Rights (from A Memorial and Remonstrance delivered to the Virginia General Assembly in 1785): During almost fifteen centuries has the legal establishment of Christianity been on trial. What has been its fruits? More or less in all places, pride and indolence in the clergy; ignorance and servility in the laity; in both, superstition, bigotry, and persecution. John Adams, POTUS #2 (in a letter to Thomas Jefferson, 09/03/1816): I almost shudder at the thought of alluding to the most fatal example of the abuses of grief which the history of mankind has preserved – the Cross. Consider what calamities that engine of grief has produced! With the rational respect that is due to it, knavish priests have added prostitutions of it, that fill or might fill the blackest and bloodiest pages of human history. Ben Franklin (from a letter to The London Packet, 3 June 1772): If we look back into history for the character of present sects in Christianity, we shall find few that have not in their turns been persecutors, and complainers of persecution. The primitive Christians thought persecution extremely wrong in the Pagans, but practised it on one another. The first Protestants of the Church of England, blamed persecution in the Roman church, but practised it against the Puritans: these found it wrong in the Bishops, but fell into the same practice themselves both here and in New England. Thomas Paine (from The Age of Reason): All national institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit. March 18, 2013 at 10:41 am \| « Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Next » Next entry »Pope Francis energizes world's Catholics « Previous entryHumble pope has complicated past About this blog The CNN Belief Blog covers the faith angles of the day's biggest stories, from breaking news to politics to entertainment, fostering a global conversation about the role of religion and belief in readers' lives. It's edited by CNN's Daniel Burke with contributions from Eric Marrapodi and CNN's worldwide news gathering team. Recent Posts Beyond Belief Jerusalem terror attack 'strikes at soul' of Jews worldwide Church: Mormon founder Joseph Smith wed 40 wives How Brittany Maynard forced us to look at death New Chicago archbishop ditches $14 million mansion It's hard to change the Catholic Church. Even if you're the Pope. Mark Driscoll, top megachurch pastor, resigns Why I got arrested in Ferguson Under conservative assault, Vatican backtracks on gay comments A new welcome for gay Catholics in the church Recent Comments Science Works on Is the Internet killing religion? midwest rail on Why liberals are more tolerant of atheists I'm not a GOPer, nor do I play one on TV on Why liberals are more tolerant of atheists neverbeenhappieratheist on In Venezuela, a 'sacrilegious' Lord's Prayer CNN Belief Blog Editor on In Venezuela, a 'sacrilegious' Lord's Prayer Top tags abortion atheism atheist Bible Catholic Catholic Church Christianity church CNN CNN's Dan Gilgoff CNN's Dan Merica CNN's Jessica Ravitz cnn affiliate cnn cnn current-events entertainment evangelicals god Homosexuality human-rights isis Islam Israel Jesus Judaism media middle-east Muslim muslims politics Pope Pope Benedict pope benedict xvi Pope Francis Pope John Paul II Rachel Held Evans religion religious freedom roman catholic church science Supreme Court travel vacation Vatican World Youth Day
0.999995	Twitter shares tumbled 17% in early trading as quarterly profits came in at less than a quarter of what analysts had predicted. YOU MAY ALSO LIKE Small scale nuclear to get green light this week Covid-19: US reopens border to UK travellers after almost two years The company said it made $37m (£28.7m) profit in the third quarter. Product bugs and unusually low demand over the summer hampered advertising sales. Revenues were 9% higher than the previous year at $824m, but still at the lower end of Wall Street forecasts. The micro-blogging site said revenue had been predicted to fall from the first two quarters, but that unexpected problems had weighed on sales, including bugs which had an impact on its ability to target ads and share data. Twitter has also lowered fourth-quarter revenue predictions. The firm now expects to earn between $940m and $1.02bn in the fourth quarter, down from a previously forecast $1.06bn. The social media platform did boost the number of daily users who see ads on the site, known as monetisable daily active users (mDAU), which reached 145 million, beating analyst estimates for 141 million, up 17% year-on-year. Facebook will not fact-check politicians Twitter tweaks rules after calls to ban Trump New algorithms aim to stamp out abuse on Twitter Twitter's chief executive Jack Dorsey said the company was making improvements to the platform's algorithm. "We also continue to make progress on health, improving our ability to proactively identify and remove abusive content, with more than 50% of the Tweets removed for abusive content in Q3 taken down without a bystander or first-person report," he said. This crackdown on abusive behaviour is something analysts say separates Twitter from Facebook, which admitted on Thursday to being unable to confirm if hate speech from political candidates would be taken off the platform. "Twitter has focused on the core experience for their users instead of politics," said Wendy Johansson of digital consultancy Publicis Sapient. "They're not out fighting a political war like Facebook – they're focused on building the best tech and getting users addicted to the tech." Anthony Macro, head of social advertising at Croud, said the social media platform's attempts to root out bad activity would appeal to advertisers, but that their record was not flawless. "It might be even harder to convince more people to join the platform after Twitter admitted in August it may have shared users' data with advertising platforms without consent," he said. "With privacy so top of mind for users, across all social media platforms, it's absolutely critical for Twitter to sort these issues out if they want to make serious headway with future results," he added. Mr Macro said the big question for Twitter was whether it could monetise its profile and turn its political influence into advertising revenue. ShareTweetPin Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment Name * Email * Website Privacy Policy Agreement * I agree to the Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy. Δ Search No Result View All Result Recent News Cambodia Reopens for Fully Vaccinated Travelers November 19, 2021 Ahead of Summit, U.S. Deported Chinese Nationals, and China Let an American Leave November 19, 2021 Modi to Repeal India Farm Laws Following Protests November 19, 2021 Search No Result View All Result Recent News Cambodia Reopens for Fully Vaccinated Travelers November 19, 2021 Ahead of Summit, U.S. Deported Chinese Nationals, and China Let an American Leave November 19, 2021 Modi to Repeal India Farm Laws Following Protests November 19, 2021 Safak Haberim News Agency is renowned for the analysis, perspective, opinion and insight that our journalism provides to a diverse and discerning audience. Every day the content we create – in print, online, in our apps and across many other platforms – is setting the news agenda, sparking debate and provoking comment. Recent News Cambodia Reopens for Fully Vaccinated Travelers Ahead of Summit, U.S. Deported Chinese Nationals, and China Let an American Leave Modi to Repeal India Farm Laws Following Protests Category Business Entertainment Europe Middle East Politics Sports Technology Top News Uncategorized USA World News Recent News Cambodia Reopens for Fully Vaccinated Travelers November 19, 2021 Ahead of Summit, U.S. Deported Chinese Nationals, and China Let an American Leave November 19, 2021 About advertise Privacy & Policy Contact Us © 2015-2021 Safak News Agency - Safak Haberim Online News SafakHaberim. No Result View All Result Business Entertainment Europe Middle East Politics Sports Top News World News © 2015-2021 Safak News Agency - Safak Haberim Online News SafakHaberim. This website uses cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy.
0.986906	California Health Officials 'Closely Monitoring' New COVID Omicron Variant State health officials released a statement Sunday confirming that they are "closely monitoring" developments with the new Omicron variant of COVID-19 that recently surfaced and is spreading around the world. One Dead, Two Wounded In Early Morning San Francisco Shootings One man was dead and two others wounded in three separate early Sunday morning shootings across San Francisco. Photos Photos: Rival Sons and Reignwolf Rock Out at the WarfieldBlues-rock band Rival Sons brought their current tour with Reignwolf and Jameson to the Warfield in San Francisco Thursday. KPIX5 Live Special Reports Weather Weather Links Interactive Radar Weather Maps Weather App Weather Videos Weather Videos Sports All Sports 49ers A's Stanford Earthquakes Giants Sharks Warriors Sports Odds Golden State Warriors Irate Steph Curry Torches Clippers In Warriors 8th Straight WinMoments after being called for a technical foul, Warriors star Steph Curry unleashed a salvo of three consecutive deep 3-point shots to break open a close game and lead Golden State to its eight straight win -- a 105-90 victory over the Los Angeles Clippers on Sunday. Curry Scores 32 Points as Warriors Top Trail BlazersStephen Curry had 32 points, eight assists and seven rebounds, Andrew Wiggins scored 25 points and the Warriors beat the Trail Blazers 118-103 on Friday night. Warriors Use Big Second-Half Comeback To Beat 76ers, Win 5th StraightStephen Curry scored 25 points to younger brother Seth's 24 for the 76ers, and the Golden State Warriors used a big second-half comeback to beat Philadelphia 116-96 on Wednesday night for their fifth straight win. Ready To Return To The Court, Klay Thompson Says Warriors Have Another Shot At TitleIn due time, Klay Thompson is counting on more 37-point quarters and other scoring outbursts from himself, like the time he made 14 3-pointers in a game. CBS+ Latest Entertainment News From ViacomCBS Raiders-Cowboys Preview: Can Las Vegas Or Dallas Bounce Back On Thanksgiving?The Raiders and Cowboys are both coming off of disappointing losses just as division races heat up. 'Real World' Star Jon Brennan Says Old Issues Lead To 'Butting Heads' In Reunion For 1993 Cast: 'Felt Like We Were Back In The '90s'Seven cast members return nearly 30 years later hoping to settle their differences in 'The Real World Homecoming: Los Angeles.' Alabama Will 'Take Care Of Business Versus Auburn': CBS Sports’ Aaron Murray Previews College Football MatchupsCBS Sports' Aaron Murray breaks down #3 Alabama-Auburn and other important college football matchups. 64th Annual GRAMMY Award Nominees: Taylor Swift And Kanye West Up For Album Of The YearView the nominees for the '64th Annual GRAMMY Awards' on CBS and Paramount+. Ravens-Bears Preview: Ravens Defense 'Hasn't Played As Well As We're Accustomed To Seeing,' Says CBS Sports' London FletcherThe Ravens, coming off a disappointing loss, face a Bears team that's seeing improvement from its young quarterback. Naseer Muttalif Says He Played 'Like There Was No Tomorrow' On 'Survivor 41'Naseer Muttalif discusses his time in 'Survivor 41' and the shocking blindside that sent him to the jury. Video CBSN Bay Area News Videos Politics Videos Sports Videos Weather Videos More Station Info KPIX 5 Advertise Travel COVID: Expert Says New Omicron Coronavirus Variant Likely Already in U.S.While no cases have been discovered in the United States, a UCSF infectious disease expert believes the variant first identified in South Africa is already here. Holiday Getaway Travelers Pack Bay Area AirportsSome airports in the Bay Area are seeing their busiest day since the pandemic began as people get an early start to their Thanksgiving travel. Travel Experts Forecast Return Of Pre-COVID Crowds This Holiday SeasonThis holiday travel season, the lines at airports are already looking a lot different than it did last year, as you can imagine. Expect it to be busy at airports, similar to pre-COVID levels. More CBS+ CBSN Bay AreaWatch Now March Sponsored By Laudemer Arboleda's Family Marks 3rd Anniversary of Fatal Danville Officer-Involved ShootingGathered in front of the Danville Public Library, a group of mothers, members of an unfortunate sorority of women who lost their sons in police shootings, came to mark the three-year anniversary of Laudemer Arboleda's death. San Francisco Students, Parents Protest Racial Profiling of Black 5th Grader at Castro SafewayChildren from a San Francisco elementary school named after a civil rights icon rallied Wednesday, demanding justice for a Black fifth-grade student who was falsely accused of stealing a sandwich at a Castro District Safeway. Students, Youth Activists March To Alameda Courthouse To Demand Justice For Mario GonzalezStudents, parents and youth activists rallied and marched from Oakland to the footsteps of the Alameda Police Department on Monday, demanding justice for the death of Mario Gonzalez while in police custody. Thousands Stage Golden Gate Bridge March In Show Of Support For ArmeniaWhile San Francisco police continue investigating hate crimes targeting their local community, thousands of Bay Area residents of Armenian descent and their supporters marched to the Golden Gate Bridge Saturday to raise awareness of the growing border conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan half a world away. Breonna Taylor Protesters Slow Traffic On Golden Gate, Bay BridgeAuthorities were reporting slower traffic on both the Golden Gate Bridge and Bay Bridge Thursday evening as Breanna Taylor protesters purposely decelerated on the spans to create gridlock. Bay Area Protests Held After No Officers Charged In Death Of Breonna Taylor; More Demonstrations ExpectedProtesters in the Bay Area Wednesday night joined demonstrators across the country after a grand jury in Kentucky did not charge police officers for the death of Breonna Taylor. Black Lives Matter: Thousands March In Martinez In A Peaceful Protest For Social JusticeBetween 1,500 and 2,000 people walked from the downtown Martinez courthouse to Martinez Waterfront Park in a peaceful Black Lives Matter protest Sunday afternoon. Tensions Running High On Eve Of Martinez Black Lives Matter ProtestMartinez Police Chief Manjit Sappal made a public appeal for calm as the East Bay city prepared for a large Black Lives Matter protest on Sunday afternoon. Speaker Pelosi, Mayor Breed Join Martin Luther King Day March In San FranciscoMayor London Breed and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, joined hundreds of people on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day as they marched through the city to honor his legacy. Tens of Thousands March in San Francisco for Action on Climate ChangeAn estimated 30,000 people crowded onto Market Street in San Francisco on Saturday for the "Rise for Climate" march. 'No Hate' Demonstrators March In Berkeley SaturdayThe march wound through Berkeley to show opposition to racism, organizers said. Concert Planned For Saturday To Counter Rally At Crissy FieldCounter rallies and marches planned for Saturday in San Francisco... Anti-Gun Violence March Across GG Bridge Part Of Nationwide ProtestMen, women and children marched through dense, morning fog across the Golden Gate Bridge to demand action against gun violence on Saturday. Thousands In SF Join Nationwide March For Science On Earth DayTens of thousands hit the streets of San Francisco Saturday to march for science. Bay Area Rallies, Marches Mark International Women's DayBay Area residents are recognizing the contribution of women to society during International Women's Day Wednesday with a variety of events ranging from rallies to marches to talks. 1234Next » Latest Weather TV Schedule 3:30 PMSports Stars of Tomorrow 4:00 PMAll In with Laila Ali 4:30 PMJudge Judy 5:00 PMKPIX 5 News @ 5pm 5:30 PMCBS Weekend News View All Programs Black Renaissance Our Newsletter Follow Us facebook_url twitter_url youtube_url instagram_url reddit_url linkedin_url Around The Nation 82-Year-Old Man Attacked By Dirt Bike, ATV Riders In BostonAn 82-year-old man was surrounded and assaulted by a group of people riding dirt bikes and ATVs in Boston. NASA's DART Mission To Make First-Ever Attempt To Protect Earth From Asteroids: 'This Is Rocket Science'"The asteroid we are trying to hit is about the size of a football stadium," said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division. "And we’re going to try and hit it with something the size of a refrigerator." New Video Shows Waukesha Christmas Parade Suspect Darrell Brooks Pleading For Help, Getting ArrestedIn the moments after ditching the red Ford Escape SUV that Darrell Brooks allegedly drove to mow down Waukesha Christmas Parade participants, Brooks ran to a nearby home asking for help. KPIX 5 Exclusive Live Salesforce Tower Cameras kpixtv Follow @kpixtv on Instagram Statement from KPIX 5 and CBS Television Stations WARRIORS WIN 🏀 Curry Scores 45 Points, Warrior Who doesn’t ❤️ a Steph Curry bobblehead? 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0.996422	[Updated] Will i still have to pay health insurance penalties (under the Obamacare individual mandate)? This is the question a lot of Americans are asking. The short answer is NO from 2019. Here is why the individual mandate, a.k.a Obamacare penalty, is no longer in effect from 2019: While Congressional Republicans were unable to muster the required majorities to pass several versions of House and Senate health care replacement bills, they were able to include a provision to repeal the individual mandate (i.e. the Obamacare penalty) via successfully passing their GOP tax reform bill to support President Trump’s tax reform agenda. While the Obamacare penalty applied for 2017 and 2018 tax filings (per details and amounts below), for 2019 the Affordable Care Act (ACA) individual mandate provision requiring every eligible American to obtain health insurance or pay financial penalty when filing taxes has been permanently scrapped. The individual mandate repeal does not mean that Obamacare or the broader ACA is dead – health insurance marketplaces and provisions like coverage for children under 26 are still in place. But it does deal a massive blow to the long term sustainability of ACA as it was based on ensuring enough healthy people buying health insurance (hence the penalty) to offset costs for providing subsidizing insurance to those who could not afford or were ineligible for employer sponsored insurance. I will update as more details are made available and encourage you to follow or share this article via Facebook or Twitter. ___ ObamaCare or the Affordable Care Act (ACA), is the law of the land now which means that all Americans with an income above a certain threshold have to purchase or have health insurance. The provision referred to as the individual mandate is what legally required most US citizens and legal residents to obtain private, employer sponsored or public health insurance (through state run exchanges). Based on the most recent data available it is estimated that the majority of the US population gets health insurance through their employers while 50 million people are uninsured. The remaining consumers either buy their own private insurance or are covered by federal/state government programs, such as Medicaid and Medicare. Here is a summary table of the standard penalties for not having health insurance. Details on how the penalty is applied and individual exemption mandates are provided in subsequent sections. Year Penalty (Single) Penalty (Family) Maximum Penalty 2019 No penalty No penalty No penalty 2018 $695 or 2.5% of income $2,085 or 2.5% of income $13,100 2017 $695 or 2.5% of income $2,085 or 2.5% of income $13,100 2016 $695 or 2.5% of income $2,085 or 2.5% of income $13,000 2015 $325 or 2% of income $975 or 2% of income $12,500 2014 $95 or 1% of income $285 or 1% of income $9,800 See this article for details on Republicans/Trump’s American Health Care Act (ACHA) to repeal individual mandate penalties and provide tax credits to offset the cost of providing insurance. Individuals: For the 2014 tax year (reported/filed in 2015), individuals who did not have insurance would owed $95, or 1 percent of income, whichever is greater. For the 2015 tax year it rose to the greater of $325 or 2 percent of income. But the penalty for 2016 rose yet again, reaching $695, or 2.5 percent of income, whichever is greater. From 2017, the minimum tax penalty per person will rise each year with inflation. Estimates are provided on the table above and it is likely 2017 penalties and maximums will remain the same as 2016 given the low inflation environment. And for children 18 and under, the minimum per-person tax is half of that for adults ($47.50). The tax penalty is pro-rated, so that a person who is not covered for only a single month would pay 1/12th of the tax that would be due for the full year. While the focus is on the $95 (single adult) penalty, the actual penalty may be much more for higher income people because the percentage component of the penalty comes into play. For example, a single person whose MAGI is $35,000 and elects not to have health insurance, may be liable for a penalty of $249 ($35,000 – $10,150 = $24,850 x 1% = $249). Families: For families the 2014 health insurance non-compliance penalty was capped at $285 per family, or 1% of income, whichever is greater. In 2015 it rose to the greater of $975 or 2 percent of income. For 2016, the penalty jumped sharply to $2,085 per family, or 2.5% of income, whichever is greater. From 2017, the penalty/tax will rise in line with inflation. The minimum amount per family is capped at triple the per-person tax, no matter how many individuals are in the taxpayer’s household. So, for example, a couple with one child over 18 (or two children age 18 or under), and no coverage, would pay a minimum of $285 in 2014, $975 in 2015 and $2,085 in 2016. And that would be the minimum no matter how many uninsured dependents a taxpayer has. The maximum penalty (under the percentage of income criteria) is capped at the national average price of a bronze plan sold through the health insurance marketplace. For 2014 the maximum was $9,800, $12,500 in 2015 and then $13,000 in 2016. The 2017 maximum penalty is expected to stay the same as 2016 or rise marginally in line with inflation. Individuals or families who fall below income-tax filing thresholds would not owe anything or get subsides or credits to offset health insurance costs (see section below on Health care premium tax credit). People who are unemployed or cannot find a policy that costs less than 8% of their modified adjusted gross income would also be exempt from penalties under the individual mandate. On the other hand, to offset the cost of providing insurance to low income households, individuals making more than $200,000 a year and couples earning above $250,000 will get additional health care taxes deducted as payroll taxes. These people are also hit with a 3.8 percent tax on investment income. Employers: For employers with 50 or more workers could face federal fines for not providing insurance coverage. Several of the other changes would take effect much sooner. For the current and future impacts of health insurance on employers see this article. Do I still have to pay the no coverage (individual mandate) penalty with Trump/GOP bill to repeal Obamacare? President Donald Trump along with Congressional Republicans have started the process to repeal Obamacare in 2017 via the American Health Care Act (ACHA). The challenge they are current facing is that their still isn’t broad consensus for this Obamacare replacement plan and implementing a full replacement will take months, if not years. Without an effective replacement plan an ACA repeal could leave millions without access to health insurance and create significant financial turmoil within the American healthcare system. From a health care penalty perspective, there is the strong expectation that the individual mandate will be removed from 2018 if the ACHA bill is passed (changes may be retroactive). This means that those without health insurance in 2017 may only be subject to a partial or no penalty when filing taxes in 2018. Note however that President Trump has signed an earlier Executive order that directed federal agencies to to waive or exempt health law-related provisions that would impose costs or penalties on individuals, to the extent permitted by law. But this “hardship clause” does not mean that taxpayers should NOT pay the penalty or delay filing ahead of any formal repeal law. How Individual Health Care Coverage Will be Monitored Employers have had to state the value of the health care benefits provided to each employee on their W-2 at the end of each year. Insurers (including employers who self-insure) that provide minimum essential coverage to any individual during a calendar year will also have to report certain health insurance coverage information to both the covered individual and the IRS. Thus, the IRS will ultimately be responsible for reporting an individuals and business’ non-compliance with purchasing health insurance. Obamacare/Affordable Care Act Tax Forms A number of tax payers will have more complicated tax returns this year with the need to account for health insurance coverage as part of the individual mandate of the new Affordable health care laws. Taxpayers who get their health insurance through their employer or government sponsored programs like Medicare or Medicaid, which will be the majority, will be able to prove their compliance via their tax filing by check a box on their normal tax (1040 series) return validating they had insurance. But those who bought insurance on the health insurance exchanges with the help of federal subsidies (see below for income qualification levels) will receive a form 1095-A detailed their coverage and have to reconcile their payments with their income level. HealthCare.gov, the federal exchange that serves 37 states, started to mail out 1095-A forms to customers said all forms should be mailed out by the end of January. This end of month deadline is also the same for state-run exchanges Those who failed to report raises or bonuses to their respective health exchanges may have to pay back some amount of subsidy for purchasing health insurance via these exchanges. This may require them to complete additional forms (Form 8965 or 8962) to claim exemptions and determine the allowed premium tax credit. Checking if you have the minimum essential coverage to meet the individual mandate The IRS has provided details on what constitutes coverage under the new health care laws. If you meet this coverage you won’t face penalties. There are also certain allowed exemptions from the individual mandate that include items like Being uninsured for less than 3 months of the year The lowest-priced coverage available to you would cost more than 8% of your household income You don’t have to file a tax return because your income is too low You’re a member of a recognized religious sect with religious objections to insurance, including Social Security and Medicare You’re incarcerated (either detained or jailed), and not being held pending disposition of charges You’re not lawfully present in the U.S. (illegal immigrants) You qualify for a hardship exemption (homeless, evicted in the past 6 months, received a shut-off notice from a utility company etc) But you will need to show evidence for these in your tax return (Form 8965) with your tax return. when claiming the exemption and the IRS will be checking these quite thoroughly. US citizens or residents who reside overseas and meet the IRS foreign residency criteria (generally 330 full days outside of the U.S. during a 12-month period) can also claim exemption from the individual mandate penalty via Form 8965. If living overseas for a partial period of time that does not qualify you as a foreign resident for tax purposes coverage provided by your local employer (under an expatriate health plan) can count as qualified health coverage that precludes them from the penalty. One exemption that may be particularly relevant to U.S. citizens living abroad for a small part of a year is the exemption for a short coverage gap. This exemption provides that no shared responsibility payment will be due for a once-per-year gap in coverage that lasts less than three months. ObamaCare Premium Tax Credit Subsidy and Federal Poverty Levels (FPL) Lower income Americans that purchase health insurance under the Affordable Care Act may also be eligible for a premium tax credit or subsidy. This is paid in the form of a tax credit (in advance or when filing your tax return) and is based on household size and income relative to the federal poverty levels (FPL). To qualify for the premium tax credit the household modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) has to be between 100% and 400% of the FPL. This is shown in the table below for different household sizes. The actual amount of the tax credit will vary based income and household size, but can only be claimed if you purchase health insurance through a healthcare marketplace or exchange. # Persons in Household 2015 - 100% FPL income threshold 2015 - 400% FPL income threshold 2016 - 100% FPL income threshold 2016 - 400% FPL income threshold 1 $11,770 $47,080 $11,880 $47,520 2 $15,930 $63,720 $16,020 $64,080 3 $20,090 $80,360 $20,160 $80,640 4 $24,250 $97,000 $24,300 $97,200 5 $28,410 $113,640 $28,440 $113,760 6 $32,570 $130,280 $32,580 $130,320 7 $36,730 $146,920 $36,730 $146,920 8 40,890 $163,560 40,890 $163,560 9+ add $4,160 for each additional person. add $16,640 for each additional person. add $4,160 for each additional person add $16,640 for each additional person Note: FPLs are higher in Alaska and Hawaii than in the mainland 48 states. The above limits increase with inflation every year. Eligibility for the subsidy/tax credit is based on income limits for the prior year (e.g your 2017 subsidy is based on your 2016 income levels). Share this: Facebook Twitter Email Related Subscribe via email or follow us on Facebook, Twitter or YouTube to get the latest news and updates 558 thoughts on “No 2019 and 2020 Tax Penalty For Not Having Health Insurance Under ObamaCare” Comment navigation ← Older Comments Newer Comments → Cindy Jan 17, 2018 at 8:44 AM Health insurance should be left to individuals to decide if they need it. I tried to get it thru market place for months to finally find someone to tell me i dont qualify ! Wow what help! cant even get Medicaid! I elect exempt and take my chances. I am healthy and Dr. bills are CHEAPER!! Reply michael HOOPER Apr 4, 2019 at 8:07 PM If you let individuals decide if they need insurance is folly. How could you know if you need it or not. A car accident or terminal illness or other events can strike at any time. You could have over a million dollars in hospital bills. You decided you “didn’t need” health insurance. So I guess society is supposed to let you die based on your false assumption? No, of course not, the taxpayers pick up your tab. Is having to purchase it a heavier burden on the poor than the wealthy. Of course it is. Just like everything else. Reply Sabrina Dec 28, 2017 at 5:14 PM I’m so disappointed that I’ll have to wait 2 years before I get relief from this tax penalty. My household income is around $30,000 per year, and they think I should be able to pay $1000 per month with a $6000 deductible for health insurance that I can’t afford to use because the deductible is high too. They use gross income, not my income that they already taxed to death. It ridiculous. I absolutely cannot afford it. I’ll end up bankrupt. Forget my house payment and car insurance. Forget having electricity and heat…..let’s give it all to unaffordablecare! Reply Jennifer Kendall Dec 30, 2017 at 8:10 AM I agree. Reply Angela Spikes Jan 17, 2018 at 1:08 PM I agree completely. Ridiculous. My employer wants $1200 twice a month to cover my family of 4.. no one can afford that. So I looked into ACA and was told just for my husband, it would cost me $250 a month.. again, there’s 4 of us. Please tell me how I can afford this!??!? Reply Lisa May 22, 2018 at 11:06 AM I agree. We’re not considered “low income” but we also cannot afford the high cost of insurance. Why aren’t the bozos in Washington doing something about the insurance companies who have significantly raised rates and deductibles since the onset of Obamacare? We’re looking at over $200 per week premiums (1/3 of our income) and $10,000 deductibles. The year prior to Obama care, it was $50 per week for far better coverage and only $500 deductible. Where’s the affordability? Reply Rogelio Escobedo Jun 12, 2018 at 2:06 AM IN MY OPINION: WHAT IS A JOKE IS “TRUMPCARE”-YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO QUALIFY FOR MEDICAID BASED ON YOU ZERO INCOME. —THE REPUBLICAN DOMINATED CONGRESS NEVER DID DO ANYTHING TO FIX THE FAULTS OF OBAMACARE. —THE REPUBLICANS SHOULD HAVE PUMPED MORE MONEY INTO MEDICAID AND IN ORDER TO PAY FOR THE HEALTH NEEDS OF THE LOW INCOME PERSONS.—INSTEAD-THEY GAVE BILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN “WELFARE TAX CUTS” TO T HE RICH! —SEMPER FI! Reply Browning` Dec 28, 2017 at 8:58 AM I have been disabled with NO income for 3 years because of a diabetic ulcer on the bottom of my foot. I am 59 years old. Do not qualify for medicaid, have tried to obtain insurance with Obamacare. I live in Texas, so even if I did have medicaid, I cannot afford Obamacare. I was quoted a monthly premium, based on my income (which is ZERO) of $465.00 with a huge deductible of about $7000. Obama care is NOT affordable, not for guys like me. If it weren’t for family I wouldn’t even have a place to live, I’d be on the street to fend for myself and NO care for my foot. Obamacare is a joke and is not for everyone. Supposed to help people like me and I am positive I am not alone in this. Fake News? says he put that oher guys income and age with a standard deduction into the health plan finder calculator and says this guy qualifies for FREE insurance? I have not been able to locate this particular feature. Reply Sara Apr 12, 2018 at 2:24 PM You need to get onto SSDI. It’s a slow process that takes about two years, but you should be able to get it at age 59, as it becomes much easier to qualify at age 55. You’ll need an attorney to win, but it should be doable. Once you get Social Security disability, it will come with Medicare or Medicaid, depending on how you qualify. Reply Sterling Dec 23, 2017 at 2:22 AM Why I’m I getting CONFLICTING REPORTS a health care insurance expert clearly stated on NPR that their would be a penalty for 2018. That the REPEEL of the INDIVIDUAL MANDATE takes effect in 2019. That is not what this website states and every other newscast skips over the facts to start spewing political b.s. My county has Kaiser Permanente now so at $1951 yr it’s finally affordable. I still have time here in California Reply Andy Dec 23, 2017 at 2:48 AM You are correct and the repeal of the individual mandate is in fact from 2019 onwards. I had stated 2018 incorrectly as was making live updates as details were coming out. I have updated article and thank you for letting me know. Reply anthony Dec 22, 2017 at 8:58 AM Fining Americans for not paying into the ACA or anything like it, is ridiculous and lining the pockets of the already rich. More Americans need to wake up and realize that this is a rip off, and not helping many of us. For me, it cost over $500 a most for insurance that I can’t use because of a deductible of over $3000. I’m healthy and see my doctor once a year, and have blood work done once a year. This all costs under $300. That’s under $300 a year compared to over $500 a month for insurance that can’t be used. And if you get help with paying your monthly premium, you don’t receive a federal refund. Many doctors don’t agree with fines and ACA policies. You end up paying them less because you’re taking money to pay for your premium and then paying them. A LOT of doctors offices now will put you on a monthly payment plan for services rendered, and paying them directly benefits both parties. You save thousands, and your doctor gets paid. Yes, I understand there are those who are terminally ill and so on, and need insurance. For the rest of us, we should have a choice without being fined and/or singled out. I may not be a Trump fan, but I do agree with him 110% in abolishing the ACA. Reply Lisa May 22, 2018 at 11:07 AM I consider it nothing less than extortion. Reply nlocker Dec 3, 2017 at 9:47 AM The tax bill passed by the Senate yesterday includes a provision to repeal the Obamacare tax penalty. YES!! Can’t wait for the House and Senate to reconcile their differing versions and for the bill to be signed into law. They’re hoping it will be done by Christmas. Fingers crossed that it all goes smoothly and quickly. It’s about time for that unconstitutional fine to go away! Especially since the marketplace health plans are anything but affordable. Reply Mary Kay Dec 19, 2017 at 12:44 AM So true! The OUTRAGEOUS Healthcare Premiums & Deductibles offered to individual Middle Taxpayers are totally UNACCEPTABLE!!! Reply michael HOOPER Apr 4, 2019 at 8:16 PM The Supreme Court ruled the fine is constitutional because it is considered a tax. You don’t think Trump eliminated the fine because he’s Mr. Nice Guy. He did it to gut the a.c.a. and stop subsidies and kick 40 million poor off the rolls so he and his cronies can get richer. Reply Tristano Caracciolo Nov 15, 2017 at 10:39 PM Obama was right about only one thing. He did redistribute our wealth ! Unfortunately it all went into the pockets of the insurance companies. What a total disaster ! Reply anthony Dec 22, 2017 at 9:08 AM This was the plan from the beginning… Americans started doing better, so we’re now forced to pay for something we can’t use, which in turn lines the pockets of the already wealthy. Insurance companies sit back and collect a monthly premium, and don’t have to spend a dime on the policies they’ve sold to us. It’s ingenious! Now people are catching on, but only after companies and made tens of millions by doing nothing. The government literally legalized a way to sell a product without actually having to provide the product after purchase, so no laws were broken there. Accept for the fine when taxes roll around, but then again, the government can get away with anything if they says it’s a matter of national security. Reply Stacey Nov 9, 2017 at 3:39 PM I will have a 4 month gap between when I go off my old employer healthcare and onto my new employer healthcare. What would the penalty be (more or less) for a 4 month gap in coverage if I chose not to insure during that period? Reply lina Feb 24, 2018 at 8:03 PM According to the article above 2018 $695 or 2.5% of income $2,085 or 2.5% of income $13,100 or 4/12 of $695 or 2.5% of your income , whichever is higher. Reply Buttercup Oct 29, 2017 at 2:16 PM Anything that’s being subsidized will become priced out of reach for most people and necessitate more subsidies. It’s not just healthcare. I was making arrangements to go back to school this fall and had paid up my tuition. I go to the bookstore and see that – since 2009 (when I was last there) the prices have TRIPLED. And the “textbooks” I was looking at were mostly not even books. You used to be able to go buy a real book for between $60 and $100 just a short time ago. Now it’s $200 to $300 to buy a book that’s just loose pages, hole-punched and wrapped in plastic. And they don’t sell used most of them because you need a one-time CD that comes with the book to access the course (thought paying for tuition was paying for access to the course…). Why is it like that? Because high schools have been funneling these kids directly into this college and they all get book lines of credit. So why not jack up the prices? I have a mind to just look out for myself and contribute nothing to society. Bleed some other suckers out. Goes for healthcare too. My appendix bursts or I break an arm or something, just let me take my chances. My life ain’t worth what you’re charging. Reply Bertha Dec 3, 2017 at 1:38 PM I agree with you, Buttercup. For much of my life I skipped medical coverage. It should be our choice, not the government’s. Reply foreveraj Oct 27, 2017 at 2:13 PM My family quote for 4 is $1700 for a silver plan with a $6k deductible. Who is the world thinks this is affordable? Both Democrats and Republicans has screwed all the citizens. We should create a third party and get rid of all this politicians and start over. Never vote for any incumbents. Reply cris Nov 28, 2017 at 11:26 AM “Both Democrats and Republicans has screwed all the citizens” Pay attention…not one Republican voted for Obamacare..ZERO! Reply Robert Oct 24, 2017 at 3:27 PM I own two house and pay 1300 a mont for bot of them. Family insurance is between 1000 and 1940 a month. More then two house payments a month Reply Helmholtz Watson Sep 26, 2017 at 5:21 PM It’s just a big, and disgusting SCAM. The Republicans NEVER had ANY INTENTION of getting rid of the ACA! $380/month for Bronze level ‘coverage’, with a $7000 deductible. SCUM BAGS! It’s better to pay the SICK FINE! What an EVIL system! How about doctors/hospitals etc. charging MUCH LESS? Greedy b……s! Reply Judy Chaffin Nov 7, 2017 at 9:32 AM I do not think it’s the Republicans, it’s those who signed the Affordable Care Act and are receiving concessions collected by the IRS thru the premiums we pay. The ACA was written i n 2010, it will be completely implementated in 2020, at which time, those congressmen and Senators will receive all the concessions they were given to sign Obama’s ACA bill. After 2020, it’s inplementstion is complete so i feel tHe current admiistration has been blocked in order for the greedy politicians to keep collecting our tax dollars. Remember the Supreme court found the mandate to have to have to purchase health insurance to be a TAX not an insurance premium Judy Chaffin Reply Sherea Sep 13, 2017 at 6:18 AM I love that everyone is speaking up about these very real issues – especially now that silent good hard working people are finally speaking up. Reply tobroketopay Aug 28, 2017 at 6:49 PM We were cancelled for a missed payment of $1700, a month for 3 people. We are barely able to pay bills and the insurance just is icing on the cake…. those of you who are wealthy , pray you are never in this position where you can’t afford health care as it is expensive… Reply mfern Oct 9, 2017 at 11:50 AM Why would you pay 1700/m for healthcare? It would be cheaper to just pay for the penalty and self pay for any doctor visits, ER visits, meds, etc. Do you really think your health costs for the year cost you 20,400? Plus I’m sure for 1700 you still had a deductible and copays. Healthcare coverage is out of control – your basically paying as a gamble if your going to get sick or injured. But if you REALLY got sick like cancer/stroke or injured and could not work then probably then the state would kick in… remember the state who you pay to ever paycheck. Your entitled if you need it. So why not just drop the insurance and just save the money to pay your bills – put a little aside every month “just in case” you need it for a doctor visit/shots/ER visit/Meds etc. The money you’ll be saving is a relief and you’ll see how you really don’t NEED the coverage you have been conditioned to think you need. Reply Vato Aug 3, 2017 at 8:25 AM My comment to the dumb ass doctor. This is the free world don’t you forget it. And we all know what happens when a single-payer takes over and if you don’t know it means if you come down with the disease it’s up to that single-payer whether or not you get the treatment and if you try to raise your own money they won’t accept it because it’s single-payer meaning one person the government we seen this case time and time again and just recently the stupid Muslim care was designed to bankrupt are insurance companies so we go into a single-payer program but before we do the insurance companies rape us for every dollar we have never should the government be able to force the private sector to buy something from another private sector Reply Stephanie Jul 1, 2017 at 1:45 PM Thank you to everyone who commented on this article. Being surrounded by people who have their health insurance premiums paid for them, I have felt like I was alone in my struggles to pay my health insurance and my anger for being forced to do so. Reading this article and your comments has made me feel like I’m actually not alone. So, again, thank you. Reply Richard May 4, 2017 at 6:16 PM FINALLY, the Sky was back to Freedom. No more penalty without healthcare. I love Trump so so much. ^^ enjoy your freedom life. It’s a beautiful day. Reply Fake News? Nov 6, 2017 at 6:55 PM Nope, Trump made us continue to pay the penalty for not having insurance, and did nothing to improve coverage or health insurance. In fact, now my coverage is worse thanks to his ham handed stab at trying to not pay part of the subsidy, but keeping the rules in place. Trump is now moving on to making middle class people pay more taxes. He’s really just out to make his own family and other rich people’s income higher, you can see by his actions now. Reply Truth Dec 10, 2017 at 6:26 PM Whats you just said is totally a lie dude all of it. Reply deez Apr 25, 2017 at 8:17 PM me and wife filled jointly, my income was 20k. her was $94k. she has insurance through her company and I don’t. I had to pay $2,300 penalty because our income was jointed. Does anyone know if this is right. I don’t get how I have to pay over $2k penalty and my income was $20k Reply Greg May 15, 2017 at 2:02 PM It depends on your filing status, since you filed jointly, your wife’s income is grouped with yours. If you filed separately, then you might have been able to avoid the penalty, but it depends on other factors as well. So you are paying the penalty since your household income was high and you had no insurance. Reply anthony Dec 22, 2017 at 9:20 AM Greg is right about filing status. To those of you who don’t know… If you’re facing fines, file separately!! When filing separately, they can not join your income. There are married couples all over the US who file separately for different reasons, but this reason seems to top the charts. The more income you show, the bigger the fine. Last I knew, fines for families were significantly higher than those filing a return as single or separate from their spouse. The fine isn’t just a set amount, it’s also based on a percentage of your income, which means larger fines. Reply Gloria Gibbons Apr 22, 2017 at 12:07 AM Yes every one pays a fine. IRS got me for $900.00 for 2016 taxes, because of the Healthcare Market place. They do not know what they are doing. Plus President Trump has signed an order for them not to be so strict. But guess what that isn’t phasing the IRS none. Due to what the Healthcare Market place says (their 1095A form) the IRS is collecting every penny that can get out of us working people. It’s all a scam; the insurance isnt worth a dam, that O shitcare insurance should be shoved up that muslim ex want to be thing those pansy ass democrats called a president. And take those sorry stupid no good for nothing insurance companies and ram up behind the liberal democrats so Obama will be full of it a little longer. All the working people are doing is paying for those lazy no good for nothing non working conformists. No help for the backbone working people of supposedly a free country. Reply Harriet McKee Aug 29, 2017 at 11:56 PM Wow! Anger issues. I think you need to check a few facts like the one stating that Mr. Obama is a muslim. Not that there’s anything wrong with that, but he is, in fact, a Christian. Reply Duddly42 Feb 7, 2018 at 11:55 AM Funny one ahole, he is NOT Christian tardo Reply tom james Oct 24, 2017 at 3:44 PM The typical American’s health insurance premiums are increasing 20% per year, or more. Probably a pure coincidence that the profits of Insurance Companies and Hospitals are increasing at 20% per year, or more. Reply Fake News? Nov 6, 2017 at 7:02 PM You are right about how bad Obamacare has been for the middle class. But harping on the false claim Obama was a muslim just makes people take the rest of what you say as a lie too. Please dont, you just muddy the waters and invalidate your true claims when you include an outright lie. Also, Trump did nothing to alleviate the penalty, now we have to pay the penalty AND get worse care. Thanks Trump! Now, watch what he’s doing with taxes: you and I middle class people will pay more again. Reply Bill Apr 11, 2017 at 4:48 PM Government forcing Americans to make insurance companies profitable. Whether or not I have insurance for my body is none of the government’s business. Those who lobby for insurance companies most certainly had this law shoved down our throats. The government does not own us, and certainly neither do insurance companies. The basic fundamentals of freedom and liberty has been gutted due to the ACA. What is next ? The government forcing us to buy a certain model car ? I am surprised that Americans have complied to this corrupt law. We are being extorted under the “law” simply for being alive. Your flesh , under this law , is claimed by the government and insurance companies. This is very disturbing. Reply Greg May 15, 2017 at 1:58 PM Do you understand the point of what Obama was trying to do? He was trying to have every person to be covered by health insurance to avoid people being rejected by health facilities for not having insurance and to avoid people having high health bills. First of all, healthcare should be free to everyone, no one should have to pay to be healthy. But America is run on greed. My girlfriend had a month lapse in health insurance for one month when she switched employers, and unfortunately had a health issue during that month. Her bill was over 40k when it was all said and done. She can’t afford a bill like that, she would be paying for almost her entire life to pay it off. With health insurance, these bills wouldn’t exist. Your argument can be said for car insurance, every person needs car insurance to drive, but why are you not complaining about that? Instead of being mad at Obama, maybe you should take your frustrations out with the healthcare system that over prices every aspect. Reply Fred Jun 3, 2017 at 2:55 PM The health care system was fine until Obama got his filthy hands on it. Reply WT Jun 7, 2017 at 10:52 AM I will take a shot at explaining to you why Americans are tired of this. I am tired of paying for everyone else to get things for free when I have to pay for mine. But wait, my money just went to pay for someone else’s! Healthcare should not be free. Just as nothing else should either. You want to be healthy? Then be healthy. Eat healthy, exercise, etc… Some things are beyond your control, I understand that. And for that, it should be your choice to have insurance or not. Your choice to take that chance to die. If you don’t buy insurance, then you take the chance of dying. Period. Free healthcare in other countries is not as great as what some think. Go live in those countries if you want it to be free. I’ll choose to live in the greatest country there is. But my money should pay for my things….not other people’s things. Reply AC Jul 3, 2017 at 2:19 AM There are many people who aren’t blessed with good health right from their birth. THEY DIDN’T CHOOSE IT, AS YOU DIDN’T CHOOSE YOUR GOOD HEALTH. For those born with bad health, their closest family relatives also suffer, without access to free or affordable healthcare for them. Health effects everything else, ability to work, to play, to pursuit happiness. “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” is a well-known phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the “unalienable rights” which the Declaration says have been given to all human beings by their Creator, and which governments are created to protect. “Some things are beyond your control, I understand that.” Do you really? Leeroy Jul 7, 2017 at 1:54 PM Comparing health care with car insurance is a joke. Driving a car is a privilege not a right. If you have health issues or dealt a bad hand that does not mean everyone else should have to pay for it. Life is hard. Suck it up buttercups. BTW New Hampshire used to not require insurance. And you can buy your auto insurance from many different places around the globe. Cant do that with health care. Obama screwed it all up. Screwed up many business’s. But thats ok because he was the Great One. Reply Fake News? Nov 6, 2017 at 7:22 PM He might have been trying to help the situation, but he really screwed up healthcare for people who are middle class and/or have a small business. We have to pay massive premiums for awful coverage now or take a penalty and still have no health insurance! The coverage I used to be able to get covered more, cost less, and had either a $5k or a $10k deductible being called “catastrophic”. They took the label “catastrophic” off, packaged worse coverage for higher cost, and put deductibles at $7k, that sure fixed absolutely nothing. Last year it was about $700/mo for $7,000 deductible insurance, with a 40% co-insurance for most services afterwards! SO, you think you wouldn’t have bills? Lets apply the 40k you said above here: $7k deductible, then 40% of $33,000 = $13,200. (its much more complicated than this and there are many additional fees not covered etc, but giving you the lowest possible amount). So, $20,200 instead of $40k…sounds good till you realize you also paid $8,400 that year, so $28,600 would have been the bill in an ideal world. IF you ignore all the other fees including copays, co insurance, non coverables, prescription copays, doctor visits not in network (even in the same hospital they get snuck in) etc, which easily would increase it to over $30,000. So maybe you pay 75%, not free coverage like you say. Next, average that on the years without $40k health insurance bills (probably every other year in your life so far on average) and instantly you can see how the worse coverage of Obamacare takes its toll even here… Now, Trump pretended to do something about it, but instead kept the fines, and worsened coverage with his games of taking funding away and its even worse… Next he’s off to tax the middle class more so he can have another golden toilet with his tax savings…we need to get rid of both the Republicans and Democrats out of health insurance or have a single payer system! Reply Bama Jun 3, 2017 at 12:17 AM Hey Bill- First off health insurance is really not profitable. If it were, I would invest in them. Second, when you show up in the ER with an illness. I have no choice but to treat you regardless of your ability to pay. Your lack of responsible health care choices are forcing a drag on society to treat your illnesses at a significant cost. Your freedom and liberty have never been able to purchase blood pressure medication. The problem is that health care as a whole is to expensive and not sustainable. We need a single payer system like the rest of the free world. Reply Vato Aug 3, 2017 at 8:31 AM This is the free world. Dumbass or at least it was until abama tried ruining it not Trump has to come in and fix it Reply Kandy Mar 13, 2017 at 10:29 AM My mom and dad filed their taxes last week and were penalized for insurance. They have to pay $1750 even though they both have insurance. My dad is on medicare and my mom has obamacare. She pays $284 a month since they couldn’t afford a higher plan and pays more for dr visits and has a higher deductible. How can she be penalized if she had insurance all of 2016? Is this right? I told them not to pay this until we can have this checked out. Can someone please let me know if this is right. They accountant told them that they would not have to pay anything had it not been for her obamacare insurance. We lost our home in the flood and they were able to claim all of that but still got hit owing a lot because of this stupid obamacare. I think she should send her bill to Mr Obama and say here you pay this. Reply Sherry Stout Apr 13, 2017 at 11:27 AM Everything depends on their filing situation, If they had the required minimum coverage all year, did they qualify for an exemption for relief from a disaster. I am a Tax associate for H&R Block in Indiana. We do perform a free second look if your parents are concerned their taxes was not completed accurately. They can call 317-530-5216 we also do approve online for out of state or out of town clients. Reply Toni Mar 7, 2017 at 7:16 PM I use HR Block to do my taxes every year. This year there is a section where you can choose not to disclose your coverage status. I want to do that, but I have 1095’s that I presume have been sent to the IRS. Will they flag my return? Reply Patricia Mar 27, 2017 at 11:24 AM Yes if you received the tax credit for your premiums, my husband e-filed through H&R Block without our’s and we received a letter from the IRS requesting the 1095a’s and form 8962. I suggest getting the form ready if you received the tax credit. Reply Emily Apr 17, 2017 at 7:22 PM I too have a 1095c showing I had health insurance half the year, but I want to choose prefer not to say on my taxes. Should I be worried about a fine for not telling them? Reply Greg May 15, 2017 at 2:06 PM It is never advisable to knowingly put false information on your return. With that being said, you normally don’t need to submit detailed information for 1095-B or 1095-C. The IRS was information for 1095-A for the reason of the premium tax credit they were receiving. Lamont Cranston Mar 7, 2017 at 4:10 PM In response to Nope, where do you live that you need to spend $24,000 of a $41,000 income on a mortgage? Can you move and reduce that? You need to do some serious belt tightening. I figured 28.5 hours times 32 weeks that you work is 912 hours, I can’t feel to sorry for you, I worked over 2500 hours and only earned about $40,000 luckily my wife earned about the same. You are living way beyond your means, fix that and start saving money. Read some MrMoneyMustache to learn how to tighten your belt and see if you can work in the summer to earn more than your unemployment pays. Re; Obamacare, when It started in 2012 I was paying $5,250 for a family of four, now I’m paying $10,500. A comparable Bronze Obamacare policy is $16,600. So much for saving me $2,500 a year. Reply David Allen Mar 2, 2017 at 3:39 PM Where are all the people who are getting such great benefits from Obama Care? Apparently not on this website. It’s a scam to get low-income people to pay for the free plans given to no-income people. Hillary made it sound like tens of millions of people would die if it were repealed. Reply Nope Mar 2, 2017 at 1:37 AM There is no way I can afford health insurance… even at the lowest Bronze plan level. I make roughly 41K a year so that is the determining factor. What they don’t take into consideration is… my monthly expenses are often more than what I make. My mortgage is $2000 a month. Utilities are $300. Insurance for car $150. Then there’s phone, internet and gas and food and… well, you know, living expenses. But here’s the deal. I teach at the college level however I am not allowed to have more than 28.5 hours a week because otherwise they’d have to insure me. So I’m affected in that way, firstly, and secondly I’m not paid for 4 months during the summer break at which time I collect unemployment (which is roughly $1600 a month) – so I don’t even make my mortgage at that time. And again for 4 weeks in December/January. Even if health