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Louis Tomlinson was a founding member of a girl band.
[ { "docid": "1c6957ccd64aca66c09d76a2e371d0e7", "text": "Louis Tomlinson Louis William Tomlinson ( born Louis Troy Austin ; 24 December 1991 ) is an English singer-songwriter and actor . He is known as a member of the pop boy band One Direction . Tomlinson began his career as an actor , initially appearing in ITV drama Fat Friends as an extra . He also went on to appear in another ITV drama film If I Had You and the BBC drama Waterloo Road . In 2010 , he became a founding member of One Direction after auditioning as a solo artist on The X Factor . Following the band 's hiatus , Tomlinson released the single `` Just Hold On '' with Steve Aoki in December 2016 . In 2013 , he was signed as a footballer by Doncaster Rovers of the Football League Championship on a non-contract basis . The same year he also formed his own record label , Triple Strings Ltd. . He appeared on Debrett 's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7746a89703f34dbe6f12e223ef3399cf", "text": "Twenty Twenty (band) Twenty Twenty are a pop punk band based in London , Cambridge and Essex , UK . They are made up of lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Halliday , brother and bassist/vocalist Jack Halliday , and drummer/vocalist Sonny Watson-Lang . The band have supported acts such as The Wanted , The Saturdays , Avril Lavigne , Scouting For Girls , Big Time Rush and Selena Gomez . Festival appearances have included playing with JLS , Diversity , and McFly . July 2010 saw the band play at the O2 Arena with The Saturdays , and Tinchy Stryder . In early 2011 Twenty Twenty supported The Saturdays on a UK tour throughout February and March and supported The Wanted in March and April . 17 April 2011 saw the release of the band 's new single and their first release signed to a major label . Their debut album `` Small Talk '' was released on 2 May 2011 . On 10 January 2014 Sam and Jack officially announced the band 's split on the sugarscape website after drummer Sonny Watson-Lang 's departure from the band six months earlier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be8c3319e5931c4505cacfa30dc2a164", "text": "Luisa Luisa ( Italian , Spanish , and Portuguese ) or Louise ( French ) is a feminine given name ; it is the feminine form of the given name Louis ( Luis ) , the French form of the Frankish Chlodowig ( German Ludwig ) , from the Germanic elements hlod `` fame '' and wig `` combat '' . Variations include Luisella , Luisetta , Luigia . Its popularity derives from the cult of Saint Louise de Marillac of Paris , and from Giuseppe Verdi 's opera Luisa Miller . The name may refer to : Luisa Miller , an opera by Giuseppe Verdi Giovanni da Verrazzano 's name for Block Island and hence , Rhode Island Luisa Piccarreta also known as `` Little Daughter of the Divine Will '' is a proposed Roman Catholic saint Luisa Warrington , fictional character in UK soap opera Family Affairs , played by Clare Byam-Shaw Luísa , a song composed by Tom Jobim Antônio Carlos Jobim", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd5242161ef271d1dffb041624e05be3", "text": "Kingsland Road (band) Kingsland Road ( originally Kingsland ) were an English rock and roll-style and urban-inspired funk and disco boy band formed in 2012 . The band is made up of Matt Cahill , Joe `` Connor '' Conaboy , JJ Thompson ( known by his surname ) and Josh Zaré . Originally a five-piece that included Jay Scott , they finished in ninth place on the tenth series of The X Factor in 2013 . They describe their sound as a mixture of predominantly 1970s urban of funk and disco with just a drop of reggae and indie pop and new wave with some Oi ! of the 1980s that is furnished with 2010s hard rock . Kingsland Road released their debut single `` Dirty Dancer '' in August 2014 and it peaked at number 85 on the UK Singles Chart . On 23 October , Scott quit the band due to lack of enjoyment . Their debut album We Are the Young was released in March 2015 . The group announced they were splitting up in June 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff67cdf99f673fe682f85aadd6ed04b8", "text": "Miles Leonard Miles Leonard is a British music industry executive and is Chairman of Parlophone & Warner Bros. . Records UK . He has previously worked for Virgin Records , EMI Records , Roadrunner Records and been credited as signing and breaking artists including Gorillaz , Coldplay , Tinie Tempah , The Verve and for reviving the career of Kylie Minogue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d95cec440ce98a91532ee5b72b1d6c0", "text": "Lily Allen Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper ( née Allen ; born 2 May 1985 ) , known professionally as Lily Allen , is an English singer , songwriter , actress , and television presenter . She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen . Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills . In 2005 , she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings . Her first mainstream single , `` Smile '' , reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006 . Her debut record , Alright , Still , was well received , selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards , Brit Awards and MTV Video Music Awards . She began hosting her own talk-show , Lily Allen and Friends , on BBC Three . Her second studio album , It 's Not Me , It 's You , saw a genre shift , having more of an electropop feel , rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one . The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Australian ARIA Charts and was well received by critics , noting the singer 's musical evolution and maturity . It spawned the hit singles `` The Fear '' and `` Fuck You '' . This success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards . Allen and Amy Winehouse were credited with starting a process that led to the `` year of the women '' media label in 2009 that saw five female artists making music of `` experimentalism and fearlessness '' nominated for the Mercury Prize . In 2009 , Allen announced that she would be taking a hiatus from musical activities . In 2011 , she launched her own record label . In 2013 , Allen revealed that she had begun working on her third studio album , which was later titled Sheezus . On 12 November 2013 , Allen premiered the video for her first original song since 2009 , `` Hard out Here '' , which was released as a single five days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696f0500b2bb29053a6be85524920b14", "text": "NZCA Lines NZCA Lines ( stylised as NZCA/LINES ) are a British synthpop band founded by Michael Lovett . It currently features Charlotte Hatherley and Sarah Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df3a338af7281f9c6d9a3453c2c2ea3e", "text": "The Slits The Slits were a British rock band formed in London in 1976 by members of the groups The Flowers of Romance and The Castrators . The group 's early line-up consisted of Ari Up ( Ariane Forster ) and Palmolive ( a.k.a. Paloma Romero , who played briefly with Spizzenergi and later left to join The Raincoats ) , with Viv Albertine and Tessa Pollitt replacing founding members Kate Korus and Suzy Gutsy . Their 1979 debut album , Cut , has been called one of the defining releases of the post-punk era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42010d3d4e836ab7f2e49534b7e933a8", "text": "Angelica (band) Angelica were an all-girl punk rock band from Lancaster , England . Holly Ross ( lead vocals and guitar ) , Brigit Colton ( bass guitar ) , Claire Windsor ( guitar ) and Rachel Parsons ( drums ) formed the band while still at school in 1994 and performed until 2003 . Their music was influenced by punk music mixed with surf rock overtones , and feminist lyrics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f64a17b44a3c0c3089d01f0a9b0cdb0", "text": "Masayoshi Kabe most commonly known by his stage name Louis , is a half-French , half-Japanese bassist and guitarist from Yokohama , Japan . He began his career in 1966 as a member of The Golden Cups . He was a studio musician throughout the 1970s and also a member of various bands such as Speed , Glue & Shinki until he permanently joined the supergroup Pink Cloud in 1978 . After they disbanded in 1994 he formed the instrumental side-project ZZK while providing support to other musicians as a bassist . He also recorded four albums as bass player with the band Vodka Collins from 1995-1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f70846c000de5e23eb8da0cfee94fc8", "text": "Girls (band) Girls was an American indie rock band , formed in San Francisco in 2007 . The band comprised two key members : Christopher Owens , songwriter and lead singer , and Chet `` JR '' White , who played bass and produced . Girls ' sound was heavily inspired by the music of the 1950s , 1960s and 1970s , with their sound being described as lo-fi , surf rock , rock and roll , psychedelic rock , pop rock , country rock and garage rock . Girls ' debut full-length , Album , was released in 2009 to critical acclaim . Its 2011 follow-up , Father , Son , Holy Ghost , was also well-received . On July 2 , 2012 , Owens announced that he was leaving the band and would continue to record as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1963f855f81198597c31877bce9adec", "text": "The Missourians (band) The Missourians were an American jazz band active in the 1920s , who performed at the Cotton Club in New York City and eventually became the backing band for Cab Calloway . The Missourians were formed by Wilson Robinson in the early 1920s under the name Wilson Robinson 's Syncopators or Wilson Robinson 's Bostonians . Andrew Preer took leadership of the group in 1925 , which performed at the Cotton Club until 1927 under the name Andrew Preer 's Cotton Club Orchestra . In 1927 the group became the accompanying band for Ethel Waters on tour , and changed its name to The Missourians , since Duke Ellington 's band had become known as the Cotton Club Orchestra . After returning to New York the band took up residency at the Savoy Ballroom from 1928 to 1929 ; reedist George Scott was its leader during this period . In 1929 Cab Calloway led the group intermittently , and assumed leadership of the band in 1930 ; soon after he began recording as Cab Calloway and His Orchestra . Prior to Calloway 's arrival , the group recorded for Gennett Records and Victor Records . The group 's membership in the 1920s included Lammar Wright , Sr. , R.Q. Dickerson , Dewey Jackson , William Thornton Blue , David Jones , Earres Prince , and Andrew Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f97a8018d005f290b2b07d3a63b47a0d", "text": "Great and Lady Soul Great and Lady Soul was the name of a six-piece pop band from Widnes , Cheshire , England . Formed in 1985 , the band eventually signed to Virgin Records in 1988 , releasing two singles on seven-inch and twelve-inch vinyl formats . A long-playing record was recorded but not released . The name itself is taken out of context from an autobiography by the jazz bass-player Charles Mingus , called Beneath the Underdog . The band 's debut single , Trace the Line ( to my Heart ) , was released in February 1989 , backed by the song Harriet Walk , named after a street in London . The second single , I Wo n't Hold My Breath , was released in May 1989 , backed by the song Stretch . Band members were Greg Oldfield ( vocals ) , Tim Leather ( guitar ) , Stewart Leather ( guitar ) , Tony Dagnall ( keyboards ) , Damien Amos ( bass ) , and David Wycherley ( drums ) . Category : British pop music groups", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb3b7833eebb43e8dfeeffce999d6fa", "text": "Lou Watts Louise `` Lou '' Watts ( born 4 June 1962 ) is a British musician , perhaps best known for her vocal work with anarcho-punk and later folk band , Chumbawamba . Born in Burnley , Watts was member of Chumbawamba from their formation in 1982 until their disbandment in 2012 , making her the second-longest serving band member behind Boff Whalley . She joined Whalley , Danbert Nobacon and Midge and Tomi in 1982 to form the original line-up , and the band made their live debut in January of that year . The band gained a reputation for their anarchist views , and gained popularity for their opposition to homophobia and fascism and support of feminism and gay rights . Watts provided lead vocals for the band 's hit song Tubthumping , which gained them international recognition , and topped charts in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Italy and New Zealand as well as Tubthumping 's follow-up song Amnesia , which reached number 1 on the UK Singles Chart . They were also nominated for a Brit Award for `` Best British Single '' at the 1998 Brit Awards , at which they also performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e445a020692c531fe26d57fccc243f", "text": "Phixx Phixx were an English-Irish boy band formed in 2003 from the five runners up on British TV show Popstars : The Rivals . The original members were Andrew Kinlochan , Chris Park , Mikey Green , Peter Smith , and Nikk Mager . Between 2003 and 2005 they had four top 20 singles in the UK . They broke up in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25b5927a860ff35966965997f60bfbb9", "text": "Turrentine Jones Turrentine Jones are an English indie rock band formed in 2012 in Manchester , UK . The band consists of Julian Neville ( guitar/vocals ) , Joe Chilstone-Vause ( bass ) and Rich Watts ( drums/backing vocals ) . They have released one studio album : Our Days ( 2014 ) and one live album Live in York ( 2015 ) as well as two singles . The band cites Booker T. & the MG 's , The Mar-Keys and the Rolling Stones as influences . The band has been labelled a `` Future Classic '' and described as `` infectious blues-rock '' by national radio station , Real Radio XS and proclaimed by Hattie Pearson of XFM to be `` one of Manchester 's finest exports in recent times . '' All the music and lyrics for Turrentine Jones ' songs are written by the band 's frontman Julian Neville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d8473d64a6990d6337a3a414b1c07f4", "text": "Candy Girl (New Edition song) `` Candy Girl '' is an R&B song by boy band New Edition . Released in November 1982 , it was the first single from their debut album of the same name . It hit number one in the UK Singles Chart in May 1983 , becoming the 31st best selling single of the year there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43919a7565f64ef569950521ed1070fe", "text": "Girl Thing (album) Girl Thing is the self-titled debut and only studio album by British-Dutch girl group Girl Thing . The album is a mix of 2000s girl pop and 1970s disco . It features 16 tracks including the singles `` Last One Standing '' , `` Girls on Top '' and `` Young , Free and Happy '' , which was only released in Australia and New Zealand . The album is notable in that it includes the song `` Pure and Simple '' , which was released as the debut single by Popstars winners Hear ` Say and went on to sell over 1 million copies . Although Girl Thing are an English group , due to poor sales of their second single , `` Girls on Top '' , the album was not initially released in the UK . It was however finally released to UK iTunes 13 years after its original release , coinciding with the group 's appearance on the ITV2 television series The Big Reunion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37b2a5ad510c646ffeb01c228518dc6", "text": "Scouting for Girls Scouting for Girls are an English pop rock band . Their name is a play on the title of the 1908 Scouting handbook Scouting for Boys . The band consists of childhood friends from London , Roy Stride on piano and lead guitar/vocals , Greg Churchouse on bass guitar and Peter Ellard on percussion . Having formed in 2005 , they signed to Epic Records in 2007 . They released their self titled debut album that September and it reached number one on the UK Album Chart in 2008 . To date it has sold over 1 million copies in the UK . A second album Everybody Wants to Be on TV was released in April 2010 and peaked at number two in the charts . This was preceded by the single `` This Ai n't a Love Song '' , which went to number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks . To date , Scouting for Girls have sold over 2 million records and have been nominated for four Brit Awards and one Ivor Novello Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c539c84a4002fcd8bd9abd0cc03a61f0", "text": "The Poppy Girls The Poppy Girls is a British pop band consisting of five school-age girls from Armed Forces families . The band was first formed in 2013 with the intent to raise money for The Royal British Legion , and the members were selected from a pool of 1000 performers . Their debut single The Call ( No Need to Say Goodbye ) debuted at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and was written by Regina Spektor . The full album , No Need To Say Goodbye , entered the UK Album Chart at number 62 in its first week . In November 2013 the group performed in front of Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Minister David Cameron at the Festival of Remembrance .", "title": "" } ]
fever
72d9458a1a4387b2265c03682872b961
LeBron James is in the NBA as a player.
