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52716494
|
10.1016/j.mcm.2007.11.010
|
International audienceThis paper deals with the regulation of greenhouse gases emissions related to climate change. We consider a stylized climate-economy sequential model and use a cost-effectiveness approach. The analytical study is based on a dynamic programming method. It provides both a tolerable ceiling of concentration and, under simple conditions involving the marginal abatement cost and emission functions, optimal and effective abatement rates. In particular, we prove how the cost effective abatement rate increases with time. Through the optimal time to act function, we examine in detail the role played by greenhouse gases absorption, growth and discount rates. We also analyze the paths from an intergenerational equity perspective. Numerical examples illustrate the general statements. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
|
Optimal timing of CO2 mitigation policies for a cost-effectiveness model
|
optimal timing of co2 mitigation policies for a cost-effectiveness model
|
audiencethis deals greenhouse gases change. stylized economy sequential effectiveness approach. programming method. tolerable ceiling involving marginal abatement abatement rates. abatement time. examine played greenhouse gases discount rates. analyze paths intergenerational equity perspective. illustrate statements. ltd. rights reserved
|
exact_dup
|
[
"48322041",
"52626467",
"52897768"
] |
52720532
|
10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.023
|
International audienceThe volcanic story of Mount Manengouba is related to four chronological stages: (1) forming of the early Manengouba shield volcano between 1.55 and 0.94 Ma, (2) building of the Eboga strato-cone between 0.94 and 0.89 Ma, (3) caldera collapse and silicic extrusions of the Elengoum Complex between 0.89 and 0.70 Ma, and (4) intra-caldera and flank activity between 0.45 and 0.11 Ma. The volume of the volcano is calculated at 320 km3 ± 5%. The volcanic rocks are attributed to two magmatic outputs. The first and main magma generation produced the shield volcano, the strato-cone, and the syn- to post-caldera extrusions, displaying a complete series from basanites to trachytes (magmatic Group 1). The second magma generation is limited to the late and flank activity evolving from basanites to trachy-phonolite (magmatic Group 2). Both magmatic groups belong to the under-saturated alkaline sodic series. Petrological calculations locate the magmatic reservoir between 37 and 39 km in the upper mantle for the Group 1 lavas, and between 42 and 44 km for the Group 2 lavas. Trachytes were generated in a secondary crustal reservoir. Magmatic series evolve with medium to low pressure fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene, oxides, feldspar, and apatite. Significant crustal assimilation is evidenced in trachytes. The magma of Group 1 was generated with 3-6% of partial melting of a moderately enriched source containing 3-7% of garnet. Melting took place in the spinel to garnet transition zone located at 70-90 km and around 25 kb. The magma of Group 2 resulted from a slightly higher partial melting from a less garnet-rich source that indicates uprising of the melting column in the upper part of transition zone. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data of the Manengouba rocks and neighboring lavas are analyzed and compared with those of the mafic lavas of the CVL. Three source components are distinguished: a depleted component originated from the asthenospheric swell, a radiogenic component linked to the contaminated lithosphere of the Neoproterozoic mobile belt, and an enriched component or the lithosphere possibly related to pre-rifting magmatic processes
|
The Mount Manengouba, a complex volcano of the Cameroon Line: Volcanic history, petrological and geochemical features
|
the mount manengouba, a complex volcano of the cameroon line: volcanic history, petrological and geochemical features
|
audiencethe volcanic story mount manengouba chronological forming manengouba shield volcano eboga strato cone caldera collapse silicic extrusions elengoum intra caldera flank volcano volcanic rocks attributed magmatic outputs. magma shield volcano strato cone caldera extrusions displaying basanites trachytes magmatic magma flank evolving basanites trachy phonolite magmatic magmatic belong saturated alkaline sodic series. petrological locate magmatic reservoir mantle lavas lavas. trachytes crustal reservoir. magmatic evolve fractional crystallization olivine pyroxene oxides feldspar apatite. crustal assimilation evidenced trachytes. magma melting moderately enriched garnet. melting took spinel garnet magma resulted melting garnet uprising melting zone. isotope manengouba rocks neighboring lavas mafic lavas cvl. distinguished depleted originated asthenospheric swell radiogenic contaminated lithosphere neoproterozoic mobile belt enriched lithosphere possibly rifting magmatic
|
exact_dup
|
[
"48188055",
"52843269"
] |
52733994
|
10.1002/asl.303
|
International audienceIn the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) programme, several tools have been developed in order to facilitate and speed up data and information exchange between researchers from different disciplines. The AMMA information system includes a multidisciplinary user-friendly distributed data management and distribution system, a reports and quick looks archive associated with a display website and scientific papers exchange systems. All the applications have been developed by several French institutions and fully duplicated in Niamey, Niger
|
AMMA information system: an efficient cross-disciplinary tool and a legacy for forthcoming projects
|
amma information system: an efficient cross-disciplinary tool and a legacy for forthcoming projects
|
audiencein african monsoon multidisciplinary amma programme facilitate researchers disciplines. amma multidisciplinary friendly quick looks archive display website papers systems. french institutions duplicated niamey niger
|
exact_dup
|
[
"48347957",
"52691111",
"52905841"
] |
52747426
|
10.1016/j.catena.2008.12.013
|
International audienceMicrobiotic soil crusts are common features of the surface of fallow land in Western Niger. We investigated the interaction between these microbial covers and the porosity and water dynamics of soils at the surface of a Sahelian landscape. The soil pore system was examined by microscopic observations and mercury porosimetry. The soil water retention capacity was measured using a Richard pressure membrane apparatus. Runoff measurements were performed in situ at a one m2 scale under natural rainfall. Samples with dense cyanobacterial cover had microbially-originated pores ranging from 0.04 and 50 μm in size. These samples also showed higher total soil porosity and retained two to four times more water than samples with thin microbial cover. These properties are closely related to the hydrophobic nature of cyanobacterial components. Final runoff values obtained on densely covered surfaces were significantly higher compared to those measured on surfaces with thin microbial cover due to the geometry of the microbially-originated pore system and its functioning
|
Microbiotic soil crusts in the Sahel of Western Niger and their influence on Soil POROSITY and water dynamics
|
microbiotic soil crusts in the sahel of western niger and their influence on soil porosity and water dynamics
|
audiencemicrobiotic crusts fallow niger. microbial covers porosity soils sahelian landscape. pore microscopic mercury porosimetry. retention richard apparatus. runoff situ rainfall. dense cyanobacterial cover microbially originated pores ranging size. porosity retained microbial cover. closely hydrophobic cyanobacterial components. runoff densely covered microbial cover microbially originated pore functioning
|
exact_dup
|
[
"54026594"
] |
52766924
|
10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00141-2
|
The aim of this paper is to propose an initial estimation of the annual organic matter yield induced by chemical weathering of carbonates and shales, considering their global surface at outcrop and their organic matter content. The calculation also uses data on river fluxes resulting from carbonate rocks and shales weathering in major world watersheds, published by numerous authors. The results obtained from the studied watersheds have then been extrapolated to a global scale. Despite rather large uncertainty to such an approach, the calculated value of ca. 0.1 Gt implies that the annual organic carbon yield related to carbonates and shales chemical weathering might be a non-negligible component of the global carbon cycle. The individual contributions of different watersheds necessarily depend on the organic matter content of altered rocks. They are also obviously controlled by climatic parameters. The calculated yields do not constitute a direct supply to soils and rivers because of mineralisation when organic carbon is brought in contact with the atmosphere. Even so, the release of fossil organic matter would have implications for the global carbon cycle through the efficiency of the global chemical weathering as a carbon sink. Whatever the chosen hypothesis, the results of this study suggest that the recycled organic yield is a neglected component in the global organic carbon cycle assessment. Because it exists and, in addition, because it might represent a non-negligible carbon pool, fossil organic carbon deserves to be taken into account for a better evaluation of the organic stocks in soils and rivers presently only based on climatic data and current vegetal production
|
Estimation of the annual organic carbon yield related to carbonated rocks chemical weathering : implications for the global organic carbon cycle understanding.
|
estimation of the annual organic carbon yield related to carbonated rocks chemical weathering : implications for the global organic carbon cycle understanding.
|
propose weathering carbonates shales outcrop content. river fluxes carbonate rocks shales weathering watersheds numerous authors. watersheds extrapolated scale. carbonates shales weathering negligible cycle. watersheds necessarily altered rocks. obviously climatic parameters. constitute supply soils rivers mineralisation brought atmosphere. fossil weathering sink. whatever recycled neglected assessment. negligible pool fossil deserves stocks soils rivers presently climatic vegetal
|
exact_dup
|
[
"54027580"
] |
52775751
|
10.1063/1.4922241
|
International audienceTurbulence modulation by inertial-range-size, neutrally-buoyant particles is investigated experimentally in a von Kármán flow. Increasing the particle volume fraction Φ v , maintaining constant impellers Reynolds number attenuates the fluid turbulence. The inertial-range energy transfer rate decreases as ∝ Φ 2/3 v , suggesting that only particles located on a surface affect the flow. Small-scale turbulent properties, such as structure functions or acceleration distribution, are unchanged. Finally , measurements hint at the existence of a transition between two different regimes occurring when the average distance between large particles is of the order of the thickness of their boundary layers. Introducing impurities in a developed turbulent flow has drastic effects on the mechanisms of energy transfer and dissipation. A minute amount of polymer additives causes for instance drag reduction. 1 In such visco-elastic fluids, the coupling between the local flow and the polymers stretching can be modeled in order to quantify the exchanges between kinetic and elastic energies and to interpret turbulent drag reduction as a suppression of large velocity gradients. 2 The mechanisms at play in turbulent suspensions of finite-size spherical particles are much more intricate and turbulence can either be enhanced or suppressed
|
Turbulence attenuation by large neutrally buoyant particles
|
turbulence attenuation by large neutrally buoyant particles
|
audienceturbulence modulation inertial neutrally buoyant experimentally kármán flow. maintaining impellers reynolds attenuates turbulence. inertial flow. turbulent acceleration unchanged. hint regimes occurring layers. introducing impurities turbulent drastic dissipation. minute polymer additives drag reduction. visco elastic fluids polymers stretching modeled quantify exchanges elastic interpret turbulent drag suppression gradients. turbulent suspensions spherical intricate turbulence suppressed
|
exact_dup
|
[
"51939585"
] |
52785336
|
10.1007/s10344-010-0421-x
|
International audienceBy combining biotin-enrichment protocol and next generation pyrosequencing, through 454 GS-FLX Titanium technology, 55 polymorphic microsatellites loci with perfect motif were isolated from the Rhone streber (), a critically endangered European fish species. Eight multiplex PCR kits were optimised in order to genotype a total of 58 polymorphic loci, including three previously published loci. The level of genetic diversity was assessed for 68 , 30 , 33 and four individuals. Amplification success was also assessed on and using single individuals. These markers will be useful to investigate the population structure of the highly fragmented Rhone streber. They represent a powerful tool for conservation issues and evolutionary approaches of this endemic species. Moreover, part of our markers demonstrated applicability to other percid species, allowing for potential applications to fisheries and aquaculture management
|
Development of 55 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the critically endangered L. (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Percidae) and cross-species amplification in five other percids
|
development of 55 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the critically endangered l. (actinopterygii: perciformes: percidae) and cross-species amplification in five other percids
|
audienceby combining biotin enrichment pyrosequencing titanium polymorphic microsatellites loci perfect motif rhone streber critically endangered fish species. eight multiplex kits optimised genotype polymorphic loci loci. diversity individuals. amplification success individuals. markers fragmented rhone streber. powerful conservation evolutionary endemic species. markers applicability percid allowing fisheries aquaculture
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52450484",
"52630710"
] |
52786526
|
10.1007/978-3-540-70561-1
|
International audienceSynchronous languages rely on formal methods to ease the development of applications in an efficient and reusable way. Formal methods have been advocated as a means of increasing the reliability of systems, especially those which are safety or business critical. It is still difficult to develop automatic specification and verification tools due to limitations like state explosion, undecidability, etc... In this work, we design a new specification model based on a reactive synchronous approach. Then, we benefit from a formal framework well suited to perform compilation and formal validation of systems. In practice, we design and implement a special purpose language (LE) and its two semantics the behavioural semantics helps us to define a program by the set of its behaviours and avoid ambiguousness in programs' interpretation; the execution equational semantics allows the modular compilation of programs into software and hardware targets (C code, Vhdl code, Fpga , synthesis, Verification tools). Our approach is pertinent considering the two main requirements of critical realistic applications: the modular compilation allows us to deal with large systems, the model-driven approach provides us with formal validation
|
Modular Compilation of a Synchronous Language
|
modular compilation of a synchronous language
|
audiencesynchronous languages rely formal ease reusable way. formal advocated reliability critical. automatic specification verification limitations explosion undecidability etc... specification reactive synchronous approach. benefit formal suited compilation formal validation systems. implement semantics behavioural semantics helps behaviours avoid ambiguousness programs execution equational semantics modular compilation programs hardware targets vhdl fpga verification pertinent realistic modular compilation deal formal validation
|
exact_dup
|
[
"51232227"
] |
52792914
|
10.1007/978-1-4020-9190-2_57
|
8 pages. To be published in the proceedings of the ESO workshop "Science with the VLT in the ELT Era", held in Garching (Germany) on 8-12 October 2007, A. Moorwood editor.Nowadays, compact sources relatively warm like surfaces of nearby stars, circumstellar environments of stars from early stages to the most evolved ones and surroundings of active galactic nuclei can be investigated at milli-arcsecond scales only with the VLT in its interferometric mode. We propose a spectro-imager, named VSI (VLTI spectro-imager), which is capable to probe these sources both over spatial and spectral scales in the near-infrared domain. This instrument will provide information complementary to what is obtained at the same time with ALMA at different wavelengths and the extreme large telescopes
|
Milli-arcsecond Astrophysics with VSI, the VLTI Spectro-imager in the ELT Era
|
milli-arcsecond astrophysics with vsi, the vlti spectro-imager in the elt era
|
pages. workshop held garching october moorwood wadays warm nearby circumstellar environments evolved surroundings galactic nuclei milli arcsecond interferometric mode. propose spectro imager named vlti spectro imager capable infrared domain. instrument complementary alma wavelengths extreme telescopes
|
exact_dup
|
[
"46775595",
"52328045",
"52701181",
"52760214"
] |
52797514
|
10.1007/978-3-642-15234-4_6
|
International audienceThe ongoing OMG standard on the "Semantics of a Foundational Subset for Executable UML Models" identifies a subset of UML (called fUML, for Foundational UML), for which it defines a general-purpose execution model. This execution model therefore captures an executable semantics for fUML, providing an unambiguous basis for various kinds of model-based exploitations (model transformation, code generation, analysis, simulation, debugging etc.). This kind of facility is of great interest for the domain of real time systems, where analysis of system behavior is very sensible. One may therefore wonder if the general-purpose execution model of fUML can be used to reflect execution semantics concerns of real-time systems (e.g., concurrency, synchronization, and scheduling.). It would practically mean that it is possible to leverage on this precise semantic foundation (and all the work that its definition implied) to capture the precise execution semantics of real-time systems. In this paper, we show that this approach is not directly feasible, because of the way concurrency and asynchronous communications are actually handled in the fUML execution model. However, we show that introducing support for these aspects is technically feasible and reasonable in terms of effort and we propose lightweight modifications of the Execution model to illustrate our purpose
|
Extending the Standard Execution Model of UML for Real-Time Systems
|
extending the standard execution model of uml for real-time systems
|
audiencethe ongoing semantics foundational executable identifies fuml foundational defines execution model. execution captures executable semantics fuml unambiguous kinds exploitations debugging etc. kind facility great sensible. wonder execution fuml reflect execution semantics concerns e.g. concurrency synchronization scheduling. practically leverage precise semantic foundation implied capture precise execution semantics systems. feasible concurrency asynchronous communications handled fuml execution model. introducing technically feasible reasonable effort propose lightweight modifications execution illustrate
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52680082"
] |
52840888
|
10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.05.001
|
International audienceThe interpretation of high-resolution 2D marine seismic profiles together with the analysis of sea-bottom cores allowed a stratigraphic and structural framework of the Provence continental shelf to be proposed. The integration of onshore and offshore stratigraphy, structure and geomorphology provided new insights into Messinian paleotopography and paleohydrography. A geological map of the offshore Provence continental shelf, isobath map of the base Plio-Quaternary surface are presented for the first time in this area. The base Plio-Quaternary surface is a polyphased unconformity that is composed of deep canyons developed by fluvial erosion during the Messinian event, and wave-cut surfaces formed during post-Messinian transgressions. The study evidenced a deep, E-W-trending canyon (Bandol canyon) connected to the head of the Cassidaigne canyon, and filled with up to 600 m-thick Plio-Quaternary deposits. The development of canyons on the Provence margin during the Messinian event was dominantly controlled by the lithology and structure of pre-Messinian formations. A map of the Messinian paleo-drainage network is proposed to explain the presence of deep canyons in the Eastern area and the lack of incision in the Western area. An underground karst drainage scheme is proposed, linked with the current submarine Port-Miou spring
|
Discovery of Messinian canyons and new seismic stratigraphic model, offshore Provence (SE France): Implications for the hydrographic network reconstruction
|
discovery of messinian canyons and new seismic stratigraphic model, offshore provence (se france): implications for the hydrographic network reconstruction
|
audiencethe marine seismic cores stratigraphic provence continental shelf proposed. onshore offshore stratigraphy geomorphology insights messinian paleotopography paleohydrography. geological offshore provence continental shelf isobath plio quaternary area. plio quaternary polyphased unconformity composed canyons fluvial erosion messinian messinian transgressions. evidenced trending canyon bandol canyon cassidaigne canyon filled thick plio quaternary deposits. canyons provence margin messinian dominantly lithology messinian formations. messinian paleo drainage canyons eastern incision area. underground karst drainage submarine port miou spring
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52434659",
"52717427",
"52777008"
] |
52842984
|
10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.07.005
|
International audienceThe present paper deals with the superelastic behavior of both isotropic and anisotropic shape memory alloys (SMA). Recently, a macroscopic model, which permits to simulate the superelasticity of SMA under complex multi-axial loading, has been proposed by Bouvet et al. [Bouvet, C., Calloch, S., Lexcellent, C., 2004. A phenomenological model for pseudoelasticity of shape memory alloys under multi-axial proportional and non-proportional loadings. Eur. J. Mech. A Solids 23, 37-61]. In this model, a conjecture concerning the proportionality of the equivalent transformation strain with the martensite volume fraction has been adopted. The main goal of this study is to show the validity of this conjecture when the stress state is multi-axial. In a first part, the case of isotropic SMA is considered. An equivalent stress and an equivalent transformation strain are introduced. In the second section, the case of anisotropic SMA is considered. The previous equivalent stress and equivalent transformation strain are generalized to take into account the anisotropy of the material. The relation between the equivalent transformation strain and the martensite volume fraction is discussed by using, on one hand, experimental results under proportional tension-torsion loadings and, on the other hand, a polycrystalline model
|
Equivalent transformation strain and its relation with martensite volume fraction for isotropic and anisotropic shape memory alloys.
|
equivalent transformation strain and its relation with martensite volume fraction for isotropic and anisotropic shape memory alloys.
