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Please write an abstract with title: Microwave signal processing using dipole-exchange spin waves, and key words: Delay effects. Abstract: The possibility of the application of dipole-exchange spin waves (DESW) in ferrite (yttrium-iron garnet or YIG) films for microwave signal processing is investigated. The short-wavelength DESW were excited as a result of scattering of an input long-wavelength dipolar spin wave pulse on inhomogeneities in the YIG film.
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Please write an abstract with title: Sampling Analysis and Processing Approach for Distributed SAR Constellations With Along-Track Baselines, and key words: Azimuth, Orbits, Synthetic aperture radar, Image reconstruction, Space vehicles, Satellites, L-band. Abstract: In the constant strive for improving the capacity of next-generation spaceborne SARs while containing the increase in system complexity, distributed along-track constellations operated below Nyquist appear as one of the most promising solutions for delivering metric resolution imagery over swaths of hundreds of kilometers. In the operation of multistatic SAR constellations, however, sampling singularities typically result in dramatic noise scaling and the impossibility to recover the entire Doppler bandwidth unambiguously. We investigate in this article the likelihood of these singularities in the case of along-track distributed constellations and justify the use of irregular sampling schemes to reduce the percentage of invalid samples of an acquisition. This article also presents a bistatic polychromatic reconstruction algorithm, which is used for the evaluation of the performance of along-track distributed constellations. With all these elements, the performance of along-track multistatic systems is assessed by means of a Monte Carlo analysis and conclusions on the scaling numbers of the constellations are drawn. Based on the performance investigations, an exemplary distributed L-band SAR constellation is proposed as a corollary of this article.
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Please write an abstract with title: An SVM-based small target segmentation and clustering approach, and key words: Infrared detectors, Infrared imaging, Image segmentation, Sea surface, Image recognition, Target recognition, Image sequences, Least squares methods, Support vector machines, Kernel. Abstract: Segmentation and clustering of infrared small target images in a sky or sea-sky background is considered in this paper, which is the preprocessing part of the detection and recognition of the moving small targets in an infrared image sequence. The infrared image intensity surface is well fitted by the least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM), and then the maximum extremum points are detected on the well fitted intensity surface by convolving the image with the second order directional derivative operators deduced from the mapped LS-SVM with mixtures of kernels. With the coarse locations, the possible targets are extracted by the clustering analysis. The computer experiments are carried out for the real and simulated sky and sea-sky infrared images. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach is effective.
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Multi-node Collaborative Computing Management Model for Distribution Internet of Things, and key words: Edge computing, Computational modeling, Internet of Things, Power distribution, Cloud computing, Delays, Collaboration. Abstract: A multi-node collaborative computing management model for power distribution IoT is proposed to solve the problem of excessive inferred delay caused by heavy computing tasks in the cloud server for power distribution. First, based on the intelligent control characteristics of the Internet of Things and the actual needs of the distribution network, an edge computing and distribution network fusion method is proposed. Then, combined with the PTN network structure, a multi-terminal node distribution model for the distribution Internet of Things is established. Finally, a distribution IoT management model based on edge multi-node collaborative computing is constructed. Simulation results show that the model reduces the inferred delay of cloud computing when a large number of smart device terminals of the power distribution IoT are connected.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel ZF and MMSE Receiver for Modified Walsh-Hadamard Code Division Multiplexing in Helicopter Satellite Communications, and key words: Code division multiplexing, Satellites, Spectral efficiency, Computer simulation, Bit error rate, Helicopters, Rotors. Abstract: In helicopter satellite communications, overcoming periodic signal blockage caused by rotor blades is an important issue. Modified Walsh-Hadamard code division multiplexing (MWHCDM) is a promising solution. However, it is adversely affected by the inter-code interference (ICI) due to the periodic blockage. This paper proposes an ICI reduction scheme for MWHCDM. The proposed one utilizes the structure of the MWHCDM signal for reducing the ICI with zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection. The results of computer simulation demonstrated that the proposed one achieves both excellent bit error rate performance and superior spectral efficiency in the periodic blockage channel.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of Hierarchical Monitoring System for Crop Growth Environment Based on Arduino Yún Development Platform, and key words: Green products, Agriculture, Temperature sensors, Humidity, Air pollution, Temperature distribution, Pins. Abstract: Based on the scientific and technological plan of Shandong Province and the vocational education reform project of Shandong Province, this paper carefully designed a hierarchical monitoring system for crop growth environment based on Arduino Yún development platform after analyzing the current development of agricultural equipment in China. The system uses DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, GY-30 light intensity sensor and MG811 carbon dioxide concentration sensor to collect environmental information, which is designed from three aspects: sensing layer, transmission layer and application layer to realize intelligent control of the environment inside the agricultural greenhouse. The cost of agricultural production and the labor intensity of employees will increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products and achieve the goal of automation and intelligence of agricultural production.
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406 |
Please write an abstract with title: Positive output multiple-lift push-pull switched-capacitor Luo-converters, and key words: Voltage, Switching circuits, Switches, Equivalent circuits, Switched capacitor circuits, DC-DC power converters, Diodes, Electromagnetic interference, Power supplies, Electronic circuits. Abstract: Micro-power-consumption technique requires high-power-density dc/dc converters and power supply source. Voltage lift technique is a popular method to apply in electronic circuit design. Since a switched capacitor can be integrated into a power IC chip, its size is small. Combining switched-capacitor and voltage lift technique can construct dc/dc converters with small size, high power density, high-voltage transfer gain, high power efficiency, and low electromagnetic interference. This paper introduces a new series of dc/dc converters-positive output multiple-lift push-pull switched-capacitor dc/dc Luo-converters.
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Please write an abstract with title: Discrete Extended-Phase-Shift Control for Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converter With Fast Dynamic Response, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Control systems, Voltage control, Vehicle dynamics, Inductors, Switches, Resistance. Abstract: In this article, a discrete extended-phase-shift (DEPS) control scheme is proposed to improve the dynamic response of dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc–dc converter. The proposed DEPS control adjusts the transmission power of the DAB dc–dc converter by generating high and low power control pulses, which are preset to have discrete phase-shift ratios, rather than employing pulsewidth modulation control. Thus, it is simple and easy to implement in digital-signal processor or field-programmable gate array. Moreover, without error amplifier and corresponding compensation circuit, its dynamic response is fast and robust. Parameter design method considering the effect of equivalent resistance of the DAB dc–dc converter and dc-bias current elimination is also presented. Theoretical analyses, energy-balance-based iteration modeling, and control performance of DEPS controlled DAB dc–dc converter are given, and they are verified by experiments on a 96–48 V, 50 kHz (100 kHz), 288 W DAB dc–dc converter.
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Please write an abstract with title: Corner Detection Based on Scalable Masks, and key words: Fast Fourier transforms, Image edge detection, Digital images, Conferences, Two dimensional displays, Detectors, Numerical models. Abstract: Scalable masks for the selection of angular structures in two-dimensional (2D) digital images are considered. The mask is a 2D window sliding over the image and convolved with image fragments. We propose the model of a scalable 2D mask based on expanding smaller mask along its sides and edges. In this case, the submatrices remain unchanged, and the generation of new elements consists in repeating the elements of the submatrix, preserving the structure of the corner. Numerical experiments with test images are performed.
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409 |
Please write an abstract with title: Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search Based on Variational Inference Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Performance evaluation, Convolution, Neural networks, Evolutionary computation, Search problems, Encoding, Bayes methods. Abstract: In past decades, Bayesian neural networks have attracted much attention due to their advantages of being less prone to over-fitting and being able to generate uncertain measurements with discriminant results. However, Compared with traditional neural networks, Bayesian neural network has too many hyper-parameters to be optimized, so that its performance in classification or regression problems on large-scale datasets is not much superior to ordinary neural networks. Therefore, in order to design a Bayesian network with superior performance, we propose VIBCNN-EvoNAS, a Bayesian convolutional neural network architecture search framework based on variational inference, which constructs a search space through a fixed length integer encoding scheme, and uses evolutionary algorithm as a search strategy to deeply explore the influence of convolution kernel size and other related parameters on the network architecture. In addition, in order to reduce the time loss caused by individual evaluation, we adopt the early stop mechanism in the performance evaluation stage. The proposed method is evaluated on CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 datasets, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Blockchain and FOT (Fog of Things) based Framework and Technique for Anticipating an Infectious Illness Sent by a Harmful Respiratory Infection, and key words: COVID-19, Patents, Cloud computing, Organizations, Sensor systems, Sensors. Abstract: The current exploration is by and large identified with a framework and technique for anticipating an irresistible sickness, for example, COVID-19 communicated by a harmful respiratory infection. Revealed are a framework and technique for anticipating an irresistible infection communicated by a harmful respiratory infection. The system joins a larger part of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, a larger part of fog center devices, and a greater part of handling contraptions in cloud server ranches. The IoT sensors are organized to be joined to a larger part of individuals to deliver a prosperity dataset. The Fog registering devices are connected with a haze lay-er to get the prosperity dataset from the IoT sensors to quantify and store the prosperity dataset over a square chain organization. The contraptions measure the prosperity da-taset at the mist layer by playing out haze handling. The figuring contraptions and cloud server ranches get the taken care of prosperity dataset from the haze center point devices over the blockchain network. This assessment is in like manner requested of for the patent in Indian Patent Office with application number – 202011021969.
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Please write an abstract with title: An algebraic geometry approach to protein structure determination from NMR data, and key words: Geometry, Proteins, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Polynomials, Spectroscopy, Crystallography, Bonding, Biology computing, Computational modeling, Simulated annealing. Abstract: Our paper describes the first provably-efficient algorithm for determining protein structures de novo, solely from experimental data. We show how the global nature of a certain kind of NMR data provides quantifiable complexity-theoretic benefits, allowing us to classify our algorithm as running in polynomial time. While our algorithm uses NMR data as input, it is the first polynomial-time algorithm to compute high-resolution structures de novo using any experimentally-recorded data, from either NMR spectroscopy or X-Ray crystallography. Improved algorithms for protein structure determination are needed, because currently, the process is expensive and time-consuming. In our algorithm, RDC (residual dipolar coupling) data, which gives global restraints on the orientation of internuclear bond vectors, is used in conjunction with very sparse NOE data to obtain a polynomial-time algorithm for protein structure determination. An implementation of our algorithm has been applied to 6 different real biological NMR data sets recorded for 3 proteins. Our algorithm is combinatorially precise, polynomial-time, and uses much less NMR data to produce results that are as good or better than previous approaches in terms of accuracy of the computed structure as well as running time. In practice approaches such as restrained molecular dynamics and simulated annealing, which lack both combinatorial precision and guarantees on running time and solution quality, are commonly used. Our results show that by using a different "slice" of the data, an algorithm that is polynomial time and that has guarantees about solution quality can be obtained. We believe that our techniques can be. extended and generalized for other structure-determination problems such as computing side-chain conformations and the structure of nucleic acids from experimental data.
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Please write an abstract with title: On negotiating automatic device configuration in smart environments, and key words: Cellular phones, Switches, Watches, Security, Motion pictures, Privacy, Computer architecture, Mobile computing, Wearable computers, Portable computers. Abstract: As the number of mobile devices we carry grows, the job of managing those devices throughout the day becomes cumbersome. In addition, the ability to use mobile devices in unethical ways without being detected is becoming widespread [Popyack, J., et al. (2003)]. It is desirable for mobile devices to automatically configure themselves based on the context of the environment and user preferences for both convenience and security purposes. Having the cell phone switch the ringer off and turn on the vibrate notification in a movie theatre is convenient to the user; while having the video phone disable its video capabilities in a locker room is necessary for others' privacy. We present a preliminary architecture for automatic device configuration in smart environments and explore the issues in negotiating between the device owner's wishes and those of the owner of the smart environment.