[ { "docid": "3b9a7681910e98e9ec527018d49504d0", "text": "2003 NBA draft The 2003 NBA draft was held on June 26 , 2003 , at The Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City , New York . The NBA announced that 41 college and high school players and a record 31 international players had filed as early-entry candidates for the 2003 NBA draft . The Cleveland Cavaliers , who had a 22.50 percent probability of obtaining the first selection , won the NBA draft lottery on May 22 , and Cleveland chairman Gordon Gund said afterward his team would select LeBron James . The Detroit Pistons and the Denver Nuggets were second and third respectively . The 2003 draft is known for having one of the most talented draft pools in draft history . Four of the top five picks are NBA All-Stars and `` Redeem Team '' Olympic Gold Medalists : Carmelo Anthony , Chris Bosh , Dwyane Wade , and LeBron James . Many players have been in the starting line-ups of their respective teams ; nine have already participated in an All-Star Game , Dwyane Wade was named NBA Finals MVP in 2006 and won the NBA All Star Game MVP in 2010 , Boris Diaw won the Most Improved Player Award in 2006 , Jason Kapono won the three point shootout back-to-back years in 2007 and 2008 , James Jones won the three point shootout in 2011 , Leandro Barbosa won the Sixth Man Award in 2007 , Kyle Korver set the NBA record for three point shooting percentage in 2010 ( 53.6 % ) , and in the 2009 , 2010 , 2012 , and 2013 seasons LeBron James won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award , and the NBA Finals MVP in 2012 , 2013 and 2016 . Carmelo Anthony won the 2013 NBA Scoring Title and is the only player in NBA history to win at least three Olympic gold medals . Chris Bosh left Toronto in 2010 as its all-time leader in points , rebounds , blocks , double doubles , free throws made and attempted , and minutes played . The 2003 draft class has drawn comparisons to the 1984 and 1996 NBA draft classes , but is also known for the Detroit Pistons making the controversial selection of Darko Miličić with the second pick over other prospects . Four of the first five picks have won an NBA Championship : Darko Miličić with the Pistons in 2004 ; Dwyane Wade with the Heat in 2006 , 2012 and 2013 ; Chris Bosh also with the Heat in 2012 and 2013 ; LeBron James with the Heat in 2012 and 2013 and in 2016 with the Cavaliers . Out of the entire draft , only Nick Collison has played his entire career for the team that drafted him , although Kirk Hinrich , after being traded twice , returned to the Bulls team that drafted him and holds the team record for most career 3-point field goals and is third all-time in games played , behind only Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen . LeBron James , who was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2003 , left for the Miami Heat in 2010 , but re-signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers on July 11 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3251b0dae2474acb63eaf4922abdc8a6", "text": "The Decision (TV special) The Decision was a television special in which free agent National Basketball Association ( NBA ) player LeBron James announced that he would be signing with the Miami Heat instead of returning to his hometown Cleveland Cavaliers . It was broadcast live on ESPN on July 8 , 2010 . James was an unrestricted free agent after playing seven seasons in Cleveland , where he was a two-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a six-time All-Star . He grew up in nearby Akron , Ohio , where he received national attention as a high school basketball star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e091276e4b6d72384d5f4c5a972c8046", "text": "2016 NBA Finals The 2016 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 2015 -- 16 season and conclusion of the 2016 playoffs . The Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers defeated the Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors 4 -- 3 in a rematch of the 2015 NBA Finals . It was the 14th rematch of the previous NBA Finals in history , and the first Finals since 2008 in which the number one seed in each conference met . It was the second straight rematch in back-to-back years , as the Miami Heat and San Antonio Spurs played each other in 2013 and 2014 . Golden State , which earned home-court advantage with setting the NBA regular season wins record ( 73 -- 9 ) , jumped to a 2 -- 0 lead in the series while recording the largest combined margin of victory ( 48 ) through two games in NBA Finals history . Cleveland returned home and responded with a 120 -- 90 win in Game 3 , but the Warriors won Game 4 to take a 3 -- 1 series lead . The Cavaliers won the next three games to become the first team in Finals history to successfully overcome a 3 -- 1 deficit . It also marked the first time since 1978 that Game 7 was won by the road team . The win by the Cavaliers was the first major professional sports championship won by a team based in Cleveland since 1964 , and the first-ever championship won by the Cavaliers franchise . NBA Finals MVP winner LeBron James propelled the Cavaliers to the historic comeback and secured his place among the all-time basketball greats . For the first time since , a new scheduling format was instituted for the Finals . In previous years , the Finals were played in a Thursday -- Sunday -- Tuesday scheme . However , the league changed its scheduling to ensure an extra day off for both teams , which have to travel from one city to another during the series . This , along with the designated travel day , took place after Games 2 , 4 , 5 , and 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a535382bd8e7ea9fc3e72e579805ed80", "text": "LeBron James LeBron Raymone James ( -LSB- ləˈbrɒn -RSB- born December 30 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . James has won three NBA championships , four NBA Most Valuable Player Awards , three NBA Finals MVP Awards , two Olympic gold medals , an NBA scoring title , and the NBA Rookie of the Year Award . He has also been selected to 13 NBA All-Star teams , 13 All-NBA teams , and six All-Defensive teams , and is the Cavaliers ' all-time leading scorer . James played high school basketball at St. Vincent -- St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron , Ohio , where he was highly promoted in the national media as a future NBA superstar . After graduating , he was selected by his home team , the Cleveland Cavaliers , as the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft . James led Cleveland to the franchise 's first Finals appearance in 2007 , ultimately losing to the San Antonio Spurs . In 2010 , he left the Cavaliers for the Miami Heat in a highly publicized ESPN special titled The Decision . James spent four seasons with the Heat , reaching the Finals all four years and winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013 . In 2013 , he led Miami on a 27-game winning streak , the third longest in league history . Following his final season with the Heat , James opted out of his contract and returned to the Cavaliers . Behind his leadership , Cleveland immediately advanced to two consecutive Finals against the Golden State Warriors , winning the championship in 2016 to end Cleveland 's fifty-two year professional sports title drought . Off the court , James has accumulated considerable wealth and fame from numerous endorsement contracts . His public life has been the subject of much scrutiny , and he has been ranked as one of America 's most influential and popular athletes . He has been featured in books , documentaries , and television commercials . He also hosted the ESPY Awards , Saturday Night Live , and appeared in the 2015 film Trainwreck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66de948af8e5c755d88182ec0e12ce33", "text": "2013 NBA Finals The 2013 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2012 -- 13 NBA season and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeated the Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs to win their second straight title . The Finals began with Game 1 on June 6 , and ended with Game 7 on June 20 . Miami became the 6th team to win consecutive NBA championships , joining the Boston Celtics ( 1959 -- 1966 , 1968 -- 1969 ) , the Los Angeles Lakers ( 1949 -- 1950 , 1952 -- 1954 , 1987 -- 1988 , 2000 -- 2002 , 2009 -- 2010 ) , the Detroit Pistons ( 1989 -- 1990 ) , the Chicago Bulls ( 1991 -- 1993 , 1996 -- 1998 ) , and the Houston Rockets ( 1994 -- 1995 ) in doing so . This series marked the fifth time the Spurs have made the NBA Finals since 1999 , second-most for any franchise in that span behind the Los Angeles Lakers . The Spurs had won all of their previous four finals appearances , putting them only behind the six-time champion Chicago Bulls for most titles without ever losing a Finals , making this series the first Finals loss in Spurs history . This series was also the first time San Antonio had played in the NBA Finals without home court advantage , as Miami had home-court advantage based on their league-best regular season record . It was the Heat 's third consecutive NBA Finals appearance , the first Eastern Conference team to achieve that since the Chicago Bulls ( 1996 -- 1998 ) . Four former NBA Finals MVPs played in the series ( the Spurs ' Tim Duncan and Tony Parker , and the Heat 's Dwyane Wade and LeBron James ) , the most since 1987 . The 2013 Finals also set a record for most international players on either Finals roster ( 10 ) . Tim Duncan became the fourth player in NBA history to make a Finals appearance in three different decades . This marked the last NBA Finals played during the tenure of NBA commissioner David Stern . In addition , it also marked the last time the Finals used the 2 -- 3 -- 2 format , after which it reverted to the 2 -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 format . Later , the Spurs and Heat would both advance to the 2014 NBA Finals , where the Spurs won in 5 games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95171374cba562e6696970047ab4f816", "text": "NBA All-Defensive Team The NBA All-Defensive Team is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) honor given since the 1968 -- 69 NBA season to the best defensive players during the regular season . The All-Defensive Team is generally composed of two five-man lineups , a first and a second team , comprising a total of 10 roster spots . Voting is conducted by a panel of 123 writers and broadcasters . Prior to the 2013 -- 14 NBA season , voting was performed by the NBA head coaches , who were restricted from voting for players on their own team . The players each receive two points for each first team vote and one point for each second team vote . The top five players with the highest point total make the first team , with the next five making the second team . In the case of a tie at the fifth position of either team , the roster is expanded . If the first team consists of six players due to a tie , the second team will still consist of five players with the potential for more expansion in the event of additional ties . Ties have occurred several times , most recently in 2013 when Tyson Chandler and Joakim Noah tied in votes received . Tim Duncan holds the record for the most total selections to the All-Defensive Team with 15 . Kevin Garnett , and Kobe Bryant follow with twelve total honors each , and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has eleven total selections . Michael Jordan , Gary Payton , Garnett , and Bryant share the record for most NBA All-Defensive first team selections with nine . Scottie Pippen , Bobby Jones , and Duncan made the first team eight times each . Walt Frazier and Dennis Rodman made the All-Defensive first team seven times . Ten players born outside the jurisdiction of the United States , plus two players born in U.S. insular areas ( territories ) , have made either the first or second All-Defensive Team -- Manute Bol , born in a part of Sudan that is now the independent nation of South Sudan ; Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria ; Patrick Ewing of Jamaica ; Dikembe Mutombo of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Andrei Kirilenko , born in the portion of the former Soviet Union that is now Russia ; Anderson Varejão of Brazil ; Thabo Sefolosha of Switzerland ; Duncan and Raja Bell of the U.S. Virgin Islands ; Luol Deng , a naturalized citizen of the United Kingdom born in what is now South Sudan ; Serge Ibaka , born in the Republic of the Congo and naturalized in Spain ; and Marc Gasol , born and primarily raised in Spain . Ewing , Olajuwon , and Kirilenko are naturalized U.S. citizens , and Duncan and Bell are U.S. citizens by birth , but they are still considered international players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. When the coaches were responsible for voting , there were occasionally inconsistencies between the All-Defensive Team and the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award , which has been voted on by the media . On four occasions , the Defensive Player of the Year winner was not voted to the All-Defensive first team in the same year . Player of the Year winners Alvin Robertson in 1986 , Dikembe Mutombo ( 1995 ) , Tyson Chandler ( 2012 ) , Marc Gasol ( 2013 ) were instead named to the second team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2fbb162baa5eb9d30dba8669d1dd1ab", "text": "2012 NBA Finals The 2012 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2011 -- 12 season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeated the Western Conference champion Oklahoma City Thunder 4 games to 1 to win their second NBA title . Heat forward LeBron James was named the Finals MVP . This marked the fourth time in franchise history that the Oklahoma City Thunder appeared in the NBA Finals , and the first time since the Seattle SuperSonics relocated from Seattle , Washington to Oklahoma City , Oklahoma in 2008 . The franchise had previously appeared as the SuperSonics in 1996 . It also marked the Miami Heat 's third appearance in the NBA Finals . The Heat previously appeared in 2006 and 2011 , both times against the Dallas Mavericks . It was the first NBA Finals in 13 seasons that was not held in either the states of California or Texas ; the 3 teams that won the previous 12 Western Conference titles the Dallas Mavericks , the Los Angeles Lakers and the San Antonio Spurs were eliminated by this season 's Western Conference champion , the Oklahoma City Thunder , in that order . The series began on June 12 , five days later than its originally planned June 7 start . This delay was due to the lockout that pushed the start of the season to late December and shortened the regular season to 66 games . The series then ended on June 21 . Under the 2 -- 3 -- 2 rotation , the Thunder had home-court advantage , since they had a better regular season record than the Heat , and thus hosted the first two games . The Heat also became the first team since the 2008 -- 09 Los Angeles Lakers to win the NBA title after losing the previous year , and the first Eastern Conference team to do so since the 1988 -- 89 Detroit Pistons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e8e4824fe52dd5befa2ee4da5cd58f3", "text": "2006–07 Cleveland Cavaliers season The 2006 -- 07 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 37th season of NBA basketball in Cleveland , Ohio . The Cavaliers finished the season with a 50 -- 32 record , a second-place finish in the Central Division , became the champions of the Eastern Conference , and made their first ever NBA Finals appearance . However , they were swept by the San Antonio Spurs in four games . LeBron James was the team 's leading scorer and finished in 2nd place in league MVP voting . The team 's season roster is featured in the video games NBA 2K16 and NBA 2K17 . Key Dates : On June 28 , the 2006 NBA draft took place in New York City . In July , the free agency period began . On October 10 , the Cavaliers ' preseason began with a 93 -- 109 loss to the Boston Celtics . On November 1 , the Cavaliers ' regular season began with a 97 -- 94 win over the Washington Wizards . On March 27 , the Cavaliers clinched a playoff berth . On June 2 , the Cavaliers won their first ever Eastern Conference championship . On June 14 , the Cavaliers ' season ended in an NBA Finals sweep to the San Antonio Spurs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21b6cf2c3dc054792dc50a275359a358", "text": "All-NBA Team The All-NBA Team is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) honor bestowed on the best players in the league following every NBA season . The voting is conducted by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada . The team has been selected in every season of the league 's existence , dating back to its inaugural season in 1946 . The All-NBA Team originally had two teams , but since 1988 it is composed of three five-man lineups -- a first , second , and third team , typically comprising a total of 15 roster spots . Players receive five points for a first team vote , three points for a second team vote , and one point for a third team vote . The five players with the highest point totals make the first team , with the next five making the second team and so forth . In the case of a tie at the fifth position of any team , the roster is expanded . If the first team consists of six players due to a tie , the second team will still consist of five players with the potential for more expansion in the event of additional ties . A tie has occurred only once , in 1952 , when Bob Davies and Dolph Schayes tied in votes received . From 1946 to 1955 , players were selected without regard to position ; however , since 1956 , each team has consisted of two guards , two forwards , and one center . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , Kobe Bryant and Tim Duncan hold the record for the most total selections with fifteen . Karl Malone and Shaquille O'Neal follow with fourteen total honors , , LeBron James has thirteen selections , while Schayes , Bob Cousy , Jerry West , Hakeem Olajuwon , Dirk Nowitzki have twelve selections . Malone , Bryant and James are tied for the most All-NBA first team honors with eleven , while Cousy , Bob Pettit , Elgin Baylor , West , Abdul-Jabbar , Tim Duncan , and Michael Jordan are all tied for second-most with ten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48a96aa619f58064a5459eb7c1341da7", "text": "List of NBA All-Stars The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) All-Star Game is an annual exhibition basketball game played between the Eastern-Conference and the Western-Conference All-Stars . It is the main event of the NBA All-Star Weekend . Twelve players -- five starters and seven reserves -- from each conference are chosen from a pool of 120 players -- 60 players from each conference with 24 guards and 24 frontcourts ( forwards and centers ) -- listed on the ballots by a panel of sport writers and broadcasters . The starters are chosen by a combination of fans , media , and current players . Fans may vote using a variety of online platforms , and account for 50 % of the vote , with the media and current players each accounting for 25 % . The reserves are chosen by voting among the head coaches of each team 's particular conference . Coaches are not allowed to vote for their own players , and can select two guards , three big men , and two players regardless of positions . If a player is unable to participate due to injury , the NBA commissioner will select a replacement . The 1999 All-Star Game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . The following is a list of NBA All-Stars , players who have been selected for the NBA All-Star Game at least once in their career . Note that the number indicates the player 's number of selections -- not the number of games played . For instance , Michael Jordan was named to the All-Star Game roster 14 times , but missed the 1986 game due to injury . As of the 2017 All-Star Game , 411 players have been selected to an All-Star Game roster at least once . However , only 283 of them have earned multiple selections to the game . Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul-Jabbar holds the record for most All-Star Game selections and most All-Star Games played . He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All-Star games . Dirk Nowitzki and LeBron James both hold the record for most All-Star Game selections among active players , with 13 selections . Bob Cousy , John Havlicek , and LeBron James are tied for the most consecutive games actually played , appearing in 13 straight All-Star Games . Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All-Star Games if the lockout-cancelled 1999 game is excluded . Several players were named to All-Star Game rosters , but never actually played in the game due to injury . __ NOTOC __ Note : Statistics are correct as of the conclusion of the 2017 NBA All-Star Game .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "c0be58a585e4507649d469c217ea3e6f", "text": "2002 NBA Finals The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001 -- 02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets four games to none to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC -- the ( to date ) last NBA games broadcast on the network . Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 . Will Lyman narrated the season-ending documentary for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4277598f81ce4dd04f958739997763", "text": "Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbec041e2e2dc46834222dcd70e02b44", "text": "2009–10 Boston Celtics season The 2009 -- 10 Boston Celtics season was the 64th season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The Celtics finished with a record of 50 -- 32 , a 12 win drop off from the previous season . They finished 1st in the Atlantic Division and 4th in the Eastern Conference . The Celtics made it back to the NBA Finals after a one-year hiatus and played against the Los Angeles Lakers . Facing a rematch of the 2008 NBA Finals , in which the Celtics defeated the Lakers in six games to capture their seventeenth championship , the Celtics were defeated this time in seven games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2e0bf00166ed28318fcaabd2ff5ac8", "text": "Ed Macauley Charles Edward `` Ed '' Macauley ( March 22 , 1928 -- November 8 , 2011 ) was a professional basketball player in the NBA . His playing nickname was `` Easy Ed . '' Macauley spent his prep school days at St. Louis University High School , then went on to Saint Louis University , where his team won the NIT championship in 1948 . He was named the AP Player of the Year in 1949 . Macauley played in the NBA with the St. Louis Bombers , Boston Celtics , and St. Louis Hawks . Macauley was named MVP of the first NBA All-Star Game ( he played in the first seven ) , and was named to the NBA 's All-NBA First Team three consecutive seasons . He was named to the All-NBA second team once , in 1953 -- 54 -- the same season he led the league in field goal percentage . Macauley 's trade ( with Cliff Hagan ) to St. Louis brought Bill Russell to the Celtics . In the two years he coached with the Hawks , he led them to an 89 -- 48 record , with a 9 -- 11 playoff record . Macauley scored 11,234 points in ten NBA seasons and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1960 . At age 32 , he still holds the record for being the youngest male player to be admitted . His uniform number 22 was retired by the Celtics and he was also awarded a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame . In 1989 Macauley was ordained a deacon of the Catholic Church . With Father Francis Friedl , he coauthored the book Homilies Alive : Creating Homilies That Hit Home . He died on November 8 , 2011 , at his home in St. Louis , Missouri . He was 83 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f95a6b11ca0432f58d14ef6e4722f4b", "text": "2004–05 Cleveland Cavaliers season The 2004-05 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 35th season of NBA basketball in Cleveland , Ohio . During the offseason , the Cavaliers acquired Drew Gooden from the Orlando Magic . In his second season , expectations were high for LeBron James as the Cavaliers hoped for a return to the playoffs . Through the first half of the season , the Cavs held a 30 -- 21 record at the All-Star Break as James was selected to his first All-Star selection in the 2005 NBA All-Star Game . However , as March began , the Cavaliers were unable to upgrade at the trading deadline as the team went on a 6-game losing streak . Head coach Paul Silas was fired and replaced by interim Brendan Malone . The Cavaliers finished the season with a 42 -- 40 record , a fourth-place finish in the Central Division , and barely missed out of the playoffs , losing a tiebreaker for the 8th spot to the New Jersey Nets . Despite their collapse , James had an outstanding sophomore season averaging 27.2 points , 7.4 rebounds and 7.2 assists per game . Key dates : On June 24 , the 2004 NBA Draft , took place in New York City , New York . In July , the free agency period began . On September 15 , the Cavaliers named Brendan Malone assistant coach . On October 14 , the Cavaliers ' preseason began with a 94 -- 102 loss to Memphis . On November 3 , the Cavaliers ' regular season began with a 104 -- 109 2OT loss to Indiana . On March 21 , head coach Paul Silas was fired and Brendan Malone was named interim head coach . Mike Bratz and Wes Wilcox were added to Malone 's staff as assistants . On April 20 , the Cavaliers ' season ended in a 104 -- 95 win over the Toronto Raptors . On April 21 , Jim Paxson was fired as President of Basketball Operations and General Manager .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9bdb0d54d73e3ced82b49ab59d691c5", "text": "NBA Live 96 NBA Live 96 is the second installment of the NBA Live video games series . The PC and PlayStation covers features Shaquille O'Neal of the Orlando Magic , while the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis box covers show a photo of the tip-off to Game 1 of the 1995 NBA Finals . The game was published by EA Sports and released on November 30 , 1995 . The PlayStation and PC versions were the first games in the series to feature a 3D rendered court , allowing for multiple camera angles using EA 's `` Virtual Stadium '' technology ( also used by FIFA Soccer 96 ) . The on-court player graphics remained 2D sprites . It was also the first NBA Live game released for the PlayStation . NBA Live 96 is followed by NBA Live 97 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ff1570bb3a667557dcb83141f2cbbd", "text": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association All-Star Game Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given to the player ( s ) voted best of the annual All-Star Game . The award was established in 1953 when NBA officials decided to designate an MVP for each year 's game . The league also re-honored players from the previous two All-Star Games . Ed Macauley and Paul Arizin were selected as the 1951 and 1952 MVP winners respectively . The voting is conducted by a panel of media members , who cast their vote after the conclusion of the game . The player ( s ) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award . No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . , the most recent recipient is New Orleans Pelicans forward Anthony Davis . Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times . Oscar Robertson , Michael Jordan , and Shaquille O'Neal have each won the award three times , while Bob Cousy , Julius Erving , Isiah Thomas , Magic Johnson , Karl Malone , Allen Iverson , LeBron James and Russell Westbrook have all won the award twice . James ' first All-Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years , 1 month . Kyrie Irving , winner of the 2014 All-Star Game MVP , is the second-youngest at 21 years , 10 months . They 're notable as being the two youngest to win the award , both as Cleveland Cavaliers . Four of the games had joint winners -- Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959 , John Stockton and Malone in 1993 , O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000 , and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009 . O'Neal became the first player in All-Star history to share two MVP awards . The Los Angeles Lakers have had eleven winners while the Boston Celtics have had eight . Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Irving of Australia are the only winners not born in the United States . Both Duncan and Irving are American citizens , but are considered `` international '' players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. No player trained entirely outside the U.S. has won the award ; Irving lived in the U.S. since age two , and Duncan played U.S. college basketball at Wake Forest . Bob Pettit ( 1958 , 1959 ) and Russell Westbrook ( 2015 , 2016 ) are the only players to win consecutive awards . Pettit ( 1956 ) , Bob Cousy ( 1957 ) , Wilt Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Bill Russell ( 1963 ) , Oscar Robertson ( 1964 ) , Willis Reed ( 1970 ) , Dave Cowens ( 1973 ) , Michael Jordan ( 1988 , 1996 , 1998 ) , Magic Johnson ( 1990 ) , Shaquille O'Neal ( 2000 ) , and Allen Iverson ( 2001 ) all won the All-Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season ; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times . 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All-Star Game : Macauley ( 1951 ) , Cousy ( 1957 ) , Pettit ( 1958 , 1962 ) , Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Adrian Smith ( 1966 ) , Rick Barry ( 1967 ) , Jerry West ( 1972 ) , Tom Chambers ( 1987 ) , Jordan ( 1988 ) , Karl Malone ( 1993 ) , John Stockton ( 1993 ) , O'Neal ( 2004 , 2009 ) , Bryant ( 2011 ) and Davis ( 2017 ) ; Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All-Star Games ( 18 ) without winning the All-Star Game MVP , while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All-Star Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee11e69a77917a6ba1a4aeb61140ce67", "text": "Jim Palmer (basketball) James G. `` Jim '' Palmer ( June 8 , 1933 -- September 16 , 2013 ) was an American professional basketball player . Palmer was selected in the 1957 NBA Draft ( second round , 12th overall ) by the St. Louis Hawks . He played collegiately at the University of Dayton from 1954 to 1957 before embarking on his professional basketball career . His first stop was in the National Industrial Basketball League playing for the Peoria Cats . After one season , Palmer moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in which he played the next three seasons , splitting his career between the Cincinnati Royals and New York Knicks . In his final year of professional ball , Palmer played in the American Basketball League . Palmer died on September 16 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ec5630aa261b5dae95c093e42cd67f2", "text": "Jerome James Jerome Keith James ( born November 17 , 1975 ) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Atenienses de Manatí of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional ( BSN ) . Originally from Tampa , Florida , James played college basketball at Florida A&M for three seasons and was the national leader in blocks per game in the 1997 -- 98 season , his junior year . James declared for the 1998 NBA Draft after his junior year , and the Sacramento Kings selected James in the second round of the draft . Over the course of his career , he has played for the Kings , Seattle SuperSonics and New York Knicks . He has also played for KK Budućnost Podgorica and the Harlem Globetrotters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19be0e868f60d06916a2a519cd63eedc", "text": "2016–17 Cleveland Cavaliers season The 2016 -- 17 Cleveland Cavaliers season is the 47th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . For the first time in franchise history , the Cavaliers entered the season as the defending NBA champions . The Cavaliers also broke the record of most made three-pointers in a regular season game with 25 against the Atlanta Hawks . The Cavaliers finished the regular season with a 51 -- 31 record , securing the 2nd seed . In the playoffs , the Cavaliers defeated and swept the Indiana Pacers in four games in the First Round , advancing to the Semifinals . They then defeated and swept the Toronto Raptors in four games , advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals . They defeated the Boston Celtics in five games to advance to the NBA Finals for the third straight season . In the 2017 NBA Finals , the Cavaliers will face the Golden State Warriors for the third straight year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1e9ef0a488dab1463dd2f62d344fd4", "text": "James Scott (basketball) James Lamont Scott ( born June 30 , 1972 ) in Paterson , New Jersey is an American former professional basketball player . He graduated from EastSide High School in 1991 , where he was named McDonald 's High School `` All-American '' Basketball Player . After graduating from EastSide High School in 1991 , James attended Spartanburg Methodist Junior College , graduating with an associate degree in Criminal Justice . There is where he earned honors as a two-time Junior College `` All-American '' , with an average of 23 points , 10 rebounds , and 10 assists . James Scott along with Larry Johnson , a now retired NBA athlete who played for the Charlotte Hornets and the New York Knicks , are the only two freshman players in Junior College history to be named two time `` All-American '' . After graduating from St. John 's University in 1995 , he went unselected in the 1995 NBA draftScott carved out a career primarily in France , Germany , Greece , Israel , Italy , Kosovo , Spain , Turkey , and also Russia , although he did play for the NBA 's Miami Heat for eight games in the beginning of the 1996 -- 97 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "220c1ca4dba3100657ff46044893f9cc", "text": "James White (basketball) James William White IV ( born October 21 , 1982 ) is an American professional basketball player for Petrochimi Bandar Imam of the Iranian Basketball Super League . Standing at a height of 6 ' 7 '' , and weighing 215 lbs , he plays the positions of shooting guard and small forward . White earned the nickname ` Flight 75 ' due to his leaping ability . White is well known for his athleticism and his ability to dunk . Since high school , his most famous dunk has been the between-the-legs dunk , with many variations . He is also known for his ability to jump from the free throw line and dunk a basketball with both hands . ` Flight ' White was a runner-up in two notable dunk contests : behind future University of Florida and Golden State Warriors power forward David Lee in the 2001 McDonald 's High School Slam Dunk Contest , and behind North Carolina 's David Noel in the NCAA College Slam Dunk Contest during the 2006 Final Four weekend .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c09dd0e1b78910b5a38c81b2105ea30", "text": "List of all-time NBA win-loss records The following is a listing of all 30 current National Basketball Association ( NBA ) teams ranked by win-loss record percentage , accurate as of the end of the 2016 -- 17 NBA season . The records do not count wins and losses recorded by a team 's playing time in the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) , despite the 1976 NBA-ABA merger . The San Antonio Spurs have the highest win-loss record percentage , with . The Minnesota Timberwolves have the lowest win-loss record percentage , with . The Boston Celtics have recorded the most wins , with 3,274 , while the Sacramento Kings have recorded the most losses at 2,955 . The Boston Celtics lead the association with the most played games , with 5,560 . Conversely , the Pelicans have played the least overall games , with 1,132 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e48427c3eb829098e06ac4376a51684", "text": "1998 NBA Finals The 1998 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1998 playoffs of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the 1997 -- 98 NBA season . The Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls played against the Western Conference champion Utah Jazz , with the Jazz holding home-court advantage with the first 2 games in Salt Lake City . In a repeat of the previous year 's Finals , the Bulls won the series 4 games to 2 for their third consecutive NBA title and their sixth in eight seasons . Michael Jordan was voted the NBA Finals MVP of the series ( he also had won the award the last five times the Bulls won the Finals : 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , and 1997 ) . This would be his sixth NBA championship and sixth Finals MVP award in six full basketball seasons . Until 2014 , it was the last consecutive Finals rematch between two teams . The 1998 Finals garnered the highest Nielsen TV ratings in NBA history at 18.7 , and even surpassed the Nielsen ratings for the 1998 World Series , marking the first time the NBA had a higher rating in its championship round than of Major League Baseball 's championship round . The 1998 NBA season documentary `` Unforgettabulls '' was the first of five narrated by Will Lyman through NBA Entertainment , which recaps the entire Bulls ' season . Rick Telander narrates on the opening credits . Marv Albert narrates the timeline of Michael Jordan 's career with the Bulls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4f447aa17033adf4fa3309000d5ae12", "text": "List of American Basketball Association awards and honors The American Basketball Association ( ABA ) was a professional basketball league that operated from the until it ceased to exist with the ABA -- NBA merger in 1976 . The ABA presented a variety of annual awards and honors to recognize its players and executives . There were six awards presented by the ABA . Three Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) awards were presented annually in the All-Star Game , the regular season , and the playoffs . In sports , the player judged to be the most important to the team is the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . Other annual awards include the Executive of the Year , the Coach of the Year , and the Rookie of the Year . Honors were also presented to players who excelled in the respective categories of : best players , best defensive players , and best rookies . The Executive of the Year Award and the All-Defensive Team started in the , while the rest started in the first season . Julius Erving has won the most ABA awards with five MVP awards -- three in the regular season and two in the playoffs . Artis Gilmore has won the most ABA honors with nine . A total of 80 ABA players and executives have received at least one award or honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3d969775f0c99af3a083340a61c9f2f", "text": "Eastern Conference (NBA) The Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association is made up of 15 teams , organized in three divisions . The three division winners and the non-division winner with the best record are seeded 1 through 4 for the playoffs in order of their records , with all remaining non-division winners seeded 5 through 8 . This leaves open the possibility that a # 2 or # 3 seed could be a non-division winner . Home-court advantage in a playoff series is decided by record , not by seeding , so if the # 4 and # 5 teams meet in a playoff series in which the # 5 team has the better record , the # 5 team would have home-court advantage . The reasoning behind this seeding arrangement is that a non-division winner could have a better record than the winners of the two divisions other than the non-division winning team in question . If the three division winners were seeded 1 through 3 for the playoffs in order of their records , and all non-division winners seeded 4 through 8 , it would be possible for the two best teams of the conference to meet in the Conference Semifinals . This actually happened in the 2006 NBA Playoffs when the two best teams in the Western Conference , the San Antonio Spurs and the Dallas Mavericks , both from the Southwest Division , faced one another in the Western Conference Semifinals while the 3rd seed , the Northwest Division-leading Denver Nuggets , had fewer wins than the 4th , 5th , 6th , and 7th seeds.The NBA proposed and approved of the current format to ensure that the best two teams of a conference can meet no earlier than the Conference Finals . The Eastern Conference playoffs are divided into two preliminary rounds followed by the Eastern Conference Finals , with the winner of the Conference Championship facing the Western Conference champion in the NBA Finals to determine the champion . All playoff series are best-of-seven . The current divisional alignment was adopted at the start of the 2004 -- 05 season , when the now Charlotte Hornets began play as the NBA 's 30th franchise . This necessitated the move of the New Orleans Pelicans from the Eastern Conference 's Central Division to the newly created Southwest Division of the Western Conference", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda6e622e79992b344ebb3e301cb4727", "text": "NBA Stories NBA Stories is a show where it features the stories about the NBA teams , players , and coaches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eefde00047e14008a809ab3f4508a88", "text": "History of basketball The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield , Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football . The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed , first in America and then throughout the world . After basketball became established in American colleges , the professional game followed . The American National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , established in 1946 , grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century , and basketball became an integral part of American culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42eac86be393e0c692f6fbdf2ddd438", "text": "Sign and trade In the National Basketball Association , a sign-and-trade agreement is a type of contract ( allowed by the collective bargaining agreement -LSB- CBA -RSB- ) wherein one franchise/team signs an unrestricted free agent player to a new contract , only to then immediately trade him to another team ( of the player 's choosing ) . This is typically done to enable the player to obtain a higher salary and/or greater number of years on their contract than NBA salary cap rules ordinarily allow the destination team , itself , to provide the player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8556322c795599e904b3e9faa704ec6", "text": "NBA high school draftees The NBA high school draftees are players who have been drafted to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) straight out of high school without playing basketball at the collegiate level . The process of jumping directly from high school to the professional level is also known as going prep-to-pro . Since 2006 , the practice of drafting high school players has been prohibited by the new collective bargaining agreement , which requires that players who entered the draft be 19 years of age and at least one year removed from high school . Contrary to popular belief , the player does not have to play at least a year in college basketball , as the player can choose to instead play in another professional league ( especially overseas ) like Brandon Jennings or Emmanuel Mudiay in Italy and China respectively , simply take the year off , such as the case with Satnam Singh Bhamara , or even hold themselves back a year in high school before declaring for the draft , such as the case with Thon Maker . The NBA has long had a preference for players who played basketball at the collegiate level ; the vast majority of players to play in the NBA have had college experience . However , there have been numerous notable players who attended high school in the United States and then jumped directly to the NBA without playing college basketball .", "title": "" } ]
fever
4b2a718ec128d18689c16df59408664a
Beverly Hills, 90210 was a non-political or social commentary show.