|
audiencethe deals superelastic isotropic anisotropic alloys macroscopic permits simulate superelasticity axial loading bouvet bouvet calloch lexcellent phenomenological pseudoelasticity alloys axial loadings. eur. mech. solids conjecture concerning proportionality martensite adopted. goal validity conjecture axial. isotropic considered. introduced. anisotropic considered. anisotropy material. martensite tension torsion loadings polycrystalline
|
exact_dup
|
[
"54033696"
] |
52847843
|
10.1051/proc/201238009
|
International audienceIn this paper we give an introduction to the Boltzmann equation for neutrino transport used in core collapse supernova models as well as a detailed mathematical description of the \emph{Isotropic Diffusion Source Approximation} (IDSA). Furthermore, we present a numerical treatment of a reduced Boltzmann model problem based on time splitting and finite volumes and revise the discretization of the IDSA for this problem. Discretization error studies carried out on the reduced Boltzmann model problem and on the IDSA show that the errors are of order one in both cases. By a numerical example, a detailed comparison of the reduced model and the IDSA is carried out and interpreted. For this example the IDSA modeling error with respect to the reduced Boltzmann model is numerically determined and localized
|
A Mathematical Description of the IDSA for Supernova Neutrino transport, its discretization and a comparison with a finite volume scheme for Boltzmann's Equation
|
a mathematical description of the idsa for supernova neutrino transport, its discretization and a comparison with a finite volume scheme for boltzmann's equation
|
audiencein boltzmann collapse supernova mathematical emph isotropic idsa boltzmann splitting volumes revise discretization idsa problem. discretization boltzmann idsa cases. idsa interpreted. idsa boltzmann numerically localized
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52661259",
"52727740"
] |
52886390
|
10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.015
|
International audienceThis paper addresses the issue of polishing electroplating wastewater in subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland. Electroplating wastewater treatment or polishing in constructed wetlands (CWs) was studied to a very limited degree. Four types of microcosm upflow constructed wetlands were selected for the experiment based on type of bed media and the presence or absence of vegetation (<i>Phragmites australis</i>). The main objective of the system design was to promote metals removal by precipitation as sulfides mediated by sulfate reducing bacteria. The experimental system consisted of eight PVC columns (diameter 20 cm) filled up to. 63.5 cm with either gravel or gravel-peat mixture and was operated for one year, polishing synthetic electroplating wastewater. The wastewater used in this study contained metals (Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), cyanides and sulfates, which typically occur in electroplating wastewater. During the experiment the effect of the following factors was studied: presence of vegetation, hydraulic loading, wastewater strength, type of bed media, and addition of lactates as external carbon source for the columns with gravel. The results showed that the upflow columns can efficiently remove metals (with the exception of Pb) and cyanides. It was observed that the removal efficiency of Cu, Ni and Zn increases with increasing influent concentration of metals and increasing hydraulic loading rate. The role of plants and bed media was minor. The addition of lactates to the feed of the columns with gravel was found to improve the reduction of metals concentration in the passing wastewater
|
Polishing of synthetic electroplating wastewater in microcosm upflow constructed wetlands: Effect of operating conditions
|
polishing of synthetic electroplating wastewater in microcosm upflow constructed wetlands: effect of operating conditions
|
audiencethis addresses polishing electroplating wastewater subsurface wetland. electroplating wastewater polishing wetlands degree. microcosm upflow wetlands vegetation phragmites australis promote metals removal precipitation sulfides sulfate reducing bacteria. consisted eight columns filled gravel gravel peat mixture operated polishing synthetic electroplating wastewater. wastewater metals cyanides sulfates electroplating wastewater. vegetation hydraulic loading wastewater lactates columns gravel. upflow columns efficiently remove metals exception cyanides. removal influent metals hydraulic loading rate. minor. lactates feed columns gravel metals passing wastewater
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52309357",
"52618678",
"52645826"
] |
52901491
|
10.1016/j.conengprac.2013.09.013
|
International audienceA combined nonlinear longitudinal and lateral vehicle control is investigated. Flatness-based nonlinear control and new algebraic estimation techniques for noise removal and numerical differentiation are the main theoretical tools. An accurate automatic path-tracking via vehicle steering angle and driving/braking wheel torque is thus ensured. It combines the control of the lateral and longitudinal motions in order to track straight or curved trajectories and to perform a combined lane-keeping and steering control during critical driving situations such as obstacle avoidance, stop-and-go control, lane-change maneuvers or any other maneuvers. Promising results have been obtained with noisy experimental data, which were acquired by a laboratory vehicle with high dynamic loads and high lateral accelerations
|
Coupled nonlinear vehicle control: Flatness-based setting with algebraic estimation techniques
|
coupled nonlinear vehicle control: flatness-based setting with algebraic estimation techniques
|
audiencea longitudinal lateral vehicle investigated. flatness algebraic removal tools. automatic tracking vehicle steering driving braking wheel torque ensured. combines lateral longitudinal motions track straight curved trajectories lane keeping steering driving situations obstacle avoidance stop lane maneuvers maneuvers. promising noisy acquired vehicle loads lateral accelerations
|
exact_dup
|
[
"51225960"
] |
52902412
|
10.1051/proc/201342005
|
International audienceThis paper deals with the Traction Force Microscopy (TFM) problem. It consists in obtaining stresses by solving an inverse problem in an elastic medium, from known experimentally measured displacements. In this article, the application is the determination of the stresses exerted by a living cell at the surface of an elastic gel. We propose an abstract framework which formulates this inverse problem as a constrained minimization problem. The mathematical constraints express the biomechanical conditions that the cell must satisfy. From this framework, two methods currently used can be derived, the adjoint method (AM) and the Fourier Transform Traction Cytometry (FTTC) method. An improvement of the FTTC method is also derived using this framework. The numerical results are compared and show the advantage of the AM, in particular it can capture details more accurately
|
Mathematical framework for Traction Force Microscopy
|
mathematical framework for traction force microscopy
|
audiencethis deals traction microscopy problem. obtaining stresses solving elastic experimentally displacements. stresses exerted living elastic gel. propose formulates constrained minimization problem. mathematical express biomechanical satisfy. adjoint fourier transform traction cytometry fttc method. fttc framework. advantage capture accurately
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exact_dup
|
[
"51226737"
] |
52903775
|
10.1007/s10915-012-9648-x
|
International audienceWe propose a semi-Lagrangian scheme using a spatially adaptive sparse grid to deal with non-linear time-dependent Hamilton-Jacobi Bellman equations. We focus in particular on front propagation models in higher dimensions which are related to control problems. We test the numerical efficiency of the method on several benchmark problems up to space dimension d = 8, and give evidence of convergence towards the exact viscosity solution. In addition, we study how the complexity and precision scale with the dimension of the problem
|
An adaptive sparse grid semi-lagrangian scheme for first order Hamilton-Jacobi Bellman equations
|
an adaptive sparse grid semi-lagrangian scheme for first order hamilton-jacobi bellman equations
|
audiencewe propose lagrangian spatially adaptive sparse deal hamilton jacobi bellman equations. front propagation problems. benchmark viscosity solution. precision
|
exact_dup
|
[
"47100059"
] |
52909772
|
10.1007/s10915-009-9329-6
|
International audienceIn this paper we develop a general efficient sparse storage technique suitable to coding front evolutions in d>= 2 space dimensions. This technique is mainly applied here to deal with deterministic target problems with constraints, and solve the associated minimal time problems. To this end we consider an Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation and use an adapted anti-diffusive Ultra-Bee scheme. We obtain a general method which is faster than a full storage technique. We show that we can compute problems that are out of reach by full storage techniques (because of memory). Numerical experiments are provided in dimension d=2,3,4
|
An efficient data structure to solve front propagation problems
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an efficient data structure to solve front propagation problems
|
audiencein sparse storage coding front evolutions dimensions. deal deterministic solve problems. hamilton jacobi bellman adapted diffusive ultra scheme. faster storage technique. storage
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exact_dup
|
[
"47111341"
] |
52924167
|
10.1002/asi.21697
|
Cataloged from PDF version of article.Multisource web news portals provide various advantages such as richness in news content and an opportunity to follow developments from different perspectives. However, in such environments, news variety and quantity can have an overwhelming effect. New-event detection and topic-tracking studies address this problem. They examine news streams and organize stories according to their events; however, several tracking stories of an event/topic may contain no new information (i.e., no novelty). We study the novelty detection (ND) problem on the tracking news of a particular topic. For this purpose, we build a Turkish ND test collection called BilNov-2005 and propose the usage of three ND methods: a cosine-similarity (CS)-based method, a language-model (LM)-based method, and a cover-coefficient (CC)-based method. For the LM-based ND method, we show that a simpler smoothing approach, Dirichlet smoothing, can have similar performance to a more complex smoothing approach, Shrinkage smoothing. We introduce a baseline that shows the performance of a system with random novelty decisions. In addition, a category-based threshold learning method is used for the first time in ND literature. The experimental results show that the LM-based ND method significantly outperforms the CS- and CC-based methods, and category-based threshold learning achieves promising results when compared to general threshold learning
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Novelty detection for topic tracking
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novelty detection for topic tracking
|
cataloged article.multisource news portals advantages richness news opportunity developments perspectives. environments news quantity overwhelming effect. topic tracking problem. examine news streams organize stories tracking stories topic i.e. novelty novelty tracking news topic. build turkish bilnov propose usage cosine similarity cover method. simpler smoothing dirichlet smoothing smoothing shrinkage smoothing. novelty decisions. literature. outperforms achieves promising
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exact_dup
|
[
"52922965"
] |
53159085
|
10.1016/j.apcata.2008.11.028
|
The selective hydrogenation of ethyl-benzoylacetate to 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propionate catalyzed by Pd/C in EtOH in a solution of KOH has been investigated. Mass transfers as well as adsorption and desorption stages do not influence reaction kinetics. A kinetic model is proposed based on the best fitting of the experimental data with Langmuir–Hinshelwood type kinetics equation. The mechanism implies that the enolate of the ethyl-benzoylacetate adsorbs strongly on two sites, thus occupying a large part of the surface Pd atoms without any reaction. The ethyl-benzoylacetate adsorbs also on two sites but with adsorption equilibrium constant almost three order of magnitude lower than that of the enolate anions. Also the hydrogen is poorly adsorbed, however, it forms Pd–H and reacts with the adsorbed keto-ester by a step hydrogenation mechanism in which the first hydride insertion is the rate-determining step. Furthermore, due to the low surface Pd–H availability and the fast desorption of the 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propionate the consecutive hydrogenolysis of the C–OH bond of the product is practically suppressed, thus achieving selectivity close to 100%
|
Selective hydrogenation of ethyl-benzoylacetate to 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propionate catalyzed by Pd/C in EtOH as a solvent in the presence of KOH: The role of the enolate ion on the reaction mechanism
|
selective hydrogenation of ethyl-benzoylacetate to 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propionate catalyzed by pd/c in etoh as a solvent in the presence of koh: the role of the enolate ion on the reaction mechanism
|
selective hydrogenation ethyl benzoylacetate hydroxy phenyl propionate catalyzed etoh investigated. transfers adsorption desorption kinetics. fitting langmuir–hinshelwood kinetics equation. enolate ethyl benzoylacetate adsorbs occupying reaction. ethyl benzoylacetate adsorbs adsorption enolate anions. poorly adsorbed pd–h reacts adsorbed keto ester hydrogenation hydride insertion determining step. pd–h availability desorption hydroxy phenyl propionate consecutive hydrogenolysis c–oh bond practically suppressed achieving selectivity
|
exact_dup
|
[
"41118524"
] |
53169054
|
10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.12.001
|
All over Europe, low wind speeds and stable atmospheric stratification are meteorological factors leading to air pollution episodes. Discriminating the contribution of the local atmospheric circulation and the regional and long-range transport processes, in determining PM2.5 and pollutants levels, is very important for deciding any effective abatement measure. This is particularly true in the Northeastern part of the Po Valley, one of the most polluted areas in Europe.
This study proposes a method for assessing the relative importance of regional and long-range transport episodes and of local sources on PM2.5 mass and ionic composition.
Air mass back-trajectories were combined with PM chemical composition and local wind data and the relative contributions were estimated.
Air mass histories show that the levels of PM2.5 increased when air masses had arrived from Northern to Central and Northwestern Europe and significantly dropped when the trajectories originated from the Mediterranean area. Furthermore, results reveal that relatively fast winds from quadrant I were associated with clean air and increasing sea-salt components. Diversely, air mass stagnations were closely accompanied by severe pollution events. Heavily polluted episodes were recorded in correspondence of days characterized by low-mobility atmospheric conditions and when air masses had spent most time over the Po Valley region.
These results can help understanding the sources, the chemistry and dynamics of PM2.5 in Northeastern Italy. The proposed approach is easily applicable to other environments
|
A procedure to assess local and long-range transport contributions to PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol
|
a procedure to assess local and long-range transport contributions to pm2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol
|
europe speeds stratification meteorological pollution episodes. discriminating circulation determining pollutants deciding abatement measure. northeastern valley polluted europe. proposes assessing episodes ionic composition. trajectories estimated. histories arrived northern northwestern europe dropped trajectories originated mediterranean area. reveal winds quadrant clean salt components. diversely stagnations closely accompanied pollution events. heavily polluted episodes correspondence mobility spent valley region. northeastern italy. applicable environments
|
exact_dup
|
[
"41128511"
] |
54026026
|
10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.006
|
International audienceSubsurface waters circulating in an unpolluted soil of a planosolic horizon (Massif Central, France) were studied in order to determine their physico-chemical characteristics. Three water sampling sites were chosen along a toposequence. For each site, two piezometers were placed above and in the gravelly and concretion-rich horizon (Fe- and Mn- oxyhydroxides). Concentrations of major-, minor- (cations, anions, Fe, Mn, P and Si) and trace elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Zn and U) were monitored on bulk and filtered water (0.45 μm) to study both the particulate and the dissolved components, from 2004 to 2006, during the soil saturation period (i.e., from November to May). Chemical characteristics of soil solutions provide evidence for various chemical water compositions and for temporal variations of water quality, revealing that the hydrodynamic and chemical reactivity in the solution is different for the three sites. Calculations of pe values indicate a range of redox state of the soil solutions. The pe ranges are different for each piezometer but correspond to anoxic solution. For all piezometers, distribution between the dissolved and the particulate fraction and correlations between the various elements in the soil solutions indicate that: (i) Al and Fe show similar behaviour, (ii) Al is mainly present as oxyhydroxides and (iii) some trace metals are mainly associated with particles which have a mixed nature. The impact of a concretion-rich horizon is noticed both on the nature of particles and on the speciation of trace metals and could be explained by the hydrodynamic and chemical reactivity of the circulating solution. Very few correlations exist between elements in the dissolved phase
|
Mobility of major-, minor- and trace elements in solutions of a planosolic soil: Distribution and controlling factors
|
mobility of major-, minor- and trace elements in solutions of a planosolic soil: distribution and controlling factors
|
audiencesubsurface waters circulating unpolluted planosolic horizon massif physico characteristics. toposequence. piezometers placed gravelly concretion horizon oxyhydroxides minor cations anions trace monitored filtered particulate dissolved saturation i.e. november compositions revealing hydrodynamic reactivity sites. redox solutions. ranges piezometer anoxic solution. piezometers dissolved particulate oxyhydroxides trace metals nature. concretion horizon noticed speciation trace metals hydrodynamic reactivity circulating solution. dissolved
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52741976"
] |
54026240
|
10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.006
|
International audienceThe metastable superheated solutions are liquids in transitory thermodynamic equilibrium inside the stability domain of their vapor (whatever the temperature is). Some natural contexts should allow the superheating of natural aqueous solutions, like the soil capillarity (low T superheating), certain continental and submarine geysers (high T superheating), or even the water state in very arid environments like the Mars subsurface (low T) or the deep crustal rocks (high T). The present paper reports experimental measurements on the superheating range of aqueous solutions contained in quartz as fluid inclusions (Synthetic Fluid Inclusion Technique, SFIT) and brought to superheating state by isochoric cooling. About 40 samples were synthetized at 0.75 GPa and 530-700 °C with internally-heated autoclaves. Nine hundred and sixty-seven inclusions were studied by micro-thermometry, including measuring the temperatures of homogenization (Th: L + V → L) and vapor bubbles nucleation (Tn: L → L + V). The Th-Tn difference corresponds to the intensity of superheating that the trapped liquid can undergo and can be translated into liquid pressure (existing just before nucleation occurs at Tn) by an equation of state. Pure water (840-935 kg m−3), dilute NaOH solutions (0.1 and 0.5 mol kg−1), NaCl, CaCl2 and CsCl solutions (1 and 5 mol kg−1) demonstrated a surprising ability to undergo tensile stress. The highest tension ever recorded to the best of our knowledge (−146 MPa, 100 °C) is attained in a 5 m CaCl2 inclusion trapped in quartz matrix, while CsCl solutions qualitatively show still better superheating efficiency. These observations are discussed with regards to the quality of the inner surface of inclusion surfaces (high P-T synthesis conditions) and to the intrinsic cohesion of liquids (thermodynamic and kinetic spinodal). This study demonstrates that natural solutions can reach high levels of superheating, that are accompanied by strong changes of their physico-chemical properties
|
Experimental superheating of water and aqueous solutions
|
experimental superheating of water and aqueous solutions
|
audiencethe metastable superheated liquids transitory thermodynamic vapor whatever contexts superheating aqueous capillarity superheating continental submarine geysers superheating arid environments mars subsurface crustal rocks superheating aqueous quartz inclusions synthetic inclusion sfit brought superheating isochoric cooling. synthetized internally heated autoclaves. nine hundred sixty seven inclusions micro thermometry measuring homogenization vapor bubbles nucleation superheating trapped undergo translated nucleation state. dilute naoh nacl cacl cscl surprising undergo tensile stress. tension ever attained cacl inclusion trapped quartz cscl qualitatively superheating efficiency. regards inclusion intrinsic cohesion liquids thermodynamic spinodal demonstrates superheating accompanied physico
|
exact_dup
|
[
"49298939",
"52656724",
"52745576"
] |
54040326
|