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Please write an abstract with title: Simple method for measuring skin elasticity in vivo in situ, and key words: In vivo, Surgery, Elasticity, Skin, Mechanical factors, Velocity measurement, Plastics. Abstract: Measurement of skin mechanical properties suffers from different issues. Many methods for describing it have already been developed. The available methods do not meet every requirement from clinical practice. This paper presents technical concept of new method for measuring mechanical properties of human skin with aim for usage in clinical conditions. The emphasis during development is put on availability even during procedures and fast measurements results above precision and complexion. The paper then presents design of the device called "elastometer" we developed and presents results of measurements on plastic samples as well as human skin. Measuring of samples suggests that this new simple method is comparable with the more complex ones. The goal is to present this new concept to readers and to prove potential of this concept for future development. More on the topic can be found in theses which led to this paper [1], [2] (in czech).
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Please write an abstract with title: OMOPredictor: An Online Multi-Step Operator Performance Prediction Framework in Distributed Streaming Processing, and key words: Task analysis, Prediction algorithms, Kernel, Predictive models, Neural networks, Performance evaluation. Abstract: Recently, with the development of distributed stream processing systems, the elastic resource scaling technique has been significantly improved. Many researchers focus on leveraging the approaches based on predicting the trend of data load to implement the elastic scaling. However, the existing predicting methods cannot track and predict the fluctuation of performance online accurately, and they need to utilize more dimensions of the raw data and resources to enhance the performance of prediction. To address these issues, we propose a framework named OMOPredictor to make an accurate prediction of operator performance online. The experimental results show that OMOPredictor can enhance the prediction of the operator performance on three real-world datasets.
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415 |
Please write an abstract with title: Management platform for second-use of retired power battery based on IPv6 and blockchain technology, and key words: Batteries, Contracts, Electric vehicles, Industries, Base stations, Internet of Things. Abstract: With the rapid growth of electric vehicle industry, more and more power batteries have retired, which can be a huge threat to the environment if not processed properly. In this article, we propose a management platform to utilize the retired power batteries more effectively. We also add blockchain to our system. The blockchain technology can streamline this complex process that involves several intermediaries because of lack of trust among participants in the transaction. The transfer of ownership would be automatic as the transaction gets recorded to a blockchain, and shared among the participants. Based on the requirements for the industrialization of second-use process, we also conducted in-depth research on the key common technologies that affect the reuse of battery.
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416 |
Please write an abstract with title: Stady of the Algeria / Tunisia interconnection network stability by insertion a phase-shifting transformer "PST", and key words: Multiprocessor interconnection, Power quality, Laboratories, Lightning, Quality of service, Power system stability, Stability analysis. Abstract: For interconnection networks, stability and security of networks in each country are of major importance for companies of generation and transmission of electrical energy and an objective of several research laboratories. For obvious technical and economic reasons, it is not possible to build networks free of malfunctions; they are particularly exposed at least to natural aggressions like lightning. Networks are therefore affected by disturbances that might affect the equipment durability and the quality of service provided and despite the existence of many traditional technical methods of stability, one always look for new methods that can improve the service quality. For this purpose, we will try in this thesis to address this issue through initially a thorough description of the interconnection network Algeria / Tunis then using the recorded incidents statistics, we focused our study on the disturbed line 220KV between AL Aouinette and Tajerouine with a proposed solution is to install a power transformer-type shifter "PST"
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Please write an abstract with title: Common-Mode EMI Cancellation in Full-Bridge Based Isolated DC-DC Converters, and key words: Legged locomotion, Switching frequency, Noise reduction, Electromagnetic interference, Capacitors, Rectifiers, DC-DC power converters. Abstract: This paper introduces an approach to substantially reduce common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by isolated DC-DC converters using full-bridge inverters and/or rectifiers. By minimizing CM noise, CM chokes can be miniaturized and converters can achieve higher power density. The proposed technique is applicable to all isolated converter topologies having at least one full-bridge that is operated with 180⁰ phase-shift between its two legs. In this paper, a capacitor-inductor-inductor-inductor-capacitor (CLLLC) converter is used to demonstrate the approach. First, the CM noise model of the CLLLC converter is developed. Then, capacitors with values derived from closed-form expressions are added at appropriate locations to make the CM noise current generated by one leg of the full bridge inverter and rectifier cancel with that generated by the other leg. Finally, the proposed cancellation scheme is validated on the Texas Instruments reference design TIDM-02002. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve about 17dB noise reduction at fundamental switching frequency and as much as 30dB noise reduction at higher frequencies.
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Please write an abstract with title: Diffraction and selective properties of one-dimensional and two-dimensional periodic structures in a wide range of angles of incidence, and key words: Optical diffraction, Diffraction, Solar energy, Optics, Nanostructures, Laser beams, Periodic structures. Abstract: The diffraction and selective properties of various types of periodic nanostructures in promising photopolymer materials at radiation incidence in a wide range of angles are presented for the creation on their basis of effective deflectors and laser beam splitters, as well as diffractive elements for solar energy.
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419 |
Please write an abstract with title: Enabling Glass Wafers in a Si Fab, and key words: Radio frequency, Performance evaluation, Industries, Glass, Semiconductor device manufacture, Silicon, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: Glass has unique properties that makes it attractive for certain applications, such as transparency for optical components and low nonlinearity for RF. The Si industry has created highly sophisticated process capabilities in terms of feature size and high precision, among other features. Combining the two creates new possibilities not only in device performance, but also scale economies. This paper discusses challenges in using glass in a Si fab and how to overcome these challenges.
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Please write an abstract with title: Solving Electromagnetic Scattering Contribution from Each Component Region with HO-SIE-DDM Solver, and key words: Integral equations, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic compatibility, Numerical models, Dielectrics, Matrix decomposition, Coatings. Abstract: In this paper, a surface integral equation (SIE) method based on the global solution of the method of moments (MoM) is developed for the analysis of the contribution of component electromagnetic flow to the overall metallic target. In this SIE, the whole target is divided into several different sub-regions by using the idea of domain decomposition (DD). Then, on the basis of the current coefficient matrix obtained by MoM, this SIE method can calculate the contribution value generated by electromagnetic flows on each component region from the sub-region by marking and partitioning the target. Moreover, two technologies are further adopted to enhance the efficiency and flexibility of this SIE method. One is that curved triangular elements and higher order hierarchical vector (HOHV) basis functions are applied, which can remarkably reduce the unknown amount of the conventional SIE. The other is that a DD method is adopted to employ a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approach to glue conformal/ nonconformal surface grids between adjacent subdomains. It is obvious that this HO-SIE based on DDM can further increase the flexibility of geometrical modeling and accelerate the convergence of the HO-SIE for electrically large and multiscale metallic targets. Finally, two numerical results are given to demonstrate the validity of this method.
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Please write an abstract with title: Information Systems Maturity Level Assessment using the HISMM Framework: Case Study of State Hospital in Jakarta, and key words: Data analysis, Hospitals, Information security, Focusing, Organizations, Safety, Resource management. Abstract: Efforts to deal with several risks have been regulated by law, which certain programs should be initiated by the organization especially for the prevention and control of patient care in the context of hospital management system. The availability of service facilities and medical equipment is important in handling Covid-19 patients as many drawbacks have been found due to new circumstances that many do not predict before, such as the allocation room and time management for separating the patients within treatment. Indeed, the shortcomings in managing the process often related to the utilization of technology infrastructure in containing patients' data and the medicine effectively. It is better to identify the issues resides in the hospital before coming up with the solution. Thus, this study want to assess the maturity level of the Information System using the Healthcare Information System Maturity Model (HISMM) as the framework. In the detail, to increase the flexibility of the environment for the sake of study, the investigation was conducted focusing on several attributes as a reference by analysing six dimensions that were relevant namely Data Analysis, Strategy, People, Electronic Medical Records, Information Security, and IT Infrastructure System. The results of this study indicated that State Hospital Jakarta has reached the maturity level at position 4 (four), which is equal to democratic cooperation. The recommendations given in this study are in the form of a roadmap that contains several steps in respected attributes that can support hospitals to reach the next level of maturity in the future.
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Please write an abstract with title: Bumped Tape Automated Bonding (BTAB) Practical Application Guidelines, and key words: Bonding, Guidelines, Wire, Fabrication, Assembly, Testing, Hybrid integrated circuits, Integrated circuit technology, Packaging, Oceans. Abstract: A number of mass bonding techniques have been used to replace wire bonding in hybrid microcircuit (HM) fabrication, but none has approached universal acceptance. In recent years tape carrier technology, typically called tape automated bonding (TAB) has received considerable attention. A more recent development, bumped tape automated bonding (BTAB), maintains the advantages of conventional TAB, offers some unique features of its own, and can be quite compatible with conventional aluminum-metallized integrated circuit (lC) chips. The present status of BTAB technology from the standpoint of practical HM fabrication and performance is presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: Attention Multisource Fusion-Based Deep Few-Shot Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Adaptation models, Data models, Classification algorithms, Training, Data mining, Data integration. Abstract: Recently, deep learning-based methods outperform others in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, the deep learning methods require sufficient labeled samples to improve performance, which is unfeasible in practice. The training labels are usually limited in HSIs that need to be classified (namely target domain), while other available labels in multisource HSIs (namely source domain) are not utilized effectively. To mitigate these issues, an attention multisource fusion method of few-shot learning (AMF-FSL) is proposed for small-sized HSI classification. AMF-FSL is an implementation of few-shot learning (FSL) in the meta-learning field, which can transfer the learned ability of classification from multiple source data to target data. The process of learning to classify in AMF-FSL is not restricted by the traditional requirement of the same distribution between the source and target domains, which can learn from the source domain and apply it to a different distribution in the target domain. Moreover, the multisource domain adaption in AMF-FSL has the capacity of extracting features from fused homogeneous and heterogeneous data in the source domain, which can improve the generalization of the classification model in the cross domains. Specifically, the multisource domain adaption contains three modules, namely the target-based class alignment, domain attention assignment, and multisource data fusion, which are responsible for aligning the class space, paying band-level attention, and merging the distributions of homogeneous and heterogeneous data in the source domain. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the multisource domain adaption and the superiority of AMF-FSL over other state-of-the-art methods in small-sized HSI classification.
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Please write an abstract with title: A 13.56 MHz Wireless Power Transfer System with Bidirectional Data Link and Closed-loop Power Control for Implantable Neuromuscular Stimulator, and key words: Receivers, Wireless communication, Power control, Transmitters, Rectifiers, Field programmable gate arrays, Implants. Abstract: This paper presents a 13.56 MHz wireless power transfer (WPT) system for fully implantable neuromuscular stimulator. Bidirectional wireless data link and closed-loop power control functions are incorporated into the WPT system for stable power delivery to the implant. The external power transmitter (PTX) module includes a DC-DC converter and a Class-E power amplifier (PA) for tunable high efficiency power transmission. The forward link command is modulated on the carrier by amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation. The implantable power receiver (PRX) module receives power and data simultaneously from the coupling inductors. PTX and PRX are implemented with discrete components and integrated circuit, respectively. Measurement results showed over 90% Class-E PA efficiency and 42% PRX power conversion efficiency.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Optimized Operational Simulation Approach for Multi-Functional Commercial Building with Combined Electric-Heat Energy Storage Facilities, and key words: Analytical models, Energy consumption, Costs, Supply and demand, Buildings, Predictive models, Energy management. Abstract: Commercial building consumes a major proportion of the whole society energy consumption due to its high energy consumption density. The buildings have constant heating and cooling demands, which are majorly supplied by the electric chillers, gas and electric boilers. This paper uses TRNBuild, TRNSYS and other methods to simulate energy systems in buildings, heating and cooling, and power loads, and analyzes the energy supply and demand of the systems. Then, according to the results, the corresponding energy management scheme is developed to achieve the overall energy management analysis of the system.