[ { "docid": "ef425c8568665ad7b0d31498551c0491", "text": "Beverly Hills, 90210 Beverly Hills , 90210 is an American drama television series that ran for ten seasons -- originally airing from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , on Fox , and was produced by Spelling Television in the United States -- and subsequently on numerous networks around the world . It is the first of five television series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The show follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California as they make their way through high school to college and into the adult world . The show was created by Darren Star and executive producers Charles Rosin ( originally ) followed in later seasons by Aaron Spelling , E. Duke Vincent , Paul Waigner , Steve Wasserman , and Jessica Klein . The `` 90210 '' in the title refers to one of the city 's five ZIP codes . The initial premise of the show was based on the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon ( Jason Priestley ) and Brenda Walsh ( Shannen Doherty ) experienced when they and their parents , Jim ( James Eckhouse ) and Cindy ( Carol Potter ) moved from Minneapolis , Minnesota to Beverly Hills . In addition to chronicling the friendships and romantic relationships of the characters , the show also addressed numerous topical issues such as date rape , gay rights , animal rights , alcoholism , drug abuse , domestic violence , sex , antisemitism , racism , teenage suicide , teenage pregnancy , and AIDS . Beverly Hills , 90210 was named one of the Best School Shows of All Time by AOL TV . After a poor start in the ratings during its first season , the series gained popularity during the summer of 1991 , when Fox aired a special `` summer season '' of the show while most other series were in reruns . The series became one of Fox 's top shows when it began its next season that fall . Viewership increased dramatically and the cast members , particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry , became teen idols , while the series would make actresses Shannen Doherty , Jennie Garth and Tori Spelling household names in the US . The show also had many cast changes , with Garth , Spelling , Ian Ziering and Brian Austin Green being the only actors to appear during its entire run .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5b4bbc1956cc6ad28023a6f9639874", "text": "Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 . Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide . At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0bc7c1a262a9b6ae03ff04dbd50086f", "text": "Beverly Hills, Missouri Beverly Hills is a city in St. Louis County , Missouri , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 574 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf4c21f2574bac40110da37034fa8cc", "text": "The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "879456dc2d42e2b58767a30e9dd461e7", "text": "Beverly Hills Madam Beverly Hills Madam ( also known as Ladies of the Night ) is a 1986 American made-for-television drama film directed by Harvey Hart and starring Faye Dunaway , Melody Anderson , Donna Dixon and Robin Givens . It was broadcast on NBC on April 6 , 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6b2add0ac891609f11337636b954c93", "text": "Vanderpump Rules After Show Vanderpump Rules After Show is an American television talk show that premiered on November 6 , 2015 on Bravo . The show is a spin-off of the reality series Vanderpump Rules , making it the second spin-off of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills , which both air on the same network . Vanderpump Rules features Lisa Vanderpump , one of the main cast members of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills , in the title role and her staff members at a restaurant called SUR located in West Hollywood , California which is owned by Vanderpump . Vanderpump Rules After Show features conversations between the cast members of Vanderpump Rules discussing the same week 's events and answering questions about their lives both on and off the show . The talk show is hosted by Julie Goldman and Brandy Howard . The series , which premiered airing concurrent to season four of Vanderpump Rules , did n't return to air concurrent to season 5 of the series , nor has it aired any further episodes online .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3127d2ce9db188586c949584e9ab7ce", "text": "The Jay Leno Show The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno . Premiering on NBC on September 14 , 2009 , the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9 , 2010 . The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show -- specifically , Jay Leno 's incarnation of The Tonight Show , opening with a comedic monologue , followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments . Sketches from The Tonight Show ( including Headlines and Jaywalking ) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show , along with new sketches . The program was the result of a compromise by NBC Universal 's then-CEO Jeff Zucker to keep Jay Leno with the company following his retirement from The Tonight Show and replacement with Conan O'Brien . The Jay Leno Show was also intended to provide NBC with an alternative to the high-cost scripted dramas aired by competing networks in its time slot ; the network believed that the lower cost of production , in combination with product placement deals , meant that the program did not necessarily have to be highly viewed in order to turn a profit . NBC hoped to attract Leno 's existing fans , as well as a larger primetime audience than that of his late-night program . The Jay Leno Show was met with mixed reception from critics , who felt that the series had little differentiation from Leno 's Tonight Show . Others were critical of NBC 's decision to give up an hour of its weeknight lineup to Leno , due to the network 's past success with dramas airing in the time slot , while one NBC affiliate notably planned to not air the show at all , although this decision was retracted due to complaints by the network . Although viewership of The Jay Leno Show was initially on par with NBC 's projections , by November , the program 's ratings began to fall significantly . NBC 's affiliates complained that the declining viewership of The Jay Leno Show also had a ripple effect on the viewership of their late local newscasts . In an effort to address the concerns , NBC announced in January 2010 that it would , following the 2010 Winter Olympics , shorten The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour , and move it to 11:35 p.m -- the timeslot that had been occupied by The Tonight Show for nearly 60 years , and bump Tonight to 12:05 a.m. NBC 's decision resulted in a major public conflict between the network and Conan O'Brien , who asserted that the move would damage the highly respected Tonight Show franchise , and that he would not participate in the program if it were moved to 12:05 . Despite much support for O'Brien from both the public and media professionals alike , NBC maintained its plan to move Leno to 11:35 . On January 21 , 2010 , NBC reached a $ 45 million settlement with O'Brien in order to end his contract . The Jay Leno Show ended on February 9 , 2010 , after being on the air for only four months , with Entertainment Weekly calling the program television 's `` Biggest Bomb of All Time . '' Leno resumed his duties as host of The Tonight Show on March 1 , 2010 , in a final stint that lasted until his February 2014 succession by Jimmy Fallon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "487cee946e016723e5a6af07d7e1b38d", "text": "Top of the Hill Top of the Hill is a political drama series aired by CBS as part of its 1989 fall lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4560eb3bc497b271b96273053107e0c", "text": "Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field . The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer . The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives . Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times . The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0174b0f0f512029d3432dc3e9165137d", "text": "List of Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles episodes Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles ( previously Million Dollar Listing ) is an American reality television series on Bravo that debuted on August 29 , 2006 . The series chronicles the professional and personal lives of four real estate agents -- Josh Flagg , Josh Altman , James Harris , and David Parnes -- based in Beverly Hills , Hollywood , and Malibu , California as they sell high-end properties . It also gives viewers an inside look at the world of high-priced real estate in Los Angeles County . The series has three spin-offs , Million Dollar Listing New York , which premiered on March 7 , 2012 , Million Dollar Listing Miami , which premiered June 25 , 2014 , and Million Dollar Listing San Francisco , which premiered July 8 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0", "text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de618f64d3c06a7157a7ddc9cf31e1b0", "text": "9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre . The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) . Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5c466744d971f086da5aa6b0dc26281", "text": "Rich Kids of Beverly Hills Rich Kids of Beverly Hills ( stylized as #RichKids of Beverly Hills ) is an American reality television series that premiered on E! , on January 19 , 2014 . The series focuses on the lives of a group of twenty-something millionaires and billionaires ( by inheritance ) showcasing their lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9375a4df28e9473833829ee47c65a9ce", "text": "Social conservatism in the United States Social conservatism in the United States is a political ideology focused on the preservation of traditional values and beliefs , hearkening back to values believed to be present at the American founding . It focuses on a concern with moral and social values which proponents of the ideology see as degraded in modern society by social democracy and liberalism . Social conservatism , while defined differently by many scholars , is often conflated with religious conservatism . Religious conservatives push for a focus on Judeo-Christian traditions as a guiding force for the country on social issues , leading them to be considered social conservatives . Social conservatives are concerned with many social issues such as abortion , sex education , gun control , the equal rights amendment , school prayer , same-sex marriage , and many others . They oppose many of the cultural changes brought on by the culture wars and the sexual revolution . Summarily , this branch of conservatism is concerned with moral and social issues within the United States and uses tradition , strict morals , and religion as solutions for these problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8312a68a15e05f8a230679cf28ca0c1", "text": "Factual television Factual television is a genre of non-fiction television programming that documents actual events and people . These types of programs are also described as documentary , observational documentary , fly on the wall , docudrama , and reality television . Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television , the term factual television has most commonly been used to describe programs produced since the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5937f3cfe0e0c63419b79273fbc167a", "text": "Century City (TV series) Century City is an American science fiction-legal drama television series set in Los Angeles in the year 2030 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
ee917a7aad8af09209bbe889df736db5
Titanic was released in 2000.
[ { "docid": "d68e5b4c683e763454868b0ff652a5fc", "text": "Titanic (1997 film) Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance-disaster film directed , written , co-produced , and co-edited by James Cameron . A fictionalized account of the sinking of the RMS Titanic , it stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet as members of different social classes who fall in love aboard the ship during its ill-fated maiden voyage . Cameron 's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks ; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster . Production began in 1995 , when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck . The modern scenes on the research vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh , which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck . Scale models , computer-generated imagery , and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California were used to re-create the sinking . The film was partially funded by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox . It was the most expensive film made at that time , with an estimated budget of $ 200 million . Upon its release on December 19 , 1997 , Titanic achieved critical and commercial success . Nominated for fourteen Academy Awards , it tied All About Eve ( 1950 ) for the most Oscar nominations , and won eleven , including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director , tying Ben Hur ( 1959 ) for the most Oscars won by a single film . With an initial worldwide gross of over $ 1.84 billion , Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark . It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron 's 2009 film Avatar surpassed it in 2010 . A 3D version of Titanic , released on April 4 , 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking , earned it an additional $ 343.6 million worldwide , pushing the film 's worldwide total to $ 2.18 billion . It became the second film to gross more than $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ae8a89fe4606681e5c8611168b35f16f", "text": "RMS Carpathia RMS Carpathia was a Cunard Line transatlantic passenger steamship built by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson . Carpathia made her maiden voyage in 1903 and became famous for rescuing the survivors of rival White Star Line 's after it struck an iceberg and sank with a loss of 1,517 lives on 15 April 1912 ; Carpathia braved dangerous ice fields and diverted all steam power to her engines in her attempt to aid the ship . She arrived two hours after Titanic had sunk and was able to rescue 705 survivors from the ship 's lifeboats . Carpathia herself was sunk on 17 July 1918 during the First World War after being torpedoed by the German submarine U-55 off the Irish coast . Five of her crew lost their lives in the sinking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8286ee7c8e2c1ce73c57414343e24ee5", "text": "Deep Water (film) Deep Water is a documentary film , directed by Jerry Rothwell and Louise Osmond , produced by Jonny Persey , opening in the UK on 15 December 2006 . It is based on the true story of Donald Crowhurst and the 1969 Sunday Times Golden Globe Race round the world alone in a yacht . The film has received critical acclaim . The official poster quotes The Daily Telegraph , `` A movie which will reduce the hardest of hearts to a shipwreck '' . The film won the Best Documentary award at the 2006 Rome International Film Festival and a commendation in the Australian Film Critics Association 2007 Film Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06589870ae168dc53b0f8f108660e19a", "text": "BFI TV 100 The BFI TV 100 is a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute ( BFI ) , chosen by a poll of industry professionals , to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0736a6f3ea06694d55479fd0f5f59b67", "text": "Voyage of Terror Voyage of Terror is a 1998 movie about a virus outbreak on a ship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1ab5ce6e7ee934a758923adf142ebd3", "text": "James Pandu James Pandu is an Indian Tamil film released in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4bb897f46ce1daddff0c522df04b8b", "text": "Top 2000 The Top 2000 is an annual marathon radio program , that plays the 2000 most popular songs of all time , from Christmas through New Year 's Eve . Hosted by Dutch national radio station Radio 2 , over half of the population of the Netherlands listens to the broadcast each year . Starting in 1999 , the Top 2000 was intended to be a one-time event , but due to the program 's popularity , Radio 2 chose to make it an annual program , traditionally broadcast from midnight on Boxing Day and continuing until midnight of New Year 's Eve . However , as of 2009 , the show begins broadcasting at noon on December 25 , Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "799db4267a7a7be654771d9e7aea398f", "text": "Liam (film) Liam is a 2000 British-German film directed by Stephen Frears and written by novelist/screenwriter Jimmy McGovern . McGovern ( perhaps best known as the creator of British TV crime drama Cracker ) adapted Joseph Mckeown 's novel Back Crack Boy into this emotionally raw meditation on innocence and pain . Frears in turn was influenced by James Joyce 's accounts of his stern childhood in late 19th century Catholic Dublin . Megan Burns won the Marcello Mastroianni Award at the 57th Venice International Film Festival for her performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecba68340784fd8fd976b53b6f301956", "text": "The Wedding Tackle The Wedding Tackle is a 2000 British comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84de9a71c438db2b451ac5905d06a65c", "text": "Still Waters (2000 film) Still Waters ( -LSB- Тихие омуты , Tikhie omuti ) -RSB- is 2000 Russian romantic comedy directed by Eldar Ryazanov .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30330c91b9e341f4c860390f23576d0f", "text": "Godzilla 2000 is a 1999 Japanese science fiction kaiju film featuring Godzilla , produced and distributed by Toho . The film is directed by Takao Okawara , written by Hiroshi Kashiwabara and Wataru Mimura , and stars Takehiro Murata , Hiroshi Abe , Naomi Nishida , Mayu Suzuki and Shiro Sano . It is the 24th film in the Godzilla franchise , the 23rd Godzilla film produced by Toho , the first film in the Millennium series , and Toho 's second reboot of the Godzilla franchise . The film was released on December 11 , 1999 . Sony Pictures Entertainment 's TriStar division released the film in the United States and Canada in August 2000 as Godzilla 2000 . The film , along with the other films in the Millennium series , ignores continuity established by any previous films and also follows the original film from 1954 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1eb189897d5610223002042c6d0fee3", "text": "Titanic II (film) Titanic II ( also entitled Titanic 2 ) is a 2010 low-budget disaster film written , directed by , and starring Shane Van Dyke and distributed by The Asylum . Despite this title , the film is not a sequel to the 1997 film by James Cameron , although movie website Dread Central has suggested the film may be a mockbuster of it . It was released direct-to-TV in Australia on August 7 , 2010 . It premiered on Syfy on Sky in the UK and Ireland on August 9 . It was released on August 25 in the United States . The film is set on a fictional replica Titanic that sets off exactly 100 years after the original ship 's maiden voyage to perform the reverse route , but global warming and the forces of nature cause history to repeat itself on the same night , only on a more disastrous and deadly scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca76765d91a1fe5dfefdd10e3056573", "text": "The Price of Milk The Price of Milk is a 2000/2001 Australian/New Zealand/American romantic fantasy film . It was directed by New Zealand actor and director Harry Sinclair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e505ce08107a4dd04fb27d9bc65582d", "text": "Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges . Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a35c4429330cd037e79612cc506aab", "text": "Filson Young Alexander Bell Filson Young ( 1876 -- 1938 ) was a journalist , who published the first book about the sinking of the RMS Titanic , called Titanic , published in 1912 only 37 days after the sinking . He was also an essayist , war correspondent in the Boer War and World War I , a programmes advisor to the BBC , and the author of two novels . Beside his literary work , he was an organist and composer , and a pioneer of motoring and aviation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaad66e7543cf381949cfed126f4e866", "text": "RMS Baltic (1903) RMS Baltic was an ocean liner of the White Star Line that sailed between 1904 and 1933 . At 23,876 gross tons , she was the world 's largest ship until 1905 . She was the third of a quartet of ships , all measuring over 20,000 gross tons , dubbed The Big Four ( the other three being , , and ) . She was launched on 21 November 1903 by Harland and Wolff at Belfast and sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to New York on 29 June 1904 with Captain Edward Smith in command . On 23 January 1909 ( commanded by J. B. Ranson ) , she rescued survivors of the collision in fog between the White Star Line 's and the off the north eastern coast of the United States , after which Republic sank . On 30 June 1910 Baltic was in collision with the German steamer Standard . Baltic was holed above the waterline while Standards bow was badly damaged . On 14 April 1912 , Baltic sent an ice warning message to the : `` Greek steamer Athenia reports passing icebergs and large quantities of field ice today in latitude 41 ° 51 ' N , longitude 49 ° 52 ' W. Wish you and Titanic all success . Commander . '' She was also involved in a rescue on 6 December 1929 , when she assisted the sinking schooner Northern Light . On 17 February 1933 , she sailed for Osaka , Japan where she was scrapped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f244412156317b9033eb10972db237", "text": "Deep Waters (1948 film) Deep Waters is a 1948 drama film directed by Henry King . The film is based on the 1946 novel Spoonhandle written by Ruth Moore and was nominated for a 1949 Academy Award for Best Special Effects ( specifically , for the storm at sea sequence ) , but lost to Portrait of Jennie . The film was released in the UK in 1949 , a year after its American theatrical release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f1751891e90e3197f86338f6eb706de", "text": "Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 In United States maritime law , the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 ( 46 U.S.C. app . § 183 ( 1984 ) ) historically , or ( 46 U.S.C. § § 30501 - 30512 ) since Feb. 1 , 2010 states that the owner of a vessel may limit damage claims to the value of the vessel at the end of the voyage plus `` pending freight , '' as long as the owner can prove it lacked knowledge of the problem beforehand . This Act was the subject of a 2001 United States Supreme Court case in Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine , Inc. . . Historically the statute has been invoked to limit the liability of certain parties in the sinking of the RMS Titanic and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9d5194ad1b9c6050faca19ce42d10f7", "text": "The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the `` Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time '' according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by Sight & Sound and published in the journal 's September 2012 issue . They published the critics ' list , based on 846 critics , programmers , academics , and distributors , and the directors ' list , based on 358 directors and filmmakers . Sight & Sound , published by the British Film Institute , has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
976dd09ae467988dd279a9c375f0a6b0
2001: A Space Odyssey was edited using the studio facilities of Shepperton Studios.