insurance were as little as $150 a month, I don’t make enough to afford it 12 months a year. So… last year’s $600 fee is something I still owe. I still don’t have the money to pay it. But I just found something out. THERE ARE NO LEGAL REPERCUSSIONS IF I DON’T PAY IT OR ANY FUTURE PENALTIES!!! Sure, they could take it out of my federal refund if they choose to, but because I claim the most deductions I can possibly claim on my W2, I don’t receive a refund – I usually owe. There is nothing on the books that can force the IRS to make someone pay the penalty – but you have to look around a little to discover this. Sure, it’d be great to have health insurance. But I haven’t had it in over 25 years because I can’t afford insurance and I haven’t seen a doctor in that amount of time or longer because I can’t afford an office visit (the average for an uninsured individual is $150). I’m what they call the working poor, I guess, but I’ll be damned if I’m going to pay a penalty because I can’t afford insurance. Hell, I can’t afford the penalty! LOL Reply Greg May 15, 2017 at 2:30 PM I’m not sure where you found out this information, but if you owe the IRS money, they might not come for it at first, but they will come for it eventually. They will send you a letter and add interest and more penalties, including liens and levies. If you owe them anything, it’s best to pay it, even if you need to go on an installment plan. I work in an accounting office, and I have seen some clients that are in terrible situations for not paying their taxes. Reply Nope Jun 15, 2017 at 10:19 AM It’s pretty cut and dry if you had taken the time to research it, Greg. https://www.healthcare.gov/fees/fee-for-not-being-covered/ Q: What happens if I don’t pay the fee? A: The IRS will hold back the amount of the fee from any future tax refunds. There are no liens, levies, or criminal penalties for failing to pay the fee. If that isn’t enough, then you can read the same information here: https://www.aol.com/article/2015/06/25/can-you-really-ignore-obamacare-penalty/21200541/ I haven’t had a federal refund in quite a few years and don’t anticipate having one in the near future. Therefore, they can only collect this money if I’m due a refund – but cannot levy a lien or affect my credit or seize my property. By the time the repeals are made on the current plan, which is the Republican’s aim, then it will become a moot point and past amounts due will (ideally) be negated. Obamacare has caused me to be underemployed and, as a result, I cannot afford to pay for health insurance that my employer cannot afford to pay for me. If I can’t pay for insurance I shouldn’t be penalized. There is a reason they built into the mandate that no liens or attachments can be imposed. Because it’s WRONG to demand something of a citizen that he isn’t able to – or may even choose NOT to – pay for. Where is the money supposed to come from at the end of the year if during the year he doesn’t have it? Take out a loan to pay for it? And your analogy about car insurance is flawed. If you can’t afford insurance for a car, then you can simply not own one and not drive. You can’t stop living day to day because you can’t afford health insurance. There IS a recourse for those who don’t pay. It’s clearly stated in these and several other official healthcare and IRS sites. Reply Fake News? Nov 6, 2017 at 7:38 PM Thats really great news if true. I hope it still stands? Trump pretended to do something, but let the penalty stand, and now that he’s moved on to getting himself a bigger tax break and making us middle class people pay more taxes, I doubt he’ll ever get rid of it. Yup Oct 17, 2017 at 2:26 PM I’m in the same boat. I almost had a heart attack when I read what the 2018 premiums will be. Almost $500 for Bronze (individual) making around 38K in NY. This is the first year I can’t afford insurance in a long time. I HATE that they call it Affordable Care Act. It is FAR from affordable. We are the working poor. Reply Buttercup Oct 29, 2017 at 2:03 PM Wow. I have to work 7 days a week if I want to crack $25k, and you make $41k and collect unemployment a third of the year. You’re working poor? I’m not working poor! Why don’t you find cheaper living arrangements and enjoy your four month vacation every year? Where do you live? San Francisco? Reply Shanna Feb 27, 2017 at 6:44 PM My husband has medicare and I have no insurance. I work part time & we can’t afford $800 a month for me to have insurance. Should our penalty be the full amount? What if we file our taxes separately? Reply Nope Mar 2, 2017 at 1:39 AM If you don’t pay the fee there is nothing that the IRS can do to you… it is not punishable. They can, if they choose – but don’t necessarily always – deduct it from your refund (if you have one coming to you) but the laws are set up so they cannot collect that fee from you if you don’t voluntarily pay it. Reply Kimberly Feb 25, 2017 at 4:43 AM The IRS sent me a letter stating that I owe the $695 penalty for not having health insurance; however, I DO have health insurance (Medicaid) and was covered since 2015. Why would they tell me I am being penalized when I’ve had insurance this entire time? All of 2016 was covered by my Medicaid, and I even used my insurance at the doctor’s office. This makes no sense. Now, after doing my taxes, I feel they are withholding my tax return. Reply Toni Mar 7, 2017 at 7:10 PM Did you get a 1095 B form from Medicaid? That’s proof of coverage and the IRS gets a copy too. Sort of like W2 forms. Reply corrina Feb 23, 2017 at 12:15 AM My medical has been pending since june 2016 will i be penalized? Reply john Feb 20, 2017 at 7:52 AM This is indeed a socialism government under the Obama to force citizens to pay the government and to take over a private industry. Why force poor people to pay money that they do not have. I think that any government should not be able to tell nor force anyone to go to a certain church, marry a certain person or culture or for someone to go to a certain health care provider, doctor and to have any insurance. This is a form of communism,. To be penalized for being poor is not only unconstitutional but violates the fabric of society in America. All of this money should be paid back to all of the Americans and Green Card Holders ( Legal Immigrants )… I am a american citizen born here in 1954. Where is the compassion for the old, poor, widows and children. I do not think that Mr Obama has read the Bible nor understands about the true meaning of Godly Love. This country was built on christian values and principles. Why deny the rights of the people. I am poor, a senior citizen and i have a bone marrow disease. I can not afford health insurance. I was told 4 years ago that i can die at anytime to have a stroke and i have visited for many months on the cancer ward floor of the hospital. The Oncologist want me to take the radiation pills when the other did not work. I prefer to die like a man with some honor and dignity and not die like a animal. To be poor or a victim of abuse to pay money i do not have does not bother or hurt me as much as if i could not have the freedom and choice to be close to God. No one one will take that away from me. Yes you can take money i do not have when i am in pain and sick and poor . However no one will ever be able to take away my right to be with God and for me to worship God. Reply [email protected] Feb 19, 2017 at 4:52 PM 02-19-2017 I used to pay 600 a month for healthcare. I am a single mom of three. Today I get an email from group health that said I now have to pay 1,300 a month. WHAT??? wtf? It more then doubled? Does that mean the health insurance companies are scared people will drop them? I don’t want to pay insurance at all, much less more now! Reply carl ruggs Feb 26, 2017 at 11:54 PM I’msure you would rather pay no health insurance so when you or your kids need care, I,the person with insurance, will pay for your care. And I’m sure you will go to the hospital ER, the most expensive place to get care. This is what has been going on for decades and still goes on today. Our only real hope is for a single payer health care system that we all pay for thru taxes. Should have been done years ago but I have no doubt but that is what we will eventually end up with. Let the USA join the rest of the modern world and see health care as a basic human right Reply Yinn Mar 9, 2017 at 11:50 PM Carl, did you read the first sentence of Anna23 post? she had an insurance for $600 until Obamacare made her insurance rate went up to $1300. so, why r u blaming it on her? Reply Greg May 15, 2017 at 2:12 PM Did YOU read Anna’s post? Not one place did she ever say Obamacare. In fact, in 2017 my health insurance rate went down. Cyndi Salmon Feb 18, 2017 at 5:01 PM We have health insurance through our employers. However, when a country mandates it’s citizens have this type of insurance it starts becoming a socialistic union. I’m totally against forcing health insurance on the citizens of our country. I’m hoping President Trump and the Republicans will change the penalty for not having insurance. Reply Mary Wildey Jul 25, 2017 at 8:30 PM Here, here! My husband and I have insurance through his employer. We are grateful, but the fact is that Obamacare requires hard working Americans to pay for insurance for illegal aliens and their often very large families and others who “can’t afford” insurance. I don’t believe that insurance is a RIGHT in this country. I can see the cost to low income families being lower for them but not to the extent of FORCING others to pay for it! Reply Thomas Becker Feb 11, 2017 at 1:43 PM I know I’m going to get “hit” with paying the $695 penalty. Do I simply file my 1040 with Schedule A as I normally would and have the IRS respond with a bill for that penalty amount, or, is there a place/way on the 1040 form to note that I couldn’t afford coverage for 2016? Reply Christine Mar 12, 2017 at 9:58 PM If the IRS/Obamacare rules say you can afford the coverage, depending what your income is, then you will have to pay the fine. If you meet the low income threshhold to be exempt from having to buy the crap coverage, then you wouldn’t have to pay the fine. Our, my husband and I, income came to 62K, 9K of that is unemployment…of course we don’t get to actually spend all the gross pay since tons of taxes are deducted, but nobody cares about that, they go by your gross income…so our fine comes to $1042 for not having coverage for 9 straight months last year. Our refund would only be $25 big bucks so we now OWE $1017 because of the O’Shitcare fines. I wish Trump had gotten rid of the fines for 2016. I don’t have $1017 laying around, so it will be a payment plan, yay. No idea if we don’t declare that we didn’t have coverage, that that will change the fact that we owe the fine. Some say the IRS won’t come after you for the fine but no idea if that is true since employers report to the IRS whether you had coverage or not..for each month of the year. Reply Greg May 15, 2017 at 2:15 PM Actually Christine, they take your Adjusted Gross Income, not your Gross income, and yes, there is a difference. Reply Renee Storkson Feb 1, 2017 at 1:34 PM In 2016, my husband made $30,000.00 (after they reduced his salary after working there 30 years) I, his wife, was unemployed all of 2016. The coverage offered from his work was 900 to 1,000 per month. Everything in the marketplace for us was around 1,000 a month. We only make $30,000 a year! I thought if it was more than 8% you wouldn’t have to pay fine. Reply Catherine Feb 1, 2017 at 9:45 PM I did my taxes through TurboTax and that should be correct. You have the option to state that healthcare was unaffordable. Reply Freedom1 Nov 27, 2017 at 12:55 PM You have the option to apply for a waiver from the Healthcare.gov website, but it takes up to 6 months to get the answer of if they approve the waiver. If they don’t then you owe the money, plus the fines for filing late because you couldn’t file your taxes without the waiver they take 6 months to process. It is a black hole of death trying to get the waiver because the healthcare was not affordable. In my case, last year there were plans available, but no doctors in my area would accept any plan purchased from the Healthcare.gov website. I would have had to drive more than 4 hours to the nearest doctor that would accept the Healthcare.gov insurance. This would have required a full, unpaid, day off work, plus me paying someone to pick my son up after school, plus the gas there and back. It wasn’t worth it. I lived without insurance last year and just worked out my tax return so that I did not get a refund. The penalty only applies to refunds, if you don’t get a refund, you don’t pay the penalty. Reply Shannon Jan 29, 2017 at 3:41 AM My son only worked for a few months so he didn’t even make like 3,000 for the year. He doesn’t work now but will he have to pay a penalty Reply Ana Mar 4, 2017 at 7:58 PM You don’t have to file if you make $3000 a year. Ask around, I believe you only have to file if you make over $6000 per year. Reply carrie s Jan 28, 2017 at 10:26 PM I think the fine is against our amendment rights for excessive fines i cant afford health insurance i cant even afford to by food for my family most weeks Reply Jessie Feb 2, 2017 at 1:54 PM I agree, it’s bull crap because all Obama did was ruin this world worse than it was already ruined.. Not everyone can afford health insurance! I started my job at UPS a year ago so my insurance didn’t even kick in until Dec of 2016 so I had insurance for 1 month out the year. If we can’t afford health insurance than what makes them think we can afford a fine that is an extreme amount. Let’s just take the little bit of money that people do get, but peeps that actually have money get help! Reply Kyosti Pajari Jan 26, 2017 at 3:38 AM After losing my job with SoCalGas Co (and 50+% of my ability to earn a living) because an illness caused by my job, I ended in a situationwhere I could not afford a place to live or health care in Southern California,I had to seek refuge in my native Finland. There I was entitled to medical care. My status as a permanent resident alien (green card since 1975) limited my stay there to less than year at a time. Now I am charged penalty for not having health insurance. Reply Ray S Jan 25, 2017 at 11:26 PM I also cannot afford the 700.00 plus a month to have horrible coverage! It is insane to penalize for that. We all knew this would be a disaster. Comrade Obama Is/was nothing but a crook! Reply Judy L Jan 25, 2017 at 1:25 PM Hello to all. I have worked all my life and in order to ‘buy’ ObamaCare, it would have cost me 702.00 a month for this and I could not afford it. Now in 2017 I have had ins. since 9-01-16. Does this mean I have to pay a penalty on something that I could not afford to buy in the first place? Is this really fair? Do you think the President will change the tax laws and would it do me any good to wait awhile because I can not afford to pay 600.00 for the penalty. Reply Richard Praser Jan 24, 2017 at 10:48 PM You are definitely RIGHT. I just paid for insurance named Molina. It is one of health insurance from Obama-Scare ( with me, it never and ever care peoples). When I went to Dr (first location), he said He can not accept this insurance. Then I need to call them and they changed. After I did fully check up, and when I bought that Molina, it say free o Reply tho Jan 24, 2017 at 7:28 PM I apply the Marketplace Health insurance for my spouse but they didn’t offer coz my employer offer for that. but if i took insurance from employer ( as a state employee ) that charge me 600/ month. So, If i don’t take any for wife who will be panelize . What the hell policy. Note/ she never meet doctor coz good health Reply Marilyn buduan Jan 22, 2017 at 11:50 PM That’s why I don’t have no health insurance because I can’t afford it. Government penalize us that ridiculous..people who don’t work can get a government help but people who work hard cannot get help what a twisted policy…having a job could be a prequalifications to get approved a government health insurance.. no job no help Reply Teresa wood Jan 24, 2017 at 10:32 AM That doesn’t make any sense for you to say no job, no help. There are also people that are sickly that can’t work and need aid or are on disability. Do you really think those people shouldn’t get the help they need? They shouldn’t all be put into the same category as a lazy able bodied person that just doesn’t want to work. I am pretty sure those people won’t qualify for any help anyway unless they can prove there is some reason they can’t work. In the first place, a penalty for no health ins. is the most rediculous thing the American people should ever be subjected to. Just another way for our government to line their pockets and steal from us. Obama care is a joke within it’s self! Reply Jessie Feb 2, 2017 at 2:01 PM YEa I agree, these women go n have all these kids knowing they don’t have a job or any money to afford a bunch of kids but they get more help then anyone. The peeps that actually work for a living, not wanting to b on welfare or so can’t get any kind of help.. SMH, don’t make no sense cause peeps that don’t wanna work or do anything but live on welfare should b penalized! Reply Dpartridge Jan 22, 2017 at 9:32 PM Any chance trump might drop the penalty for 2017 taxes? Or at least refund it to us in July 2017? Reply Andy (Author) Jan 23, 2017 at 2:05 PM Always a chance. In his proposed tax changes for 2017, https://savingtoinvest.com/trump-tax-plan-cuts-and-changes-in-2017-2018-and-beyond/ , there is an aim to do this. But will require House Republican support to repeal Obamacare and permanently drop the individual mandate penalty. Reply MIkey owens Jan 22, 2017 at 4:13 PM Being fined for not having medical insurance could be understandable if my fine was vested in some sort of medical coverage for me but it’s not. So I don’t no how this is anything less than extortion. I work my ass off just to get fined so all the bums can have health insurance,do you see what’s wrong with this picture. Reply Geoff Peterson Jan 21, 2017 at 11:03 AM My girlfriend did not have insurance for exactly 3 months. Will she have to pay a penalty? Reply Peceli Tuinakauvadra Jan 19, 2017 at 9:30 AM Ok,I’m a US citizen my wife just got her Greencard in November of 2016. She’s got denied Medicaid because she didn’t have a social security number that year, couldn’t put her on my insurance plan because she didn’t have a ssn. We had to wait a whole year(2015-2016) after I paid all the fees for her Greencard. We went to file our taxes,come to find out we’re being penalized for her not having health insurance When she didn’t even qualify for health insurance, because she didn’t have a social security number. How is this possible???.. First they turn her down because she’s illegal, as soon as she gets her green card. They tell us we have to pay a penalty for not having health insurance in 2016. Reply Perry Feb 19, 2017 at 12:10 PM I would think since she was not a legal citizen until November, when she got her greencard that would qualify as a life change and you should have been able to get insurance for her then. Since the time she became legal, if she did not have insurance they can charge a prorated penalty if you did not get her insurance for the rest of the year, but I also think there is a 3 month grace period, so in effect, you should be able to file an exemption and not have to pay the penalty. I would check with a tax expert… Reply Christina V Diaz Jan 11, 2017 at 6:24 PM 2016 we’ve paid or insurance. 2017 my husband’s income went down and we applied for Medicaid. He has a restricted medicaid and i have a 400 mthly deductible. Is this qualified as having insurance for next year’s taxes without being penalized? Reply Angie Feb 4, 2017 at 12:22 PM Yes, it is a qualification, you are exempt. My son is on disability Medicaid and he is also exempt. Reply David Jan 6, 2017 at 11:19 AM I believe if you are a veteran (I.e. You have access to VA if you need it) you are “covered” as far as tax filing, correct? Reply Andy (Author) Jan 6, 2017 at 1:42 PM Yes…see graphic in post. If you are covered by VA health programs you are exempt from penalty. Reply natty Jan 28, 2017 at 11:00 PM my son is a veteran. due to a job change & not being offered insurance on his hire date he went without insurance for three months (had to wait for his first 90 days to be up at his new job). he was fined $800 when he filed his 2015 taxes last spring. when you only make $10/hr and the only household income, there should NOT be such fines! Reply angie Feb 4, 2017 at 12:24 PM He should have VA benefits. If he has that he is exempt. Reply Lambert Dec 28, 2016 at 3:10 PM My son and I have insurance but my husband did not qualify through the state so he hasnt had any since May, how much would he be penalized? Reply Anitaka Dec 21, 2016 at 9:39 AM Someone please inform me when the IRS releases the updated tax penalty amount for filing in 2017. Reply Andy (Author) Dec 22, 2016 at 1:54 AM Per health care.gov site, the 2017 fees are the same as 2016. The fee is calculated 2 different ways – as a percentage of your household income, and per person. You’ll pay whichever is higher. See the table in the post for details. Reply natty Jan 28, 2017 at 11:02 PM that’s blatant extortion! completely unethical. praying president trump will stop these fines/taxes. Reply Diane Dec 15, 2016 at 11:26 PM I read somewhere that if you only had insurance for 3 months out of the whole year that you would not owe any penalty. Is that true? Reply Anitaka Dec 21, 2016 at 9:36 AM I was under the impression that if you are without insurance for more than three consecutive months then you have to pay a penalty. Reply Andy (Author) Dec 22, 2016 at 1:56 AM Not true. The penalty is proportionate to the number of months you are not covered. The 3 month short coverage gap exemption provides that no shared responsibility payment will be due for a once-per-year gap in coverage that lasts less than three months. But this is mainly for US citizens residing abroad and meet IRS residency criteria Reply Perry Feb 19, 2017 at 12:14 PM That 3 month coverage gap doesn’t cover those that have lost their job and coverage and are looking for work? Seems unfair… There are a lot of people that have lost their jobs and coverage, me included… I’m screwed… Reply Comment navigation ← Older Comments Newer Comments → Leave a Reply to WT Cancel reply Comment Name Email Website Notify me of follow-up comments by email. 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0.99952	Federal Unemployment Benefit Extensions For Expired PUA, PEUC and Extra $300 (FPUC) Programs – News and Updates on Missing and Retroactive Back Payments \| $aving to Invest Skip to content $aving to Invest Money Today That Matters Tomorrow Menu Menu Unemployment Resources Select State UI Pages California (CA) Florida (FL) Georgia (GA) Illinois (IL) Massachusetts (MA) Michigan (MI) Nevada (NV) New Jersey (NJ) New York (NY) Ohio (OH) Pennsylvania (PA) Texas (TX) Virginia (VA) Wisconsin (WI) Maximum Weekly Unemployment By State Will Unemployment Benefits be Extended Again Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) PEUC Program Updates $300 FPUC State Payment Tracker $100 MEUC Extra PUA Benefit Getting UI if I Have Exhausted Balance or Zero Weeks 2021 Taxes and Stimulus When Can I File My 2020 Taxes in 2021 IRS Tax Refund Processing Schedule Why Is It Taking So Long To Get My Tax Refund Unemployment Benefit Taxes Stimulus Checks Where is my Stimulus Check? Claiming the Recovery Rebate Credit (missing Stimulus Check Payment) Contacting IRS for Missing Stimulus Check Dependent Stimulus Check Payments Veterans, Retirees and Disability Stimulus Checks About Advertise & Guest Posts Saving to Invest – Terms of Use Contact Us Federal Unemployment Benefit Extensions For Expired PUA, PEUC and Extra $300 (FPUC) Programs – News and Updates on Missing and Retroactive Back Payments By Andy 180 comments Last Updated: Nov 11, 2021 Share via: With the expiry of federal enhanced unemployment benefit programs like PUA, PEUC, $300 FPUC and $100 MEUC after September 6th 2021 in all states, there has been considerable chatter around what happens next and when missing or back payments will be made. The cessation of pandemic unemployment benefits without another extension to the end of 2021, is obviously a big impact to millions of jobless or under-employed claimants that will result in them losing all benefits under the PUA, PEUC or supplementary $300 FPUC programs. Claimants will still however have access to traditional state unemployment. But this will leave many (mainly PUA claimants) in the lurch since they wouldn’t qualify for traditional state unemployment under current rules. And even if they do qualify, in many states the maximum amount of state unemployment benefits is barely enough to live on. Covered in this Article: States Not Extending Enhanced Benefits No Biden Executive Order. States Have Funding to Expand Unemployment Benefits Biden Emergency Extension to Pandemic Unemployment Benefits? Biden Stimulus Package Unemployment Extensions Unemployment Tax Break 2021 Enhanced Unemployment Extensions Under COVID Relief Stimulus Bill State Specific Unemployment Resource and News Pages Are unemployment benefits in the stimulus retroactive A Compromise on Extending Unemployment Benefits? States Not Extending Enhanced Benefits Per the latest update no state unemployment agency has extended enhanced unemployment benefits, despite already approved stimulus funds being available for states to use and President Biden calling for the states to do so. The main reason apparently is the overly high cost of running these enhanced UI programs (PUA, PEUC etc), which was originally paid for using federal funding allocated to administer these programs. The cost of running and administering these programs was apparently running into the hundreds of millions of dollars in large states. Further extending benefits to a relatively small percentage of the population would be politically hard to justify given the falling unemployment rate and persistent issues business are facing with filling open vacancies. I’ll continue to post updates as more information comes to hand and you can stay connected via the options below. You can also see more on how retroactive benefit payments will be made to claimants for weeks they were eligible/covered under the enhanced unemployment program(s). Stay In the Know: Subscribe via email or follow us on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube No Biden Executive Order. States Have Funding to Expand Unemployment Benefits The Biden Administration has confirmed that they won’t push to extend federally funded unemployment benefits past the September 6th expiration date via Executive Order or Congressional action. Instead they are encouraging states with high unemployment to use some of the existing $350 billion in ARPA stimulus allocated for State and Local Fiscal Recovery (SLFR) initiatives to fund enhanced unemployment benefits. As discussed in this video, there is wide latitude for usage of these funds by state governors and departments, which includes funding emergency unemployment benefits. States who ended participation early in federal unemployment programs could also use these funds to extend/expand benefits if they choose to do so. Some claimants may be eligible for State Extended Benefits (SEB), but after September 4th all claimants must have a regular UI claim to continue receiving benefits. See more in these state specific unemployment pages. Biden Emergency Extension to Pandemic Unemployment Benefits? With the rapid spread of and potential economic slowdown from the virulent Delta COVID-19 strain there is now talk of the Biden administration repurposing some of existing ARPA stimulus bill funding to extend pandemic unemployment programs to the end of 2022. This is similar to the six week LWA extension that President Trump passed by executive order last year (using existing FEMA funding) when Congress could not initially agree on funding an extension to pandemic unemployment benefits. If Congress cannot provide additional funding then this will be the most likely path for a short-term “emergency” extension of pandemic benefits and could be done relatively quickly along party lines, or simply by a Presidential Executive order. White House lawyers are likely already working on this as a possible option. Note that states which had ceased participation early in the federally funded unemployment programs will need to reapply to get access to this short term extension, if indeed it is passed. To Extend or Not? The argument for extending benefits is that while the economy has improved and COVID vaccination levels keep rising (despite the surging Delta Coronavirus strain), many unemployed are still having a hard time finding a job and millions have gone into the “long term” unemployed category which means they won’t qualify for regular state unemployment – even if they enter a new benefit year. Further constraints with schooling and affordable childcare in addition to the risk of getting more virulent strains of COVID is keeping many front line/customer facing workers from returning to work. However many business are also providing a counterview and saying they cannot fill open vacancies, particularly in the retail and hospitality industries which have lower income jobs. Because of the overly generous federal benefits, and especially the $300 extra weekly payment, many workers have no incentive to get back to work. As a result of this pressure, many state governors have moved ahead with ending their states participation early in one or more of the enhanced unemployment programs. In some cases more than 10 weeks ahead of the September end date! Which States Ended Unemployment Benefits Early? Following recent job reports that showed a shortage of workers to fill open positions, many Republican led states have now ended federally funded pandemic unemployment programs in order to incentivize workers to return to work. You can see the table below for when states ended one or more of the pandemic unemployment programs early. The argument is that these generous UI benefits deter lower income workers (who make less than $15 p/hour) from returning to work. Opponents argue that the reason people are not going back to work is due to fears around getting COVID (especially with the surging Delta virus) and/or child care and schooling restrictions. You can see more on states that ended the PUA, PEUC and $300 FPUC programs here and a YouTube video I made on this topic. Note that in several states, local claimant/advocacy groups are filing lawsuits against Governors and UI departments to overturn or suspend the early termination of benefits (and some have gotten injunctions). States Ending Unemployment Early Programs Ending Termination Date Alabama $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021 Alaska $300 FPUC June 12th, 2021 Arizona $300 FPUC July 10th, 2021 Arkansas $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 26th, 2021 Florida $300 FPUC June 26th, 2021 Georgia $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 26th, 2021 Idaho $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021 Indiana $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021* (Legal Challenge) Iowa $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 12th, 2021 Louisiana $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC July 31st, 2021 Maryland $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC July 3rd, 2021* (Legal Challenge; Still paying) Mississippi $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 12th, 2021 Missouri $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 12th, 2021 Montana $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 26th, 2021 Nebraska $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021 New Hampshire $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021 North Dakota $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021 Ohio $300 FPUC June 26th, 2021 Oklahoma $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 26th, 2021 South Carolina $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 30th, 2021 South Dakota $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 26th, 2021 Tennessee $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC July 3rd, 2021 Texas $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 26th, 2021 Utah $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 26th, 2021 West Virginia $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021 Wyoming $300 FPUC, PUA, PEUC, MEUC June 19th, 2021 Biden Stimulus Package Unemployment Extensions Congress and President Biden have now passed into law the $2 trillion stimulus package, also known as the American Rescue Plan (ARP). It includes further unemployment program extensions until September 6th, 2021 for the PUA, PEUC and FPUC programs originally funded under the CARES act in 2020 and then extended via the CAA COVID Relief Bill. The need for another unemployment stimulus was reinforced by the prevailing high unemployment situation in many parts of the country due to the ongoing COVID related economic fallout. Unemployment Benefit Extensions Per DOL Guidelines The initial Biden stimulus package passed in the House included a $400 FPUC extra weekly payment but in order to get all Democrats in the Senate onboard it had to be cut back to $300 p/week. This amount is the same as the $300 weekly supplement approved under the CAA COVID relief bill (discussed in earlier updates below) was funded until March 14th, 2021 but will now be extended through to week ending September 4th, 2021. This provides another 25 weekly payments for a maximum of $7,500. The $300 weekly FPUC payment lines up with the September extension of the PUA and PEUC programs. Claimants should be able to rollover remaining weeks from the CAA funded extensions (11 weeks) to the extended Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) and Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation (PEUC) programs. You can see a graphical representation of the past, current and proposed enhanced unemployment program extensions in the diagram below. See a full review of DOL guidelines this article. See the following articles for more information on these enhanced unemployment extensions and payment status $300 FPUC weekly UI payment update. This covers when these payments will be paid, retroactive payments and coverage periods. Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) extension details An extra 25 weeks for regular state unemployment claimants under the PEUC program Will The New Unemployment Stimulus Be Retroactive When will these extra payments be made and do I need to take any action to get extended weeks? A New $100 Benefit on Top of $300 FPUC Weekly Unemployment boost For Mixed Income Earners 2020 to 2021 Enhanced Unemployment Extensions – Updated with DOL guidelines So how many weeks is the actual extension under the ARP bill? 29 weeks or 25 weeks? While the ARP stated that both the PUA and PEUC programs were extended by 29 weeks, the actual number of weeks between week ending March 20th and September 4th is only 25 weeks. This was noted in the DOL guidelines (page 6) around the ARP extension and as such claimants will not be able to exhaust their full entitlements, unless the UI programs are extended (see more in this article) I had also noted earlier that there could have been a phase-out period for active claimants to use remaining weeks like the CAA 11-week extension; however final DOL guidelines removed phase-out provisions and all program benefits expire on weeks that end before September 6th, 2021. This would be September 4th, 2021 in most states, or September 5th, 2021 for those that a benefits week ending on a Sunday. Unemployment Tax Break Another valuable provision in the ARP bill for unemployed workers is to make the first $10,200 in unemployment payments non-taxable to prevent the surprise tax bills many jobless Americans faced in 2020 when filing their tax return. The provision will only be applicable to households with incomes under $150,000 and is only available for 2020 unemployment benefit payments. See how this could impact you if you already filed a return. I will be monitoring updates and progress as the new UI provisions are implemented by state UI agencies. The DOL is expecting it will take many states until April to implement the extended weeks of coverage, so expect some delays. You can subscribe via the options below to get the latest updates and related articles. Stay In the Know: Subscribe via email or follow us on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube 2021 Enhanced Unemployment Extensions Under COVID Relief Stimulus Bill Common sense has prevailed and President Trump has now signed the $900 billion COVID relief stimulus bill into law, despite his reservations and following widespread condemnation against his last minute complaints. This now releases, among many other items, funding for the enhanced unemployment benefit programs (details below) and stimulus checks to millions of Americans. For those receiving UI benefits under the PUA and PEUC programs you should continue certifying weekly as payments will be made retroactively once the final bill is approved. While you won’t receive payments, you want to ensure you don’t face delays when back payments start. For those who have exhausted their benefits, they will have to unfortunately have to wait until the final bill is passed before next steps are known. State Specific Unemployment Resource and News Pages Florida (FL) California (CA) Texas (TX) New Jersey (NJ) Massachusetts (MA) New York (NY) Arizona (AZ) Pennsylvania (PA) Colorado (CO) Ohio (OH) Georgia (GA) Illinois (IL) Wisconsin (WI) Michigan (MI) North Carolina (NC) Virginia (VA) Maryland (MD) Minnesota (MN) 2021 Enhanced and Extended Unemployment Programs Summary [Dec 25th update] President Trump sent a lump of coal to jobless and underemployed Americans for Christmas by refusing to pass the COVID stimulus bill that had passed in Congress after lengthy negotiations, which contained the unemployment program extensions and funding for a second round of stimulus payments (see earlier update below). This means that Congress will have to now go back in session to pass the bill again with a presidential approval override. Bottom line as discussed in this UI stimulus update video is that there will be a delay in payments and a likely lapse in benefits as the PUA and PEUC programs expired on December 26th. New payments under the $300 FPUC and $600 stimulus will now only start (assuming the COVID relief bill does pass) in 2021 with people having to rely on retroactive back payments for their benefits. [Approved Stimulus Package] Congressional leaders have passed a circa $900 billion stimulus plan that includes funding for an approximately 11 week extension (to March 14th 2021) to federal pandemic programs (PUA, PEUC) and additional supplementary unemployment benefits at $300 FPUC per week for millions of unemployed or underemployed Americans who lost their job or income due to COVID. Per the legislative text, the extension funding will only cover the period after December 26th 2020 and run for approximately 11 weeks, until March 14, 2021. Like the original $600 FPUC program (in effect till July 31st 2020) the new $300 FPUC payment only has a $1 minimum threshold, which is different to the $100 for the LWA program. PUA and PEUC programs have been extended and will provide an additional 11 weeks of retroactive coverage. You can see the latest around this and FAQs around how this will be paid in this regularly updated $300 UI payment article or via this video. This covers when these payments will be paid, retroactive payments and coverage periods. [December 2020 update] Congress is back in session after a tough election cycle and there is still a wide chasm between Republicans and Democrats when it comes to agreeing on a new Coronavirus / COVID stimulus package, which would include enhanced unemployment benefit extensions to programs that expand UI coverage (PUA and PEUC) and provide additional supplementary payments like the $300 LWA and $600 FPUC programs. Without additional extensions to the PUA and PEUC program funding and end dates, unemployed workers who have weeks left to claim (i.e. a pending balance) after December 31st would not receive any additional benefits under this program. This could impact nearly 5 million unemployed Americans. Further the supplementary benefit payments, above and beyond the regular or enhanced state benefits, have been critical to those living in high cost states where the standard UI benefit has not provided sufficient income to live on. Overall more than 20 million jobless Americans have come to rely on the enhanced COVID unemployment benefits to make ends meet while they wait for their employment situation to improve. $908 Billion Interim Stimulus Package and UI Benefits Extension There is however some hope that the current Congress can at least pass a bridging or interim stimulus package as part of the annual government funding bill, which would provide temporary relief until the new Congress and President are sworn in next month and pass a larger stimulus package. A group of bipartisan lawmakers unveiled an approximately $908 billion COVID relief plan that includes $180 billion of federal funding for pandemic unemployment programs and $300 in UI supplementary benefits. There is also an alternative $916 billion stimulus bill proposed by Trump and Senate Republican leaders which has no supplementary unemployment benefits, but rather a $1200 stimulus bill. Naturally unemployed Americans would prefer the $908 billion stimulus package. There is still nothing in a formal bill but this is the most progress made on a real extension in a while. You can see more in the following YouTube video I recently published on this interim stimulus bill. Are unemployment benefits in the stimulus retroactive Yes, it is expected that unemployment benefits – both supplementary and extended – would be retroactive to the start of the program or latest extension, so many eligible recipients should get a pretty significant unemployment check payment if they face delays but are eventually approved for past weeks. Will I have a lapse or delay in getting my benefits if a bill does pass this year? Some are arguing that the ongoing delays in Congress passing a new stimulus bill that includes UI benefits extensions may mean a lapse or extended delay in 2021 payments even if a bill is passed in the next week or two. Based on the challenging rollout of other Pandemic unemployment programs (LWA, FPUC) this year, worker advocates say it could take weeks for the antiquated state unemployment systems and programs to get updated and process claims/payments for new benefits. [Post Election update] With Democratic candidate Joe Biden winning the Presidential election and Senate Republicans likely to retain control of the Senate (pending final certification and Georgia run-offs), the probability of a stimulus package containing supplementary unemployment benefits happening this year is very remote as Trump and the Democrats have no political incentive to compromise. This means current and retroactive payments under the CARES act enhanced unemployment programs (PUA, PEUC and FPUC) will expire at the end of the year. Further, it is also highly likely that the next stimulus package will be much smaller and more focused. This means any supplementary unemployment benefits will be in the $300 to $400 range (similar to the LWA program) and for a short period (2 to 3 months). More details will come soon and I will post updates as that happens. [Pre-election update] Unfortunately hope for another stimulus package, that would have included additional unemployment benefits, is quickly dimming as the Senate (led by Republican Mitch McConnell) has now recessed until after the election following the confirmation of Supreme court justice Amy Coney Barrett. This means that it is highly unlikely the Senate will reconvene to vote on a new stimulus bill, even if the White House and House Democrats agree on a stimulus package. This is devastating news for the millions of unemployed Americans impacted by COVID related job losses. The main hope is that after the election, a new stimulus bill is quickly passed that makes included unemployment benefits retroactively payable. [October 2020 update on latest negotiations] With a month to go before the federal election, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin are working hard to compromise on a new pre-election stimulus deal that will include additional unemployment benefits and another stimulus check. Per their recently passed bill in the house, Democrats are still pushing for a $600 p/week supplementary UI payment (similar to the FPUC payment which expired in July), but will likely have to settle for a maximum $400 weekly payment in line with the recently paid Lost Wages Assistance (LWA) payment and the White House proposed $1.8 trillion stimulus bill. However Senate leader, Mitch McConnell has said it is unlikely that the Republican controlled Senate would have the votes to pass such a large stimulus bill and he is instead proposing on passing a smaller $500 billion stimulus bill, with more focus on small business’ via extending the PPP program and only $300 in additional weekly unemployment benefits. This is not something the Democrats or the White House are likely to support. Either way, with only a few days to go before the presidential election if another stimulus bill does not get agreed to this week then it could be a real possibility that no additional unemployment benefits will be available in 2020. This will be a devastating blow to millions of Americans and have a pretty significant impact on the US economy due to the contraction in consumer spending over the holiday season. In addition to funding extra unemployment benefits, a key part of any stimulus package, there is also bipartisan consensus on sending another $1,200 direct payment (stimulus check) before the end of the year. There would also be help for struggling small business through additional funding for the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and for airline industry employee furlough prevention. Support for states, local governments, home owners and renters will also likely be part of any new stimulus package. See details on when the renewed unemployment stimulus could be paid if passed in the next few weeks. Payments will be retroactive to September 12th, the week after LWA benefits expired. [August 2020 Update] With Congress unable to reach an agreement on a new stimulus bill and no impending legal challenges it looks like Trumps executive order (detailed below) to replace the extra weekly unemployment benefit (FPUC, or $600 weekly payment) will actually be implemented following FEMA guidance on the Lost Wages Assistance (LWA) Program. The following are key guidelines: The LWA program will provide eligible claimants in state administered unemployment Insurance (UI) programs up to $400 per week additional UI benefits, starting with weeks of unemployment ending on or after Aug. 1, 2020, and ending Dec. 27, 2020 at the latest. This means that payments will be retroactive to August 1st, even though the program will be implemented after that. See which states have started implementing the LWA program and when unemployment benefits will start to be paid. As per recent federal enhanced unemployment benefit programs, for individuals to quality for LWA benefits they must certify that they are unemployed or under unemployed due to coronavirus (COVID-19) related reasons, and the state must confirm that the individual is receiving at least $100 of existing unemployment benefits (e.g. under state UI, UCFE, PUA, EB or PEUC programs) This is to prevent fraud from people who were claiming this payment with minimal UI benefits. LWA a joint federal-state agreement where the federal government is covering 75% or $300 of the extended unemployment benefit (via $44 billion in FEMA Disaster Relief Fund funds). States own contributing the remaining 25% ($100) of the benefit payment using state budgets or the emergency funding received under the CARES Act. However the state contribution is not mandatory and is at the discretion of the state’s governor. Further states can count existing unemployment benefits paid to claimants against their $100 obligation under the LWA program. This could result in unemployed workers across many states facing significant budget shortfalls only getting the baseline federal payment of $300 in additional benefits. The LWA is a different program to the FPUC program and some states may require claimants to reapply for these benefits. Because Trump’s executive order cannot allocate new federal funding, the LWA program may end earlier than Dec. 27 (highly likely) if FEMA expends $44 billion prior or the balance of the Disaster Relief Fund decreases to $25 billion. Congress would then have to approve additional funding. For additional unemployment resources and state based information see the UI resource page. Source: DOL (LWA program) [Updated with further WH clarifications] President Trump has signed a series of executive orders, one of which includes extending the weekly unemployment benefits payment (FPUC) to the end of the year. However as expected and per the earlier update below, he is lowering the FPUC amount to a maximum of $400 p/week. The is made up of $300 in federal funding and $100 of state funding. In recent clarifications from the white house confirmed that the state component of the FPUC unemployment funding (25%, or $100) was optional. So this essentially means $300 is the base amount that many jobless Americans could be getting in several states, who are already seeing budget shortfalls from the pandemic induced slowdown. When will the payment be made? The legality and ability of this executive order to go into effect is already under question and will likely be challenged in court, not to mention the time it may take states to implement these changes and funding model. However the Labor Department has said the $300 a week in federal unemployment benefits could reach claimants by the end of August, assuming states can update their systems to accomodate the new payment structure. This will mean, like the first payment, some states will get this payment out faster than other states. Further the extra unemployment payment amount will range between $300 and $400, depending on how much states can fund their portion of the payment. Given the legal and political challenges the executive order will face, I would not be banking on seeing the $400 in your bank account or debit card anytime soon. More than anything it will almost force Congress to act quicker to pass something more official to ensure the President does not take political advantage of this situation. [Update – August 6th] At this stage the $600 extra weekly payment has expired and Lawmakers have yet to reach an agreement around an extension. The latest public proposals are shown below and here is an analysis of the impact of losing the $600 to people’s weekly incomes. Based on the stock market’s inexorable rise people are pricing in a likely extension sooner rather than later (otherwise consumer spending would crash) so stay tuned for what the final details may look like. The White house, is looking to get the Democrats and Republicans to compromise on a $400 weekly payment to year end, by making concessions in other areas of the latest stimulus package being negotiated. [Proposals] Republicans have proposed a contentious extension to the weekly FPUC supplementary unemployment benefit under their recently released HEALS (health, economic assistance, liability protection, schools) Act. They are proposing to extend the current weekly FPUC unemployment benefit to the end of the year, but doing so in two phases as follows: They will cut the current supplementary $600 FPUC weekly payment to $200 per week. This straight line cut would be in effect till the end of September 2020 (or first week of October in some states based on their UIC payment schedule), in order to allow states to implement the second phase approach which ties wages earned before a job loss to the amount of supplementary unemployment benefits paid. The $200 payment would be on top of current state maximums and would have a disproportional effect on states like Florida and Arizona which already have low UIC weekly benefit amounts. In the second phase from early October 2020, the Republicans are proposing limiting the total unemployment benefit (supplementary + state amount) to 70% of an individual’s pre job-loss wages rather than a fixed weekly supplementary benefit as is currently in place. The maximum supplementary amount that could be paid would be $500. The calculation of the 70% threshold will be based on a federal Department of Labor formula or by a state proposing an approved alternative method. So for example Jack, who lives in California, was earning $800 p/week before he involuntarily lost his job. His UI payment under the Republican proposal would be limited to a maximum of $560. Assuming he was eligible against other criteria, he would then get the state maximum of $450 plus a supplementary amount $110 only. This compares to the $1050 ($450 + $600) he would get under the current FPUC program. A pretty significant difference. For contractors, gig wokers and freelancers this new approach would have a larger impact since consistently proving their income before the job loss will be a challenge. Further it will likely take state UI agencies several weeks to implement this new calculation method and verification processes, which is why $2 billion was included in the HEALS Act states to upgrade their UI systems. The above counter proposal is in response to the Democrats HEROES act (details below, and passed in the House back in June) which proposed a straight extension of the $600 payment to the end of the year. While the parties are still far apart, the silver lining is that Republicans are finally on board with an extension. The reason the extension is low is purportedly because they want to encourage returning to work where wages would be higher than unemployment for most Americans. But the Democratic controlled house won’t likely accept such significant cuts with many pundits expecting a compromise to result in a supplementary $300 to $400 weekly amount (or an equivalent amount) till the end of the year. This story is developing as both parties are going to have to compromise on a final extension. The main takeaway is that the $600 payment will be cut, but that the overall FPUC program will be extended to provided supplementary benefits. [Prior Updates] The expansive pandemic unemployment provisions passed under the CARES act stimulus package have been widely acknowledged as the largest boost to individuals who lost their jobs as a result of the Coronavirus induced slowdown. In particular the extra $600 (FPUC) weekly payment on top of the regular state unemployment compensation has been by far the most effective part of the government’s economic policy response to the fallout from the Coronavirus induced recession and unemployment spike. For over 50 percent of jobless Americans the extra $600 and regular UI weekly payment more than replaced what they were earning from working. While the debate rages along party lines on extending benefits, Trump administration officials and Congressional Republicans have strongly indicated they don’t want to extend the $600-a-week FPUC supplementary UI benefit past its current expiry at the end of July 2020. They feel the economy is improving and want to encourage workers to go back to work versus relying on the generous enhanced unemployment benefits. This is why they are pushing back-to-work bonus payments or reducing the extra weekly payment to somewhere between $200 and $400, and providing a temporary stipend to those who return to work. House Democrats, led by Speaker Nancy Pelosi, on the other hand have reiterated the importance of the $600 weekly payment for the millions of unemployed by passing putting a new Stimulus bill in the House, called the HEROES act, which includes an extension of the $600 per week extra unemployment payment (FPUC) through to January 2021 as the current FPUC provisions approved in March are set to expire at the end of July. There is little doubt that the $600 payment and other enhanced unemployment benefits – in addition the PUA covering those workers not normally eligible for state unemployment benefits or extending existing benefit coverage periods by 13 weeks (under PEUC) for those whose jobs or livelihood were impacted by COVID – will be a big boost to many households. However the roll-out of these new provisions and payment to recipients has been less than stellar to say the least, mainly because of decades of under-investment in the administrative capacity of state UI agencies and systems (many still using mainframes or home grown software) has left them incapable of flexibly in adjusting to the new provisions and determining the eligibility of newly covered worker groups. Even back pay for retroactive payments is taking far longer than planned. A Compromise on Extending Unemployment Benefits? It appears highly likely that the President and his administration will have to provide some level of support to the millions of unemployed workers given the resurgence of the Coronavirus in several states that has forced extended business closures. As such a Senate proposal by the Democrats called The American Workforce Rescue Act (AWRA), may provide a party line compromise that the president could get behind, particularly as the presidential election is only a few months away. The AWRA proposal would continue to provide the full $600 extra weekly unemployment payment as long as the states unemployment rate is above 11%. When it drops below 11% (based on a three-month average), it will start to phase out to $0 until the state’s unemployment rate drops below 6%. So essentially $100 less for every percentage drop between 11% and 6% of a state’s unemployment rate. With the current provisions expiring in a few weeks, I expect that that Congress will eventually craft a bill to extend these UI benefits to the end of 2020 using a hybrid of one of the above proposals – which may well also include another 2020 stimulus check to cover those not eligible for unemployment benefits. The table below shows the impact of losing the extra $600 weekly payment against the maximum weekly benefit amount (WBA) current paid by state unemployment agencies. As you can see, in several states it is pretty significant and the impact is much, much higher if you are not getting close to the maximum amount in your respective state. State Standard UIC Max. Weekly Benefit UIC WBA + $600 % UIC Income Lost Puerto Rico $190 $790 316% Mississippi $235 $835 255% Arizona $240 $840 250% Louisiana $247 $847 243% Alabama $275 $875 218% Florida $275 $875 218% Tennessee $275 $875 218% Missouri $320 $920 188% South Carolina $326 $926 184% North Carolina $350 $950 171% Michigan $362 $962 166% Georgia $365 $965 164% Alaska $370 $970 162% Wisconsin $370 $970 162% Virginia $378 $978 159% Indiana $390 $990 154% Delaware $400 $1,000 150% South Dakota $414 $1,014 145% West Virginia $424 $1,024 142% New Hampshire $427 $1,027 141% Maryland $430 $1,030 140% Nebraska $440 $1,040 136% District of Columbia $444 $1,044 135% Maine $445 $1,045 135% Idaho $448 $1,048 134% California $450 $1,050 133% Arkansas $451 $1,051 133% Nevada $469 $1,069 