10.1088/0953-8984/22/38/385401
|
International audienceA detailed analysis is performed to show that the second order time-convolutionless master equation fails to describe the exciton-phonon dynamics in a finite size lattice. To proceed, special attention is paid to characterize the coherences of the exciton reduced density matrix. These specific elements measure the ability of the exciton to develop superimpositions involving the vacuum and the one-exciton states. It is shown that the coherences behave as wave functions whose dynamics is governed by a time-dependent effective Hamiltonian defined in terms of the so-called time-dependent relaxation operator. Due to the confinement, quantum recurrences provide to the relaxation operator an almost periodic nature so that the master equation reduces to a linear system of differential equations with almost periodic coefficients. In accordance with the Floquet theory, we show that unstable solutions emerge due to parametric resonances involving specific frequencies of the relaxation operator and specific excitonic eigenfrequencies. These resonances give rise to an unphysical exponential growth of the coherences indicating the breakdown of the second order master equatio
|
Parametric resonance-induced time-convolutionless master equation breakdown in finite size exciton-phonon systems
|
parametric resonance-induced time-convolutionless master equation breakdown in finite size exciton-phonon systems
|
audiencea convolutionless master fails exciton phonon lattice. proceed paid characterize coherences exciton matrix. exciton superimpositions involving exciton states. coherences behave governed relaxation operator. confinement recurrences relaxation master reduces coefficients. accordance floquet unstable emerge parametric resonances involving relaxation excitonic eigenfrequencies. resonances unphysical exponential coherences breakdown master equatio
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52737150"
] |
59042946
|
10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.02.100
|
This paper reports phase separation in thick (-1 pm) MOVPE In,Gai_xN (x = 0.2-0.4)
films grown by MOVPE at 570-750°C on AIN/Si(111), a-A1203(0001) and
GaN/a-A1203(0001) substrates. Phase separation occurs when InGaN thickness exceeds a
critical value. Critical thickness for phase separation is markedly increased with decreasing
growth temperature. It is around 0.2 pm for a film grown at 750°C, while it is more than 1 pm
for that grown at 570°C. No substrate dependencies are found in critical thickness. The
cross-sectional SEM views of phase-separated films grown at 650°C show that phase
separation is initiated at parts farer more than 0.2 pm from the substrate and extended to the
area near the substrate. SIMS analysis shows a possibility that phase separation is initiated
at a part with relatively large In/Ga ratio fluctuations in InGaN films
|
Growth temperature dependent critical thickness for phase separation in thick (1 um) InxGa1-xN (x=0.2?0.4)
|
growth temperature dependent critical thickness for phase separation in thick (1 um) inxga1-xn (x=0.2?0.4)
|
thick movpe films grown movpe substrates. ingan exceeds value. markedly decreasing temperature. film grown grown dependencies thickness. sectional views separated films grown initiated farer substrate. sims initiated ingan films
|
exact_dup
|
[
"61366532"
] |
61371554
|
10.1016/j.bcp.2005.03.013
|
Cytarabine (ara-C), a major antileukemic agent, is phosphorylated in the cell to cytarabine triphosphate (ara-CTP), which then is partly incorporated into DNA. The drug incorporation into DNA poisons the extending primer against further incorporation of deoxyribonucleotides including dCTP, ultimately inhibiting DNA synthesis. While intracellular ara-CTP concentration has been found to predict clinical outcome, cytotoxicity in vitro is determined primarily by the extent of drug incorporation into DNA. However, clinically appropriate quantitation methods for ara-C at the DNA level have not been available. We developed a sensitive new method for monitoring ara-C incorporated into DNA in vivo. After DNA from leukemic cells was fractionated using the Schmidt-Thannhauser-Schneider method, it was degraded to constituent nucleosides to release ara-C, which was isolated from the nucleosides using HPLC and then measured by radioimmunoassay. Recovery for DNA fractionation, ara-C release by degradation, and ara-C isolation were 92.0 ± 6.4%, 90.7 ± 9.4%, and 98.5 ± 1.4%, respectively. The method was found to determine ara-C incorporation into DNA of ara-C-treated HL60 cells in vitro with minimal interassay variation. The values determined were compatible with those determined by scintillation counting in parallel experiments using tritiated ara-C. Our method could be used to monitor DNA-incorporated ara-C concentrations during ara-C therapy, together with plasma ara-C and intracellular ara-CTP concentrations. ara-C incorporation into DNA appeared to be associated with intracellular retention of ara-CTP or persistence of plasma ara-C. Thus, the present method is sensitive, accurate, precise, and may permit therapeutic drug monitoring at the DNA level for better individualization of antileukemic regimens
|
A Sensitive New Method for Clinically Monitoring Cytarabine Concentrations at the DNA level in Leukemic Cells
|
a sensitive new method for clinically monitoring cytarabine concentrations at the dna level in leukemic cells
|
cytarabine antileukemic agent phosphorylated cytarabine triphosphate partly incorporated dna. incorporation poisons extending primer incorporation deoxyribonucleotides dctp ultimately inhibiting synthesis. intracellular predict cytotoxicity primarily incorporation dna. clinically quantitation available. incorporated vivo. leukemic fractionated schmidt thannhauser schneider degraded constituent nucleosides nucleosides hplc radioimmunoassay. recovery fractionation degradation isolation respectively. incorporation interassay variation. compatible scintillation counting tritiated monitor incorporated intracellular concentrations. incorporation appeared intracellular retention persistence precise permit therapeutic individualization antileukemic regimens
|
exact_dup
|
[
"59035997"
] |
76972489
|
10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/120205
|
One of the 'grand challenges' of this age is the anthropogenic impact exerted on the nitrogen cycle. Issues of concern range from an excess of fixed nitrogen resulting in environmental pressures for some regions, while for other regions insufficient fixed nitrogen affects food security and may lead to health risks. To address these issues, nitrogen needs to be managed in an integrated fashion, at a variety of scales (from global to local). Such management has to be based on a thorough understanding of the sources of reactive nitrogen released into the environment, its deposition and effects. This requires a comprehensive assessment of the key drivers of changes in the nitrogen cycle both spatially, at the field, regional and global scale and over time. In this focus issue, we address the challenges of managing reactive nitrogen in the context of food production and its impacts on human and ecosystem health. In addition, we discuss the scope for and design of management approaches in regions with too much and too little nitrogen. This focus issue includes several contributions from authors who participated at the N2013 conference in Kampala in November 2013, where delegates compiled and agreed upon the 'Kampala Statement-for-Action on Reactive Nitrogen in Africa and Globally'. These contributions further underline scientifically the claims of the 'Kampala Statement', that simultaneously reducing pollution and increasing nitrogen available in the food system, by improved nitrogen management offers win-wins for environment, health and food security in both developing and developed economies. The specific messages conveyed in the Kampala Statement focus on improving nitrogen management (I), including the reduction of nitrogen losses from agriculture, industry, transport and energy sectors, as well as improving waste treatment and informing individuals and institutions (II). Highlighting the need for innovation and increased awareness among stakeholders (III) and the identification of policy and technology solutions to tackle global nitrogen management issues (IV), this will enable countries to fulfil their regional and global commitments
|
Synthesis and review: tackling the nitrogen management challenge: from global to local scales
|
synthesis and review: tackling the nitrogen management challenge: from global to local scales
|
grand challenges anthropogenic exerted nitrogen cycle. concern excess nitrogen pressures insufficient nitrogen affects security risks. nitrogen managed fashion thorough reactive nitrogen released deposition effects. comprehensive drivers nitrogen spatially time. challenges managing reactive nitrogen impacts ecosystem health. scope nitrogen. participated kampala november delegates compiled agreed kampala statement reactive nitrogen africa globally underline scientifically claims kampala statement simultaneously reducing pollution nitrogen nitrogen offers wins security economies. messages conveyed kampala statement improving nitrogen nitrogen losses agriculture sectors improving waste informing institutions highlighting innovation awareness stakeholders tackle nitrogen enable fulfil commitments
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exact_dup
|
[
"44738398"
] |
78073192
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.94.052323
|
Time-energy high-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) leverages the high-dimensional nature of time-energy entangled biphotons and the loss tolerance of single-photon detection to achieve long-distance key distribution with high photon information efficiency. To date, the general-attack security of HD-QKD has only been proven in the asymptotic regime, while HD-QKD's finite-key security has only been established for a limited set of attacks. Here we fill this gap by providing a rigorous HD-QKD security proof for general attacks in the finite-key regime. Our proof relies on an entropic uncertainty relation that we derive for time and conjugate-time measurements that use dispersive optics, and our analysis includes an efficient decoy-state protocol in its parameter estimation. We present numerically evaluated secret-key rates illustrating the feasibility of secure and composable HD-QKD over metropolitan-area distances when the system is subjected to the most powerful eavesdropping attack.United States. Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014- 13-1-0774)United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant FA9550-14-1-0052)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Postdoctoral Fellowship
|
Finite-key analysis for time-energy high-dimensional quantum key distribution
|
finite-key analysis for time-energy high-dimensional quantum key distribution
|
leverages entangled biphotons tolerance efficiency. attack security proven asymptotic security attacks. fill rigorous security attacks regime. relies entropic derive conjugate dispersive optics decoy estimation. numerically secret illustrating feasibility secure composable metropolitan distances subjected powerful eavesdropping attack.united states. office naval states. office council canada postdoctoral fellowship
|
exact_dup
|
[
"78073189"
] |
82484341
|
10.1016/j.jscs.2014.04.005
|
Abstract2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds are one of the most attractive classes for researchers due to their pharmacological activities. In the current research, a new series of 2-[[5-alkyl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]-N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]acetamides (6a–m) were prepared by converting different aryl/aralkyl organic acids (1a–m) successively into corresponding esters (2a–m), hydrazides (3a–m) and 5-aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiols (4a–m). Finally, the target compounds 6a–m were synthesized by stirring 5-aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiols (4a–m) with 2-bromo-N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]acetamide (5) in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium hydride (NaH). The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated through IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. The compounds were also screened for antimicrobial and hemolytic activity and most of them were found to be active against the selected microbial species at variable extent relative to reference standards. The compounds, 6d and 6f were active against the selected panel of microbes and the former was the most potent one. This series showed less toxicity and may be considered for further biological screening and application trial except 6h and 6l, possessing higher cytotoxicity
|
Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and hemolytic activity of 2-[[5-alkyl/aralkyl substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]-N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]acetamide derivatives
|
synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and hemolytic activity of 2-[[5-alkyl/aralkyl substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]-n-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]acetamide derivatives
|
disubstituted oxadiazole attractive researchers pharmacological activities. alkyl aralkyl oxadiazol thio morpholinyl phenyl acetamides converting aryl aralkyl successively esters hydrazides aryl aralkyl oxadiazol thiols synthesized stirring aryl aralkyl oxadiazol thiols bromo morpholinyl phenyl acetamide dimethylformamide sodium hydride synthesized elucidated data. screened antimicrobial hemolytic microbial standards. microbes former potent one. toxicity screening possessing cytotoxicity
|
exact_dup
|
[
"159182839"
] |
82642850
|
10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.03.016
|
A girl with a prenatal 46,XY karyotype was born with a completely normal female phenotype, including uterus and histologically normal ovaries. In mice with a similar phenotype, the ablation of M33, an ortholog of Drosophila Polycomb, causes male-to-female sex reversal. The analysis of the human homolog of M33, Chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2), in this girl revealed loss-of-function mutations that allowed us, by placing CBX2 upstream of SRY, to add an additional component to the still incomplete cascade of human sex development
|
Ovaries and Female Phenotype in a Girl with 46,XY Karyotype and Mutations in the CBX2 Gene
|
ovaries and female phenotype in a girl with 46,xy karyotype and mutations in the cbx2 gene
|
girl prenatal karyotype born phenotype uterus histologically ovaries. phenotype ablation ortholog drosophila polycomb reversal. homolog chromobox homolog girl placing upstream incomplete cascade
|
exact_dup
|
[
"11266754"
] |
83641490
|
10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.015
|
Benjamin Sovacool (2016) has provided interesting food for thought in asking “how long will it take?” for the unfolding of energy transitions. Historical evidence of “grand” or global energy system transitions taking decades to centuries to unfold contrasted with highly selective recent and rapid examples of mostly incremental technological change make for an engaging argument. But the observed contrasts are due to the apples-and-oranges comparison between transitions that are measured differently, defined differently, characterized by different processes, and explained differently
|
Apples, oranges, and consistent comparisons of the temporal dynamics of energy transitions
|
apples, oranges, and consistent comparisons of the temporal dynamics of energy transitions
|
benjamin sovacool thought asking “how unfolding transitions. historical “grand” decades centuries unfold contrasted selective mostly incremental technological engaging argument. contrasts apples oranges differently differently differently
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52955257"
] |
84156769
|
10.1063/1.4950805
|
We use an atomic vapor cell as a frequency tunable microwave field detector operating at frequencies from GHz to tens of GHz. We detect microwave magnetic fields from 2.3 GHz to 26.4 GHz, and measure the amplitude of the sigma+ component of an 18 GHz microwave field. Our proof-of-principle demonstration represents a four orders of magnitude extension of the frequency tunable range of atomic magnetometers from their previous dc to several MHz range. When integrated with a high resolution microwave imaging system, this will allow for the complete reconstruction of the vector components of a microwave magnetic field and the relative phase between them. Potential applications include near-field characterisation of microwave circuitry and devices, and medical microwave sensing and imaging
|
Frequency-tunable microwave field detection in an atomic vapor cell
|
frequency-tunable microwave field detection in an atomic vapor cell
|
vapor tunable microwave operating tens ghz. detect microwave sigma microwave field. demonstration orders tunable magnetometers range. microwave reconstruction microwave them. characterisation microwave circuitry devices microwave sensing
|
exact_dup
|
[
"42709588"
] |
9031654
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.100407
|
Optical vortices are lines of phase singularity which percolate through all optical fields. We report the entanglement of linked optical vortex loops in the light produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. As measured by using a Bell inequality, this entanglement between topological features extends over macroscopic and finite volumes. The entanglement of photons in complex three-dimensional topological states suggests the possibility of entanglement of similar features in other quantum systems describable by complex scalar functions, such as superconductors, superfluids, and Bose-Einstein condensates
|
Entangled optical vortex links
|
entangled optical vortex links
|
vortices singularity percolate fields. entanglement vortex loops spontaneous parametric conversion. bell inequality entanglement topological extends macroscopic volumes. entanglement photons topological entanglement describable superconductors superfluids bose einstein condensates
|
exact_dup
|
[
"83972675"
] |
11308101
|
10.1063/1.2169752
|
he particle-in-cell method with Monte Carlo collisions is frequently used when a detailed kinetic simulation of a weakly collisional plasma is required. In such cases, one usually desires, inter alia, an accurate calculation of the particle distribution functions in velocity space. However, velocity space diffusion affects most, perhaps all, kinetic simulations to some degree, leading to numerical thermalization (i.e., relaxation of the velocity distribution toward a Maxwellian), and consequently distortion of the true velocity distribution functions, among other undesirable effects. The rate of such thermalization can be considered a figure of merit for kinetic simulations. This article shows that, contrary to previous assumption, the addition of Monte Carlo collisions to a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation seriously degrades certain properties of the simulation. In particular, the thermalization time can be reduced by as much as three orders of magnitude. This effect makes obtaining strictly converged simulation results difficult in many cases of practical interest
|
Kinetic properties of particle-in-cell simulations compromised by Monte Carlo collisions
|
kinetic properties of particle-in-cell simulations compromised by monte carlo collisions
|
monte carlo collisions frequently weakly collisional required. desires alia space. affects perhaps thermalization i.e. relaxation toward maxwellian distortion undesirable effects. thermalization merit simulations. contrary monte carlo collisions seriously degrades simulation. thermalization orders magnitude. obtaining strictly converged practical
|
exact_dup
|
[
"147596130"
] |
11310039
|
10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_23
|
Service-oriented architecture is an architectural approach\ud
that can be applied for building autonomous service systems dynamically to satisfy on-demand business requests. During the execution of service compositions, architectural constraint violations relating to functional and non-fucntional system properties need to be handled intelligently and autonomously, possibly requiring architectural reconfigurations. We propose integrated architectural constraint violation handling to deal with architectural quality problems through dynamic reconfiguration. We concentrate on service replacement selection as a remedial strategy for a possible quality violation requiring architectural remedies
|
Dynamic architectural constraints monitoring and reconfiguration in service architectures
|
dynamic architectural constraints monitoring and reconfiguration in service architectures
|
oriented architecture architectural autonomous dynamically satisfy requests. execution compositions architectural violations relating fucntional handled intelligently autonomously possibly requiring architectural reconfigurations. propose architectural violation handling deal architectural reconfiguration. concentrate replacement remedial violation requiring architectural remedies
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exact_dup
|
[
"147600499"
] |
11996239
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.165002
|
Direct-drive implosions with 20-μm-thick glass shells were conducted on the Omega Laser Facility to test the performance of high-Z glass ablators for direct-drive, inertial confinement fusion. The x-ray signal caused by hot electrons generated by two-plasmon-decay instability was reduced by more than ∼40× and hot-electron temperature by ∼2× in the glass compared to plastic ablators at ignition-relevant drive intensities of ∼1×1015 W/cm2, suggesting reduced target preheat. The measured absorption and compression were close to 1D predictions. The measured soft x-ray production in the spectral range of ∼2 to 4 keV was ∼2× to 3× lower than 1D predictions, indicating that the shell preheat caused by soft x-rays is less than predicted. A direct-drive-ignition design based on glass ablators is introduced
|
Implosion Experiments using Glass Ablators for Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion.
|
implosion experiments using glass ablators for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion.