[ { "docid": "27d198178276cdf2f38f0284f37e25b2", "text": "2001: A Space Odyssey (film) 2001 : A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science-fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick . The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke , partially inspired by Clarke 's short story `` The Sentinel '' . Clarke concurrently wrote the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey , published soon after the film was released . The film follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer Hal after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution . It deals with the themes of existentialism , human evolution , technology , artificial intelligence , and extraterrestrial life . It is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight , pioneering special effects , and ambiguous imagery . It uses sound and minimal dialogue in place of traditional narrative techniques ; the soundtrack consists of classical music such as Gayane Ballet Suite , The Blue Danube , Also sprach Zarathustra , and pieces from contemporary composer György Ligeti . 2001 : A Space Odyssey was financed and distributed by American studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , but it was filmed and edited almost entirely in England using the studio facilities of the MGM-British Studios and those of Shepperton Studios , mostly because of the availability of much larger sound stages than in the United States . Production was subcontracted to Kubrick 's production company , and care was taken that the film would be sufficiently British to qualify for subsidy from the Eady Levy . Kubrick had shot his previous two films in England and decided to settle there permanently during filming . 2001 : A Space Odyssey initially received mixed reactions from critics and audiences , but it garnered a cult following and slowly became the highest-grossing North American film of 1968 . It was nominated for four Academy Awards and received one for its visual effects . The sequel 2010 was released in 1984 , directed by Peter Hyams . Today , 2001 : A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made . In 1991 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . The critics ' polls in the 2002 and 2012 editions of Sight & Sound magazine ranked 2001 : A Space Odyssey sixth in the top ten films of all time ; it also tied for second place in the directors ' poll of the same magazine . In 2010 , it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e9ce6631f05fa6c17b812e149b1ed8cf", "text": "Ocean Odyssey (TV series) Ocean Odyssey ( working title Oceans ) is a two-part , two-hour ( the two parts last an hour long ) television programme produced for the BBC by the production company Impossible Pictures . It follows the life of a bull sperm whale from his first deep dive until his death , stranded on a beach ( originally it was to be a voyage in a submarine ) . Unlike most Impossible Pictures productions , it uses CGI to recreate currently living rather than extinct creatures . Most of the backgrounds are also CG . Category : BBC Television programmes Category : British television miniseries", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99da6a6086e2a302fe8deabb9b7579cc", "text": "John Howlett John Howlett is an English author and screenwriter living in Rye , East Sussex . He started his writing career by co-writing the screenplay of the 1968 feature film if ... '' , directed by Lindsay Anderson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278bb64c1d9973a1d105a9adbcfd7210", "text": "Millennium Actress is a 2001 Japanese animated comedy-drama adventure film co-written and directed by Satoshi Kon and animated by Studio Madhouse . Loosely based on the lives of actresses Setsuko Hara and Hideko Takamine , it tells the story of two documentary filmmakers investigating the life of a retired acting legend . As she tells them the story of her life , the difference between reality and cinema becomes blurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7481e4d842f3fe073d2b72ce24ab3f", "text": "Walton Studios Walton Studios ( previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios ) , was a film production studio situated in Walton-on-Thames , in the county of Surrey , in England . The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th Century led to a decline in work for the facility , and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was closed in 1961 . The Studio was subsequently demolished and the land sold for house building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74247d4a5f60f7cdf79c05ddc2b6e8bb", "text": "Studio 2000 Studio 2000 was a gay pornographic film studio based in San Francisco , California . It was founded in 1992 by producer Scott Masters and director John Travis . It was then owned by two former Falcon Entertainment executives who purchased the studio in April 2006 upon the retirement of Masters and Travis . AEBN acquired the studio in 2011 and currently owns it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f3160380a41b3074e4bcb7a5405d4df", "text": "Eldorado Recording Studios Eldorado Recording Studios is a recording studio in Burbank , California originally established in 1954 at the corner of Hollywood and Vine as a workshop for Johnny Otis . In 1987 , due to damage the building sustained from numerous earthquakes , Eldorado was located to late Marvin Gaye 's former studio on Sunset Boulevard , where many successful albums were recorded during the alternative rock and grunge-era ( 1989 to 1996 ) . The studio was relocated to its current location in Burbank in 1996 , designed and built from the ground up by Steven Klein . Eldorado is notable for recording albums or simply tracks by Canned Heat , Slayer , Brian Eno , Talking Heads , The Red Hot Chili Peppers , Herbie Hancock , Jane 's Addiction , Social Distortion , Alice in Chains , MxPx , The Offspring , Beowülf , Against Me ! , Head Automatica , Avenged Sevenfold , My Chemical Romance , Anthrax , Kreator , Icehouse and many more . Eldorado is a full-service studio primarily dedicated to the production and recording of a wide range of artists and clients . Having served as `` home base '' to producer Dave Jerden from 1981 to 2004 , Eldorado now caters to a variety of top notch producers , engineers and artists , including Butch Vig , Rob Cavallo , Ben Harper , Marshall Altman , Jason Lader , Lukas Burton , Don Gehman , Joe Zook , Jeff Trott , Brian Scheuble , Doug McKean , Don Murray , Jeff Saltzman , and Toby Wright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c062ce5d527d8181abffa8183e35a2a", "text": "David A. Goldsmith David A. Goldsmith lives and works in the UK and Italy . His career in television spans the vast technological changes : from film to videotape ; from black & white to colour ; from terrestrial to satellite ; from the UK 's three national networks to the plethora of channels today ; from analogue to digital ; from 405 lines to High Definition . He moved through the ranks : from a Programme Assistant in educational television to a presenter of Ready Steady Go ! ; from film Location Manager at the newly formed Yorkshire TV to Programme Director ; from drama to current affairs ; from making documentaries in ITV to directing at ITN where he won a BAFTA award covering the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege . Other experiences include : teaching at the then London College of Printing , TV production for the Metropolitan Police , directing the pan-European satellite experiment , setting up the BBC 's school of TV Journalism in Bucharest , starting the RGB news production Partnership , and as a Vice President at ScanSat Broadcasting launching its news department . In 1993 he acted as an advisor to a start up television company in Hungary . Assisted in the production of a documentary about the British television industry . His documentaries mainly in the field of human rights range : from the 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi to Amnesty International 's concern about the state of human rights in Mexico ; from following the Six-Day War in Jerusalem to the role of policewomen under the Equal Opportunities Act ; from World War I Old Contemptibles in Flanders to Hells Angels in Great Britain . His enthusiasm for the documentary led to his book The Documentary Makers published by RotoVision . Since 2006 he has been developing a film project to be shot in Venezuela .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383bd34e66ef3baafab261e30cb49dcc", "text": "Peter Pitt Peter Pitt is a British film editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc1500bf16f8080eea1ee73f811daa11", "text": "Ian Caple Ian Caple is an English recording engineer , record producer , and mixer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7", "text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac266bc8a1c71a7b9a42f4f2b8f2482a", "text": "Muriel Box Muriel Box ( 22 September 1905 -- 18 May 1991 ) was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director . She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth , Surrey , England in 1905 . When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful , she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures . In 1935 , she met and married journalist Sydney Box , with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups . Their production company , Verity Films , first released short propaganda films , including The English Inn ( 1941 ) , her first directing effort , after which it branched into fiction . The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil ( 1945 ) for which they gained the Academy Award for Best Writing , Original Screenplay in the following year . After the war , the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures , where she was in charge of the scenario department , writing scripts for a number of light comedies , including two for child star Petula Clark , Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts ( both 1948 ) . She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director , or re-shot scenes during post-production . Her extensive work on The Lost People ( 1949 ) gained her a credit as co-director , her first for a full-length feature . In 1951 , her husband created London Independent Producers , allowing Box more opportunities to direct . Many of her early films were adaptations of plays , and as such had a stage-bound feel , since she rarely shot on location . They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style . She favoured scripts with topical and frequently controversial themes , including Irish politics , teenage sex , abortion , illegitimacy , and syphilis , and several of her films were banned by local authorities . She pursued her favorite subject -- the female experience -- in a number of films , including Street Corner ( 1953 ) about women police officers , Somerset Maugham 's The Beachcomber ( 1954 ) , with Donald Sinden and Glynis Johns as a resourceful missionary , again working with Donald Sinden on Eyewitness ( 1956 ) and a series of comedies about the battle of the sexes , including The Passionate Stranger ( 1957 ) , The Truth About Women ( 1958 ) and her final film , Rattle of a Simple Man ( 1964 ) . Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry , especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female . In 1950 , Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair , and Kay Kendall unsuccessfully attempted to do the same with Simon and Laura ( 1955 ) . Many producers questioned her competence to direct large-scale feature films , and while the press was quick to note her position as one of very few women directors in the British film industry , their tone tended to be condescending rather than filled with praise . She left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house , Femina , which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism . She divorced Sydney Box in 1969 . The following year , she married Gerald Gardiner , who had been Lord Chancellor . She died in Hendon , London in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01f2b5cafa1579f340ac59c16b4c3ef3", "text": "British and Dominions Imperial Studios British and Dominions Imperial Studios was a short-lived British film production company located at Imperial Place , Elstree Way , Borehamwood , Hertfordshire that was active from 1929 to 1936 , when it ceased production when the studio facilities were destroyed by fire . British and Dominion Imperial was a successor to British National Pictures , which began operations in 1925 and was taken over by British International Pictures in 1927 . In the horizontal integration industrial production paradigm that characterized the motion picture industry before the Great Depression , British and Dominion Imperial was incorporated for the purpose of physically producing sound films , and the new studio at Borehamwood was the first purpose-built sound studio in Europe . Blackmail ( 1929 ) , directed by Alfred Hitchcock and the first British talkie , was made at the facility by the company . Other filmmakers who worked for British and Dominions Imperial included producer Anthony Havelock-Allan , who made Lancashire Luck ( 1937 ) there . Alexander Korda 's London Films produced The Private Life of Henry VIII , which featured an Oscar-winning performance by Charles Laughton , at British and Dominion Imperial . The studio was destroyed by fire on 9 February 1936 . The Herbert Wilcox production London Melody ( 1937 ) had to be completed at Pinewood Studios . In 1996 , a plaque was placed at the location of the former studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b56ba3a8a213819334a64dce62d53e94", "text": "Electric Lady Studios Electric Lady Studios is a recording studio located at 52 West Eighth Street in Greenwich Village , New York City . It was originally built by Jimi Hendrix and designed by John Storyk in 1970 . Hendrix spent only four weeks recording in Electric Lady before his death , but it has since been used by many notable artists , see below List of Artists Recorded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5e8b15649bb8891fe000cfbd770433a", "text": "Vegas Movie Studio Vegas Movie Studio ( previously Sony Vegas Movie Studio ) is a consumer-based nonlinear video editing software designed for the PC . It is a scaled-down version of Vegas Pro . Movie Studio was formerly called `` Sonic Foundry VideoFactory '' and then `` Sony Screenblast Movie Studio , '' . As of version 13 , Vegas Movie studio is now part of Magix GmbH after Sony had officially announced it had sold most of its creative software suit to the German based company . On February 14 , 2017 , Magix announced a brand new version of Vegas movie studio , Vegas movie studio 14.0 , which is the first stable release of Vegas movie studio since 2014 and Magix first stable release since its acquisition from Sony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3658416903671b0d3ca466912af0312c", "text": "Hookend Recording Studios Hook End Recording Studios is a recording studio located in Hook End Manor , near Checkendon , Oxfordshire , England . Marillion 's Steve Hogarth has called it `` probably England 's most luxurious recording studio '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa4a81deed780f49c0114fb0964fa08d", "text": "Toe Rag Studios Toe Rag Studios is an analogue recording studio located in Hackney , London , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bea5144378c83aef23ea8275cbde992", "text": "BBC Radiophonic Workshop The BBC Radiophonic Workshop , one of the sound effects units of the BBC , was created in 1958 to produce effects and new music for radio . It was closed in March 1998 , although much of its traditional work had already been outsourced by 1995 . The original Radiophonic Workshop was based in the BBC 's Maida Vale Studios in Delaware Road , Maida Vale , London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33998ce19836706355b5d0c3e3ac2fdb", "text": "Bray Studios (UK) Bray Studios is a film and television facility at Bray , near Maidenhead , Berkshire , England . The model and miniature filming for the film Alien was shot there , as well as The Rocky Horror Picture Show . It is best known for its association with Hammer Film Productions and contains four stages , plus offices and workshops . Hammer originally leased country houses in which to shoot films , until the company eventually purchased Down Place on the banks of the Thames near Bray . After using every room and angle in its films , it later enlarged the house into the Bray Studios of today . The last Hammer production made at Bray was The Mummy 's Shroud , which wrapped on 21 October 1966 . Hammer sold the studio in November , 1970 . Bray Studios continues to host television , film work and band rehearsals today . Bray Studios is now under threat of redevelopment into a residential area under the current owner of the studio who has claimed there is no call for the studio any more , despite having refused a number of applications by productions to use the facilities . A pressure group is currently trying to save the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79757eabbfea2de203a8d5629ea0df16", "text": "Liberty Studios Liberty Studios is the longest-running production house in continuous operation in New York City producing films , video , advertising and e-commerce productions . The studio was founded in 1963 by Anthony Lover . Liberty Studios has received both Emmy and Academy Award nominations . Liberty 's most notable creation is HBO 's program opening sequence `` HBO in Space '' . The studio has created and produced numerous award-winning television commercials , Broadway promotions , pro bono public service announcements , music videos and feature films .", "title": "" } ]
fever
b1cc10f961efb9d87d4f59c7d3d88ba6
Batman: The Killing Joke was illustrated by Jack Kirby.
[ { "docid": "87cf8fa39db5b80e2b4704f84d35d3f7", "text": "Batman: The Killing Joke Batman : The Killing Joke is a 1988 DC Comics one-shot graphic novel featuring the characters Batman and the Joker written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Brian Bolland . The Killing Joke provides an origin story for the supervillain the Joker , loosely adapted from the 1951 story arc `` The Man Behind the Red Hood ! '' . Taking place over two timelines , The Killing Joke depicts the Joker attempting to drive Jim Gordon insane and Batman 's desperate attempt to stop him . Created by Moore and Bolland as their own take on the Joker 's source and psychology , the story became famous for its origin of the Joker as a tragic character ; a family man and failed comedian who suffered `` one bad day '' that finally drove him insane . Moore stated that he attempted to show the similarities and contrasts between the two characters . The story 's effects on the mainstream Batman continuity also included the shooting and paralysis of Barbara Gordon ( a.k.a. Batgirl ) , an event that laid the groundwork for her to develop the identity of Oracle . Many critics consider the graphic novel to be the definitive Joker story and one of the best Batman stories ever published . The comic won the Eisner Award for ` Best Graphic Album ' in 1989 and appeared on The New York Times Best Seller List in May 2009 . In 2006 , The Killing Joke was reprinted as part of the trade paperback DC Universe : The Stories of Alan Moore . In 2008 , DC Comics reprinted the story in a deluxe hardcover edition , which features new coloring by Bolland , with a more somber , realistic , and subdued palette than the original . Elements of The Killing Joke have inspired or been incorporated into other aspects of Batman media , such as films and video games .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "25eac6cf6a251e248f8d7ab0fd85f21d", "text": "Gotham Central Gotham Central is a police procedural comic-book series that was published by DC Comics . It was written by Ed Brubaker and Greg Rucka , with pencils initially by Michael Lark . The story focused on the Gotham City Police Department and the difficulties of its officers living and working in Gotham City , home of Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46db5b50f797cc28c675283b2cc88ffb", "text": "Batman: The 12 Cent Adventure Batman : The 12 cents Adventure is a one-shot comic written by Devin Grayson and illustrated by Ramon Bachs with a cover date of October , 2004 . It is a prelude to the Batman : War Games storyline that ran in 2004 and 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfd61ae578d2e40d60a291bb0659100a", "text": "Scene of the Crime (comics) Scene of the Crime is a four-issue comic book miniseries published in 1999 by DC Comics written by Ed Brubaker pencilled and inked by Michael Lark and also inked by Sean Phillips following the first issue . Scene of the Crime follows private detective Jack Herriman as he is hired to track down a missing person in and around San Francisco . Herriman is in his mid to late twenties and runs his office from the first floor of an art gallery called Scene of The Crime which is owned and run by his uncle Knut Herriman . In the story Knut is a famous crime scene photographer and uses his reputation to aid Jack at several points throughout the story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7972c63f1c6835cf4b68a15fb0a88b4", "text": "Jack Sparling John Edmond Sparling ( June 21 , 1916 -- February 15 , 1997 ) , better known as Jack Sparling , was a Canadian comics artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e3de7771d21e1012a5f5038e78d357", "text": "Chic Stone Charles Eber `` Chic '' Stone ( January 4 , 1923 -- July 28 , 2000 ) was an American comic book artist best known as one of Jack Kirby 's Silver Age inkers , including on a landmark run of Fantastic Four .