128% Ohio $480 $1,080 125% Iowa $481 $1,081 125% Illinois $484 $1,084 124% Kansas $488 $1,088 123% New York $504 $1,104 119% Wyoming $508 $1,108 118% New Mexico $511 $1,111 117% Vermont $513 $1,113 117% Texas $521 $1,121 115% Oklahoma $539 $1,139 111% Kentucky $552 $1,152 109% Montana $552 $1,152 109% Pennsylvania $572 $1,172 105% Utah $580 $1,180 103% Rhode Island $586 $1,186 102% Colorado $618 $1,218 97% North Dakota $618 $1,218 97% Hawaii $648 $1,248 93% Oregon $648 $1,248 93% Connecticut $649 $1,249 92% New Jersey $713 $1,313 84% Minnesota $740 $1,340 81% Washington $790 $1,390 76% Massachusetts $823 $1,423 73% Share this: Facebook Twitter Email Related Subscribe via email or follow us on Facebook, Twitter or YouTube to get the latest news and updates 180 thoughts on “Federal Unemployment Benefit Extensions For Expired PUA, PEUC and Extra $300 (FPUC) Programs – News and Updates on Missing and Retroactive Back Payments” Comment navigation ← Older Comments Lisa Adair Oct 21, 2021 at 11:59 PM Please take into consideration that alot of hospitality, food workers and other types of direct customer service employees were INJURED in the havoc created by the Covid 19 scare as well as the BLM protests that occured at the same time. Some are UNABLE TO RETURN to their previous careers, disabled from those jobs. They have to retrain or get someone to train them. Federal Disability is NOT accepting disabled from duty as a reason to support. The entire SS system is not acknowledging the over 600,000 people in their age target range were eliminated by Covid death and they will not have to release SS income for that and Disability will NOT pay their wounded so we are forced to head to the unemployment line for a fraction of our old salaries, an intent to retire at minimal age and SS pay statis, and a desire to find a trainer at an older age when we actually were at the top of our class, prior to being run over in panic melee. Reply JC Oct 21, 2021 at 10:37 PM Arkansas (along with Texas, Georgia and Florida) has proven time and again, they do not know what it means to be an American. I believe that ALL congress representatives and senators and ALL of their support staff, should attend an “orientation” training to teach the ignorant what it means to be an American, what the Constitution is, what the law is, what their duty is to their constituents and to their country. IGNORANCE has lead to the stupid having power that really should be reserved for those that know something. To pass the TEST, they need to take a Naturalization test. If they don’t pass, they go back to the beginning and cannot serve in full compacity, until they UNDERSTAND THE CONSTITUTION AND THEIR DUTIES TO COUNTRY. They should also take an oath to country, that if they trip or fail to uphold…they will be prosecuted and GO TO JAIL. Serving the country should not be a path to wealth…to becoming a millionaire. Serving the country should mean civil servant. Wages need to be lowered to what is common across America and benefits need to be withheld, if their loyalty to country is in question. Reply Mike R. Aug 30, 2021 at 10:46 AM I live in Illinois and have been on PUA since 2020. I understand that PUA will end in about a week (9/4), and as a small business owner and sole proprietor, I will not qualify for “regular” Unemployment Comp. What are the chances of PUA or some other program that would provide weekly benefits being put into place? Reply Andy Aug 30, 2021 at 11:22 AM In IL it may be extended in some fashion. You can get SEB till Sep 11. See more on the IL Unemployment page – https://savingtoinvest.com/illinois-il-division-of-unemployment-insurance-600-fpuc-peuc-and-pua/ Reply Kathy Aug 30, 2021 at 8:09 PM Florida- PEUA and PUA Set To Expire 9/4/2021 – Gov DeSantis (RED) State Ended Federal Benefits Saying People Are Lazy and Not Wanting To Work… The Real Problem. Companies Post Jobs- They Tell 95% People Your Over Qualified .. Leaving Positions OPEN NOT FILLED.. The Small Business Owners Run Back To DeSantis- Telling Him ” We Cant Hire Anyone” We Cant Fill Our Open Positions. Then DeSantis TOOK IT OUT ON 270K Unemployed People.. He Took Away $300 Week Unemployment Benefits- This Next Election – PEOPLE WILL NOT FORGET (OR) FORGIVE… People Unemployed Florida – ARE NOT LAZY…. Its Not There Fault – Educated, Highly Qualified.. DeSantis- You Need To Tell Employers STOP TURNING 95% People Away- Telling Them.. Sorry Your Over Qualified …. HORRIBLE !!!! STOP CALLING PEOPLE LAZY !! Your Wrong DeSantis- Do Your Research !!! Reply Joel Hatchett May 19, 2021 at 11:19 AM Has anyone else not gotten their PUA? Reply Nelly Lee Aug 13, 2021 at 7:23 PM Hi, I received an email from NJDOL here is the first paragraph You are receiving this email because you have been certifying weekly for an unemployment benefit that will end on September 4th, 2021. Please note that you will still be able to receive benefits for weeks prior to September 4th, per your weekly certification answers. I have not been certifying in over a year, has anyone else who is no longer certifying gotten this email? Reply justin Apr 14, 2021 at 7:23 PM hi from oregon, as of 04/03/21 my peuc benefits have been exhausted as well as my regular benefits back in september. my fiance got hers extended the 25 weeks but mine has not been extended and now this week have not received payment. when the check my payments it says it has not been processed. does anyone know if it will get extended or do i need to file for the puc benefits Reply annonomous Mar 21, 2021 at 2:40 AM I was not able to activate my claim in January because of technical issues. I called in and finally had some kind of assistance in only march. I have asked for back claims until January and was told to send them an email requesting so. I have not gotten any response. the March 14th deadline under the previous trump extension has expired. Obviously biden has passed another extension thru labor day weekend. So far it seems nobody can file except ironically I can file because I have unclaimed January and February benefits. I have filed but now see that the $300/wk has not been credited. Im now worried that I have made a mistake by filling. Should I wait until everyone in my state can file and only file those weekly claims that week or should I continue to file and will get the $300/wk retroactively? Im extremely stressed out and worried. There is just to much uncertainty. Reply Mike R. Mar 11, 2021 at 9:38 PM I saw a lot of mail on this site from PUA recipients in Illinois and other states whose Unemployment percentage was “too favorable” to qualify for extensions of job benefits, and who thus got notified they had reached the maximum number of weeks (50) of PUA benefits, and were being cut off from any further PUA benefits. I have been “moving mountains” to try to find out if the above DISQUALIFIED PUA recipients from the extended unemployment benefits (particularly PUA) in the new $1.9 Trillion Relief bill that President Biden just signed into law. The FACT: We ALMOST MISSED those extended benefits, due to oversight by the in creating that bill! But some HERO(S) noted that oversight at the “last minute,” and had it FIXED – so we PUA recipients in IL and some other states WILL get the extended benefits in the Relief bill…according to this message I just received from the office of one of my Illinois State Congressmen: “Cong. (name deleted) staff were able to confirm that the bill that was signed today included a fix (of the language re: 50 weeks being the maximum weeks of benefits PUA recipients could receive, due to their state’s Unemployment Rate being “too favorable). The original version as it passed out of the house did not address and “fix” that language in the law, but news broke of what happened here (in IL, to PUA recipients being cut off at 50 weeks of benefits) and they included it in the Senate version of the bill.” Reply T Mar 11, 2021 at 8:27 PM In Louisiana we have some people coming up on the 3/13/21 deadline are they going to roll over our claim this time cause in December it was a mess for them to get on track so this go around are they going to roll your claim over even if you have a little money left in it Reply Diane Rodgers Feb 18, 2021 at 1:04 PM Hey all, question if anyone has experienced this. I applied for EB last week and filed my weekly claim. My unemployment homepage says status “OPEN” with the amount next to it. Yet I did not receive funds this week. Is there a delay in getting funds when you first apply to EB? Thank you. Diane Reply shawna raby Jan 22, 2021 at 8:03 PM Hi Andy! Thanks to you and fellow staff for continuously updating articles to show current, relevant information. Fingers crossed you can help me out with a question. I was qualified under PUA last year due to a job offer from a school that was obviously rescinded at the start of the pandemic. Prior to this, I had worked as a freelancer, off and on. When I applied for PUA, I used the recent job offer as my reason. However, my direct supervisor would not admit to the job offer written form when I asked for it. (The job offer was made over the phone.) She finally provided an email that stated we were in the final stages- not true- but I wasn’t asked to send any documentation last year. So. With the new requirements for 2021 PUA, will this be a problem? I thought the fact that I also can show I was a freelance worker and send in both sets of documentation should cover me… Do you happen to know if exhausted claims filed in 2020 fall under the 90 day document verification, or would this instead be under the 21 day classification? Thanks so much. Reply Jose Francisco Martinez Jan 10, 2021 at 11:16 AM Hi Andy. I live in California. I applied for regular UI back in February of 2020. I did not qualify and later was “automatically “ enrolled to PUA after the CARES act passed. My question is I still have roughly 12 weeks balance on the PUA after the December 26, 2020 expiration. Being that I still have a balance, do I have to reapply or am I automatically been extended to March 13/14? I check my UI online daily and read the latest news they have and lookout for emails/text or inbox messages. It’s January 10th and I thought by now I would continue with the balance I have with the $300 boost. Any advice from you or any reader here would much appreciated. Reply Andy Jan 10, 2021 at 11:41 AM Hey Jose. You should be automatically enrolled in the extended period once EDD has its systems updated. Based on recent EDD updates, they will start making payments from Monday January 10th and stretching out over a two week period. So you should be getting your underlying UI and the $300 boost shortly. Just keep checking your UI online – I know it sucks to wait when you have bills to pay. You can see more updates in this CA UI page – https://savingtoinvest.com/californias-employment-development-department-for-unemployment-insurance/ Reply Jose Francisco Martinez Jan 13, 2021 at 7:17 PM Update 01/13/2021, hi Andy. I myself and many others here in California have been notified to start certifying for our weeks. I’ve directed other people to your website and YouTube videos. Thanks again for the thorough information you provide. Reply Al Seidelmann Jan 7, 2021 at 12:03 PM I’m sorry if this has been asked a thousand times already, but does anyone know when the extra $300 is to be paid out? I’m in NJ and they said they have reprogrammed their system and are running test payments. But wasn’t sure if anyone had received their first payment of the extra $300. Thank you for any updates. Reply Kathleen ureneck Mar 29, 2021 at 5:33 AM I usually get my 300 stimulus in NJ on Monday , but today 3 28 21. NOTHING. This is 1st week of Bidens ARP . WHY NO 300 . ???? Reply Al Seidelmanm Mar 29, 2021 at 10:53 AM Wow. I always get my $300 extra UI on Monday morning like clockwork. However I woke up this morning and no money is there. Can anyone explain why the $300 just stopped! I got my normal UI on Fri and normally get my 300 on Monday. But it’s not there. Any help or explanation would be amazing. Reply Daniel C Ortega Jan 5, 2021 at 9:56 AM I am self-employed and I hope I can qualify for the extra hundred Reply Jeff creel Dec 30, 2020 at 10:38 AM Jeff from florida. Was getting PUA as I’m self employed up until dec 26th. I still had available money to claim but it ended and now shows me as regular UC which I’m ineligible for. So will I have to reapply somewhere to get back in the PUA program or will they just put those of us it happened to back in the program. Very confusing with no guidance, not sure if I should wait it out or reapply. Reply William Wine Jan 2, 2021 at 8:43 PM We’re you able to resolve the issue? Im having the same problem Reply jeff creel Jan 8, 2021 at 9:00 AM Never got it resloved, now I was kicked into regular UI which I dont qualify for because I was self employed. Guess we just wait and see if we get put back in PUA apparently since nobody knows anything. I have a balance of 0 and shows as ineligible for Regular UI, dont have any links to click or anything else, just stuck. Reply Michael Phillips Dec 27, 2020 at 5:10 AM I thought I liked trump and the job he was doing but him leaving us without our unemployment benefits after Christmas knowing everyone is in a bind financially is crazy and uncalled for. right now we dont care if the stimulus. check is 600 or 2000, we need help now and any help is better than no help we have been waiting for over 6 months for additional help and now that Pelosi and Schumer and McConnell finally agree on something trump wants to hurt us now after all the crap he talked about them stalling our checks. and all this because he has his panties in a bunch over the election. it ain’t right man open your eyes and see what your doing to your country to your people. Reply Andy Dec 27, 2020 at 10:55 AM Well said. I hope this is a wake up call for Trump supporters who thought he actually cared about the average American. It’s all about his agenda and political image. Reply CK Jan 26, 2021 at 2:21 PM What are you talking about?? How in the hell does Trump factor into an equation he is no longer a part? He did his part by signing off on everything we are supposed to receive. That’s all he could do. BTW…McConnell has NOT agreed to anything – he’s the one who vetoed putting the bill for $2,000 stimulus checks before the Senate. Stop blaming everything wrong in this country Donald Trump! It was totally f***ed way before he was elected. Additionally, I suggest that you stop reading the headlines from the anti Trump media, and do your own homework relating what really happens in Congress and not what they feed us. I’ll just ask this – Pelosi, Schumer, McConnell & the rest of the political ruling class in DC have been there for DECADES – if they are so caring about our country and it citizens – HOW did they let it get to this point in the first place?? Do your own research – they are ALL in this together! If you think it’s bad now – just wait… Reply Jen Mar 26, 2021 at 8:19 PM Bingo. It’s sad these people think trump is to blame.how u liking the embarrassment of a job biden is doing. hes destroying this country. at a moron. Trump did more for americans than any other president. Do ur research. Reply Pizda Mar 27, 2021 at 10:57 AM Duhh.. I’m sure most people on this forum voted for Biden. Enjoy the consequences! Lol laurey rodriguez Nov 13, 2020 at 11:50 PM Which questions because it says we dont need to do anything Reply Tw Oct 29, 2020 at 8:04 PM Did the feds help some states out by extending $300 unemployment benefits till December if so was Louisiana one of them Reply Nataly Oct 3, 2020 at 10:15 AM Hi there. Has anyone on here received LWA $300 per week payments yet? I’m still unemployed in NYC and it’s October already. I haven’t gotten any money from lwa yet… Makes me really anxious. Reply Katisha Oct 15, 2020 at 8:36 AM Hi. I live in GA. I don’t know if the same rules apply but I was waiting just like you until I realized that i had to go on the unemployment website to answer a couple questions in order to receive the $300. 2 days after I answered those questions I received a lump some of about $1500. Reply Nataly Oct 15, 2020 at 10:07 AM Lucky you. I log in into my DOL account every day to check on my status and didn’t see any questions. No messages from them either. I certify every week and still did receive any LWA money.. Reply Quincy Holley Nov 22, 2020 at 9:30 PM What unemployment website Reply Susan Peck Jan 11, 2021 at 12:26 PM Could you give a little more detail. I am to understand how all this stuff works. Reply Proud Vet Oct 3, 2020 at 9:37 AM So I’m getting between $10-$20 weekly of my ex’s UI (deadbeat truck driver)for my 31yrs old child support case?! But GA made sure the social service Queen got higher payments for her child? Well my very successful baby buckeye got the last laugh in life because MD takes child spt cases seriously!! That’s how I got his stimulus check!! Reply dan kennedy Dec 15, 2020 at 10:03 AM Child support for one 31 year old adult. Get a job. Reply Teresa Potter Oct 3, 2020 at 8:28 AM I know how to post messages I just don’t know how to check them in my email..can someone answer my question? Will everyone get the extra unemployment weekly this time or is it only for ppl that make over $100 like it is now?? Reply Teresa Potter Oct 2, 2020 at 5:14 PM Hey Andy.. Will EVERYONE get the $600.. or just the ppl who get over $100 in unemployment? Reply Teresa Potter Oct 2, 2020 at 5:23 PM How do I know if someone replies to my message? Reply Jessica sedlacek Sep 14, 2020 at 4:06 PM Hello there, I’m from Illinois I always get my unemployment deposited on Tuesday nights. I certified today, and seen the break down of the 3 weeks retropay. So basicallyI am getting $255 x the 3 weeks. So $765 being deposited in my account. My question is, do I not get my regular benefit on top of that added to that amount, or should I expect that at a different time even though its showing the amount that will be deposited is $765? Thank you! Reply Jeff Kimbrough Aug 25, 2020 at 3:08 AM I live in California Been A manager bartender for 17 years since we don’t have a restaurant we are still closed by Governor Newsom I worked 5 days since March 15th make $95 a week on unemployment I still won’t be able to even get that $300 from Trump cuz you have to make a $100 in California on the 26th of August I go in for hernia surgery September 1st I’m being thrown out of my apartment because I’m 1 month late I’ve been here for 13 years also my catalytic converter went out and he can’t get to pass smog in California without it so there’s another $1,300 which I don’t have never been homeless before at 41 years old Reply Al Gaines Aug 24, 2020 at 3:36 PM OK here’s what troubles me. Republicans are “claiming” that the $600 bonus, was incentivising people not to return to work and many Americans are making more than they did when working…. i say… YEAH RIGHT! HERE’S A THOUGHT. Let’s say there’s a family of 5 (2 parents and 3 children), Pre-Covid, families may have spent a total of MAYBE 10 HOURS HOME ON A REVOLVING 24 DAY. Why? Well… parents worked, and children went to school. Each day most families would be responsible for 1 maybe 2 meals per work week. But now… that family of 5 is home 24 hours a day, 7 days. The cost of energy increases, groceries bills increase, expenses increases… so tell me… ARE PEOPLE REALLY MAKING MORE STAYING HOME ON UNEMPLOYMENT WITH THE RISING COSTS OF LIVING? REALLY? So a family of 5 that used to spend maybe $100 on energy now spends $300, $200 per week on groceries now spends $500 (cause all you do is eat where there’s nothing to do), all of the overtime hours or extra shifts some Americans would pick up to make extra money too make ends meet IS NO LONGER AVAILABLE. An extra to pay for school clothes, an extra shift to cover school supplies… GONE. An extra shift because you have a new vehicle or new apartment or whatever one picked up an extra shift for… it’s no longer there. So now you’re stuck making what the government “GIVES YOU” but apparently in their eyes “its too much”. Says the people working high paying jobs for doing nothing. Then you hear those that say…. “Well… you elected them.” Ugh… let’s get one thing CLEAR… AND I MEAN CRYSTAL CLEAR! I DIDN’T ELECT THESE FOOLS. SO STOP TELLING ME “WELL… YOU VOTED FOR THEM” BECAUSE I DAMN SURE DIDN’T. UNFORTUNATELY, THEY’RE IN OFFICE BASED ON POPULAR VOTE BUT NOT MY VOTE. I understand how it works… just don’t tell me I voted for this. And for those that had voted these people in office I can tell you now… most wish they hadn’t. Reply R Christopherson Sep 3, 2020 at 3:00 AM Yes. Don’t forget to include loss of health insurance coverage. That is a big loss to a family and requires quite an expense to continue coverage outside of the employer’s plan. Reply Ricky Nov 6, 2020 at 8:29 PM Amen / 100%/ FACTS!!! Reply gary Aug 24, 2020 at 3:32 PM Is it at ALL possible to file for retroactive unemployment and PUC (pandemic unemployment compensation) April 2020 through July 2020 – now? Has anyone tried. How would you do this? or is it impossible thanks in advance. (I have just started receiving Unemployment now in August 2020) Reply Andy Aug 24, 2020 at 3:42 PM You can only apply for retroactive payments (likely need to call your agency) if you were eligible for $1 in UI per week during that period. You will have to certify for this. Reply Renee R Sep 7, 2020 at 5:29 PM Hi Gary, I applied a few weeks ago and received backpay. You should apply Reply Lacey Williams Nov 26, 2020 at 6:41 AM 11/25/2020 Hi Renee! Ya for you receiving back pay. What state are you in? How did you actually accomplish it? I’ve tried EVERYTHING..any help much appreciated! Reply Francine Smith Aug 21, 2020 at 1:19 PM The government should just print out more money more checks make everyone rich economy would be great , a lot less crime , after all its only money a debt that is never going to be paid hell get Americans out of this mess it all makes sense, I don’t know why they are so stuck on this extension Benifits they just love having the power over us , it’s our money that they don’t want to give , and everyone is so right when they say as long as the government is happy and on vacation they dont care , the Americans Should be taking care of but no they want to see people lose their home and hungry on the street or else no one would be begging for our money it’s always been the rich get richer and the poor get poorer thanks to them, I do know it’s a sick world we live in this land of the free , so sad Congress all they got to say is nothing you might see 200.0 sometime in September maybe October because we care , well blank blank to everyone of them , give the people the money and stop squeezing your blanks , what do you want the government created this huge crisis now get us out of it Reply Donna Pevey Sep 8, 2020 at 1:27 AM You want to see the value of our money bottom out? The answer is NOT to print more money. The answer is to stop this keeping people locked down nonsense and everyone go back to work. Reply Claire Sep 17, 2020 at 11:42 PM Where the jobs????Are you on another planet now? There are no jobs on the market for IT, a lot of companies closed and laid employees off…others has to stop outsourcing of IT jobs to offshore and give us our jobs back and we will start working tomorrow…. Reply Angie Jul 2, 2021 at 1:36 PM Agreed! Companies list open positions they have no intentions of filling, they are making too much money overworking the fewer workers that are left. Companies that innovate and support their employees with fair workplaces and wages do not have problems finding labor. That is my opinion of office work. When it comes to entry level/manual labor, it makes sense that the news media has scared everyone so badly that working with people could kill you. Who’s going to want to work at McDonald’s at the risk of their life? No one! So then, it would make sense that some of these types of jobs must be reengineered so they require less humans, which is a good thing. No one should have to spend their life flipping burgers or being a cashier. Other countries have automated the check out process, and allow people to work in more rewarding fields. Just my two cents worth. Walt Dec 21, 2020 at 5:31 PM If I understand correctly, opening everything up without restrictions will lead to about 3 million more deaths since the virus is pretty much out of control and apparently mutating. I guess that would at least mean that fewer people will be vying for a job, making it easier for others? Reply Theresa Park Aug 17, 2020 at 11:48 AM I truly believe that the FPUC money would have lasted longer if they applied enough extra money to each weekly payment to match what the person was taking home from work. I lost my job, my husband didn’t, what I’m getting without the stimulus payment is less than half of what I would take home every week after taxes. We knew the stimulus would end, so we started budgeting, got rid of unnecessary expenses like cable. We were able to save so when the money ran out we could still keep up with our bills. The most expensive is my car note, which is $640 a month, since we bought our house in cash, that is like a mortgage payment. I wish everyone the best, I hope that things get better for us as we struggle to survive while the government keeps effing everything up. If every millionaire in the US gave a little too the funding process, there would be no debate, we’d be okay. Just remember, middle and low class have to stick together, because technically there’s only upper class and then everybody else. Reply Cassandra McCune-Green Sep 15, 2020 at 1:42 PM Correct Reply Comment navigation ← Older Comments Leave a Reply to Donna Pevey Cancel reply Comment Name Email Website Notify me of follow-up comments by email. 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0.999385	Sherpa is distributed as a tarred and gzipped file named SHERPA-MC-<VERSION>.tar.gz, and can be unpacked in the current working directory with $ tar -zxf SHERPA-MC-<VERSION>.tar.gz Alternatively, it can also be accessed via Git through the location specified on the download page. In that case, before continuing, it is necessary to construct the build scripts by running autoreconf -i once after cloning the Git repo. To guarantee successful installation, the following tools should be available on the system: C++ and Fortran compilers (e.g. from the gcc suite) make SQLite 3 (including the -dev package if installed through a package manager) If SQLite is installed in a non-standard location, please specify the installation path using option --with-sqlite3=/path/to/sqlite. If SQLite is not installed on your system, the Sherpa configure script provides the fallback option of installing it into the same directory as Sherpa itself. To do so, please run configure with option --with-sqlite3=install (This may not work if you are cross-compiling using --host. In this case, please install SQLite by yourself and reconfigure using --with-sqlite3=/path/to/sqlite). Compilation and installation proceed through the following commands if you use the distribution tarball: $ ./configure [options] $ make install To install from a cloned git repository run: $ autoreconf -i $ mkdir build && cd build $ ../configure [options] $ make install If not specified differently, the directory structure after installation is organized as follows $(prefix)/bin Sherpa executable and scripts $(prefix)/include headers for process library compilation $(prefix)/lib basic libraries $(prefix)/share PDFs, Decaydata, fallback run cards The installation directory $(prefix) can be specified by using the ./configure --prefix /path/to/installation/target directive and defaults to the current working directory. If Sherpa has to be moved to a different directory after the installation, one has to set the following environment variables for each run: SHERPA_INCLUDE_PATH=$newprefix/include/SHERPA-MC SHERPA_SHARE_PATH=$newprefix/share/SHERPA-MC SHERPA_LIBRARY_PATH=$newprefix/lib/SHERPA-MC LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$SHERPA_LIBRARY_PATH:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH Sherpa can be interfaced with various external packages, e.g. HepMC, for event output, or LHAPDF, for PDFs. For this to work, the user has to pass the appropriate commands to the configure step. This is achieved as shown below: $ ./configure --enable-hepmc2=/path/to/hepmc2 --enable-lhapdf=/path/to/lhapdf Here, the paths have to point to the top level installation directories of the external packages, i.e. the ones containing the lib/, share/, … subdirectories. For a complete list of possible configuration options run ./configure --help The Sherpa package has successfully been compiled, installed and tested on SuSE, RedHat / Scientific Linux and Debian / Ubuntu Linux systems using the GNU C++ compiler versions 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 4.x as well as on Mac OS X 10 using the GNU C++ compiler version 4.0. In all cases the GNU FORTRAN compiler g77 or gfortran has been employed. If you have multiple compilers installed on your system, you can use shell environment variables to specify which of these are to be used. A list of the available variables is printed with $ ./configure --help in the Sherpa top level directory and looking at the last lines. Depending on the shell you are using, you can set these variables e.g. with export (bash) or setenv (csh). Examples: export CXX=g++-3.4 export CC=gcc-3.4 export CPP=cpp-3.4 2.1.1. Installation on Cray XE6 / XK7¶ Sherpa has been installed successfully on Cray XE6 and Cray XK7. The following configure command should be used $ ./configure <your options> --enable-mpi --host=i686-pc-linux CC=CC CXX=CC FC='ftn -fPIC' LDFLAGS=-dynamic Sherpa can then be run with $ aprun -n <nofcores> <prefix>/bin/Sherpa -lrun.log The modularity of the code requires setting the environment variable CRAY_ROOTFS, cf. the Cray system documentation. 2.1.2. Installation on IBM BlueGene/Q¶ Sherpa has been installed successfully on an IBM BlueGene/Q system. The following configure command should be used $ ./configure <your options> --enable-mpi --host=powerpc64-bgq-linux CC=mpic++ CXX=mpic++ FC='mpif90 -fPIC -funderscoring' LDFLAGS=-dynamic Sherpa can then be run with $ qsub -A <account> -n <nofcores> -t 60 --mode c16 <prefix>/bin/Sherpa -lrun.log 2.1.3. MacOS Installation¶ Since it is more complicated to set up the necessary compiler environment on a Mac we recommend using a package manager to install Sherpa and its dependencies. David Hall is hosting a repository for Homebrew packages at: http://davidchall.github.io/homebrew-hep/ In case you are compiling yourself, please be aware of the following issues which have come up on Mac installations before: On 10.4 and 10.5 only gfortran is supported, and you will have to install it e.g. from HPC If you want to reconfigure, i.e. run the command autoreconf or (g)libtoolize, you have to make sure that you have a recent version of GNU libtool (>=1.5.22 has been tested). Don’t confuse this with the native non-GNU libtool which is installed in /usr/bin/libtool and of no use! Also make sure that your autools (autoconf >= 2.61, automake >= 1.10 have been tested) are of recent versions. All this should not be necessary though, if you only run configure. Make sure that you don’t have two versions of g++ and libstdc++ installed and being used inconsistently. This appeared e.g. when the gcc suite was installed through Fink to get gfortran. This caused Sherpa to use the native MacOS compilers but link the libstdc++ from Fink (which is located in /sw/lib). You can find out which libraries are used by Sherpa by running otool -L bin/Sherpa 2.2. Running Sherpa¶ The Sherpa executable resides in the directory <prefix>/bin/ where <prefix> denotes the path to the Sherpa installation directory. The way a particular simulation will be accomplished is defined by several parameters, which can all be listed in a common file, or data card (Parameters can be alternatively specified on the command line; more details are given in Input structure). This steering file is called Sherpa.yaml and some example setups (i.e. Sherpa.yaml files) are distributed with the current version of Sherpa. They can be found in the directory <prefix>/share/SHERPA-MC/Examples/, and descriptions of some of their key features can be found in the section Examples. Note It is not in general possible to reuse steering files from previous Sherpa versions. Often there are small changes in the parameter syntax of the files from one version to the next. These changes are documented in our manuals. In addition, update any custom Decaydata directories you may have used (and reapply any changes which you might have applied to the old ones), see Hadron decays. The very first step in running Sherpa is therefore to adjust all parameters to the needs of the desired simulation. The details for doing this properly are given in Parameters. In this section, the focus is on the main issues for a successful operation of Sherpa. This is illustrated by discussing and referring to the parameter settings that come in the example steering file ./Examples/V_plus_Jets/LHC_ZJets/Sherpa.yaml, cf. Z+jets production. This is a simple configuration created to show the basics of how to operate Sherpa. It should be stressed that this steering file relies on many of Sherpa’s default settings, and, as such, you should understand those settings before using it to look at physics. For more information on the settings and parameters in Sherpa, see Parameters, and for more examples see the Examples section. 2.2.1. Process selection and initialization¶ Central to any Monte Carlo simulation is the choice of the hard processes that initiate the events. These hard processes are described by matrix elements. In Sherpa, the selection of processes happens in the PROCESSES part of the steering file. Only a few 2->2 reactions have been hard-coded. They are available in the EXTRA_XS module. The more usual way to compute matrix elements is to employ one of Sherpa’s automated tree-level generators, AMEGIC++ and Comix, see Basic structure. If no matrix-element generator is selected, using the ME_GENERATORS tag, then Sherpa will use whichever generator is capable of calculating the process, checking Comix first, then AMEGIC++ and then EXTRA_XS. Therefore, for some processes, several of the options are used. In this example, however, all processes will be calculated by Comix. To begin with the example, the Sherpa run has to be started by changing into the <prefix>/share/SHERPA-MC/Examples/V_plus_Jets/LHC_ZJets/ directory and executing $ <prefix>/bin/Sherpa You may also run from an arbitrary directory, employing <prefix>/bin/Sherpa --path=<prefix>/share/SHERPA-MC/Examples/V_plus_Jets/LHC_ZJets. In the example, an absolute path is passed to the optional argument –path. It may also be specified relative to the current working directory. If it is not specified at all, the current working directory is understood. For good book-keeping, it is highly recommended to reserve different subdirectories for different simulations as is demonstrated with the example setups. If AMEGIC++ is used, Sherpa requires an initialization run, where C++ source code is written to disk. This code must be compiled into dynamic libraries by the user by running the makelibs script in the working directory. Alternatively, if scons is installed, you may invoke <prefix>/bin/make2scons and run scons install. After this step Sherpa is run again for the actual cross section integrations and event generation. For more information on and examples of how to run Sherpa using AMEGIC++, see Running Sherpa with AMEGIC++. If the internal hard-coded matrix elements or Comix are used, and AMEGIC++ is not, an initialization run is not needed, and Sherpa will calculate the cross sections and generate events during the first run. As the cross sections are integrated, the integration over phase space is optimized to arrive at an efficient event generation. Subsequently events are generated if a number of events is passed to the optional argument --events or set in the Sherpa.yaml file with the EVENTS parameters. The generated events are not stored into a file by default; for details on how to store the events see Event output formats. Note that the computational effort to go through this procedure of generating, compiling and integrating the matrix elements of the hard processes depends on the complexity of the parton-level final states. For low multiplicities (2->2,3,4), of course, it can be followed instantly. Usually more than one generation run is wanted. As long as the parameters that affect the matrix-element integration are not changed, it is advantageous to store the cross sections obtained during the generation run for later use. This saves CPU time especially for large final-state multiplicities of the matrix elements. Per default, Sherpa stores these integration results in a directory called Results/. The name of the output directory can be customised via Results directory <prefix>/bin/Sherpa -r <result>/ or with RESULT_DIRECTORY: <result>/ in the steering file, see RESULT_DIRECTORY. The storage of the integration results can be prevented by either using <prefix>/bin/Sherpa -g or by specifying GENERATE_RESULT_DIRECTORY: false in the steering file. If physics parameters change, the cross sections have to be recomputed. The new results should either be stored in a new directory or the <result> directory may be re-used once it has been emptied. Parameters which require a recomputation are any parameters affecting the Models, Matrix elements or Selectors. Standard examples are changing the magnitude of couplings, renormalisation or factorisation scales, changing the PDF or centre-of-mass energy, or, applying different cuts at the parton level. If unsure whether a recomputation is required, a simple test is to temporarily use a different value for the RESULT_DIRECTORY option and check whether the new integration numbers (statistically) comply with the stored ones. A warning on the validity of the process libraries is in order here: it is absolutely mandatory to generate new library files, whenever the physics model is altered, i.e. particles are added or removed and hence new or existing diagrams may or may not anymore contribute to the same final states. Also, when particle masses are switched on or off, new library files must be generated (however, masses may be changed between non-zero values keeping the same process libraries). The best recipe is to create a new and separate setup directory in such cases. Otherwise the Process and Results directories have to be erased: $ rm -rf Process/ Results/ In either case one has to start over with the whole initialization procedure to prepare for the generation of events. 2.2.2. The example set-up: Z+Jets at the LHC¶ The setup file (Sherpa.yaml) provided in ./Examples/V_plus_Jets/LHC_ZJets/ can be considered as a standard example to illustrate the generation of fully hadronised events in Sherpa, cf. Z+jets production. Such events will include effects from parton showering, hadronisation into primary hadrons and their subsequent decays into stable hadrons. Moreover, the example chosen here nicely demonstrates how Sherpa is used in the context of merging matrix elements and parton showers [HKSS09]. In addition to the aforementioned corrections, this simulation of inclusive Drell-Yan production (electron-positron channel) will then include higher-order jet corrections at the tree level. As a result the transverse-momentum distribution of the Drell-Yan pair and the individual jet multiplicities as measured by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the LHC can be well described. Before event generation, the initialization procedure as described in Process selection and initialization has to be completed. The matrix-element processes included in the setup are the following: proton proton -> parton parton -> electron positron + up to four partons In the PROCESSES list of the steering file this translates into .. code-block:: yaml 93 93 -> 90 90 93{4}: Order: {QCD: Any, EW: 2} CKKW: 30 The physics model for these processes is the Standard Model (SM) which is the default setting of the parameter MODEL and is therefore not set explicitly. Fixing the order of electroweak couplings to 2, matrix elements of all partonic subprocesses for Drell-Yan production without any and with up to two extra QCD parton emissions will be generated. Proton–proton collisions are considered at beam energies of 3.5 TeV. The default PDF used by Sherpa is CT14. Model parameters and couplings can all be defined in the Sherpa.yaml file. Similarly, the way couplings are treated can be defined. As no options are set the default parameters and scale setting procedures are used. The QCD radiation matrix elements have to be regularised to obtain meaningful cross sections. This is achieved by specifying CKKW: 30 when defining the process in Sherpa.yaml. Simultaneously, this tag initiates the ME-PS merging procedure. To eventually obtain fully hadronised events, the FRAGMENTATION setting has been left on it’s default value Ahadic (and therefore been omitted from the steering file), which will run Sherpa’s cluster hadronisation, and the DECAYMODEL setting has it’s default value Hadrons, which will run Sherpa’s hadron decays. Additionally corrections owing to photon emissions are taken into account. To run this example set-up, use the $ <prefix>/bin/Sherpa command as described in Running Sherpa. Sherpa displays some output as it runs. At the start of the run, Sherpa initializes the relevant model, and displays a table of particles, with their PDG codes and some properties. It also displays the Particle containers, and their contents. The other relevant parts of Sherpa are initialized, including the matrix element generator(s). The Sherpa output will look like: Welcome to Sherpa, <user name> on <host name>. Initialization of framework underway. [...] Random::SetSeed(): Seed set to 1234 [...] Beam_Spectra_Handler : type = Monochromatic*Monochromatic for P+ ((4000,0,0,4000)) and P+ ((4000,0,0,-4000)) PDF set 'ct14nn' loaded for beam 1 (P+). PDF set 'ct14nn' loaded for beam 2 (P+). Initialized the ISR. Standard_Model::FixEWParameters() { Input scheme: 2 alpha(m_Z) scheme, input: 1/\alphaQED(m_Z), m_W, m_Z, m_h, widths Ren. scheme: 2 alpha(m_Z) Parameters: sin^2(\theta_W) = 0.222928 - 0.00110708 i vev = 243.034 - 3.75492 i } Running_AlphaQED::PrintSummary() { Setting \alpha according to EW scheme 1/\alpha(0) = 128.802 1/\alpha(def) = 128.802 } One_Running_AlphaS::PrintSummary() { Setting \alpha_s according to PDF perturbative order 2 \alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.118 } [...] Hadron_Init::Init(): Initializing kf table for hadrons. Initialized the Fragmentation_Handler. Initialized the Soft_Collision_Handler. Initialized the Shower_Handler. [...] Matrix_Element_Handler::BuildProcesses(): Looking for processes .. done Matrix_Element_Handler::InitializeProcesses(): Performing tests .. done Matrix_Element_Handler::InitializeProcesses(): Initializing scales done Initialized the Matrix_Element_Handler for the hard processes. Primordial_KPerp::Primordial_KPerp() { scheme = 0 beam 1: P+, mean = 1.1, sigma = 0.914775 beam 2: P+, mean = 1.1, sigma = 0.914775 } Initialized the Beam_Remnant_Handler. Hadron_Decay_Map::Read: Initializing HadronDecays.dat. This may take some time. Initialized the Hadron_Decay_Handler, Decay model = Hadrons [...] R Then Sherpa will start to integrate the cross sections. The output will look like: Process_Group::CalculateTotalXSec(): Calculate xs for '2_2__j__j__e-__e+' (Comix) Starting the calculation at 11:58:56. Lean back and enjoy ... . 822.035 pb +- ( 16.9011 pb = 2.05601 % ) 5000 ( 11437 -> 43.7 % ) full optimization: ( 0s elapsed / 22s left ) [11:58:56] 841.859 pb +- ( 11.6106 pb = 1.37916 % ) 10000 ( 18153 -> 74.4 % ) full optimization: ( 0s elapsed / 21s left ) [11:58:57] ... The first line here displays the process which is being calculated. In this example, the integration is for the 2->2 process, parton, parton -> electron, positron. The matrix element generator used is displayed after the process. As the integration progresses, summary lines are displayed, like the one shown above. The current estimate of the cross section is displayed, along with its statistical error estimate. The number of phase space points calculated is displayed after this (10000 in this example), and the efficiency is displayed after that. On the line below, the time elapsed is shown, and an estimate of the total time till the optimisation is complete. In square brackets is an output of the system clock. When the integration is complete, the output will look like: ... 852.77 pb +- ( 0.337249 pb = 0.0395475 % ) 300000 ( 313178 -> 98.8 % ) integration time: ( 19s elapsed / 0s left ) [12:01:35] 852.636 pb +- ( 0.330831 pb = 0.038801 % ) 310000 ( 323289 -> 98.8 % ) integration time: ( 19s elapsed / 0s left ) [12:01:35] 2_2__j__j__e-__e+ : 852.636 pb +- ( 0.330831 pb = 0.038801 % ) exp. eff: 13.4945 % reduce max for 2_2__j__j__e-__e+ to 0.607545 ( eps = 0.001 ) with the final cross section result and its statistical error displayed. Sherpa will then move on to integrate the other processes specified in the run card. When the integration is complete, the event generation will start. As the events are being generated, Sherpa will display a summary line stating how many events have been generated, and an estimate of how long it will take. When the event generation is complete, Sherpa’s output looks like: Event 10000 ( 72 s total ) = 1.20418e+07 evts/day In Event_Handler::Finish : Summarizing the run may take some time. +----------------------------------------------------+ \| \| \| Total XS is 900.147 pb +- ( 8.9259 pb = 0.99 % ) \| \| \| +----------------------------------------------------+ A summary of the number of events generated is displayed, with the total cross section for the process. The generated events are not stored into a file by default; for details on how to store the events see Event output formats. 2.2.3. Parton-level event generation with Sherpa¶ Sherpa has its own tree-level matrix-element generators called AMEGIC++ and Comix. Furthermore, with the module PHASIC++, sophisticated and robust tools for phase-space integration are provided. Therefore Sherpa obviously can be used as a cross-section integrator. Because of the way Monte Carlo integration is accomplished, this immediately allows for parton-level event generation. Taking the LHC_ZJets setup, users have to modify just a few settings in Sherpa.yaml and would arrive at a parton-level generation for the process gluon down-quark to electron positron and down-quark, to name an example. When, for instance, the options “EVENTS: 0” and “OUTPUT: 2” are added to the steering file, a pure cross-section integration for that process would be obtained with the results plus integration errors written to the screen. For the example, the process definition in PROCESSES simplifies to - 21 1 -> 11 -11 1: Order: {QCD: Any, EW: 2} with all other settings in the process block removed. And under the assumption to start afresh, the initialization procedure has to be followed as before. Picking the same collider environment as in the previous example there are only two more changes before the Sherpa.yaml file is ready for the calculation of the hadronic cross section of the process g d to e- e+ d at LHC and subsequent parton-level event generation with Sherpa. These changes read SHOWER_GENERATOR: None, to switch off parton showering, FRAGMENTATION: None, to do so for the hadronisation effects, MI_HANDLER: None, to switch off multiparton interactions, and ME_QED: {ENABLED: false}, to switch off resummed QED corrections onto the $Z \rightarrow e^- e^+$ decay. Additionally, the non-perturbative intrinsic transverse momentum may be wished to not be taken into account, therefore set BEAM_REMNANTS: false. 2.2.4. Multijet merged event generation with Sherpa¶ For a large fraction of LHC final states, the application of reconstruction algorithms leads to the identification of several hard jets. Calculations therefore need to describe as accurately as possible both the hard jet production as well as the subsequent evolution and the interplay of multiple such topologies. Several scales determine the evolution of the event. Various such merging schemes have been proposed: [CKKW01], [Lon02], [MMP02], [Kra02], [MMPT07], [LL08], [HKSS09], [HRT09], [HN10], [HKSS11], [LP12], [HKSS13], [GHK+13], [LPb], [LPa]. Comparisons of the older approaches can be found e.g. in [H+], [A+08]. The currently most advanced treatment at tree-level, detailed in [HKSS09], [HSS10], [CGH10], is implemented in Sherpa. How to setup a multijet merged calculation is detailed in most Examples, eg. W+jets production, Z+jets production or Top quark (pair) + jets production. 2.2.5. Running Sherpa with AMEGIC++¶ When Sherpa is run using the matrix element generator AMEGIC++, it is necessary to run it twice. During the first run (the initialization run) Feynman diagrams for the hard processes are constructed and translated into helicity amplitudes. Furthermore suitable phase-space mappings are produced. The amplitudes and corresponding integration channels are written to disk as C++ source code, placed in a subdirectory called Process. The initialization run is started using the standard Sherpa executable, as described in Running Sherpa. The relevant command is $ <prefix>/bin/Sherpa The initialization run stops with the message “New libraries created. Please compile.”, which is nothing but the request to carry out the compilation and linking procedure for the generated matrix-element libraries. The makelibs script, provided for this purpose and created in the working directory, must be invoked by the user (see ./makelibs -h for help): $ ./makelibs Note that the following tools have to be available for this step: autoconf, automake and libtool. Alternatively, if scons is installed, you may invoke <prefix>/bin/make2scons and run scons install. If scons was detected during the compilation of Sherpa, also makelibs uses scons per default (can be forced to use autotools by ./makelibs -s). Another option is ./makelibs -m, which creates one library per subprocess. This can be useful for very complex processes, in particular if the default combined library generation fails due to a limit on the number of command line arguments. Note that this option requires that Sherpa is run with AMEGIC_LIBRARY_MODE: 0 (default: 1). Afterwards Sherpa can be restarted using the same command as before. In this run (the generation run) the cross sections of the hard processes are evaluated. Simultaneously the integration over phase space is optimized to arrive at an efficient event generation. 2.3. Cross section determination¶ To determine the total cross section, in particular in the context of multijet merging with Sherpa, the final output of the event generation run should be used, e.g. +-----------------------------------------------------+ \| \| \| Total XS is 1612.17 pb +- ( 8.48908 pb = 0.52 % ) \| \| \| +-----------------------------------------------------+ Note that the Monte Carlo error quoted for the total cross section is determined during event generation. It, therefore, might differ substantially from the errors quoted during the integration step, and it can be reduced simply by generating more events. In contrast to plain fixed order results, Sherpa’s total cross section in multijet merging setups (MEPS, MENLOPS, MEPS@NLO) is composed of values from various fixed order processes, namely those which are combined by applying the multijet merging, see Multijet merged event generation with Sherpa. In this context, it is important to note: The higher multiplicity tree-level cross sections determined during the integration step are meaningless by themselves, only the inclusive cross section printed at the end of the event generation run is to be used. Sherpa total cross sections have leading order accuracy when the generator is run in LO merging mode (MEPS), in NLO merging (MENLOPS, MEPS@NLO) mode they have NLO accuracy. 2.3.1. Differential cross sections from single events¶ To calculate the expectation value of an observable defined through a series of cuts and requirements each event produced by Sherpa has to be evaluated whether it meets the required criteria. The expectation value is then given by \[\langle O\rangle = \frac{1}{N_\text{trial}} \cdot \sum_i^n {w_i(\Phi_i) O(\Phi_i)}.\] Therein the $w_i(\Phi_i)$ are the weight of the event with the phase space configuration $\Phi_i$ and $O(\Phi_i)$ is the value of the observable at this point. $N_\text{trial} = \sum_i^n n_{\text{trial,i}}$ is the sum of number of trials $n_\text{trial,i}$ of all events. A good cross check is to reproduce the inclusive cross section as quoted by Sherpa (see above). In case of unweighted events one might want to rescale the uniform event weight to unity using w_norm. The above equation then reads \[\langle O \rangle = \frac{w_\text{norm}}{N_\text{trial}} \cdot \sum_i^n{\frac{w_i(\Phi_i)}{w_\text{norm} O(\Phi_i)}}\] wherein $\frac{w_i(\Phi_i)}{w_norm} = 1$, i.e. the sum simply counts how many events pass the selection criteria of the observable. If however, PartiallyUnweighted event weights or Enhance_Factor or Enhance_Observable are used, this is no longer the case and the full form needs to be used. All required quantities, $w_i$, $w_\text{norm}$ and $n_{\text{trial},i}$, accompany each event and are written e.g. into the HepMC output (cf. Event output formats).
0.998706	So far the Primary and macronutrients have been addressed. While the micronutrient requirements of most plants are much less, and in most soils are abundant, they are still necessary for successful plant growth. Sometimes there are deficiencies and those elements need to be replenished. These micronutrients often become depleted when plant materials containing the elements are discarded, rather than worked back into the soil. This is another reason for composting, thus returning the elements to the soil. The micronutrients can be classified into two groups: The metals (positive ions cations) Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, & Zn. and the negatively charged or neutral nutrients, (B, Cl, Mo). The first group (metals) are similar as to how they react in the soil. Even though these metals are present in the soil, most are not readily available to the plant, as they are bound tightly to the soil surface. The plant takes up the metals as positive-two ions (e.g. Cu++). Copper is immobile in the plant and symptoms show up in the new growth. Excess copper can be highly toxic and it should not be added to the soil unless the need is established. Copper deficiency symptoms are: * Stunted growth * Dieback in terminal shoots * Wilting & necrosis of leaf tips * Poor pigmentation (blue-green leaves) * Loss of turgor Excess symptoms are: * Reduced growth, necrosis Iron is essential in photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, and cell division. It is commonly deficient in Western soils that have a pH greater than 7.0. It is not mobile in plants and the symptoms occur in the young leaves. Deficiency symptoms are: * Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves (green veins) * Twig dieback * Reduced growth * Stems slender * Defoliation & twig dieback * Symptoms similar to manganese deficiency Manganese is an activator for enzymes in plant growth, and is a catalyst with Iron in chlorophyll synthesis. It is mobile in the soil but only slightly mobile in plants. Deficiency symptoms are: * Interveinal, marginal chlorosis of young leaves * Interveinal necrotic spots * No sharp distinction with veins * Curled leaf margins * Similar to Fe deficiencies Excess symptoms are: * May induce Fe deficiency * Loss of foliage color, bronzing of leaf margins * Necrotic areas Nickel is important for nitrogen metabolism and is a recent addition to the list of plant nutrients. Nickel is immobile in plants. Deficiency symptoms (under research conditions) can be: * Leaf tip chlorosis * Death of the meristem Excess symptoms * Induces Fe & Zn deficiencies Zinc is an essential component of the plants enzyme systems. It controls the synthesis of indole-acetic acid (IAA), and has a role in chlorophyll synthesis. It is less available at cool temperatures, and is marginally mobile in plants. Western soils (pH > 7.0) are usually deficient.
0.999959	Data Center migration involves moving assets from an existing data center, either hardware or software, to another data location. Data center migrations are important for business because most applications outgrow the laid-out infrastructure over time. Some companies require migrating to increase their data storage capacities, while others unveil new features and services. Data center consolidation from TPMs like CentricsIT allows businesses to run more economically and efficiently. With the business infrastructure changing over time, you might consider moving from a private cloud to another cloud solution, moving to a new premise, or data center consolidation. Whichever it is, you will need to have an effective plan to ensure that your data center migration goes without a hitch. Here are some of the best practices to ensure smooth data migration. Come up with a plan A well-laid-out plan will ensure that your migration is successful. Planning will involve identifying the type of migration and processes that the task will need to take up. If your organization is planning a data center migration, start by appointing a Project Manager to lead your team for the migration project. Have a team that includes the technical staff that is familiar with the current data center. It is important to make sure that the staff is knowledgeable about the proposed data center to plan for the migration efficiently. Remember to consult professionals who have experience in data migrations. Identify the cost, scope, and time You will find that software migrations are more straightforward than relocating hardware. For every migration, you need to assess and identify the best-suited solution for budget and requirements. The project teams should develop a detailed plan with a detailed work structure for every team member. If you miss a task, you might risk causing failure of the whole migration. Ensure you identify the dependencies, estimates, and risks associated with every task. Also, come up with a budget for the project plan while identifying the cost associated with every task. This will give you a clear picture of the migration cost. Create a data center migration list The migration list should have all the critical aspects of the migration. When the team follows the lists during the migration, it will ensure that no task is left undone. The checklist should contain the information of the task to be performed and the overseeing officer. It should also consist of the success criteria and mitigation actions in case of failures. Having a detailed checklist increases the chances of success for the whole operation. Verify the target data center The proposed data center may promise to be great on paper, but the databases and applications may have a small mismatch during deployment, which can compromise the whole project. A pre-production assessment for the proposed infrastructures will ensure full functionality after migration. Also, look out for vendor recommendations since they will offer the best advice with their experiences with migrations. No two migrations are the same; however, you are guaranteed success if you follow a laid-out plan from previously successful data migrations. Ensure you customize your migration plan according to the need of your organization.