|
drive implosions thick glass shells omega facility glass ablators drive inertial confinement fusion. plasmon instability glass plastic ablators ignition drive intensities preheat. compression predictions. preheat rays predicted. drive ignition glass ablators
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exact_dup
|
[
"148657613"
] |
11997795
|
10.1007/s11947-011-0672-x
|
The objective of this research was to develop an off-line artificial vision system to automatically detect defective eggshells, i.e., dirty or cracked eggshells, by employing multispectral images with the final purpose to adapt the system to an on-line grading machine. In particular, this work was focused to study the feasibility of identifying organic stains on brown eggshells (dirty eggshell), caused by blood, feathers, feces, etc., from natural stains, caused by deposits of pigments on the outer layer of clean eggshells. During the analysis a total of 384 eggs were evaluated (clean: 148, dirty: 236). Dirty samples were evaluated visually in order to classify them according to the kind of defect (blood, feathers, and white, clear or dark feces), and clean eggshells were classified on the basis of the colour of the natural stains (clear or dark). For each sample digital images were acquired by employing a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) camera endowed with 15 monochromatic filters (440-940 nm). A Matlab® function was developed in order to automate the process and analyze images, with the aim to classify samples as clean or dirty. The program was constituted by three major steps: first, the research of an opportune combination of monochromatic images in order to isolate the eggshell from the background; second, the detection of the dirt stains; third, the classification of the images samples into the dirty or clean group on the basis of geometric characteristics of the stains (area in pixel). The proposed classification algorithm was able to correctly classify near 98% of the samples with a very low processing time (0.05s). The robustness of the proposed classification was observed applying an external validation to a second set of samples (n = 178), obtaining similar percentage of correctly classified samples (97%)
|
Automatic Identification of Defects on Eggshell Through a Multispectral Vision System
|
automatic identification of defects on eggshell through a multispectral vision system
|
artificial vision automatically detect defective eggshells i.e. dirty cracked eggshells employing multispectral adapt grading machine. focused feasibility identifying stains brown eggshells dirty eggshell feathers feces etc. stains deposits pigments outer clean eggshells. eggs clean dirty dirty visually classify kind defect feathers feces clean eggshells classified colour stains digital acquired employing camera endowed monochromatic filters matlab® automate analyze classify clean dirty. constituted opportune monochromatic isolate eggshell dirt stains dirty clean geometric stains pixel correctly classify robustness validation obtaining correctly classified
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exact_dup
|
[
"148659086"
] |
11999131
|
10.1016/j.tplants.2011.06.003
|
Protein-coding gene families are sets of similar genes with a shared evolutionary origin and, generally, with similar biological functions. In plants, the size and role of gene families has been only partially addressed. However, suitable bioinformatics tools are being developed to cluster the enormous number of sequences currently available in databases. Specifically, comparative genomic databases promise to become powerful tools for gene family annotation in plant clades. In this review, I evaluate the data retrieved from various gene family databases, the ease with which they can be extracted and how useful the extracted information is
|
Plant protein-coding gene families: emerging bioinformatics approaches
|
plant protein-coding gene families: emerging bioinformatics approaches
|
coding families shared evolutionary functions. families partially addressed. bioinformatics enormous databases. comparative genomic databases promise powerful annotation clades. retrieved databases ease
|
exact_dup
|
[
"148660538"
] |
12000494
|
10.1007/978-3-642-23672-3_18
|
We show a procedure for constructing a probabilistic atlas based on affine moment descriptors. It uses a normalization procedure over the labeled atlas. The proposed linear registration is defined by closed-form expressions involving only geometric moments. This procedure applies both to atlas construction as atlas-based segmentation. We model the likelihood term for each voxel and each label using parametric or nonparametric distributions and the prior term is determined by applying the vote-rule. The probabilistic atlas is built with the variability of our linear registration. We have two segmentation strategy: a) it applies the proposed affine registration to bring the target image into the coordinate frame of the atlas or b) the probabilistic atlas is non-rigidly aligning with the target image, where the probabilistic atlas is previously aligned to the target image with our affine registration. Finally, we adopt a graph cut - Bayesian framework for implementing the atlas-based segmentation
|
Probabilistic Atlas Based Segmentation Using Affine Moment Descriptors and Graph-Cuts
|
probabilistic atlas based segmentation using affine moment descriptors and graph-cuts
|
constructing probabilistic atlas affine moment descriptors. normalization labeled atlas. registration expressions involving geometric moments. applies atlas atlas segmentation. likelihood voxel label parametric nonparametric vote rule. probabilistic atlas built registration. segmentation applies affine registration bring coordinate atlas probabilistic atlas rigidly aligning probabilistic atlas aligned affine registration. adopt bayesian implementing atlas segmentation
|
exact_dup
|
[
"148661806"
] |
12002327
|
10.1002/nme.1620230505
|
This paper presents the implementation of an adaptive philosophy to plane potential problems, using the direct boundary element method. After some considerations about the state of the art and a discussion of the standard approach features, the possibility of separately treating the modelling of variables and their interpolation through hierarchical shape functions is analysed. Then the proposed indicators and estimators are given, followed by a description of a small computer program written for an IBM PC. Finally, some examples show the kind of results to be expected
|
P-Adaptive Boundary Elements
|
p-adaptive boundary elements
|
presents adaptive philosophy method. considerations separately treating interpolation hierarchical analysed. indicators estimators kind
|
exact_dup
|
[
"148663966"
] |
12002552
|
10.1016/j.jss.2012.01.060
|
In the world of information and communications technologies the demand for professionals with software engineering skills grows at an exponential rate. On this ground, we have conducted a study to help both academia and the software industry form a picture of the relationship between the competences of recent graduates of undergraduate and graduate software engineering programmes and the tasks that these professionals are to perform as part of their jobs in industry. Thanks to this study, academia will be able to observe which skills demanded by industry the software engineering curricula do or do not cater for, and industry will be able to ascertain which tasks a recent software engineering programme graduate is well qualified to perform. The study focuses on the software engineering knowledge guidelines provided in SE2004 and GSwE2009, and the job profiles identified by Career Space
|
Balancing software engineering education and industrial needs
|
balancing software engineering education and industrial needs
|
communications technologies professionals skills grows exponential rate. academia picture competences graduates undergraduate graduate programmes tasks professionals jobs industry. thanks academia skills demanded curricula cater ascertain tasks programme graduate qualified perform. focuses guidelines gswe career
|
exact_dup
|
[
"148664311"
] |
12017888
|
10.1016/j.econlet.2009.07.011
|
Many researches that apply business cycle accounting (hereafter, BCA) to actual data conclude that models with investment frictions or investment wedges are not promising for modeling business cycle dynamics. In this paper, we apply BCA to artificial data generated by a variant model of Carlstrom and Fuerst (1997, American Economic Review), which is one of representative models with investment frictions. We find that BCA leads us to conclude that models of investment wedges are not promising according to the criteria of BCA, although the true model contains investment frictions.
|
The Role of Investment Wedges in the Carlstrom-Fuerst Economy and Business Cycle Accounting
|
the role of investment wedges in the carlstrom-fuerst economy and business cycle accounting
|
researches accounting hereafter investment frictions investment wedges promising dynamics. artificial variant carlstrom fuerst investment frictions. investment wedges promising investment frictions.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"12016041"
] |
132345502
|
10.1016/j.jct.2015.07.015
|
Producción CientíficaThe densities and viscosities of aqueous mixtures of two cellulose dissolving ionic liquids: 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ionic liquids have been experimentally determined for water concentration up to approx. 35% water at atmospheric pressure and temperature range from (298.15 to 373.15) K. Molar excess volumes were calculated, resulting in negative values. Literature viscosity correlations were modified in order to describe the viscosity as a function of temperature and water concentration for both water concentrations lower than xH2O = 0.4 and for all the water concentration range. These modified equations were applied to correlate viscosity of (water + ionic liquid) viscosity data for other 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids as well as for (ethanol + 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate) from literature obtaining a good reproducibility of the data.Junta de Castilla y León VA295U14MINECO proyecto CTQ 2011 – 14825 – E (Program Explora)MINECO contrato FPI BES-2011-046496MINECO programa Ramon y Cajal RYC-2013-1397
|
Influence of water concentration in the viscosities and densities of cellulose dissolving ionic liquids. Correlation of viscosity data
|
influence of water concentration in the viscosities and densities of cellulose dissolving ionic liquids. correlation of viscosity data
|
producción científicathe densities viscosities aqueous mixtures cellulose dissolving ionic liquids allyl methylimidazolium chloride ethyl methyl imidazolium acetate ionic liquids experimentally approx. molar excess volumes values. viscosity viscosity range. correlate viscosity ionic viscosity alkyl methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids ethanol ethyl methyl imidazolium acetate obtaining reproducibility data.junta castilla león mineco proyecto explora mineco contrato mineco programa ramon cajal
|
exact_dup
|
[
"196151721"
] |
141499453
|
10.1038/s41598-017-05572-x
|
Despite the importance of deep-sea corals, our current understanding of their ecology and evolution is limited due to difficulties in sampling and studying deep-sea environments. Moreover, a recent re-evaluation of habitat limitations has been suggested after characterization of deep-sea corals in the Red Sea, where they live at temperatures of above 20 °C at low oxygen concentrations. To gain further insight into the biology of deep-sea corals, we produced reference transcriptomes and studied gene expression of three deep-sea coral species from the Red Sea, i.e. Dendrophyllia sp., Eguchipsammia fistula, and Rhizotrochus typus. Our analyses suggest that deep-sea coral employ mitochondrial hypometabolism and anaerobic glycolysis to manage low oxygen conditions present in the Red Sea. Notably, we found expression of genes related to surface cilia motion that presumably enhance small particle transport rates in the oligotrophic deep-sea environment. This is the first study to characterize transcriptomes and in situ gene expression for deep-sea corals. Our work offers several mechanisms by which deep-sea corals might cope with the distinct environmental conditions present in the Red Sea As such, our data provide direction for future research and further insight to organismal response of deep-sea coral to environmental change and ocean warming
|
Transcriptomes and expression profiling of deep-sea corals from the Red Sea provide insight into the biology of azooxanthellate corals
|
transcriptomes and expression profiling of deep-sea corals from the red sea provide insight into the biology of azooxanthellate corals
|
corals ecology difficulties studying environments. habitat limitations corals live concentrations. insight corals transcriptomes coral i.e. dendrophyllia eguchipsammia fistula rhizotrochus typus. coral employ mitochondrial hypometabolism anaerobic glycolysis manage sea. notably cilia presumably enhance oligotrophic environment. characterize transcriptomes situ corals. offers corals cope insight organismal coral ocean warming
|
exact_dup
|
[
"147566590"
] |
143693175
|
10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.016
|
Sequential sheet metal forming processes can result in the accumulation of work hardening and damage effects in the workpiece material. The mechanical strength of the final component depends on the “evolution” of these two characteristics in the different production steps. The punching process, which is usually in the beginning of the production chain, has an important impact on the stress, strain and damage states in the punched zones. It is essential that the influence of these mechanical fields be taken into account in the simulation of the forming sequence. In order to evaluate the evolution of each phenomenon, and in particular damage accumulation in the forming process, it is essential to characterize the punching process. The objective of this work is to understand and identify the physical damage mechanisms that occur during the punching operation and to establish relevant numerical models to predict the fracture location. The effect of the punch–die clearance on mechanical fields distribution is also discussed in this work
|
Experimental and numerical analysis of micromechanical damage in the punching process for High-Strength Low-Alloy steels
|
experimental and numerical analysis of micromechanical damage in the punching process for high-strength low-alloy steels
|
sequential sheet forming accumulation hardening workpiece material. “evolution” steps. punching beginning punched zones. forming sequence. phenomenon accumulation forming characterize punching process. punching establish predict fracture location. punch–die clearance
|
exact_dup
|
[
"29137664"
] |
144013012
|
10.1002/elan.200403216
|
The electrochemical behaviour of the flavone chrysin and the dihydroflavonol (±)-taxifolin was investigated by different electrochemical techniques at different pH values. Dihydroflavonol (±)-taxifolin presented two oxidation peaks. The first electrooxidation reaction of (±)-taxifolin is reversible over the whole pH range. The dependence of peak current on pH showed a maximum around neutral pH values with a decrease in acidic and alkaline media. The influence of the catechol group deprotonation on ring B is related to the electron/proton donating capacity in (±)-taxifolin and to its radical scavenging antioxidant activity. In chrysin, where the ring B has an unsubstituted phenyl, the antioxidant active moiety is in ring A. Chrysin presents an irreversible oxidation peak at higher oxidation potentials than those usually obtained for the catechol moiety ion in ring B and a pH dependent behaviour. The -OH groups on ring A are affected by the 4-keto group as shown by the lower pKa value of the 7-OH, indicating that the 7-OH group is the more acidic. The 5-OH group is less acid and may be explained by the acidic weakening effect of an intramolecular H-bond between the 5-OH and 4-keto group of taxifolin and chrysin.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20040321
|
Chrysin and (±)-Taxifolin Electrochemical Oxidation Mechanisms
|
chrysin and (±)-taxifolin electrochemical oxidation mechanisms
|
electrochemical flavone chrysin dihydroflavonol taxifolin electrochemical values. dihydroflavonol taxifolin oxidation peaks. electrooxidation taxifolin reversible range. neutral acidic alkaline media. catechol deprotonation proton donating taxifolin radical scavenging antioxidant activity. chrysin unsubstituted phenyl antioxidant moiety chrysin presents irreversible oxidation oxidation potentials catechol moiety behaviour. keto acidic. acidic weakening intramolecular bond keto taxifolin chrysin. elan.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"19125531"
] |
144013035
|
10.1002/chem.200800718
|
The analysis of different historic mauve samples - mauve salts and dyed textiles - was undertaken to establish the exact nature of the iconic dye produced by W. H. Perkin in the nineteenth century. Fourteen samples from important museum collections were analyzed, and it was determined that, in contrast to the general wisdom that mauveine consists of C26 and C27 structures, Perkin's mauveine is a complex mixture of at least thirteen methyl derivatives (C24 to C28) with a 7-amino-5-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)phenazin-5-ium core. A fingerprint was established in which mauveines A or B were dominant, and in which mauveines B2 and C25 were found to be important tracers to probe the original synthesis. Counterion analysis showed that all the mauve salts should be dated after 1862. Perkin's original recipe could be identified in three textile samples, and in these cases, mauveines A and C25 were found to be the major chromophores. These are now shown to be the samples containing the ldquooriginal mauverdquo.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.20080071
|
A Study in Mauve: Unveiling Perkin's Dye in Historic Samples
|
a study in mauve: unveiling perkin's dye in historic samples
|
historic mauve mauve salts dyed textiles undertaken establish iconic perkin nineteenth century. fourteen museum collections wisdom mauveine perkin mauveine mixture thirteen methyl derivatives phenyl phenylamino phenazin core. fingerprint mauveines mauveines tracers synthesis. counterion mauve salts dated perkin recipe textile mauveines chromophores. ldquooriginal mauverdquo. chem.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"19125546"
] |
144013530
|
10.1007/s11071-006-9108-y
|
Abstract This paper presents a comparative study of two path-following controllers developed for guiding autonomous vehicles in semi-structured outdoor environments. Part of this paper is focused on the performance of two path-following controllers, which are implemented using two different approaches, the first using fuzzy logic and the second using chained systems theory. The control effort and the errors magnitude along the path are evaluated in a comparative way. A magnetic guidance system for autonomous vehicles navigation in semi-structured outdoor environments is also described, integrating redundant encoders data and absolute positioning data provided by on-board magnetic sensors and magnetic markers buried in the road. Simulation and experimental results are presented showing the effectiveness of the overall control system.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-006-9108-
|
Data fusion and path-following controllers comparison for autonomous vehicles
|
data fusion and path-following controllers comparison for autonomous vehicles
|
presents comparative controllers guiding autonomous vehicles structured outdoor environments. focused controllers implemented fuzzy logic chained theory. effort comparative way. guidance autonomous vehicles navigation structured outdoor environments integrating redundant encoders positioning board sensors markers buried road. effectiveness system.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"19125837"
] |
144013903
|
10.1007/s10288-005-0076-8
|
Abstract. Sorting models consist in assigning alternatives evaluated on several criteria to ordered categories. To implement such models it is necessary to set the values of the preference parameters used in the model. Rather than fixing the values of these parameters directly, a usual approach is to infer these values from assignment examples provided by the decision maker (DM), i.e., alternatives for which (s)he specifies a required category. However, assignment examples provided by DMs can be inconsistent, i.e., may not match the sorting model. In such situations, it is necessary to support the DMs in the resolution of this inconsistency. In this paper, we extend algorithms from mous5ejor03 that calculate different ways to remove assignment examples so that the information can be represented in the sorting model. The extension concerns the possibility to relax (rather than to delete) assignment examples. These algorithms incorporate information about the confidence attached to each assignment example, hence providing inconsistency resolutions that the DMs are most likely to accept.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10288-005-0076-
|
Dealing with inconsistent judgments in multiple criteria sorting models
|
dealing with inconsistent judgments in multiple criteria sorting models
|
abstract. sorting consist assigning alternatives ordered categories. implement preference model. fixing usual infer assignment maker i.e. alternatives specifies category. assignment inconsistent i.e. match sorting model. situations inconsistency. extend mous ejor ways remove assignment sorting model. concerns relax delete assignment examples. incorporate confidence attached assignment inconsistency resolutions accept.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"19126035"
] |
144014050
|
10.1007/s10957-007-9231-z
|
Abstract In this paper, an algorithm for solving a mathematical programming problem with complementarity (or equilibrium) constraints (MPEC) is introduced, which uses the active-set methodology while maintaining the complementarity restrictions throughout the procedure. Finite convergence of the algorithm to a strongly stationary point of the MPEC is established under reasonable hypotheses. The algorithm can be easily implemented by adopting any active-set code for nonlinear programming. Computational experience is included to highlight the efficacy of the proposed method in practice.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-007-9231-
|
Complementarity Active-Set Algorithm for Mathematical Programming Problems with Equilibrium Constraints
|
complementarity active-set algorithm for mathematical programming problems with equilibrium constraints
|
solving mathematical programming complementarity mpec methodology maintaining complementarity restrictions procedure. stationary mpec reasonable hypotheses. implemented adopting programming. highlight efficacy practice.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"19126127"
] |
144014145
|
10.1023/A:1006273128228
|
Abstract Somatic embryos of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) were induced from mature zygotic embryos cultured in MS medium supplemented with several concentrations of 2,4-D (2.26 µM – 18.98 µM) or Picloram (2.07 µM – 16.5 µM) combined with 0.087 M or 0.23 M sucrose. For all the concentrations of 2,4-D or Picloram tested, 0.087 M sucrose proved to be more effective than 0.23 M. The best frequencies of induction were obtained in a medium containing 2.26 µM 2,4-D in which 97.3% of the explants produced somatic embryos. Although most embryos were produced from the adaxial side of the cotyledons, some of them differentiated from the hypocotyl. Secondary somatic embryos were often seen arising from the periphery of the former somatic embryos. Somatic embryo development was not synchronous but practically all the embryos germinated well after being transferred to media containing GA3 (0.29, 0.58 and 1.44 µM) alone. When benzyladenine was combined with gibberellic acid, germinating somatic embryos produced adventitious shoot buds which contributed to an increase in plantlet regeneration. Histological observations suggested that somatic embryos arise from the upper surface of the cotyledons probably from peripheral cells. Polyphenol-rich cells were usually seen in association with meristematic-like cells from which somatic embryos originate or with earlier steps of somatic embryo differentiation. Regenerated plants were phenotypically normal, showing a diploid (2n = 22) set of chromosomes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100627312822
|