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Please write an abstract with title: On OFDM systems with spatially correlated antennas in low multipath diversity situations, and key words: OFDM, Fading, Degradation, Frequency response, Sampling methods, Multipath channels, Antenna accessories, Linear antenna arrays, Frequency diversity, Frequency domain analysis. Abstract: Spatial correlation is introduced when antennas are not well separated, which typically leads to performance degradation in space diversity systems for flat fading wireless channels. However, in a frequency-selective environment with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), multipath diversity can help in overcoming this performance degradation. This is due to transformation of a highly spatially correlated channel impulse response to less spatially correlated channel frequency response inherently by an OFDM system in the presence of multipath diversity . In this letter, we numerically evaluate the minimum antenna separation required for a target spatial correlation in the frequency domain in situations with low multipath diversity. Performance results for two highly spatially correlated receive antennas with such spacing are provided for low multipath diversity channels and it is found to be within 1 dB (at BER=10/sup -3/) of spatially uncorrelated reception for QPSK modulation.
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of a readout technique for the high data rate BTeV pixel detector at Fermilab, and key words: Bandwidth, Sensor arrays, Flexible electronics, Silicon, Bonding, Circuit simulation, Clocks, Frequency, Radiation detectors, Helium. Abstract: The pixel detector for the BTeV experiment at Fermilab provides digitized data from approximately 22 million silicon pixel channels. Portions of the detector are six millimeters from the beam providing a substantial hit rate and high radiation dose. The pixel detector data will be employed by the lowest level trigger system for track reconstruction every beam crossing. These requirements impose a considerable constraint on the readout scheme. This paper presents a readout technique that provides the bandwidth that is adequate for high hit rates, minimizes the number of radiation hard components, and satisfies all other design constraints.
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428 |
Please write an abstract with title: Balancing autonomy and benefit in research ethics, and key words: Ethics, Humans, Drugs, Medical diagnostic imaging, Motorcycles, Protection, Guidelines, Brain injuries, Road transportation, Government. Abstract: Laws requiring motorcycle riders to wear helmets save lives and prevent nasty brain injuries. However, a substantial number of riders resent this parentalism and want to be free to decide whether to ride without a helmet and take the additional risk. After all, motorcycle riders have already chosen a more risky form of transportation. The debate is a conflict about which of two legitimate values should prevail: benefits to riders or freedom to choose. It is a debate that occurs whenever government restricts liberty in the name of social benefit. One of the places this debate takes place is in medical research. Our discussions about the ethics of research take place in the shadow of the Nazi medical atrocities in World War II. In this essay I explore the issue of clinical trials on human volunteers for whom there will be no anticipated benefit. The topic reveals how difficult it is to reconcile autonomy and protection of human volunteers.
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Please write an abstract with title: Random Sampling-and-Averaging Techniques for Single-Photon Arrival-Time Detections in Quantum Applications: Theoretical Analysis and Realization Methodology, and key words: Monte Carlo methods, Voltage measurement, Clocks, Reactive power, Linearity, Dynamic range, Photonics. Abstract: A random sampling-and-averaging (RSA) technique based on stochastic Monte Carlo methods is described in this paper for enhancing the accuracy of single-photon arrival-time measurements down to sub-picosecond ranges in emerging quantum applications. The theoretical variances of both synchronous and asynchronous RSA techniques are presented in the mathematical formats and experimentally verified by the Monte Carlo simulations. Meanwhile, the methodology of converting the mathematical models into an almost all-digital low-power integrated-circuit is elaborated by a circuit-level example with the instruction of setting circuit parameters. Along with the superior measurement resolution, scalable dynamic ranges, high linearity, high noise immunity, and low power/area consumption, the primary limitation of the RSA techniques has also been addressed for the forthcoming conversion-rate enhancement techniques.
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Please write an abstract with title: Integration of Waste Management Companies in Micro Grids Through Machine Learning, and key words: Waste management, Support vector machines, Rails, Renewable energy sources, Visualization, Companies, Machine learning. Abstract: Waste management companies are one of the major contributors in emission of greenhouse gases. In order to reduce this, we need to integrate renewable energy resources with these waste management companies. These waste management companies have a very high energy consumption processes involved in their operations. But most of these companies also rely on local power generation and hence making it a beneficial field to study micro grids. Our main aim through this research is to make sure that these waste management companies work with their best efficiency by processing the waste and to enable it dominance on micro grids without elimination user interference. This is done through a very unique machine learning approach. In this approach we first predict the amount of waste that can be brought to these companies with the help of ANN (artificial neural network). Then this waste is processed and optimized through Lagrangian Algorithm on the energy requirements that are dependent upon renewable energy. Also, this approach caters to user interference and preferences. This user preference is fed to the model with the help of user feedbacks and then processed through support vector machine. In order to include user feedback, we have used an active learning paradigm. This method is tested on a waste management company of district Warendorf. The results hence prove that the energy requirements can be managed and controlled in a micro grid with giving importance to user feedback.
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Please write an abstract with title: Raman Gas Analyzer of Carbon Isotopologues with 50 ppm Level Sensitivity, and key words: Methane, Spectroscopy, Sensitivity, Greenhouse effect, Volume measurement, Europe, Carbon dioxide. Abstract: Nowadays, the concentration of greenhouse gases such as methane (CH 4 ) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere greatly increased. For ecological purposes, it is relevant to discriminate different sources of CH 4 and CO 2 emissions (e.g., antropogenic ones) [1] – [3] . One approach to do this is to monitor the carbon isotope ratio, 13 C/ 12 C, in the greenhouse gases. It can be done, e.g., by Raman gas spectroscopy. In the present work, we describe the results on calibration of a Raman gas analyzer in terms of gas volume fraction measurements, as well as determine the limit of detection (LOD) for two methane isotopologues - 12 CH 4 and 13 CH 4 .
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Please write an abstract with title: A bayesian approach to array geometry design, and key words: Bayesian methods, Direction of arrival estimation, Sensor arrays, Information geometry, Planar arrays, Design optimization, Random variables, Probability distribution, Transmission line matrix methods, Closed-form solution. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the design of planar arrays that optimize direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance. We assume that the single-source DOA is a random variable with a known prior probability distribution, and the sensors of the array are constrained to lie in a region with an arbitrary boundary. The Crame/spl acute/r-Rao Bound (CRB) and the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) for single-source DOA constitute the basis of the optimality criteria. We relate the design criteria to a Bayesian CRB criterion and to array beamwidth; we also derive closed-form expressions for the design criteria when the DOA prior is uniform on a sector of angles. We show that optimal arrays have elements on the constraint boundary, thus providing a reduced dimension iterative solution procedure. Finally, we present example designs.
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Please write an abstract with title: Inversion of 2D planogram data for finite-length detectors, and key words: Detectors, Integral equations, Image reconstruction, Transmission line matrix methods, Positron emission tomography, Fourier transforms, Joining processes, Testing, Iterative methods, Radiology. Abstract: In this paper we investigate the problem of inverting data acquired from finite-length linear detectors in the 2D case. In our previous modeling of the forward problem we dealt with explicit formulas for the elements of system and Gram matrices involved in 2D and 3D algebraic reconstruction from planograms. In this paper we continue our efforts to model flat panel detectors, from the discrete algebraic approach with huge Gram matrices arising in practical 3D PET situations to more compact and fast representation in terms of integral operators. Integral equations for a single pair and for two pairs of linear detectors taking into account the finite length of the detectors are derived. As first applications of our theoretical results, fast filtered backprojection-like algorithms based on the Hilbert and Fourier transforms are proposed. Test numerical experiments are presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: Complex Permittivity Extraction of Planar Dielectrics Using a Noninvasive Microwave Transmission Line Resonant Technique, and key words: Microstrip resonators, Dielectric measurement, Permittivity. Abstract: This article presents a novel planar resonant method for complex permittivity measurement of planar dielectric substrates. Conventional planar dielectric sensors are composed of resonant structures, such as metamaterials, annular rings, and patch coupled to transmission lines to generate resonance. Here, we demonstrate a simple microstrip line resonator for complex permittivity measurement, and the generated resonant modes in the microstrip line are much like in 3-D conventional microwave cavities. The proposed prototype is distinguished from regular planar resonators due to the presence of a number of distinct electric and magnetic perturbable resonant modes and the absence of additional resonating structures in the design. The use of test samples in the commercially available thickness eliminates extensive sample preparation and possible air gaps or errors introduced due to the stacking of multiple dielectric layers. The microstrip line resonator fabricated on the FR4 substrate shows good agreement in measured permittivity and loss tangent values compared with the manufacturer’s datasheets. The proposed technique is a simple, fast, compact, and cost-effective measurement method for dielectric characterization, and it could be extended for other microwave transmission lines also.
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Please write an abstract with title: Implications of Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) for GSM security, and key words: GSM, Security, Testing, Access protocols, Legislation, Wireless LAN, Bluetooth, Software standards, Hardware, Operating systems. Abstract: Despite its imperfections, GSM security has stood well the test of time. In part, this security success has relied on closed platforms that prevent the end-user from tampering with the GSM protocol stacks. While it is possible to build phones that do not have such restrictions, this is difficult due to, e.g., legislation and technical complexity. Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) is a new technology that provides access to GSM services over Wireless LAN or Bluetooth. It also challenges the assumption of closed platforms, since it is relatively easy to implement a UMA phone purely in software running on standard PC hardware and operating systems. This paper examines the security implications of UMA for GSM security, focusing especially on the impact of open terminal platforms. We identify several areas where open platforms may increase risks to both honest users and network operators, and propose countermeasures for mitigating these risks.
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Please write an abstract with title: Identification and feature extraction of drainage pipeline cracks based on SVD and edge recognition method, and key words: Feature extraction, Pipelines, Image reconstruction, Image edge detection, Microsoft Windows, Image segmentation, Gray-scale. Abstract: In order to solve the limitations and accuracy of current closed circuit television system (CCTV) for underground drainage pipeline robots, this paper uses singular value decomposition (SVD) method to preprocess images, which can binarize images to separate cracks features. On this basis, the sliding window segmentation and edge recognition method are used to realize the automatic identification and feature extraction of the cracks in the drainage pipe. The experimental results show that the proposed crack defect identification and feature extraction method can effectively identify the pipeline crack defects and feature extraction, and this method improve the efficiency and reliability of CCTV video detection in drainage pipelines.