0.944369	Kevin Koe shoots a stone during the fourth draw of the Masters on Oct. 19, 2021, in Oakville, Ont. (Anil Mungal) Koe clips McEwen to stay in A Event of Masters Posted: Oct 19, 2021 In: Masters By: Jonathan Brazeau OAKVILLE, Ont. — Calgary’s Team Kevin Koe edged Winnipeg’s Team Mike McEwen 7-6 in an extra end Tuesday to remain in the A Event of the Masters at Sixteen Mile Sports Complex. The season-opening Pinty’s Grand Slam of Curling tournament features a triple knockout stage where teams must win three games before they lose three in order to qualify for the playoffs. It’s also the first GSOC event since January 2020 with fans in the stands. The Masters was cancelled last season due to the COVID-19 pandemic and two GSOC events were held in the Calgary bubble in April that was closed to the public. Team Koe second John Morris said it’s a way better atmosphere with fans cheering them on after every shot. “I know that it’s still Tuesday, so we probably haven’t seen a lot of the fans in the GTA just yet but it feels great to have some fans back,” Morris said. “It’s a bit more normal, that’s what we like. We don’t like silence. In the bubble, you could hear a guy going to the washroom. It was so quiet. “This is what we play for and it’s a lot more exciting for us to have some fans. This is great that the Slams are back and that we’re going to some great venues that are going to have some fans again.” It was a back-and-forth battle between two of the top teams in Canada. Koe started with the hammer, but McEwen got on the board first with a steal in the opening end. The teams alternated deuces in the second and third and Koe took two more points in the fourth to take a 4-3 lead heading into the break. After singles back and forth in the fifth and sixth, McEwen gave up a point in the seventh to fall behind 6-4 but retain the hammer for the eighth. The strategy paid off: Koe missed a runback in the eighth end that allowed McEwen to make an open hit and score the tying two points to force OT. Tick shots are not allowed in the eighth or extra ends during the Masters, which was something that nearly cost Team Koe. However, Koe prevailed in the end bumping enough of McEwen’s shot rock and rolling just light enough to count. “We didn’t read the rules properly, so we didn’t know about that tick shot in the extra end … but we battled,” Morris said. “(Third) BJ (Neufeld) made a wonderful double there in the extra and Kevin made a great last shot. “Big win, now we’re still in A side. You always want to stay there as long as you can in this triple knockout format.” Game! @TeamKevinKoe score a single in the extra end to edge @TeamMcEwen 7-6 and stay in the A Event of the #MastersGSOC. #curling pic.twitter.com/LjrHTiEwjZ — Pinty's Grand Slam of Curling (@grandslamcurl) October 20, 2021 Elsewhere the fourth draw, Team Matt Dunstone of Regina began their Masters title defence with a 7-3 win over Switzerland’s Team Peter de Cruz. Dunstone captured his first GSOC men’s championship at the Masters two years ago in North Bay, Ont., and said it’s hard to believe. “It feels like that was forever ago in North Bay, but we’re just so happy to be back,” Dunstone said. “To have fans in the stands here clap at the end of the game there, those are the things we certainly missed the last 18, 24 months or so. It feels really good to get off to a nice start here and hopefully keep going tomorrow.” “You don’t appreciate something until it’s gone and we totally appreciate our fan support,” he added. “To have that back just gets you that much more motivated when you get in those moments to make a big shot. So, hopefully we get a chance to make a few of those big shots this week and relive those moments.” Dunstone blanked the first couple ends and his patience paid off converting for a deuce in the third. De Cruz was held to single in the fourth and Dunstone pulled away with a three-ender in the fifth. De Cruz took two in the sixth but shook hands after Dunstone matched with a deuce in the seventh. World No. 1 Team Brad Jacobs of Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., defeated Japan’s Team Yuta Matsumura 5-3 and Winnipeg’s Team Jason Gunnlaugson topped reigning world champions Team Niklas Edin of Sweden 7-5. The Masters resumes Wednesday with Draw 5 at 8 a.m. ET. NOTES: The Masters is the first of five events on the 2021-22 Pinty’s Grand Slam of Curling schedule and features 16 of the top men’s teams and 16 of the top women’s teams from around the world. … Triple knockout play runs through to Saturday morning. The quarterfinals and semifinals are also Saturday with both finals set for Sunday. … Tickets are available at masters.goigniter.com. … Broadcast coverage begins Thursday at 11 a.m. ET on Sportsnet, Sportsnet NOW (Canada) and Yare (international).
0.992505	What is the mood of this song? Why was Dylan angry? Who is he angry at? How would you summarize the message of this song in one sentence? What were the parents criticizing about their sons and their daughters? Why couldn't they understand? How were the times changing when this song was written? Aren't the times always changing? What was different about the 1960s, if anything? What was the "Generation Gap"? What did young people mean by "Don't trust anyone over 30"? Was the Generation Gap something new or had it always existed? Does a Generation Gap exist today? Why? What metaphors does Dylan use to describe how times were changing? Flood, wheel, battle. What literary allusions can you find? Why do you think the folk music community criticized Dylan when he started to use the electric guitar in 1965? What songs today express the same message and mood as "The Times They Are A-Changin'"? "The Times They Are A-Changin'" performed by Bob Dylan on The Essential Bob Dylan, New York: Columbia [C2K85168], © 2000. Available on Itunes, Spotify, and YouTube. To learn more about Bob Dylan, visit his official website. Rights have not been secured to reprint the words for this song. Please consult this online source: http://bobdylan.com/songs/times-they-are-changin/ Sheet music cover for "Times They Are A-Changin'." Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in Duluth, Minnesota, in 1941. He changed his name, adopting the name of the poet Dylan Thomas, when he began performing in coffeehouses in Greenwich Village in 1962. He had moved to New York in 1961 and spent time with Woody Guthrie, who was hospitalized with Huntington's chorea, the disease that would claim his life. Dylan became a major contributor to the folk scene in Greenwich Village, where his songs were compared to Guthrie's and Pete Seeger's. Joan Baez began recording his songs and taking him on tour. Dylan's style changed several times during his career, from folk to popular to rock. "The Times They Are A-Changin'," the most famous of Dylan's songs from his "folk" period, was written during a time when his songs were turning intensely political. While his old friends in Minneapolis were advising him to "steer clear" of protest music, Dylan argued that the message was more important than the music. "The Times They Are A-Changin'" has been described as "apocalyptic" with numerous references to the Bible. Most notable is the New Testament allusion, "Many who are first will be last, and the last, first" (Mark 10:30, Matthew 19:27). Although this is one of his most popular and best crafted songs, Dylan avoided performing it after the assassination of President Kennedy. In 1965 the song became a favorite of students and pop audiences who heard the lyrics as a statement of the ever-widening generation gap. The song was adopted by the civil rights movement, as well. Ask an adult who was in his or her teens or twenties in the 1960s to talk about the feelings they had then about the older generation and the memories this song brings up. Ask if they think times really did change in the 1960s and whether the change was for better or worse. After asking permission, write down the stories to share.
0.960036	George Holland (1829 – 1883) was my maternal great great grandfather. When I began my ancestral journey, I knew nothing about him. In 2016 when on holiday in South Australia, we stopped on the main road a few kilometres north of Clare, where George Holland had a farm. My great grandmother Margaret Holland was born there in 1861, the 5th child to be born in South Australia. As I gazed at the land that was once their farm, I wondered what their lives were like in 1861. The exact location of the Holland farm, Sections 48 and 49 on the road north of Clare. This is what it looked like in September 2016 George Holland is buried in the Jamestown cemetery. As I stood beside his grave, I realised how little I knew about his life. What county was he from in Ireland? Why did he emigrate to the far-away colony of South Australia? Holland family graves, Jamestown Cemetery Some ancestors are very elusive. It can be very difficult to find any trace of them in the records. This was not the case with George Holland. The Holland family were tenants on the estate of Evelyn John Shirley (1788-1856). This estate was located in the southern part of County Monaghan in the Province of Ulster. It was the largest estate in the county, covering 26,000 acres with a tenant population exceeding 20,000 people in the early 1840s. As a family history researcher I was delighted to find that a vast archive of documents relating to the affairs of the Shirley estate was deposited in the Public Records Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI) in 1982. The Shirley papers document generations of history across several hundred years. Of particular interest to me was the detailed information on the assisted emigration from the Shirley estate between the years 1843-1854, when 2,000 people were assisted to go to the United States, Canada, England and Australia. Even more importantly, there is material relating specifically to two ships, the Constance and the Trafalgar which carried Shirley emigrants to South Australia in August and December 1849. My ancestor George Holland and his brother Peter were passengers on the Constance. The Shirley estate had been in the hands of the Shirley family since 1646. The original Irish owners of the land were dispossessed in 1576 when Queen Elizabeth I granted this estate and the neighbouring Bath estate to the First Earl of Essex, Walter Deveraux.[1] When the third Earl of Essex died in 1646 leaving no heirs, his estate passed to his two sisters, one of whom was married to Sir Henry Shirley. The Shirleys lived on their English estate, Ettington Park, near Stratford-upon-Avon, County Warwickshire and their estate in Ireland was managed by land agents for hundreds of years. In 1826, Evelyn John Shirley commenced building a mansion on the estate, Lough Fea House, which still stands today. From 1829 onwards, Evelyn John Shirley and his family spent a few months each summer in residence at Lough Fea, though the house was not finally completed until 1837. Lough Fea House, near Carrickmacross, County Monaghan Source: National Library of Ireland. No copyright restrictions Background to the emigration of George and Peter Holland The vast majority of tenants on the estate were living at subsistence level in the mid-19th century. Ninety-three percent of the tenants were Catholic, a proportion utterly different from other large estates in Ulster where most tenants were Protestants. The poor quality of housing meant that diseases such as typhus, dysentery and typhoid fever were common. The agent managing the estate between the years 1830 and 1843, Alexander Mitchell, was a tyrant who was feared and hated. Upon taking up his appointment, he surveyed the estate and increased rents by as much as 30 per cent. He infringed on the tenants’ ancient rights to cut peat on bog land to use for fuel for heating and cooking. He trampled on the rights of the Catholic tenants, particularly in regard to the education of their children, and being the agent of an absentee landlord there was no limit to his authority. Mitchell died suddenly in 1843 of apoplexy in Monaghan town while attending the Spring Assizes as a member of the Grand Jury. It was recorded that when news of his death made its way to the inhabitants of the Shirley estate, bonfires were lit on every hilltop to celebrate the death of the ‘unscrupulous monster’.[2] Mitchell’s successor, William Steuart Trench did a survey of the estate in 1843 when he assumed office. He reported that having visited a great number of homes across the estate he found that ‘even in Ireland, it has never fallen to my lot to witness destitution to the same degree and over such a large extent, as I have seen it on this property.[3] Trench was a strong advocate of assisted emigration as a way of reducing the numbers of poor tenants who were a drain on the estate. Following the passage of the Poor Law in 1838, workhouses were constructed throughout the country to house the poor. The workhouse in Carrickmacross opened in 1840. The Poor Law tax bore most heavily on estates with large pauper populations. Agents and landowners calculated that it would cost less to send paupers to the New World than to maintain them in the workhouse for a year. The records of those who were assisted refer constantly to the landholding status of the potential emigrant and that he/she will give up the land or has had his/her house knocked down. Among the petitions from the poor seeking assistance to emigrate there are many poignant examples of small farmers who had had their cottages demolished and were left penniless and homeless. Landowners wished to consolidate their estates by getting rid of tenants on the smallest plots of land. Evelyn John Shirley and his agent George Morant were strongly criticised for their eviction policies during the famine. County Monaghan suffered greatly during the Famine. The population fell by 29 per cent between the years 1841 and 1851, from 200,407 to 141,758.[4] Yet even during the Famine, tenants were being ejected from their homes. Estate papers indicate that between 1846 and 1856, there were over 650 ejectment processes served on tenants. In the decade 1841-51 the population of the Shirley estate decreased by 44 per cent while the number of houses decreased by a substantial 42 per cent.[5] It is difficult to comprehend the suffering which lies behind these figures. Some of those emigrants who were ‘key’ tenants from the point of view of farm consolidation on the estate, had to be coaxed and cajoled to go. This was especially true of the earlier forties, and of the Australian emigration in 1849.[6] The policy of assisted emigration left an indefinable scar on local folklore. It was often depicted as highly exploitative of pauper tenants who were ‘exiled’, ‘rejected’, ‘dispossessed’ and ‘exterminated’ from their land.[7] This may not be entirely true. It was the memory constructed by those left behind and does not reflect the level of popular support for assisted emigration at the time. This support is evident in the numerous petitions to the Shirley estate office by people appealing for assistance to emigrate. George Holland was born on 23 June 1829 in the townland of Latinalbany, near Carrickmacross. His parents were Patrick and Catherine Holland. The townland of Latinalbany, in the civil parish of Magheross. The size of the townland was 182 acres. Source: https://www.townlands.ie/monaghan/farney/magheross/carrickmacross-rural/latinalbany/ There is a document, dated 2 July 1845 granting Patrick Holland a lease for 16 acres, 32 perches in the townland of Latinalbany for a yearly rent of £10-14-0. Patrick Holland died sometime before December 1846. A cottier named Patrick Byrne then lived on the property. He was a son- in- law of Patrick Holland.[8] In 1849 the names of Peter, George and Ellen Holland appeared on a list of emigrants for South Australia. Beside their names was written “10 acres”, presumably the amount of land that had been given up. Assisted migrants were drawn largely from among the sons and daughters of small farmers.[9] Irish immigrants to Australia were not drawn from the poorest of the poor. Although Ellen’s name was on the list, she did not go. She was aged 17 at the time. Perhaps she decided to stay behind to care for her widowed mother. Catherine Holland died in 1852, three years after her sons left for South Australia. At some point Ellen emigrated to the United States, where she died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on 25 July 1890 aged 58. I wondered why South Australia was chosen as a destination for the Shirley emigrants, and not New Zealand or one of the other Australian colonies. The answer may lie with the family connection which Evelyn John Shirley had with the colony. In 1843 his daughter Louise Shirley had married Neill Malcolm, 13th Laird of Poltalloch estate in Argyllshire, Scotland. In 1839 Malcolm had purchased 4,000 acres of land in South Australia near Lake Alexandrina which he had named Poltalloch Station. Because of this large land purchase, Evelyn John Shirley was allowed to nominate emigrants from his estate at minimal cost. The emigrants to South Australia were subsidised by the Colonial Land and Emigration Commission in London. The cost to the Shirley estate was only £2 per head for the fare. I do not know if Peter and George had to be persuaded and cajoled to go to South Australia or if they went willingly. The list of tenants selected to emigrate to South Australia began with 335 names, but in the end only 140 people left, 95 of whom were on the Constance. The Shirley estate agent George Morant said in writing to London on 28 July I know not what the government may think of our failure in providing the full complement of Emigrants but if the people are fools enough to refuse they can not be compelled…..There could be numerous reasons why the number of selected emigrants fell so dramatically but I suspect some of them may have been reluctant to go to a destination on the far side of the earth. The Colonial Land and Emigration Commission required all emigrants bound for South Australia to be properly outfitted for the journey. The clothing requirements each emigrant had to meet before boarding the ship proved to be more costly than the Shirley estate had anticipated.[10] There were also other sundry expenses such as sheets, towels, soap and luggage boxes. The correspondence reveals that outfitting the emigrants was very troublesome for the agents and the preparations were somewhat frantic. They regarded the regulations as red tape, but their successful implementation meant that there were no coffin ships to Australia, as there were to North America. Finally, on the morning of 14 August 1849, the departing emigrants were gathered for inspection in Carrickmacross. I imagine that it was with heavy hearts that Peter and George said goodbye to their mother and sister. The emigrants then travelled to Dundalk where they took a train for the short journey to Drogheda. They stayed overnight at lodgings in Dublin and from there they sailed to Plymouth, where they boarded the Constance on 19 August 1849. Little did the departing passengers know that a horrendous voyage lay ahead of them, a voyage which became infamous in the history of sailing to Australia in the 19th century and became the subject of several official enquiries. George and Peter were to meet their future wives on the voyage of the Constance, young sisters from County Tipperary. But that is the subject for another story. Griffith’s Valuation in the 1850s and the 1901 and 1911 Census returns reveal that many Hollands continued to live in the vicinity of Carrickmacross, including Latinalbany townland itself. Perhaps I may meet some distant Holland relatives when I visit Carrickmacross. [1] http://www.irishidentity.com/stories/shirley.htm [2] http://www.irishidentity.com/stories/shirley.htm [3] Lorraine O’Reilly, ‘The Shirley estate 1814-1906 : the development and demise of a landed estate in County Monaghan’, [thesis], Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of History, 2014, p 131 [4] Ibid, p 191 [5] Patrick J Duffy ‘ “Disencumbering our crowded places”; theory and practice of estate emigration schemes in mid-nineteenth century Ireland’ in Patrick J Duffy (ed) To and From Ireland: Planned Migration Schemes c.1600-2000 (Dublin, 2004), p. 102 [6] Patrick J Duffy, Assisted Emigration from the Shirley Estate 1844-1854, Clogher Record, xiv (2), (1992), p. 17 [7] O’Reilly, op cit, p 192 [8] PRONI catalogue number D3531/S/58 (1844): Book recording names of tenants in occupation on the Shirley estate. [9] Trevor McLaughlin, Stephanie James, Simon O’Reilly, Migration to Australia mid-nineteenth century: emigration from the Shirley Estate at the time of the Famine, Clogher Record, xx (2) (2010), p.290 [10] Each of the males were allocated 5 shirts, 5 pairs of stockings, 2 pairs of shoes, 1 jacket, vest and trousers and 1 ‘suit reserved’. The females were allocated 5 shifts, 5 pairs of stockings, 2 pairs of shoes and one gown and petticoat each. Share this: Twitter Facebook Like this: Like Loading... Related Author hayesdempseyfamilystoryPosted on April 30, 2018 May 5, 2018 Categories Maternal ancestorsTags George Holland from County Monaghan 8 thoughts on “The Hollands from County Monaghan” Trevor McClaughlin says: May 1, 2018 at 1:34 pm Hi, There’s an artist from Monaghan whose blog I’ve been following. Her name is Niamh O’ Connor. There’s an active local history society in Carrickmacross too. Might be worth getting in touch beforehand if you do intend going there someday. Best wishes trevor LikeLike Reply hayesdempseyfamilystory says: May 1, 2018 at 3:20 pm Hi Trevor, Thanks for your comment. I’ll look up the local history society. I’ll be visiting Ireland in June/July, including Co. Monaghan and Carrickmacross LikeLike Reply Mary Hayes says: May 10, 2018 at 9:19 am Hi Bernadette! Re the Holland farm, Sections 48 and 49 on the road north of Clare, this looks like Stanley Flat. I know the area well, do you know the current owners? We did not know any Holland folk when we lived in the Clare Valley., except for a Father Holland, a Jesuit from Sevenhill. LikeLike Reply hayesdempseyfamilystory says: May 10, 2018 at 3:00 pm Hi Mary, Yes the area is Stanley Flat. The Hollands later moved further north and farmed near Mannanarie. The Kimber family have owned Section 49 since 1881. The home is known as “Chatswood”. LikeLike Reply Edward Holland says: January 14, 2020 at 4:13 am Hello, Bernadette, I´ve been doing research on my Holland relatives in County Monaghan. My great grandfather, Bernard Holland (1834-1885) lived in a townland called Killeyboley, outside the village of Inniskeen, very near Carrickmacross. He was a contemporary of George Holland, so I wonder if they were related. Please let me know if you came across Bernard Holland’s name in your research. Thanks and regards, Edward Holland, Madrid, Spain. LikeLike Reply hayesdempseyfamilystory says: January 17, 2020 at 2:53 pm Dear Edward, Thank you for your message. I haven’t come across Bernard Holland (1834-1885) in my research. The parents of George and Peter Holland were Patrick Holland c. 1800 – 1844 and Catherine (maiden name unknown). Patrick Holland’s parents were Redmond Holland 1758 – 18 December 1829 and Saragh (maiden name unknown) 1765 – 2 January 1831. The inscription on Redmond Holland’s headstone reads Erected by Nicholas and Arthur Hollan of Lattinalbany in memory of their father Redmond Hollan, who died 18 December 1829, aged 71 years. Also their mother Saragh Hollan, who died 2nd January 1831 aged 66 years They are buried at St.Peter and Paul Cemetery, Magheracloone. Sorry I can’t be of more help, and good luck with your research. kind regards, Bernadette LikeLike Reply Edward Holland says: January 20, 2020 at 2:27 am Hi Bernadette, Many thanks for your reply. I’ll be in touch if I do come across a connection. By the way, your post about the tenant farmers on the Shirley estate was very interesting. Best, Edward LikeLike S Low says: July 31, 2021 at 6:18 am Good evening from Edinburgh! I’ve just come across your research. I have Holland family who I have traced back to a marriage between Mary Greacen (1747 -1829) and a Mr Holland! I have three children:- Mary (1771-1851) married George Wilson and this is my line; Elizabeth who married a Mr Stitt; and Rodney. Have you been able to do any more research since writing this article? I’m off to Belfast on Sunday. Hope to hear from you, “cousin” Sally ! LikeLike Reply Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here... Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public) Name (required) Website You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Google account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Twitter account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Facebook account. ( Log Out / Change ) Cancel Connecting to %s Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. Δ Post navigation Previous Previous post: The Hayes family from County Galway Next Next post: The Voyage of the Constance Recent Posts TT Reed Family History Book Award Winner Thomas Greenough and the Green family in South Australia Irish Settlers in South Australia: The first review of my book has been published! The Hayes & O’Toole Families A Winter Wedding Copyright Bernadette Thakur and https://hayesdempseyfamilystory.wordpress.com. 2017 and ongoing. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. 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0.999894	Please remember that events described in this article are roleplay and acting. Actions done in-character do not reflect on the actual person portraying the character! Contents 1 Bio 2 Attributes 2.1 Major 2.2 Minor 2.3 Minor 3 Detriments 3.1 Major 3.2 Minor 3.3 Minor 4 Gallery 5 Links Bio Myrin is an Elven Scribe on a journey to travel the world so that he may discover what ancient secrets still lay hidden to find. Books, ink, and travel are not cheap however, and he now finds himself in the heart of human territories. To this end, he has offered his services to the crown of Arilaand as a scribe and currently makes a living serving the crown-prince of Arilaand, who is stationed out of Castle Leydford. Attributes Major Elven Scrivener: Myrin is a newly minted scribe, trained in an elven style of scrivenery. He can read, write, and converse in a number of different languages, and with time can perhaps translate those he does not know, including the ancient and arcane. He has a large repertoire of knowledge regarding the history of the world (through an elven lens), and knows the basic proper customs for most places he visits. Minor Lesser Noble of House Sylralei: As the second son of the Lesser house of Thesalor, Myrin is also a nephew to the head of House Sylralei. Being the second son of House Thesalor, he is not currently in line to hold any major appointments or prominent positions. Even still, his noble status and renowned pedigree passed down from his mother’s Sylralei bloodline does grant him a level of respect amongst those that recognize House Sylralei’s influence, as well as a small level of personal wealth, which Myrin has mostly dried up on equipment and provisions for his travels. Minor Arcane Resonance: Myrin cannot explain why, but he occasionally gets an unusual tingle down his spine and a pull at his gut when in certain places or near certain things. While Myrin himself has yet to discern the meaning behind this strange phenomenon, it is in fact an uncommon gift inherited from his father’s side of the family - a primal instinct baked into his blood that sings out when in the presence of magic. (This ability does not tell him anything specific about what an item/place does/is for, nor does it hint at any schools of magic involved, only that something is magical.) Detriments Major Esoteric Obsession: Myrin cannot turn away from the mysteries of the unknown. He must have every piece of the puzzle, and he is willing to risk life and limb to find them. No matter how many days he spends in the field or how many sleepless nights he spends researching, this obsession is never sated. Minor A Secret Scandal: Myrin was born with fairly typical traits for an elf, however he does not look like his father. In truth, his existence is the result of an affair between a half-elf/half-drow “servant” and his true-blooded elven mother Isilynor, who is sister to the Head of House Sylralei. It is a dark taboo and a secret known by only Isilynor and a select few of her closest confidants. Not even Myrin is aware of this fact. While adultery has always been whispered in the court, nothing evident has come to light as of yet. Were the truth to fall into the hands of certain members of the Elven nobility, notably his ‘father’ or king Aeiiendar, it would be dire for Myrin. If it ever escaped to the public, his and his family’s reputation would be ruined to say the least. Minor Corruptible: Due to his mired bloodline, Myrin finds himself fascinated by all things esoteric, dark or not. Much like how a scientist might cut up a cadaver to learn how the body works, Myrin does not see a moral conundrum in studying darker facets of this world, and indeed thinks it necessary in order to have a full picture of the way the world works. Although, perhaps this is just an excuse he gives himself to justify the unnatural pull he feels toward the darkness.
0.999291	Quick summary ↬ Did you know that your chosen color palette can have an impact on how much energy your website uses? Even a more environmentally friendly choice of colors can reduce the impact on the battery life of mobile devices. In this article, Michelle Barker shares advice on the not-so-obvious things you have to keep in mind when handling colors in CSS today. There’s more to color on the web than meets the eye, and it’s about to get a lot more interesting! Today, we’ll take a look at the best ways to use colors in a design system, and what we can expect from our colors in the not-too-distant future. Well-Known Color Values There are many different ways to define colors in CSS. CSS named colors are one of the simplest ways to color an element: .my-element { background-color: red; } These are very limited, and rarely fit the designs we are building! We could also use color hex (hexadecimal) values. This code gives our element a red background color: .my-element { background-color: #ff0000; } Unless you’re a color expert, hex values are very difficult to read. It’s unlikely you would be able to guess the color of an element by reading the hex value. When building a website we might be given a hex color value by a designer, but if they asked us to make it, say 20% darker, we would have a hard time doing that by adjusting the hex value, without a visual guide or color picker. RGB RGB (red, green, blue) notation is an alternative way of writing colors, giving us access to the same range of colors as hex values, in a much more readable form. We have an rgb() function in CSS for this. Colors on the web are additive, meaning the higher the proportion of red, green and blue, the lighter the resulting color will be. If we only use the red channel, the result is red: .my-element { background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); } Setting the red, green and blue channels to the highest value will result in white: .my-element { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); } We can also add an alpha channel (for transparency), by using the rgba() function: .my-element { background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5); // transparency of 50% } .my-element { background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1); // fully opaque } rgb() and rgba() allow us to “mix” colors in our code to some extent, but the results can be somewhat unpredictable. HSL More recently, we have been able to use HSL (hue, saturation, lightness) values, with the hsl() and hsla() color functions. As a developer, these are far more intuitive when it comes to adjusting color values. For example, we can get darker and lighter variants of the same color by adjusting the lightness parameter: .my-element { background-color: hsl(0deg, 100%, 20%); // dark red } .my-element { background-color: hsl(0deg, 100%, 50%); // medium red } .my-element { background-color: hsl(0deg, 100%, 80%); // light red } (Large preview) The hue parameter represents the position on a color wheel, and can be any value between 0 and 360deg. The function also accepts turn units (e.g. 0.5turn), and unitless values. The following are all valid: .my-element { background-color: hsl(180deg, 50%, 50%); } .my-element { background-color: hsl(0.5turn, 50%, 50%); } .my-element { background-color: hsl(180, 50%, 50%); } Tip: Holding down SHIFT and clicking the color swatch in the inspector in Chrome and Firefox dev tools will toggle the color value between hex, RGB and HSL! hsl() and hsla() lend themselves well to manipulation with custom properties, as we’ll see shortly. currentColor The currentColor keyword is worth a mention as another way of setting a color on an element that’s been around for a while. It effectively allows us to use the current text color of an element as a variable. It’s pretty limited when compared with custom properties, but it’s often used for setting the fill color of SVG icons, to ensure they match the text color of their parent. Read about it here. More after jump! Continue reading below ↓ Modern Color Syntax The CSS Color Module Level 4 provides us with a more convenient syntax for our color functions, which is widely supported in browsers. We no longer need the values to be comma-separated, and the rgb() and hsl() functions can take an optional alpha parameter, separated with a forward slash: .my-element { /* optional alpha value gives us 50% opacity / background-color: hsl(0 100% 50% / 0.5); } .my-element { / With no alpha value the background is fully opaque/ background-color: hsl(0 100% 50%); } New CSS Color Functions HWB HWB stands for hue, whiteness and blackness. Like HSL, the hue can be anywhere within a range of 0 to 360. The other two arguments control how much white or black is mixed into that hue, up to 100% (which would result in a totally white or totally black color). If equal amounts of white and black are mixed in, the color becomes increasingly gray. We can think of this as being similar to mixing paint. It could be especially useful for creating monochrome color palettes (Large preview) Try it out with this demo (works in Safari only): See the Pen [HWB color (Safari only)](https://codepen.io/smashingmag/pen/xxLmOgV) by Michelle Barker. See the Pen HWB color (Safari only) by Michelle Barker. LAB LAB and LCH are defined in the specification as device-independent colors. LAB is a color space that can be accessed in software like Photoshop and is recommended if you want a color to look the same on-screen as, say, printed on a t-shirt. It uses three axes: lightness, followed by the a-axis (green to red) and b-axis (blue to yellow). Lightness is expressed as a percentage, much like HSL, but can in fact exceed 100% when used with the lab() color function. Extra-bright whites can use a percentage of up to 400%. Values for the a and b axes can range from positive to negative. Two negative values will result in a color towards the green/blue end of the spectrum, while two positive values can give a more orange/red hue. .my-element { background-color: lab(80% 100 50); // reddish pink } .my-element { background-color: lab(80% -80 -100); // blue/turquoise } (Large preview) See the Pen [LAB Color (Safari only)](https://codepen.io/smashingmag/pen/JjywKNK) by Michelle Barker. See the Pen LAB Color (Safari only) by Michelle Barker. LCH LCH stands for lightness, chroma, and hue. As with LAB, lightness can be a percentage that exceeds 100%. Similar to HSL, hue can be a range between 0 and 360. Chroma represents the amount of color, and we can think of it as being similar to saturation in HSL. But chroma can exceed 100 — in fact, it’s theoretically unbounded. Example usage: .my-element { background-color: lch(80% 100 50); } .my-element { background-color: lch(80% 240 50); // this color would be outside of the displayable range of today’s browsers } However, there is a limit on how many colors browsers and monitors today can display (more on that shortly), so values above 230 are unlikely to make a difference — the Chroma is reduced until it is within range. The final color on the right is outside the displayable range (gamut), so no difference is perceived. (Large preview) Why do we need LAB and LCH when we have HSL? One reason is that using LAB or LCH, gives us access to a much larger range of colors. LCH and LAB are designed to give us access to the entire spectrum of human vision. Furthermore, HSL and RGB have a few shortcomings: they are not perceptually uniform and, in HSL, increasing or decreasing the lightness has quite a different effect depending on the hue. In this demo, we can see a stark contrast between LCH and HSL by hitting the grayscale toggle. For the HSL hue and saturation strips, there are clear differences in the perceptual lightness of each square, even though the “lightness” component of the HSL function is the same! Meanwhile, the chroma and hue strips on the LCH side have an almost-uniform perceptual lightness. By applying a grayscale filter we can see that the LCH colors (left) have an almost-uniform lightness when we adjust the chroma and hue, compared to when we adjust the hue and saturation of the HSL colors (right), where there are visible differences in lightness. (Large preview) We can also see a big difference when using LCH color for gradients. Both these gradients start and end with the same color (with LCH values converted to the HSL equivalents using this converter). But the LCH gradient goes through vibrant shades of blue and purple in the middle, whereas the HSL gradient looks muddier and washed-out by comparison. (Large preview) LAB and LCH, while perhaps being syntactically a little less intuitive, behave in a way that makes more sense to the human eye. In her article, LCH color in CSS: what, why, and how?, Lea Verou explains in detail the advantages of LCH color. She also built this LCH color picker. As with other color functions, hwb(), lab() and lch() can also take an optional alpha parameter. .my-element { background-color: lch(80% 240 50 / 0.5); // Resulting color has 50% opacity } Browser Support And Color Spaces hwb(), lab() and lch() are currently only supported in Safari. It’s possible to start using them straight away by providing a fallback for non-supporting browsers. Browsers that don’t support the color function will simple ignore the second rule: .my-element { background-color: lch(55% 102 360); / LCH color converted to RGB using Lea Verou’s tool: https://css.land/lch/ / background-color: rgb(98.38% 0% 53.33%); } If other styles depend on newer color functions being supported, we could use a feature query: .my-element { display: none; } / Only display this element if the browser supports lch() / @supports (background-color: lch(55% 102 360)) { .my-element { display: block; background-color: lch(55% 102 360); } } It’s worth noting, as Lea explains in her article, that although modern screens are capable of displaying colors beyond RGB, most browsers currently only support colors within the sRGB color space. In the LAB color demo you might notice that moving the sliders beyond a certain point doesn’t actually affect the color, even in Safari where lab() and lch() are supported. Using values outside of the sRGB range will only have an effect when hardware and browsers advance sufficiently. Safari now supports the color() function, which enables us to display colors in the P3 space, but these are limited to RGB colors for now, and don’t yet give us all the advantages of LAB and LCH. .my-element { background: rgb(98.38% 0% 53.33%); // bright pink background: color(display-p3 0.947 0 0.5295); // equivalent in P3 color space } Recommended Reading: “Wide Gamut Color in CSS with Display-P3” by Nikita Vasilyev Accessibility Once they are widely supported, perhaps LAB and LCH can help us choose more accessible color combinations. Foreground text should have the same contrast ratio with background colors with different hue or chroma values, as long as their lightness value remains the same. That’s certainly not the case at the moment with HSL colors. Color Management A wider range of color functions means we have more options when it comes to managing colors in our application. Often we require several variants of a given color in our design system, ranging from dark to light. Custom Properties CSS custom properties allow us to store values for reuse in our stylesheets. As they allow partial property values, they can be especially useful for managing and manipulating color values. HSL lends itself particularly well to custom properties, due to its intuitiveness. In the previous demo, I’m using them to adjust the hue for each segment of the color strip by calculating a --hue value based on the element’s index (defined in another custom property). li { --hue: calc(var(--i) (360 / 10)); background: hsl(var(--hue, 0) 50% 45%); } We can also do things like calculate complementary colors (colors from opposite sides of the color wheel). Plenty has been written about this, so I won’t cover old ground here, but if you’re curious then Sara Soueidan’s article on color management with HSL is a great place to start. Migrating From Hex/RGB To HSL RGB colors might serve your needs up to a point, but if you need the flexibility to be able to derive new shades from your base color palette then you might be better off switching to HSL (or LCH, once supported). I would recommend embracing custom properties for this. Note: There are plenty of online resources for converting hex or RGB values to HSL (here’s one example). Perhaps you have colors stored as Sass variables: $primary: rgb(141 66 245); When converting to HSL, we can assign custom properties for the hue, saturation and lightness values. This makes it easy to create darker or lighter, more or less saturated variants of the original color. :root { --h: 265; --s: 70%; --l: 50%; --primary: hsl(var(--h) var(--s) var(--l)); --primaryDark: hsl(var(--h) var(--s) 35%); --primaryLight: hsl(var(--h) var(--s) 75%); } HSL can be incredibly useful for creating color schemes, as detailed in the article Building a Color Scheme by Adam Argyle. In the article he creates light, dark and dim color schemes, using a brand color as a base. I like this approach because it allows for some fine-grained control over the color variant (for example, decreasing the saturation for colors in the “dark” scheme), but still retains the big advantage of custom properties: updating the brand color in just one place will be carried through to all the color schemes, so it could potentially save us a lot of work in the future. Sass Color Functions When it comes to mixing and adjusting colors, Sass has provided color functions to enable us to do just this for many years. We can saturate or desaturate, lighten or darken, even mix two colors together. These work great in some cases, but they have some limitations: firstly, we can only use them at compile-time, not for manipulating colors live in the browser. Secondly, they are limited to RGB and HSL, so they suffer from the same issues of perceptual uniformity, as we can see in this demo, where a color is increasingly desaturated yet appears increasingly lighter when converted to grayscale. The top strip has a grayscale filter applied. As we decrease the saturation of the main red color using Sass (bottom), we can see that the color actually becomes lighter. (Large preview) To ensure that the lightness remains uniform, we could use custom properties with LCH in a similar way to HSL above. li { --hue: calc(var(--i) * (360 / 10)); background: lch(50% 45 var(--hue, 0)); } Color Mixing And Manipulation Color Mixing One thing CSS doesn’t yet allow us to do is mix colors in the browser. That’s all about to change: the Level 5 CSS Color Specification (working draft) contains proposals for color mixing functions that sound rather promising. The first is the color-mix() function, which mixes two colors much like Sass’s mix() function. But color-mix() in CSS allows us to specify a color space, and uses the LCH by default, with superior mixing as a result. Update: color-mix() and color-contrast() are now available behind a flag in Safari 15! Check out this article on how to enable experimental features in Safari. The colors don’t have to be LCH when passed in as arguments either, but the interpolation will use the specified color space. We can specify how much of each color to mix, similar to gradient stops: .my-element { /* equal amounts of red and blue / background-color: color-mix(in lch, red, blue); } .my-element { / 30% red, 70% blue */ background-color: color-mix(in lch, red 30%, blue); } Color Contrast And Accessibility color-contrast() is another proposed function, which really does have huge implications for picking accessible colors. In fact, it’s designed with accessibility in mind first and foremost. It permits the browser to pick the most appropriate value from a list, by comparing it with another color. We can even specify the desired contrast ratio to ensure our color schemes meet WCAG guidelines. Colors are evaluated from left to right, and the browser picks the first color from the list that meets the desired ratio. If no colors meet the ratio, the chosen color will be the one with the highest contrast. .my-element { color: wheat; background-color: color-contrast(wheat vs bisque, darkgoldenrod, olive, sienna, darkgreen, maroon to AA); } Because this isn’t supported in any browsers right now, I’ve borrowed this example directly from the spec. when the browser evaluates the expression the resulting color will be darkgreen, as it is the first one that meets the AA contrast ratio when compared to wheat, the color of the text. Browser Support The Level 5 Color Specification is currently in Working Draft, meaning no browsers yet support the color-contrast() and color-mix() functions and their syntax is subject to change. But it certainly looks like a bright future for color on the web! Environmental Impact Of Colors Did you know that your chosen color palette can have an impact on how much energy your website uses? On OLED screens (which account for most modern TVs and laptops), darker colors will use significantly less energy than light colors — with white using the most energy, and black the least. According to Tom Greenwood, author of Sustainable Web Design, blue is also more energy-intensive than colors in the red and green areas of the spectrum. To reduce the environmental impact of your applications, consider a darker color scheme, using less blue, or enabling a dark-mode option for your users. As an added bonus, a more environmentally friendly choice of colors can also reduce the impact on the battery life of mobile devices. Hexplorer, Rob DiMarzo Learn to understand hex colors with this interactive visualization. LCH color picker, Lea Verou and Chris Lilley Get LCH colors and their RGB counterparts. HWB color picker Visualize HWB colors and convert to HSL, RGB and hex. Ally Color Tokens, Stephanie Eckles An accessible color token generator. Resources “A Nerd’s Guide To Color On The Web,” Sarah Drasner, CSS-Tricks “LCH Colors In CSS: What, Why, And How?,” Lea Verou “The Best Color Functions In CSS?,” Chris Coyier, CSS-Tricks “Building A Color Scheme,” Adam Argyle, Web.dev “Using HSL Colors In CSS,” Ahmad Shaheed, Smashing Magazine “On Switching From Hex And RGB To HSL,” Sara Soueidan “Improving Color On The Web,” Dean Jackson, Webkit Blog (vf, il) admin See author's posts Continue Reading Previous: Meet Touch Design For Mobile Interfaces, A New Smashing Book By Steven Hoober Next: Next.js Wildcard Subdomains Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must be logged in to post a comment. 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0.951739	Anne Arundel County police fatally shoot knife-wielding man in Glen Burnie home, then find an elderly woman dead inside Baltimore Police need help identifying boy found walking alone in East Baltimore What we know and don’t know on new COVID omicron variant Critical race theory controversy has decades-old roots \| GUEST COMMENTARY ‘This is just one step’: Maryland football rolls past Rutgers, 40-16, to become bowl eligible for the first time since 2016 Ravens vs. Browns staff picks: Who will win Sunday night’s Week 12 game in Baltimore? Dan Rodricks: He thought his PPP loan would be forgiven. Instead, he got a bill from his bank. \| COMMENTARY Ravens DT Calais Campbell inactive; WR Marquise ‘Hollywood’ Brown set to play vs. Browns Van crashed into Northeast Baltimore CVS in another attempted ATM robbery The Black Thanksgiving ‘trinity’: These are soul foods Maryland chefs say make the holiday history 3 takeaways from Maryland football’s 40-16 victory over Rutgers to clinch bowl eligibility Westminster's Miracle on Main Street \| PHOTOS Why days 5 to 10 are so important when you have coronavirus Advertisement Advertisement Business Baltimore City Paper up for sale By By Jamie Smith Hopkins and The Baltimore Sun Aug 26, 2013 at 10:29 PM The owner of the Baltimore City Paper said Monday that it's looking to sell as it focuses on the media market closer to its Pennsylvania base. Times-Shamrock Communications, based in Scranton, said it is marketing all five of its alternative weeklies — which cover areas outside Pennsylvania — and four daily newspapers. Advertisement "Baltimore City Paper has been a strong, profitable investment for us for many years," said Scott Lynett, Times-Shamrock's CEO, in a statement. "As we look to diversify our family's holdings, it made sense for us to offer City Paper for sale to someone who could take it to the next level of growth." The City Paper says more than 300,000 people read it weekly, but its circulation was just over 59,000 in December 2012, according to Audit Bureau of Circulations data on the Association of Alternative Newsmedia website. The paper's interim publisher — the previous publisher resigned in July — did not respond to a request for comment Monday. Advertisement Advertisement The City Paper's potential sale is just one example of a shifting local media landscape. [Most read] Baltimore Police: 7 people shot in single incident in East Baltimore on Sunday » The Baltimore Sun's owner, the Tribune Co., had been exploring a sale of its publishing assets, which include the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times and five other daily newspapers. Tribune announced last month that it will spin off its newspapers as a separate company and focus on its expanding television station business. The future of Baltimore-area Patch sites, AOL's struggling hyperlocal news organization, is up in the air as its parent company decides which of its sites nationwide should be shut down. AOL did not respond to a request for comment. In July, the tourism magazine Maryland Life said it was ceasing publication, blaming low ad sales. Last year, the longtime owner of the Baltimore Jewish Times sold the publication and Style magazine in U.S. Bankruptcy Court, and the Baltimore-based Catholic Review shifted from a weekly to a biweekly. Advertisement The pressures buffeting daily newspapers have not bypassed alternative weeklies, said Rick Edmonds, media business analyst at the Poynter Institute. The Boston Phoenix alt weekly shut down in March after 47 years, saying it could not go on in the face of "significant financial losses." The recession cut into revenue, and online advertising options keep growing. [Most read] ‘She meant the world to me’: How Ravens CB Chris Westry is finding gratitude after grief » "It's no secret that Google … Facebook, Amazon, Twitter and others are very aggressive and keep building their share in that space," Edmonds said. Tiffany Shackelford, executive director of the Association of Alternative Newsmedia, said alt-weekly leaders know the pre-Internet revenue days are gone, but she's seeing signs of a turnaround from the recession's effects. Small companies that advertise in alt weeklies are digging out of their recessionary holes, she said, and increasing interest in eating and buying locally is also good for the locally focused papers. "We just had our annual convention in Miami — it was the largest we've had in years," Shackelford said. "And there was across the board a spirit of optimism." The Baltimore Sun Media Group, which also publishes magazines, community newspapers and dozens of neighborhood web sites, launched b five years ago as a free tabloid, focusing on younger readers. It initially was published five days a week and competed against the also-free Baltimore Examiner, which folded in 2009. In 2011, b moved to a weekly publication and expanded its online presence. [Most read] Anne Arundel County police fatally shoot knife-wielding man in Glen Burnie home, then find an elderly woman dead inside » Renee Mutchnik, marketing director for the Baltimore Sun Media Group, said b has a circulation of 85,000 and is profitable. But she would not say whether the company is considering a purchase of the City Paper. "We do not comment on possible business opportunities," she said by email. The City Paper has been owned by Times-Shamrock since 1987. It began a decade earlier as City Squeeze. [email protected] twitter.com/jsmithhopkins Latest Business Baltimore City schools not ready to start enforcing employee vaccine mandates and penalties Nov 27, 2021 Baltimore’s own Ouija board gets a tribute Nov 27, 2021 William D. Hunt, former president and CEO of Yardley of London, dies Nov 25, 2021 Baltimore Sun researcher Paul McCardell contributed to this article. Newspapers Media Industry Newspaper and Magazine Business Online Advertising Bankruptcy AOL Inc. Television Industry Amazon.com Chicago Tribune Los Angeles Times Google Inc. Tribune Media Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement Latest Business Education Baltimore City schools not ready to start enforcing employee vaccine mandates and penalties Nov 27, 2021 Baltimore City Baltimore’s own Ouija board gets a tribute Nov 27, 2021 Advertisement Advertisement Most Read Baltimore Ravens ‘She meant the world to me’: How Ravens CB Chris Westry is finding gratitude after grief Crime Baltimore Police: 7 people shot in single incident in East Baltimore on Sunday Crime Anne Arundel County police fatally shoot knife-wielding man in Glen Burnie home, then find an elderly woman dead inside
0.940602	Pathologists fall slightly below the middle among all physicians, with average earnings of $239,000, according to Medscape's 2014 Compensation Report. As in previous Medscape reports, orthopedists are the earning leaders, followed by cardiologists, urologists and gastroenterologists. The average base salary for pathologists with 1-10 years of experience is $201,775; pathologists with 11-20 years of experience earned an average base salary of $260,119; pathologists with more than 30 years of professional experience earned a base salary of $279,011. The regions with the highest pathologist salaries live in the Northwest and Great Lakes regions ($256,000 and $253,000, respectively), while the lowest earners are in the Northeast and in the Southeast ($228,000 for both regions). According to Medscape, pathologists who work for office-based single-specialty groups are the highest earners (at $270,000), followed by office-based solo practitioners (at $265,000). Those in outpatient clinics make the least ($185,000), while those in academic and government positions follow next in line (at $193,000). How do pathologist salaries compare to similar careers? Pathologists earn about the same as related careers in Alaska. On average, they make less than pediatricians.
0.874473	Your web browser does not support iframes, which means that the video Unleash Your Inner Hero cannot play. × Find freedom for $16.99/month. Learn more Try it for 30 days. Learn more Let's break the cycle. Porn Creates Shame, Shame Fuels Porn Usage Shame is the feeling that we are flawed and unworthy of love. Using porn creates shame, which isolates us and we return to porn to cope. We call this the shame cycle. Covenant Eyes Helps You Break the Cycle The best way to break the cycle is to remove shame and isolation by opening up to a trusted friend and asking them to be an ally in your fight against porn. Covenant Eyes supports this relationship through Screen Accountability. The Power of Screen Accountability Our powerful software monitors your devices and sends a secure report of your screen activity to your ally. Knowing someone else is going to see your screen activity helps you have important conversations, overcome temptation, and find lasting freedom. When the Shame Cycle is Broken, Change is Possible! Covenant Eyes helps you find freedom through transparency. By sharing your struggle and connecting with a trusted friend/ally, you can break the cycle, step out of the darkness, and start living in the light. Why am I here? Choose your path by selecting an option below. Your answer will provide you with a tailored experience and suggest helpful resources. I want to overcome porn as a man I want to overcome porn as a woman I want to help a friend live porn-free I want to help my spouse live porn-free I want to help my child live porn-free Defeat Porn. Together. Covenant Eyes is designed to help you and those you love live free from pornography. Partner up to Defeat Porn Your allies will receive comprehensive reports of your screen activity, lessening the temptation to look at porn. Life-Changing Conversations Through meaningful conversations, your allies will be there to pick you up when you fall down and cheer you on when you succeed. Break Bad Habits for Good With the help of your allies, you can soar to new heights both online and offline and say goodbye to porn forever. Don't have an ally? Covenant Eyes can still help. Get Started Porn Is the Ultimate Villain Isolates you Ruins your relationships Kills your confidence Supports human trafficking Addiction forming Fuels shame and hopelessness Causes ED :( Defeat Porn With Covenant Eyes Connects you to others Restores trust Boosts confidence and peace AI detects porn on your devices Breaks the shame cycle Equips your ally to help you Helps restore sexual function 30 Day Money-Back Guarantee Get Started Words From Real Life Heroes Thousands of verified customer reviews. 30,000+ reviews “…The strategy of accountability is right on, and I am glad that now I have people around me to help me grow up in such a delicate area of my life. Thank you again!” Covenant Eyes user “…the customer support is amazing. They answered within minutes and walked me through how to adjust settings so the software was more compatible with my iPhone.” Covenant Eyes user “The accountability that Covenant Eyes provides helps me in my desire to honor God.” Covenant Eyes user “…Covenant Eyes has helped me stay on the right path and given my wife the confidence to trust for the first time in our marriage. So blessed to have this software!” Covenant Eyes user “We belong to the Light. Covenant Eyes has done more for my faith than I ever imagined. Every Christian man should use it!” Covenant Eyes user “I wouldn’t have been able to make it without this app and the team behind it. During my darkest times, they helped provide a way out. To anyone who’s considering: just try it out, and I promise you won’t regret it.” Covenant Eyes user “I love this app… Covenant Eyes keeps me accountable, and that gives me peace. Thank you for what you do; this is the most important app I have!” Covenant Eyes user “Changed my life. Getting CE on my devices was a very crucial part of my recovery from porn addiction…” Covenant Eyes user “Together with a firm, but gentle sponsor and the help of my Higher Power, I have stopped destructive online behavior. Thanks!” Covenant Eyes user “Happy to have Covenant Eyes... it gives me what I need to keep me on track!” Covenant Eyes user “I am deeply grateful for CE and the guardrails it provides for me as I battle pornography and sexual addiction. The most important way CE helps me is by empowering my ally to provide accountability and encouragement to me in my journey.” Covenant Eyes user As seen on: A Better Life Is Waiting. Easy to Install Unlimited Devices and Up to 10 Users One Low Price of $16.99/Month We've got a 30 Day Money-Back Guarantee, and you've got nothing to lose. If Covenant Eyes doesn’t help you in your fight against porn, cancel within the first 30 days and ask for a refund. Please see our user agreement for details.