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b80b35a47f21412aac8661be4a3654cb", "text": "Dark Knight (nickname) The Dark Knight is the nickname of the superhero Batman who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . Batman was first referred to by the nickname in Batman # 1 ( Spring 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7a5a2cda2ca5d3ac3663e935d4d3bf", "text": "Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? `` Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader ? '' is a 2009 story featuring the DC Comics character Batman . The story is published in two parts , in the `` final '' issues of the series Batman ( # 686 ) and Detective Comics ( # 853 ) , released February and April respectively . Written by Neil Gaiman , pencilled by Andy Kubert , and inked by Scott Williams , the story is purported to be the `` last '' Batman story in the wake of severe psychological trauma that Batman endures within the Batman R.I.P. story , and his ultimate fate in Final Crisis . The story 's title is a reference to the backup stories published in DC Comics Presents from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s ( which revisited various long-unused Golden Age and Silver Age characters ; these stories were all titled `` Whatever Happened to ( x ) ? '' ) akin to writer Alan Moore 's `` last '' Superman story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54dabc390cfa41d7ed103136c6f40468", "text": "Batman & Dracula trilogy The Batman and Dracula trilogy is a group of American comics stories which began with Batman & Dracula : Red Rain , a 1991 graphic novel by Doug Moench and Kelley Jones , in DC Comics ' Elseworlds line of alternate reality stories . It spawned two sequels by the same creative team ; Batman : Bloodstorm and Batman : Crimson Mist . DC Comics later released The Batman and Dracula trilogy in a trade paperback collection , entitled Tales of the Multiverse : Batman - Vampire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86380c5b75a32ebd82aa279efab73d56", "text": "Black Joke (manga) is a Japanese manga series written by Rintaro Koike and illustrated by Masayuki Taguchi . It is based in a fictional world where Japan is the 51st state of the United States , and a man-made island known as Neon is the only place in American territory where gambling and prostitution are legal . The island of Neon is home to many members of numerous mafia organizations . The story centers on Kira Kiyoshi , an ex-Marine and manager of the Onsen Hotel on the island of Neon , as well as a member of the only Japanese mafia on the island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c49c202a58967630459a1d60497ac154", "text": "Nights of Horror Nights of Horror is a series of fetish comic books , created in 1954 by publisher Malcla , drawn by comic artist Joe Shuster , who is also one of the original creators of Superman . The comic stories were written by an author under the pseudonym Clancy , who also used other pseudonyms for different issues of the books . The stories are based on situations of BDSM , bondage , torture , and sexual slavery , featuring both men and women as the tormentors and victims . The series was important in the conviction of Jack Koslow in 1954 , during the trial of the Brooklyn Thrill Killers . The books themselves were seized and banned first by New York City , then by the State of New York for violating obscenity laws , and the case went to the Supreme Court of the United States . The Court determined that the ban was not in violation of First Amendment Rights , and upheld New York 's request for destroying copies of Nights of Horror . Shuster was never named as the illustrator until Gerard Jones published the information in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b6867afa58a3ede4a04a751ac621914", "text": "Cartoonist A cartoonist ( also comic strip creator ) is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons . This work is often created for entertainment , political commentary , or advertising . Cartoonists may work in many formats , such as animation , booklets , comic strips , comic books , editorial cartoons , graphic novels , manuals , gag cartoons , graphic design , illustrations , storyboards , posters , shirts , books , advertisements , greeting cards , magazines , newspapers , and video game packaging .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a8657c06afb438f60bf922db251712", "text": "Death's Head Death 's Head is a fictional character appearing in British comics and American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a robotic bounty hunter ( or rather , as he calls himself , a `` freelance peace-keeping agent '' ) . The character was created by writer Simon Furman and artist Geoff Senior for the company 's Marvel UK imprint . Furman decided to use Death 's Head in his Transformers stories , but believed that characters appearing in Transformers `` were prone to be absorbed into that title 's catchall copyright '' ( allowing Hasbro to contest their ownership ) and led to a one-page strip titled `` High Noon Tex '' ( which was subsequently published in various Marvel UK titles ) being hastily created to establish Marvel 's ownership of the character . Furman has stated that he chose the name Death 's Head for the character while unaware of the `` Nazi-connotations of the name '' . The character was later redesigned and relaunched as Death 's Head II , acting as one of the flagship characters for Marvel UK 's 1990s expansion . This version of Death 's Head also inspired two spin-off characters , Death Wreck and Death Metal , each of which starred in its own limited series . Later , in 2005 , fans used a poll on Marvel 's website to vote for the character 's return . This led to a third version of Death 's Head , Death 's Head 3.0 , created by original Death 's Head writer Simon Furman . Simon Furman said in 2011 that the character was still popular because `` he 'll never change or compromise or grow or repent or agonise like most comic book characters . He 's this unchanging , uncompromising rock that other characters bounce off . But you still kind of love him . Weird . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf789691a82a61bbc807d937d5c5f5e1", "text": "Wayne of Gotham Wayne of Gotham is a novel by Tracy Hickman and is about the fictional superhero Batman . The book was published on December 4 , 2012 . A GraphicAudio audiobook was recorded in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ac586ee826cdf853d46056a85d48a2", "text": "Dick Grayson Richard John `` Dick '' Grayson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with Batman . Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and illustrator Jerry Robinson , he first appeared in Detective Comics # 38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin . In Tales of the Teen Titans # 44 ( July 1984 ) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing , created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez . The youngest in a family of acrobats known as the `` Flying Graysons '' , Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them . Batman ( Bruce Wayne ) takes him in as a legal ward ( retconned as an adopted son in some cases ) and the crime-fighting partner Robin . He is written by many authors as the first son of Batman . As well as being Batman 's crime-fighting partner , Dick establishes himself as the leader of the Teen Titans , a team of teenage superheroes . As a young man , he retires as Robin and takes on his own superhero identity to assert his independence , becoming Nightwing . As Nightwing , he continues to lead the Teen Titans and later the Outsiders . In the first volume of his eponymous series ( 1996 -- 2009 ) , he becomes the protector of Blüdhaven , Gotham 's economically troubled neighboring city , the locale the character is most closely associated with . He has also served stints protecting the streets of New York , Chicago and Gotham in other runs over the years . Dick Grayson has taken on the identity of Batman on a few occasions . Following `` Batman : Knightfall '' , Grayson declines taking up the mantle of Batman while the original was recovering from a broken back as he feels Nightwing is a hero in his own right and not Batman 's understudy , but after the events of the Zero Hour miniseries later that year , he replaces Bruce Wayne as Batman , beginning in Robin # 0 ( 1994 ) and extending throughout the Batman : Prodigal storyline in 1995 . Dick again assumes the mantle following the events of `` Batman R.I.P. '' ( 2008 ) and Final Crisis ( 2008 -- 9 ) . As Batman , Dick moves to Gotham City following his mentor 's apparent death and partners with the fifth Robin , Damian Wayne . On Bruce 's return , both men maintained the Batman identity until 2011 , when Dick returned to the Nightwing identity with DC 's The New 52 continuity reboot . In a 2014 comic story , Dick is forced to abandon the Nightwing identity after being unmasked on TV and faking his death , setting up Tim Seeley 's Grayson comic book , Dick becomes Agent 37 , Batman 's mole in the nefarious spy organization Spyral . Following the conclusion of the Grayson series , and the restoration of his secret identity in the series ' final issue , Dick returns to being Nightwing as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch in 2016 . Dick Grayson has appeared as Robin in several other media adaptations : the 1943 serial played by Douglas Croft , the 1949 serial played by Johnny Duncan , the 1966 -- 1968 live action Batman television series and its motion picture portrayed by Burt Ward , played by Chris O'Donnell in the 1995 film Batman Forever and its 1997 sequel Batman & Robin . Loren Lester voiced the character as Robin in Batman : The Animated Series and later as Nightwing 's first screen adaptation in The New Batman Adventures . In May 2011 , IGN ranked Dick Grayson # 11 on their list of the `` Top 100 Super Heroes of All Time '' . In 2013 , ComicsAlliance ranked Grayson as Nightwing as # 1 on their list of the `` 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66104da057d16380d6dae935f0bcd161", "text": "William Gaines William Maxwell `` Bill '' Gaines ( -LSB- geɪnz -RSB- March 1 , 1922 -- June 3 , 1992 ) , was an American publisher and co-editor of EC Comics . Following a shift in EC 's direction in 1950 , Gaines presided over what became an artistically influential and historically important line of mature-audience comics . He published the popular satirical magazine Mad for over 40 years . He was posthumously inducted into the comic book industry 's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame ( 1993 ) and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame ( 1997 ) . In 2012 , he was inducted into the Ghastly Awards ' Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21945e34fa5f0fd0c73927e633363dad", "text": "Sonny Sumo Sonny Sumo is a fictional sumo wrestler , a comic book superhero published by DC Comics . He first appeared briefly in Forever People vol . 1 # 4 ( September 1971 ) , and was created by Jack Kirby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9d150a583ae9dd0c39c70572dc3b70", "text": "Infinite Comics Infinite Comics is an imprint of comic books published by Marvel Comics , featuring original , made-for-digital stories about the company 's superhero characters , including Spider-Man , Wolverine , the Guardians of the Galaxy , the Silver Surfer , the X-Men and the Avengers . The imprint was launched in 2012 with the publication of Avengers vs. X-Men # 1 : Infinite featuring Nova . Infinite Comics are designed for horizontal , on-screen reading . Rather than telling a story over a series of static pages that are divided into panels , Infinite Comics present screens of content that `` take advantage of the digital format with techniques that would not be possible in a print comic , like dynamic panel transitions and captions or dialogue boxes that appear sequentially on an image at the prompting of the reader . '' The user retains control over the pace of the reading experience , advancing the story with each swipe -- sometimes staggering elements into the existing screen ( for example , a new word balloon ) and at other times revealing an entirely new screen . This narrative technique was inspired by the work of a French comic book artist , Yves Bigerel ( alias `` Balak '' ) , who was recruited by Marvel as artistic consultant , storyboarder and artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c41bc359d723c3ca55f99c77ddf6631", "text": "Mister Mxyzptlk Mister Mxyzptlk ( -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtlɪk -RSB- , -LSB- ˈmɪksɪlplɪk -RSB- or -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtəlɪk -RSB- ) , sometimes called Mxy , is a fictional impish character who appears in DC Comics ' Superman comic books , sometimes as a supervillain and other times as an antihero . Mr. Mxyzptlk was created to appear in Superman # 30 ( Sept. 1944 ) , in the story `` The Mysterious Mr. Mxyzptlk '' , by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Ira Yarborough . But due to publishing lag time , the character saw print first in the Superman daily comic strip by writer Whitney Ellsworth and artist Wayne Boring . He is usually presented as a trickster , in the classical mythological sense , in that he possesses reality warping powers with which he enjoys tormenting Superman in a cartoonish way . In most of his appearances in DC Comics , he can be stopped only by tricking him into saying or spelling his own name backwards ( Kltpzyxm - `` kel-tip-zix-um '' ) , which will return him to his home in the 5th dimension and keep him there for a minimum of ninety days . However , this specific limitation of the character has been eliminated since the Crisis on Infinite Earths reboot , upon which the character leaves only when he willingly agrees to do so after meeting some conditions he sets , such as having Superman succeed in getting Mxyzptlk to paint his own face blue . In 2009 , Mister Mxyzptlk was ranked as IGN 's 76th-Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0d8fdc0fbe4e2b3fee74e9e7c63619", "text": "Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development . Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil . Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1bf8f7e94a76b0477bcc2506fdb0c3f4
Whiplash features J. K. Simmons.
[ { "docid": "2fea2f80055afd58462c33a58e33f7c0", "text": "Whiplash (2014 film) Whiplash is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle , depicting the relationship between an ambitious jazz student ( Miles Teller ) and an aggressive instructor ( J. K. Simmons ) . Paul Reiser co-stars as the student 's father . The film opened in limited release domestically in the US and Canada on October 10 , 2014 , gradually expanding to over 500 screens and finally closing after 24 weeks on March 26 , 2015 . Over this time the film grossed $ 49 million , against a production budget of $ 3.3 million . Whiplash premiered in competition in the US Dramatic Category at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 16 , 2014 , as the festival 's opening film . Sony Pictures Worldwide acquired the international distribution rights . At the 87th Academy Awards , Whiplash won Best Film Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Supporting Actor for Simmons , and was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "018cc4d9fa416b829115f54ee978d8f4", "text": "James Remar William James Remar ( born December 31 , 1953 ) , is an American actor and voice actor . He played Richard , the on-off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall 's character in Sex and the City , Ajax in The Warriors ( 1979 ) , homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat : Annihilation ( 1997 ) , Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries , Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street ( 1994 ) , and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter . Since 2009 , he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad7dba2a460762454142215e52963a3b", "text": "Whipped (film) Whipped is a 2000 comedy film directed by Peter M. Cohen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e53e574a28fbaba5ebe93c294efaac7", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack) The Fast and the Furious is the first of two soundtracks based on the major motion picture The Fast and the Furious . The soundtrack reached number seven on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top Soundtracks . The album went platinum in 2002 in both the United States and Canada . The single released from the soundtrack is `` Put It on Me '' and `` Furious '' by Ja Rule , `` POV City Anthem '' by Cadillac Tah , Good Life ( Remix ) by Faith Evans and `` Justify My Love '' by Vita . The Limp Bizkit single `` Rollin ' ( Urban Assault Vehicle ) '' , which is the remix to `` Rollin ' ( Air Raid Vehicle ) '' , is also featured on the soundtrack . The song features DMX , Method Man and Redman and is produced by Swizz Beatz . The soundtrack exclusively featured artists from Irv Gotti 's label The Inc. . Records such as Ja Rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57a4179df61e794bc018be111d756bff", "text": "Kings of South Beach Kings of South Beach is a film written by Nicholas Pileggi about an infamous operator of nightclubs in the South Beach section of Miami Beach , Florida . The lead character is portrayed by Jason Gedrick ; his best friend is portrayed by Donnie Wahlberg . The film premiered on March 12 , 2007 on the A&E Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e9b699ba4893e25acc9e2c035ed849", "text": "Kentucky Jones Kentucky Jones is a half-hour comedy/drama starring Dennis Weaver as Kenneth Yarborough `` K.Y. or Kentucky '' Jones , D.V.M. , a recently widowed former horse trainer and active horse farm owner , who becomes the guardian of Dwight Eisenhower `` Ike '' Wong , a 10-year-old Chinese orphan , played by Ricky Der . Harry Morgan , previously of the CBS sitcoms December Bride and Pete and Gladys , was featured in the series as Seldom Jackson , a former jockey who assists Dr. Jones . Cherylene Lee appears as Annie Ng , Ike 's friend . Arthur Wong portrays Mr. Ng , Annie 's father . Keye Luke ( 1904-1991 ) stars as Mr. Wong , a friend of Dr. Jones . Nancy Rennick ( 1932-2006 ) appears as Miss Throncroft , a social worker . Kentucky Jones , which ran on NBC from September 19 , 1964 , to September 11 , 1965 , was the first of four television series starring Weaver after he left the role of the marshall 's helper Chester Goode on CBS 's western classic Gunsmoke . Richard Bull , who later portrayed the henpecked storekeeper Nels Oleson on NBC 's Little House on the Prairie , appeared twice on Kentucky Jones as Harold Erkel in episodes entitled `` The Victim '' and `` The Return of Wong Lee '' ( also with Malcolm Atterbury ) . Other selected episodes and guest stars include : `` Hello Ike '' , the series premiere , with Diane Brewster and Marlyn Mason as Doris Caine , `` Spare the Rod '' ( Paul Fix as Judge Perkins ) , `` Wildcat Soup '' ( Tyler McVey ) , `` Ike 's Song '' ( Pat Harrington , Jr. ) , `` The Big Shot '' ( Harry Townes ) , `` The Music Kids Make '' ( Philip Abbott and Robby Weaver ( born 1953 ) , Dennis Weaver 's son ) , `` The Big Speech '' ( Charles Lane ) , `` Feminine Intrusion '' ( Spring Byington , of December Bride and Laramie , as Mrs. Jolly , hired by Dr. Jones to cook a meal as payment of a debt ) , `` Most Precious Gold '' ( Strother Martin ; episode focuses on a camping trip ) , and `` Kentucky 's Vacation '' ( Yvonne Craig ) , the series finale . A Buzz Kulik Production in association with NBC , Kentucky Jones was filmed at Desilu Studios in Culver City , California . The series first aired on Saturdays at 8:30 Eastern from September 19 to December 26 . It switched to 7 p.m. on January 2 for the remainder of its run through September 11 , 1965 . Rebroadcasts began on April 17 . In the 8:30 slot , the program faced competition from the first season of the CBS sitcom Gilligan 's Island , with Alan Hale , Jr. , and Bob Denver , and the first half of ABC 's The Lawrence Welk Show . In the move to a half-hour earlier , having swapped time slots with The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo , CBS offered The Jackie Gleason Show , and ABC aired the science fiction series , The Outer Limits . In the second time slot , Kentucky Jones followed the NBC adventure series Flipper starring Brian Kelly . After Kentucky Jones , young Der ( born ca. 1954 ) acted only one more time , as Mickey in a 1965 episode `` So Long , Patrick Henry '' of NBC 's I Spy starring Bill Cosby and Robert Culp . In January 1967 , Harry Morgan advanced to Jack Webb 's second version of Dragnet in the role of Officer Bill Gannon , and later , on M * A * S * H as Col. Sherman T. Potter . In September of that year , Weaver starred with child actor Clint Howard in the CBS family drama Gentle Ben .