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptability of 9-Switch Inverter Configurations for Multiphase Induction Motors with Phase Reconfiguring Techniques, and key words: Space vector pulse width modulation, Legged locomotion, Induction motors, Windings, Two dimensional displays, Switches, Inverters. Abstract: The 9 switch inverter (9SI) configuration is capable to control the power for two independent 3-phase loads simultaneously. However, this 9SI has the limitation on modulation index (M.I) since each inverter leg is controlled with 2 reference waves and one carrier wave. This lower M.I result in higher magnitude requirement of DC-link voltage. In addition to this, the load gets 2 level voltage only. For addressing these issues, in this paper, the 9 switch inverter (9SI) configurations for multiphase (>3) Induction motor (MIM) drives is explored. The 9SI configurations with split winding will generate the 3-level voltage across the effective phase winding of 6-phase and 9-phase IM drives. The phase reconfiguring techniques for enhancing the modulation index of proposed 9SI based multilevel inverter (MLI) fed 6-phase as well as 9-phase machines is proposed, where the phase difference between two identical voltage profile coils (IVPC) excited with same Inverter leg is minimized. The possible phase reconfiguring concepts for both symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations of the 6-phase and 9-phase machines are presented. The generalized adaptability and analysis of the proposed 9SI configurations with phase reconfiguring techniques for a machine with any number of phases is presented. The carrier based space vector pulse width modulation is implemented for proposed 9SI based MLI configurations which enhances the M.I further by 15.4%. The 9SI based MLI fed symmetrical 9-phase IM drive is validated by using Ansys Maxwell 2D.
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Please write an abstract with title: A cost-based analysis of overlay routing geometries, and key words: Routing, Peer to peer computing, Network topology, Cost function, Nash equilibrium, Information geometry, Information management, Solid modeling, Collaboration, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a cost-based model to evaluate the resources that each node has to contribute for participating in an overlay network. Such a cost model allows to gauge potential disincentives for nodes to collaborate, and provides a measure of the "total cost" of a network, which is a possible benchmark to distinguish between different network architectures. We characterize the cost imposed on a node as a parameterized function of the experienced load and of the node connectivity, and express benefits in terms of cost reductions. We discuss the notions of social optimum and Nash equilibrium with respect to the proposed cost model. We show that the social optimum may significantly deviate from a Nash equilibrium when nodes value the resources they use to forward traffic on behalf of other nodes. Through analytical and numerical results, we then use the proposed cost model to evaluate some of the topologies recently proposed for overlay networks, and to exhibit some of the challenges systems designers may face. We conclude by outlining some of the open questions this research has raised.
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Please write an abstract with title: For sale, and key words: Steel, Power generation, Micromechanical devices, Meetings, Jacobian matrices. Abstract: A Foundation Member of the Institute has a complete set of the Transactions for sale, the first fifteen volumes of which are bound in half-calf. Condition as new. What offers?
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Please write an abstract with title: Online Power Management for Multi-Cores: A Reinforcement Learning Based Approach, and key words: Hardware, Optimization, Training, Runtime, Power system management, Power demand, Energy consumption. Abstract: Power and energy is the first-class design constraint for multi-core processors and is a limiting factor for future-generation supercomputers. While modern processor design provides a wide range of mechanisms for power and energy optimization, it remains unclear how software can make the best use of them. This article presents a novel approach for runtime power optimization on modern multi-core systems. Our policy combines power capping and uncore frequency scaling to match the hardware power profile to the dynamically changing program behavior at runtime. We achieve this by employing reinforcement learning (RL) to automatically explore the energy-performance optimization space from training programs, learning the subtle relationships between the hardware power profile, the program characteristics, power consumption and program running times. Our RL framework then uses the learned knowledge to adapt the chip's power budget and uncore frequency to match the changing program phases for any new, previously unseen program. We evaluate our approach on two computing clusters by applying our techniques to 11 parallel programs that were not seen by our RL framework at the training stage. Experimental results show that our approach can reduce the system-level energy consumption by 12 percent, on average, with less than 3 percent of slowdown on the application performance. By lowering the uncore frequency to leave more energy budget to allow the processor cores to run at a higher frequency, our approach can reduce the energy consumption by up to 17 percent while improving the application performance by 5 percent for specific workloads.
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Please write an abstract with title: Human-in-the-Loop XAI-enabled Vulnerability Detection, Investigation, and Mitigation, and key words: Analytical models, Human intelligence, Forensics, Computational modeling, Security, Artificial intelligence, Man-machine systems. Abstract: The need for cyber resilience is increasingly important in our technology-dependent society, where computing systems, devices and data will continue to be the target of cyber attackers. Hence, we propose a conceptual framework called ‘Human-in-the-Loop Explainable-AI-Enabled Vulnerability Detection, Investigation, and Mitigation’ (HXAI-VDIM). Specifically, instead of resolving complex scenario of security vulnerabilities as an output of an AI/ML model, we integrate the security analyst or forensic investigator into the man-machine loop and leverage explainable AI (XAI) to combine both AI and Intelligence Assistant (IA) to amplify human intelligence in both proactive and reactive processes. Our goal is that HXAI-VDIM integrates human and machine in an interactive and iterative loop with security visualization that utilizes human intelligence to guide the XAI-enabled system and generate refined solutions.
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Please write an abstract with title: Accuracy of Six Interpolation Methods Applied on Pupil Diameter Data, and key words: Interpolation, Visualization, Automation, Conferences, Estimation, Pupils, Robots. Abstract: Eye-tracking is a method of recording the location of gaze as well as pupil diameter (dilation) during active visual behavior. Due to blinking and noise in the recording system, these signals are often briefly “lost”, leading to missing data. Here, we aim to analyze the accuracy of six interpolation methods to complete missing values from pupil diameter data. Data interpolation is a type of estimation that constructs new data from existing, neighboring values. Having the possibility to choose from different types of methods, the question is which interpolation method is the most suitable for pupil diameter data. Here, we applied the linear method, the previous neighbors method and four cubic interpolations. Using real data recorded during a visual eye-tracking experiment, we compared the maximum deviations of each interpolation method. Results indicate that for pupil diameter data, the most accurate reconstruction of pupil loss is obtained by Akima, Makima, and the Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial.
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Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating the Influence of Momentary Cessation Mode in Inverter-Based Distributed Generators on Power System Transient Stability, and key words: Power system stability, Stability analysis, Generators, Transient analysis. Abstract: The responses of an inverter-based distributed generator (IBDG) to abnormal voltage and frequency are different from those of a conventional generator because of the inverter's operating modes. In particular, although the momentary cessation (MC) mode is essential as a control strategy in the distribution system, the MC mode can affect the power system transient stability by temporarily ceasing significant amounts of IBDG generation. To mitigate these negative effects, this study analyzed the impacts of MC capability on the power system transient stability. First, the transient stability was analyzed in relation to MC capability using the single-machine equivalent (SIME) method. A critical MC operating point (CMCOP) was then proposed to assess the severity of a transient impact and to secure the transient stability under the contingency conditions. A case study based on the Korean power system validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Please write an abstract with title: Symmetric Reed–Muller Codes, and key words: Decoding, Complexity theory, Encoding, Product codes, Error correction codes, Data communication, Memory. Abstract: In this paper, a variant of the Reed-Muller code, termed symmetric Reed-Muller (SRM) code, is proposed. We show that the bivariate version of SRM code forms the best-known locally-correctable codes in certain parameter regimes. Then, the minimum distance of SRM codes is provided in certain cases. Finally, the multivariate version of SRM codes is introduced.
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Please write an abstract with title: Robot Role Design for Implementing Social Facilitation Theory in Musical Instruments Practicing, and key words: Human computer interaction, Instruments, Computational modeling, Human-robot interaction, Music, Focusing, Cultural differences. Abstract: The application of social robots has recently been explored in various types of educational settings including music learning. Earlier research presented evidence that simply the presence of a robot can influence a person’s task performance, confirming social facilitation theory and findings in human-robot interaction. Confirming the evaluation apprehension theory, earlier studies showed that next to a person’s presence, also that person’s social role could influence a user’s performance: the presence of a (non-) evaluative other can influence the user’s motivation and performance differently. To be able to investigate that, researchers need the roles for the robot which is missing now. In the current research, we describe the design of two social roles (i.e., evaluative role and non-evaluative role) of a robot that can have different appearances. For this, we used the SocibotMini: A robot with a projected face, allowing diversity and great flexibility of human-like social cue presentation. An empirical study at a real practice room including 20 participants confirmed that users (i.e., children) evaluated the robot roles as intended. Thereby, the current research provided the robot roles allowing to study whether the presence of social robots in certain social roles can stimulate practicing behavior and suggestions of how such roles can be designed and improved. Future studies can investigate how the presence of a social robot in a certain social role can stimulate children to practice. CCS Concepts • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in HCI; HCI theory, concepts and models. ACM Reference Format: Heqiu Song, Zhiping Zhang, Emilia I. Barakova, Jaap Ham, Panos Markopoulos. 2020. Robot Role Design for Implementing Social Facilitation Theory in Musical Instruments Practicing. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI ’20), March 23– 26, 2020, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374787
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Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of Complex Modes at Finline Discontinuities, and key words: Finline, Transmission line discontinuities, Transmission line matrix methods, Testing, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic waveguides, Maxwell equations, Frequency, Transmission line measurements. Abstract: The effect of ignoring complex modes on the solution of finline discontinuity problems is investigated. It is shown that the modal energy distribution at both sides of the discontinuity may be greatly affected by overlooking complex modes, even if they are not strongly excited. lt is also shown that disregarding only one mode of a pair of complex modes, while taking the other into account, results in a contradiction to the principle of complex power continuity across the discontinuity plane. Comparison to measured data is also given to justify the validity of the numerical results.
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Please write an abstract with title: DEA-based data mining for energy consumption, and key words: Data mining, Energy consumption, Data envelopment analysis, Power generation economics, Environmental economics, Costs, Monitoring, Petroleum, Energy measurement, Recycling. Abstract: This paper discusses the potential of DEA (data envelopment analysis) for performance evaluation on energy consumption. The purpose is to develop evaluation methodology for finding features of energy provision and consumption from observed data. While there are four evaluation measures (economy, environment, comfort, and risk) in general, this paper focuses on economical and environmental aspects, and selects energy consumption, CO2 discharge and cost as inputs for the first step model. In order to consider the evaluation methodology based on four plants data, this paper has focused on hot-water supply as output. Then the numerical study illustrates the findings from data on energy supply patterns, seasonal effects, and so on.
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448 |
Please write an abstract with title: Tungsten-rich deposits at anode using carbon nanotube emitters, and key words: Anodes, Carbon nanotubes, Electron emission, Tungsten, Carbon dioxide, Mechanical factors, Tunneling, Voltage, Microscopy, Systems engineering and theory. Abstract: Electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) with two kinds of organometallic compounds including tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO)/sub 6/) and dimethyl-gold ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/(C/sub 5/H/sub 7/O/sub 2/)Au) as precursors is presented so as to obtain conductive nanostructures. Their resistivity and growth rate are measured, and the compositions of deposits are analyzed. To improve the resolution of the deposit and to reduce energy consumption, EBID with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as emitters is demonstrated. Factors influencing field emission characteristics of MWNT emitters are analyzed. In the deposit at anode by using W(CO)/sub 6/, mass of the tungsten reaches up to about 80% among the compositions.
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449 |
Please write an abstract with title: Digital and analog bows: Hybrid mechanical-electrical systems, and key words: Magnetic fields, Voltage, Optical amplifiers, Capacitive sensors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Light emitting diodes, Power amplifiers, Filtering, Vibrations, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: Motivated both by theoretical physical interest and by potential musical considerations, we have experimented with electronic systems which interact with an actual physical string in a way that duplicates the action of a bow. With appropriate adjustment of parameters, the string can be made to break into spontaneous Helmholtz motion. Results using both digital and analog systems are reported, and prospects for future work are discussed.