0.99581	Wim Wenders's documentary "Pina" was made in 3-D, and, along with Werner Herzog's "Cave of Forgotten Dreams," it represents an artistic high point in the use of that much-maligned process. Is there something in the German visual tradition, I wonder, that drew these artists to 3-D? In any case, the low esteem in which 3-D movies are held is generally deserved. By now, we've probably all had our fill of 3-D films that seem to exist only to gouge us at the box office and are often little more than refabricated 2-D movies anyway. "Pina" began as a long-gestating idea between Wenders, one of Germany's most respected film directors, and his friend Pina Bausch, the German dancer and choreographer whose company is based in the northwestern German city of Wuppertal. When Bausch died suddenly in 2009, just as the project looked as if it was finally ready to roll, Wenders had to abruptly change course. What was intended as a collaboration with Bausch became instead a kind of testimonial featuring members of her troupe performing large excerpts from her most famous choreography. Bausch's work, which can seem alternately jagged, expressionistic, chilly, and showy, has been showcased before in the movies, notably in a 1983 documentary by Chantal Akerman ("On Tour With Pina Bausch") and in Pedro Almodóvar's "Talk to Her," which displayed her famous "Café Muller," in which dancers, to the music of Henry Purcell, fling themselves over and around wooden chairs. (This signature dance was one of the relatively rare numbers in which Bausch herself often appeared.) "Café Muller" makes its appearance in "Pina" along with many other high-profile examples of her artistry, including her choreography for Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring," which premièred in 1975 and has the dancers padding across an earth-covered stage; "Vollmond," with an onstage waterfall soaking the dancers; and "Kontakthof," which was partially filmed before a live audience. Why Russia’s troop surge near Ukraine may really be a message to the West But the locations for the dances in "Pina" often burst the bounds of the stage, utilizing high school gymnasiums, public swimming pools, forests, and, perhaps the weirdest backdrop, an industrial refinery, as a dancer en pointe swirls in ballet slippers. From my decidedly inexpert vantage point, Bausch's work, which often centers on the ravages of mortality, seems more stunning than beautiful, more intellectualized than emotional. The way she displays her dancer's movements is heavy-going, almost punitive, as if the dancers were expressionist puppets made flesh. The puppeteer motif comes through in the many interviews that Wenders has conducted, with the dancers' words dubbed on the soundtrack over their silent faces. They look like members of a secret sect. Multinational, ranging widely in age, the dancers are united by their incense-burning adoration of Bausch, whose sayings are repeated as Scripture: "Go on searching," "Dance for love," and "Dance, dance, otherwise we are lost." Bausch, of course, is not alone among choreographers in the cult-like adoration she provoked. A similar scenario could be worked up for Martha Graham, George Balanchine, Alvin Ailey, and many others. But in the context of Bausch's overall otherworldliness, the testimonials here feel more spooky than enlightening, especially since, except for a few archival excerpts, Wenders provides almost no background into Bausch's life or artistry. She appears to have descended fully formed from the clouds. Get stories that empower and uplift daily. By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy. In his free-form use of 3-D, Wenders fully justifies his long wait in making this movie. (Until the latest digital processes were developed he felt he could not do justice to her dance.) The purist approach to dance on film holds that the director must always show full bodies in full motion, and for the most part I have agreed with this dictum (especially since Fred Astaire, no less, demanded it). Nothing is worse than seeing snippets of limbs in snippets of performance. Wenders, it's true, does not often show entire dances in "Pina," and he breaks up the movements, too. But his cinematic pyrotechnics are always at the service of the dance. He's not competing with Bausch, he's collaborating with her, or at least with her muse. You may not feel like dancing after watching "Pina" – unless you have a thing for earth in your shoes – but you'll certainly know you've seen something. Grade: B+ (Rated PG for some sensuality/partial nudity and smoking.) You've read of free articles. Subscribe to continue. Help fund Monitor journalism for $11/ month Already a subscriber? Login Mark Sappenfield Editor Monitor journalism changes lives because we open that too-small box that most people think they live in. We believe news can and should expand a sense of identity and possibility beyond narrow conventional expectations. Our work isn't possible without your support. Subscribe Unlimited digital access $11/month. Already a subscriber? Login Digital subscription includes: Unlimited access to CSMonitor.com. CSMonitor.com archive. The Monitor Daily email. No advertising. Cancel anytime. Subscribe Related stories Julianne Hough is returning to 'Dancing With the Stars' as a judge Review In ‘Polina,’ a ballerina pursues contemporary 'Dancing With the Stars' Season 21: Who are the pro dancers? Share this article Copy link Link copied. × Mark Sappenfield Editor Dear Reader, About a year ago, I happened upon this statement about the Monitor in the Harvard Business Review – under the charming heading of “do things that don’t interest you”: “Many things that end up” being meaningful, writes social scientist Joseph Grenny, “have come from conference workshops, articles, or online videos that began as a chore and ended with an insight. My work in Kenya, for example, was heavily influenced by a Christian Science Monitor article I had forced myself to read 10 years earlier. Sometimes, we call things ‘boring’ simply because they lie outside the box we are currently in.” If you were to come up with a punchline to a joke about the Monitor, that would probably be it. 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0.958274	"susceptible or capable of reproduction," 1834; see reproduction + -able. Also compare reproduceable. Related: Reproductibility. Entries linking to reproductible reproduction (n.) 1650s, "act of forming again," noun of action from reproduce. Of living organisms, "process by which new individuals are generated and species perpetrated," by 1782. The meaning "process of reproducing sounds" is by 1908. The meaning "a copy, a counterpart" is from 1807; in 20c. especially "something made in the style of an earlier period." -able common termination and word-forming element of English adjectives (typically based on verbs) and generally adding a notion of "capable of; allowed; worthy of; requiring; to be ______ed," sometimes "full of, causing," from French -able and directly from Latin -abilis. It is properly -ble, from Latin -bilis (the vowel being generally from the stem ending of the verb being suffixed), and it represents PIE *-tro-, a suffix used to form nouns of instrument, cognate with the second syllables of English rudder and saddle (n.). A living element in English, used in new formations from either Latin or native words (readable, bearable) and also with nouns (objectionable, peaceable). Sometimes with an active signification (suitable, capable), sometimes of neutral signification (durable, conformable). It has become very elastic in meaning, as in a reliable witness, a playable foul ball, perishable goods. A 17c. writer has cadaverable "mortal." To take a single example in detail, no-one but a competent philologist can tell whether reasonable comes from the verb or the noun reason, nor whether its original sense was that can be reasoned out, or that can reason, or that can be reasoned with, or that has reason, or that listens to reason, or that is consistent with reason; the ordinary man knows only that it can now mean any of these, & justifiably bases on these & similar facts a generous view of the termination's capabilities; credible meaning for him worthy of credence, why should not reliable & dependable mean worthy of reliance & dependence? [Fowler] In Latin, -abilis and -ibilis depended on the inflectional vowel of the verb. Hence the variant form -ible in Old French, Spanish, English. In English, -able tends to be used with native (and other non-Latin) words, -ible with words of obvious Latin origin (but there are exceptions). The Latin suffix is not etymologically connected with able, but it long has been popularly associated with it, and this probably has contributed to its vigor as a living suffix. reproduceable (adj.) "susceptible or capable of reproduction," 1825, from reproduce + -able. Alternative form reproductible, which is attested from 1834. Others are reading Share reproductible ‘cite’ Page URL: https://www.etymonline.com/word/reproductible HTML Link: <a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/reproductible">Etymology of reproductible by etymonline</a> APA style: Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of reproductible. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/reproductible Chicago style: Harper Douglas, “Etymology of reproductible,” Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/reproductible. MLA style: Harper, Douglas. “Etymology of reproductible.” Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/reproductible. Accessed $(datetimeMla). IEEE style: D. Harper. “Etymology of reproductible.” Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/reproductible (accessed $(datetime)).
0.999995	How to Solve Argentina’s Recurrent Foreign Debt Crises: - Global ResearchGlobal Research - Centre for Research on Globalization Home About Contact Membership Store Donate Archives USA Canada Latin America Africa Middle East Europe Russia Asia Oceania Italiano Deutsch Português srpski العربية 中文 Notre site en Français: mondialisation.ca Nuestro sitio en español: Globalizacion Asia-Pacific Research Global Research Translate WebsiteShqipአማርኛالعربيةՀայերենAzərbaycan diliEuskaraБеларуская моваবাংলাBosanskiБългарскиCatalàCebuanoChichewa简体中文繁體中文CorsuHrvatskiČeština‎DanskNederlandsEnglishEestiFilipinoSuomiFrançaisქართულიDeutschΕλληνικάગુજરાતીKreyol ayisyenHarshen Hausaעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHmongMagyarÍslenskaIgboBahasa IndonesiaItaliano日本語Basa Jawaಕನ್ನಡҚазақ тіліភាសាខ្មែរ한국어كوردی‎КыргызчаພາສາລາວLatviešu valodaLietuvių kalbaМакедонски јазикMalagasyBahasa MelayuമലയാളംMalteseTe Reo MāoriमराठीМонголဗမာစာनेपालीNorsk bokmålپښتوفارسیPolskiPortuguêsਪੰਜਾਬੀRomânăРусскийSamoanСрпски језикSesothoShonaسنڌيසිංහලSlovenčinaSlovenščinaAfsoomaaliEspañolBasa SundaKiswahiliSvenskaТоҷикӣதமிழ்తెలుగుไทยTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوO‘zbekchaTiếng ViệtCymraegisiXhosaיידישYorùbáZulu grtv youtube twitter facebook rss US Nato War Economy Civil Rights Environment Poverty Media Justice 9/11 War Crimes Militarization History Science How to Solve Argentina’s Recurrent Foreign Debt Crises: Proposal for a Long-Term Solution By Adrian Salbuchi Global Research, November 07, 2006 7 November 2006 Region: Latin America & Caribbean Theme: Global Economy I. Executive Summary This paper outlines an integrated, practical and definitive solution to Argentina’s recurrent Internal and External Foreign Debt Crises, which is also potentially applicable by other heavily indebted countries. Because of the importance of the issues it addresses, that have a potential impact on the entire global financial system, international public opinion should be made aware that a genuine structural solution to Argentina’s Public Debt problem is possible and necessary. For the time being, however, implementation of such a solution has been thwarted because in June 2005 Argentine President Néstor Kirchner and his then economy minister Roberto Lavagna, implemented what is to date the world’s largest Sovereign Debt Bond Mega-Swap operation. They were able to do this thanks to the support of key international private and public institutions, notably the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and SEC (Securities & Exchange Commission of the US). That operation involved swapping a maze of 152 different bond issues totaling almost u$s 100 billion that had aggregated over the past three decades, for three new streamlined Sovereign Bonds with maturity periods of 30, 35 and 42 years (the so-called “Discount”, “On-Par” and “Cuasi-Par” Bonds), which, in turn, implied writing off approximately 60% of those Bonds’ nominal values. The unrealistic terms at which this Mega-Swap was done, however, deteriorated Argentina’s position and, so far, the Government has not been able to show that the performance of this new Debt Bond issue is sustainable. The main effect of this Mega-Swap was to worsen and carry forward Argentina’s Public Debt problem making future Financial Public Debt Crises inevitable with the ensuing risk of unleashing financial meltdowns even worse than the one Argentina suffered in 2001 and 2002. ([1]) Rather than hiding the real problem and promoting cosmetic short-term solutions heeding to politicians’ election pressures – which is what Messrs. Kirchner & Lavagna did last year and, before them, Mr. Cavallo ([2]) -, a deep and far-reaching structural solution should be urgently implemented if such future financial crisis in our country, our region and in the global financial system are to be avoided or at least mitigated. A coherent, consistent and sustainable Integrated Plan driven by a Government having the necessary political will, wisdom and expertise to ensure its proper implementation is needed. Regrettably, over the past thirty years, Argentina has had neither such a Plan nor such a Government. Correspondingly, growing national decadence and more serious debt crises will, in all likelihood, continue in the future. Resolving this matter is becoming increasingly important, considering that the implicit agenda of key organizations and players managing today’s New World Order ([3]) can be inferred, whereby a sequence of severe medium- and long-term Foreign Debt Crises are to be engineered in years to come. They will end up dragging Argentina towards ever more extreme crises. In the ensuing political, economic and social deterioration that they will cause over the next ten or fifteen years’, these supranational Organizations will be able to achieve their main objective: to force Argentina into swapping Public Debt for large tracts of Territory, i.e., breaking Argentina apart geographically and politically, in line with the geopolitical interests and goals of key public and private New World Order players. ([4]) Accordingly, it is increasingly important to understand that the key issue to resolve Argentina’s Foreign Debt problem lies in bringing all accountable parties to the negotiating table, in a balanced and transparent manner. However, because of the powerful resources that some of these parties and players wield, this will not be an easy task. To achieve it, the leverage of major international institutions, governing bodies and world public opinion will need to be brought to bear. This is why increased awareness of the problem is one of the initial key issues and the main purpose of this paper. A suitable “Balanced ScoreCard”-type scheme identifying all responsible parties should therefore be designed. This would enable a better understanding and clearer determination of each party’s respective accountabilities in generating, fueling and triggering the recurrent debt crises affecting Argentina and the Region. In turn, it would allow for proper quantification of their respective liabilities, allowing for a better understanding as to their true payment capabilities. This could then lead to a true “win-win” situation, whereby a comprehensive, fair, stable and sustainable medium- and long-term Multilateral Agreement could be achieved amongst all accountable parties, taking into account all their respective rights, obligations and interests. Argentina still has a clear set of powerful instruments and tools at hand to achieve this. Additionally, a successful model of this sort would also serve as a precedent and example for other countries that are presently also mired in similar debt situations, thus promoting more precise predictability and reduced volatility in international financial markets. II. Background: a Timeline Over the past thirty years, Argentina’s Public Debt was subjected to a complexly engineered artificial growth process reflecting the inner workings of what, in practice, can be construed to be a veritable “Public Debt Generation Machine”. This “Machine” fueled Public Debt reflecting the specific geo-economic and geo-political medium- and long-term interests and goals of specific international players, although not the real interests and well-being of the Argentine people nor those of bonafide international investors. For the benefit of readers unfamiliar with this aspect of Argentina’s contemporary history, we describe below key milestones showing how this Public Debt Generation Machine evolved over the past thirty years: · March 1976: An illegal and de facto military-civilian regime ousted the constitutionally elected government of president María Isabel Martínez de Perón ([5]), seizing power at a time when Argentina’s Foreign Debt posed little or no problem. At just under u$s 6 billion, it represented but a small portion of Gross Domestic Product. The Military Junta immediately named as economy minister, José Martinez de Hoz, who had close ties with, and the respect of, powerful international private banking interests. With the Junta’s full backing, he systematically implemented a series of highly destructive, speculative, illegitimate – even illegal – economic and financial policies and legislation, which increased Public Debt almost eightfold to u$s 46 billion in a few short years, This intimately tied-in to the interests of major international banking and oil circles which, at that time, needed to urgently re-cycle huge volumes of “Petrodollars” generated by the 1973 and 1979 Oil Crises. Those capital in-flows were not invested in industrial production or infrastructure, but rather were used to fuel speculation in local financial markets by local and international banks and traders who were able to take advantage of very high local interest rates in Argentine Pesos tied to stable and unrealistic medium-term US Dollar exchange rates. This guaranteed insiders having the right connections enormous financial profits for their short and medium-term “investments”([6]). · December 1983 – Seven and a half years later, the military-civilian regime, notoriously known for gross human rights violations and for generating unprecedented social, economic and political hardship for the Argentine people, were forced to hand power over to a constitutionally elected president: Raúl Alfonsín of the traditional Radical – UCR – Party([7]). By then, Argentina’s Public Debt of u$s 46 billion had become a scandalous public issue, for which reason during his election campaign, Mr. Alfonsín’s promised to investigate the legitimacy of that huge debt left behind by the military-civilian regime. Once elected, Mr. Alfonsín quickly dropped this idea thanks to the political pressure brought to bear by organizations closely linked to the international financial community that had at first supported and later abandoned the then defunct military regime. Huge mistakes committed by the Alfonsin Administration led to mounting political, social and economic crises which came to a head in mid-1989 when the Argentine Peso went into a hyperinflationary spiral, that plunged the country into chaos. Mr. Alfonsín was forced to resign six months early bringing to office the newly-elected president Carlos Menem (of the Justicialista – Peronist – Party). By then, Argentina’s Public Debt had climbed to around u$s 65 billion. · July 1989: President Menem named Harvard-trained economist Domingo Cavallo as his foreign minister and later, in 1991, as his economy minister. They completely opened up the economy to foreign investors, whilst a monetary reform was enacted based on virtual dollarization of the economy through a Hong Kong-like currency board scheme called “Convertibility”, that pegged the Argentine Peso to the US Dollar. In 1992, Cavallo renegotiated the Public Debt through the first of a series of Sovereign Debt Bond Swaps engineered with the US Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady, i.e., the so-called “Brady Debt Restructuring Plan” ([8]). This re-engineered a very large chunk of the country’s Public Debt which until then had been in the hands of not more than 25 major creditor banks, dispersing it into nominal “Brady Bonds” which those same banks traded in major global financial markets dumping them onto hundreds of thousands of mostly small and unknowing private investors. A sizeable portion of those Bonds, however, were soaked up by the major banks and corporations themselves, immediately recycling them to purchase various lucrative Argentine State Companies, all within the scope of Menem’s and Cavallo’s economic deregulation policies. Although the hyperinflation inherited from the Alfonsín Administration was curbed, over the following decade these policies would devastate the national economy – albeit, in a “stable” manner – until in 2001 it led to yet another national financial and monetary meltdown. Thanks to a constitutional amendment passed in 1994, Menem was re-elected in 1995 and in 1999 finally handed power over to Fernando de la Rúa of the “Alianza” coalition made up of the UCR radical party and various left-wing offshoots. By then, in spite of all the privatizations of state-owned companies which were supposed to reduce Foreign Debt, Argentina’s Public Debt had increased to around u$s 130 billion. · December 2001 – President Fernando de la Rúa was incapable of coping with the, by then, very severe monetary and financial distortions generated by the untenable “convertibility scheme”. As the crisis spun out of control, in March 2001 he decided to bring Mr Cavallo back as economy minister and “crisis manager”, however they both ended up being forced to resign from office in December 2001 amid a nationwide collapse of the banking system, widespread rioting and ever greater turmoil and hardship among the population. Before De la Rua and Cavallo left, they managed to push through several Mega-Swaps of old Brady Bonds for new bond issues, the most notorious of which was the one they did in June 2001 which in just one month generated over 50 billion dollars of spurious additional new debt. By then, Argentina’s Public Debt had leapt to around u$s 180 billion and in December 2001 the country defaulted on its debt with private bondholders and only continued making essential interest payments to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other multilateral institutions within the framework of the usual IMF/World Bank debt restructuring and re-engineering strategies. · January 2002 – Amid tremendous political and social turmoil, acting president Eduardo Duhalde curbed violence and crisis-managed the economy after devaluing the Peso, which eventually stabilized at around 3 Pesos per Dollar (where it stands to this very day). This and other economic measures ended up dumping the bulk of the cost of the crisis on the lower and middle classes, whilst Banks and foreign Corporations were given preferential treatment. With the help of his economy minister Roberto Lavagna, Mr Duhalde staged presidential orderly elections in April 2003 that were won by Néstor Kirchner after Carlos Menem dropped out of the race. · May 2003 – President Kirchner kept Mr Lavagna on as his economy minister for two and a half years. In June 2005 they implemented the new and potentially devastating “Mega-Swap” we indicate above. A few months later, Mr. Lavagna was forced to resign and Mr. Kirchner virtually took over as economy minister. · January 2006 – Surprisingly and at a time when the IMF is being seriously questioned by all international circles the world over and even blamed for its key role in triggering Argentina’s 2001 crisis, instead of taking advantage of this factor to secure a good deal for Argentina, president Kirchner decided to pay the full amount owed by Argentina to the IMF in cash: all u$s 10 billion of it. III. A Fresh View Argentina’s debt situation is of a very complex nature, in that there exist key issues that show that over the past thirty years there was a high level of accountability amongst various key players, notably, international private banks, multilateral institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, international risk rating agencies and, naturally, successive Argentine Governments. Acting in unison, they were able to generate today’s untenable public debt which, all factors considered, now adds up to over u$s 200 billion (whilst our GDP is about 75% of that). Within the myriad of issues involved we point out a couple which, if properly addressed, can serve to promote the concept of generating a “Balanced Score Card” scheme to assess and resolve Argentina’s Foreign Debt situation. Foremost amongst these, is the legal concept involving “Odious Debts”, whereby a democratically-elected government can challenge Public Debtholders, if their credits were generated by a previous, illegitimate Government which illegally usurped power. In such cases, the onus is on the Debtor to prove that said debt was legitimately used for the benefit the Public Interest of the country, especially in those cases where the creditor was well aware of the illegitimate nature of the Regime it was lending funds to, something which was publicly known by international bankers when lending to Argentina’s Military-Civilian Government from 1976 to 1983. In April 1982, local lawyer Alejandro Olmos filed a law-suit leading to an initial investigation into the origin of Argentina’s Public Debt during that military regime ([9]), which went through several Federal Courts until a ruling was finally given by Federal Judge Jorge Ballesteros on 14th July 2000. His ruling proved that the bulk of the debt generated by that military-civilian de facto regime was illegitimate and illegal, however adding that no former government officers could be sentenced as by then this case had become time-barred (eighteen years had elapsed and the Plaintiff himself had passed away only months before). Clearly, the bulk of those loans eventually found its way out of the country in the form of financial and others assets transferred to individuals, banks, corporations and other operators involved in various degrees of criminal activities. The debt itself, however, was left with the Argentine State; i.e., with the Argentine people. In view of the highly political nature of the issue, Judge Ballesteros recommended that Argentina’s National Congress should investigate this matter under its constitutional jurisdiction and attributes ([10]). Congress, however, took only a small, token initial in that direction in August 2000, because the powers that be were able to put well-coordinated internal and external political and media pressure on Congress so that it quickly abandoned any action in respect of this key national issue. In principle, large tranches of Argentina’s public debt dating back to that Military-Civilian Regime can be classified as “Odious Debts”, within the scope of the legal doctrine generated by Alexander Naum Sak at the beginning of the 20th Century. Legal precedent was based by cases involving The United States versus the Kingdom of Spain over Cuba’s colonial debt in 1903; and the United Kingdom versus the Republic of Costa Rica over an alleged debt claimed by the Royal Bank of Canada generated by former dictator Federico Tinaco. In the latter case, in October 1923 US Supreme Court Justice (and later president of the US) William Taft forthrightly judged in Costa Rica’s favor. Even more recent and important, after the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the toppling of the Saddam Hussein Baathist Regime, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Russia together considered Iraq’s foreign debt generated since 1979 by Saddam Hussein as “Odious Debt”, condoning around 85% of it. They were all very careful not to use the phrase “Odious Debt”, knowing full well that other countries such as Argentina could use exactly the same arguments, precisely because the bulk of its own Public Debt can be traced back – through various astutely engineering recycling processes – to the debt originally generated by the illegitimate Military-Civilian Regime which suppressed the Constitution and perpetrated crimes against our population. So, we too can, in principle, declare that our Debt should be rightly re-classified as “Odious Debt”. When this paper was first released in September 2004, we sought to alert international political and investor circles as well as public opinion at large, of the grave risks posed by the fact that Argentina’s Ministry of Economy was about to implement yet another re-cycling of that illegitimate and potentially odious debt through a new bond swap to the tune of over 100 billion dollars. In June 2004, Argentina filed with the SEC of the United States committing the Argentine State to pay new bond issues at highly detrimental conditions for our country and based on false and unsustainable economic and financial assumptions. We tried to warn the SEC that the Argentine State would not have the economic and financial capacity to honor the new Bonds’ future yields and capital payments at their maturity dates and that this would inevitably lead to new and even greater debt defaults. Regrettably, the SEC officially replied that they declined to even look into this matter and ended up giving Mr. Lavagna and Mr. Kirchner the green light for this new potential fraud transacted in the US Bond markets. We consider that this was tantamount to permitting and promoting massive liability exposures on future Argentine Debt Bond defaults, the scale of which will dwarf such high profile scandals as Enron, WorldCom, Arthur Andersen, Tyco and Marsh & McLennan. Macroeconomic figures and projections submitted by Argentina’s Ministry of Economy are inconsistent and unsustainable ([11]) and the Mega-Swap finally pushed through in June 2005 will generate massive future defaults, even greater than the one in December 2001 when the Government defaulted on over 90 billion dollars worth of Public Debt Bonds with private investors. Adding insult to injury, the Kirchner-Lavagna Mega-Swap incorporated around u$s 54 billion of revamped interest and capital artificially generated during the last months of the catastrophic Fernando de la Rúa Administration in June 2001, when then economy minister Domingo Cavallo, Foreign Debt Negotiator Daniel Marx and key international bankers implemented an earlier Mega-Swap. Both former government officers have been indicted for fraud, negligence and conflict of interest because of their actions on this matter. IV. Towards a “Balanced Score Card” Argentina’s structural public debt crisis is a very complex matter, both in its present structure as well as its history and evolution. Key issues need to be urgently addressed. All players must stop playing “make believe” pretending that Argentina will be able to honor payment of massive amounts of capital and interest in a timely manner. That will not be possible and the ensuing future grave Public Debt Bond Crises will no doubt lead to more “new” Mega-Swaps for much higher amounts and at far worse conditions for Argentina. We envision that those future Mega-Swap Bonds will include innovative clauses whereby the Argentine Government will guarantee payment with Public Land Rights or Long-term Territorial Concessions which will, in practice, be tantamount to “Debt for Territory” swaps. This will mean breaking up the territorial integrity of Argentina, with the ensuing far-reaching political, social, economic and legal implications and consequences that this will have. Accordingly, properly addressing this matter is a first step towards achieving a comprehensive solution for all parties, which involves designing and negotiating some sort of “Balanced Score Card” scheme identifying all parties having some level of responsibility for the present morass, in order to then be able to determine, quantify and agree their respective accountabilities. Such a process should be supervised by a credible and neutral public supranational body – the International Court of Justice, for example – so as to ensure an equitable and fair approach regarding all the parties’ interests and not just some of them. Such a body should also act as Arbitrator. Each and every accountable party and player should be identified. We consider that would include, though not be limited to, the following: · The Argentine State – I.e., the public institutions of the Republic of Argentina which mainly through its Ministry of Economy and Central Bank accepted the terms of loan contracts and agreements entered into with public and banking institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and others. · Successive Argentine Governments – In many cases, former public officers have been and are being investigated and indicted by our Courts for misdemeanors, collusion, fraud and various other public crimes, which means they have potential personal liabilities which could even lead to collective interest group liability ([12]). No doubt, our Proposal would surely trigger further criminal proceedings against other former government officers in the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches, as well as impeachment procedures against present Government Officers, based on their respective degrees of accountability. · Private Lendor Banks – Based on their credit risk assessments, most major international private banking institutions lent funds to Argentina in the seventies and eighties. After the debt crises of the late eighties, starting in 1992 they traded the so-called “Brady Bonds” knowing full well that the origin of that debt could potentially be classified as “Odious Debt” ([13]). When trading Brady Bonds in successive debt bond swaps and “mega-swaps” from 1992 onwards, those banks systematically omitted to inform their investors key background and risk exposure information mentioned above. It is a well-known fact that all major banks – including CitiGroup, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, HSBC, JPMorgan Chase, Credit Suisse, UBS, Deutsche Bank, Fleet Boston, Lloyds and Barclays amongst others, and their previously merged and acquired institutions -, all carried various types of insurance coverage to protect their liabilities against claims arising from misinformation incidents, and that these are for very sizeable amounts. Such insurance coverage and their respective reinsurance supports were placed into major insurance markets – Lloyds of London being the oldest and best known –, and could thus be brought to bear as a major source of financial contribution, as it would spread risk amongst numerous insurers, reinsurers and retrocessionaires around the world. Basically, the main risks protected by such Financial Institutions Insurance Programmes include, amongst others, the following: o Professional Liability Insurance – This covers a Bank’s lack of proper “Due Diligence” and professional integrity in their dealings with investors; i.e., behaviour that can be classified as Voluntary Misconduct. This is a crucial factor that is being increasingly voiced in different circles. (see for example, a detailed article published in The Washington Post on 3rd August 2003 – “Argentina Didn’t Fall on Its Own: Wall Street Pushed Debt Till the Last” by Paul Blustein – Page A01) o Errors & Omissions Insurance – This covers involuntary Errors and Omissions which may have been incurred by the banks’ traders when placing packages and tranches of Argentine Debt Bonds with retail traders, brokers, agents, banks and investors. o Directors’ & Officers’ Liability Insurance – This covers the Personal Legal Liability of banks’ and other players’ Directors and Top Officers and Managers in respect of any lack of proper supervision, control and auditing of the Bank’s operations, business ethics and conduct. Again, cases involving flagrant breach of professional ethics by such major corporations as Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat, Tyco, Marsh & McLennan, AIG and Arthur Andersen serve as prime examples which in the US led to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which today places stringent controls on Corporate behaviour. Although Sarbanes-Oxley cannot be brought to bear, it does, however, indicate that gross misconduct by major corporations and banks has been rampant in the US and elsewhere for many years, thus reinforcing the need for Corporations and Banks to answer financially for their wrong-doing or lack of professionalism if that is adequately ascertained. · Risk Rating Agencies – Much of the Argentine Bond trading was based on the economic, financial and political analyses rendered by major rating agencies – particularly Standard & Poor, Fitch and Moody’s – which are also accountable for the insufficiently and/or improperly researched information they fed markets and generated to potential investors, regarding these successive debt bond issues. Additionally, the influence, leverage and accountability of specialized journals was such that they should at least pay a political price, considering that for years they promoted false expectations amongst investors regarding the alleged “wonders” of investing in “miraculous” Argentine Public Bonds when Mr Cavallo was at the helm of the economy ministry. This includes such influential publications as The Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones Group), Financial Times, Business Week, and other local and international publications. · International Monetary Fund – This key institution was instrumental in promoting and auditing the macroeconomic policies of the Argentine Government for decades. They agreed to continue lending, thus instigating further investment in Argentine Bonds by international investors, especially after 1994 and further indebtedness by Argentina. By that time, the whole “debt trap” had been set, debt increased exponentially and there was clearly no way out for our country. A recent report by the Independent Evaluation Office concluded that IMF top management – notably during the period led first by Michel Camdessus (President) and Stanley Fischer (Executive Director) and, later, by Horst Köhler (President) and Anne Kruger (Executive Director) – committed serious professional and technical errors and omissions. Many analysts consider that, in a way, as auditors, the IMF was to Argentina what Arthur Andersen was to Enron, the difference being the Andersen was dissolved and closed down, whilst the IMF continues preaching its misconceived doctrines and exerts leverage. It goes without saying that we fully appreciate the fact that the IMF’s primary purpose is to exert political pressure on indebted governments, acting as a veritable coercing agency on behalf of major international banks. These, in turn, also wield enormous influence in the US Government through Treasury Dept.([14]) · Other Multilateral Agencies – The World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank which also continued lending to Argentina even though they knew (and know) that there were incorrect and improper assessments regarding the investment-grade of Argentine debt bonds. In short, the Argentine State, successive Argentine governments, major lending banks and risk rating agencies, the IMF, and other multilateral financial institutions are and have been the major players involved in the case of Argentina’s foreign debt. It is therefore grossly unfair to place the full weight of this complex problem solely on the Argentine State (and circumstantially on the Kirchner Administration), which does not seem to be able to envision any options other than last year’s Mega-Swap deal indicated above, which will crush Argentina’s future for generations to come. No doubt, Argentina must pay… but only its true share in all of this. All key players in this drama must be brought to the negotiating table, their accountabilities assessed, their liabilities quantified and together they must contribute their respective shares to resolving a common problem that was created by all of them, considering that they were all aware of the potential risks their respective actions entailed. Need major international banks be reminded that high yield investment opportunities also carry higher risks and that that is what financial risk management is all about? Making the Argentine State – i.e., the people of Argentina – weather the full brunt of this storm is tantamount to financial genocide and terrorism. It represents a gross violation of basic legitimacy, lawfulness and an abuse of basic human rights. The people of Argentina are presently undergoing severe hardship with over 50% of the population submerged in poverty, whilst present economic and political policies do little to resolve these matters. Basic universal law gives the Argentine people the right to legitimately defend their interests against the various multinational and supranational players which, abusing the huge power that they wield, directly and/or indirectly imposed complex actions and strategies leading to the Public Debt problem. Once all these players sit down at the negotiating table on an equitable and just basis, then and only then can a suitable model be generated whereby each party’s accountability is defined and liabilities are quantified. This must also taken into account their true payment possibilities, especially on the part of banking institutions and their respective insurers and reinsurers. Such negotiations would have the objective of generating a suitable and more comprehensive “Balanced Score Card” to address the entire problem. This would represent a final, long-term, achievable solution whereby all players would tread a common road leading to a common goal, for the good of creditors, debtors, financial institutions and the global financial system, in a more transparent, “win-win”-inspired environment. Thus, the first question is how such a scheme can be put in place. This will also require an honest effort on the part of the media so that global public opinion may become aware of these key issues. V. Conclusion A key first step would be for one or several prestigious, world-recognized bodies to promote such a scheme. The European Parliament, would no doubt be a key player; also perhaps, the International Court of Justice. To a lesser extent, the United Nations and the Organization of American States (OAS). Urgency is clearly a key issue as financial crises originating in Argentina will soon again loom on the horizon as the Kirchner government lapses into increasing political problems and social crises. Over recent years, Argentina’s Foreign Debt situation has worsened with each successive debt cycle. The latest 2005 Mega-Swap represents yet another “turn of the screw” that will with time lead to further suffering for millions of our people, future defaults for international investors and future bankruptcy for small long-term investors, pensioners and enterprises. As has repeatedly occurred in the past, the sole beneficiaries of such crises who reap quick profits, will be international bankers and traders quickly pocketing their commissions, fees and interests. Conventional Wisdom and Common Sense clearly dictate that if a country has a catastrophic debt situation, it cannot resolve it by incurring even more and greater debt. Adrian Salbuchi is researcher, author and speaker; host of the Buenos Aires radio talk-show “El Traductor Radial” and founder of the Argentine Second Republic Movement (Movimiento por la Segunda República Argentina) www.eltraductorradial.com.ar. He is author of “El Cerebro del Mundo: la cara oculta de la Globalización” (Córdoba, Argentina, 4th Edition, 2003, 472 pages – this title translates as “The World’s Mastermind: the Hidden Face of Globalization”) and “Bienvenidos a la Jungla: Dominio y Supervivencia en el Nuevo Orden Mundial” (Ediciones Anábasis, Córdoba, Argentina, 2005, 252 pags – this title translates as “Welcome to the Jungle: Domination and Survival in the New World Order)”. Please send all inquiries to [email protected] Notes ([1]) One of the prime investigations on the present status of Argentina’s Foreign Debt can be found in Héctor Giuliano, “Problemática de la Deuda Pública Argentina: la Deuda bajo la Administración Kirchner” (Grupo Editor del Encuentro, Buenos Aires, 2006) which assesses the weaknesses and inconsistencies of the Kirchner-Lavagna 2005 Debt Bond Mega-Swap. Among the structural factors weakening Argentina’s position for the future are: (1) Argentina waives its right to investigate the legitimacy of the Debt itself (much of it dating back to the illegitimate Military-Civilian Government that usurped power between 24-March-1976 and 10-December-1983), which also includes previous scandalous Sovereign Debt Bond Mega-Swaps of 1992/93 (made by former economy minister Domingo Cavallo and his foreign debt advisor Daniel Marx under President Carlos Menem; i.e., the so-called “Brady Bonds”), and of June 2001 again made by Domingo Cavallo and Daniel Marx under president Fernando de la Rúa, which led directly to 2001’s and 2002’s financial meltdown in our country and which is being investigated in our Criminal Courts. ([2]) Domingo Cavallo, economy minister to former presidents Carlos Menem (1991-1996) and Fernando de la Rúa (2001) until both forced out of office by the national crisis they helped to unleash. Mr. Cavallo has very strong connections with international banking circles, notably Credit Boston First Suisse and is a member of the Group of Thirty and the Trilateral Commission. ([3]) Amongst them, the Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission, Bilderberg Group, Royal Institute of International Affairs and regional off-shoots as the Americas Society/Council of the Americas and the CARI – Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internationales. This is extensively described by the author elsewhere, notably in his book “El Cerebro del Mundo: la Cara Oculta de la Globalización” (Córdoba, Argentina, 4th Edition, 2003). ([4]) See various works by the author, most recently the English-language article “War in the Middle East: a Warning for Argentina” ([5]) Mrs. Perón became president of Argentina in July 1974 when her husband, president Juan Domingo Perón, died in office. As vicepresident, she succeeded him. Although she did not govern well, she did however resist maneuvers by international banking circles to force Argentina to accept unneeded loans and she did order the Armed Forces to destroy then rampant and highly violent left-wing guerrilla groups. With only nine months to go before next general elections, a group of right-wing officers ousted her with the clear support of major international organizations, in an operation reminiscent of Henry Kissinger’s CIA operation to oust Chilean president Salvador Allende in September 1973 ([6]) Basically, the operations were quick “In-Out” financial dealings engineered by international banks and their local partners. Highly liberal local financial legislation and rules were enacted allowing large US Dollar amounts to enter and then leave the country, backed by Government Bonds, changed into Pesos at stable and predictable Exchange Rates, deposited with local banks at enormous interest rates for, say, one year, and then finally changed back into US Dollars and immediately expatriated. The banker’s huge profits were paid by creaming off the entire economy and a false “Government Debt” was left behind as Sovereign Debt Bonds. It was a profitable and quick “In-Out” for international and local speculators; but a very heavy and destructive “Eternal Debt” for the Argentine State – and thus its people – which represents an unbearable weight to this very day… [7] The Military handed power over after their Regime practically collapsed in the wake of the outcome of the April to June 1992 Malvinas-Falklands War where Argentine forces were beaten by the United Kingdom. [8] Engineered by Mr. Cavallo and his advisor Daniel Marx with then US secretary of the treasury Nicholas Brady during the George H W Bush Administration. ([9]) Case No. 14.467, heard with the Buenos Aires Federal Economic Criminal Court No 2; “Olmos Gaona, Alejandro versus/ Various former government officers” ([10]) Article 75, section 7 of Argentina’s Constitution clearly states that “Congress shall do all necessary to arrange for payment of the internal and external National Debt”. [11] This is described in great deal in a paper released on 15-Sept-04 by National Deputy Mario Cafiero, “¡O juremos con deuda morir!” a copy of which was distributed to major political and media figures, including president Kirchner, to no avail. [12] Two cases may illustrate what we say: · Former Finance Secretary Guillermo Walter Klein serving under Economy Minister José Martínez de Hoz during the military regime from 1976 to 1981, negotiated loans on behalf of the Government with around twenty major international banks. At the same time, he represented and promoted those same banks’ legal and business interests in Argentina. · Former official “Foreign Debt Negotiator” Daniel Marx served under presidents Menem and De la Rúa and was a key figure in arranging and negotiating the so-called “Brady Debt Bond Plan”, whilst at the same time in 1993 he became a founding partner in Darby Investments, Inc., together with its chairman Nicholas Brady, former US secretary of the treasury under George H W Bush. Clear conflicts of interest abound and also include former economy minister Cavallo, a key figure in engineering the Argentine debt crisis, strongly linked with Credit Suisse First Boston Bank chairman David Mulford. Cavallo presently sits on the Trilateral Commission and teaches economics at the Robert F Kennedy School of Economics at Harvard University. [13] In 1982, an internal legal document at The First National Bank of Chicago, recommended investment bankers to be particularly careful with the consequences of potential changes in sovereignty regarding loan agreements which could depend on the use made of funds by a previous government because, if the debt were to be considered as “odious” – i.e., a debt incurred against the interests of the local population, – then such debt would not be payable by a succesor state. Commercial banks were warned to be on the alert as to the implicit dangers of this because a successor government could very well invoke the “odious debt” doctrine alleging the “hostile” use of funds, in order to reject payment outright. The document concluded suggesting that bankers take fullest preventive measures when making loans to de facto regimes. This is described in Patricia Adams, “Odious Debts: Loose Lending, Corruption and the Third World’s Environmental Legacy”, Chapter on “The Doctrine of Odious Debts”. [14] An eloquent example is that of banker Robert Rubin, who was Chairman of Goldman Sachs Investment Bank, then became Bill Clinton’s second Treasury Secretary and, at the end of that Administration in 2001, again went through the public-private “revolving door” to become a top executive director at CitiGroup. No doubt major bankers have special leverage in the US Government and the IMF. Mr. Rubin is a member of the powerful Council on Foreign Relations as are Mr. Stanley Fischer (IMF / CitiBank) and Ms. Anne Krueger (IMF). The original source of this article is Global Research Copyright © Adrian Salbuchi, Global Research, 2006 Comment on Global Research Articles on our Facebook page Become a Member of Global Research Related Articles from our Archives Articles by: Adrian Salbuchi Disclaimer: The contents of this article are of sole responsibility of the author(s). The Centre for Research on Globalization will not be responsible for any inaccurate or incorrect statement in this article. The Centre of Research on Globalization grants permission to cross-post Global Research articles on community internet sites as long the source and copyright are acknowledged together with a hyperlink to the original Global Research article. For publication of Global Research articles in print or other forms including commercial internet sites, contact: [email protected] www.globalresearch.ca contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. 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0.998994	Let's be real. The air fryer has a permanent spot on my counter top, now. Every since I started my fitness journey, I have been using it for all sorts of veggie roasting and meat cooking. And, I am happy to announce, I have finally perfected my air fryer chicken. I typically hate meal prepping chicken. It's bland, dry, chewy and boring. There are only so many healthy options for sauce, dressings, and seasonings before you just get tired of the texture and the dry, bland flavor of the meat itself. Not to mention that the simple act of heating up your meal prepped chicken leaves it even sadder and dryer than before. And no one likes sad, dry chicken. This unfortunate experience in meal prepping chicken has led me to try many different preparation methods - baking, sautéing, grilling, you name it. The best meal prep chicken that I have made is with my air fryer. Hands down. This recipe, while pretty straightforward, will produce the most moist, flavorful, delicious chicken that you will find yourself wanting to eat it. And the best part is, it's so simple that you can spice with any spice blend you like! My recipe uses my favorite Memphis-inspired chicken spice (I buy it at Kroger), but feel free to shake it up however which way your taste buds desire! Using an air fryer to cook the chicken has a few benefits: It's low maintenance. You pop the chicken in, flip half way through, and that's it! It minimizes the fat content. The air fryer basket lets any extra fat and oils from the chicken end up in the catch basket and not in your meal. It retains the moisture. I'm not sure what the science is behind this, but the chicken is nice and juicy every time - even after reheating it! The chicken gets a nice "skin" on it. The outside of the chicken gets ever so slightly seared which helps lock in that flavor. You can easily make it in batches. I typically cook 3 chicken breasts at a time, which is enough chicken for around 4 meals if you are eating high protein. Air Fryer Chicken Scale this recipe based on how many breasts you are cooking. Ingredients: 1 Large chicken breast (12-16 ounces) 2 Tbsp olive oil (or other cooking oil) 1 Tbsp Nature's Seasoning 1 Tbsp Memphis Inspired Seasoning Rub (or other sweet and spicy rub) Instructions: In a large bowl, add the chicken, olive oil, and seasonings. Toss with tongs until the chicken is thoroughly coated in oil and seasoning. Place in air fryer basket and cook at 400 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 minutes, flipping half way through. For each additional chicken breast, add 2 minutes to the cooking time. Using a meat thermometer to measure the inside temperature of the chicken, make sure that your chicken has reached 165 degrees Fahrenheit before consuming. Depending on your air fryer, you may need to cook the chicken for a few more minutes. Let rest for 2-3 minutes. Serve immediately, or keep in the refrigerator for meal prepping. To reheat, microwave for 1-2 minutes.
0.999991	I'm a product description. I'm a great place to add more details about your product such as sizing, material, care instructions and cleaning instructions. PRODUCT INFO I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item. RETURN & REFUND POLICY I’m a Return and Refund policy. I’m a great place to let your customers know what to do in case they are dissatisfied with their purchase. Having a straightforward refund or exchange policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy with confidence. SHIPPING INFO I'm a shipping policy. I'm a great place to add more information about your shipping methods, packaging and cost. Providing straightforward information about your shipping policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy from you with confidence.
0.942201	The use of pectinase in fruit juice production I predict that there will be no juice produced to the apple sauce that had no enzyme and juice will produce to the apple sauce that had pectinase. A control is carried out in order to compare the rate of reaction between with pectinase and without pectin's. Pectin --> sugars + galataronic acid Pectin is a substance which helps to hold pant cell walls together. As a fruit ripens the plant produces proteolytic enzymes, which convert the insoluble protpectin of the unripe fruit into more soluble forms, causing the fruit to soften. When fruits are mashed and pressed to form juices these more soluble forms of pectin enter the juice, making it cloudy and causing the colour and flavour to deteriorate. Enzymes are specific in the reactions they catalyse, much more so than inorganic Catalysts. Normally, a given enzyme will Catalyse only one reaction, or type of reaction. The enzyme has an active site that helps it to recognise its substrate in a very specific way. Just like a key only fits into a specific lock, each enzyme has its own specific lock; each enzyme has its own specific substrate. This is called the lock and key theory. The enzymes never actually get consumed in the process; they just increase the rate of reactions. ...read more. Middle 3. Mix carefully and leave to stand for 5 minutes. 4. Transfer the contents of the beakers to separate filter funnels and collect the juice produced in a graduated measuring cylinder. 5. Take reading of the juice collected. Results Table to shows apple juice in cm3 collected over time in minutes Time in min Volume in cm3 Pectinase Highest Lowest Average No Pectinase 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.75 0.00 2 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.25 0.00 3 1.50 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.75 0.00 4 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.13 0.00 5 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 0.00 6 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 0.00 7 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 8 3.25 3.00 3.25 3.00 3.13 0.00 Table to shows initial rate of the enzyme pectinase when breaking down pectin into sugars and galataronic acid Time in min Initial rate cm3 min-1 0 0 1 0.75 2 0.625 3 0.58 4 0.53 5 0.50 6 0.46 7 0.43 8 0.39 Analysis The hypothesis is proved that the break down of pectin with pectinase was successful and there was no reaction with the apple sauce that exclusive of pectinase. The pectinase causes disulphide bonds to break. These bonds help to maintain the shape of the enzyme molecules. ...read more. Conclusion After that, there was a gradually decrease of roughly 0.05 cm3. A graph showing the rate of reaction of the enzyme pectinase when breaking down pectin into sugars and galataronic acid is also drawn onto the back of the graph which shows the volume of apple juice in cm3 over time in minutes. Error bars provide a simple and clear way to represent the uncertainty of each point on a graph. Error bars are drawn onto the graph, which shows the volume of apple juice in cm3 over time in minutes. There were big error bars from minute 1 to minute 4 intervals ; they all have a range of 0.5cm3 within the average. Then the error bar was minimised to within a narrower range of 0.25cm3 at 4th and 8th minute intervals. There was no error bar at 5th, 6th and 7th minute intervals, which indicates that the experiment results were agreed by both of the groups. The bigger the error bars, indicates the more inaccurate of the results that were collated hence the results were unreliable and which would effect our prediction of the outcome of the experiment. Evaluation There were insufficient sets of results in order to make this experiment reliable since there were only two sets of results. To improve the accuracy of this experiment, repeats should be done. The apple sauce that was prepared had a big impact on the experiment. ...read more. The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level Molecules & Cells section. Found what you're looking for? Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just £6.99 a month Get Full Access Now or Learn more Here's what a teacher thought of this essay 4 star(s) **** A full account of the investigation. Occasionally a lack of clarification or detail reduces the quality. Marked by teacher Adam Roberts 29/05/2013 Not the one? Search for your essay title... Search Join over 1.2 million students every month Accelerate your learning by 29% Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month See related essays Related AS and A Level Molecules & Cells essays Beetroot Practical Write up 3 star(s) However, unlike heat, the denaturing of a protein by changing its pH is normally reversible. So, by adding ethanol, betalain in beetroot diffuses out of the cell when the membrane proteins are damged. This is because of the change in pH to the cell membrane. The use of pectinase in fruit juice production The contents of this test tube acted as a control because it indicated that buffer solution has no effect on the apple sauce on its own which in turn showed that pectinase is the one which is responsible for the greater volume of apple juice produced. To investigate how temperature affects the concentration of vitamin C in orange juice (specifically ... This is similar to nutrition and medicine. Nutrition is the natural bolstering of our own systems. Medicine, on the contrary, is foreign and needs to be used with corresponding care. Due to the strong relationship between C and our immune systems, it is not surprising that viral and bacterial infections Investigation into the antibacterial properties of mint and garlic. Results: Test number Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) Mint Garlic 1 0 13 2 0 22 3 0 20 4 0 17 5 0 18 6 0 18 7 0 13 Discussion: From the results shown on the table and graph on previous pages, the mint had no anti-bacterial effect whatsoever. An experiment to find of the isotonic point of root vegetables cells in contents ... length will be slightly affected as I predict that the pressure potential applied will be below zero. This is why I can conclude in saying that the isotonic point should lie between 0.3- 0.4 for each root vegetable as my preliminary work showed me that at the 0.5-0.6M concentrations. Investigating Catalase Activity in Different Plant Tissues. From looking at the graph I have labeled the 0.056 s-1 as an anomalous result because it is much higher than any of the other results. At pH 8, my results are 0.050s-1, 0.044s-1, 0.038s-1 and 0.046s-1. From looking at the graph I have labeled the 0.038 s-1 as an Investigating how different concentrations of a antibiotic effects the growth of a bacterium. it is a very high risk when using as it may react at high temperatures and a number of metals. Therefore there must be a number of precautions taken. These include: o The precaution of the high temperature from the Bunsen and ethanol, so they always been kept away from The effect of temperature on the action of the enzyme trypsin At 0 degrees there is no reaction. The reason why 20 degrees at 0 degrees ended up with lower reaction times or times about the cut off point is because the enzyme and substrate have less heat energy, therefore less kinetic energy, so the substrate will move into the enzyme's active site more slowly. See more essays Over 160,000 pieces of student written work Annotated by experienced teachers Ideas and feedback to improve your own work Get full access now Want the latest Marked by Teachers news? Get our newsletter Sign up Follow us on: Learn more About us Plans and pricing Meet the team Advertise to students Help & legal stuff Contact us Help Terms & Conditions Privacy policy © 2003 - 2021 Marked by Teachers Ltd. All Rights Reserved. We submit all our work to: TurnItIn – the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: Save Sign up now This essay has been marked by a teacher! Sign up to view the whole essay and download a PDF with full teacher's notes.