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3813928354bbdf1e3061c8f6cf50c4", "text": "Vibrato systems for guitar A variety of mechanical vibrato systems for guitar have been developed since the 1920 's . They are used to add vibrato to the sound by changing the tension of the strings , typically at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a controlling lever ( often referred to as a whammy bar , vibrato arm/bar , or incorrectly as tremolo arm/bar ) . The lever enables the player to quickly vary the tension and sometimes the length of the strings temporarily , changing the pitch to create a vibrato , portamento or pitch bend effect . Instruments without this device have other bridge and tailpiece systems . The mechanical vibrato systems began as a device for more easily producing the vibrato effects that blues and jazz guitarists had long produced on arch top guitars by manipulating the tailpiece with their picking hand . However , it has also made many sounds possible that could not be produced by the old technique , such as the 1980s-era shred guitar `` dive bombing '' effect . Since the regular appearance of mechanical vibrato systems in the 1950s , they have been used by many guitarists , ranging from the gentle inflections of Chet Atkins , the exaggerated twang effects of Duane Eddy and the buoyant effects of surf music aficionados like The Ventures , The Shadows and Dick Dale . In the 1960s and 1970s , vibrato arms were used for more pronounced effects by Jimi Hendrix , Jeff Beck , David Gilmour , Ritchie Blackmore , Jimmy Page , and Frank Zappa . In the 1980s , shred guitar virtuosos such as Eddie Van Halen , Joe Satriani and Steve Vai , and metal guitarists such as Ritchie Blackmore and Kirk Hammett used the `` whammy bar '' in a range of metal-influenced styles . The pitch-bending effects , whether subtle inflections or exaggerated effects , have become an important part of many styles of electric guitar . Terje Rypdal , David Torn and David Duhig have added to the language and extended techniques of vibrato bar usage . Despite the common misnomer tremolo arm , these devices can not produce tremolo in the normal sense of the word , but can produce vibrato ; while some electronic `` vibrato units '' used by electric guitarists generally produce a tremolo effect , rather than vibrato . See `` Vibrato or Tremolo '' . Guitars equipped with any vibrato system can be harder to re-string , tune , and keep in tune than `` stop-tail '' ( fixed tailpiece ) guitars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1515b28f393f800036d3ab905b558353", "text": "Ron Simmons Ronald Simmons ( born May 15 , 1958 ) is an American retired professional wrestler and football player . He performed for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) under his real name , and in the World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWF/E ) under both his real name and the ring names Faarooq Asaad ( sometimes spelled Asad ) and Faarooq ( sometimes spelled Farooq ) . He is signed with WWE , working in their Legends program . In WCW , Simmons was a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion ; as the first African American to win the title , he is recognized by WWE as the first black world heavyweight champion in professional wrestling history . He was also a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion with Butch Reed and a one-time WCW United States Tag Team Champion with Big Josh . In ECW , Simmons headlined the 1994 edition of the company 's premier annual pay-per-view event , November to Remember , in a match for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship . In the WWF , he was a three-time WWF Tag Team Champion with Bradshaw as one half of the Acolytes Protection Agency . Former leader of stable The Nation of Domination , Simmons also competed for the company 's singles championships on pay-per-view and television , headlining the 1997 King of the Ring event against The Undertaker for the WWF Championship . He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2012 . Prior to becoming a professional wrestler , Simmons was an American college and pro football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League ( NFL ) , Canadian Football League ( CFL ) and United States Football League ( USFL ) for four seasons during the 1980s . He played college football for Florida State University , and was recognized as an All-American . He played professionally for the NFL 's Cleveland Browns , the CFL 's Ottawa Rough Riders and the USFL 's Tampa Bay Bandits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c9e56c03c861e2cafbf17636389a426", "text": "Def Comedy Jam Def Comedy Jam is an HBO television series produced by Russell Simmons . The series had its original run from July 1 , 1992 to January 1 , 1997 . The show returned on HBO 's fall lineup in 2006 . Def Comedy Jam helped to launch the careers of several African-American stand-up comedians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201527d5975d379c612591829f462929", "text": "Chokeslam (film) Chokeslam is a 2016 wrestling/comedy film directed by Robert Cuffley and starring Chris Marquette , Amanda Crew , Niall Matter , Michael Eklund and Mick Foley . It premiered at the Calgary International Film Festival in October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0476789b3aaed533c2e7c90a27c57c0e", "text": "Stunner (professional wrestling) A stunner is a common term in professional wrestling referring to the sitout 3/4 facelock jawbreaker maneuver . It was innovated by Mikey Whipwreck who called it the Whipper-Snapper , but it was popularized by Stone Cold Steve Austin , who faced Whipwreck in Extreme Championship Wrestling . The move was named for Austin 's Stone Cold Stunner finisher . It involves an attacking wrestler applying a three-quarter facelock ( reaching back and grabbing the head of an opponent , thus pulling the opponent 's jaw above the wrestler 's shoulder ) before falling to a seated position and forcing the opponent 's jaw ( but predominantly the opponent 's neck ) to drop down on the shoulder of the attacking wrestler . The free hand is sometimes used to hold the top of the head .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68924bca3f94a73ec2a093d56df59d7d", "text": "David Arquette David Arquette ( born September 8 , 1971 ) is an American actor , film director , producer , screenwriter , fashion designer and former professional wrestler . A member of the Arquette acting family , he first became known during the mid-1990s after starring in several Hollywood films , such as the Scream series , Wild Bill , Buffy the Vampire Slayer , See Spot Run and Eight Legged Freaks . He has since had several television roles , such as Jason Ventress on ABC 's In Case of Emergency . In addition to his acting career , Arquette took a brief foray into professional wrestling in early 2000 , competing for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . During his tenure ( primarily to promote his upcoming film Ready to Rumble ) , Arquette became a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion , an angle that has been cited as pivotal to the demise of WCW .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2a7d8913bbae7759e36856024f3653", "text": "Power and Pain Power and Pain is the debut album from New Jersey thrash metal band , Whiplash . It was released in 1986 on Roadrunner Records and was followed up by 1987 's Ticket to Mayhem . In 1998 , Displeased Records rereleased Power and Pain , which included their second album , Ticket to Mayhem . The album features members of New York City bands , Carnivore and Agnostic Front , on backing vocals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6db02b0cfc977f6ed8b18c65cbca5b19", "text": "Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event . In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "960d27be5bac8ed916c2ff4f99adcc39", "text": "Kailash Kher Kailash Kher is an Indian pop-rock and Bollywood playback singer with a music style influenced by Indian folk music and Sufi music . He is a prominent singer in Hindi , Nepali , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada , Bengali , Odia and Urdu languages . Though his professional prowess encompasses most of the Indian languages , his contribution to Indian music lies way beyond that . He is a prime candidate amongst the contemporary Sufi singers . He has sung more than 700 songs in movies apart from 5 hugely popular and successful private albums . He was inspired by the classical musician Pandit Kumar Gandharva , Pandit Hridaynath Mangeshkar , Pandit Bhimsen Joshi , and the Qawwali singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan . He has been honored with the Padma Shri award in 2017 by the Government of India . He is the recipient of two trophies of Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer from the Bollywood movie Fanaa ( 2006 ) , and Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer - Telugu from the Telugu film Mirchi ( 2013 ) , with several other nominations . Kher is known for his unique and powerful voice , style and music . He has established himself as one of the most successful and popular playback singers of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cda639531ca0215c988f383edbb349", "text": "Everly (film) Everly is a 2014 American action thriller film directed by Joe Lynch and written by Yale Hannon based on a story by Lynch and Hannon . The film stars Salma Hayek as the title character with Akie Kotabe , Jennifer Blanc , Masashi Fujimoto , Togo Igawa , Gabriella Wright , Caroline Chikezie , Laura Cepeda , and Hiroyuki Watanabe in supporting roles . The film was released via iTunes on January 23 , 2015 , and received a limited theatrical release on February 27 , 2015 , by Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b64d68991ef0421db12e402202d9716", "text": "Joe's Dream `` Joe 's Dream '' is a song by English singer and songwriter Natasha Khan , professionally known as Bat for Lashes . It was written and produced by Natasha Khan . The song was released on June 7 , 2016 by Parlophone , as the third single from The Bride . A music video , directed by John de Menil and Natasha Khan , was released on September 1 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ddc5d21e09699d0a8f495cbff4301", "text": "Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer . Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively . In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards . Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6effd3d0715205cc3b9987720bfb6edf", "text": "Donald C. Simmons, Jr. Donald C. Simmons , Jr. ( born June 26 , 1963 ) author and filmmaker , has held numerous elected and appointed political positions during his career . His professional life has focused on social entrepreneurship and social justice . Simmons is currently a pastor , consultant and contractor . He was also previously with the Omaha Storm Chasers , the Triple-A affiliate of the Kansas City Royals , and the faculty of the University of Nebraska System , Dakota Wesleyan University , and other institutions of higher learning .", "title": "" } ]
fever
88f4e3d147a210569ab6f1ba35e9d54d
Sian Brooke has declined every offer to play Laura.
[ { "docid": "e18ca7273fd916e88660d68f44a9e06f", "text": "Sian Brooke Sian Brooke ( born Sian Elizabeth Phillips in Lichfield in 1979 ) is a British actress , known for portraying Laura in All About George , Lori in Cape Wrath , and Eurus Holmes in Sherlock .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9efe59ff89e1f700dc5c00684ed54ac8", "text": "Erica Kane Erica Kane is a fictional character from the American ABC Daytime soap opera All My Children . The character was portrayed by actress Susan Lucci from her debut on January 16 , 1970 , until the last broadcast television episode on September 23 , 2011 . Lucci was expected to guest star on Prospect Park 's continuation of All My Children in 2013 , but the appearance never came to fruition due to the show 's second cancellation . Erica is considered to be the most popular character in soap opera history . TV Guide calls her `` unequivocally the most famous soap opera character in the history of daytime TV , '' and included her in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12c1944684c8c52eb7f126bf0931536", "text": "Laura Solon: Talking and Not Talking Laura Solon : Talking and Not Talking is a comedy sketch show created by British Perrier Award winning comedian , Laura Solon . The show was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . Following her success with Kopfraper 's Syndrome : One Man and His Incredible Mind , Solon went on to create the show with the BBC . Like in her previous shows , Talking and Not Talking uses a variety of short sketches , featuring different characters , some recurring , some not . The show was voted on the British Comedy Guide website as the `` Best British Radio Sketch Show of 2008 '' . The first series was broadcast between 10 January 2007 and 14 February 2007 . The second series was broadcast between 28 May 2008 and 2 July 2008 . The third series was recorded in April and May 2009 and began broadcasting on 18 November 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24db778ec613ab56f8e3c3be40725365", "text": "Laura Palmer Laura Palmer is a fictional character in the Twin Peaks franchise . She is portrayed by Sheryl Lee and was created by the series creators David Lynch and Mark Frost . She first appears in the ABC original series Twin Peaks . A high school student whose death is the catalyst for the events of the series , Palmer is the protagonist in Lynch 's prequel films Fire Walk With Me ( 1992 ) and The Missing Pieces ( 2014 ) , which both depict the final week of her life leading up to her murder . Laura also appears in the novels and the 2017 revival series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f9468c3e3cc103d90b5f0512a81cee3", "text": "Lydia Hart Lydia Hart is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , played by Lydia Kelly . Lydia was created by series producer Bryan Kirkwood as one of many characters introduced that year . She made her debut in the soap on 4 March 2009 , and remained for ten months . Lydia 's storylines focus on homosexuality , obsessiveness and murder . The seemingly level-headed music lover and friend of Josh Ashworth ( Sonny Flood ) , she is portrayed as opinionated , passionate young student who had a love of music and protecting her family , for example her young sister Persephone Hart ( Elizabeth Hadley ) who also appeared in the show for a period of three months . Lydia 's relationship to the sexually confused Sarah Barnes ( Loui Batley ) was central to the character for seven months of the year culminating with her screen death in October 2009 after she was murdered by Lydia . Other storylines included her ongoing on-off relationship with ex-girlfriend Charlotte Lau ( Amy Yamazaki ) and continued feuds with Archie ( Stephen Beard ) and Zoe Carpenter ( Zoë Lister ) . The characters departure was announced in December 2009 , when the character was arrested for the attempted murder of Zoe at Sarah 's graveside after stabbing her , resulting in her being charged for the murder of Sarah and the attempted murder of Zoe , with Lydia making her final appearance on 1 January 2010 . The parachute stunt won a British Soap Award in 2010 . The aftermath storyline has received mixed reviews from critics . Some have favoured Lydia 's `` bunny boiling '' and others described it as a `` drawn out and boring storyline . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "297d32125c4b0bd718858a6e0e672174", "text": "Elisabetta Pellini Elisabetta Pellini ( born April 6 , 1974 ) is an Italian actress and model . She is best known for playing Laura in the Italian TV series Le tre rose di eva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95a12ab7fafe99330da117c4df1603f7", "text": "Laura Sadler Laura Ruth Sadler ( 25 December 1980 -- 19 June 2003 ) was an English actress . She played nurse Sandy Harper in the BBC One hospital drama series Holby City for three years until her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b71c8c83c61262e8d02731d77934f6a6", "text": "Amy Barnes Amy Knight ( also Barnes ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , played by Ashley Slanina-Davies . She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 14 November 2005 . Amy was created by executive producer David Hanson and Slanina-Davies was offered the role whilst looking for work as an extra . In 2009 , Slanina-Davies stated that she would be lost without the role and confirmed her loyalty to the serial . In July 2010 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be leaving the show . However it was revealed that she was back filming and staying in the serial in 2011 . Amy 's storylines have included underage pregnancy which resulted in the birth of daughter Leah Barnes and the subject of domestic abuse in her relationship with Ste Hay , portrayed by Kieron Richardson respectively . Whilst filming the storyline Slanina-Davies cut her long hair off for charity and this was scripted into the storyline . Amy has also been part of a storyline which saw her pretending her daughter was suffering from leukaemia to scam money out of the community , off-screen this prompted Slanina-Davies to campaign for leukaemia and cancer charity CLIC Sargent and Women 's Aid . The issue of post-natal depression has been portrayed following the birth of her second child Lucas Hay . Slanina-Davies has also revealed that she has conducted extensive research into all of her issue-lead storylines . In 2012 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be written out of the serial . Amy departed on 8 August 2012 . Amy has returned for guest appearances in 2013 , 2014 and returned to the show on a permanent basis in August 2016 . In January 2017 , it was revealed that Amy would be departing later in the year in a `` whodunit '' storyline which would see the character killed-off , making the second Barnes character to be killed off since her sister Sarah in 2009 . She made her final appearance as a corpse on 29 March 2017 , however continued to appear in flashback appearances throughout the storyline . Amy 's funeral was held on 25 April 2017 , with characters such as her mother , Kathy ( Sarah Jane Buckley ) , and Zoe Carpenter ( Zoë Lister ) , returning for her funeral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b64e0bd330bd3ccc7128a5397138a04", "text": "Jen Brister Jen ( Jennifer ) Brister ( born February 1975 ) , is a stand-up comedian from South London . Brister studied theatre at Middlesex University , where she took a course in stand-up comedy in the mid 90s , the only course of its kind at the time in the UK . Other famous graduates include Alan Carr , Renton Skinner of the Dutch Elm Conservatoire and Shooting Stars and Clare Warde of the Runaway Lovers . Brister 's first gig was a showcase for the course , at the Kings Head in Crouch End . Since then , she has performed in many London venues , including Comedy Camp , Banana Cabaret Comedy Store , The Kings Head , and ED Comedy , as well as hosting her own nights , including Hysterics at Shaun & Joe and CatFlap Comedy at the Player Bar , Soho . She is also a comedy writer and has performed alongside Doug Faulkner & Clare Warde , as part of the comedy sketch group , The Loose Connection . They appeared regularly at the Hen & Chickens Theatre , Etcetera Theatre , Sketch Club and The Enterprise in the mid-2000s . 2006 : Brister appeared at the 2006 Edinburgh Festival Fringe with her show `` Me , My Mother and I. '' In Time Out , March 2006 , Jen stated '' ` It 's really an exploration of my relationship with my mum . It 's an analysis , as well , of where I am at this point in my life . I 'm 31 . I 'm single . I do n't own a house . Or a car . I do n't have kids . Or any solid financial security . At 31 , my mother had three children and a fourth on the way . She was married and she had a mortgage . '' 2007 - 2008 : She worked for BBC 6 Music as a stand in presenter and in 2008 took a show to Edinburgh called Reception with her comedy partner at the time Clare Warde . 2009 : Brister appeared at the Edinburgh Fringe again in 2009 doing a stand up show as well as appearing in a play called `` The One and The Many '' by Trevor Lock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2316371a4819d7c682e63e2203c1eb48", "text": "Sharon Stone Sharon Yvonne Stone ( born March 10 , 1958 ) is an American actress , film producer , and former fashion model . Stone first came to attention for her role in the miniseries War and Remembrance ( 1989 ) and early mainstream prominence followed with her part in Paul Verhoeven 's Total Recall ( 1990 ) . She became a sex symbol and rose to international recognition with her starring role as Catherine Tramell in another Verhoeven film , the erotic thriller Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She won the Golden Globe Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Martin Scorsese 's Casino ( 1995 ) . She received another two Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in The Mighty ( 1998 ) and The Muse ( 1999 ) . Named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2005 , Stone 's other notable film roles include Sliver ( 1993 ) , The Specialist ( 1994 ) , The Quick and the Dead ( 1995 ) , If These Walls Could Talk 2 ( 2000 ) , Catwoman ( 2004 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Alpha Dog ( 2006 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) , Lovelace ( 2013 ) , and Fading Gigolo ( 2013 ) . Stone has made guest-appearances in The Practice ( 2004 ) , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series , and in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2010 ) . She starred in the short-lived series Agent X ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efbb55a372b66a24ad9376396bb69a4a", "text": "Lemon La Vida Loca Lemon La Vida Loca is a British spoof reality show created and written by , and starring , comedian Leigh Francis and actress Laura Aikman . The show 's title is a parody of Ricky Martin 's 1999 hit single `` Livin ' la Vida Loca '' . The series follows the character of television personality Keith Lemon , capturing his home and work life , and everything in between . The series began airing on 2 August 2012 on ITV2 , and concluded its first series on 23 August 2012 . Whilst on Let 's Do Lunch with Gino & Mel , Lemon announced that a Christmas special of Lemon La Vida Loca would air in December . He confirmed this news on his Twitter page as well . A second series began airing on 6 June 2013 . Aikman announced that she would not be returning to the show for the second series , but she did make an appearance on episode 1 . It was announced in January 2014 that Lemon La Vida Loca would not be renewed for a third series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4bb227e0df2c0fdb24b9f4a09c2f4d9", "text": "List of The Mysteries of Laura episodes The Mysteries of Laura is an American police procedural comedy-drama television series developed by Jeff Rake and executive-produced Greg Berlanti and McG . The series premiered on September 17 , 2014 , on NBC . The Mysteries of Laura stars Debra Messing in the lead role of Detective Laura Diamond , a New York City homicide detective who balances her day job with off-duty hours as a single mother of two unruly sons . On May 8 , 2015 , The Mysteries of Laura was renewed for a second season of 13 episodes , which premiered on September 23 , 2015 . On November 9 , 2015 , NBC ordered three additional episodes for the second season . On May 14 , 2016 , NBC canceled the show after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6978ba3c852bbc88ae616e6de1db6e5", "text": "Beth Ehlers Beth Ehlers -LSB- ˈɛlərz -RSB- ( born 1968 ) is an American actress . She is known for playing Harley Cooper , between 1987 and 2008 , on CBS 's longtime daytime drama Guiding Light .