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450 |
Please write an abstract with title: Using Holt-Winters and IF-XGBoost model to detect the abnormal condition of PV system, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Gaussian noise, Time series analysis, Forestry, Data models, Robustness, Bayes methods. Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is one of the primary forms of electricity generation. This paper proposes the Holt-Winters(HW) and IF-XGBoost model based on Bayesian optimization to identify the abnormal condition of PV systems. HW is used to predict the expected output power, and multidimensional features are constructed using the predicted power and time series. The study construct the IF-XGBoost model with isolation forest(IF) and XGBoost, adopting the Bayesian optimization to optimize the hyperparameters in HW and IF-XGBoost. The proposed methods are validated by comparing the accuracy of different models. The result shows that the IF-XGBoost model is better than other models, whose F1-score is 0.981 on the test set. Furthermore, IF-XGBoost demonstrates better performance on the test set with the white Gaussian noise. This paper provides a scheme for early abnormal condition detection and early warning in large-scale PV systems.
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451 |
Please write an abstract with title: CHDN to model fuel cell generator and supercapacitors for electrical vehicle applications, and key words: Fuel cells, Supercapacitors, Electric vehicles, Fuel cell vehicles, Vehicle dynamics, Mathematical model, Power system modeling, Graphics, Hybrid electric vehicles, Software tools. Abstract: The component hybrid dynamic nets CHDN is a graphic model for hybrid dynamic systems. The CHDN allows an individual representation of every component in the hybrid system. On the base of this methodology a software tool dedicated to the electrical engineering simulation has been developed. So, the aim of this paper is to present a brief review of model's structure and to describe the developed software which has been called SimRDH. In order to show the abilities of our tool, a motorisation device, including the use of the fuel cell and supercapacitors has been studied. The obtained results are encouraging especially in the development of simulator of E.V. areas.
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452 |
Please write an abstract with title: Electrical performance simulation of inhomogeneous multilayer LTCC structure by hybrid method, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Integral equations, Millimeter wave technology, Space technology, Iterative methods, Electromagnetic modeling, Computational modeling, High performance computing. Abstract: A new hybrid finite-difference time-domain and mixed-potential integral equation method (hybrid FDTD-MPIE) is developed for the modeling of multilayer planar structures with locally inhomogeneous objects. By using equivalence principle, the original problem can be decomposed into external and internal problems. The FDTD method is applied to solve the internal problem, which contains the locally inhomogeneous dielectric objects. Conversely, the frequency domain MPIE method is employed to address the external problem of the global multilayered planar structure. The FDTD model and the MPIE model are coupled together by enforcing the continuity of tangential fields on the equivalent surface. Both the direct and iterative method is demonstrated in This work to solve the integral-differential problem. In addition, the DCIM method is applied to improve the computational efficiency. Numerical results are presented to validate the proposed hybrid FDTD-MPIE method.
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453 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Thermalized Bias Circuit for Wider Operating Temperature Range in Bolometric Infrared Imagers, and key words: Infrared sensors, Infrared imaging, Detectors, Bolometers. Abstract: This letter presents a device for biasing bolometric infrared imaging sensors to increase the operating temperature range and enhance performance. It addresses the market's need for uncooled readout circuits that are easier to use. Here, we propose an integrated biasing system capable of managing the bolometric sensor's high-temperature dependence. We demonstrated that a biasing architecture using thermalized bolometers can automatically offset resistance variations in the active bolometer due to temperature variations of the focal plane array (FPA). Our research concerns a 12-μm pixel pitch QVGA matrix that operates at 50-mK noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD).
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454 |
Please write an abstract with title: Basic design aspects of Gui-Guang HVDC power transmission system, and key words: HVDC transmission, Power transmission, Cooling, Thyristors, Power system interconnection, Valves, Filter bank, Rectifiers, Land surface temperature. Abstract: As part of South China interconnected AC/DC system the Gui-Guang HVDC system will transmit 3000 MW from Anshun station in Guizhou province in west-south China over 936 km to the Zhaoqing station in Guangdong province. Pole 1 of the /spl plusmn/500 kV DC transmission scheme is scheduled to operate at the end of 2004 whereas pole 2 is supposed to follow in 2005. Because of new lines in Guizhou province synchronising the Guizhou zone with the Yunan zone the new Gui-Guang HVDC scheme will operate parallel to the existing Tian-Guang HVDC scheme of 1800 MW. The paper deals with the performance criteria and design studies of the Gui-Guang HVDC transmission system. Furthermore it highlights major technical features and main components of the project including state of the art light triggered thyristors.
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455 |
Please write an abstract with title: Attention-Based Domain Adaptation Using Residual Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Computer architecture, Hyperspectral imaging, Training, Task analysis, Residual neural networks, Neural networks. Abstract: In remote sensing images, domain adaptation (DA) deals with the regions where labeling information is unknown. Typically, hand-driven features for learning a common distribution among known and unknown regions have been extensively exploited to perform the classification task in hyperspectral images with the aid of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. Under limited training samples and using hand-crafted features, the classification performance degrades significantly. To overcome the engineered feature extraction process, an automatic feature extraction scheme can be seen useful to generate more complex but useful features for classification. Deep-learning-based architectures have been found to be pivotal on this regard. Deep learning algorithms are effectively used in hyperspectral domain to solve the DA problem. However, attention-based activation mappings, which are very successful for distinguishing different classes of images via transferring relevant mappings from a deep-to-shallow network is not widely explored in DA domain. In this article, we have opted to use attention-based DA through transferring different levels of attentions by means of different types of activation mappings from a deep residual teacher network to a shallow residual student network. Our goal is to provide useful but more complex features to the shallow student network for improving the overall classification in case of DA task. It has been shown that for different kinds of activation mappings, the proposed attention-based transfer improves the performance of the shallow network for the DA problem. It also outperforms the state-of-the-art DA methods based on traditional machine learning and deep learning paradigms.
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456 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Visible Light Geometric Multilateration Based Positioning System to Localize Nodes in an UWSNs, and key words: Underwater Visible light communication, Localization, Multilateration. Abstract: While establishing up a wireless communication link between communicating nodes in a terrestrial scenario is straightforward, but doing so for underwater applications is actually quite difficult. As underwater communication has its own challenges that needs to be catered. After establishing successfully a communication link between nodes, comes the part of localization in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Due to severe multipath and the inability of line of sight to be satisfied, it is exceedingly challenging to simulate the signal propagation in the complex underwater environment. Here in this study a geometric multilateration strategy based on received signal strength indication (RSSI) will be presented to localize nodes in UWSNs, using visible light communication (VLC). Where both the communicating nodes, i.e. anchor Tx nodes and sensor Rx nodes are considered perpendicular to each other.
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457 |
Please write an abstract with title: Novel Metal Oxide Metasurface-based Optical Solar Reflectors, and key words: Temperature dependence, Stimulated emission, Optical device fabrication, Metasurfaces, Zinc oxide, Thermal management, Optical reflection. Abstract: Optical Solar Reflectors (OSRs) play a crucial role in thermal management of spacecraft as the outer-surface to the space environment. To achieve the thermal control, an ideal OSR should be able to reflect all the UV/Vis/NIR spectrum radiation to avoid heating up by the son and also emit blackbody radiation in infrared (IR) spectrum for thermal dissipation. Conventionally, OSRs are made of aluminium plated quartz tiles and therefore have serious issues for their heavy weight and fragile format, significantly adding the launch and assembly cost, respectively. Recently, we have proposed a meta-OSR solution based on thin film technology using Al-doped ZnO (AZO) [1] and the meta-OSRs can be fabricated on flexible substrates, making them light in weight and easy for surface mounting. In addition, we have also proposed a smart meta-OSR solution based on VO 2 , which has a tunable emissivity depending on the operational temperature [2] . In this work, we report a novel meta-OSR with a planar AZO metasurface unlike island-like metasurfaces formed by etch. The planar metasurface is fabricated through our patented plasma patterning technique [3] [4] , which can locally modulate carrier density in AZO.
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Please write an abstract with title: Feature and performance enhancements of dynamic optical networks, and key words: Optical fiber networks, Costs, Optical attenuators, Optical devices, Optical control, Monitoring, Investments, Protection, Optical variables control, Optical amplifiers. Abstract: Carrier requirements for flexible, programmable optical transport networks have pushed the development, of novel component technologies that offer a new level of flexibility in the optical layer enabling a richer set of service features while improving the efficiency, performance and robustness of the transport layer. We discuss these carrier requirements in the context of emerging components and sub-systems as well as the resultant performance improvements they offer the optical transport layer.
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459 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Bayesian belief network for assessing the likelihood of fault content, and key words: Bayesian methods, Software quality, Predictive models, System testing, Programming, Software reliability, Software testing, Fault detection, Electrical capacitance tomography, Information science. Abstract: To predict software quality, we must consider various factors because software development consists of various activities, which the software reliability growth model (SRGM) does not consider. In this paper, we propose a model to predict the final quality of a software product by using the Bayesian belief network (BBN) model. By using the BBN, we can construct a prediction model that focuses on the structure of the software development process explicitly representing complex relationships between metrics, and handling uncertain metrics, such as residual faults in the software products. In order to evaluate the constructed model, we perform an empirical experiment based on the metrics data collected from development projects in a certain company. As a result of the empirical evaluation, we confirm that the proposed model can predict the amount of residual faults that the SRGM cannot handle.
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460 |
Please write an abstract with title: Impact of 7.5-MeV proton irradiation on front-back gate coupling effect in ultra thin gate oxide FD-SOI n-MOSFETs, and key words: Protons, MOSFET circuits, FETs, Degradation, Geometry, Threshold voltage, Semiconductor films, Immune system, Ionization, Single event upset. Abstract: The degradation of deep submicron (0.1 /spl mu/m) fully depleted (FD)-silicon-on-insulator (SOI) n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) subjected to 7.5-MeV proton irradiation is reported. The radiation-induced damage is investigated by studying the static characteristics of devices with different geometries and bias conditions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the front-back gate coupling effect by changing the back-gate bias V/sub BG/. The change of the front and back channel parameters, the impact of the gate coupling effect and the gate-induced floating body effect are clarified. A correction procedure is proposed for the extraction of the front- and back-interface and oxide trap charge contribution to the threshold voltage shift by accounting for the front-back gate coupling.
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461 |
Please write an abstract with title: Single-Chip Adaptive Transversal Filter IC Employing Switched Capacitor Technology, and key words: Transversal filters, Decision feedback equalizers, Clocks, Harmonic distortion, MOSFET circuits, Switching circuits, Switched capacitor circuits, Analog circuits, Echo cancellers, Data communication. Abstract: Development of compact, high-speed, and low power adaptive transversal filters (ATF's) has been of great interest. Such ATF's have already been successfully fabricated in monolithic form employing a short channel MOSFET process and switched capacitor technique, using only complete analog circuit technology while eliminating inherent analog problems. This IC with five taps works with both ±5 V and 10 V supplies at a clock rate of more than 250 kHz. It has been designed for multipurpose applications such as a decision feedback equalizer (DFE), echo canceller (EC), and linear equalizer (LE), the last of which has already been reported [5]. The architecture to realize these applications will be described first. Much discussion is presented on the investigation of the operation, characteristics, and performance limitations of this IC in the DFE mode, from which those in the EC mode for two-wire full-duplex data transmission can be understood. For a single echo with magnitude of one half that of the original signal and delay time of one clock period from the original signal, and convergence factor of 0.2 for weight adaptation, the DFE operating at the clock rate of 100 kHz completes equalization within about 1.2 ms resulting in a residual rms distortion of -45.4 dB. The dominant performance limitation factors are found to be both the correlator harmonic distortion and transversal filter noise, but not the convolver harmonic distortion which is the dominant factor for the LE.