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in myrtle (Myrtaceae)
|
somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in myrtle (myrtaceae)
|
somatic embryos myrtle myrtus communis mature zygotic embryos cultured supplemented picloram sucrose. picloram sucrose proved explants somatic embryos. embryos adaxial cotyledons differentiated hypocotyl. somatic embryos arising periphery former somatic embryos. somatic embryo synchronous practically embryos germinated transferred alone. benzyladenine gibberellic germinating somatic embryos adventitious shoot buds contributed plantlet regeneration. histological somatic embryos arise cotyledons probably peripheral cells. polyphenol meristematic somatic embryos originate somatic embryo differentiation. regenerated phenotypically diploid chromosomes.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"19126187"
] |
147422224
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.67.024427
|
Raising a transition temperature (Tc) in organic radical ferromagnets is a desire for material scientists. We investigated the pressure effects on an organic radical ferromagnet 2,5-difluorophenyl-ﾎｱ-nitronyl nitroxide (2,5-DFPNN), which has a ferromagnetic transition at 0.45 K. The hydrostatic pressure effects were investigated through measurements of ac magnetic susceptibility (ﾏ・ up to P=1.7 GPa, heat capacity (Cp) up to P=1.5 GPa, and powder x-ray diffraction up to P=4.7 GPa. Furthermore, ac magnetic susceptibility under nonhydrostatic pressure was also measured in the pressure region up to 10.0 GPa. As for 2,5-DFPNN, we observed the pressure-induced enhancement of Tc as dTc/dP=7.9ﾃ・0-2 K/GPa [Tc(P=1.5 GPa)=0.57 K], while other prototypes, the ﾎｲ phase of p-NPNN and p-Cl-C6H4-CH=N-TEMPO show the negative pressure effects. The results for the Cp and the crystal structural analysis suggest that the magnetic dimension of the short-range order developing above Tc transforms from one dimension (a axis) to two dimensions (ac plane) under high pressure. This increase of the magnetic dimension probably promotes to increase Tc. The ferromagnetic signal of ﾏ・ however, decreases with increasing pressure, and finally disappears for P>~5.0 GPa. The decrease seems to originate from the decrease of the ferromagnetic interaction along the b axis. Similar instability of organic ferromagnetic long range order against pressure has been observed for the ﾎｲ phase of p-NPNN and p-Cl-C6H4-CH=N-TEMPO
|
Pressure effects on an organic radical ferromagnet: 2,5-difluorophenyl-a-nitronyl nitroxide
|
pressure effects on an organic radical ferromagnet: 2,5-difluorophenyl-a-nitronyl nitroxide
|
raising radical ferromagnets desire scientists. radical ferromagnet difluorophenyl nitronyl nitroxide dfpnn ferromagnetic hydrostatic susceptibility powder diffraction gpa. susceptibility nonhydrostatic gpa. dfpnn enhancement prototypes npnn tempo effects. transforms pressure. probably promotes ferromagnetic disappears gpa. originate ferromagnetic axis. instability ferromagnetic npnn tempo
|
exact_dup
|
[
"59244354"
] |
147596430
|
10.1007/11550907_134
|
This paper proposes three content-based image classification techniques based on fusing various low-level MPEG-7 visual descriptors. Fusion is necessary as descriptors would be otherwise incompatible and inappropriate to directly include e.g. in a Euclidean distance. Three approaches are described: A “merging” fusion combined with an SVM classifier, a back-propagation fusion combined with a KNN classifier and a Fuzzy-ART neurofuzzy network. In the latter case, fuzzy rules can be extracted in an effort to bridge the “semantic gap” between the low-level descriptors and the high-level semantics of an image. All networks were evaluated using content from the repository of the aceMedia project1 and more specifically in a beach/urban scene classification problem
|
Fusing MPEG-7 visual descriptors for image classification
|
fusing mpeg-7 visual descriptors for image classification
|
proposes fusing mpeg descriptors. fusion descriptors incompatible inappropriate e.g. euclidean distance. “merging” fusion classifier propagation fusion classifier fuzzy neurofuzzy network. fuzzy effort bridge “semantic gap” descriptors semantics image. repository acemedia beach scene
|
exact_dup
|
[
"11308239"
] |
147597391
|
10.1007/s00280-005-0148-7
|
Cisplatin produces good responses in solid tumours including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but this is limited by the development of resistance. Oxaliplatin is reported to show activity against some cisplatin-resistant cancers but there is little known about oxaliplatin in SCLC and there are no reports of oxaliplatin resistant SCLC cell lines. Studies of drug resistance mainly focus on the cellular resistance mechanisms rather than how the cells develop resistance. This study examines the development of cisplatin and oxaliplatin resistance in H69 human SCLC cells in response to repeated treatment with clinically relevant doses of cisplatin or oxaliplatin for either 4 days or 2h. Treatments with 200ng/ml cisplatin or 400ng/ml oxaliplatin for 4 days produced sublines (H69CIS200 and H69OX400 respectively) that showed low level (approximately 2-fold) resistance after 8 treatments. Treatments with 1000ng/ml cisplatin or 2000ng/ml oxaliplatin for 2h also produced sublines, however these were not stably resistant suggesting shorter treatment pulses of drug may be more effective. Cells survived the first five treatments without any increase in resistance, by arresting their growth for a period and then regrowing. The period of growth arrest was reduced after the sixth treatment and the H69CIS200 and H69OX400 sublines showed a reduced growth arrest in response to cisplatin and oxaliplatin treatment suggesting that "regrowth resistance" initially protected against drug treatment and this was further upregulated and became part of the resistance phenotype of these sublines. Oxaliplatin dose escalation produced more surviving sublines than cisplatin dose escalation but neither set of sublines were associated with increased resistance as determined by 5-day cytotoxicity assays, also suggesting the involvement of regrowth resistance. The resistant sublines showed no change in platinum accumulation or glutathione levels even though the H69OX400 subline was more sensitive to buthionine sulfoximine treatment. The H69CIS200 cells were cross-resistant to oxaliplatin demonstrating that oxaliplatin does not have activity against low level cisplatin resistance. Relative to the H69 cells, the H69CIS200 and H69OX400 sublines were more sensitive to paclitaxel and taxotere suggests the taxanes may be useful in the treatment of platinum resistant SCLC. These novel cellular models of cisplatin and oxaliplatin resistant SCLC will be useful in developing strategies to treat platinum-resistant SCLC
|
Oxaliplatin induces drug resistance more rapidly than cisplatin in H69 small cell lung cancer cells
|
oxaliplatin induces drug resistance more rapidly than cisplatin in h69 small cell lung cancer cells
|
cisplatin produces tumours sclc resistance. oxaliplatin cisplatin resistant cancers oxaliplatin sclc oxaliplatin resistant sclc lines. resistance. examines cisplatin oxaliplatin sclc repeated clinically doses cisplatin oxaliplatin treatments cisplatin oxaliplatin sublines treatments. treatments cisplatin oxaliplatin sublines stably resistant shorter pulses effective. survived treatments arresting regrowing. arrest sixth sublines arrest cisplatin oxaliplatin regrowth initially protected upregulated became phenotype sublines. oxaliplatin escalation surviving sublines cisplatin escalation neither sublines cytotoxicity assays involvement regrowth resistance. resistant sublines platinum accumulation glutathione subline buthionine sulfoximine treatment. resistant oxaliplatin demonstrating oxaliplatin cisplatin resistance. sublines paclitaxel taxotere taxanes platinum resistant sclc. cisplatin oxaliplatin resistant sclc treat platinum resistant sclc
|
exact_dup
|
[
"11308666"
] |
147597406
|
10.1007/978-3-540-89900-6_13
|
Large amounts of jihadi video content on YouTube along with the vast array of relational data that can be gathered opens up innovative avenues for exploration of the support base for political violence. This exploratory study analyses the online supporters of jihad-promoting video content on YouTube, focusing on those posting and commenting upon martyr-promoting material from Iraq. Findings suggest that a majority are under 35 years of age and resident outside the region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) with the largest percentage of supporters located in the United States. Evidence to support the potential for online radicalisation is presented. Findings relating to newly formed virtual relationships involving a YouTube user with no apparent prior links to jihadists are discussed
|
Jihadi video and auto-radicalisation: evidence from an exploratory YouTube study
|
jihadi video and auto-radicalisation: evidence from an exploratory youtube study
|
amounts jihadi video youtube vast array relational gathered opens innovative avenues exploration violence. exploratory supporters jihad promoting video youtube focusing posting commenting martyr promoting iraq. majority resident east africa mena supporters states. radicalisation presented. relating newly virtual involving youtube apparent links jihadists
|
exact_dup
|
[
"11308681"
] |
147607591
|
10.1007/978-3-319-14442-9_34
|
As of very recently, we have observed a convergence of technologies that have led to the emergence of lifelogging as a potentially pervasive technology with many real-world use cases. While it is becoming easier to gather massive lifelog data archives with wearable cameras and sensors, there are still challenges in developing effective retrieval systems. One such challenge is in gathering annotations to support user access or machine learning tasks in an effective and efficient manner. In this work, we demonstrate a web-based annotation system for sensory and visual lifelog data and show it in operation on a large archive of nearly 1 million lifelog images and 27 semantic concepts in 4 categories
|
MemLog, an enhanced Lifelog annotation and search tool
|
memlog, an enhanced lifelog annotation and search tool
|
technologies emergence lifelogging potentially pervasive cases. becoming easier gather massive lifelog archives wearable cameras sensors challenges retrieval systems. challenge gathering annotations machine tasks manner. annotation sensory lifelog archive nearly million lifelog semantic concepts categories
|
exact_dup
|
[
"30934323"
] |
148655164
|
10.1007/978-3-540-85760-0_75
|
This paper describes the participation of MIRACLE research consortium at the ImageCLEF Medical Image Annotation task of ImageCLEF 2007. Our areas of expertise do not include image analysis, thus we approach this task as a machine-learning problem, regardless of the domain. FIRE is used as a black-box algorithm to extract different groups of image features that are later used for training different classifiers based on kNN algorithm in order to predict the IRMA code. The main idea behind the definition of our experiments is to evaluate whether an axis-by-axis prediction is better than a prediction by pairs of axes or the complete code, or vice versa
|
MIRACLE at ImageCLEFanot 2007: Machine Learning Experiments on Medical Image Annotation
|
miracle at imageclefanot 2007: machine learning experiments on medical image annotation
|
describes participation miracle consortium imageclef annotation imageclef expertise machine regardless domain. fire extract classifiers predict irma code. behind axes vice versa
|
exact_dup
|
[
"11993843"
] |
148658449
|
10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.013
|
The synthesis of AlNi from thermally activated equimolar powder mixtures of aluminium and nickel was monitored in situ and acquired diffraction patterns every 2 s or less. The analysis of diffraction patterns permitted establishment of its kinetics, which could be modeled according to an equation expressed as kt=[α/(1-α)]3/2. From 1530 to an activation energy of 9 ± 2 kJ mol−1 was estimated. Also, the crystallite size evolution on cooling was established to vary from ≈14 nm at 1530 °C to ≈28 nm at 180 °C. Finally, the reaction was found to occur through the melting of aluminium and the subsequent dissolving of nickel to form the polycrystalline single-phase product, AlNi
|
The Thermal Explosion Synthesis of AlNi Monitored by Neutron Thermodiffractometry
|
the thermal explosion synthesis of alni monitored by neutron thermodiffractometry
|
alni thermally equimolar powder mixtures aluminium nickel monitored situ acquired diffraction less. diffraction permitted establishment kinetics modeled mol− estimated. crystallite cooling vary melting aluminium dissolving nickel polycrystalline alni
|
exact_dup
|
[
"11997127"
] |
148659096
|
10.1016/j.talanta.2005.08.004
|
A procedure for arsenic species fractionation in alga samples (Sargassum fulvellum, Chlorella vulgaris, Hizikia fusiformis and Laminaria digitata) by extraction is described. Several parameters were tested in order to evaluate the extraction efficiency of the process: extraction medium, nature and concentration (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, phosphoric acid, deionised water and water/methanol mixtures), extraction time and physical treatment (magnetic stirring, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic focussed probe). The extraction yield of arsenic under the different conditions was evaluated by determining the total arsenic content in the extracts by ICP-AES. Arsenic compounds were extracted in 5 mL of water by focussed sonication for 30 s and subsequent centrifugation at 14,000 × g for 10 min. The process was repeated three times. Extraction studies show that soluble arsenic compounds account for about 65% of total arsenic.\ud
\ud
An ultrafiltration process was used as a clean-up method for chromatographic analysis, and also allowed us to determine the extracted arsenic fraction with a molecular weight lower than 10 kDa, which accounts for about 100% for all samples analysed.\ud
\ud
Speciation studies were carried out by HPLC–ICP-AES. Arsenic species were separated on a Hamilton PRP-X100 column with 17 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5.5 and 1.0 mL min−1 flow rate. The chromatographic method allowed us to separate the species As(III), As(V), MMA and DMA in less than 13 min, with detection limits of about 20 ng of arsenic per species, for a sample injection volume of 100 μL. The chromatographic analysis allowed us to identify As(V) in Hizikia (46 ± 2 μg g−1), Sargassum (38 ± 2 μg g−1) and Chlorella (9 ± 1 μg g−1) samples. The species DMA was also found in Chlorella alga (13 ± 1 μg g−1). However, in Laminaria alga only an unknown arsenic species was detected, which eluted in the dead volum
|
Optimisation of sample treatment for arsenic speciation in alga samples by focussed sonication and ultrafiltration
|
optimisation of sample treatment for arsenic speciation in alga samples by focussed sonication and ultrafiltration
|
arsenic fractionation alga sargassum fulvellum chlorella vulgaris hizikia fusiformis laminaria digitata extraction described. extraction extraction tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane phosphoric deionised methanol mixtures extraction stirring ultrasonic bath ultrasonic focussed extraction arsenic determining arsenic extracts aes. arsenic focussed sonication centrifugation min. repeated times. extraction soluble arsenic arsenic. ultrafiltration clean chromatographic arsenic accounts analysed. speciation hplc–icp aes. arsenic separated hamilton phosphate min− rate. chromatographic arsenic injection chromatographic hizikia sargassum chlorella samples. chlorella alga laminaria alga unknown arsenic eluted dead volum
|
exact_dup
|
[
"11997812"
] |
148662369
|
10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.09.108
|
One of the key steps to achieve high efficiencies in amorphous/crystalline silicon photovoltaic structures is to design low-ohmic-resistance backcontacts with good passivation in the rear part of the cell. A well known approach to achieve this goal is to use laser-fired contact (LFC) processes in which a metal layer is fired through the dielectric to define good contacts with the semiconductor. However, and despite the fact that this approach has demonstrated to be extremely successful, there is still enough room for process improvement with an appropriate optimization. In this paper, a study focused on the optimal adjustment of the irradiation parameters to produce laser-fired contacts in a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctionsolarcells is presented. We used samples consisting of crystalline-silicon (c-Si) wafers together with a passivation layer of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H(i)) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical deposition (PECVD). Then, an aluminum layer was evaporated on both sides, the thickness of this layer varied from 0.2 to 1 μm in order to identify the optimal amount of Al required to create an appropriate contact. A q-switched Nd:YVO4laser source, λ = 532 nm, was used to locally fire the aluminum through the thin a-Si:H(i)-layers to form the LFC. The effects of laser fluences were analyzed using a comprehensive morphological and electrical characterization
|
Optimization of laser-firing processes for silicon-heterojunction solar-cell back contacts
|
optimization of laser-firing processes for silicon-heterojunction solar-cell back contacts
|
efficiencies amorphous crystalline silicon photovoltaic ohmic backcontacts passivation rear cell. goal fired fired dielectric contacts semiconductor. extremely successful room optimization. focused adjustment irradiation fired contacts heterojunctionsolarcells presented. consisting crystalline silicon wafers passivation intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposited deposition pecvd aluminum evaporated sides varied create contact. switched locally fire aluminum lfc. fluences comprehensive morphological electrical
|
exact_dup
|
[
"12001045"
] |
148662405
|
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.058
|
Image analysis could be a useful tool for investigating the spatial patterns of apparent soil moisture at multiple resolutions. The objectives of the present work were (i) to define apparent soil moisture patterns from vertical planes of Vertisol pit images and (ii) to describe the scaling of apparent soil moisture distribution using fractal parameters. Twelve soil pits (0.70 m long × 0.60 m width × 0.30 m depth) were excavated on a bare Mazic Pellic Vertisol. Six of them were excavated in April/2011 and six pits were established in May/2011 after 3 days of a moderate rainfall event. Digital photographs were taken from each Vertisol pit using a Kodak™ digital camera. The mean image size was 1600 × 945 pixels with one physical pixel ≈373 μm of the photographed soil pit. Each soil image was analyzed using two fractal scaling exponents, box counting (capacity) dimension (DBC) and interface fractal dimension (Di), and three prefractal scaling coefficients, the total number of boxes intercepting the foreground pattern at a unit scale (A), fractal lacunarity at the unit scale (Λ1) and Shannon entropy at the unit scale (S1). All the scaling parameters identified significant differences between both sets of spatial patterns. Fractal lacunarity was the best discriminator between apparent soil moisture patterns. Soil image interpretation with fractal exponents and prefractal coefficients can be incorporated within a site-specific agriculture toolbox. While fractal exponents convey information on space filling characteristics of the pattern, prefractal coefficients represent the investigated soil property as seen through a higher resolution microscope. In spite of some computational and practical limitations, image analysis of apparent soil moisture patterns could be used in connection with traditional soil moisture sampling, which always renders punctual estimate
|
Fractal scaling of apparent soil moisture estimated from vertical planes of Vertisol pit images
|
fractal scaling of apparent soil moisture estimated from vertical planes of vertisol pit images
|
investigating apparent moisture resolutions. objectives apparent moisture planes vertisol apparent moisture fractal parameters. twelve pits excavated bare mazic pellic vertisol. excavated april pits moderate rainfall event. digital photographs vertisol kodak™ digital camera. pixels pixel photographed pit. fractal exponents counting fractal prefractal boxes intercepting foreground fractal lacunarity shannon patterns. fractal lacunarity discriminator apparent moisture patterns. fractal exponents prefractal incorporated agriculture toolbox. fractal exponents convey filling prefractal microscope. spite practical limitations apparent moisture connection traditional moisture renders punctual
|
exact_dup
|
[
"12001093"
] |
148662514
|
10.1007/s00425-002-0868-4
|
An HPLC/GC–MS/MS technique (high-pressure liquid chromatography in combination with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry) has been worked out to analyze indole-3-acetamide (IAM) with very high sensitivity, using isotopically labelled IAM as an internal standard. Using this technique, the occurrence of IAM in sterile-grown Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was demonstrated unequivocally. In comparison, plants grown under non-sterile conditions in soil in a greenhouse showed approximately 50% higher average levels of IAM, but the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, microbial contributions to the IAM extracted from the tissue are likely to be minor. Levels of IAM in sterile-grown seedlings were highest in imbibed seeds and then sharply declined during the first 24 h of germination and further during early seedling development to remain below 20–30 pmol g–1 fresh weight throughout the rosette stage. The decline in indole-3-aetic acid (IAA) levels during germination was paralleled by a similar decline in IAM levels. Recombinant nitrilase isoforms 1, 2 and 3, known to synthesize IAA from indole-3-acetonitrile, were shown to produce significant amounts of IAM in vitro as a second end product of the reaction besides IAA. NIT2 was earlier shown to be highly expressed in developing and in mature A. thaliana embryos, and NIT3 is the dominantly active gene in the hypocotyl and the cotyledons of young, germinating seedlings. Collectively, these data suggest that the elevated levels of IAM in seeds and germinating seedlings result from nitrilase action on indole-3-acetonitrile, a metabolite produced in the plants presumably from glucobrassicin turnover
|
Occurrence and formation of indole-3-acetamide in Arabidopsis thaliana
|
occurrence and formation of indole-3-acetamide in arabidopsis thaliana
|
hplc gc–ms chromatography chromatography–tandem spectrometry worked analyze indole acetamide isotopically labelled standard. occurrence sterile grown arabidopsis thaliana heynh. unequivocally. grown sterile greenhouse statistically significant. microbial minor. sterile grown seedlings imbibed seeds sharply declined germination seedling pmol fresh rosette stage. decline indole aetic germination paralleled decline levels. recombinant nitrilase isoforms synthesize indole acetonitrile amounts besides iaa. mature thaliana embryos dominantly hypocotyl cotyledons germinating seedlings. collectively elevated seeds germinating seedlings nitrilase indole acetonitrile metabolite presumably glucobrassicin turnover
|
exact_dup
|
[
"12001202"
] |
148663505
|
10.1016/j.ipm.2011.03.007
|
Recommender systems play an important role in reducing the negative impact of informa- tion overload on those websites where users have the possibility of voting for their prefer- ences on items. The most normal technique for dealing with the recommendation mechanism is to use collaborative filtering, in which it is essential to discover the most similar users to whom you desire to make recommendations. The hypothesis of this paper is that the results obtained by applying traditional similarities measures can be improved by taking contextual information, drawn from the entire body of users, and using it to cal- culate the singularity which exists, for each item, in the votes cast by each pair of users that you wish to compare. As such, the greater the measure of singularity result between the votes cast by two given users, the greater the impact this will have on the similarity. The results, tested on the Movielens, Netflix and FilmAffinity databases, corroborate the excellent behaviour of the singularity measure proposed
|
A collaborative filtering similarity measure based on singularities.
|
a collaborative filtering similarity measure based on singularities.