0.973539	Stanisław Szczepanowski or Stanislaus of Kraków (July 26, 1030 – April 11?, 1079) is the patron saint of Poland. In life, he was the Bishop of Kraków, known for opposing the cruelty of King Bolesław II the Bold, who reacted by causing Stanislaus' death. Born in the village of Szczepanów, Stanislaus became Bishop of Krakow in 1076. Traditionally he is believed to have been a man of particular holiness who famously raised a man from the dead to give testimony in court on behalf of the Catholic Church. He later became involved in the political opposition to Bolesław and excommunicated the king for his immoral conduct. Legends speak of the cruel king personally carrying out Stanislaus' martyrdom by hacking him to pieces. The only nearly contemporary source on Stanislaus' life is a chronicle of Gallus Anonymus, who refrained from writing details about the bishop's conflict with the king. Later sources are the chronicles of Wincenty Kadłubek and two (hagiographies) by Wincenty of Kielce, which contain much legendary matter. Contents 1 Life 1.1 The Resurrection of Piotr 1.2 Stanislaus excommunicates the king 1.3 Martyrdom 2 Legacy 3 References 4 Credits In the twentieth century, Stanisław become an important rallying point for Poles opposed to the tyranny of Communism. Pope John Paul II called Saint Stanisław the patron saint of moral order. Stanisław is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as 'Saint Stanislaus the Martyr (as distinct from Saint Stanislaus Kostka). Life According to tradition, Stanislaus was born at Szczepanów, a village near the town of Bochnia in southern Poland, the only son of noble and pious parents, Wielisław and Bogna. He was educated at a cathedral school in Gniezno, then Poland's capital. Later, he studied in either Paris or Liège. On returning to Poland, Stanislaus was ordained a priest by Lambert Suła, Bishop of Kraków. After the bishop's death (1072), Stanislaus was elected his successor, accepting the office only at the explicit command of Pope Alexander II. Stanislaus was one of the earliest native Polish bishops. He also became a ducal adviser and thus had some influence on Polish politics. Stanislaus' accomplishments included bringing papal legates to Poland and the re-establishment of a metropolitan see in Gniezno. The latter was a precondition for Duke Bolesław's coronation as king, which took place in 1076. Stanislaus then encouraged King Bolesław to establish Benedictine monasteries to aid in the Christianization of Poland. The Resurrection of Piotr Stanislaus' first reported confrontation with King Bolesław was reportedly over a land dispute. As bishop, Stanislaus had purchased for his diocese a piece of land on the banks of the Vistula River near Lublin from a certain Piotr. However, after Piotr's death, the land had been claimed by his family. The king ruled for the claimants, but–according to legend–Stanisław resurrected Piotr so that he could confirm that he had sold the land to the church. Saint Stanisław leads Piotr before the royal tribunal. According to the account of the eighteenth-century writer Augustin Calmet, Stanislaus asked the king for three days to produce his witness. The king and court were said to have laughed at the absurd request, but the king granted Stanislaus the three days. Stanislaus spent them in ceaseless prayer, then, dressed in full bishop's regalia, went with a procession to the cemetery where Piotr had been buried three years earlier. Then, before a multitude of witnesses, Stanisław bade Piotr rise, and Piotr did so. Piotr was then brought before King Bolesław to testify on Stanislaus' behalf. The dumbfounded court heard Piotr reprimand his three sons and testify that Stanislaus had indeed paid for the land. Unable to give any other verdict, the king then dismissed the suit against the bishop. Stanislaus asked Piotr whether he wished to remain alive, but Piotr declined, and so was laid to rest once more in his grave. Stanislaus excommunicates the king A more realistic conflict with King Bolesław arose after a prolonged war in Ruthenia. Weary warriors began to desert the cause, alarmed at tidings that their overseers were taking over their estates and treating their wives as their own. According to to the early thirteenth-century chronicle of Wincenty Kadłubek, King Bolesław punished the soldiers' faithless wives very cruelly. For this he earned the courageous criticism of Stanislaus. The fifteenth-century historian Jan Długosz, however, wrote that the bishop criticized the king's own sexual immorality. Some recent historians hold that Stanislaus took part in a Bohemian-German plot designed to remove Boleslaw and replace him with his brother, Wladyslaw. Gallus Anonymus condemned both "traitor bishop" and violent king. Whatever the actual cause of the conflict between them, the upshot was that Stanislaus excommunicated Bolesław. The excommunication aided the king's political opponents, and the king accused Stanislaus of treason. Martyrdom The martyrdom of Saint Stanisław. Some accounts indicate that King Bolesław sent his men to execute Stanisław without trial, while others hold that he was duly tried and condemned to be executed by dismemberment. The hagiographies state that the king's men dared not touch the holy bishop. The king therefore decided to kill the traitor himself. He is said to have slain Stanislaus while the saint was celebrating Mass in the Skałka outside the walls of Kraków. Another account indicates the execution took place in Wawel castle. The bishop's body was then hacked to pieces and thrown into a pool outside the church. According to the legend, his members miraculously reintegrated, while the pool was guarded by four eagles. The exact date of Stanisław's death is uncertain. According to various sources, it was either April 11 or May 8, 1079. The murder stirred outrage through the land and led to the dethronement of King Bolesław II the Bold, who had to seek refuge in Hungary and was succeeded by his brother, Władysław I Herman. Whether Stanisław should be regarded a traitor or a hero remains one of the classic unresolved questions among Polish historians. However, he was nearly universally revered for centuries by both the Polish Catholic Church and its political leaders until the modern era. Legacy The cult of Saint Stanisław the martyr began almost immediately upon his death. In 1088, his relics were moved to Kraków's Wawel Cathedral. In the early-thirteenth century, Bishop Iwo Odrowąż initiated preparations for Stanisław's canonization and ordered the writing of the martyr's vita. On September 17, 1253, at Assisi, Stanisław was canonized by Pope Innocent IV. Saint Stanislaus Subsequently, Pope Clement VIII set the Stanislaus' feast day for May 7 throughout the Roman Catholic Church, though Kraków observes it May 8, the supposed date of the saint's death. The first feast of Saint Stanislaus in Kraków was celebrated May 8, 1254, and was attended by many Polish bishops and princes. As the first native Polish saint, Stanislaus is the patron of Poland and Kraków, and also of several Polish dioceses. He shares the patronage of Poland with Saint Adalbert of Prague, Florian, and Our Lady the Queen of Poland. Wawel Cathedral, which holds the Saint's relics, became a principal national shrine. Almost all the Polish kings beginning with Władysław I the Elbow-high were crowned while kneeling before Stanislaus' sarcophagus, which stands in the middle of the cathedral. In the seventeenth century, King Władysław IV Vasa commissioned an ornate silver coffin to hold the Saint's relics. It was destroyed by Swedish troops during The Deluge, but was replaced with a new one ca. 1670. Saint Stanislaus' veneration has had great patriotic importance. In the period of Poland's feudal fragmentation, it was believed that Poland would one day reintegrate as had the members of Saint Stanislaus' body. Half a millennium after Poland had indeed reintegrated, and while yet another dismemberment of the polity was underway in the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the framers of the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, would dedicate this progressive political document to Saint Stanislaus, whose feast day fell close to the date of the Constitution's adoption. Each year on May 8, a procession, led by the bishop of Kraków, goes out from Wawel to the Church on the Rock. The procession, once a local event, was popularized in the twentieth century by Polish Primate Stefan Wyszyński and Archbishop of Kraków, Karol Wojtyła. In 1979, the 900th anniversary of Stanislaus' martyrdom became the occasion of a major showdown between the Communist government of Poland and the Catholic Church, which ended Wojtyła, now Pope John Paul II, making a victorious return to his homeland as Pope. In iconography, Saint Stanisław is usually depicted as a bishop holding a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom, and sometimes with Piotr rising from the dead at his feet. Roman Catholic Churches belonging to Polish communities outside Poland are often dedicated to Saint Stanislaus. Pope John Paul II called Saint Stanislaus the patron saint of moral order, in addition to his role as the patron of Poland. References Bełch, Stanisław, and Karol Kwiatkowski. Saint Stanislaw: Patron of Poland. London: Catholic Truth Society, 1979. OCLC 5878408 Grudziński, Tadeusz. Boleslaus the Bold, Called Also the Bountiful, and Bishop Stanislaus The Story of a Conflict. Warsaw: Interpress Publishers, 1985. ISBN 9788322319888 Kaminski, B. J. Poland's Beloved Martyr. Pulaski, Wisc: Franciscan Publishers, 1957. OCLC 50256974 Nunis, Doyce Blackman. Saint Stanisław, Bishop of Kraków, in Commemoration of the 900th Anniversary of His Martyrdom in 1079. Santa Barbara, Calif: Saint Stanisław Publications Committee, 1979. ISBN 9780960294404 Preceded by: Lambert Suła Bishop of Kraków 1072–1079 Succeeded by: Lambert III Credits New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: Saint Stanislaus of Krakow history The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: History of "Saint Stanislaus of Krakow" Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Retrieved from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Saint_Stanislaus_of_Krakow&oldid=989870 Categories: Biography Religion Hidden category: Pages using ISBN magic links Privacy policy About New World Encyclopedia Disclaimers Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
0.999999	I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item. Buyers like to know what they’re getting before they purchase, so give them as much information as possible so they can buy with confidence and certainty.
0.999999	I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item. Buyers like to know what they’re getting before they purchase, so give them as much information as possible so they can buy with confidence and certainty.
0.999988	In late March and early April, President Trump repeatedly proclaimed that hydroxychloroquine could prevent or treat COVID-19. What is Hydroxychloroquine used for? Hydroxychloroquine is used to prevent or treat malaria caused by mosquito bites. This medication is also used to treat certain auto-immune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). Like every medicine we need to be careful to the several side effects Hydroxychloroquine side effects Hydroxychloroquine oral tablet doesn’t cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side effects. More common side effects The more common side effects that can occur with hydroxychloroquine include: headache dizziness diarrhea stomach cramps vomiting Mild side effects may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if they’re more severe or don’t go away. Serious side effects Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following: blurred vision or other vision changes, which may be permanent in some cases heart disease, including heart failure and issues with your heart rhythm; some cases have been fatal ringing in your ears or hearing loss angioedema (rapid swelling of your skin) hives mild or severe bronchospasm sore throat severe hypoglycemia unusual bleeding or bruising blue-black skin color muscle weakness hair loss or changes in hair color abnormal mood changes mental health effects, including suicidal thoughts https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hydroxychloroquine-oral-tablet Alternative and natural herb that can help to cure malaria, auto-immune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis): Olive Leaf Extract In Italy, people reach for a tincture of olive leaves to reduce fever, and in several countries, olive leaf extract has been used to treat malaria. From the book "Olive Leaf Extract" Dr. Morton Walker Between 1827 and 1855, medical information appeared describing the bitter tea brewed from leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea) as a potential cure of the protozoa-caused disease, malaria. Olive leaves were boiled in water and the solution was administered as a drink to malaria patients. Discover more about the healthy benefits of the olive leaf extract at: https://www.oliveleafextract.us/ Olive Polyphenols and Malaria, a back-to-the-future Antiprotozoal strategy Recently Olive polyphenols are being considered for their potential in the treatment of malaria, however medical literature’s historical reports indicate that reports about the benefits of olive extracts in the treatment of malaria date as far back as 1800. In this draft I discuss evidences validating the hypothesis of a potential role for olive polyphenols in an antiprotozoal strategies for the treatment of Malaria via the findings relating to a commercially available proprietary formulation of olive polyphenols. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330858032_Olive_Polyphenols_and_Malaria_a_back-to-the-future_Antiprotozoal_strategy Can herbal treatments for malaria work? A number of scientific studies show that herbal treatments for malaria are in most cases more effective than patent drugs in both treating as well as preventing malaria. By 1906, scientists claimed that olive leaf extracts were superior to quinine, the primary treatment for malaria at the time.
0.999999	I'm a product description. I'm a great place to add more details about your product such as sizing, material, care instructions and cleaning instructions.
0.999613	President Joe Biden paid tribute to former Secretary of State Colin Powell at the White House Monday, calling him "one of our great military leaders and a man of overwhelming decency." Powell died from Monday from COVID-19 complications. Former US secretary of state Colin Powell dies of COVID-19 complications Will Dunham and Arshad MohammedReuters October 18, 2021 9:54PM Topics World NewsAmericas - USA, Canada, South AmericaConflict and WarWorld Politics Colin Powell, the first black US secretary of state and top military officer, has died at the age of 84 due to complications from COVID-19. He was fully vaccinated, his family said in a statement on Facebook. “We have lost a remarkable and loving husband, father, grandfather and a great American,” his family said, offering thanks to the staff of the hospital near Washington DC who treated Powell but providing few details about his illness. Powell was one of the most prominent black figures in the US for decades. He served three Republican presidents in senior posts and reached the top of the US military as it was regaining its vigour after the trauma of the Vietnam War. In a brief statement, the Powell family said he had died on Monday morning from COVID-19, had been fully vaccinated against the disease and it thanked the medical staff at Walter Reed National Medical Center. Camera IconA family Facebook post says former US secretary of state Colin Powell, 84, has died. Credit: AP It did not address such matters as what vaccine he received or whether he had gotten a booster shot, when he fell ill, when he may have been hospitalised and whether he may have had underlying health conditions that contributed to his illness. Condolences poured in, including from former president George W Bush. “Many presidents relied on General Powell’s counsel and experience,” Bush wrote in a statement. “He was such a favourite of presidents that he earned the Presidential Medal of Freedom - twice.” Powell served as US national security adviser under president Ronald Reagan from 1987 to 1989. As a four-star srmy general, he was chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under president George HW Bush during the 1991 Gulf War in which US-led forces expelled Iraqi troops from neighbouring Kuwait. A moderate Republican and a pragmatist, Powell later served as secretary of state under President George W Bush and was the public face of the erroneous intelligence that the United States cited to justify its March 2003 invasion of Iraq. Play Video President Joe Biden paid tribute to former Secretary of State Colin Powell at the White House Monday, calling him "one of our great military leaders and a man of overwhelming decency." Powell died from Monday from COVID-19 complications. President Joe Biden paid tribute to former Secretary of State Colin Powell at the White House Monday, calling him "one of our great military leaders and a man of overwhelming decency." Powell died from Monday from COVID-19 complications. He considered running for president in 1996 but his wife Alma’s worries about his safety helped him decide otherwise. In 2008, he broke with his party to endorse Democrat Barack Obama, the first black person elected to the White House. Illustrating his deep misgivings about the evolution of the Republican Party, Powell endorsed Democrats Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election and Joe Biden last year against Donald Trump. Powell called Trump a liar who presented a danger to the United States. Powell will forever be associated with his controversial presentation on February 5, 2003, to the UN Security Council, making president George W Bush’s case that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein constituted an imminent danger to the world because of its stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons. He admitted later that the presentation was rife with inaccuracies and twisted intelligence provided by others in the Bush administration and represented “a blot” that will “always be a part of my record”. Former UK prime minister Tony Blair, who led his country into the Iraq war alongside the US, said on Monday that Powell was a “towering figure” who “still had so much to give”.
0.999997	We use your sign-up to provide content in ways you've consented to and to improve our understanding of you. This may include adverts from us and 3rd parties based on our understanding. You can unsubscribe at any time. More info Thank you for subscribingWe have more newslettersShow meSee ourprivacy notice Over 2.3 million people around the world suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. The nervous-system disease has a huge impact on the brain and spinal chord and blocks the 'messages' from the brain to the body causing a long list of health issues. Some include: vision problems, muscle weakness, numbness, memory issues and co-ordination isuses. While there is no known cure for the disease, there is early warning signs that you can look out for to help you detect multiple sclerosis early. A neurologist from Providence Saint John's Health Centre in California told Women's Health Magazine that: "It is certainly possible to get it earlier or later in life, but one of the worst parts of MS is that it often strikes people in their physical prime." Here are some of the early signs to look out for: A change in your vision If you have noticed that you vision is starting to get worse, it could possibly be an early sign of MS. If you are experiencing dimming, blurring, doubling or a loss of vision completely - you need to consult a medical professional as soon as possible. Optic neuritis is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis that causes your optic nerve to inflame. Feeling clumsy or dizzy If you have started to notice that you're not as steady on your feet and experience dizziness or vertigo, it could be a warning sign of early MS. Feeling dizzy or clumsier than normal is one of the earliest signs of the disease. Kathleen Costello who is a a nurse practitioner and associate vice president of healthcare access at the National Multiple Sclerosis Society said: "You have a sense that either you or the room is moving. "This may be a spinning sensation, or it may feel like you are on a boat. This may cause nausea or vomiting, and it may worsen with movement." It is worth seeing your GP to voice your concerns if you start to notice any, but it can also be a sign of an inner-ear problem, low blood pressure or other medical conditions. Feeling extremely tired We can all suffer from tiredness due to lack of sleep or because of working a lot. If you get sudden spells of extremely exhaustion that last for more than a week and find that it is affecting your day-to-day life, you should visit a medical professional. Multiple Sclerosis can cause a sense of tiredness that is "overwhelming" as the disease can destroy the nerves in your spinal column. Read More Related Articles Five common medications that should never be mixed with alcohol Numbness of tingling sensations MS has a huge impact on your central nervous system which can cause parts of your body to experience numbness of a tingling sensation. Those with the disease usually experience "prickly" or "tingling" feelings in their arms, hands, feet, face or legs. The signals that transfer from your brain and spinal chord to the rest of your body can be affected by MS which results in the unusual sensations. If you are worried, you should visit your doctor to rule out any underlying medical issues. Follow RSVPLive FacebookTwitter More On Health Life all Most Read Most Recent PenneysPenneys have the cosiest festive bedding from €20The tartan duvet set comes in a forest green and burgundy check print, with a cream fleece reverse underside. It has matching tartan pillows in the same print and will definitely bring on sweet dreams when you hit the hay Cork bride woke up mute on her wedding day - but it didn't spoil the fun Bride of the Week'On the morning of the wedding I woke up mute, with no voice (not Covid related) and had to go to the doctor and get a steroid injection in my bum. It didn't spoil my day though - my voice came back for my vows!' Dublin woman says losing five stone due to her insecurities 'holding her back' has changed her life Weight lossRebecca felt like her weight had been holding her back for years and it was having a negative effect on her mental health, so during lockdown she vowed to make a change Limerick expert explains the best way to hang lights on your Christmas tree interiorsLimerick-based interior designer Wioleta Kelly suggests a more unconventional approach for hanging lights on your tree that will give the wow factor How to clean grease marks from your oven door - the bargain trick from Mrs Hinch fans to get that oven sparking Life“Literally never going to be able to stop telling people about this hack," one social media cleaning community member shared about the magic tip for cleaning that oven Real LifeDublin children's struggle with post-Covid anxiety inspired their mums to create a businessDublin mums and sisters Sandra and Jane noticed that the pandemic had had a negative effect on their daughters - they developed anxiety and struggled starting primary school Dublin woman says losing five stone due to her insecurities 'holding her back' has changed her life Weight lossRebecca felt like her weight had been holding her back for years and it was having a negative effect on her mental health, so during lockdown she vowed to make a change Penneys have the cosiest festive bedding from €20 PenneysThe tartan duvet set comes in a forest green and burgundy check print, with a cream fleece reverse underside. It has matching tartan pillows in the same print and will definitely bring on sweet dreams when you hit the hay Limerick expert explains the best way to hang lights on your Christmas tree interiorsLimerick-based interior designer Wioleta Kelly suggests a more unconventional approach for hanging lights on your tree that will give the wow factor Living with parosmia: The little known Covid-19 side effect that makes it almost impossible to eat Real LifeThe rare Covid-19 virus side effect has plagued Becci for three months, and has impacted her 'mentally and physically' as mealtimes have become a struggle Most Read Most Recent KilkennyFull gallery of images as Kilkenny hurlers join TJ Reid at his wedding to Niamh De Brun in LimerickGer Aylward, Walter Walsh, Richie Hogan, Paul Murphy, Joey Holden and Eoin Murphy posed for a team snap and GAA legend Henry Shefflin was in attendance with his wife Deirdre I'm a Celebrity 2021: Richard Madeley and wife Judy have a wide age gap and it affected them in lockdown I'm a CelebrityThe happy couple, who have been married for 35 years, first met when they began working together on an ITV show in Granada Studios back in 1982 before getting married four years later RTE's Kathryn Thomas' newborn baby was hospitalised for three days after bronchitis diagnosis RTEKathryn mentioned last week that baby Grace wasn't feeling well, but things worsened over the week leading to a three day hospital stay before Grace was thankfully released this weekend Henry and Deirdre Shefflin share snaps from TJ Reid and Niamh De Brun’s stunning Adare Manor wedding Henry ShefflinThere was a reunion of Kilkenny sports stars at the wedding of hurler TJ Reid and blogger Niamh De Brun. Kilkenny legend Henry Shefflin and his wife Deirdre shares some snaps from the sunning five star venue Travel restrictions set to be put in place as the Omicron variant sparks growing concern CoronavirusAs the Omicron variant continues to cause concern, Ireland had joined the EU in discouraging travel to and from the impacted countries - however, it looks as through travel restrictions and isolation rules will officially come into place soon Real LifeDublin children's struggle with post-Covid anxiety inspired their mums to create a businessDublin mums and sisters Sandra and Jane noticed that the pandemic had had a negative effect on their daughters - they developed anxiety and struggled starting primary school The anti-ageing non-surgical 'tweakment' recommended by a doctor to keep you youthful BeautyTweakments are the latest trend growing in popularity that can keep you looking youthful without invasive surgical procedures - such as dermal fillers and laser treatments RTE's Brian O'Connell says he's 'lucky' to still be sober and alive 17 years after rehab RTEBrian, an RTE reporter and author, struggled with alcohol for years before his family intervened and he sought treatment 17 years ago - he reflects on his time in rehab and the friends he met there Dublin woman says losing five stone due to her insecurities 'holding her back' has changed her life Weight lossRebecca felt like her weight had been holding her back for years and it was having a negative effect on her mental health, so during lockdown she vowed to make a change Travel restrictions set to be put in place as the Omicron variant sparks growing concern CoronavirusAs the Omicron variant continues to cause concern, Ireland had joined the EU in discouraging travel to and from the impacted countries - however, it looks as through travel restrictions and isolation rules will officially come into place soon Top Stories Travel restrictions set to be put in place as the Omicron variant sparks growing concern CoronavirusAs the Omicron variant continues to cause concern, Ireland had joined the EU in discouraging travel to and from the impacted countries - however, it looks as through travel restrictions and isolation rules will officially come into place soon RTE's Brian O'Connell says he's 'lucky' to still be sober and alive 17 years after rehab RTEBrian, an RTE reporter and author, struggled with alcohol for years before his family intervened and he sought treatment 17 years ago - he reflects on his time in rehab and the friends he met there The anti-ageing 'tweakments' that could transform your skin, according to a doctor BeautyTweakments are the latest trend growing in popularity that can keep you looking youthful without invasive surgical procedures - such as dermal fillers and laser treatments How to protect your hair and keep it healthy during autumn and winter weather hairTemperatures are beginning to drop which means your hair will need a new routine. Here are the best tips to keep your locks soft, smooth and healthy over the autumn and winter months. Dublin children's struggle with post-Covid anxiety inspired their mums to create a business Real LifeDublin mums and sisters Sandra and Jane noticed that the pandemic had had a negative effect on their daughters - they developed anxiety and struggled starting primary school Full gallery of images as Kilkenny hurlers join TJ Reid at his wedding to Niamh De Brun in Limerick KilkennyGer Aylward, Walter Walsh, Richie Hogan, Paul Murphy, Joey Holden and Eoin Murphy posed for a team snap and GAA legend Henry Shefflin was in attendance with his wife Deirdre Inside Coronation Street’s Simon Gregsons’ family house away from Steve McDonald role and I’m A Celeb Coronation StreetThe soap star lives with his wife Emma Gleave and their three children in a comfy and cosy family home away from the silver screen and life on the UK’s longest running soap Dublin woman says losing five stone due to insecurities 'holding her back' has changed her life Weight lossRebecca felt like her weight had been holding her back for years and it was having a negative effect on her mental health, so during lockdown she vowed to make a change Mrs Makeup, Michelle Regazzoli Stone, announces she’s expecting fourth child RTE"I've cried since I found out thinking this is too good to be true, praying every night that all will be ok. As I step over the halfway line of my pregnancy my guardian angel has answered all my prayers." Jess Redden has collected her dream dress ahead of upcoming wedding to Rob Kearney CelebsThe couple first started dating in 2013 when Jess was a 21-year-old student and Rob was 28 and playing professional rugby and they got engaged on New Year's Eve 2019 RTE's Kathryn Thomas' newborn baby was hospitalised for three days after bronchitis diagnosis RTEKathryn mentioned last week that baby Grace wasn't feeling well, but things worsened over the week leading to a three day hospital stay before Grace was thankfully released this weekend I'm a Celebrity campmates evacuated from castle and show cancelled as Storm Arwen hits Wales I'm a CelebrityThe likes of Frankie Bridge, Adam Woodyatt, Naughty Boy, Simon Gregson and Arlene Phillips have all been moved to a secure location until it is safe to resume filming
0.99992	SHELBURNE -While there will be some activity and initial work done to the Falls Lane Bridge in Shelburne later this fall, actual construction of a new bridge won’t begin until spring of 2016.   Amy Woolvett \| Posted: Sept. 23, 2015, midnight \| Updated: Sept. 30, 2017, 2:10 a.m. \| 1 Min Read The historic Millstones building was taken down earlier this year to make way for the construction of a two-lane bridge. FILE Brian Taylor, a representative with the Department of Transportation, confirmed that the tender closed on Sept. 4 and the contract will soon be awarded. “Due to the lateness of the season work won’t start on the bridge until the spring,” he said. Taylor said there was some worry about the detour being able to carry both snow and carload simultaneously. The DOT plan to install the detour bridge over the current walking path. Once complete, the detour will be closed and not maintained until spring. It is expected that work on the detour will begin this fall. After the completion of the new double lane bridge, the detour bridge will be reverted back into a walking bridge Taylor said the DOT is still in discussions over what will become of the land where the Millhouse property once sat. It was leveled earlier this year to allow for the project.
0.998991	Website Creation Software includes powerful graphics tools in creating a truly professional site with a wide range of options. It has a unique combination of creativity, efficiency, and economy. It has drag-and-drop functionality to enhance usability. It allows creation of HTML5 and CSS3 websites that are compatible to the screen sizes of the devices like mobile phone, computer, tablets, and other devices without coding. HTML5 is the next major version of HTML that introduces a bunch of new elements that will make the webpage more semantic while CSS3 is used in styling of the comment form, footer and sidebar. And if it is implemented into all browsers, creating a websites will become easier. Website Creation Software will let you create sites without requirements of any coding knowledge. There are five reviews used to evaluate the best website creation software: • Feature Set – website creation software should have a wide range options that creates many types of website. It support different scripts, multimedia support, eCommerce integration and so much more. • Templates – website creation software should have a high quality webpage template that will find ease when creating a site. It has extensive libraries of intuitive easy-to-use webpage templates. • Graphics and Imaging Tools – website creation software should come with a large, built-in library of images, including art, animated GIFs, button, and other images where you can manipulate the images at various solution which makes webpage run smoother. It can resize, crop, and compress the images. • Ease of Use – website creation software should be friendly and easy to learn. • Help and Support – website creation software offer a comprehensive user guide and help system. It includes tutorial to teach users how to use the software. With the use of Website Creation Software, websites are now easier to create as well as user friendly. This software is great to use not only by developers but also novice users. It gives the ability to upgrade the content of a website. There is no need to write a program or code or even knowledge in programming every time when you need to make a change on your site. It allows the new user or even the advance user to learn in order to create an eye-catching website. In creating a website that can attract people, it requires at least the basic ability in graphic design and a good flow of layouts and contents. Whenever you are designing or organizing the site, you keep your attention to the content of your site in which many users are not focusing to the design but also on the layout and content of the website. You need to understand what visually appeals to the people in order to keep them attracted to the website that you create. In order to keep people viewing your website, you create a unique website that has an appeal to attract users to visit your site. It boasts comprehensive multimedia support which means you can add or insert audio and video as well. About Simbla Trying to create a website for their own business, Simbla's founders recognized, over the years, a lack of excellent, simple tools available on the market. Therefore, in 2013 Simbla was founded, for the purpose of providing a smart and easy website building solution for all kinds of business. Simbla's founders have more than 15 years of experience with web-based platforms and website building. We are helping SMB's to create a web presence and to evolve easily into a highly competitive market.
0.997276	A year after the first Covid jab was given in the UK, Pfizer chief vows: 'I'd give my six-year-old daughter the vaccine tomorrow' Barclays boss calls shareholders to warn messages between Jeffrey Epstein and Jes Staley make 'uncomfortable' reading Comic mischief-maker Dennis the Menace can still cause a stir as he hits 70: Old Beano Christmas annuals are selling to collectors for £7,000 Will new care cap stop you having to sell your home? We explain what the the social care funding overhaul means As slick adverts with rapper Snoop Dogg tempt young to splash out - beware the Christmas shopping 'pay later' debt trap New 40-year mortgage could 'make all the difference' for struggling first-time buyers - but are they cheaper than short-term deals? We do the sums JEFF PRESTRIDGE: I'd be surprised if LV has persuaded enough members to hand over control to Bain - it's a deal for City advisers NOT the customers What LV needs is credible people at the top who can command respect and trust - not the Laurel and Hardy of mutual insurance, says RUTH SUNDERLAND GlaxoSmithKline ready for human trials of HIV cure as boss mounts fight-back against activist investors HAMISH MCRAE: See wobble on markets as something that is both inevitable and healthy - there will be more shocks but future looks bright Powerful committee of MPs to launch sweeping review of energy market as taxpayers face £3bn bill - £100 per household - for failed power suppliers As French billionaire stalks Britain's biggest telecoms group, private equity firms size up BT cable arm - sending its value rocketing to £40BN Private equity firm Bain mounts staunch defence of controversial takeover of LV by saying it will preserve historic brand Is your 'green' fund really any different to one without the trendy label? Top experts warn they can be almost identical - and demand a crackdown MIDAS SHARE TIPS: Rare metals for your earphones? If you want a hit for your investment portfolio try Rainbow Rare Earths If I was running a company with a pension scheme, for the sake of my employees, I would not entrust it to Mercer, says TONY HETHERINGTON How charitable are YOUR Christmas cards? Customers urged to buy direct as some high street shops pass on as little as 10p to good causes Post Office aiming to double number of branches where customers can pick up Amazon purchases and grow parcel business to more than £100m Inflation is back - but you can shield your nest egg, says MR MONEY MAKER Justin Urquhart Stewart Social impact investing can be good for society... and bring inflation-beating returns GRACE ON THE CASE: I paid for scans with MRI Plus but it did the wrong areas and my GP said a report was 'poorly put together' - where's my refund? 'Think twice before gifting an e-scooter this Christmas': Experts say riders are at risk of injuries, fines, and even points on their driving licence House deposit to earnings ratio hits all-time high, as typical buyer now puts down 110% of annual income as a deposit Previous Next Shoppers set to spend more than £100bn online for the first time this year as more people use smartphones for web purchases Barclaycard found that the amount spent online is increasing on average by 11% each year Online music sales up more than 120% on last year, with more than 75 per cent of all music purchases now taking place online BUT it also turns out that many of the items bought online end up lying around the house unused By This Is Money Reporter Published: 09:42 EST, 23 May 2014 \| Updated: 09:42 EST, 23 May 2014 e-mail 5 View comments Britons’ growing reliance on the internet for their purchases means the amount spent on online shopping could top £107billion this year, according to new research, with music downloads the fastest growing sector. Barclaycard, which found that the amount spent online is increasing on average by 11 per cent each year, said online sales of music were up more than 120 per cent on last year, with more than 75 per cent of all music purchases now taking place online. Two separate studies also suggest smartphones play an important role in the rise of online shopping and the amounts spent on it. Online boost: Barclaycard found the amount spent online is increasing on average by 11 per cent each year. Research commissioned by Google found that Britons used their mobile phones to shop online more than any other European countries – a chunky 30 per cent - with some 68 per cent of people living in the UK now owning a smartphone. And online retail association IMRG said 45 per cent of all visits to online retailers and 33 per cent of sales come from smartphones and tablets. More... Retail sales see strongest growth in ten years, says ONS, leaping 7% in April amid ongoing consumer confidence Shoppers flock to the High Street to buy clothes for the warmer weather giving retail sales a boost in March 50 ways to save money: Simple steps to cut what you spend that could clear your debts or seriously boost your savings Chris Wood, Barclaycard's managing director, said: ‘Online shopping has come a long way since it first emerged in 1984 and now accounts for one in every £5 spent on credit and debit cards in the UK. More and more of us are turning to the web to research, compare prices and buy everything from cinema trips and electronics to the latest fashions, making it an inextricable part of modern retail.’ Andrew McClelland, chief operations and policy officer at IMRG, said: ‘Today's consumers are just getting to grips with the opportunities that technology brings to their everyday lives. Everything from booking a taxi through to buying a car can be done through digital channels. ‘Over the next few years, internet shopping will increasingly become the norm as more of us become accustomed to researching and buying products through online stores. The devices we purchase from are also likely to change in the next few years, whether it's through shopping online using our smart watch, or programming our smart fridges to order groceries online as soon as they've run out.’ But it also turns out that many of the items bought online end up lying around the house unused, according to another survey published today. On average, people were found to splash out £948 a year online, but around 11 per cent of this sum, or £107 has been wasted on items which have gone unused, the Money Advice Service (MAS) found. Among the most popular items bought and soon forgotten feature clothes, electrical gadgets and DVDs, with many shoppers saying they did not feel like to return the items because it would be ‘too much hassle’. ebay attack: online shoppers received a warning about safety on the web this week when e-commerce giant eBay confirmed its database had been hacked. Three in five (59 per cent) of online shoppers said they were less likely to return items snapped up online. Of these, 83 per cent said it was ‘too much hassle’ to go to the effort of posting the item back. Some 13 per cent said they ‘tend to forget’, while one in ten (9 per cent) said they do not have the time. Researchers also found that people who said they do not have enough money to put into savings were more likely than the population generally to say that returning online items is too much of a nuisance to bother. Londoners were found to waste the most on unused online purchases, with £180 worth of goods lying around in their homes typically, according to the survey of 2,000 people. In Scotland, people typically had £94 worth of unused internet purchases lying around at home, while in Northern Ireland the figure was £57 and in Wales it was £66. LONDONERS MOST LIKELY TO WASTE ONLINE PURCHASES Here are the typical amounts people have in unused internet purchases by region, according to the MAS: East Anglia, £176.03 East Midlands, £60.38 London, £180.55 North East, £99.58 North West, £143.19 Northern Ireland, £57.14 Scotland, £93.61 South East, £103.88 South West, £55.93 Wales, £65.74 West Midlands £74.97 Yorkshire and the Humber, £70.12 The MAS, an independent body set up by Government to offer free, impartial money tips, said people should beware of enticing online discount vouchers which tempt them into buying something they did not really need or paying more than they had intended. Jackie Spencer, a money expert at the MAS, said: ‘We all make a wrong purchase from time-to-time, and it's so easy to do this online, especially when clothes shopping. ‘But hoarding unused purchases at home, rather than returning them when you can, makes no financial sense - it's the equivalent of sitting on a pile of burning cash. ‘So if you have unloved, new purchases around the house, return them if you can, or get busy selling them online to generate some extra cash for a rainy day. You'll feel great knowing you have saved money, and freed up some valuable space in your home.’ Earlier this week, mobile provider EE reported an increase in the amount of people who are now 'showrooming', a practice where mobile users browse for deals online while in physical stores on the high street in the hope of saving money. According to EE's findings, more than 40 per cent of consumers use their device while in-store to increase their chances of saving money. Other industries have also been embracing technology in order to boost sales, according to Barclaycard's research ‘The music and airline industries are prime examples of where businesses have fully embraced the potential of the internet and have made it their main source of business’, said Mr Wood. ‘These sectors show it is vital for retailers to move quickly to keep pace with their customers' desire to shop online, where they can build deeper relationships and engage with customers, or they risk being left behind.’ However, online shoppers received a warning about safety on the web this week when e-commerce giant eBay confirmed its database had been hacked, and account information, but not financial data, had been compromised. The US-based company is still investigating the hack, but has been criticised for its lack of response to such a large-scale breach of security. Users have been encouraged to change their passwords, but eBay has made little other information public. 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0.99935	Thanks for your guidance, it is a very helpful! I did all the steps on my test infrastructure, though I had a reduced set of virtual machines. It seems to me that there is an error in section 5 (maybe my comment will help other people) You suggest to execute the command: certutil -f -dspublish "E: \ ROOTCA_windows noob Root CA.crt" RootCA Where RootCA , as you write, is the host name of offline Root CA, however certutil helps us: CertUtil [Options] -dsPublish CertFile [NTAuthCA \| RootCA \| SubCA \| CrossCA \| KRA \| User \| Machine] ... CertFile - certificate file to publish NTAuthCA - Publish cert to DS Enterprise store RootCA - Publish cert to DS Trusted Root store SubCA - Publish CA cert to DS CA object CrossCA - Publish cross cert to DS CA object ... So RootCA in this case is not the host name here, but the store name. Your host name matches the store name, and your command has been executed. My Root CA name was different, and when I will have tried to execute the command certutil -f -dspublish "C:\from_RCA\RCA01_My-CA.crt" RCA01 i got an error CertUtil: -dsPublish command FAILED: 0x80070057 (WIN32: 87 ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) CertUtil: The parameter is incorrect. however command certutil -f -dspublish "C:\from_RCA\RCA01_My-CA.crt" RootCA performed correctly. Next command in your manual certutil -f -dspublish "E: \ windows noob Root CA.crl" RootCA is correct, because to publish CRL you must specify the host name: CertUtil [Options] -dsPublish CRLFile [DSCDPContainer [DSCDPCN]] .... CRLFile - CRL file to publish DSCDPContainer - DS CDP container CN, usually the CA machine name February 25, 2020 2 points Citrix Workspace Updates Use the application substitution rule, first do the uninstallation of the old version parameters or scripts, in the installation will first uninstall the old version before installing the new version November 16 1 point CMTrace set as default LOG viewer during OSD Hello, I am trying to deploy CMTrace as part of the TS (SCCM 2012 SP1, no MDT integration) and also set it as default log viewer. This is my powershell script: $RelativePath = (split-path $SCRIPT:MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path -parent)+"\" Copy-Item -Path $RelativePath"CMTrace.exe" -Destination "c:\temp\" -Force xcopy "c:\temp\CMtrace.exe" "c:\windows\System32" /y xcopy "c:\temp\CMtrace.exe" "c:\windows\SYSWOW64" /y $CMtraceKey = "HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Trace32" Set-ItemProperty -Path $CMtraceKey -Name "Register File Types" -Value 00000000 $Parameters = "assoc .log=logfile" cmd.exe /c $Parameters The xcopy commands do not work for some reason, and smsts log doesn't show me anything. Can somebody advise on why the copy commands do not work and how can I apply the HKCU key properly ? Thanks November 2 1 point sccm 2103, 2107 cmtrace tools open OSD smsts log in PE environment, complete windows environment does not display Chinese text Yes, I am very sure. I was communicating with other it users and they also encountered this situation October 28 1 point Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining – part 3 Creating a Cloud Management Gateway Introduction This is part 3 in a series of guides about cloud attach in Microsoft Endpoint Manager, with the aim of getting you up and running with all things cloud attach. This part will focus on creating a Cloud Management Gateway (CMG). This series is co-written by Niall & Paul, both of whom are Enterprise Mobility MVP’s with broad experience in the area of modern management. Paul is 4 times Enterprise Mobility MVP based in the UK and Niall is 10 times Enterprise Mobility MVP based in Sweden. In part 1 we configured Azure AD connect to sync accounts from the on premise infrastructure to the cloud. In part 2, we prepared Azure resources for the Cloud Management Gateway, in this part we'll create the cloud management gateway and verify everything is running smoothly. A Cloud Management Gateway gives you a whole bunch of new abilities for managing, imaging computers, escrowing BitLocker keys and delivering software, updates and policy to remote based internet enabled clients. Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 1 Configuring Azure AD connect Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 2 Prepare for a Cloud Management Gateway Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 3 Creating a Cloud Management Gateway Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 4 Enabling co-management Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 5 Enabling compliance policies workload Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 6 Enabling conditional access Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 7 Co-managing Azure AD devices Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 8 Enabling tenant attach Step 1. Create Cloud Management Gateway Note: The screenshots here were taken in Configuration Manager version 2010 so some features such as Virtual Machine Scale Set available in later releases may not be visible. In the Configuration Manager console, go to the Administration workspace, expand Cloud Services, and select Cloud Management Gateway. Right click and choose Create Cloud Management Gateway. Click on Sign in and when prompted, use the credentials of an Azure subscription administrator account. The wizard will auto-populate the remaining fields from the information stored during the Azure AD integration prerequisite. If you own more than one subscription, select the Subscription ID of the desired subscription using the drop down menu. Specify the Azure environment for this CMG. The options in the drop-down list may vary depending upon the deployment method. The screenshot below was taken from ConfigMgr version 2010 which we used at the time of writing this lab. And the screenshot below shows the new option to decide how you want to deploy your cloud services. Virtual Machine Scale Set which is available as a production feature in ConfigMgr version 2107 and later versions, prior to that verion is was available as a pre-release feature. For details of the difference in choosing Virtual Machine Scale Set versus Cloud service (classic) see Paul's post here. To change the size of your Virtual Machine Scale Set see this post. On the Settings page of the wizard, click Browse and choose the .pfx file you created in step 5 of this blog post for the Cloud Management Gateway server authentication certificate. The name from this certificate populates the required Service FQDN and Service name fields. Enter the password when prompted Next, click the Region drop-down menu to choose the Azure region for your Cloud Management Gateway. For the Resource Group, if you choose Use existing, then select an existing resource group from the drop-down list. The selected resource group must already exist in the region you selected above. If you choose Create new, then enter the new resource group name. In the VM Instance field, enter the number of VMs for this service. The default is one, but you can scale up to 16 VMs per CMG. Note: If you select an existing resource group and it is in a different region than the previously selected region, the Cloud Management Gateway will fail to provision. Click on Certificates to add client trusted root certificates. Add all of the certificates in the trust chain, so for example if you have certificates from an Issuing CA (Intermediate CA) and Offline Root CA (Trusted Root CA) then include both certificates. An example of that PKI setup is here. Here were the certificates we used (Trusted Root and Issuing). Start with the Trusted Root first. If you need to use an Intermediate certificate from an Issuing CA then you will get a popup stating that it's not a valid root, it is safe to ignore that popup as long as you do include the trusted root. Here are our certs listed after adding them, you may have more (or less) depending on your PKI setup. Note: By default, the wizard enables the option to Verify Client Certificate Revocation. A certificate revocation list (CRL) must be publicly published for this verification to work. That would be handled by the webserver in my PKI guide. Configure your desired Alerts Review the summary and if you need to make changes click Previous, otherwise it's time to start monitoring logs. Complete the wizard, close it and you should see the CMG is in a state of Provisioning. And open the CloudMgr.log, below you can see it's starting the task of creating the CMG. After a while the status changes to Upgrading (click Refresh to see the change). And when the log file reads RanToCompletion, you can assume it's ready. As reflected in the console. Step 2. Add the CMG connection point role The CMG connection point is the site system role for communicating with the CMG. In Servers and Site System Roles, right click on your on-premise site server and choose Add Site System Roles. If you need to use a Proxy to communicate with the CMG then configure it here. On the System Role Selection page of the Add Site System Roles Wizard, select Cloud management gateway connection point. Then select the Cloud management gateway name to which this server connects. The wizard shows the region for the selected CMG. Continue through the wizard until completion, and then close the wizard. Next, open the SMS_Cloud_ProxyConnector.log to review things. You might see some connection issues listed, fear not, it will retry in 60 seconds. If the lines in red don't go away you might want to take a glance at the required ports for the CMG connection point. Note: For the service connection point the Server: Azure entry relates to management.azure.com. The CMG connection point ports 10140-10155 and 10124-10139 are incremental per VM that you assign when creating the CMG. So, if you build 2 VM instances, you will use ports 10140, 10141 and 10124, 10125. You need to assign the rule to name of the CMG to which your clients resolve, so we would enter cloudattachcmg.azurenoob.com in our rule. For the blob storage rule, you need to enter the prefix of the CMG name plus .blob.core.windows.net in your rule. So we would enter cloudattachcmg.blob.core.windows.net in our firewall rule. Once the connection is made you'll see the following in the log file "Starting to connect to Proxy server cloudattachcmg..." And when the connection is complete you can see it reflected in the console in the Connection Points tab of the CMG, it should have a Connection status of Connected. Step 3. Configure client-facing roles for CMG traffic Next we need to configure the management point and software update point site systems to accept CMG traffic. You should perform this procedure on the primary site, for all management points and software update points that service internet-based clients. In the Configuration Manager console, go to the Administration workspace, expand Site Configuration, and select the Servers and Site System Roles node. Select Management point from the list. In the Management point properties sheet under Client Connections, check the box next to Allow Configuration Manager cloud management gateway traffic. Apply the changes and close the Management Point properties. Next, open the Software Update Point role properties. Check the box next to Allow Configuration Manager cloud management gateway traffic in WSUS Configuration. Step 4. Configure client settings In the Administration node of the console, select Client Settings, select Default client settings, and configure the Cloud settings. Verify that Enable clients to use a cloud management gateway is set to Yes. If you don't want this to apply to all of your clients in the hierarchy, create a custom client device settings instead and deploy it to a device collection containing the clients you want enabled. Step 5. Verify by running the connection analyzer Now that you've configured the cloud management gateway, it's time to verify that everything is OK. In the Administration node of ConfigMgr, select Cloud Services, then select Cloud Management Gateway. Click on Connection Analyzer in the ribbon. At the Cloud management gateway connection analyzer screen, click Sign in and use the azure credentials you used to set this up. Once done, click on Start. If everything went according to plan it should look like this. If you had a problem, it might look like this...If it does, highlight the red x to see more details of the issue. and in this particular case we had to upgrade the cmg (timing issue perhaps ?) by clicking on Synchronize configuration in the ribbon. Notice how it says Upgrading. You can also refer to the CloudMgr.log to see it upgrading the configuration in such a scenario. That's it for this part, you now have a CMG in place and are ready for our next part of our cloud attach series. Related reading CMG FAQ - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/core/clients/manage/cmg/cloud-management-gateway-faq Data flow for CMG - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/core/clients/manage/cmg/data-flow Managing remote clients with a CMG - https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/configuration-manager-blog/managing-remote-machines-with-cloud-management-gateway-in/ba-p/1233895 October 27 1 point Clients not getting self singed certs I'm glad you got it sorted October 11 1 point Clients not getting self singed certs take a look at my two posts here, they cover everything you need to convert to https, they'll cover a bit more than Justins excellent video, so do please verify you didn't miss anything How can I configure System Center Configuration Manager in HTTPS mode (PKI) - Part 1 How can I configure System Center Configuration Manager in HTTPS mode (PKI) - Part 2 also, keep in mind that certs can expire, and when they do you'll have issues, like this https://www.niallbrady.com/2020/08/16/how-can-i-replace-an-expired-iis-certificate-in-a-pki-enabled-configmgr-environment/ if you want to really test PKI is working then try pxe boot (operating system deployment), if it fails you'll see it failing quickly in the logs, and that'll be a clue that you've missed something, also, on PKI managed clients, your configmgr client agent should report that the client is PKI, like this... September 23 1 point Clients not getting self singed certs try setting it like this September 17 1 point SCCM v2103 Enhanced HTTP with BitLocker Management Hi, Well guess what, it finally appeared after 5 days, I did not change anything since and this morning that appeared on the computer: Thanks to both of you for you answers and help! Have a nice day! September 8 1 point How can I dynamically install Windows 10 language packs and associated features on demand in an offline environment Introduction Sometimes you need to install Windows features that normally need internet access (to install other components), language packs installed today are done in a modular and different format from previous years. In previous times you could simply install a language pack for the associate language and all was good, now there are additional components that also need to be installed otherwise Windows will attempt to download them from the internet (and notify you via the notification center if it cannot). I needed to install Windows 10 LTSC version 2019 in an offline environment (with no internet access) and I also needed to configure language pack settings and configure keyboard layout. I came up with a solution that works for me and I thought I'd share it. You might know of a simpler or better way, if so feel free to comment. Note: The LTSC (Long Term Servicing Channel) version of Windows 10 is suited for special environments, and environments without Internet certainly are special. I've even verified that the equivalent version of Windows 10 (aka Windows 10 version 1809) behaves the same way, in fact the screenshots used here are from Windows 10 1809, I didn't import LTSC into my lab yet. I've also tested this method with Windows 10 version 2004 (and the associated version 2004 LP and FOD files and it works perfectly ! Step 1. Get the feature on demand packages Normally if you install a language pack on a Windows 10 computer with valid internet, it will automatically download the associated features on demand for that language and those can include: Display language Text-to-speech Handwriting Speech recognition Typing You can see these additional items listed in the screenshot below. Depending on the language pack capabilities, some will have all of these and some will have only a few. Most of these components (features on demand or FOD packages) can be found on the features on demand ISO for the respective operating system and you can download those ISOs from the Volume License Servicing Center (VLSC) website or go to Visual Studio downloads (formally MSDN). Below you can see some of the FOD packages listed on the mounted ISO. There are FOD packages for different types of function within Windows and the packages I was most interested in were any related to language (specifically). You may find that you want to install additional FODs for your particular solution. If you scroll down the long list of FOD packages you'll see some that begin with Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures, and they are sorted by country code (where applicable) into the following sections. Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-Basic Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-Fonts Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-Handwriting Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-OCR Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-Speech Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-TextToSpeech such as below. This was my first clue to solve this. I decided to copy all the LanguageFeatures FOD packages from the ISO to somewhere local. The next thing I found on the ISO was Metadata, so I copied that also. Step 2. Get the Language packs Finally, there are also Language Pack ISOs available for download for your respective version of Windows 10, and on that ISO are larger cab files containing the client language pack for each language that is available. You can find the language packs in the architecture folder on this ISO. They'll look something like this. Step 3. Sort the downloads by country code Now that you've got the necessary files, you need to decide which languages you are going to support during OSD and sort them into their own respective folders. I copied language specific FOD packages and the client language pack for each language I was interested in into it's own separate folder like below (sv-SE for Sweden), and then copied those folders onto my package sources folder on the ConfigMgr server. Note that some languages may have more (or less) FOD packages available than others, so copy all that are available on the ISO and you should be good to go. The first cab file listed below is the Client Language Pack from the Language Pack ISO and the remaining 4 cabs are from the FOD ISO. Next create another folder with the Metadata files within it. Step 4. Create packages In ConfigMgr, create a separate package for each language you intend to add support for and point it to the folder containing the Client Language Pack and FOD packages. Once you've created all the language pack packages, don't forget to create the Metadata package. Distribute the packages to your distribution points. Step 5. Import the task sequence To save you a lot of effort all you need to do is import my task sequence and then modify the package references to suit your environment. Note: This is an MDT integrated task sequence so if you want to use it please integrate MDT with ConfigMgr. You will get messages about missing content during the import, choose 'ignore dependancies' and it will import the task sequence steps anyway. However, you must then step through each step in the task sequence that references a package, and point it to the equivalent package on your ConfigMgr environment. After importing the task sequence, make sure to add your language packages (and metadata) to the appropriate steps that reference them otherwise this won't work, pretty much all of the xcopy steps will need a package attached to them. Download the following, and import into ConfigMgr. Windows 10 LTSC language packs without internet.zip Step 6. A quick look at the task sequence logic The task sequence works by first setting a variable, called Location. You can set this as a step in the task sequence dynamically based on various inputs (such as DHCP IP address, gateway, computer variable, collection variable). That I leave up to you, I've forced this example to use Sweden as the location. Next, it dynamically sets Language specific variables based on the Location set previously. You need to add one of these dynamic groups for each language you intend to support. The below screenshot shows two languages configured but you could have multiple. Next (1) it injects the system, user, locale specific settings based on the dynamic variables set above. SysLocale UserLocale InputLocale Thee next group (2) copies the en-US language pack+FOD packages, and metadata. This is needed if you want to be able to switch languages via the input switch in the task tray (language bar). Next, it dynamically downloads (3) the FOD package containing the needed files to add features on demand plus the language pack for the language you are adding support for. It then uses a bunch of DISM commands (4) to inject the necessary FOD packages. After that it sets some reg-keys (5) to deal with known issues relating to language packs cleanup before adding some more steps to allow both languages (en-US and sv-SE in this example) to display on the login screen using the input methods switch. Step 7. Viewing the result After all that hard work you'll want to see the end result. In this lab I've disabled internet access by simply powering off my Smoothwall (which controls internet to the lab). We can see in WinPE that there is no internet. After selecting the task sequence it downloads the Operating System, applies it and then starts injecting the cab files and other dism operations. Below you can see it inject one of the FOD packages And below it's injecting the Client Language Pack, all of this is dynamic based on the Location variable. After installation is complete the login screen shows no internet in the LAN connection, but the language is in Swedish. When you attempt to login you'll see the language bar, awesome. And after logging in, you will see that your chosen language pack is installed along with the necessary FOD packages, automatically and dynamically even without internet ! Awesome or what ! And of course you can use PowerShell to verify the installation of your language pack with Get-WinUserLanguageList. Windows 10 version 2004 What about Windows 10 version 2004 ? it works perfectly using this exact same method, just switch out the Operating System wim file with the 2004 version and replace the FOD and LP packages with the correct version, see below. Recommended reading Add language packs to Windows - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/add-language-packs-to-windows Known issues - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/language-packs-known-issue Available languages - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/available-language-packs-for-windows Language and region feature on demand - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/features-on-demand-language-fod https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/international/get-winuserlanguagelist?view=win10-ps August 20 1 point CMG boundaries and Fallback interesting problem, are you setting this variable to true as a matter of interest ? SMSTSDisableStatusRetry In disconnected scenarios, the task sequence engine repeatedly tries to send status messages to the management point. This behavior in this scenario causes delays in task sequence processing. Set this variable to true and the task sequence engine doesn't attempt to send status messages after the first message fails to send. This first attempt includes multiple retries. When the task sequence restarts, the value of this variable persists. However, the task sequence tries sending an initial status message. This first attempt includes multiple retries. If successful, the task sequence continues sending status regardless of the value of this variable. If status fails to send, the task sequence uses the value of this variable. and have you tried setting this variable after the reboot ? SMSTSMP Use this variable to specify the URL or IP address of the Configuration Manager management point. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/osd/understand/task-sequence-variables August 19 1 point How can we utilize the Bitlocker Management feature during OSD with Endpoint Manager There's an official MS doc update on this now at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-desktop-optimization-pack/mbam-v25/how-to-enable-bitlocker-by-using-mbam-as-part-of-a-windows-deploymentmbam-25). No clue how many companies are potentially affected by this ... but seriously, for anybody reading this post ... if you're currently using Invoke-MBAM with ConfigMgr's native BitLocker Management, just get it completely out of your task sequences now. Even if you're not on 2103 yet ... get it out so you don't get hit by this if / when you do upgrade to 2103. It's frustrating there's no supported way to escrow recovery info during OSD but trust me, you do not want to have a large environment get hit by this issue. If you are on 2103+ and have used Invoke-MBAM in task sequence scenarios since upgrading to 2103 ... I'd recommend you get in a support case with MS ASAP and then you too can join in the fun of waiting to see if and how your database / server WMI / client WMI can be salvaged. June 30 1 point CMG hybrid client failed connect to management point Text=ERROR_WINHTTP_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED dns or network issues ? have you reviewed the required ports and other configuration that we've blogged about here ? June 27 1 point [solved] Do I uninstall ADK before upgrading to the newest ADK? normally what I do is uninstall the existing ADK, restart the server, then install the latest applicable ADK, but it all depends on what version of ADK you have installed, and whether it's compatible with 2103 or not here's the list of supported ADK's https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/core/plan-design/configs/support-for-windows-10#windows-10-adk June 7 1 point How can I install System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) version 1902 on Windows Server 2019 with SQL Server 2017 - Part 7 Introduction This multi-part guide will show you how to install the latest baseline version of Configuration Manager from Microsoft. The latest available baseline version is System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) version 1902 as of April the 10th 2019. I blogged how to upgrade to 1902 here. This guide is aimed a new installations of SCCM. Baseline media is used to install new ConfigMgr sites or to upgrade from supported versions, for more information about baseline media please see my blog post here. This series is broken down into the following parts:- Part 1 - Get the lab ready, configure ADDS Part 2 - Join CM01 to Domain, add users, create the Systems Management container, delegate permission Part 3 - Role and Feature installation, installation of WDS and ADK Part 4 - Configure and install SQL Server 2017 Part 5 - Configure and install SCCM 1902 Current Branch Part 6 - Create device collections Part 7 - Configuring discovery (This part) Part 8 - Configuring boundaries You can use this multi-part guide to get a hierarchy up and running on Windows Server 2019 using SQL Server 2017. The driving concept behind this series of guides is to help you through all the steps necessary to get a working Configuration Manager Primary site installed (for lab use) using manual methods or automated using PowerShell. This gives you the power to automate the bits that you want to automate, while allowing you to manually do other tasks when needed. You decide which path to take. PowerShell knowledge is desired and dare I say required if you are in any way serious about Configuration Manager. I will show you how to do most steps via two methods shown below, it's up to you to choose which method suits you best but I highly recommend automating everything that you can, using PowerShell. Method #1 - Do it manually Method #2 - Automate it with PowerShell When testing your scripts using PowerShell you can actually use PowerShell ISE help to figure out what commands a cmdlet accepts and build your script that way, here's an example. In this post you will learn about configuring discovery. Planning for discovery in ConfigMgr is an important step while configuring your sites and hierarchies. You need to discover objects in locations that you select and these discovered resources are what you want to manage (can be devices and/or users). These discovered resources can be targeted with software and/or get the ConfigMgr client agent installed via Client Push functionality. Discovery within System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) has 7 different discovery methods listed below, the first 6 of which are user configurable, the last method, Server Discovery is not user configurable. Active Directory Forest Discovery Active Directory Group Discovery Active Directory System Discovery Active Directory User Discovery Heartbeat Discovery Network Discovery Server Discovery When a discovery method successfully finds a new resource, discovery puts information about that resource into a file that is called a discovery data record (DDR), which is processed by a primary or central administration site. Processing of a DDR creates a new record in the site database for newly discovered resources, or updates existing records with the DDRs new information. [source: doc.microsoft.com] Downloads Note: in order to download these scripts you must be a logged on member of windows-noob.com. The scripts used in this part of the guide are available for download here. Unzip to C:\Scripts. The scripts are placed in the corresponding folder (Part 1, Part 2 etc) and sorted into which server you should run the script on (DC01 or CM01). Scripts.zip Step 1. Enable Active Directory Forest Discovery Note: Perform the following on the Configuration Manager server (CM01) as a Local Administrator Unlike other Active Directory discovery methods, Active Directory Forest Discovery does not discover resources that you can manage. Instead, this method discovers network locations that are configured in Active Directory. It can convert those locations into boundaries for use throughout your hierarchy. When this method runs, it searches the local Active Directory forest, each trusted forest, and each additional forest that you configure in the Active Directory Forests node of the Configuration Manager console. You can use Active Directory Forest Discovery to: Discover Active Directory sites and subnets, and then create Configuration Manager boundaries based on those network locations. Identify supernets that are assigned to an Active Directory site. Convert each supernet into an IP address range boundary. Publish to Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) in a forest when publishing to that forest is enabled. The specified Active Directory Forest Account must have permissions to that forest. Method #1 – Do it manually In the Configuration Manager console, click on Administration and select Hierarchy Configuration, click on Discovery Methods. The first discovery method listed is Active Directory Forest Discovery. To discover Active Directory network locations and convert those locations into boundaries right click Active Directory Forest Discovery for the primary site and right click, choose Properties. The General window appears with one option, Enable Active Directory Forest Discovery. Enable that option and two more choices are revealed: Automatically create active directory site boundaries when they are discovered Automatically create IP address range boundaries for IP subnets when they are discovered. Tip: Selecting both options above is fine in a LAB. In Production however, you should consider only selecting to discover IP address ranges. For clarification about this point please review this post from Jason Sandys (Enterprise Mobility MVP) about why IP Subnet Boundaries are EVIL Select the second option (Automatically create IP address range boundaries for IP subnets when they are discovered) and leave the default schedule for every 1 weeks. Click Apply, you'll be prompted if you want to run a discovery as soon as possible, answer Yes. Tip: If you want to review the discovery of objects via this discovery method, you can use CMTrace to open the ADForestDisc.log file. The log file will be located in in the <InstallationPath>\LOGS folder. Note that the log file will not appear immediately after enabling this discovery method, it can take a few minutes before it appears. When publishing is enabled for a forest and that forests schema is extended for Configuration Manager, the following information is published for each site that is enabled to publish to that Active Directory forest: SMS-Site-<site code> SMS-MP-<site code>-<site system server name> SMS-<site code>-<Active Directory site name or subnet> To verify that you've enabled publishing browse to Administration, Site Configuration, Sites, and check the properties of your Primary site server. Click on the Publishing tab. Method #2 - Automate it with PowerShell To enable Active Directory Forest Discovery automatically, use the Configure Forest Discovery.ps1 PowerShell script. 1. Copy the script to C:\Scripts on CM01 2. Edit the variables (lines 28-37) as desired before running. 3. Start Windows PowerShell ISE as Administrator and run the script by clicking on the green triangle. Step 2. Enable Active Directory Group Discovery Note: Perform the following on your ConfigMgr server as a user with Full Administrator permissions in the ConfigMgr console. You can use Active Directory Group Discovery to search Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) to identify the group memberships of computers and users. This discovery method searches a discovery scope that you configure, and then identifies the group memberships of resources in that discovery scope. By default, only security groups are discovered. However, you can discover the membership of distribution groups when you select the checkbox for the option Discover the membership of distribution groups on the Option tab in the Active Directory Group Discovery Properties dialog box. When you discover a group, you can also discover limited information about its members. Note: This does not replace Active Directory System Discovery or Active Directory User Discovery and is usually insufficient to build complex queries/collections or to serve as the bases of a client push installation. Active Directory Group Discovery can discover the following information: Groups Membership of Groups Limited information about a groups member computers and users, even when those computers and users have not previously been discovered by another discovery method Tip: This step assumes you want to discover resources recursively in the windowsnoob OU. Therefore, it may be necessary to move servers into their respective OU which is a child OU under the windowsnoob OU created in this guide otherwise they will not be discovered by this discovery method. You can do that via Active Directory Users and Computers on DC01. Method #1 – Do it manually In the ConfigMgr console, in the Administration workspace, select Hierarchy Configuration, then select Discovery Methods and right click Active Directory Group Discovery and choose properties. The Active Directory Group Discovery Properties window appears. Select the option to Enable Active Directory Group Discovery and click on Add to see two more choices, Groups and Location. These options are explained below: Groups: Use groups if you want to search one or more specific Active Directory groups. You can configure the Active Directory Domain to use the default domain and forest, or limit the search to an individual domain controller. Additionally, you can specify one or more groups to search. If you do not specify at least one group, all groups found in the specified Active Directory Domain location are searched. Location: Use a location if you want to search one or more Active Directory containers. This scope option supports a recursive search of the specified Active Directory containers that also searches each child container under the container you specify. This process continues until no more child containers are found. Note: When you configure a discovery scope, select only the groups that you must discover. This is because Active Directory Group Discovery attempts to discover each member of each group in the discovery scope. Discovery of large groups can require extensive use of bandwidth and Active Directory resources. Select Location from the drop down menu. Give it a name like Active Directory Group Discovery - P01 and select browse to decide where to recursively search. In this example I select the previously created windowsnoob Organizational Unit (OU) which will contain your servers, users, computers and devices. Click OK to accept the Add Active Directory Location screen changes, next, click on the Polling schedule tab and decide what is appropriate for your setup, the default for full discovery is 7 days and you can enable Delta Discovery (enabled by default). This discovery method finds resources in Active Directory Domain services that are new or modified since the last discovery cycle in the time interval specified (default is 5 minutes). Next, you can review the three options on the Options tab and click Apply when ready and answer Yes to running the full discovery when prompted. Tip: If you want to review the discovery of objects via this discovery method, you can use CMTrace to open the adsgdis.log file. The log file will be located in in the <InstallationPath>\LOGS folder. Method #2 - Automate it with PowerShell To enable Active Directory Forest Discovery automatically, use the Configure Group Discovery.ps1 PowerShell script. 1. Copy the script to C:\Scripts on CM01 2. Edit the variables (lines 28-50) as desired before running. 3. Start Windows PowerShell ISE as Administrator and run the script by clicking on the green triangle. Step 3. Enable Active Directory System Discovery Note: Perform the following on your ConfigMgr server as a user with Full Administrator permissions in the ConfigMgr console. You can use Active Directory System Discovery to search the specified Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) locations for computer resources that can be used to create collections and queries. You can then install the client to discovered computers by using client push installation. To successfully create a discovery data record (DDR) for a computer, Active Directory System Discovery must be able to identify the computer account and then successfully resolve the computer name to an IP address. By default, Active Directory System Discovery discovers basic information about the computer including the following: Computer name Operating system and version Active Directory container name IP address Active Directory site Last Logon Timestamp Method #1 – Do it manually In the ConfigMgr console, in the Administration workspace, select Hierarchy Configuration, then select Discovery Methods and right click Active Directory System Discovery and choose Properties, place a check mark in Enable Active Directory System Discovery. Click on the yellow starburst to add some Active Directory containers. For path click on browse and browse to the location you want to discover systems in. Tip: You can add several locations by repeating this process and selecting different locations, but only add the locations you need to add as you don't want to generate unnecessary network and CPU bandwidth. On the Polling schedule tab, stick to the defaults and then select the Active Directory Attributes tab, if you want to add an attribute to discover select one from the list and choose Add >> in the example below you are adding an Active Directory attribute called msTPM-ownerinformation. There are many attributes to choose from, use only the ones you need to get your job done. Once you are happy, click Apply and Ok and answer Yes to run a full discovery as soon as possible. Tip: If you want to review the discovery of objects via this discovery method, you can use CMTrace to open the adsysdis.log file. The log file will be located in in the <InstallationPath>\LOGS folder. Method #2 - Automate it with PowerShell To enable Active Directory System Discovery automatically, use the Configure System Discovery.ps1 PowerShell script. 1. Copy the script to C:\Scripts on CM01 2. Edit the variables (lines 28-50) as desired before running. 3. Start Windows PowerShell ISE as Administrator and run the script by clicking on the green triangle. Step 4. Enable Active Directory User Discovery Note: Perform the following on your ConfigMgr server as a user with Full Administrator permissions in the ConfigMgr console. Use Configuration Manager Active Directory User Discovery to search Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) to identify user accounts and associated attributes. You can view the default list of object attributes returned by Active Directory User Discovery, and configure additional attributes to be discovered in the Active Directory User Discovery Properties dialog box on the Active Directory Attributes tab. By default, Active Directory User Discovery discovers basic information about the user account including the following: User name Unique user name (includes domain name) Domain Active Directory container names Method #1 – Do it manually In the ConfigMgr console, in the Administration workspace, select Hierarchy Configuration, then select Discovery Methods and right click Active Directory User Discovery and choose Properties. Place a checkmark in Enable Active Directory User Discovery as shown below. Next, click on the yellow starburst to add some active directory locations to discover users. You can configure the Polling tab and Active Directory Attributes tab settings if you wish, then click Apply and answer Yes to Run a Full Discovery now. Tip: If you want to review the discovery of objects via this discovery method, you can use CMTrace to open the adusrdis.log file. The log file will be located in in the <InstallationPath>\LOGS folder. The observant amongst you might notice the yellow warnings, they are nothing to worry about, it's simply informing you that it cannot find the 3 optional attributes on these users that were defined (using the PowerShell script below). Method #2 - Automate it with PowerShell To enable Active Directory User Discovery automatically, use the Configure User Discovery.ps1 PowerShell script. 1. Copy the script to C:\Scripts on CM01 2. Edit the variables (lines 28-44) as desired before running. 3. Start Windows PowerShell ISE as Administrator and run the script by clicking on the green triangle. Step 5. Review discovered resources in the console Note: Perform the following on your ConfigMgr server as a user with Full Administrator permissions in the ConfigMgr console. At this point you can refresh the view in Discovery Methods to see which methods are enabled. You did not enable Network discovery as it can impact network bandwidth, read more about that method here. Next, let's see what has been discovered. In the ConfigMgr console, in the Assets and Compliance workspace, select Users, the discovered Users should appear. In the Assets and Compliance workspace, select User Collections, and double click on All User Groups, the discovered User Groups should appear. In the ConfigMgr console, in the Assets and Compliance workspace, select Devices, then select All Systems, the discovered Systems should appear. If any that you expected do not appear, adjust your search criteria in the discovery methods and try again. Note: If you are wondering why DC01 does not appear it is because that server is placed under the Domain Controllers container in Active Directory and that container path was not added to any system discovery method. Recommended reading Set-CMDiscoveryMethod https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/configurationmanager/set-cmdiscoverymethod?view=sccm-ps Discovery methods - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sccm/core/servers/deploy/configure/about-discovery-methods Summary In this guide you configured Discovery methods in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) to discover resources that you want to manage. You did this either manually or in an automated fashion using PowerShell. In the next part of this new series you will configure Boundaries April 28 1 point 3rd party updates have you reviewed this video yet ? if not skip through it to see what you've missed, it's based on ConfigMgr 1910 but it'll give you some clues hopefully April 27 1 point How can I configure PKI in a lab on Windows Server 2016 - Part 5 I can definitely confirm that this guide works. In truth, there aren't many alternative ways to install this, just a few. But it would be practically the same with hopefully the same result. Do not install the PKI on DC and for simlpe deplyoments forget the OID and use the standard one. March 9 1 point SCCM 2012 - Software Updates Ignoring Maintenance Windows! Make sure the MW is ENABLED. If you have these configured, but the checkbox is not checked, the MW is disabled and ignored. I was able to find this by running this report : Monitoring=> Overview=> Reporting => Reports =>Software Distribution -Collections => Maintenance windows available to a specified Client Here I saw that the MW was DISABLED, et voila, I had the explanation why my clients ignored the MW. February 23 1 point Create an Compliance Check report This first thing you are going to what to do is understand where the data that you want existing within CM. These two links will help you with that. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/develop/core/understand/sqlviews/software-updates-views-configuration-manager https://www.informit.com/store/system-center-configuration-manager-reporting-unleashed-9780134466811 . February 14 1 point Failed to run Task Sequence this site will show you how to create the .ISO then use rufus to put the .iso on boot media.. I use USB drives http://www.sccm.ie/configure-sccm-2012/17-create-a-boot-image-for-os-deployment-without-pxe-environment February 9 1 point How can I configure PKI in a lab on Windows Server 2016 - Part 8 This series is comprised of different parts, listed below. Part 1 - Introduction and server setup Part 2 - Install and do initial configuration on the Standalone Offline Root CA Part 3 - Prepare the HTTP Web server for CDP and AIA Publication Part 4 - Post configuration on the Standalone Offline Root CA Part 5 - Installing the Enterprise Issuing CA Part 6 - Perform post installation tasks on the Issuing CA Part 7 - Install and configure the OCSP Responder role service Part 8 - Configure AutoEnroll and Verify PKI health (this part) In part 1 of this series, you configured your LAB for a 2 tier PKI hierarchy running on Windows Server 2016. You used PowerShell to create some virtual machines, and then installed Windows Server 2016, Windows 10 Enterprise version 1803 and optionally Smoothwall 3.1 before configuring the IP address scheme and Computer Names on the virtual machines. Finally you configured ADDS on DC01 so that you have a working Domain Controller for the rest of this LAB. In part 2 you installed and did the initial configuration on the Standalone Offline Root CA. In part 3 you prepared the HTTP Web Server for CDP and AIA Publication and you created a DNS record for the publicly available web server. In part 4 you performed post configuration on the Standalone Offline Root CA to set certificate revocation list (CRL) period registry settings using CertUtil, and then enabled object access Auditing and finally, you configured three locations for the Authority Information Access (AIA) and four locations for the Certificate revocation list Distribution Point (CDP), again using CertUtil. In part 5 you joined the IssuingCA computer to the windowsnoob domain before creating a new CAPolicy.inf file which was customized for the Issuing CA role. Next, you published the Root CA Certificate and CRL (both to Active Directory and the HTTP web server) and you installed the Enterprise Issuing CA before submitting a request to the StandAlone Offline Root CA. Next you installed the Issuing CA Certificate using the response files from the StandAlone Offline Root CA on the removable media. In part 6, you performed post installation and configuration of the IssuingCA server by configuring Certificate Revocation and CA Certificate Validity Periods, you then enabled auditing on the CA server, and configured the AIA and CDP. In part 7 you installed and configured the OCSP responder role service on the web server. Now you will configure Auto Enrollment and Verify PKI health. Step 1.Configure a GPO for Auto Enrollment Logon to to the Domain Controller (DC01) as windowsnoob\Administrator. Click Start, click Run, and then type gpmc.msc and press enter. Expand Forest, expand Domains, expand windowsnoob.lab.local, and then expand Group Policy Objects. Right click Default Domain Policy, then click Edit. Under Computer Configuration, expand Policies, expand Windows Settings, expand Security Settings, and then expand Public Key Policies. Select Certificate Services Client - Auto-Enrollment, right click and choose Properties. Change it from Not Configured to Enabled and enable the following 2 options. Renew expired certificates, update pending certificates, and remove revoked certificates Update certificate that use certificate templates As shown here. Click Apply when done, and close the Group Policy Management Editor and then close the Group Policy Management Console. Step 2. Configure AutoEnrollment for Workstation Authentication on the Issuing CA Ensure that you are logged on as windowsnoob\EntAdmin on the Issuing CA server (IssuingCA), start the Certification Authority console by entering certsrv.msc, ensure that windowsnoob Issuing CA is expanded. Right-click on Certificate Templates, then select Manage. In the Certificate Templates that appear, select Workstation Authentication. Right click it, and select Properties, click on the Security tab, select Domain Computers and ensure that AutoEnroll is selected, click Apply. Step 3. Join the Windows 10 computer to the domain Logon to Windows 10 version 1803 computer (Win101803) as Administrator, and copy the JoinDomain.ps1 script below to a folder called C:\Scripts. Open the script in PowerShell ISE as Administrator, then run Set-ExecutionPolicy to unrestricted before running the JoinDomain.ps1 PowerShell script by clicking on the Green Arrow in Windows PowerShell ISE. JoinDomain.ps1 Note: The computer will reboot by itself after joining the windowsnoob.lab.local domain. Step 4. Check PKI Health with Enterprise PKI To use the Enterprise PKI console to check PKI health, on the IssuingCA server, ensure that you are logged on as windowsnoob\entadmin. Run PKIView.msc from an administrative command prompt. Right click Enterprise PKI and then click Manage AD Containers. On the NTAuthCertificates tab, verify the windows noob Issuing CA certificate appears with a status of OK as shown below: On the AIA Container tab, verify both the windows noob Root CA and the windows noob Issuing CA certificates are present with a status of OK. On the CDP Container tab, verify that the windows noob Issuing CA has both Delta CRL and Base CRL, and that the windows noob Root CA has a Base CRL present and with a status of OK. On the Certification Authorities Container, verify that the windows noob Root CA certificate is present and with a status of OK. and finally on the Enrollment Services Container tab, verify that the windows noob Issuing CA certificate is present with a status of OK. Step 5. Configure Certificate Distribution on the Issuing CA To publish a certificate for computers in the enterprise do as follows. Logon to the IssuingCA computer as windowsnoob\EntAdmin. In the Certification Authority console (certsrv.msc), ensure that windows noob Issuing CA is expanded. Right-click Certificate Templates, select New and select Certificate Template to Issue. On the Enable Certificate Templates dialog box, select Workstation Authentication and then click OK. Step 6. verify certificate autoenrollment on the Windows 10 client To verify that autoenrollment of certificates on the Windows 10 compute do as follows. Log on to win101803.windowsnoob.lab.local as windowsnoob\Administrator. (Ensure that you switch user to log on as windowsnoob\Administrator) Click Start, type mmc and then press ENTER. Click File, and then click Add/Remove Snap-in. Click Certificates, then click Add, Select Computer Account, and then click Finish. Click OK. Expand Personal and select Certificates, if you do not see Certificates, in an Administrative Command prompt issue the following command gpupdate /force then refresh the view in the Certificates MMC. You should now see a Certificates folder and a certificate listed. This certificate was issued using AutoEnrollment which was configured above. Step 7. Verify PKI health on the issued certificate While logged on to W101803.windowsnoob.local.local as windowsnoob\Administrator, In the certificates console tree, expand Personal, click Certificates. In the details pane, right click the W101803.windowsnoob.lab.local certificate, click All Tasks, and then click Export. the Welcome to the certificate export wizard appears, click Next. Click Next at the No do not export the private key screen On the Export File Format page, click Next. [DER encoded binary X.509 (.CER) is the default selection]. in the File to Export, call it C:\Windows10 at the completing the certificate export wizard screen click Finish. you should be notified of the success of the export. Open an administrative command prompt and run the following commands: cd\ then certutil -URL C:\Windows10.cer The URL retrieval tool should appear. In the URL Retrieval Tool, select the OCSP (from AIA) option and then click Retrieve. Confirm that it shows status as Verified. In the URL Retrieval Tool, select the CRLs (from CDP) option and then click Retrieve. Confirm that it shows status as Verified. In the URL Retrieval Tool, select the Certs (from AIA) option and then click Retrieve. Confirm that it shows status as Verified. Click Exit to close URL Retrieval Tool. From the administrative command prompt run following command to thoroughly verify the certificate chain retrieval and revocation status. certutil -verify -urlfetch C:\Windows10.cer you'll see a lot of output similar to the following PS C:\> certutil -verify -urlfetch C:\Windows10.cer Issuer: CN=windows noob Issuing CA DC=windowsnoob DC=lab DC=local Name Hash(sha1): b500ca9b33a216fcc44492f25bb6e6b8bd6a5a78 Name Hash(md5): b0c8a9c15f77c9e2b7af24718ab3f3ec Subject: EMPTY (DNS Name=W101803.windowsnoob.lab.local) Name Hash(sha1): f944dcd635f9801f7ac90a407fbc479964dec024 Name Hash(md5): a46c3b54f2c9871cd81daf7a932499c0 Cert Serial Number: 1e000000057a5838e2727d5162000000000005 dwFlags = CA_VERIFY_FLAGS_CONSOLE_TRACE (0x20000000) dwFlags = CA_VERIFY_FLAGS_DUMP_CHAIN (0x40000000) ChainFlags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN_EXCLUDE_ROOT (0x40000000) HCCE_LOCAL_MACHINE CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_BASE -------- CERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT -------- ChainContext.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_PREFERRED_ISSUER (0x100) ChainContext.dwRevocationFreshnessTime: 3 Weeks, 1 Hours, 35 Minutes, 37 Seconds SimpleChain.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_PREFERRED_ISSUER (0x100) SimpleChain.dwRevocationFreshnessTime: 3 Weeks, 1 Hours, 35 Minutes, 37 Seconds CertContext[0][0]: dwInfoStatus=102 dwErrorStatus=0 Issuer: CN=windows noob Issuing CA, DC=windowsnoob, DC=lab, DC=local NotBefore: 7/6/2018 4:04 AM NotAfter: 7/6/2019 4:04 AM Subject: Serial: 1e000000057a5838e2727d5162000000000005 SubjectAltName: DNS Name=W101803.windowsnoob.lab.local Template: Workstation Authentication Cert: 9eae120ea27c064e609df51cacda77e286a223d6 Element.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_KEY_MATCH_ISSUER (0x2) Element.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_PREFERRED_ISSUER (0x100) ---------------- Certificate AIA ---------------- Verified "Certificate (0)" Time: 0 33daad0a6923fdbd02300d703264d13d70eedf42 [0.0] ldap:///CN=windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA,CN=AIA,CN=Public%20Key%20Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=windowsnoob,DC=lab,DC=local?cACertificate?base?objectClass=certificationAuthority Verified "Certificate (0)" Time: 0 33daad0a6923fdbd02300d703264d13d70eedf42 [1.0] http://pki.windows-noob.com/CertEnroll/IssuingCA.windowsnoob.lab.local_windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA.crt ---------------- Certificate CDP ---------------- Verified "Base CRL (05)" Time: 0 7cf12cea65a271e322dcd148dafca9890381d68c [0.0] ldap:///CN=windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA,CN=IssuingCA,CN=CDP,CN=Public%20Key%20Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=windowsnoob,DC=lab,DC=local?certificateRevocationList?base?objectClass=cRLDistributionPoint Verified "Delta CRL (05)" Time: 0 b27c6e817abccb07e6d18c37c808013cc1377c1d [0.0.0] ldap:///CN=windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA,CN=IssuingCA,CN=CDP,CN=Public%20Key%20Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=windowsnoob,DC=lab,DC=local?deltaRevocationList?base?objectClass=cRLDistributionPoint Verified "Delta CRL (05)" Time: 0 b27c6e817abccb07e6d18c37c808013cc1377c1d [0.0.1] http://pki.windows-noob.com/CertEnroll/windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA+.crl Verified "Base CRL (05)" Time: 0 7cf12cea65a271e322dcd148dafca9890381d68c [1.0] http://pki.windows-noob.com/CertEnroll/windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA.crl Verified "Delta CRL (05)" Time: 0 b27c6e817abccb07e6d18c37c808013cc1377c1d [1.0.0] ldap:///CN=windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA,CN=IssuingCA,CN=CDP,CN=Public%20Key%20Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=windowsnoob,DC=lab,DC=local?deltaRevocationList?base?objectClass=cRLDistributionPoint Verified "Delta CRL (05)" Time: 0 b27c6e817abccb07e6d18c37c808013cc1377c1d [1.0.1] http://pki.windows-noob.com/CertEnroll/windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA+.crl ---------------- Base CRL CDP ---------------- OK "Delta CRL (07)" Time: 0 b27c6e817abccb07e6d18c37c808013cc1377c1d [0.0] ldap:///CN=windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA,CN=IssuingCA,CN=CDP,CN=Public%20Key%20Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=windowsnoob,DC=lab,DC=local?deltaRevocationList?base?objectClass=cRLDistributionPoint OK "Delta CRL (07)" Time: 0 b27c6e817abccb07e6d18c37c808013cc1377c1d [1.0] http://pki.windows-noob.com/CertEnroll/windows%20noob%20Issuing%20CA+.crl ---------------- Certificate OCSP ---------------- Verified "OCSP" Time: 0 f7d32928b44de5b419a11bac19cc56fad7d4f9ee [0.0] http://webserver.windowsnoob.lab.local/ocsp -------------------------------- CRL 05: Issuer: CN=windows noob Issuing CA, DC=windowsnoob, DC=lab, DC=local ThisUpdate: 7/3/2018 7:02 AM NextUpdate: 7/10/2018 7:22 PM CRL: 7cf12cea65a271e322dcd148dafca9890381d68c Delta CRL 07: Issuer: CN=windows noob Issuing CA, DC=windowsnoob, DC=lab, DC=local ThisUpdate: 7/5/2018 7:02 AM NextUpdate: 7/6/2018 7:22 PM CRL: b27c6e817abccb07e6d18c37c808013cc1377c1d Application[0] = 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 Client Authentication CertContext[0][1]: dwInfoStatus=102 dwErrorStatus=0 Issuer: CN=windows noob Root CA NotBefore: 6/19/2018 4:34 AM NotAfter: 6/19/2028 4:44 AM Subject: CN=windows noob Issuing CA, DC=windowsnoob, DC=lab, DC=local Serial: 5600000002ff2362e624faf00a000000000002 Template: SubCA Cert: 33daad0a6923fdbd02300d703264d13d70eedf42 Element.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_KEY_MATCH_ISSUER (0x2) Element.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_PREFERRED_ISSUER (0x100) ---------------- Certificate AIA ---------------- Verified "Certificate (0)" Time: 0 1c2e0479a69623ffddcec692d01af64996b2b6e9 [0.0] ldap:///CN=windows%20noob%20Root%20CA,CN=AIA,CN=Public%20Key%20Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=windowsnoob,DC=lab,DC=local?cACertificate?base?objectClass=certificationAuthority Verified "Certificate (0)" Time: 0 1c2e0479a69623ffddcec692d01af64996b2b6e9 [1.0] http://pki.windows-noob.com/CertEnroll/ROOTCA_windows%20noob%20Root%20CA.crt ---------------- Certificate CDP ---------------- Verified "Base CRL (02)" Time: 0 22cafd2ae550e12401696bac4a424652050c55a2 [0.0] ldap:///CN=windows%20noob%20Root%20CA,CN=ROOTCA,CN=CDP,CN=Public%20Key%20Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=windowsnoob,DC=lab,DC=local?certificateRevocationList?base?objectClass=cRLDistributionPoint Verified "Base CRL (02)" Time: 0 22cafd2ae550e12401696bac4a424652050c55a2 [1.0] http://pki.windows-noob.com/CertEnroll/windows%20noob%20Root%20CA.crl ---------------- Base CRL CDP ---------------- No URLs "None" Time: 0 (null) ---------------- Certificate OCSP ---------------- No URLs "None" Time: 0 (null) -------------------------------- CRL 02: Issuer: CN=windows noob Root CA ThisUpdate: 6/15/2018 3:12 AM NextUpdate: 6/14/2019 3:32 PM CRL: 22cafd2ae550e12401696bac4a424652050c55a2 CertContext[0][2]: dwInfoStatus=10c dwErrorStatus=0 Issuer: CN=windows noob Root CA NotBefore: 6/14/2018 11:03 AM NotAfter: 6/14/2038 11:13 AM Subject: CN=windows noob Root CA Serial: 3d0d623b5abd19b34640212c87d45269 Cert: 1c2e0479a69623ffddcec692d01af64996b2b6e9 Element.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_NAME_MATCH_ISSUER (0x4) Element.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_IS_SELF_SIGNED (0x8) Element.dwInfoStatus = CERT_TRUST_HAS_PREFERRED_ISSUER (0x100) ---------------- Certificate AIA ---------------- No URLs "None" Time: 0 (null) ---------------- Certificate CDP ---------------- No URLs "None" Time: 0 (null) ---------------- Certificate OCSP ---------------- No URLs "None" Time: 0 (null) -------------------------------- Exclude leaf cert: Chain: d5f425d64a9d41434507a599da1260fdced44873 Full chain: Chain: 0c69840fda437706dd390c3d120ab496038c2564 ------------------------------------ Verified Issuance Policies: None Verified Application Policies: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 Client Authentication Leaf certificate revocation check passed CertUtil: -verify command completed successfully. PS C:\> Review the output and make sure all the chain retrieval and revocation status are successfully verified. Job done ! That's it for this mini-series about setting up PKI in a lab, thanks for joining me, I hope you completed everything successfully and have a better understanding of how PKI works and how to set it up in a lab. Next steps If you'd like to see how SCCM works with HTTPS, see below:- How can I configure System Center Configuration Manager in HTTPS mode (PKI) - Part 1 How can I configure System Center Configuration Manager in HTTPS mode (PKI) - Part 2 cheers niall. January 27 1 point Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining – part 2 Prepare for a Cloud Management Gateway Introduction This is part 2 in a series of guides about cloud attach in Microsoft Endpoint Manager, with the aim of getting you up and running with all things cloud attach. This part will focus on preparing your environment for a Cloud Management Gateway (CMG). This series is co-written by Niall & Paul, both of whom are Enterprise Mobility MVP’s with broad experience in the area of modern management. Paul is 4 times Enterprise Mobility MVP based in the UK and Niall is 10 times Enterprise Mobility MVP based in Sweden. In part 1 we configured Azure AD connect to sync accounts from the on premise infrastructure to the cloud. In this part we'll prepare your environment for a Cloud Management Gateway. A Cloud Management Gateway gives you a whole bunch of new abilities for managing, imaging computers, escrowing BitLocker keys and delivering software, updates and policy to remote based internet enabled clients. Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 1 Configuring Azure AD connect Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 2 Prepare for a Cloud Management Gateway Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 3 Creating a Cloud Management Gateway Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 4 Enabling co-management Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 5 Enabling compliance policies workload Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 6 Enabling conditional access Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 7 Co-managing Azure AD devices Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 8 Enabling tenant attach Prerequisites Azure: Intune Tenant already created Azure Subscription (free trial) Licenses applied, you can grab a free trial of Enterprise Mobility plus Security which includes Intune and Azure AD Premium P2 here (free trial). Intune is configured to auto-enroll devices (guide) Configuration Manager: PKI enabled (guide) Configuration Manager current branch, version 1810 or later. The MDM authority must be set to Intune Permissions: The following permissions are required to be able to set up the Cloud Management Gateway: An account that is a global administrator for Azure Active Directory An account that is a domain admin on your on-premises infrastructure An account that is a full administrator for all scopes in Configuration Manager Step 1. Add Classic Compute and Storage In order to setup the Cloud Management Gateway, you will need to register a couple of the resource providers in Azure (Microsoft.ClassicCompute & Microsoft.Storage). These resource providers may already be registered in your tenant, but you should check to ensure that they are and if not, act accordingly. Launch the Azure port at https://portal.azure.com, go to Subscriptions, select your subscription, and choose Resource Providers in the Settings section. Search for Microsoft.Classic.Compute, select it and if it is listed with a status of NotRegistered then click Register. It will register the provider. After a few moments the provider should appear as registered. Repeat the above process for Microsoft.Storage so that both providers are listed as Registered. Step 2. Check for a unique name of your CMG instance Verify in Azure that you have a unique name for your CMG, this is a unique name using Microsoft’s cloudapp.net namespace. You cannot reserve this name, only check for its availability. To do this, search for Cloud Service in the Azure portal and go to the Cloud service (classic) page. Click Add link. In the DNS name field, search for the name you want to use. Note that this name will not be visible to anyone on the outside world, so can be any available name you want. For our DNS name, we searched for CloudAttachCMG and as a result you want to see green ticks on both Match Found and DNS name. Both conditions must be met, if not you will get a red cross and you will need to search for another name. Note the .cloudapp.net entry next to the DNS name field, the full name associated with the cloud management gateway VMs will be DNSName.cloudapp.net – so our CMG VM’s will be cloudattachcmg.cloudapp.net. Do not save anything here, as mentioned you are just checking for availability. Step 3. Create a CNAME record You are going to request an external PKI certificate to secure communication to the CMG, but prior to that you need to reate a CNAME record at your external DNS provider. We cannot run through that process, as each provider is different, but you need to create a CNAME record to map to your chosen DNSName.cloudapp.net address. We have mapped cloudattachcmg to cloudattachcmg.cloudapp.net. A couple of things to note here: If you have an existing TXT record in your DNS you may need to delete this for the new CNAME to work, we saw issues in two tenants that would not properly create the CNAME record until we removed the previously created TXT record. You will need to add in a CNAME to your internal DNS servers if your internal DNS namespace is identical to your external namespace. Below you can see the created CNAME record in the DNS provider of the custom domain name we added in part 1. Tip: You can use dnschecker.org to see that your CNAME has propagated successfully. Step 4. Create an External PKI cert for the external address Note: you can run this tool on any computer, it's only needed to generate the files needed in the remaining parts. We downloaded a digital certificate utility from DigiCert for creating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) but you can do this process on an IIS server see here. A CSR is a block of encoded text that is given to a Certificate Authority when applying for an SSL Certificate. It is usually generated on the server where the certificate will be installed and contains information that will be included in the certificate such as the organization name, common name (domain name), locality, and country. Source Using the tool above (from Digicert, our external SSL certificate provider, there are many to choose from), click on Generate to create the CSR. After generating the CSR, save it to a file. Next, go to your certificate provider and request a new SSL certificate based on the CSR you just created. The screenshot below is from our certificate provider, DigiCert, your provider will most likely look different. When creating the SSL certificate, you'll probably have to prove control over the domain, we chose the option to use a DNS TXT Record (recommended). Be sure to enter the cloudattachcmg prefix (yours will be different obviously) into the record for the TXT DNS validation otherwise it might have problems finding the TXT record. After creating the TXT record you can verify it with dnschecker, as shown here, this is helpful in troubleshooting whether your DNS record (TXT, CNAME etc...) is valid or not. After verifying that you own the domain, you'll be able to download the created CRT (certificate). Next, import the downloaded CRT back into the Digicert tool. Click Finish to complete the CRT import process. and you should see a notification about the success of the import. Step 5. Export the pfx Select the Imported certificate. Click on Export Certificate choose the option to export pfx You'll be prompted for a password and you'll be informed of the successful export. Step 6. Configure Azure services To configure Azure services from within the Configuration Manager console, use the Configure Azure Services wizard to create two Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) apps. Server app – a Web app in Azure AD Client app – a Native Client app in Azure AD On the primary site server, open the Configuration Manager console and go to Administration > Cloud Services > Azure Services, and select Configure Azure Services. On the Configure Azure Service page, specify a friendly name for the cloud management service you're configuring, for example Cloud Management Service. Then select Cloud Management from the options and then select Next. On the App Properties page, for Web app, select Browse to open the Create Server Application dialog, configure the following fields: Application Name: Cloud Management Server App Home page URL: https://ConfigMgrService App ID URI: https://ConfigMgrService Secret key validity period: 2 years Next, select Sign in, and specify an Azure AD Global Administrator account. These credentials aren't saved by Configuration Manager. This persona doesn't require permissions in Configuration Manager and doesn't need to be the same account that runs the Azure Services Wizard. After you sign in, the results display. Select OK to close the Create Server Application dialog and return to the App Properties page. Next, select Browse to the right of the Native Client App section, the Create Client Application dialog, and then configure the following fields: Application Name: Cloud Management Client App And sign in. Click OK and click OK again, both apps will now be listed. On the Configure Discovery Settings page, check the box for Enable Azure Active Directory User Discovery, select Next, and then complete configuration of the Discovery dialogs for your environment. Click through to the end of that wizard and close the wizard. Your cloud management service that you just configured will be listed in the console. Step 7. Set API permissions on the server and client apps Open a browser and sign in to the Azure portal. Select All services > Azure Active Directory > App registrations, then click All Applications. Select the Cloud Management Server App you created. Go to API permissions or select View API permissions Click the Grant admin consent link Click Yes when prompted. You'll be informed of the success. Repeat this process for the Cloud Management Client App. Pay attention to the fact that it doesn't have the same permissions listed before you grant consent. and here is the same app after the api permissions are applied. That's it for this part ! Please join us in part 3 where we'll configure the Cloud Management Gateway. Useful links Plan for Cloud Management Gateway - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/core/clients/manage/cmg/plan-cloud-management-gateway#hierarchy-design Certificates needed for CMG - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/core/clients/manage/cmg/certificates-for-cloud-management-gateway Cloud attach and Microsoft Endpoint Manager - https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/business-continuity-and-disaster/cloud-attach-and-microsoft-endpoint-manager/m-p/1498577 Download Azure AD Connect - Download Microsoft Azure Active Directory Connect from Official Microsoft Download Center Azure AD connect prerequisites - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-install-prerequisites How to setup Azure AD Connect using express settings - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-install-express January 23 1 point Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining – part 1 Configuring Azure AD connect Introduction Microsoft released Windows Intune back in March 2011, this was their launch pad to get users into the cloud. This later evolved into Microsoft Intune and is now known as Microsoft Endpoint Manager. This cloud journey encompassed several new technologies and associated buzz words summarized below. Hybrid MDM – Depreciated, this was the first combination of ConfigMgr and Intune Co-management – The ability to manage devices via ConfigMgr and Intune Co-existence – Using a 3rd party MDM solution together with ConfigMgr Cloud Attach – Attaching cloud components to a ConfigMgr environment Tenant attach – Attaching ConfigMgr managed devices including servers to the cloud This part is the first part in a series of guides about cloud attach in Microsoft Endpoint Manager and the guides are co-written by Niall & Paul, both of whom are Enterprise Mobility MVP’s with broad experience in the area of modern management. Paul is 4 times Enterprise Mobility MVP based in the UK and Niall is 10 times Enterprise Mobility MVP based in Sweden. If you use Twitter and want to see content when we release it then please do follow us: @ncbrady @SCCMentor Why are we writing this? Both Paul and I have worked on multiple cloud-based lab scenarios together over the course of the last year keeping ourselves educated and involved during lock down. We focused on expanding our knowledge about these exciting new technologies that come with the enabling of cloud attach features. That includes advanced cloud capabilities offered via a Cloud Management Gateway (CMG), co-management and additional capabilities available via Tenant attach. This area of modern management is rapidly evolving, now more than ever as workers find themselves working remotely during COVID-19, therefore it’s important to keep up with what’s new and what is changing. Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 1 Configuring Azure AD connect Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 2 Prepare for a Cloud Management Gateway Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 3 Creating a Cloud Management Gateway Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 4 Enabling co-management Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 5 Enabling compliance policies workload Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 6 Enabling conditional access Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 7 Co-managing Azure AD devices Cloud attach - Endpoint Managers silver lining - part 8 Enabling tenant attach This multi part blog will focus on helping you get your organization cloud attached, and we will start by assuming that your environment has a few key aspects already setup: PKI enabled (guide) Intune Tenant created Azure Subscription (free trial) Licenses applied, you can grab a free trial of Enterprise Mobility plus Security which includes Intune and Azure AD Premium P2 here (free trial). In this part we will show you how to do the following: 1. Add a custom domain name to Azure 2. Set up a User Principal Name (UPN) for your on-premises Active Directory 3. Set up hybrid Azure AD Join using Azure AD Connect 4. Configure hybrid Azure AD join using Azure AD Connect So, let’s get started. Step 1. Add a Custom Domain Name to Azure Login to https://portal.azure.com select Azure Active Directory to add a custom domain name in Azure AD Directory. Select custom domain names in the left pane and then click the + Add custom domain link in the top ribbon. When presented with the Custom domain name window, enter the name of the domain you own and click the Add domain button. After adding the domain name, you’ll be shown a screen similar to the one below, you can choose to add a TXT or MX record on your DNS provider. In the example below we chose the TXT option. Enter the provided TXT record at your domain name provider. Below is example of the TXT record we entered at out providers DNS management portal. We’ve set the TTL to a low value to get this propagated quickly so that we can verify the domain. Tip: You can use a website such as dnschecker.org to see if the TXT record has propagated and can be queried, when this has happened go back to the Azure portal and click the Verify button to verify the domain. Once the domain is successfully verified, it will report as so in the Custom domain names blade. After the custom domain name is added, you can make it the Primary domain name. To do that do as follows. Select the custom domain name which you have verified above, and click on Make Primary. After doing that your custom domain name will be the new Primary domain name. Step 2. Set up a User Principal Name (UPN) for your on-premises Active Directory With the custom domain name added and set to primary we are going to add an alternative user principal name suffix into the on-premises Active Directory. This will match the domain name we have verified, so our example is azurenoob.com. This is fairly simple to set up, but once configured, we need to set this as the default for our users and we can use a PowerShell script to achieve this. Let us start off by setting the UPN, you will need to be a Domain Admin or Enterprise Admin to achieve this. Open Active Directory Domains and Trusts. Right click on Active Directory Domains and Trusts, and select Properties. Type in your new alternative name suffix into the Alternative UPN suffixes box, and click Add. Click OK. Below you can see we've added azurenoob.com. Now we need to set the alternative UPN as the default UPN for all our users. Thanks to the community we can use a PowerShell script which is already out there to achieve this, and we used a script from martinsblog.dk. You can be granular with this script, so that you only add in a specific OU for your users, or you could run it at the top level of the domain. Below is the properties of an user with the new UPN applied. Step 3. Set up hybrid Azure AD Join using Azure AD Connect You can use Azure AD Connect to integrate on-premises and online directories. It can synchronize computer, user and group objects and assist with single sign-on in both directories as well as password sync. When using the Azure AD Connect it’s recommended to download the latest release. You can obtain this from Microsoft Download Center. A minimum of version 1.1.819.0 is needed, but this is an old version, you would be better off downloading the latest and using the newer features available with that release. Download Azure AD Connect here. After downloading and installing the tool, launch it and Agree to the terms and conditions before clicking Continue. We have the choice of running an express installation or customizing the install. Microsoft recommends using the customize option if you have multiple forests or if you want to configure optional features, otherwise you can continue with the Use express settings option. In the steps below we run through the options you'll see when choosing Use Express Settings. Next, enter the Global Admin login details for your Azure Ad environment. Click Next and then enter the Enterprise Admin credentials for the on-prem Active Directory Domain Services. Note: The Azure AD sign-in configuration page only shows if you did not complete verify your domains in the prerequisites. If you see this page, then review every domain marked Not Added and Not Verified. Make sure those domains you use have been verified in Azure AD. Click the Refresh symbol when you have verified your domains. If you have domains marked as Not Added then see the next step. The azurenoob.com domain is Verified as we verified this domain in Azure AD. This also means we will be able to sign in with the same credentials in our on-premises Active Directory as we also added in the UPN. Select the checkbox to Continue without matching all UPN suffixes to verified domains if one of your UPN suffix values is not added, for example the windowsnoob.lab.local address is in the state Not Added. You will only have this checkbox available if you have a Not Added entry and you must check the box in order to continue. Click Install We have enabled the checkbox for Start the synchronization process when configuration completes as we want the synchronization process to start once we have completed the wizard. If you do not enable this, the sync will be configured but won’t run until you re-run the Azure AD Connect wizard. Click Install. After clicking Install the wizard will start configuring. And after a few minutes it’s complete. You can close the wizard by clicking on Exit. Step 4. Configure hybrid Azure AD join using Azure AD Connect With the express settings configured, we now need to configured Azure AD Connect for hybrid Azure AD join of our on-premises devices. Launch the Azure AD Connect wizard and click Configure to continue. On the Additional tasks page, select Configure device options, and then select Next. Select the option to Configure Device Options. On the next screenshot note that we are interested in Hybrid Azure Ad join and that Hybrid Azure AD join enables devices in your Active Directory forest to register with Azure AD for access management. Computers in your organization will automatically discover Azure AD using a service connection point (SCP) object that is created in your Active Directory forest. On the Overview page select Next. On the Connect to Azure ad page enter the credentials of your Global Admin. On the Device options screen, select Configure Hybrid Azure AD join to synchronize our on-premise devices and to configure them for Azure Ad join. The Service Connection Point (SCP) needs to be configured for each forest where you want to enable Hybrid Azure AD join. We only have the one forest. Click the Add button. Select Windows 10 or later domain-joined devices and then click Next. Select the check box beside your on premise domain and then click Add. Enter your Enterprise Admin Credentials when prompted. Click Next. And at the Ready to configure screen click Next. At the Configuration complete, click Exit. That's it for this part, join us in Part 2 where we will prepare your environment for a Cloud Management Gateway. Useful links Cloud attach and Microsoft Endpoint Manager - https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/business-continuity-and-disaster/cloud-attach-and-microsoft-endpoint-manager/m-p/1498577 Download Azure AD Connect - Download Microsoft Azure Active Directory Connect from Official Microsoft Download Center Azure AD connect prerequisites - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-install-prerequisites How to setup Azure AD Connect using express settings - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-install-express December 20, 2020 1 point How can I configure PKI in a lab on Windows Server 2016 - Part 8 awesome to hear it ! spread the word 🙂 December 20, 2020 1 point Office 365 issues after Windows Autopilot Yeh whilst an option i just decided to go the destroy way so we have packages to remove all the unneeded software and as mentioned above modified the office install to attempt to remove office whilst also supressing error codes. PSAPPDEPLOY code is Execute-Process -Path "$dirFiles\setup.exe" -Parameters "/CONFIGURE remove.xml" -ContinueOnError $true -IgnoreExitCodes '*' and remove xml is below - not sure i need the remove all true whilst also calling out products but the reality sometimes doesnt match the documentation with Microsoft <?xml version="1.0"?> -<Configuration> <Display AcceptEULA="True" Level="None"/> <Property Value="TRUE" Name="FORCEAPPSHUTDOWN"/> -<Remove All="TRUE"> -<Product ID="O365ProPlusRetail"> <Language ID="en-us"/> </Product> -<Product ID="VisioProRetail"> <Language ID="en-us"/> </Product> -<Product ID="ProjectProRetail"> <Language ID="en-us"/> </Product> </Remove> </Configuration> December 3, 2020 1 point [Help] - Powershell script SMSTSPostAction ok first things first, the SMSTSPostAction variable is for use in operating system deployment task sequences to do an action after the task sequence has completed, are you planning on installing SEP as part of a task sequence ? if so use an Install Application step instead of Install Package if that's easier, or even run PowerShell script... but first, if you really want to install the app just using a powershell script then test the script on a virtual machine standalone, outside of a task sequence November 30, 2020 1 point How can I dynamically install Windows 10 language packs and associated features on demand in an offline environment Hi, I reviewed the Task Sequence (for which thanks a million!) and I believe the reason for 'error 87:parameter is not correct' in two of the steps you disabled for the time being is the wrong dism parameter: DISM.exe /image:%OSDisk%\ /Set-UILanguage:%OSDUILanguage% that should be-> DISM.exe /image:%OSDisk%\ /Set-UILang:%OSDUILanguage% Similarly Set-UILanguageFallback should be changed to Set-UILangFallback. I did not have enough time to test that one myself yet but according to DISM documentation Set-UILang is the parameter name that exists. October 2, 2020 1 point How can I configure PKI in a lab on Windows Server 2016 - Part 6 If anyone gets an access denied error at the last step (certutil -crl), then please reboot your Issuing CA server once and then issue the command again. I had this issue and apparently several other users had this too per various forums. March 22, 2019 1 point How can I display custom messages in a task sequence using PowerShell in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Need help, I´ve followed your manual and I got error 0xffffffff on run command step. I don´t have timeout selected. Is there anything else what I can check? Thank you. @already solved by adding proper path to powershell.exe file in Win10. Thx October 3, 2017 1 point How can I configure client settings and install the ConfigMgr client agent in System Center Configuration Manager Current Branch You can import the module by exploiting the environment variables to keep it less static. Import-Module -Name "$(split-path $Env:SMS_ADMIN_UI_PATH)\ConfigurationManager.psd1" October 11, 2016 1 point Endpoint Manager step by step guides This list of guides (think of it as a living index) will be updated by me whenever I write a new guide for the new versions of Microsoft Endpoint Manager (Configuration Manager) or Endpoint Manager (Intune). These guides are broken down into different sections: Endpoint Manager - Intune Endpoint Manager - Current Branch Endpoint Manager - Technical Preview Setting up PKI The Current Branch release is meant for your production deployments and the Technical Preview releases are for testing new upcoming features in the product, and are aimed at Lab use only. The PKI guides are added in case you want to experiment with any roles requiring certificates. Endpoint Manager - Intune Adding devices or users to an Azure AD group after Windows Autopilot is complete but only when the device is marked as Compliant Gathering logs and sending an email when resetting Windows Autopilot - part 1 Gathering logs and sending an email when you need to reset Windows Autopilot - part 2 Gathering logs and sending an email when you need to reset Windows Autopilot - part 3 Adding devices to an Azure AD group after Windows Autopilot is complete - part 1 Adding devices to an Azure AD group after Windows Autopilot is complete - part 2 Displaying a welcome page after Windows Autopilot completes Office 365 issues after Windows Autopilot Removing company data from Endpoint Manager enrolled phones Configuring the Registered Owner and Organization in Windows Autopilot delivered PCs Troubleshooting app deployment in Windows Autopilot How can I create dynamic groups for different HoloLens devices in Microsoft Intune Android device management with Microsoft Intune – Part 1. Partnerships Android device management with Microsoft Intune – Part 2. Deployment Scenarios Android device management with Microsoft Intune – Part 3. Dedicated device management Android device management with Microsoft Intune – Part 4. Coming soon and what’s new How Microsoft uses Intune internally to manage Windows devices Learn how to leverage Intune support for Microsoft Graph and PowerShell to enable powerful automation and IT security- my notes Managing devices with Microsoft Intune: What’s new and what’s next – my notes (Part 1 – new features) Managing devices with Microsoft Intune: What’s new and what’s next – my notes (Part 2 – iOS) Managing devices with Microsoft Intune: What’s new and what’s next – my notes (Part 3 – Android) Managing devices with Microsoft Intune: What’s new and what’s next – my notes (Part 4 – macOS) Managing devices with Microsoft Intune: What’s new and what’s next – my notes (Part 5 – Windows) How can I deploy custom favorites in Microsoft Edge to Windows 10 devices using Microsoft Intune How can I send notification messages using PowerShell in Microsoft Intune Configuring BitLocker in Intune - Part 3. Testing the scripts Configuring BitLocker in Intune - Part 2. Automating Encryption Configuring BitLocker in Intune - Part 1. Configuring BitLocker Troubleshooting “Something went wrong error 801c0003” during enrollment via Windows AutoPilot and Microsoft Intune How can I use Windows AutoPilot with a Proxy ? How can I customize the start screen in Windows 10 using Intune How can I enable MDM auto-enrollment in Azure How can I create a dynamic group containing all Windows 10 version 1709 in Intune in Azure ? How can I integrate Microsoft Store for Business with Intune in Azure Getting started with Microsoft Graph and using PowerShell to automate things in Intune Using Intune to enable WIP to protect Enterprise data on Windows 10 devices (MAM-WE) What is Windows Information Protection and how can I use it to protect Enterprise data on Windows 10 devices using Intune Intune Preview in Azure get’s a new look and Software Updates for Windows 10 ! How can I check the status of my Intune service ? How can I determine how long a blade loads in Intune Preview in Azure ? How can I unlock Windows Holographic for Business features in Intune Preview? How can I find out version info about Intune Preview in Azure ? Endpoint Manager (Current Branch) Installation - How can I install System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Configuring Discovery - How can I configure discovery for System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Configuring Boundaries - How can I configure boundaries in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Using Updates and Servicing in Offline mode - How can I use Updates and Servicing in Offline mode in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Using Updates and Servicing in Online mode - How can I use Updates and Servicing in Online mode in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Setting up the Software Update Point - How can I setup Software Updates in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Installing the Client agent - How can I configure client settings and install the ConfigMgr client agent in System Center Configuration Manager Current Branch Upgrading to System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) version 1602 from System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) version 1511 How can I use the Upgrade Task Sequence in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) ? How can I use servicing plans in System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) to upgrade Windows 10 devices ? How can I deploy Windows 10 with MDT 2013 Update 2 integrated with System Center Configuration Manager (Current Branch) Setting up PKI Part 1 - Introduction and server setup Part 2 - Install and do initial configuration on the Standalone Offline Root CA Part 3 - Prepare the HTTP Web server for CDP and AIA Publication Part 4 - Post configuration on the Standalone Offline Root CA Part 5 - Installing the Enterprise Issuing CA Part 6 - Perform post installation tasks on the Issuing CA Part 7 - Install and configure the OCSP Responder role service Part 8 - Configure AutoEnroll and Verify PKI health cheers niall November 20, 2015 1 point Problems with PXE and nothing in SMSPXE.log Updating the boot media and redistributing the content to the DP after it was configured properly for PXE did the trick for me. Thanks for the tip. August 14, 2014 1 point Hyper V problem with Virtual Machine Bus in Device Manager I imported some VHD's from Microsoft Virtual PC to Hyper V, and I noticed that one of my VM's had a problem, I couldn't add a second network card to it (I could add it in settings, but it would never appear as a new device on the VM or in the VM's device manager), so I checked out the device manager, there was a device with a yellow exclamation mark on it called VMBus. Double clicking on that showed me the following error After some googling I found this post and the advice in there was spot on, I had already installed my Intergration Services Setup disk and rebooted, but my problem remained, the VMBus was now called Virtual Machine Bus but still no network, so I ran MSCONFIG, clicked on boot, then clicked on the advanced tab and put a checkmark in Detect HAL, I clicked ok and reboot, some windows drivers were redetected and lo and behold my problem disappeared ! cheers ! anyweb September 19, 2012 1 point Deploy 7 on Mass either via WDS or SCCM? On the SCCM Side, You can follow this guide to extend the schema For the rest, we have used SCCM and VMware clusters alot and find very few issues with them once you get teething issues out of the way, this includes things like vlan's/trunking etc. it can be a pain especially if your using the newer Nexus V1000 vSwitch for vSphere.. basic things i assume you'll sort out when thinking logically about it.... We separate our SCCM Central Servers from DP's as this is going to cause you alot of traffic, for our first deployment we have a couple of DP's sitting beside our SCCM Provider to handle this workload. its choice and licensing though... so go with what you feel your environment can handle... 170 WS's id say is achievable... we run between 200-500 a session during a deployment.... but just be aware its not a simple set and forget which is where alot of deployments come undone... you need to set them off and hang around for an hour or so... especially if multi casting as in our experience it seem to be still a tad on the flakey side... nothing worse than 80users showing up Monday morning without a PC to use.... I would suggest you stick with smaller groups over a few nights, ESPECIALLY if migrating from XP.... Is there any reason you couldn't script your pc naming? There's some more to go with all this but i suggest you pick a pilot target of 10-20 desktops and push it out on a Wednesday night so you have a couple of days to iron out the kinks.... and there will be kinks. For your driver issue, i'd be using SCCM if possible, and be building Driver Packs per http://www.windows-noob.com/forums/index.php?/topic/2428-how-to-create-a-driver-package/ .... read the whole post, checkout how to query WMI and install drivers that way if you have more concerns. Im not a huge fan of using just MDT and WDS to deploy, to much extra scripting required to get your basics setup..... this is just my experience and 2cents
0.974075	International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi and Head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization Mohammad Eslami shake hands as they meet in Tehran, Iran Photograph:( Reuters ) Follow Us Story highlights The IAEA has repeatedly said it has no indication that Iran has a secret weapons programme, and Iran insists its aims are peaceful Time is running out for the U.N. atomic watchdog to gain access to re-install cameras at a centrifuge-parts workshop in Iran, as the agency will soon be unable to guarantee equipment is not being diverted to make atom bombs, its chief said on Wednesday. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Rafael Grossi was speaking the day after a trip to Tehran in which he said he made no progress on several disputes, the most pressing of which is getting access to the workshop at the TESA Karaj complex two months after Iran promised to grant it. The workshop makes parts for advanced centrifuges - machines that enrich uranium - and was the victim of apparent sabotage in June. Tehran blames Israel for what it says was an attack, which destroyed one of four IAEA cameras there. Iran later removed all the cameras and the destroyed camera's footage is missing. Also read \| 'I am a WOMAN': Iranian goalkeeper Zohreh Koudaei reacts to claims that she is a MAN, vows to sue Jordanian FA "We are close to the point where I would not be able to guarantee continuity of knowledge," Grossi told a news conference on the first day of a quarterly meeting of his agency's 35-nation Board of Governors. That would mean there was a gap in IAEA monitoring of sensitive installations, during which a significant amount of material or equipment could be siphoned off to a secret nuclear weapons programme. The IAEA has repeatedly said it has no indication that Iran has a secret weapons programme, and Iran insists its aims are peaceful. But Grossi said he still does not know whether Karaj is operational or not five months after the apparent attack. "It is obvious that such a long period of time without us getting access, knowing whether there are operational activities ongoing, is something that in itself would at some point prevent me from continuing to say 'I have an idea of what is going on'," Grossi said. Also read \| Iran frees two soldiers kidnapped by Jaish ul-Adl terrorist group Complicating factor The issue is a complicating factor ahead of indirect talks between the United States and Iran on reviving the 2015 nuclear deal with major powers that resume in Vienna on Monday. The United States and its European allies would normally pressure Iran on the issue by trying to pass a resolution against it at the IAEA's quarterly meeting. However, diplomats say it is unlikely there will be any such attempt this time for fear of jeopardising those talks aimed at bringing Tehran and the United States back into full compliance with the 2015 deal. That deal lifted international sanctions against Tehran in exchange for restrictions on Iran's nuclear activities, but little currently remains of the pact in practice. Former President Donald Trump, who vehemently opposed the deal struck before he took office, pulled Washington out of the agreement and reimposed US sanctions on Iran, prompting Iran to progressively breach its restrictions and keep advancing its nuclear activities.
0.957237	Denial and deception (D&D) is a Western theoretical framework[1] for conceiving and analyzing military intelligence techniques pertaining to secrecy and deception.[2] Originating in the 1980s, it is roughly based on the more pragmatic Soviet practices of maskirovka (which preceded the D&D conceptualization by decades) but it has a more theoretical approach compared to the latter.[1] Description In the D&D framework, denial and deception are seen as distinct but complementary endeavors.[2] Denial most often involves security and concealment to prevent foreign agents, photographic surveillance, electronic monitoring, or even the media from revealing secretive diplomatic or military matters. Deception is the construction of a false reality for the adversary through intentionally "leaked" false information, false stories implanted in the media, dummy or decoy structures or military formations, or numerous other measure.[3] For example, in the Japanese information warfare campaign that preceded the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the D&D approach identifies as a denial measure the twice-repeated change in naval call signs effected by the Imperial Navy between 1 November and 1 December, but identifies as a deception measure the Japanese Foreign Office announcement that a large Japanese liner would sail to California on December 2 to evacuate Japanese citizens.[4] Coordinated plan A denial and deception campaign is most effective when numerous denial and deceptive efforts are coherently coordinated to advance a specific plan; however, the most effective such operations are very complex, involving numerous persons or organizations, and this can prove exceedingly difficult. A single failed denial measure or deception can easily jeopardize an entire operation.[3] Mearsheimer According to political scientist John J. Mearsheimer (Why Leaders Lie), during peaceful times, inter-state deceptions have little traction as the level of trust between states is usually already very low and therefore being caught in a lie would be ruinous. On the other hand, leaders in democracies move up the ranks largely by employing political deception and thus are not only familiar with deceiving the public for personal gain but also have considerable political capital and public trust following their election. With this comparatively high level of trust, democratic leaders are the most likely to successfully target the public with deceptions, particularly with fearmongering. Following this successful deception, the two democratic leaders were effective in launching the Iraq War with little opposition.[5] Shulsky According to Abram Shulsky, democracies, like the United States, had difficulty employing denial and deception campaigns. This is largely due to the open media of most such societies which frequently expose any major operations undertaken militarily or diplomatically. Also, legal restrictions tend to hamper governments and particularly intelligence services in democratic societies. The exception to these restrictions occurs in wartime, when some measure of martial law is imposed and legal impediments are relaxed. Authoritarian systems of government, however, frequently employ denial and deception campaigns both domestically and abroad to manipulate domestic opposition and foreign governments. These operations are unhampered by legal restrictions or an open media. Non-state actors, such as terrorist organizations, frequently use denial and deception to influence governments and the public opinion of target societies.[6] Other authors illustrate the D&D topic with Operation Fortitude and consider it one of the most successful such examples in history.[7][8][9] According to Donald C.F. Daniel, democratic societies have more qualms with deception than they have with denial (in the technical sense used in this article); Daniel contrasts the little public controversy that surrounded the secretive way in which Nixon's rapprochement with China was negotiated (as example of secrecy/denial that did not cause a public outrage) with the uproar caused by the 2001 announcement of the Office of Strategic Influence (an institution that had among its stated goals the planting of false stories in the foreign press).[2] United States Department of Defense According to United States Department of Defense definitions, military deception includes both denial and deception (as defined in the D&D framework).[10] Canadian OPSEC officer John M. Roach notes that "Deception used as a broad, general term includes the elements of both denial and deception, each having distinct actions that are either active or passive."[11] D&D is not the only terminology used to make this distinction; according to Roach "passive deception" is another technical term for denial.[11] Western writers see the Soviet (and post-Soviet) maskirovka practices as not drawing a sharp or significant distinction between the two components of denial and deception.[1][11] The Islamic concepts of kitman and taqiyya, or at least the jihadist interpretations thereof, have been seen by Westerners as the equivalents of the two components of denial and (respectively) deception.[11][12] Since taqiyya is a word with Shiite connotations, Sunni militants sometimes prefer to use the word iham instead, roughly with the meaning "deception of unbelievers".[13] Although the Chinese deception theory literature is vast and uses rather different terminology (relative to Western works), some recent surveys have identified that "seduction"—understood as convincing the enemy to make fatal mistakes—is considered the highest form of deception while confusing or denying information to the enemy are considered lesser forms.[14] See also Defense in depth Disinformation False flag Plausible deniability References Hutchinson, William. (2004) "The Influence of Maskirovka on Contemporary Western Deception Theory and Practice." Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Information Warfare and Security. ISBN 0-9547096-2-4. Donald C.F. Daniel (2005). "Denial and Deception". In Jennifer E. Sims; Burton L. Gerber (eds.). Transforming U. S. Intelligence. Georgetown University Press. pp. 134–141. ISBN 1-58901-477-4. Abram Shulsky, "Elements of Strategic Denial and Deception," in Strategic Denial and Deception: The Twenty-First Century Challenge, ed. Roy Godson and James J. Wirtz (Piscataway: Transaction Publishers, 2002), 15-17; Roy Godson and James J. Wirtz, "Strategic Denial and Deception," International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (2000): 425-426. James B. Bruce & Michael Bennett (2008). "Foreign Denial and Deception". In Roger Z. George & James B. Bruce (eds.). Analyzing Intelligence. Georgetown University Press. p. 124. ISBN 1-58901-239-9. John J. Mearsheimer’s “Why Leaders Lie” By Carlos Lozada April 15, 2011 Ibid., 427-428. Michael I. Handel (2012). "Intelligence and Deception". In John Gooch (ed.). Military Deception and Strategic Surprise!. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-136-28202-7. Glenn P. Hastedt, ed. (2011). Spies, Wiretaps, and Secret Operations: A-J. ABC-CLIO. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-85109-807-1. H. Wentworth Eldredge (2013). "Biggest Hoax of the War. Operation FORTITUDE: The Allied deception plan that fooled the Germans about Normandy". In Hy Rothstein; Barton Whaley (eds.). The Art and Science of Military Deception. Artech House. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-60807-551-5. Article previously published in Air Power History, vol. 37, no. 3, Fall 1990, pp. 15-22 Johnson, Mark, and Jessica Meyeraan. "Military deception: Hiding the real-showing the fake". Joint Forces Staff College, Joint and Combined Warfighting School, p. 4 John M. Roach, DECEPTION: Can information superiority be achieved with or without it?, Newsletter of the OPSEC Professionals Society, July 2012, Volume 3, Issue 2, p. 7. Also published in The Canadian Army Journal Vol. 10.3 Fall 2007, p. 117-120 Devin R. Springer; James L. Regens; David N. Edger (2009). Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad. Georgetown University Press. p. 51. ISBN 1-58901-578-9. Bassam Tibi (2008). Political Islam, World Politics and Europe: Democratic Peace and Euro-Islam Versus Global Jihad. Routledge. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-134-07263-7. Michael Pillsbury (2013). "Chinese Deception Doctrine: A View from Open Sources". In Hy Rothstein; Barton Whaley (eds.). The Art and Science of Military Deception. Artech House. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-60807-551-5. Intelligence management Collection HUMINT Special reconnaissance organizations Clandestine Asset recruiting Cell system Covert action Direct action Operational techniques Espionage Agents field handling Asset Black operation black bag Concealment device Cryptography Cut-out Dead drop Denial and deception Eavesdropping False flag Industrial espionage Interrogation Numbers station Official cover Non-official One-way voice link Resident spy Steganography Surveillance Signals (SIGINT) By alliances, nations and industries In modern history Operational platforms by nation Direction finding Traffic analysis TEMPEST Measurement and signature (MASINT) Electro-optical Geophysical Nuclear Radar Radiofrequency Materials Casualty estimation (earthquake) Other Cultural (CULTINT) Financial (FININT) Geospatial (GEOINT) Imagery (IMINT) Market (MARKINT) Open-source (OSINT) Technical (TECHINT) Analysis Cognitive traps Competing hypotheses Target-centric Words of estimative probability All-source intelligence Basic intelligence Intelligence assessment Medical intelligence Military geography Scientific & Technical intelligence Dissemination Intelligence cycle security Counterintelligence organizations Counterintelligence and counter-terrorism organizations Military deception Techniques Denial and deception Disinformation False flag Information warfare Maskirovka Military camouflage Psychological warfare Ruse de guerre Equipment Military dummy Q-ship Operations Bertram Bodyguard Texts The Art of War This article is issued from Wikipedia. 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0.974294	Amenhotep II was the 7th Pharaoh of Egypt's 18th Dynasty. Amenhotep his birth name, meaning "Amun is Pleased, Ruler of Heliopolis". He is sometimes referred to by Amenhotpe II, or the Greek version of his name, Amenophis II. His throne name was A-kheperu-re, meaning "Great are the Manifestations of Re". He was the son of Tuthmosis III, with whom he may have served a short co-regency of about two years. His mother was probably Merytra, a daughter of Huy, who was a divine Adoratrice of Amun and Atum and chief of choristers for Ra. Apparently, she also served as, at least his publicly acknowledge, wife. Amenhotep II's reign is considered pivotal by many Egyptologists, though it is certainly popularly overshadowed by that of his two predecessors and some of his successors of the 18th Dynasty. He is generally acknowledged to have taken care of his military duties early on, thereafter establishing a peaceful and prosperous reign suitable to fairly extensive expansion of temple monuments. Notably, Amenhotep II was well known for his athletic abilities as a young man. A number of representations of him depict his participation in successful sporting pursuits. He lived in the Memphite region where he trained horses in his father's stables, and one of his greatest athletic achievements was accomplished when he shot arrows through a copper plate while driving a chariot with the reins tied about his waist. This deed was recorded in numerous inscriptions, including a stele at Giza and depictions at Thebes. So famous was the act that it was also miniaturized on scarabs that have been found in the Levant. Sara Morris, a classical art historian, has even suggested that his target shooting success formed the basis hundreds of years later for the episode in the Iliad when Achilles is said to have shot arrows through a series of targets set up in a trench. He was also recorded as having wielded an oar of some 30 ft in length, rowing six times as fast as other crew members, though this may certainly be an exaggeration. As a king, Amenhotep II's athletic abilities may have served him very well, for within a short period after gaining the throne, his metal would be tested. Various sources disagree on how many military expeditions he made into Syria, and in what year of his reign these occurred. These military actions are recorded on stele erected at Amada, Memphis and Karnak. Yet it is clear that there had been a revolt in the Syrian region, and possibly even in the ports on the Mediterranean sea. His father was well recognized as a military leader, sometimes referred to as the "Napoleon of ancient Egypt". Therefore it is perhaps not surprising that when a region in Syria known as Tikhsi heard of his father's death, they decided to test the new pharaoh (apparently not an uncommon practice). Some references refer to his first expedition taking place as early as his 2nd year of rule, though others provide that it was during his 7th. Still other references indicate that he made both of these campaigns. Regardless, he fought his was across the Orontes river and claims to have subdued all before him. One city, Niy, apparently had learnt their lesson under his father, and welcomed Amenhotep II. But at Tikhsi (Takhsy, as mentioned in the Theban tomb of Amenemheb - TT85), he captured seven prices, returning with them in the autumn. They were hung face down on the prow of his ship on the return journey, and six of them were subsequently hung on the enclosure wall of the Theban temple. The other was taken south into Nubia where his was likewise hung on the walls of Napata, "in order to cause to be seen the victorious might of His Majesty for ever and ever". According to the Stele recording these events, this first campaign netted booty consisting of 6,800 deben of gold and 500,000 deben of copper (about 1,643 and 120,833 pounds respectively), as well as 550 mariannu captives, 210 horses and 300 chariots. All sources agree that he once again campaigned in Syria during his ninth year of rule, but only in Palestine as for as the Sea of Galilee. Yet these stele, erected after year nine of Amenhotep II's rule, that provide us with this information do not bear hostile references to either Mitanni or Nahrin, the general regions of the campaigns. This is probably intentional, because apparently the king had finally made peace with these former foes. In fact, an addition at the end of the Memphis stele records that the chiefs of Nahrin, Hatti and Sangar (Babylon) arrived before the king bearing gifts and requesting offering gifts (hetepu) in exchange, as well as asking for the breath of life. Though good relations with Babylon existed during the reign of Tuthmosis III, this was the first mention of a Mitanni peace, and it is very possible that a treaty existed allowing Egypt to keep Palestine and part of the Mediterranean coast in exchange for Mitanni control of northern Syria. Underscoring this new alliance, with Nahrin, Amenhotep II had inscribed on a column between the fourth and fifth pylons at Karnak, "The chiefs (weru) of Mitanni (My-tn) come to him, their deliveries upon their backs, to request offering gifts from his majesty in quest of the breath of life". The location for this column in the Tuthmose wadjyt, or columned hall, was significant, because the hall was venerated as the place where his father received a divine oracle proclaiming his future kingship. It is also associated with the Tuthmose line going back to Tuthmosis I, who was the first king to campaign in Syria. Furthermore, we also learn that Amenhotep II at least asked for the hand of the Mitanni king, Artatama I, in marriage. By the end of Amenhotep II's reign, the Mitanni who had been so recently a vile enemy of Egypt, were being portrayed as a close friend. After these initial campaigns, the remainder of Amenhotep II's long reign was characterized by peace in the Two Lands, including Nubia where his father settled matters during his reign. This allowed him to somewhat aggressively pursue a building program that left his mark at nearly all the major sites where his father had worked. Some of these projects may have even been initiated during his co-regency with his father, for at Amada in Lower Nubia dedicated to Amun and Ra-Horakhty celebrated both equally, and at Karnak, he participated in his father's elimination of any vestiges of his hated stepmother, Hatshepsut. There was also a bark chapel built celebrating his co-regency at Tod. However, he also left monuments at Pnub on Argo Island, at Sai, Uronarti, Kumma, Buhen, Qasr Ibrim, Sehel, Elephantine, Gebel Tingar, Gebel el-Silsila, Elkab, Armant, Karnak, Thebes, including his tomb and a funerary temple, Medamud, Dendera, Giza and Heliopolis. Of these, his building work at Giza and Karnak are particularly notable. At Giza he built a temple dedicated to the god Horemakhet, a sun-god identified with the Great Sphinx. This Sphinx and its adjoining amphitheatre became the site of a cult of royal ancestors, including Amenhotep II himself and his son, Tuthmosis IV, who set up the great dream stele between its paws. The Sphinx's (Horemakhet) cult lasted well into Roman times and pilgrims left votive offerings in the enclosure wall of the amphitheatre or in the chapels if possible. Hence, Amenhotep II's addition of a chapel to the cult was significant. At Karnak, after finishing his father's work of eliminating Hatshepsut's name, he set about creating his sed-festival just as his father had done before him. This pavilion, reconstructed in modern times by Charles Van Siclen, was a court of relief carved square pillars with decorated walls on the sides, and has been dated to the late part of his reign. Following an old tradition, the decorations featured elaborate royal regalia for the king, especially emphasizing solar connections, including multiple sun discs on top of crowns, and tiny falcons set above the sun discs, creating an association with Ra-Horakhty. It also included scenes of his mother. The building was built in front of Karnak's south entrance at the eighth pylon, which in effect, created a new main gateway to the complex. An inscription on one of the pillars implies that this may not have been to celebrate his first sed festival, though such text is difficult to interpret, and is sometimes though to simply imply wishes expressed for the king's coming jubilees. The gardens of Amun were directly in front of this chapel, but the building was dismantled at the end of the 18th Dynasty to accommodate alterations made by Horemheb. The material was later reused for a different building constructed by Seti I at the beginning of the 19th Dynasty. Amenhotep II also built another temple to Amun in the northern Karnak district, a precinct that was later dedicated to Montu of Thebes. However, the material from this project was also later used to form part of the foundations of a temple constructed by Amenhotep III, which was still later adapted to building projects during the Greek Period. However, he apparently participated in several other building projects in the area of Karnak including probably building a ceremonial residence or palace. Also notable was his additions to nearby temple of Montu at Medamud about eight kilometers north, particularly since later there was a processional way between northern Karnak and Medamud. Other than his mother, Amenhotep II made public none of his wives, though he certainly demonstrated his procreative powers. A number of princes are attested to, including another Amenhotep, Tuthmosis, Khaemwaset (possibly), Amenemopet, Ahmose, Webensenu and Nedjem, among others. Yet though he probably also sired a number of princesses, they like his queens, are difficult to document. The lack of documentary evidence of his queens and princesses was doubtless a conscious rejection of the dynastic role played by woman as "god's wives of Amun". Perhaps he (as well as his father) realized that queens such as Hatshepsut, who represented the dynastic family, could be dangerous if they became too powerful. As usual, different resources provide different time frames for Amenhotep II's reign. While the Chronicle of the Pharaohs by Peter A. Clayton gives his reign lasting from 1453 until 1419 BC, The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt provides a reign between 1427 until 1400 BC. Regardless, upon his death he was buried in the Valley of the Kings on the West Bank at Luxor (ancient Thebes) in tomb KV35. Prior to the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb by Howard Carter, KV35 was the only royal burial in Egypt where the pharaoh was discovered in his own sarcophagus. However, he was not alone in his tomb for the priests in antiquity had used it for a hiding place for other royal mummies. Amenophis II's tomb is an architectural delight. Designated KV 35, it was located by Victor Loret on the slope opposite of the Valley of the King's main wadi in March of 1998. Like most all of the tombs in the Valley of the Kings, it had been extensively looted, though there were a few surprises. This is a large tomb with complex architecture, though very similar in many respects to the tomb of Tuthmosis III. Like other tombs in the valley, there are two sets of stairways and two corridors prior to the ritual shaft. New for this tomb are decorations depicting the king performing ritual acts before Osiris, Anubis and Hathor. From the ritual shaft, the tomb takes a 90 degree turn into the two pillared vestibule. Wide flight of stairs leads out of the vestibule into a third corridor and then into a large, six pillared room. This room has images of the king in the presence of various deities. At the back (south) of the six pillared room beyond the last set of pillars is the burial chamber. The burial chamber contains the kings red quartzite sarcophagus and until 1928, the mummy of the king. The mummy was transferred to the Cairo Museum at that time. However, this is one of the surprises in this tomb, for unlike other tombs in the valley, Amenophis II's mummy was found intact, with a garland of mimosa flowers at his neck, though the coffin he was laid in was perhaps a replacement. Normally, tomb robbers would search the mummies for gold amulets and other valuable objects, but for some reason they ignored the mummy of this king. There is one annex to either side of the six pillared room, and two more annexes, one one each side of the burial chamber. The burial chamber includes the complete text of the Book of Amduat, including the corresponding illustrations. The whole text is laid out as though on a huge papyrus. This text, in simple paint (no reliefs), is in cursive hieroglyphs. On the ceiling is the familiar pattern of gold stars on a dark blue background. Within the the western lateral annex, which was enclosed by a stone wall, Loret found his second surprise, for here he found the sarcophagi and mummies of nine other royal burials, as well as his son, Webensenu, and probably his mother, Hatshepsut-Meryetre. These included Tuthmosis IV, Amenophis III, Merneptah, Sety II, Siptah, Setenakhte, Ramesses IV, Ramesses V and Ramesses VI. In all, he found remains of 17 royal burials in the cache. This cache was likewise note violated. Hence, Loret's discovery of this tomb ranks high in the annuls of Egyptology. We believe it was the high priest Pinudjem I (1070-1037 BC) who had these mummies stored in Amenophis II's tomb at the beginning of the 21st Dynasty, just as Pinudjem II (990-969 BC) transferred the mummies found in the Deir el-Bahri cache. Though the tomb had been robbed, perhaps more than once in antiquity, there were a number of items found within the tomb by Loret. These objects ranged from the magical to the mundane. Some of these included: · A papyrus with extracts from the Book of Caverns · Emblems in wood · A broken Osiris bed · At least one large wooden funerary couch · Large wooden figure of serpent found near the entrance to the antechamber · Three barques · Large wooden Sekhmet figure that was made for the kings son Webensenu · Almost life-size cow head statue found in the sepulchral hall · Vases of green faience · Resin-coated wooden panther · 30 empty storage jars · Miniature wooden coffins Contact & Feedback : Egyptology and Archaeology through Images : Page last updated on 27-February-2020 :
0.999698	The Acadians are the "other" Francophone community of Canada. They are also the people who settled Louisiana in large numbers at the conclusion of the French and Indian War (about 1760) hence the derivation of the Louisiana French term "Cajun" (from the dialectical pronunciation of Acadien). Max Stanton, 30 October 1995 Interestingly, the Cajuns in Louisiana use a different flag. It is horizontally divided, blue over red, with a white triangle extending from the hoist about one third the length of the flag. In the white is centered a gold star (five-pointed); on the blue are three white fleur-de-lis; and on the red a golden castle (symbolizing Louisiana's Spanish heritage as well). John Andrew Lowe, 30 October 1995 The Acadian flag Here is the translation of the Web page about the Acadian flag: (http://www.rbmulti.nb.ca/saanb/drapeau.htm) On the 1884-08-15, the Acadians held their National Convention in Miscouche (Prince Edward Island) and chose their flag. They already chose a patron saint and a national day during an early Convention held in 1881 - they chose the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin - and needed a flag as a rallying emblem. The flag, the star-spangled* tricolor, was proposed to the Convention by the priest of Saint-Louis-de-Kent (New Brunswick), Father Marcel-Francois Richard. The University Museum in Moncton still retains the original flag presented by Father Richard to the 1884 Convention. Father Richard selected the French flag as the basis of the Acadian one to underline the adherence of the Acadians to the French civilization: "I wish that Acadia has a flag reminding not only that its children are French, but also that they are Acadians". The star in the blue band should be "the distinctive emblem of our Acadian nationality", as said Father Richard. According to him, the star of the flag represented the star of the Blessed Virgin of the Assumption, patron of the Acadians. The colour of the star, the gold, was not randomly chosen. According to Father Richard, it is the colour of the Pope, in order to show both the adherence of the Acadians to the Roman Catholic Church and the role of this Church in the history of Acadia. (Then follows the symbolic of the French tricolor. * I don't know if this word is correct for a flag with a single star. Starry might be better? Ivan Sache, 12 December 1996 'L'étoile de la mer' translates into 'the star of the sea' which means a 'Sea star'. The Acadian star is also called la 'bonne étoile' which translates into the good star or the lucky star. It represents the star that would guide the sailor 'through storms and reefs'. In the past, captains had the knowledge of certain stars that would indicate to them how far they were from their destinations. It is often mentioned that the colour of the star is gold, the colour of the Pope. But, the colours of the Vatican flag are white and yellow. (We mustn't forget that one of the keys shown on the flag is actually gold though.) I've personally seen the original Acadian flag held in the Moncton Acadian Museum, and the star is yellow not gold. Sébastien Doiron, 30 November 2005 [Editorial note: In heraldry, gold is often depicted as yellow in coats of arms.] A fair few Acadian flags I have seen were not in the French ratio (usually 3/5 instead of 2/3) showing they don't necessarily try to follow the French national pattern. This picture where you can see both an Acadian flag and a Union Jack shows the blue band to be paler. The original one seemed quite dark (although the star have faded so this can be just aging). The next is a souvenir from the Acadian historical village (orange star and 1/2 ratio). Marc Pasquin, 26 October 2006 My impression is that most flags are shorter than 1:2, but not 2:3. This is likely more at the whim of the manufacturer, since I don't think the ratio is defined. The original flag is preserved in le musée Acadien at the University of Moncton where it looks like it is 2:3. Interestingly, the blue seems quite dark. There certainly is variation in dimensions - I have seen them as long as 1:2, but most are shorter. I doubt there is any intention to the variations in ratio, other than trying to match the dimensions of other flags in use nearby. Rob Raeside, 3 November 2006 The initial ratio for the flag was 2/3 because it was based on the French flag. The reason why the ratio seems to be 1/2 today, is that the official etiquette of the Acadian flag is based on the Canadian one. Therefore, the ratio is officially 1/2, although anyone will certainly accept the other ratio as the original flag was made this way. The small flags that people like to sell in festivals have a ratio closer to 3/4, but it’s not official. This answer was given to me by the Société nationale de l’Acadie which is the most official Acadian organization there is in the world. As for the colours, it’s quite simple. It’s a French flag with a yellow star. It’s a dark blue, not light. It’s red, not orangey. It’s yellow, not orange or golden. The reason why you’ll often see a light blue is that the reason given to have a star in the blue comes from the speech Father Richard said: "The star in the blue band should be "the distinctive emblem of our Acadian nationality", as said Father Richard. According to him, the star of the flag represented the star of the Blessed Virgin of the Assumption, patron of the Acadians. The blue representing the Blessed Virgin of the Assumption (Saint Mary mother of Jesus) is this very light blue. Having in mind that the star represents Virgin Mary, they decided that the blue should be lighter to represent her as well. But it’s wrong and unfortunately people will still make them this way for years to come. I mentioned red not orange as I did see some brand new flags having an odd shade of orange red on it. As for the yellow, since it is taken from the Vatican, it should be the same yellow as on their flag, or very close. Some people play with the shades on this one because it wasn’t officially decided what is the exact shade of yellow. Also, a very bright yellow with the dark blue looks odd, if not awful. The orange yellow shade seems to be better.
0.989997	My company sells its products, whether imported or domestic brand agent Acting brands are all authentic, my company has more than a decade of industry management and abundant capital, has a number of world-renowned agent of the company, so I have a price advantage,
0.999999	Preceding Context: There are several theatres within the city centre, and various world famous actors have emerged from the Dublin theatrical scene, including Noel Purcell, Sir Michael Gambon, Brendan Gleeson, Stephen Rea, Colin Farrell, Colm Meaney and Gabriel Byrne. The best known theatres include the Gaiety, Abbey, Olympia, Succeeding Context: , and Grand Canal. The Gaiety specialises in musical and operatic productions, and is popular for opening its doors after the evening theatre production to host a variety of live music, dancing, and films. The Abbey was founded in 1904 by a group that included Yeats with the aim of promoting indigenous literary talent. It went on to provide a breakthrough for some of the city's most famous writers, such as Synge, Yeats himself and George Bernard Shaw. The Gate was founded in 1928 to promote European and American Avant Garde works. The Grand Canal Theatre is a new 2,111 capacity theatre which opened in March 2010 in the Grand Canal Dock.
0.942412	1891 Census - 3 Paradise Yard, Margate, Kent. Details of the family were as follows: Walter LASHMAR born abt 1862 Margate, Kent, Head Margate Kent, Ellen LASHMAR born abt 1861 Margate, Kent, Wife Margate Kent, Walter LASHMAR born abt 1890 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent 1901 Census - 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent - Walter D LASHAMAR born abt 1862 Margate, Kent, Head Margate Kent, Ellen E LASMHAR born abt 1861 Margate, Kent, Wife Margate Kent, Walter R LASHMAR abt 1890 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent, Horace G LASHMAR born abt 1893 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent 1911 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent 1861 Census - Have found a Census where Jethro SANDWELL was still alive. The family were at 4 Lower Booths Place, Margate, Kent. Interestingly there is an ADAMS family at no 3 Lower Booths Place, A William ADAMS, Head, Harriet ADAMS wife and a William James ADAMS, son. They do not seem to tie up with Albert Henry ADAMS who she later married, but it is possible there was a connection, I will see if I can find if they are related in any way. 1871 Census - Albert Henry ADAMS was a boarder with the family of Charlotte SANDWELL who was the Head of the Household, he was only 19 and an Agricultural Labourer. Charlotte SANDWELL was a widow, age 40 a Lodging House, Keeper, born Elham, Kent. The family were living at 15 The Dane, Margate, Kent. 1881 Census - 15 Dane Road, Margate, Kent. Found Albert Adams living at 15 Dane Road, Margate, Kent, he appears to have married a widow as the children living with were all named SANDWELL and were of a grown up age. Stephen SANDWELL, Age 24, Dealer in Coffee, born Margate, Kent, Julia SANDWELL, age 22 a dressmaker, born Margate, Ellen SANDWELL, Age 20 born Margate, Kent and Emma SANDWELL, age 18 a dressmaker, born Margate, Kent 1891 Census - 3 Paradise Yard, Margate, Kent. Details of the family were as follows: Walter LASHMAR born abt 1862 Margate, Kent, Head Margate Kent, Ellen LASHMAR born abt 1861 Margate, Kent, Wife Margate Kent, Walter LASHMAR born abt 1890 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent 1901 Census - 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent - Walter D LASHAMAR born abt 1862 Margate, Kent, Head Margate Kent, Ellen E LASMHAR born abt 1861 Margate, Kent, Wife Margate Kent, Walter R LASHMAR abt 1890 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent, Horace G LASHMAR born abt 1893 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent 1911 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent 1891 Census - 3 Paradise Yard, Margate, Kent. Details of the family were as follows: Walter LASHMAR born abt 1862 Margate, Kent, Head Margate Kent, Ellen LASHMAR born abt 1861 Margate, Kent, Wife Margate Kent, Walter LASHMAR born abt 1890 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent 1901 Census - 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent - Walter D LASHAMAR born abt 1862 Margate, Kent, Head Margate Kent, Ellen E LASMHAR born abt 1861 Margate, Kent, Wife Margate Kent, Walter R LASHMAR abt 1890 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent, Horace G LASHMAR born abt 1893 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent 1911 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent 1901 Census - 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent - Walter D LASHAMAR born abt 1862 Margate, Kent, Head Margate Kent, Ellen E LASMHAR born abt 1861 Margate, Kent, Wife Margate Kent, Walter R LASHMAR abt 1890 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent, Horace G LASHMAR born abt 1893 Margate, Kent, Son Margate Kent 1911 14 Buckingham Road, Margate, Kent The idea of these charts is to give the information that we have found in the research we have done and put together and with the help of many other people who have contacted us over the past thirty odd years we have been researching our family. The idea is that you click on the Chart box in blue to be taken to the next family. There is now a large number of charts to be found and connections can be made to all the main families I am researching. If a chart has a box with the standard background it means that as yet I have not put the Chart on the Web. To conform to the Data Protection Act all the Charts have been altered to exclude all details for living people other than the name. Go to Chart index Return to Home Page If you have comments, alterations, corrections, amendments etc. please follow the details to be found on the Home Page to contact me.

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