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462 |
Please write an abstract with title: Federated-Learning-based Hierarchical Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis, and key words: Training, Ultrasonic imaging, Federated learning, Hospitals, Liver, Elasticity, Gray-scale. Abstract: Hepatic fibrosis is an important prognostic factor as severe liver fibrosis may lead to liver cancer or even death. To grade liver fibrosis, ultrasound gray-scale images and ultrasound elastic images are commonly used in clinical diagnosis to judge the severity of liver fibrosis. However, these two diagnoses methods are often vulnerable to disturbances, such as personal experience or instrument differences. Moreover, these individual differences usually lead to conflicting stand-alone machine learning diagnosis models at each hospital whose medical data are not allowed to share in public due to data privacy. To handle the conflicts among diagnosis models, we propose a federated learning based hierarchical diagnosis method of liver fibrosis by utilizing shear wave elasticity pictures of multiple users across hospitals without sharing the original data. Our method is validated with authentic shear wave elasticity pictures of hepatic fibrosis patients in Shanghai, China. Experimental results show that our method is able to preprocess these shear wave elasticity pictures, train local diagnosis models at each hospital and securely consolidate into a shared global diagnosis model whose accuracy is over 70% with only a small dataset containing a few hundreds of labeled pictures. Our method is expected to further improve in its accuracy with more training samples. Our method would be the first practice based on federated learning in liver fibrosis diagnosis.
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463 |
Please write an abstract with title: Semantic Localization Considering Uncertainty of Object Recognition, and key words: Object recognition, Semantics, Three-dimensional displays, Mathematical model, Probabilistic logic, Uncertainty, Predictive models. Abstract: Semantics can be leveraged in ego-vehicle localization to improve robustness and accuracy because objects with the same labels can be correctly matched with each other. Object recognition has significantly improved owing to advances in machine learning algorithms. However, perfect object recognition is still challenging in real environments. Hence, the uncertainty of object recognition must be considered in localization. This letter proposes a novel localization method that integrates a supervised object recognition method, which predicts probabilistic distributions over object classes for individual sensor measurements, into the Bayesian network for localization. The proposed method uses the estimated probabilities and Dirichlet distribution to calculate the likelihood for estimating an ego-vehicle pose. Consequently, the uncertainty can be handled in localization. We present an implementation example of the proposed method using a particle filter and deep-neural-network-based point cloud semantic segmentation and evaluate it by simulation and the SemanticKITTI dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately generate likelihood distribution even when object recognition accuracy is degraded, and its estimation accuracy is the highest compared to that of two conventional methods.
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464 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Health Index Methodology of Integrated Energy System, and key words: Indexes, Handheld computers, Safety, Reliability, Power system protection, Knowledge engineering, Control systems. Abstract: The current research on health index for power grid in integrated energy system is mainly focused on single equipment components, which includes the high voltage equipment with high monomer value and a large number of low voltage power distribution equipment, rather than the power system network. Furthermore, those research includes qualitative evaluation and simple calculation model. This paper has carried out the research of distribution network health index theory and its application. The concept and research status of the health index of equipment were summarized. The definition, classification method and model of distribution network health index were proposed.
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465 |
Please write an abstract with title: Interactive rendering of translucent objects, and key words: Computer graphics, Lighting, Optical scattering, Light scattering, Particle scattering, Electrical capacitance tomography, Throughput, Biological materials, Optical reflection, Frequency. Abstract: This paper presents a rendering method for translucent objects, in which view point and illumination can be modified at interactive rates. In a preprocessing step the impulse response to incoming light impinging at each surface point is computed and stored in two different ways: The local effect on close-by surface points is modeled as a per-texel filter kernel that is applied to a texture map representing the incident illumination. The global response (i.e. light shining through the object) is stored as vertex-to-vertex throughput factors for the triangle mesh of the object. During rendering, the illumination map for the object is computed according to the current lighting situation and then filtered by the precomputed kernels. The illumination map is also used to derive the incident illumination on the vertices which is distributed via the vertex-to-vertex throughput factors to the other vertices. The final image is obtained by combining the local and global response. We demonstrate the performance of our method for several models.
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466 |
Please write an abstract with title: Real-time control of direction of energy propagation of electromagnetic waves with null temporal reflection via temporal metamaterials, and key words: Tensors, Beam steering, Electromagnetic scattering, Real-time systems, Metamaterials, Reflection, Permittivity. Abstract: We exploit two phenomena for temporal metamaterials where the permittivity is changed from an isotropic case to an anisotropic tensor. We will show how such temporal variation of permittivity can lead to: (1) real-time change in the direction of energy propagation, and (2) under certain condition, to the temporal analogue of Brewster angle. We provide full physical insights of this phenomenon demonstrating, numerically and analytically, how it can be exploited for real time beam steering of electromagnetic waves.
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467 |
Please write an abstract with title: An autonomous smart dental prosthesis for fast rehabilitation, and key words: Dentistry, Prosthetics, Application specific integrated circuits, Biological processes, Intelligent systems, Control systems, Bones, Feedback, Power supplies, Sensor systems and applications. Abstract: The continuous miniaturization of electronics and increasing knowledge of biological processes enable us to develop intelligent implantable systems to enhance the quality of life. One of such systems controls the passive stimulation of bone formation in a dental environment. By giving patient feedback in case of overload, one should be able to minimize rehabilitation period drastically. We developed an electronic dental prosthesis, incorporating an ASIC (application specific IC), power supply system and necessary sensors. The electronic components are incorporated into a custom designed dental framework. The system can communicate wirelessly with an external transceiver which enables a patient tailored approach. In situ calibration and threshold programming is performed before the dental prosthesis works as a completely autonomous device.
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468 |
Please write an abstract with title: Computer-Aided Testing of Mixers Between 90 and 350 GHz, and key words: Extraterrestrial measurements, Millimeter wave measurements, System testing, Millimeter wave technology, Noise measurement, Frequency measurement, Instruments, Radio astronomy, Schottky diodes, Software measurement. Abstract: Two computer-controlled measurement systems have been constructed to allow testing of millimeter-wave Schottky-barrier diode mixers in the frequency range from 90 to 350 GHz. A theoretical background to mixer measurement is presented and the design of the instruments and associated computer software is described. In a companion paper, a typical application of the measurement system to the testing and evacuation of a practical W-band, cryogenic, fixed-tuned Schottky diode mixer is used to demonstrate the performance and versatility of the instruments.
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469 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Regression Model-Based Approach to Identifying Determining Factors for GDP Growth in Bangladesh, and key words: Economic indicators, Linear regression, Measurement uncertainty, Gaussian processes, Predictive models, Multilayer perceptrons, Nonhomogeneous media. Abstract: GDP per capita is a key indicator for every country to measure the economic growth and standard of living. Recently, Bangladesh has gained a prospective rise in GDP per capita and it is, therefore, worth identifying influential factors associated with such an increase. This paper investigates various factors to find their significance towards this GDP growth and builds a prediction model to forecast the future. The significance analyses and model building processes are conducted on the World Bank data repository, based on the World Development Indicator (WDI)-2019. In this paper, we use multiple stepwise linear regression processes to build various models at first attempt, and their performances are measured using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Relative Absolute Error (RAE) under the shed of k-fold cross-validation technique. Later, we compare these results with other popular classifying techniques such as Gaussian Process, Decision Table, Random Tree, Multilayer Perceptron and Random Forest. Finally, the regression-based model yields significant performance with greater accuracy in forecasting the GDP per capita of Bangladesh and provides insight into the determinants for the potential increase.
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470 |
Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Epileptic Seizures: A Statistical Approach with DCT Compression, and key words: Electroencephalography, Probability density function, Discrete cosine transforms, Testing, Encoding, Transforms, Training. Abstract: Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal compression is an essential process to speed-up the medical signal transmission with reduced storage requirements, costs, and required bandwidth. The main objective of the present work is to compress the EEG signals and study the effect of the compression process on the epileptic seizure prediction. A lossy EEG data compression scheme using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied, followed by seizure prediction. The used dataset includes healthy, pre-ictal, and ictal signals with multiple channels. The EEG signals are segmented to segments of 10 sec length. Also, the probability density functions (PDFs) for seizure prediction are measured, including amplitude, derivative, local media, local variance, and local mean PDFs. During the testing phase, only the selected bins of PDFs are used in the prediction process to identify each signal segment as pre-ictal or normal. A method of equal benefit decision fusion is carried out in the final prediction stage leading to a single sequence of decisions representing the activities of all segments. Relative to a patient-specific estimation level, this series after being filtered with a moving average filter is compared.
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471 |
Please write an abstract with title: Performance-driven global placement via adaptive network characterization, and key words: Adaptive systems, Delay, Wire, Optimization methods, Circuit optimization, Flip-flops, Iterative methods, High performance computing, Performance gain, Logic. Abstract: Delay minimization continues to be an important objective in the design of high-performance computing system. We present an effective methodology to guide the delay optimization process of the mincut-based global placement via adaptive sequential network characterization. The contribution of this work is the development of a fully automated approach to determine critical parameters related to performance-driven multi-level partitioning-based global placement with retiming. We validate our approach by incorporating this adaptive method into a state-of-the-art global placer GEO. Our A-GEO, the adaptive version of GEO, achieves 67% maximum and 22% average delay improvement over GEO.
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472 |
Please write an abstract with title: Language modelling for Turkish as an agglutinative language, and key words: Natural languages, Speech recognition, Testing. Abstract: Two types of language models have been considered for Turkish continuous speech recognition. In one case, words are separated into their stems and the rest, and language models are calculated based on this new set of units. In the other case, words are considered as a whole, but language models are calculated with respect to the stems of the words. Studies are carried out for bigram and trigram formalisms.
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473 |
Please write an abstract with title: Scalable Visual Representation of Sensor-Based, Nested Robot Programs, and key words: Visualization, Conferences, Robot sensing systems, Robots, Robot programming. Abstract: An easy to understand graphical representation for nested robot programs is important to allow also non-experts, who are usually unable to read source code, to understand, what a robot program is meant to do. In this paper we present a Backus-Naur form for describing sensor-based nested robot programs with a corresponding visual representation of these robot programs in the form of control flow along a timeline. To achieve this, we utilize a scalable layered representation to visualize the components of the Backus-Naur form. In addition to that, we add temporal information to the visual representation, so that the users are able to see the execution time of different parts of the program and of the program as a whole. The result of this work are two equivalent, equally powerful representations of robot programs, namely the textual representation in form of the Backus-Naur form and the scalable layered visual representation. Both can be converted into each other without loss. The evaluation shows, that the visual representation is easy to understand for non-experts and therefore suitable to use within the context of intuitive robot programming.