|
recommender reducing informa overload websites voting prefer ences items. dealing recommendation collaborative filtering discover desire recommendations. traditional similarities contextual drawn culate singularity item votes cast wish compare. singularity votes cast similarity. movielens netflix filmaffinity databases corroborate excellent singularity
|
exact_dup
|
[
"16671635"
] |
148665887
|
10.1007/978-3-642-35395-6
|
Primary-care pediatricians could play a key role in early detection of development disorders as quick as they might have enough time and knowledge for suitable screenings at clinical routine. This research paper focuses on the development and validation of a knowledge-based web tool whose aim is to support a smart detection of developmental disorders in early childhood. Thus, the use of the system can trigger the necessary preventive and therapeutic actions from birth until the age of six. The platform was designed on the basis of an analysis of significant 21 cases of children with language disorders that supported the creation of a specific knowledge base, its ontology and a set of description logic relations. The resulting system is being validated in a scalable approach with a team of seven experts from the fields of neonathology, pediatrics, neurology and language therapy
|
Validation tool for smart screening of language disorders in pediatrics care
|
validation tool for smart screening of language disorders in pediatrics care
|
pediatricians disorders quick screenings routine. focuses validation smart developmental disorders childhood. trigger preventive therapeutic birth six. platform disorders creation ontology logic relations. validated scalable team seven experts neonathology pediatrics neurology
|
exact_dup
|
[
"20051808"
] |
148666898
|
10.1016/j.media.2013.09.002
|
Accurate detection of liver lesions is of great importance in hepatic surgery planning. Recent studies have shown that the detection rate of liver lesions is significantly higher in gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd–EOB–DTPA-enhanced MRI) than in contrast-enhanced portal-phase computed tomography (CT); however, the latter remains essential because of its high specificity, good performance in estimating liver volumes and better vessel visibility. To characterize liver lesions using both the above image modalities, we propose a multimodal nonrigid registration framework using organ-focused mutual information (OF-MI). This proposal tries to improve mutual information (MI) based registration by adding spatial information, benefiting from the availability of expert liver segmentation in clinical protocols. The incorporation of an additional information channel containing liver segmentation information was studied. A dataset of real clinical images and simulated images was used in the validation process. A Gd–EOB–DTPA-enhanced MRI simulation framework is presented. To evaluate results, warping index errors were calculated for the simulated data, and landmark-based and surface-based errors were calculated for the real data. An improvement of the registration accuracy for OF-MI as compared with MI was found for both simulated and real datasets. Statistical significance of the difference was tested and confirmed in the simulated dataset (p < 0.01)
|
Organ-focused mutual information for nonrigid multimodal registration of liver CT and Gd–EOB–DTPA-enhanced MRI
|
organ-focused mutual information for nonrigid multimodal registration of liver ct and gd–eob–dtpa-enhanced mri
|
lesions great hepatic planning. lesions gadoxetic gd–eob–dtpa portal tomography specificity estimating volumes vessel visibility. characterize lesions modalities propose multimodal nonrigid registration organ focused mutual proposal tries mutual registration adding benefiting availability expert segmentation protocols. incorporation segmentation studied. dataset validation process. gd–eob–dtpa presented. warping landmark data. registration datasets. confirmed dataset
|
exact_dup
|
[
"19588919"
] |
148669012
|
10.1016/j.msec2013.02.001
|
The present study investigates the potential use of non-catalyzed water-soluble blocked polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) as a bifunctional cross-linker for collagenous scaffolds. The effect of concentration (5, 10, 15 and 20%), time (4, 6, 12 and 24 h), medium volume (50, 100, 200 and 300%) and pH (7.4, 8.2, 9 and 10) over stability, microstructure and tensile mechanical behavior of acellular pericardial matrix was studied. The cross-linking index increased up to 81% while the denaturation temperature increased up to 12 °C after PUP crosslinking. PUP-treated scaffold resisted the collagenase degradation (0.167 ± 0.14 mmol/g of liberated amine groups vs. 598 ± 60 mmol/g for non-cross-linked matrix). The collagen fiber network was coated with PUP while viscoelastic properties were altered after cross-linking. The treatment of the pericardial scaffold with PUP allows (i) different densities of cross-linking depending of the process parameters and (ii) tensile properties similar to glutaraldehyde method
|
Stability and mechanical evaluation of bovine pericardium cross-linked with polyurethane prepolymer in aqueous medium
|
stability and mechanical evaluation of bovine pericardium cross-linked with polyurethane prepolymer in aqueous medium
|
investigates catalyzed soluble blocked polyurethane prepolymer bifunctional linker collagenous scaffolds. microstructure tensile acellular pericardial studied. linking denaturation crosslinking. scaffold resisted collagenase degradation mmol liberated amine mmol collagen fiber coated viscoelastic altered linking. pericardial scaffold densities linking tensile glutaraldehyde
|
exact_dup
|
[
"33171742"
] |
148672916
|
10.1016/j.jsv.2014.02.030
|
Transverse galloping is a type of aeroelastic instability characterized by oscillations perpendicular to wind direction, large amplitude and low frequency, which appears in some elastic two-dimensional bluff bodies when they are subjected to an incident flow, provided that the flow velocity exceeds a threshold critical value. Understanding the galloping phenomenon of different cross-sectional geometries is important in a number of engineering applications: for energy harvesting applications the interest relies on strongly unstable configurations but in other cases the purpose is to avoid this type of aeroelastic phenomenon. In this paper the aim is to analyze the transverse galloping behavior of rhombic bodies to understand, on the one hand, the dependence of the instability with a geometrical parameter such as the relative thickness and, on the other hand, why this cross-section shape, that is generally unstable, shows a small range of relative thickness values where it is stable. Particularly, the non-galloping rhombus-shaped prism?s behavior is revised through wind tunnel experiments. The bodies are allowed to freely move perpendicularly to the incoming flow and the amplitude of movement and pressure distributions on the surfaces is measured
|
Transverse galloping of two-dimensional bodies having a rhombic cross-section
|
transverse galloping of two-dimensional bodies having a rhombic cross-section
|
galloping aeroelastic instability oscillations perpendicular elastic bluff bodies subjected incident exceeds value. galloping phenomenon sectional geometries harvesting relies unstable configurations avoid aeroelastic phenomenon. analyze galloping rhombic bodies instability geometrical unstable stable. galloping rhombus shaped prism revised tunnel experiments. bodies freely move perpendicularly incoming movement
|
exact_dup
|
[
"33175526"
] |
148674065
|
10.1017/hpl.2014.42
|
A numerical method providing the optimal laser intensity profiles for a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion scheme has been developed. The method provides an alternative approach to phase-space optimization studies, which can prove computationally expensive. The method applies to a generic irradiation configuration characterized by an arbitrary number NB of laser beams provided that they irradiate the whole target surface, and thus goes beyond previous analyses limited to symmetric configurations. The calculated laser intensity profiles optimize the illumination of a spherical target. This paper focuses on description of the method, which uses two steps: first, the target irradiation is calculated for initial trial laser intensities, and then in a second step the optimal laser intensities are obtained by correcting the trial intensities using the calculated illumination. A limited number of example applications to direct drive on the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) are described
|
Optimal laser intensity profiles for a uniform target illumination in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion
|
optimal laser intensity profiles for a uniform target illumination in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion
|
drive inertial confinement fusion developed. computationally expensive. applies generic irradiation beams irradiate goes configurations. optimize illumination spherical target. focuses irradiation intensities intensities correcting intensities illumination. drive megajoule
|
exact_dup
|
[
"33176048"
] |
148674208
|
10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.003
|
In this paper we review simulation and experimental studies of thermal capillary wave fluctuations as an ideal means for probing the underlying disjoining pressure and surface tensions, and more generally, fine details of the Interfacial Hamiltonian Model. We discuss recent simulation results that reveal a film-height-dependent surface tension not accounted for in the classical Interfacial Hamiltonian Model. We show how this observation may be explained bottom-up from sound principles of statistical thermodynamics and discuss some of its implication
|
Disjoining pressure and the film-height-dependent surface tension of thin liquid films: New insight from capillary wave fluctuations
|
disjoining pressure and the film-height-dependent surface tension of thin liquid films: new insight from capillary wave fluctuations
|
capillary ideal probing disjoining tensions fine interfacial model. reveal film tension accounted interfacial model. sound principles thermodynamics implication
|
exact_dup
|
[
"33176180"
] |
148683791
|
10.1016/j.bspc.2014.09.006
|
Parkinson is a neurodegenerative disease, in which tremor is the main symptom. This paper investigates the use of different classification methods to identify tremors experienced by Parkinsonian patients. Some previous research has focussed tremor analysis on external body signals (e.g., electromyography, accelerometer signals, etc.). Our advantage is that we have access to sub-cortical data, which facilitates the applicability of the obtained results into real medical devices since we are dealing with brain signals directly.\ud
\ud
Local field potentials (LFP) were recorded in the subthalamic nucleus of 7 Parkinsonian patients through the implanted electrodes of a deep brain stimulation (DBS) device prior to its internalization. Measured LFP signals were preprocessed by means of splinting, down sampling, filtering, normalization and rectification. Then, feature extraction was conducted through a multi-level decomposition via a wavelet transform. Finally, artificial intelligence techniques were applied to feature selection, clustering of tremor types, and tremor detection.\ud
\ud
The key contribution of this paper is to present initial results which indicate, to a high degree of certainty, that there appear to be two distinct subgroups of patients within the group-1 of patients according to the Consensus Statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Such results may well lead to different resultant treatments for the patients involved, depending on how their tremor has been classified.\ud
\ud
Moreover, we propose a new approach for demand driven stimulation, in which tremor detection is also based on the subtype of tremor the patient has. Applying this knowledge to the tremor detection problem, it can be concluded that the results improve when patient clustering is applied prior to detection
|
Resting tremor classification and detection in Parkinson's disease patients
|
resting tremor classification and detection in parkinson's disease patients
|
parkinson neurodegenerative tremor symptom. investigates tremors experienced parkinsonian patients. focussed tremor e.g. electromyography accelerometer etc. advantage cortical facilitates applicability devices dealing directly. potentials subthalamic nucleus parkinsonian implanted electrodes stimulation internalization. preprocessed splinting filtering normalization rectification. extraction decomposition wavelet transform. artificial intelligence clustering tremor tremor detection. certainty subgroups consensus statement movement disorder tremor. resultant treatments tremor classified. propose stimulation tremor subtype tremor has. tremor concluded clustering
|
exact_dup
|
[
"84138651"
] |
150211764
|
10.1002/jbm.a.35455
|
Producción CientíficaIn this work, well-defined elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) were studied as a choice to the existing nonviral vectors due to their biocompatibility and ease of scale-up. Functional motifs, namely penetratin and LAEL fusogenic peptides were incorporated into a basic ELR sequence, and imidazole groups were subsequently covalently bound obtaining ELRs with new functionalities. Stable polyplexes composed of plasmid DNA and ELRs were formed. A particle size around 200 nm and a zeta potential up to nearly +24 mV made them suitable for gene delivery purposes. Additionally, viability and transfection assays with C6 rat glioma cell line showed an increase in the cellular uptake and transfection levels for the construction containing the LAEL motif. This study highlights the importance of controlling the polymer functionality using recombinant techniques and establishes the utility of ELRs as biocompatible nonviral systems for gene-therapy applications.ERDF Funding from the EU and MINECO; contract grant number: MAT2010-15982FCCI Subprogram: Modality ACI-COLABORA Spain-India 2010-2012; contract grant numbers: MAT2010-15310, PRIPIBAR- 2011-1403, MAT2012-38043, and MAT2013-41723-RJCyL; contract grant numbers: VA049A11, VA152A12, and VA155A12CIBER-BBN, JCyL, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III under the “Network Center of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy of Castilla and Leon” and DST (Indo-Spanish), (New Delhi
|
Elastin-like recombinamers with acquired functionalities for gene-delivery applications
|
elastin-like recombinamers with acquired functionalities for gene-delivery applications
|
producción científicain elastin recombinamers elrs nonviral biocompatibility ease motifs penetratin lael fusogenic peptides incorporated imidazole subsequently covalently obtaining elrs functionalities. polyplexes composed plasmid elrs formed. zeta nearly delivery purposes. additionally viability transfection assays glioma uptake transfection lael motif. highlights controlling polymer functionality recombinant establishes utility elrs biocompatible nonviral applications.erdf funding mineco contract fcci subprogram modality colabora spain india contract pripibar rjcyl contract ciber jcyl instituto salud carlos “network regenerative castilla leon” indo spanish delhi
|
exact_dup
|
[
"80526883"
] |
151437851
|
10.1029/2008GL033468/abstract
|
A neural network pattern recognition approach called self-organizing map (SOM) has been used to examine the impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on intraseasonal zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. This study shows that during negative IOD events the intraseasonal zonal currents are mostly dominated by the first two modes. On the other hand, contributions from the higher modes to the intraseasonal zonal current significantly increase during positive IOD events. This is attributed to the change in the background stratification associated with the IOD events; the sharp pycnocline in the eastern basin during the positive IOD events causes the wind forcing to project more onto the higher modes
|
Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole on intraseasonal zonal currents at 90°E on the equator as revealed by self-organizing map
|
impact of indian ocean dipole on intraseasonal zonal currents at 90°e on the equator as revealed by self-organizing map
|
recognition organizing examine indian ocean dipole intraseasonal zonal currents eastern equatorial indian ocean. intraseasonal zonal currents mostly dominated modes. intraseasonal zonal events. attributed stratification sharp pycnocline eastern basin forcing
|
exact_dup
|
[
"48594069"
] |
15157450
|
10.1038/tp.2012.95
|
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness characterized by low mood and loss of interest in pleasurable activities. Despite years of effort, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified few susceptibility variants or genes that are robustly associated with MDD. Standard single-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)-based GWAS analysis typically has limited power to deal with the extensive heterogeneity and substantial polygenic contribution of individually weak genetic effects underlying the pathogenesis of MDD. Here, we report an alternative, gene-set-based association analysis of MDD in an effort to identify groups of biologically related genetic variants that are involved in the same molecular function or cellular processes and exhibit a significant level of aggregated association with MDD. In particular, we used a text-mining-based data analysis to prioritize candidate gene sets implicated in MDD and conducted a multi-locus association analysis to look for enriched signals of nominally associated MDD susceptibility loci within each of the gene sets. Our primary analysis is based on the meta-analysis of three large MDD GWAS data sets (total N = 4346 cases and 4430 controls). After correction for multiple testing, we found that genes involved in glutamatergic synaptic neurotransmission were significantly associated with MDD (set-based association P = 6.9 X 10(-4)). This result is consistent with previous studies that support a role of the glutamatergic system in synaptic plasticity and MDD and support the potential utility of targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission in the treatment of MDD
|
Multi-locus genome-wide association analysis supports the role of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the etiology of major depressive disorder
|
multi-locus genome-wide association analysis supports the role of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the etiology of major depressive disorder
|
depressive disorder psychiatric illness mood pleasurable activities. effort gwas susceptibility variants robustly mdd. nucleotide polymorphism gwas deal extensive heterogeneity substantial polygenic individually pathogenesis mdd. effort biologically variants exhibit aggregated mdd. mining prioritize candidate implicated locus look enriched nominally susceptibility loci sets. meta gwas glutamatergic synaptic neurotransmission glutamatergic synaptic plasticity utility targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission
|
exact_dup
|
[
"28942896"
] |
152093657
|
10.1016/j.nima.2009.09.071
|
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A - In press.Nuclear reaction cross sections of short-lived nuclei are key inputs for new generation nuclear reactor simulations and for models describing the nucleosynthesis of elements. After discussing various topics of nuclear astrophysics and reactor physics where the demand of nuclear data on unstable nuclei is strong, we describe the general characteristics of the targets needed to measure the requested data. In some cases the half-life of the nucleus of interest is so short that it is not possible to produce a target and perform the measurement. However, some alternative methods have been developed that allow one to obtain neutron-induced cross sections of highly radioactive nuclei. One of these methods is the surrogate reaction technique. We explain the principle of the surrogate method and describe the characteristics of the targets used in surrogate experiments
|
Radioactive target needs for nuclear reactor physics and nuclear astrophysics
|
radioactive target needs for nuclear reactor physics and nuclear astrophysics
|
instruments press.nuclear lived nuclei inputs reactor describing nucleosynthesis elements. discussing topics astrophysics reactor unstable nuclei targets requested data. nucleus measurement. neutron radioactive nuclei. surrogate technique. surrogate targets surrogate
|
exact_dup
|
[
"46770775"
] |
154275082
|
10.1007/s10544-015-0014-2
|
Blood flow presents several interesting phenomena in microcirculation that can be used to develop microfluidic devices capable to promote blood cells separation and analysis in continuous flow. In the last decade there have been numerous microfluidic studies focused on the deformation of red blood cells (RBCs) flowing through geometries mimicking microvessels. In contrast, studies focusing on the deformation of white blood cells (WBCs) are scarce despite this phenomenon often happens in the microcirculation. In this work, we present a novel integrative microfluidic device able to perform continuous separation of a desired amount of blood cells, without clogging or jamming, and at the same time, capable to assess the deformation index (DI) of both WBCs and RBCs. To determine the DI of both WBCs and RBCs, a hyperbolic converging microchannel was used, as well as a suitable image analysis technique to measure the DIs of these blood cells along the regions of interest. The results show that the WBCs have a much lower deformability than RBCs when subjected to the same in vitro flow conditions, which is directly related to their cytoskeleton and nucleus contents. The proposed strategy can be easily transformed into a simple and inexpensive diagnostic microfluidic system to simultaneously separate and assess blood cells deformability.The authors acknowledge the financial support
provided by PTDC/SAU-ENB/116929/2010 and EXPL/EMS-SIS/
2215/2013 from FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), COMPETE,
QREN and European Union (FEDER). R. O. Rodrigues, D. Pinho
and V. Faustino acknowledge respectively, the PhD scholarships
SFRH/BD/97658/2013, SFRH/BD/89077/2012 and SFRH/BD/99696/
2014 granted by FCT. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ângela
Fernandes for providing the blood samples and Dr. Ricardo Calhelha for
supplying the tissue culture medium used in this work.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
|
A simple microfluidic device for the deformability assessment of blood cells in a continuous flow
|
a simple microfluidic device for the deformability assessment of blood cells in a continuous flow
|
presents phenomena microcirculation microfluidic devices capable promote flow. decade numerous microfluidic focused deformation rbcs flowing geometries mimicking microvessels. focusing deformation wbcs scarce phenomenon happens microcirculation. integrative microfluidic desired clogging jamming capable deformation wbcs rbcs. wbcs rbcs hyperbolic converging microchannel interest. wbcs deformability rbcs subjected cytoskeleton nucleus contents. transformed inexpensive diagnostic microfluidic simultaneously deformability.the acknowledge ptdc expl fundação para ciência tecnologia compete qren union feder rodrigues pinho faustino acknowledge scholarships sfrh sfrh sfrh granted fct. ângela fernandes ricardo calhelha supplying work.info repo semantics publishedversio
|
exact_dup
|
[
"153417157"
] |
159843741
|
10.1007/s11136-011-9877-8
|
Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Purpose: To examine the psychometric properties of the 9-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) using a Rasch model application.