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474 |
Please write an abstract with title: TLBO Optimised PIDD Controller for Coordinated Control in a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Heuristic algorithms, Microgrids, Robustness, Hybrid power systems, Wind turbines, Frequency control. Abstract: Due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), frequency regulation has become more challenging. In electrical power network, the load frequency control (LFC) mechanism is a very crucial function for keeping an equilibrium between the power generation and load to avoid frequency deviation (FD). The paper aims to implement an effective LFC scheme for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid (MG) system comprising of wind turbine generator (WTG) and battery energy storage system (BESS). Proportional integral double derivative (PIDD) controllers are used to implement the LFC scheme. The controller parameters are computed using a teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The responses acquired using PIDD controllers are compared with the responses obtained using Proportional integral (PI) and Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers. A critical analysis reveals that the PIDD controller shows better dynamic responses in terms of settling time and magnitude of oscillations compared to the PI and PID controllers. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed PIDD based LFC scheme is ascertained under different system loadings.
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475 |
Please write an abstract with title: High-throughput optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor array for monitoring single-cell secretion in real-time, and key words: Statistical analysis, Measurement by laser beam, Lasers and electrooptics, Real-time systems, Biosensors, Electrooptical waveguides, Monitoring. Abstract: We report a high-throughput biosensing microarray platform integrating ultrasensitive nanoplasmonic substrate and microwell compartments for label-free and real-time secretome monitoring. Interleukin-2 from hundreds of single EL4 cells were measured and a statistical analysis was done.
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476 |
Please write an abstract with title: Towards Automated Assessment Generation in e-Learning Systems Using Combinatorial Testing and Formal Concept Analysis, and key words: Combinatorial testing, Electronic learning, Testing, Ontologies, Formal concept analysis, Software systems, Arrays. Abstract: In this paper, we research the use of software combinatorial testing techniques and the Formal Concept Analysis method for preparing sets of questions for student assessment in e-learning systems. Utilizing these techniques and methods, we ensure that the selected questions optimally cover the course material and that each question combines multiple topics. Therefore, in this paper we introduce our method for preparing student assessments that performs automated combinatorial testing and selection of questions, as well as automated generation of appropriate sequences of questions. The input for our method is a set of questions labelled with attributes or features. This set of questions is pre-processed using the Formal Concept Analysis method, and then the combinatorial testing of question features is performed, which generates a concise list of test-cases covering all pairs or triples of question features. Correspondingly, our method helps in identifying and selecting a subset of questions that covers all generated test-cases. Afterwards, the Formal Concept Analysis method automatically generates suitable sequences of selected questions for formative student assessments in e-learning systems. In this paper we implemented the proposed combinatorial testing method, and also demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method on a use-case from an actual e-learning system.
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477 |
Please write an abstract with title: Consideration of an appropriate TTC by probabilistic approach, and key words: Safety, Uncertainty, Power systems, Probability density function. Abstract: Summary form only given. In a new competitive environment, it becomes possible for third parties to access transmission networks. Key information used to determine how much power can be transferred through the network is known as available transfer capability or ATC. Generally, ATC is calculated based on the severest case with some safety margin reserved for any uncertainty in the near future. However, without considering the probabilistic nature of the power system, it becomes a question whether ATC is reasonable in practice or not. This paper proposes a probabilistic approach to cope with this problem. By the probabilistic method, a characteristic of the transfer capability can be obtained through its probability density function. The objective of this research is to provide realistic information on the actual ability of the network that may be an alternative choice for system operators. The advantages of this proposed method are illustrated by an application to a modified IEEE 118-bus system
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478 |
Please write an abstract with title: On the Reduction of Hardware in Digital Modulators, and key words: Hardware, Digital modulation, Frequency, Adaptive equalizers, Sampling methods, Convergence, Adaptive arrays, Communication systems, Viterbi algorithm, Filters. Abstract: A Possible simplification of digital modulation (carrier multiplication with sine or cosine signal) is discussed. Using the fact that samples of a sine (or cosine) function are periodic under certain circumstances, a novel implementation is proposed. Depending on the ratio of sampling and carrier frequencies this implementation can lead to a reduction of cost in comparison with usual methods of implementation. The paper presents a systematic search for the cases where a certain amount of saving in hardware can be achieved.
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479 |
Please write an abstract with title: Centralized Analysis Algorithm of Multi-Dimensional Traditional Data for Smart New Computer Network Course Platform, and key words: Visualization, Correlation, Education, Clustering algorithms, Computer networks, Behavioral sciences, Data mining. Abstract: This paper proposes a visual analysis method of parallel coordinate axis arrangement based on clustering. Hierarchical clustering algorithm is used to perform cluster analysis on multi-dimensional attributes of statistical data, and information entropy is used to measure the correlation between attributes based on clustering. A frequent sequence mining algorithm and cluster analysis method for smart classroom teachers’ teaching mode are proposed., Through the analysis and verification of teaching video cases, it is found that the cluster of excellent teachers obtained by cluster analysis for a specific subject has a strong consistency with the excellent teachers in actual teaching.
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480 |
Please write an abstract with title: Position accuracy improvement of linear motor container transfer system using DR-FNNs, and key words: Containers, Automatic control, Control systems, Fuzzy neural networks, Fuzzy control, Automation, Vehicles, Load modeling, Friction, Forging. Abstract: We introduced a multi-step prediction control of linear motor-based container transport system for high precision using dynamically constructed recurrent fuzzy neural networks (DR-FNN). Linear motor-based container transport system (LMCTS) is the horizontal transfer system for yard automation, which is proposed to take the place of automated guided vehicle in the maritime container terminal. LMCTS is the system that can suddenly changed its model by loading and unloading container. The proposed control system is using two DR-FNN for multi-step prediction. Consequently, the system has the ability to adapt for a huge rolling friction, cogging force ripple, and sudden changes by loading and unloading.
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481 |
Please write an abstract with title: A heuristic approach to establishing punctuation convention in instant messaging, and key words: Natural languages, Writing, Pattern analysis, Computer networks, Customer relationship management, Business communication, Context, Electronic mail, Information systems, Speech. Abstract: Instant Messaging (IM) features informal writing styles such as the omission of punctuation. Punctuation plays an important role in representing prosody and facilitating syntactic processing during communication. The discrepancy between the recognized importance and actual inadequate usage of punctuation in IM calls for establishing punctuation convention for more effective online communication. The research uniquely reported here addressed two research questions. The first was whether punctuation had an impact on the effectiveness of IM. The results of an empirical study showed that the majority of surveyed participants perceived punctuation to be somewhat important. This led to the investigation of the second research question: how to restore omitted punctuation in instant messaging to help develop punctuation convention effectively? We designed and implemented a technical solution for recovering punctuation based on heuristics rules and an evaluation of this approach showed satisfactory performance. A detailed analysis of punctuation in archived instant messages revealed several patterns of omitted punctuation. The findings of this research not only advance our understanding of the stylistic convention, but also provide positive evidence for establishing punctuation convention in IM. As IM continues to pervade daily communication, punctuation convention in IM deserves closer attention.
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482 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Discrete ABC Algorithm-Based SLM Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems, and key words: Transmitters, Simulation, Peak to average power ratio, Aerospace electronics, Distortion, Artificial bee colony algorithm, Computational efficiency. Abstract: High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Selected mapping (SLM) scheme is an attractive one among various PAPR reduction solutions, because this scheme does not cause any signal distortion and is easy to realize. However, an exhaustive search is needed to find the optimal phase rotation sequence in conventional SLM scheme, which will cause unbearable complexity of transmitter. In this paper, we propose a discrete artificial bee colony algorithm based SLM (DisABC-SLM) scheme. Simulation results show that the DisABC-SLM scheme can get lower PAPR than the existing SLM schemes and has a low computational complexity.
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483 |
Please write an abstract with title: Test case generation based on time constraints, and key words: Testing, Computer aided software engineering, Time factors, Embedded software. Abstract: In real-time systems there are some messages exchanged within the system which must respect a certain delay, otherwise, the system cannot be considered correct. The test phase is essential in order to guarantee the correctness of these systems, and this phase cannot be correctly carried out unless all these factors are taken into account. This paper presents a test generation approach that looks at the use of time constraints and the messages exchange among the components for test purposes. In order to achieve our goal, we have adopted an efficient algorithm, called hit-or-jump, provided in a tool called Sirius, which supports the complete test generation phase.
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484 |
Please write an abstract with title: Combined Sidelobe Reduction and Omnidirectional Linearization of Phased Array by Using Tapered Power Amplifier Biasing and Digital Predistortion, and key words: Phased arrays, Array signal processing, Nonlinear distortion, Linear antenna arrays, Antenna measurements, Radio frequency, Predistortion. Abstract: Power amplifier (PA) efficiency and linearity are among the key drivers to reduce energy consumption while enabling high data rates in the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave phased array transmitters. Analog per-branch phase and amplitude control is used to steer the beam, suppress the sidelobes, and form zeros to the desired spatial directions. The amplitude control of individual PA inputs makes nonlinearity vary from antenna to antenna, which challenges the common digital predistortion (DPD) used to linearize the array. In this article, we implement an amplitude control for beamforming by tuning the PA gate bias. Varying the output powers via PA biasing makes the nonlinear characteristics observed at the individual PA outputs similar that helps the array DPD to linearize also individual PAs. The technique is validated by both simulations and measurements. As a measurement platform, we use a 28-GHz phased array transceiver equipped with 64 antenna elements and 16 radio frequency chains. The desired beam shape is synthesized by controlling the per-antenna over-the-air-power with PA gate bias. Then, the system is linearized by training DPD with a reference antenna. The DPD is demonstrated with 100-MHz-wide 5G new radio modulated waveform. The best example case showed −23.5-dB maximum sidelobe level (SLL) with 4.9% error vector magnitude and −40.8-dB total radiated adjacent channel power ratio with DPD. The proposed approach enables simultaneous reduction of beam pattern SLL, achieves good linearity in all directions, and maintains the PA efficiency.
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485 |
Please write an abstract with title: An Optimal Modulation for a Semi Dual-Bridge Resonant Converter with a SCC-based Tunable Tank, and key words: Industrial electronics, Capacitors, Modulation, Switching loss, Prototypes, Resonant converters, Switches. Abstract: To enhance the efficiency of a semi dual-bridge resonant converter(SDBRC), a control strategy to minimize the root mean square(RMS) current and eliminate the backflow power is proposed. An optimal operating point is precisely selected to reduce the conduction loss due to backflow power and high rms current. The converter is enabled to work with the optimal operating point in the whole load range by adjusting the switch-controlled capacitor (SCC) based tunable resonant tank continuously. Soft-switching of all switches can be maintained along the control route as well. A lab prototype converter designed at 300 W is tested to validate the SCC-based topology and proposed modulation scheme. The experimental result has demonstrated that the proposed topology and modulation scheme can improve the converter efficiency over the whole load range, especially in the light load condition.
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486 |
Please write an abstract with title: Multiscale Adaptive Convolution for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Convolution, Feature extraction, Kernel, Shape, Image segmentation, Adaptive systems, Robustness. Abstract: Convolutional neural network (CNN) is widely used in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification owing to their advantages of spatial-spectral features capture capability and learning depth features as well as their structural flexibility. Nevertheless, the shape of the convolution kernel is fixed, a limitation that leads to shape fixation when modeling different features in CNN, especially in the edge regions between classes. A multiscale adaptive convolution (MSAC) model is proposed in this article to overcome this shortcoming. Combining superpixels with the traditional convolutional kernels to form adaptive kernels automatically adjusts the receptive field, suppresses edge noise, and enhances feature learning for different classes. On the basis of adaptive convolution, adaptive convolution units (AConvUs) are constructed. The hierarchical residual structure is constructed by superimposing multiple AConvUs to learn the spatial spectral features of different receptive fields of the HSI, reduce the gradient disappearance and enhance the robustness. The proposed multiscale convolution adjusts the shape of the convolution kernel according to the spatial distribution of different superpixels in HSI. Finally, the MSAC classification framework is constructed by the decision fusion of multiscale adaptive convolution at different superpixel scales, which helps to extract the complementary information of the HSI. The MSAC method’s experimental performance on several HSI datasets, including Indian Pines, University of Pavia, Salinas and Gaofen-5, to verify the validity and practically.