Methods: A convenience sample of HIV-infected adults was recruited, and a subset of the sample was assessed at 6-month intervals for 2 years. Socio-demographic, clinical, and symptom data were collected by self-report questionnaires. CD4 T-cell count and viral load measures were obtained from medical records. The Rasch analysis included 316 participants with 698 valid questionnaires.
Results: FSS item 2 did not advanced monotonically, and items 1 and 2 did not show acceptable goodness-of-fit to the Rasch model. A reduced FSS 7-item version demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit and explained 61.2% of the total variance in the scale. In the FSS-7 item version, no uniform Differential Item Functioning was found in relation to time of evaluation or to any of the socio-demographic or clinical variables.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the FSS-7 has better psychometric properties than the FSS-9 in this HIV sample and that responses to the different items are comparable over time and unrelated to socio-demographic and clinical variables
|
A 7-item version of the fatigue severity scale has better psychometric properties among HIV-infected adults : an application of a Rasch model
|
a 7-item version of the fatigue severity scale has better psychometric properties among hiv-infected adults : an application of a rasch model
|
erworben rahmen schweizer nationallizenzen examine psychometric item fatigue severity rasch application. convenience adults recruited month intervals years. socio demographic symptom questionnaires. count viral records. rasch valid questionnaires. item advanced monotonically items acceptable goodness rasch model. item acceptable goodness scale. item item functioning socio demographic variables. psychometric items comparable unrelated socio demographic
|
exact_dup
|
[
"160247595"
] |
160113984
|
10.1007/s11229-017-1672-9
|
Duncan Pritchard argues that a feature that sets understanding-why apart from knowledge-why is that whereas (I) understanding-why is a kind of cognitive achievement in a strong sense, (II) knowledge-why is not such a kind. I argue that (I) is false and that (II) is true. (I) is false because understanding-why featuring rudimentary explanations and understanding-why concerning very simple causal connections are not cognitive achievements in a strong sense. Knowledge-why is not a kind of cognitive achievement in a strong sense for the same reason knowledge-that is not. The latter thesis requires showing that having (p because q) information is not equivalent to having information about facts or principles that establish the explanatory connections between the phenomena in question. I make a positive case for this claim and defend it against objections. Based on this argument, I identify an alternative feature that sets understanding-why apart from knowledge-why: The minimal condition for understanding-why and knowledge-why with respect to their contents is not identical. Knowing why p merely requires information that some explanatorily relevant dependency obtains. Understanding why p additionally requires information about facts or principles that establish the explanatory connections between the phenomena in question
|
Understanding why, knowing why, and cognitive achievements
|
understanding why, knowing why, and cognitive achievements
|
duncan pritchard argues apart kind achievement kind. argue false true. false featuring rudimentary explanations concerning causal connections achievements sense. kind achievement not. thesis facts principles establish explanatory connections phenomena question. claim defend objections. argument apart contents identical. knowing merely explanatorily dependency obtains. additionally facts principles establish explanatory connections phenomena
|
exact_dup
|
[
"157868089"
] |
160255753
|
10.1007/978-3-319-66981-6
|
As the end of life products are becoming more and more complex, the recycling systems encountered many difficulties in valuing all the materials contained in each product. This involves not only recovering a large number of materials but also doing so with the minimal environmental impact. Although the benefits of recycling are well established, the industrial processes need to be designed in regard with their environmental impacts. Therefore recyclers need robust assessment tools to make the right choices during the design of recycling processes. This approach should enable them to choose the right recycling solutions for a wide range of end of life products. In this article, we present a methodology developped for evaluating the performance of recycling processes during their design phase. This methodology is our answer to help the optimisation of the recycling of multi materials products based on the evaluation of the sustainability performance of the processes chosen.The authors want to thank MTB Recycling and the French National
Association for Technical Research (ANRT) for the funding of the Ph.D. study (CIFRE
Convention N° 2015/0226) of the first author
|
Sustainability Performance Evaluation for Selecting the Best Recycling Pathway During Its Design Phase
|
sustainability performance evaluation for selecting the best recycling pathway during its design phase
|
becoming recycling encountered difficulties valuing product. involves recovering impact. benefits recycling industrial regard impacts. recyclers robust choices recycling processes. enable recycling products. methodology developped evaluating recycling phase. methodology answer optimisation recycling sustainability chosen.the want recycling french anrt funding ph.d. cifre convention
|
exact_dup
|
[
"159619242"
] |
161858873
|
10.1007/s00253-011-3311-6
|
Microalgae of numerous heterotrophic genera (obligate or facultative) exhibit considerable metabolic versatility and flexibility but are currently underexploited in the biotechnological manufacturing of known plant-derived compounds, novel high-value biomolecules or enriched biomass. Highly efficient production of microalgal biomass without the need for light is now feasible in inexpensive, well-defined mineral medium, typically supplemented with glucose. Cell densities of more than 100 g l(-1) cell dry weight have been achieved with Chlorella, Crypthecodinium and Galdieria species while controlling the addition of organic sources of carbon and energy in fedbatch mode. The ability of microalgae to adapt their metabolism to varying culture conditions provides opportunities to modify, control and thereby maximise the formation of targeted compounds with non-recombinant microalgae. This review outlines the critical aspects of cultivation technology and current best practices in the heterotrophic high-cell-density cultivation of microalgae. The primary topics include (1) the characteristics of microalgae that make them suitable for heterotrophic cultivation, (2) the appropriate chemical composition of mineral growth media, (3) the different strategies for fedbatch cultivations and (4) the principles behind the customisation of biomass composition. The review confirms that, although fundamental knowledge is now available, the development of efficient, economically feasible large-scale bioprocesses remains an obstacle to the commercialisation of this promising technology
|
Best practices in heterotrophic high-cell-density microalgal processes : achievements, potential and possible limitations
|
best practices in heterotrophic high-cell-density microalgal processes : achievements, potential and possible limitations
|
microalgae numerous heterotrophic genera obligate facultative exhibit considerable metabolic versatility flexibility underexploited biotechnological manufacturing biomolecules enriched biomass. microalgal biomass feasible inexpensive mineral supplemented glucose. densities chlorella crypthecodinium galdieria controlling fedbatch mode. microalgae adapt metabolism opportunities modify thereby maximise targeted recombinant microalgae. outlines cultivation practices heterotrophic cultivation microalgae. topics microalgae heterotrophic cultivation mineral fedbatch cultivations principles behind customisation biomass composition. confirms economically feasible bioprocesses obstacle commercialisation promising
|
exact_dup
|
[
"161852707"
] |
17209115
|
10.1103/PhysRevE.86.015101
|
Modular organization and degree-degree correlations are ubiquitous in the connectivity structure of biological, technological, and social interacting systems. So far most studies have concentrated on unveiling both features in real world networks, but a model that succeeds in generating them simultaneously is needed. We consider a network of interacting phase oscillators, and an adaptation mechanism for the coupling that promotes the connection strengths between those elements that are dynamically correlated. We show that, under these circumstances, the dynamical organization of the oscillators shapes the topology of the graph in such a way that modularity and assortativity features emerge spontaneously and simultaneously. In turn, we prove that such an emergent structure is associated with an asymptotic arrangement of the collective dynamical state of the network into cluster synchronization
|
Assortative and modular networks are shaped by adaptive synchronization processes
|
assortative and modular networks are shaped by adaptive synchronization processes
|
modular ubiquitous connectivity technological interacting systems. concentrated unveiling succeeds generating simultaneously needed. interacting oscillators adaptation promotes connection strengths dynamically correlated. circumstances oscillators shapes topology modularity assortativity emerge spontaneously simultaneously. emergent asymptotic arrangement collective synchronization
|
exact_dup
|
[
"148665203"
] |
19125675
|
10.1002/jps.21347
|
The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate a novel oral insulin nanoparticulate system based on alginate-dextran sulfate core, complexed with a chitosan-polyethylene glycol-albumin shell. Insulin-loaded nanospheres (25, 50, 100 IU/kg) administered orally to diabetic rats reduced glycemia in a dose dependent manner. This effect lasted over 24 h with a maximal effect after 14 h. Nanospheres increased insulin plasma level and improved glycemic response to an oral glucose overload. After 4 days oral administration (50 IU/kg/day), the metabolic status of diabetic rats improved with a reduction in water intake, urine excretion and proteinuria. FITC-insulin-loaded nanospheres administered to an isolated intestinal loop were taken up by the intestinal mucosa. They strongly adhered to villus apical enterocytes and markedly labeled Peyer's patches. It is concluded that nanospheres preserve insulin and exert an antidiabetic effect after oral administration. This is explained by a protective effect against proteolytic enzymes by the albumin coating, by the mucoadhesive properties of chitosan-polyethylene glycol, and by the possibility of chitosan reversibly altering tight junctions leading to an improved absorption of insulin. This formulation demonstrates beneficial effects on diabetic symptoms and will be of interest in the treatment of diabetes with oral insulin. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Scihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2134
|
Nanoparticulate biopolymers deliver insulin orally eliciting pharmacological response
|
nanoparticulate biopolymers deliver insulin orally eliciting pharmacological response
|
characterize oral insulin nanoparticulate alginate dextran sulfate complexed chitosan polyethylene glycol albumin shell. insulin loaded nanospheres administered orally diabetic rats glycemia manner. lasted maximal nanospheres insulin glycemic oral glucose overload. oral administration metabolic diabetic rats intake urine excretion proteinuria. fitc insulin loaded nanospheres administered intestinal intestinal mucosa. adhered villus apical enterocytes markedly labeled peyer patches. concluded nanospheres preserve insulin exert antidiabetic oral administration. protective proteolytic enzymes albumin coating mucoadhesive chitosan polyethylene glycol chitosan reversibly altering tight junctions insulin. formulation demonstrates beneficial diabetic oral insulin. wiley liss inc. pharmacists pharm scihttp jps.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"144013218"
] |
19126007
|
10.1007/s10661-007-9643-0
|
Abstract A set of guidelines are presented for the definition of monitoring plans in coastal and transitional (estuarine and lagoonal) systems subject to the European Union Water Framework Directive – WFD (2000/60/EC). General principles of best practice in monitoring are outlined, including (a) the definition of three types of broad management objectives: water quality, conservation, and human use, to which the general public may easily relate. These will define the core and research indicators (WFD quality elements) to be used for monitoring; (b) priorities and optimisation in a (financially and logistically) resource-constrained environment; (c) quality assurance; and (d) assessment of monitoring success: this should focus on the outputs, i.e. the internal audit of the monitoring activity, and on the outcomes. The latter component assesses programme effectiveness, i.e. environmental success based on a set of clearly-defined targets, and informs management action. The second part of this work discusses the approach and actions to be carried out for implementing WFD surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring. Appropriate spatial and temporal scales for surveillance monitoring of different indicators are suggested, and operational monitoring is classified into either screening or verification procedures, with an emphasis on the relationship between drivers, pressure, state and response. WFD investigative monitoring is interpreted as applied research, and thus guidelines cannot be prescriptive, except insofar as to provide examples of currently acceptable approaches. Specific case studies are presented for both operational (coastal eutrophication control) and investigative monitoring (harmful algal blooms), in order to illustrate the practical application of these monitoring guidelines. Further information is available at http://www.monae.org/.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9643-
|
Monitoring of coastal and transitional waters under the E.U. Water Framework Directive
|
monitoring of coastal and transitional waters under the e.u. water framework directive
|
guidelines plans coastal transitional estuarine lagoonal union directive principles outlined broad objectives conservation relate. indicators priorities optimisation financially logistically resource constrained assurance success outputs i.e. audit outcomes. assesses programme effectiveness i.e. success targets informs action. discusses implementing surveillance operational investigative monitoring. surveillance indicators operational classified screening verification emphasis drivers response. investigative interpreted guidelines prescriptive insofar acceptable approaches. operational coastal eutrophication investigative harmful algal blooms illustrate practical guidelines.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"144013848"
] |
19126064
|
10.1007/s10847-006-9245-4
|
Abstract Interactions between a benzimidazolic derivative, omeprazole (OME), beta-cyclodextrin (ßCD) and a chemically modified ßCD, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MßCD) were investigated in aqueous solution by UV-VIS spectroscopy and in solid state by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Phase solubility studies were used to evaluate the complexation in aqueous solution. The two solubility diagrams obtained were AL type, indicating the formation of a drug-cyclodextrin complex with 1:1 stoichiometry. The complex of OME with MßCD showed a higher stability constant (K S) than those with ßCD. Some evidences of inclusion complexation in solid state were obtained from DSC. Only in thermal curves of OME-ßCD lyophilized product and in OME-MßCD spray-dried and lyophilized systems the melting point of the drug disappeared completely suggesting the possible formation of an inclusion complex.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-006-9245-
|
Evaluation of host-guest complex formation between a benzimidazolic derivative and cyclodextrins by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and differential scanning calorimetry
|
evaluation of host-guest complex formation between a benzimidazolic derivative and cyclodextrins by uv-vis spectrophotometry and differential scanning calorimetry
|
benzimidazolic omeprazole beta cyclodextrin chemically methyl beta cyclodextrin mßcd aqueous spectroscopy scanning calorimetry solubility complexation aqueous solution. solubility diagrams cyclodextrin stoichiometry. mßcd ßcd. evidences inclusion complexation dsc. lyophilized mßcd spray dried lyophilized melting disappeared inclusion complex.
|
exact_dup
|
[
"144013952"
] |
2378232
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.72.201305
|
We compute the interference pattern of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer
operating in the fractional quantum Hall effect. Our theoretical proposal is
inspired by a remarkable experiment on edge states in the Integer Quantum Hall
effect (IQHE). The Luttinger liquid model is solved via two independent
methods: refermionization at nu=1/2 and the Bethe Ansatz solution available for
Laughlin fractions. The current differs strongly from that of single electrons
in the strong backscattering regime. The Fano factor is periodic in the flux,
and it exhibits a sharp transition from sub-Poissonian (charge e/2) to
Poissonian (charge e) in the neighborhood of destructive interferences
|
An electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the Fractional Quantum Hall
effect
|
an electronic mach-zehnder interferometer in the fractional quantum hall effect
|
interference mach zehnder interferometer operating fractional hall effect. proposal inspired remarkable integer hall iqhe luttinger solved refermionization bethe ansatz laughlin fractions. differs backscattering regime. fano exhibits sharp poissonian poissonian neighborhood destructive interferences
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52472999"
] |
25257806
|
10.1023/A:1001942301598
|
A theory of gravitation in 4D is presented with strings used in the material action in $U_4$ spacetime. It is shown that the string naturally gives rise to torsion. It is also shown that the equation of motion a string follows from the Bianchi identity, gives the identical result as the Noether conservation laws, and follows a geodesic only in the lowest order approximation. In addition, the conservation laws show that strings naturally have spin, which arises not from their motion but from their one dimensional structure
|
Strings in gravity with torsion
|
strings in gravity with torsion
|
gravitation strings spacetime. naturally torsion. bianchi noether conservation laws geodesic approximation. conservation laws strings naturally arises
|
exact_dup
|
[
"2441210"
] |
30320194
|
10.1002/marc.201400542
|
This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Date of Acceptance: 22/10/2014Polymer 6, ([trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C≡C)2]-[Ir(dFMeppy)2(N^N)](PF6))n, (([Pt]-[Ir](PF6))n; N^N = 5,5′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridyl; dFMeppy = 2-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-5-methylpyridine) is prepared along with model compounds. These complexes are investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy and their photophysical and electrochemical properties are measured and compared with their corresponding non fluorinated complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT computations corroborate the nature of the excited state as being a hybrid between the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1,3MLCT) for the trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C≡CAr)2 unit, [Pt] and the metal-to-ligand/ligand-to-ligand′ charge transfer (1,3ML′CT/LL′CT) for [Ir] with L = dFMeppy. Overall, the fluorination of the phenylpyridine group expectedly does not change the nature of the excited state but desirably induces a small blue shift of the absorption and emission bands along a slight decrease in emission quantum yields and lifetimes.PostprintPeer reviewe
|
Strategic modulation of the photonic properties of conjugated organometallic Pt–Ir polymers exhibiting hybrid CT-excited states
|
strategic modulation of the photonic properties of conjugated organometallic pt–ir polymers exhibiting hybrid ct-excited states
|
council canada nserc acceptance polymer dfmeppy disubstituted bipyridyl dfmeppy difluoro phenyl methylpyridine compounds. complexes spectroscopy photophysical electrochemical fluorinated complexes. computations corroborate excited hybrid ligand mlct c≡car ligand ligand ligand′ ml′ct ll′ct dfmeppy. fluorination phenylpyridine expectedly excited desirably induces slight lifetimes.postprintpeer reviewe
|
exact_dup
|
[
"30320202"
] |
30906872
|
10.1063/1.4909542
|
A novel and simple chemical method based on sol-gel processing was proposed to deposit metastable orthorhombic tin oxide (SnOx) thin films on glass substrates at room temperature. The resultant samples are labeled according to the solvents used: ethanol (SnO-EtOH), isopropanol (SnO-IPA) and methanol (SnO-MeOH). The variations in the structural, morphological and optical properties of the thin films deposited using different solvents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The XRD patterns confirm that all the films, irrespective of the solvents used for preparation, were polycrystalline in nature and contained a mixed phases of tin (II) oxide and tin (IV) oxide in a metastable orthorhombic crystal structure. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Sn=O and Sn-O in all of the samples. PL spectra showed a violet emission band centered at 380 nm (3.25 eV) for all of the solvents. The UV-vis spectra indicated a maximum absorption band shown at 332 nm and the highest average transmittance around 97% was observed for the SnO-IPA and SnO-MeOH thin film samples. The AFM results show variations in the grain size with solvent. The structural and optical properties of the SnO thin films indicate that this method of fabricating tin oxide is promising and that future work is warranted to analyze the electrical properties of the films in order to determine the viability of these films for various transparent conducting oxide applications
|
A novel synthesis of tin oxide thin films by the sol-gel process for optoelectronic applications
|
a novel synthesis of tin oxide thin films by the sol-gel process for optoelectronic applications
|
deposit metastable orthorhombic oxide snox films glass substrates room temperature. resultant labeled solvents ethanol etoh isopropanol methanol meoh morphological films deposited solvents diffraction microscopy raman spectroscopy fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy spectroscopy photoluminescence analysis. confirm films irrespective solvents preparation polycrystalline oxide oxide metastable orthorhombic structure. ftir confirmed samples. violet centered solvents. transmittance meoh film samples. grain solvent. films fabricating oxide promising warranted analyze electrical films viability films transparent conducting oxide
|
exact_dup
|
[
"30797722"
] |
30934461
|
10.1007/s12011-011-8985-1
|
The abnormal metabolism of metal ions plays an important role in health and disease conditions, and studies about them have been attracting significant interest. The aim of our study was to assess the heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in scalp hair samples of 50 Irish and 78 Pakistani hypertensive patients of an urban population together with 50 Irish and 96 Pakistani non-hypertensive male subjects in the age group of 30–50 years. The concentrations of trace and toxic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer before microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference materials, and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same certified reference materials and on real samples. The recovery of all the studied elements was found to be in the range of 97.5–99.7% in certified reference material. The results of this study showed that the mean values of cadmium, nickel, and lead were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of both Pakistani and Irish hypertensive patients than in referents (p < 0.001); whereas, the concentration of zinc was lower in the scalp hair samples of hypertensive patients of both genders. The deficiency of zinc and the high exposure of trace and toxic metals may be the risk factors associated with hypertension