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487 |
Please write an abstract with title: A new approach to calculate end leakage inductance of round machine's rotor damp winding, and key words: Inductance, Machine windings, Wire, Conductors, Copper, Magnetic flux, Synchronous machines, Power system simulation, Transient analysis, Testing. Abstract: A new approach to calculate end leakage inductance of new type damp copperplate is analyzed in this paper. Based on the basic inductance calculation formulas between two long direct wires, the leakage inductance of end copperplate is obtained by taking the end copperplate as a group of long direct wire. Using the calculated parameter, the simulation of a sudden short-circuit test of the machine was carried out. The simulation and test results agree quite well, showing that the formulas presented are correct.
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488 |
Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Task Offloading with Minority Game for Internet of Vehicles in Cloud-Edge Computing, and key words: Cloud computing, Games, Quality of service, Reinforcement learning, Space exploration, Task analysis, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: With the advent of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), drivers are now provided with diverse time-sensitive vehicular services that usually require a large scale of computation. As civilian vehicles are generally insufficient in computational resources, their service requests are offloaded to cloud data centers and edge computing devices (ECDs) with ample computational resources to enhance the quality of service (QoS). However, ECDs are often overloaded with excessive service requests. In addition, as the network conditions and service compositions are complicated and dynamic, the centralized control of ECDs is hard to achieve. To tackle these challenges, a dynamic task offloading method with minority game (MG) in cloud-edge computing, named DOM, is proposed in this paper. Technically, MG is an effective tool with a distributed mechanism which can minimize the dependency on centralized control in resource allocation. In the MG, reinforcement learning (RL) is applied to optimize the distributed decision-making of participants. Finally, with a real-world dataset of IoV services, the effectiveness and adaptability of DOM are evaluated.
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489 |
Please write an abstract with title: A priori knowledge in the inversion of linear kernel-driven BRDF models, and key words: Kernel, Optical scattering, Remote sensing, Geography, Bidirectional control, Land surface, MODIS, Solid modeling, Geographic Information Systems, Cities and towns. Abstract: A priori knowledge can come from field measurements of bidirectional reflectance factors for various surface cover types. How to express and use this kind of knowledge is very important currently. 73 sets of field observations are used to explore the possible expression of a priori knowledge in linear kernel-driven BRDF models in this paper.
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490 |
Please write an abstract with title: ViTOL: Vision Transformer for Weakly Supervised Object Localization, and key words: Location awareness, Measurement, Visualization, Shape, Semantics, Computer architecture, Transformers. Abstract: Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) aims at predicting object locations in an image using only image-level category labels. Common challenges that image classification models encounter when localizing objects are, (a) they tend to look at the most discriminative features in an image that confines the localization map to a very small region, (b) the localization maps are class agnostic, and the models highlight objects of multiple classes in the same image and, (c) the localization performance is affected by background noise. To alleviate the above challenges we introduce the following simple changes through our proposed method ViTOL. We leverage the vision-based transformer for self-attention and introduce a patch-based attention dropout layer (p-ADL) to increase the coverage of the localization map and a gradient attention rollout mechanism to generate class-dependent attention maps. We conduct extensive quantitative, qualitative and ablation experiments on the ImageNet-1K and CUB datasets. We achieve state-of-the-art MaxBoxAcc-V2 localization scores of 70.47% and 73.17% on the two datasets respectively. Code is available on https://github.com/Saurav-31/ViTOL.
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491 |
Please write an abstract with title: Microwave Signal Processing by Amplified Ferrimagnetic Echo, and key words: Signal processing, Ferrimagnetic materials, Pulse amplifiers, Delay effects, Frequency, Pulse modulation, Saturation magnetization, Iron, Laboratories, Microwave technology. Abstract: The recent discovery of amplified ferrimagnetic echoes (AFE) suggests that a number of microwave signal processing applications may be realized to advantage with this new technology. These include pulse amplification and delay, pulse compression, frequency multiplexing, and spectrum analysis. The results described below were obtained in YIG crystals at room temperature in the frequency range 8 - 12 GHz.
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492 |
Please write an abstract with title: Measuring the Driver's Driving Style, and key words: Training, Wheelchairs, Motorcycles, Virtual reality, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Automobiles, Vehicles. Abstract: The paper describes an alternative use of some smartphone sensors to determine the characteristics and driving style. Two applications have been designed and built. These applications enable the collection of data from the sensors of smartphones while driving and the evaluation of these measurements aimed at detecting the driver's driving style. The test measurements of various types of vehicle starting were performed and evaluated using the proposed applications. Finally, the way of using this solution after certain modifications for disabled people on wheelchairs is presented.
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493 |
Please write an abstract with title: A 5 V-only 64K dynamic RAM based on high S/N design, and key words: DRAM chips, Circuit noise, Dynamic voltage scaling, Read-write memory, Flip-flops, Random access memory, Signal design, Capacitance, Substrate hot electron injection, Power supplies. Abstract: A 5 V-only 64K dynamic RAM is designed and fabricated using double poly-Si technology based on the 3 /spl mu/m design rule. The design features of this dynamic RAM are described. In particular, memory cell and S/N (signal/noise) designs are focused of a dynamic RAM with an on-chip bias generator. The device fabricated provides a typical access time of 120 ns and a 170 mW operating power, with minimized sense noise of less than 50 mV.
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494 |
Please write an abstract with title: Deep-Learned Autonomous Landing Site Discovery for a Tiltrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle, and key words: Pipelines, Neural networks, Solar energy, Object detection, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Aircraft, Task analysis. Abstract: This paper addresses the need for autonomous Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) landing in unstructured environments. For aerial robotics to become truly ubiquitous, the requirement for operation over generic environments where a priori knowledge of landing site locations is unavailable has to be met. We propose the utilization of a Deep Learning-based classification framework deployed on aerial view image captured by the aerial robot, to perform the functionalities of object detection and classification below the aircraft, in order to autonomously characterize potential sites that are safe for landing. The proposed solution employs a small-sized companion computer equipped with a Neural Processing Unit, capable of handling both the high-level autonomy tasks, as well as executing the Neural Network pipeline onboard a MAV– class aircraft. We demonstrate the system’s effectiveness by deploying it onboard the MiniHawk-VTOL, a custom-developed hybrid flight envelope aerial robot with solar energy harvesting capabilities, designed to accommodate the aforementioned needs with the ultimate goal of enabling autonomous migratory missions (via anytime/anyplace land-to-recharge over unknown, unstructured environments).
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495 |
Please write an abstract with title: Research on Automatic Recognition of Casting Defects Based on Deep Learning, and key words: Casting, Feature extraction, Deep learning, Convolution, Inspection, Training, Object detection. Abstract: A method for recognition of casting defects based on improved You Only Look Once (YOLO v3) is proposed to address the problems of slow detection speed, low detection efficiency, and poor robustness suffered from the current inspecting manually methods, which can improve the ability to detect defects, especially for tiny defects. Firstly, for obtained the industrial digital radiography images (DR images), we introduce the guide filtering technique to enhance the defects in these DR images, thus obtaining standard defect samples; Further, the defect samples are annotated to generate the defect detection data set for network training. In this article, the improved YOLOv3 network model structure is used to detect defects. Comparative experiments illustrate the proposed defect detection model for castings achieves better performance. Concretely, the experimental results show that the improved network model (YOLOv3_134) converges faster than the YOLOv3 network model and has better convergence than the YOLOv3 model. And the mean average precision (mAP) of the YOLOv3_134 is 26.1% higher than that of the original YOLOv3, which makes the YOLOv3_134 model-based casting defect detection method meet the industrial production requirements in terms of accuracy and speed.
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496 |
Please write an abstract with title: Linear Fractional Transformation Modeling of Multibody Dynamics Around Parameter-Dependent Equilibrium, and key words: Mathematical models, Robust control, Kinematics, Gravity, Torque, Analytical models, Software. Abstract: This brief proposes a new linear fractional transformation (LFT) modeling approach for uncertain linear parameter-varying (LPV) multibody systems with parameter-dependent equilibrium. Traditional multibody approaches, which consist of building the nonlinear model of the whole structure and linearizing it around equilibrium after a numerical trimming, do not allow to isolate parametric variations with the LFT form. Although additional techniques, such as polynomial fitting or symbolic linearization, can provide an LFT model, they may be time-consuming or miss worst case configurations. The proposed approach relies on the trimming and linearization of the equations at the substructure level, before assembly of the multibody structure, which allows to only perform operations that preserve the LFT form throughout the linearization process. Since the physical origin of the parameters is retained, the linearized LFT-LPV model of the structure exactly covers all the plants, in a single parametric model, without introducing conservatism or fitting errors. An application to the LFT-LPV modeling of a robotic arm is proposed; in its nominal configuration, the model obtained with the proposed approach matches the model provided by the software Simscape Multibody, but it is enhanced with parametric variations with the LFT form; a robust LPV synthesis is performed using MATLAB robust control toolbox to illustrate the capacity of the proposed approach for control design.
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497 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Q-learning strategy for federation of 5G services, and key words: Computer architecture, Industries, 5G mobile communication, Heuristic algorithms, Optimization, Machine learning, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: 5G networks aim to provide orchestration of services across multiple administrative domains through the concept of federation. In this paper, we are exploring the federation feature of a platform for 5G transport network of vertical services. Then we formulate the decision problem that directly impacts the revenue of 5G administrative domains, and we propose as solution a Q-learning algorithm. The simulation results show near optimum profit maximization and a well-trained Q-learning algorithm can outperform the intuitive “greedy” approach in a realistic scenario.
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498 |
Please write an abstract with title: Immediate Vehicle Movement Estimation and 3D Reconstruction for Mono Cameras by Utilizing Epipolar Geometry and Direction Prior, and key words: Cameras, Image reconstruction, Estimation, Three-dimensional displays, Trajectory, MONOS devices, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: Motion estimation of surrounding objects is indispensable to any mobile machinery. The paper proposes a method to solve the estimation and reconstruction problem of dynamic objects with a mono camera. Using the relative camera motion and detected rigidly moving objects on the image, we estimate their movement up to a scale factor. Utilization priors about their moving direction are used to estimate the transformation, which maps the 3D object from the previous frame to the actual one. Our two-frame method works twice the speed or more as other methods using three frames or more for the estimation, and we do this without any constraints. We evaluate our method on various traffic scenarios of different autonomous driving datasets.
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499 |
Please write an abstract with title: Security and privacy issues of blockchain technology, and key words: Blockchain, security, privacy, information technology, application, security threats. Abstract: Blockchain technology is currently one of the most popular topics in the field of information technology. Blockchain is often associated with cryptocurrency or electronic cash, but it can also be extended to any interconnected information blocks. Now blockchain finds application in areas such as financial transactions, user identification, or the creation of cybersecurity technologies. So, in this framework we shall talk about that despite the fact that blockchain technology is reliable and supportive, the security issues and challenges of this technology cannot be left out especially when it comes to building personal privacy protection.
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