|
Comparative metal distribution in scalp hair of Pakistani and Irish referents and hypertensive patients
|
comparative metal distribution in scalp hair of pakistani and irish referents and hypertensive patients
|
abnormal metabolism plays attracting interest. metals cadmium nickel zinc scalp hair irish pakistani hypertensive irish pakistani hypertensive years. trace toxic inductively plasma–atomic spectrophotometer spectrophotometer microwave assisted digestion. validity methodology checked certified digestion certified samples. recovery certified material. cadmium nickel scalp hair pakistani irish hypertensive referents zinc scalp hair hypertensive genders. deficiency zinc trace toxic metals hypertension
|
exact_dup
|
[
"147607895"
] |
30934710
|
10.1080/00207543.2013.864054
|
This article contributes to location-routing literature on three inter-linked aspects viz., formulation of a novel integrated low-carbon/green location-routing model for the demand side of a Supply Chain (SC) with a single product and multiple consumers, i.e., Drop-off Points (DoPs), a novel and robust solution approach through a Design of Experiment (DoE)-guided Multiple-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation (MOPSO) optimiser and exhaustive analysis of the location-routing solutions (i.e., prioritisation, ranking and scenario analysis). The total costs, CO2 emission and the traversed distances of the vehicles during transportation are optimised. The optimisation model for the strategic decision-making is formulated by effectively integrating the 0-1 mixed-integer programming with a green constraint based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Due to the computationally NP-hard characteristic of the model a systematic and technically robust DoE-guided solution approach is designed using a commercial solver – modeFRONTIER® . DoE guides the solution through the MOPSO optimiser in order to eliminate the un-realistic set of feasible and optimal solution sets. A popular multi-attribute decision-making approach, TOPSIS, evaluates the solutions found from the Pareto optimal solution space of the solver. Finally decision-makers’ preferences are analysed for monitoring the changes in the controlling parameters with respect to the changes in the decisions. A scenario analysis of the location-routing events by considering alternative possible outcomes is also conducted. It is found that the implemented methodology successfully routes the vehicles with optimal costs and low-carbon emission thus contributing to greening the environment on the demand side of a SC network
|
Integrated low-carbon location-routing method for the demand side of a product distribution supply chain: a DoE-guided MOPSO optimiser-based solution approach
|
integrated low-carbon location-routing method for the demand side of a product distribution supply chain: a doe-guided mopso optimiser-based solution approach
|
contributes routing viz. formulation routing supply consumers i.e. drop dops robust guided swarm optimisation mopso optimiser exhaustive routing i.e. prioritisation ranking traversed distances vehicles transportation optimised. optimisation strategic formulated effectively integrating integer programming analytic hierarchy computationally technically robust guided commercial solver modefrontier® guides mopso optimiser eliminate realistic feasible sets. popular attribute topsis evaluates pareto solver. makers’ preferences analysed controlling decisions. routing conducted. implemented methodology successfully routes vehicles contributing greening
|
exact_dup
|
[
"147608643"
] |
33176995
|
10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.07.008
|
In recent years, Independent Components Analysis (ICA) has proven itself to be a powerful signal-processing technique for solving the Blind-Source Separation (BSS) problems in different scientific domains. In the present work, an application of ICA for processing NIR hyperspectral images to detect traces of peanut in wheat flour is presented. Processing was performed without a priori knowledge of\ud
the chemical composition of the two food materials. The aim was to extract the source signals of the different\ud
chemical components from the initial data set and to use them in order to determine the distribution of peanut traces in the hyperspectral images. To determine the optimal number of independent component to be extracted, the Random ICA by blocks method was used. This method is based on the repeated calculation of several models using an increasing number of independent components after randomly segmenting the matrix data into two blocks and then calculating the correlations between the signals\ud
extracted from the two blocks. The extracted ICA signals were interpreted and their ability to classify\ud
peanut and wheat flour was studied. Finally, all the extracted ICs were used to construct a single synthetic\ud
signal that could be used directly with the hyperspectral images to enhance the contrast between the peanut and the wheat flours in a real multi-use industrial environment. Furthermore, feature extraction methods (connected components labelling algorithm followed by flood fill method to extract object contours) were applied in order to target the spatial location of the presence of peanut traces. A good visualization of the distributions of peanut traces was thus obtaine
|
Application of Independent Components Analysis with the JADE algorithm and NIR hyperspectral imaging for revealing food adulteration
|
application of independent components analysis with the jade algorithm and nir hyperspectral imaging for revealing food adulteration
|
proven powerful solving blind domains. hyperspectral detect traces peanut wheat flour presented. priori materials. extract peanut traces hyperspectral images. blocks used. repeated randomly segmenting blocks calculating blocks. interpreted classify peanut wheat flour studied. synthetic hyperspectral enhance peanut wheat flours industrial environment. extraction labelling flood fill extract contours peanut traces. visualization peanut traces obtaine
|
exact_dup
|
[
"148675752"
] |
33178141
|
10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.026
|
The building sector has experienced a significant decline in recent years in Spain and Europe as a result of the financial crisis that began in 2007. This drop accompanies a low penetration of information and communication technologies in inter-organizational oriented business processes. The market decrease is causing a slowdown in the building sector, where only flexible small and medium enterprises (SMEs) survive thanks to specialization and innovation in services, which allow them to face new market demands. Inter-organizational information systems (IOISs) support innovation in services, and are thus a strategic tool for SMEs to obtain competitive advantage. Because of the inherent complexity of IOIS adoption, this research extends Kurnia and Johnston's (2000) theoretical model of IOIS adoption with an empirical model of IOIS characterization. The resultant model identifies the factors influencing IOIS adoption in SMEs in the building sector, to promote further service innovation for competitive and collaborative advantages. An empirical longitudinal study over six consecutive years using data from Spanish SMEs in the building sector validates the model, using the partial least squares technique and analyzing temporal stability. The main findings of this research are the four ways an IOIS might contribute to service innovation in the building sector. Namely: a) improving client interfaces and the link between service providers and end users; b) defining a specific market where SMEs can develop new service concepts; c) enhancing the service delivery system in traditional customer?supplier relationships; and d) introducing information and communication technologies and tools to improve information management
|
Inter-organizational information systems adoption for service innovation in building sector
|
inter-organizational information systems adoption for service innovation in building sector
|
experienced decline spain europe crisis began drop accompanies penetration technologies organizational oriented processes. causing slowdown flexible enterprises smes survive thanks specialization innovation demands. organizational ioiss innovation strategic smes competitive advantage. inherent iois adoption extends kurnia johnston iois adoption iois characterization. resultant identifies influencing iois adoption smes promote innovation competitive collaborative advantages. longitudinal consecutive spanish smes validates squares analyzing stability. ways iois innovation sector. improving client interfaces providers defining smes concepts enhancing delivery traditional customer supplier introducing technologies
|
exact_dup
|
[
"148678229"
] |
33557053
|
10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.009
|
Critical analyses of neoliberalism׳s influence on fisheries governance have documented how enclosure, quota leasing and renting, and commodification can precipitate negative social consequences for fishing communities. By contrast, this paper draws on the concept of embeddedness to argue that certain policies and social relations can regulate enclosure, quota renting, and commodification in ways that empower community-based groups to facilitate the anchoring of fishery resources and wealth in coastal communities. It does so through an analysis of northern shrimp fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, between the 1970s and the early 2000s. This case study illustrates how fisheries enclosure policies informed by geographically and morally defined principles of access and equity and limits on commodification can meaningfully embed fishery resources and benefits in rural and remote coastal regions that depend on small-scale fishing. Although the application of social principles continues to be marginalized in the context of neoliberal policy regimes that privilege individual economic efficiency over distributive concerns, this paper provides new insight into the conditions under which principles of ethical allocation and distribution of resources are able to persist through an era of neoliberalism
|
Governing enclosure for coastal communities: Social embeddedness in a Canadian shrimp fishery
|
governing enclosure for coastal communities: social embeddedness in a canadian shrimp fishery
|
neoliberalism׳s fisheries governance documented enclosure quota leasing renting commodification precipitate consequences fishing communities. draws embeddedness argue policies regulate enclosure quota renting commodification ways empower facilitate anchoring fishery wealth coastal communities. northern shrimp fisheries newfoundland labrador canada illustrates fisheries enclosure policies informed geographically morally principles equity commodification meaningfully embed fishery benefits rural remote coastal fishing. principles continues marginalized neoliberal regimes privilege distributive concerns insight principles ethical allocation persist neoliberalism
|
exact_dup
|
[
"33560356"
] |
35089628
|
10.1007/JHEP06(2015)018
|
It is well known that under a BCFW-deformation, there is a boundary contribution when the amplitude scales as O z 0 $$ \mathcal{O}\left({z}^0\right) $$ or worse. We show that boundary contributions have a similar recursion relation as scattering amplitude. Just like the BCFW recursion relation, where scattering amplitudes are expressed as the products of two on-shell subamplitudes (plus possible boundary contributions), our new recursion relation expresses boundary contributions as products of sub-amplitudes and boundary contributions with less legs, plus yet another possible boundary contribution. In other words, the complete scattering amplitude, including boundary contributions, can be obtained by multiple steps of recursions, unless the boundary contributions are still non-zero when all possible deformations are exploited. We demonstrate this algorithm by several examples. Especially, we show that for standard model like renormalizable theory in 4D, i.e., the theory including only gauge boson, fermions and scalars, the complete amplitude can always be computed by at most four recursive steps using our algorithm
|
Recursion relation for boundary contribution
|
recursion relation for boundary contribution
|
bcfw deformation mathcal worse. recursion amplitude. bcfw recursion amplitudes subamplitudes recursion expresses amplitudes legs contribution. recursions unless deformations exploited. examples. renormalizable i.e. boson fermions scalars recursive
|
exact_dup
|
[
"35089717"
] |
35089769
|
10.1007/JHEP05(2015)133
|
A recent CMS analysis has reported the observation of an excess in the invariant mass distribution of the opposite-sign same-flavour lepton pair, which can be interpreted as a kinematic edge due to new physics. Using collider simulation tools, we recast relevant LHC search results reported by ATLAS and CMS collaborations in order to determine constraints on supersymmetric models that could produce the observed features. In particular, we focus on models involving cascade decays of light-flavour squarks and sbottoms. We find no favourable supersymmetry scenario within our exploration that could explain the origin of the excess when other LHC constraints are taken into account
|
A closer look at a hint of SUSY at the 8 TeV LHC
|
a closer look at a hint of susy at the 8 tev lhc
|
excess opposite flavour lepton interpreted kinematic physics. collider recast atlas collaborations supersymmetric features. involving cascade decays flavour squarks sbottoms. favourable supersymmetry exploration excess
|
exact_dup
|
[
"35089678"
] |
35090041
|
10.1093/ptep/ptv044
|
The gradient flow equation in the 2D nonlinear sigma model with lattice regularization is solved in the leading order of the expansion. By using this solution, we analytically compute the thermal expectation value of a lattice energy–momentum tensor defined through the gradient flow. The expectation value reproduces thermodynamic quantities obtained by the standard large- method. This analysis confirms that the above lattice energy–momentum tensor restores the correct normalization automatically in the continuum limit, in a system with a non-perturbative mass gap
|
Large- N limit of the gradient flow in the 2D O(N) nonlinear sigma model
|
large- n limit of the gradient flow in the 2d o(n) nonlinear sigma model
|
sigma regularization solved expansion. analytically expectation energy–momentum flow. expectation reproduces thermodynamic quantities method. confirms energy–momentum restores normalization automatically continuum perturbative
|
exact_dup
|
[
"35090129"
] |
35090968
|
10.1007/JHEP03(2015)148
|
In models for hadron collisions based on string hadronization, the strings are usually treated as independent, allowing no interaction between the confined colour fields. In studies of nucleus collisions it has been suggested that strings close in space can fuse to form “colour ropes”. Such ropes are expected to give more strange particles and baryons, which also has been suggested as a signal for plasma formation. Overlapping strings can also be expected in pp collisions, where usually no phase transition is expected. In particular at the high LHC energies the expected density of strings is quite high. To investigate possible effects of rope formation, we present a model in which strings are allowed to combine into higher multiplets, giving rise to increased production of baryons and strangeness, or recombine into singlet structures and vanish. Also a crude model for strings recombining into junction structures is considered, again giving rise to increased baryon production. The models are implemented in the dipsy MC event generator, using Pythia8 for hadronization, and comparison to pp minimum bias data, reveals improvement in the description of identified particle spectra
|
Effects of overlapping strings in pp collisions
|
effects of overlapping strings in pp collisions
|
hadron collisions hadronization strings allowing confined colour fields. nucleus collisions strings fuse “colour ropes”. ropes strange baryons formation. overlapping strings collisions expected. strings high. rope strings combine multiplets giving baryons strangeness recombine singlet vanish. crude strings recombining junction giving baryon production. implemented dipsy generator pythia hadronization reveals
|
exact_dup
|
[
"35090874"
] |
35092778
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2015)131
|
We extend recent results on semi-classical conformal blocks in 2d CFT and their relation to 3D gravity via the AdS/CFT correspondence. We consider four-point functions with two heavy and two light external operators, along with the exchange of a light operator. By explicit computation, we establish precise agreement between these CFT objects and a simple picture of particle worldlines joined by cubic vertices propagating in asymptotically AdS 3 geometries (conical defects or BTZ black holes). We provide a simple argument that explains this agreement
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Worldline approach to semi-classical conformal blocks
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worldline approach to semi-classical conformal blocks
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extend conformal blocks correspondence. operator. establish precise picture worldlines joined cubic propagating asymptotically geometries conical defects holes argument explains
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exact_dup
|
[
"35092311"
] |
41148084
|
10.1029/2003JB002572.
|
We investigate conceptually, analytically, and numerically the biases in the estimation of the b-value of the
Gutenberg-Richter Law and of its uncertainty made through the least squares technique. The biases are introduced
by the cumulation operation for the cumulative form of the Gutenberg-Richter Law, by the logarithmic
transformation, and by the measurement errors on the magnitude. We find that the least squares technique, applied
to the cumulative and binned form of the Gutenberg-Richter Law, produces strong bias in the b-value and
its uncertainty, whose amplitudes depend on the size of the sample. Furthermore, the logarithmic transformation
produces two different endemic bends in the Log(N) versus M curve. This means that this plot might produce
fake significant departures from the Gutenberg-Richter Law. The effect of the measurement errors is negligible
compared to those of cumulation operation and logarithmic transformation. The results obtained show that the
least squares technique should never be used to determine the slope of the Gutenberg-Richter Law and its uncertainty
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A technical note on the bias in the estimation of the b-value and its uncertainty through the Least Squares technique
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a technical note on the bias in the estimation of the b-value and its uncertainty through the least squares technique
|
conceptually analytically numerically biases gutenberg richter squares technique. biases cumulation cumulative gutenberg richter logarithmic magnitude. squares cumulative binned gutenberg richter produces amplitudes sample. logarithmic produces endemic bends curve. fake departures gutenberg richter law. negligible cumulation logarithmic transformation. squares never gutenberg richter
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exact_dup
|
[
"41145646"
] |
42940249
|
10.1055/s-0033-1359322
|
Background We compared the aortic, left atrial, and apical approaches to visualize the mitral valve with the goal to investigate the endoscopic anatomy and give exact step-by-step descriptions of these views. Materials and Methods The mitral valvular complex of human cadaveric fresh hearts was investigated from three approaches using 0, 30, and 70 degrees rigid endoscopic optics. In 30 cases after the removal of the hearts, the endoscopes were introduced directly into the aortic root through an aortotomy, left atrium through a standard atriotomy, and apex of the heart through a transmural incision. In 10 cases, the in situ visualization was performed using standard surgical approaches, such as partial upper ministernotomy, right and left minithoracotomy. The investigation was performed first with the mitral valve open, then the left ventricle was filled with saline, and the valve was closed by clamping the aorta. Results For the visualization of ventricular surfaces of the mitral leaflets and the subvalvular apparatus, the apical approach was most optimal. The aortic approach had limitations at the posterior leaflet. Using the atrial approach, we did not obtain any direct visual information about the subvalvular apparatus with the valve closed. The atrial surfaces of the leaflets were best visible using both the atrial and apical approaches with the mitral valve open. In the case of a closed valve, the apical approach did not allow for an investigation of the atrial surfaces. The aortic approach was useful to visualize the atrial surface of the posterior leaflet with an opened valve. Conclusion In mitral valve repairs through the left atrium, an additional aortic or apical view could be useful to obtain functional information about the subvalvular apparatus by the sealing probe
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Comparative Endoscopic Anatomic Description of the Mitral Valvular Complex: a Cadaveric Study
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comparative endoscopic anatomic description of the mitral valvular complex: a cadaveric study
|
aortic atrial apical visualize mitral valve goal endoscopic anatomy descriptions views. mitral valvular cadaveric fresh hearts rigid endoscopic optics. removal hearts endoscopes aortic aortotomy atrium atriotomy apex transmural incision. situ visualization surgical ministernotomy minithoracotomy. mitral valve ventricle filled saline valve clamping aorta. visualization ventricular mitral leaflets subvalvular apparatus apical optimal. aortic limitations posterior leaflet. atrial subvalvular apparatus valve closed. atrial leaflets visible atrial apical mitral valve open. valve apical atrial surfaces. aortic visualize atrial posterior leaflet opened valve. mitral valve repairs atrium aortic apical subvalvular apparatus sealing
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exact_dup
|
[
"50568348"
] |
44737369
|
10.1007/s00285-015-0938-4
|
This paper should be read as addendum to Dieckmann et al. (J Theor Biol 241:370.389, 2006) and Parvinen et al. (J Math Biol 67:509-533, 2013) Our goal is, using little more than high-school calculus, to (1) exhibit the form of the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics for classical life history problems, where the examples in Dieckmann et al. (J Theor Biol 24:370.389, 2006) and Parvinen et al. (J Math Biol 67: 509.533, 2013) are chosen such that they avoid a number of the problems that one gets in this most relevant of applications, (2) derive the fitness gradient occurring in the CE from simple fitness return argument, (3) show explicitly that setting said fitness gradient equal to zero results in the classical marginal value principle from evolutionary ecology, (4) show that the latter in turn is equivalent to Pontryagin's maximum principle, a well known equivalence that however in the literature is given either ex cathedra or is proven with more advanced tools, (5) connect the classical optimisation arguments of life history theory a little better to real biology (Mendelian populations with separate sexes subject to an environmental feedback loop), (6) make a minor improvement to the form of the CE for the examples in Dieckmann et al. and Parvinen et al
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The canonical equation of adaptive dynamics for life histories: from fitness-returns to selection gradients and Pontryagin's maximum principle
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the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics for life histories: from fitness-returns to selection gradients and pontryagin's maximum principle
|
read addendum dieckmann theor parvinen math goal calculus exhibit canonical adaptive dieckmann theor parvinen math avoid gets derive fitness occurring fitness return argument explicitly said fitness marginal evolutionary ecology pontryagin equivalence cathedra proven advanced connect optimisation arguments mendelian sexes minor dieckmann parvinen
|
exact_dup
|
[
"52953094"
] |
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