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa3d4cc43edc44003a4ee0e9cb23aa13", "text": "Alice Dixson Alice Dixson ( born 28 July 1969 , Jessie Alice Celones Dixson ) or often misspelled Alice Dixon , is a Filipino-American actress , commercial model , and former beauty queen . Born to an American father and a Filipino mother , she was the Philippines ' representative for Miss International in 1986 and became a household name in 1987 through a Palmolive soap TV commercial where she sang the phrase `` I can feel it ! '' . After joining a talent contest in Eat Bulaga ! and Binibining Pilipinas , her show business career started with the role of Faye , a fairy princess , who fell in love with an earthling in Okay Ka , Fairy Ko . At that time , Eat Bulaga ! was airing on RPN and one of its hosts , Vic Sotto , requested her to be part of the TV series ( he is the owner of M-Zet Productions that produced Okay Ka , Fairy Ko ) . In January 2011 , she returned to show business via Babaeng Hampaslupa which aired on TV5 . This was succeeded with Glamorosa , Isang Dakot Na Luha ( 2012 ) , Enchanted Garden ( 2012 ) and two movies Ang Panday 2 ( 2011 ) and Just One Summer ( 2012 ) . Her next TV series is Never Say Goodbye which airs in January 2013 on TV5 . Dixson is a licensed realtor in the Province of British Columbia , Canada and also a licensed real estate agent in the State of Florida , USA . Dixson is also known for her best actress roles in many Viva Films favorites such as Hanggang Saan , Hanggang Kailan ( 1993 ) , Sa Isang Sulok Ng Pangarap ( 1994 , based on the popular comics series by RJ Nuevas ) , Pangako Ng Kahapon ( 1994 ) , Sana Dalawa Ang Puso Ko ( 1995 ) and the all-star cast of the action film Silakbo ( 1995 ) with Cesar Montano , Anjanette Abayari and Marjorie Barretto . Dixson is also a film favorite when she was paired with Christopher De Leon in films like My Husband 's Woman ( 1993 ) , Bakit Ngayon Ka Lang ( 1994 , OctoArts Films ) and Pahiram Kahit Sandali ( 1999 , Regal Films ) , which was an R-rated but critically acclaimed film because of both leading woman 's portrayals by Dixson and Ara Mina , earning credit for Director Maryo J. Delos Reyes . She reunited with De Leon and leading man Richard Gomez in the hit telenovela Ang Iibigin Ay Ikaw ( 2002 to 2005 ) . In December 2013 , she pose for FHM Philippines , making her the oldest woman to cover on that men 's magazine , at age 44 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa32d758b49ecafd2c2564d35d5020c7", "text": "I Can Make You Love Me I Can Make You Love Me , also known as Stalking Laura , is an American made-for-television film starring Richard Thomas and Brooke Shields . The film is based on the real-life story of American mass murderer Richard Farley , a former employee of ESL Incorporated whose romantic obsession and subsequent stalking of co-worker Laura Black culminated in the mass murder of several co-workers at ESL 's headquarters in California , resulting in the first anti-stalking laws to be enacted in the United States . The first half of the film covers the events of the stalking and Black 's unrequited love that led to the shootings , while the second half deals with Farley 's rampage on the ESL offices . For the purposes of the film and the victims of the incident , the fictional computer company Kensitron Electronics International ( K.E.I. ) was used to portray the events at ESL Incorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd26444fd9bdf1bddc4a3a3f003d12e3", "text": "Dana Delany Dana Welles Delany ( born March 13 , 1956 ) is an American film , stage , and television actress , producer , presenter , and health activist . Delany has been active in show business since the late 1970s . Following small roles early in her career , Delany garnered her first leading role in 1987 in the short-lived NBC sitcom Sweet Surrender and achieved wider fame in 1988 -- 1991 as Colleen McMurphy on the ABC television show China Beach , for which she won two Primetime Emmy Awards ( 1989 , 1992 ) . She received further recognition for her performances in the films Light Sleeper ( 1992 ) , Tombstone ( 1993 ) , Exit to Eden ( 1994 ) , The Margaret Sanger Story ( 1995 ) , Fly Away Home ( 1996 ) , True Women ( 1997 ) , and Wide Awake ( 1998 ) . Since the mid-1990s , Delany has served on the board of the Scleroderma Research Foundation . In the 2000s , Delany returned to television with a string of short-lived television series beginning with Pasadena ( 2001 ) , Presidio Med ( 2002 -- 2003 ) , and Kidnapped ( 2006 -- 2007 ) . From 2007 to 2010 , Delany played Katherine Mayfair on the ABC series Desperate Housewives . In the 2010s , from 2011 to 2013 , Delany played the lead role of Megan Hunt on the ABC drama series Body of Proof . In 2014 , she began her co-starring role as Crystal Harris in the Amazon drama series Hand of God , which has been ordered to full series by Amazon Studios in October 2014 . Most recently , in 2015 , she had a recurring guest role in the short-lived FX sitcom The Comedians as Julie , the wife of Billy Crystal , playing a fictionalized version of himself . On July 23 , 2015 , the series was cancelled after one season . Delany is also a voice actress . She played Lois Lane in the DC animated universe as well as in The Batman animated series . In an interview , she said she loves to play `` complicated characters '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1f583ec7e857432bc2001bb0929cb9", "text": "Laura San Giacomo Laura San Giacomo ( born November 14 , 1962 ) is an American actress known for playing the role of Maya Gallo on the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me ! , Kit De Luca in the film Pretty Woman , and Cynthia in Sex , Lies , and Videotape as well as other work on television and in films . She played the role of Holly Hunter 's childhood best friend on the TNT crime drama series Saving Grace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fedef2c3d663d238770c81801c083f34", "text": "Ione Skye Ione Skye Lee ( -LSB- aɪˈoʊni -RSB- née Ione Skye Leitch , September 4 , 1970 ) is a British-American actress who starred the 1989 movie Say Anything ... . In 2006 , VH1 placed her at number 84 on its `` 100 Greatest Teen Stars '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90da8d74d8f47288bebf343e4efe8a56", "text": "Every Woman Every Woman is a syndicated television series produced by Entertainment Studios and created by Byron Allen . The series has aired since 2000 . Heidi Klum made a guest appearance on the show in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef7f4ffde5231e61efc0f5cce05f59c", "text": "Kathleen Burke Kathleen B. Burke ( September 5 , 1913 -- April 9 , 1980 ) was an American movie actress of the 1930s , and former model . Burke worked as a dental assistant in Chicago , before winning a talent contest sponsored by Paramount Pictures to play Lota the `` Panther Woman '' in Island of Lost Souls ( released December 1932 ) , the first screen version of H.G. Wells 's novel The Island of Dr. Moreau . The contest , announced in July 1932 , allegedly had 60,000 applicants from around the country . Burke was announced as the winner on September 29 . This success led to more than a score of screen appearances over the following six years , most notably as the leading lady in The Lives of a Bengal Lancer ( 1935 ) opposite Gary Cooper , and The Last Outpost with Cary Grant that same year . Her final film role was in 1938 , whereupon she retired from screen acting at the age of 25 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d06c2b6b95e916713962e3b6ce56877", "text": "Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods Legally Blonde : The Musical -- The Search for Elle Woods is an MTV program created in order to cast an actress to replace Laura Bell Bundy in the role of Elle Woods in the Broadway production of Legally Blonde : The Musical . The show debuted on June 2 , 2008 . The winner of the show , Bailey Hanks , in addition to being cast in the role , was given the opportunity to record her own single of the musical 's first-act closer , `` So Much Better '' . The show concluded on July 21 , 2008 . Autumn Hurlbert was the runner up . She served as Hanks ' understudy and performed in the ensemble of the show ( replacing Becky Gulsvig who left to join the tour ) . Bundy 's last performance in the musical was on July 20 , 2008 . Hanks began performances on July 23 , 2008 and remained with the show until it closed on October 19 , 2008 . Two other show finalists -- Rhiannon Hansen and Lauren Zakrin , performed in the `` Legally Blonde '' national tour . Hansen played Margot in the musical and Zakrin performed in the ensemble as well serving as understudy to Becky Gulsvig as Elle Woods . The show began with 15 contestants . All except the winner were eliminated over nine episodes , in which they performed songs and faced other challenges . A three-judge panel made the elimination decisions . Most episodes involved a small prize for the winner of the challenge .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a101be422d2859070068c8e360709735
Carrie Fisher wrote a few semi-autobiographical novels.
[ { "docid": "04e271ec7f8dff1140504f42cd30e869", "text": "Carrie Fisher Carrie Frances Fisher ( October 21 , 1956 -- December 27 , 2016 ) was an American actress , writer and humorist who first became known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars film series . Her other film roles included Shampoo ( 1975 ) , The Blues Brothers ( 1980 ) , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) , The ` Burbs ( 1989 ) , and When Harry Met Sally ... ( 1989 ) . Fisher wrote several semi-autobiographical novels , including Postcards from the Edge and the screenplay for the film of the book , as well as an autobiographical one-woman play , and its non-fiction book , Wishful Drinking , based on the play . She worked on other writers ' screenplays as a script doctor . In later years , she earned praise for speaking publicly about her experiences with bipolar disorder and drug addiction . The daughter of the singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds , Fisher and her mother appear in Bright Lights : Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds , a 2016 documentary about their relationship . It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . Fisher died of cardiac arrest on December 27 , 2016 , at age 60 , four days after experiencing a medical emergency during a transatlantic flight from London to Los Angeles . Her final film , Star Wars : The Last Jedi , is scheduled to be released on December 15 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8d0ef81b728628170cd847a416f9eeb6", "text": "Lewis Carroll: A Biography Lewis Carroll : A Biography is a 1995 biography of author Lewis Carroll by Morton N. Cohen , first published by Knopf , later by Macmillan . It is generally considered to be the definitive scholarly work on Carroll 's ( real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) life . Cohen 's approach is mainly chronological , with some chapters grouped by theme , such as those on Carroll 's religion , his love of little girls , and his guilty feelings . Cohen , a Carroll scholar for 30 years , opts to use Dodgson 's first name , Charles , throughout the work , because it `` seems most appropriate in a book dealing with the intimacy of his life '' . The book generally assumes that Carroll 's love of little girls was not just emotional but sexual -- that he was a paedophile , albeit a suppressed one . In the book Cohen writes : `` We can not know to what extent sexual urges lay behind Charles 's preference for drawing and photographing children in the nude . He contended that the preference was entirely aesthetic . But given his emotional attachment to children as well as his aesthetic appreciation of their forms , his assertion that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve . He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge , even to himself . '' While attributing the source of Carroll 's chaotic emotional life to his sexual urges , Cohen opined that they were also responsible for his creative works . Karoline Leach in In the Shadow of the Dreamchild ( 1999 ) writes that Cohen and previous biographers misunderstood the norms and customs of the Victorian era , and that Carroll 's adulation of children was not sexual but a reflection of the romanticisation of the child prevalent in that era . Contrariwise , a website set up by opponents ( including Leach ) of the tradition Carroll image , reports that while Cohen acknowledges the paedophilic nature of Carroll 's image , he `` Inexplicably he lists the numbers of intimate woman-friends that Dodgson had through his life , yet still concludes that his existence revolved exclusively around friendships with small girls ! '' Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone in The Alice Companion : A Guide to Lewis Carroll 's Alice Books ( 1998 ) criticises the book for what they say is a poor treatment of Carroll 's involvement in controversies at the University of Oxford . Megan Harlan in Entertainment Weekly writes that `` This beautifully written bio never shies away from the house-of-mirrors complexity of its subject . '' An issue of Victorian Studies reported that there were issues with inconsistent references . Miles Edward Friend compares Cohen 's handling of the material to Carroll 's boat trips with the children , saying , `` With Cohen at the tiller , we are deftly guided through the flow of Carroll 's life . '' Ronald Warwick in Times Higher Education criticises Cohen 's interpretation of Carroll 's relationship with his archdeacon father ; his `` insecure grasp of 19th-century ecclesiastical history '' ; his prose , which Warwich called cliched ; and his choice to use Dodgson 's first name , which Warwick said was not used even by Dodgson 's most intimate male friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbeb0a1d0da99119941908b2cde389d2", "text": "Indie literature The National Literary Awards defines independent or `` indie '' literature as `` books published outside mainstream publishing . '' Such books are rarely recognized and hard to pin down , but some examples include `` Damastor '' by Dimitri Iatrou , `` Returning Home '' by Marcus Blake and `` Hope ... Joy ( and a Few Little Thoughts ) for Pregnant Teens '' by Rachel Brigoni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e55e17606c44cd004f8e2515aa6457e", "text": "Rookies' Diary Rookie ´ s Diary is a novel created in Taiwan . It has a total of 43 episodes of approximately 1 hour each . It aired from July 2 , 2010 to April 22 , 2011 . Its genre is comedy and it is about the military . The novel is about how a group of teenagers trains in the military office for 36 days . During these 36 days , they work really hard . They made new friends and had lot of fun . Even though , they still worked hard and became more mature when they left the military service of 36 days . The director of the novel is named Wang Wei . He is a really successful Taiwanese director around the world . This novel had a second season , in which some of the teenagers made a further military service at a higher level . In this military service , training was a lot harder and as you watched more you laughed more . As mentioned before , it is a comedy so during the novel there were a lot of scenes in which the actors made you laugh until you cry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e24a9729571cfc99217e272e518fdd62", "text": "Carrie Pilby Carrie Pilby is a coming-of-age novel by Caren Lissner , first published by Red Dress Ink in 2003 , then re-released on July 1 , 2010 for teenage readers under the new imprint Harlequin Teen . It was among the first novels published by Harlequin Enterprises 's Red Dress Ink imprint , an imprint created primarily to take advantage of the then-burgeoning `` chick lit '' phenomenon that included humorous books about young single women like Bridget Jones ' Diary . In its first incarnation , Carrie Pilby was noted in various newspaper articles as one of the smarter and more original novels in the genre . It proved successful , selling more than 50,000 copies . Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times referred to the novel as `` hilarious '' in an August 10 , 2003 story . After the chick lit market became saturated , Harlequin stopped publishing novels under the Red Dress Ink imprint in 2009 , but Carrie Pilby was selected to be re-published on July 1 , 2010 as one of the first books in the new Harlequin Teen line for teenagers . It was republished with a new cover for teens and some of the technology referred to in the novel was slightly modernized ( Carrie was now renting DVDs instead of videos ) . The novel was released in France on June 1 , 2010 as one of the first four titles released under the French Harlequin imprint for teens , Darkiss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e948b3d83edf45ec3fbfb250008e3e50", "text": "Female artist's novel Female artist 's novel is a literary subtype of Kunstlerroman which can be defined as a literary procedure which deals with the main female protagonist 's growing to maturity and gaining experience and independence as an artist , namely a writer . Based on the major assumptions of Kunstlerroman , female artist 's novel works as a portrayal of a woman 's artistic struggle as she acquires artistic freedom and masters the artistic craft of being a writer and gaining literary dexterity . The scope of the genre is deeply rooted in the main assumptions of Kunstlerroman , where the growth of the character is displayed from one 's youth to adulthood and deals with one 's emotional and personal development on the way to artistic fulfillment . As opposed to Kunstlerroman , female artist 's novel focuses only on a female writer , who besides being a capable artist and creator of her own reality , is often to perform many social roles simultaneously ( e.g. the role of a wife , a mother , home guardian , etc. ) to meet expectations the society imposes on her . The genre itself is more gendered due to its focus on a female position .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ead41e963de46d7da9ff8787ac3f23b", "text": "Terry Louise Fisher Terry Louise Fisher ( born February 21 , 1946 ) is an American television producer , screenwriter and novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4549217682cc57d5dad834ac0ee80fa9", "text": "Sex columnist A sex columnist is a writer of a newspaper or magazine column about sex . Sex advice columns may take the form of essays or , more frequently , answers to questions posed by readers . Sex advice columns can usually be found in alt weekly newspapers , women 's magazines , health or fitness magazines , and student newspapers . While some are written by trained sexologists , many are penned by people lacking credentials in human sexuality and relationships , yet willing to divulge their opinions or personal bedroom antics . The television series Sex and the City protagonist Carrie Bradshaw was a sex columnist , which author Candace Bushnell modeled after herself in her original non-fiction book based on a column of the same name . The show , which first aired in 1998 , is credited with the increase of sex columnists found in college campus newspapers and blogs , such as at Ivy League colleges and many other schools . One such columnist , Meghan Bainum , at the University of Kansas , Lawrence , placed in the 42nd annual William Randolph Hearst Foundation Journalism Awards Program ( 2001 -- 2002 ) for her column . Anka Radakovich was the first of a new breed of sex columnists for whom `` every detail of the writer 's psyche is splayed across the page ... confessional journalism at its most intimate '' . Radakovich had written for the old Details magazine when it was a chronicle of downtown fashion and night life . After James Truman became editor-in-chief and transformed Details into a men 's magazine , he offered Radakovich a column in September 1990 . She became the first modern-day magazine sex columnist working for a mainstream men 's publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e547460ec7c5d230507a9c7d9be0c117", "text": "Marisa Cleveland Marisa Cleveland is an American author and songwriter , a research and development director for The Seymour Agency , and a managing partner for Simeris Alliance . Her debut teen novel , Accidental Butterfly , hit the New York Times and USA Today bestsellers list as part of an anthology in June 2015 . Cleveland was born in South Korea , adopted and raised in New Hampshire , and attended George Mason University for her bachelor 's and master 's degrees . She is a 2015 FACE award recipient for Arts and Culture , and a 2014 Forty under 40 honoree . She serves on the board of the Naples Press Club , and is a member of the Naples Pathways Coalition , Romance Writers of America , Contemporary Romance Writers , Young Adult Romance Writers of America , Southwest Florida Romance Writers , and the Marco Island Writers . Cleveland is also a member of Nashville Songwriters Association International and BMI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bb9fad08108f0ef56738a4a63578ba6", "text": "Summer and the City Summer and the City is a young-adult novel written by Candace Bushnell . The sequel to The Carrie Diaries and the prequel to Sex and the City , it was first released as a hardcover on April 26 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8a4d4e72fe5335bfd7e4656a8208894", "text": "Fisher & Fisher Fisher & Fisher was an architectural firm based in Denver , Colorado named for partners William Ellsworth Fisher ( 1871 -- 1937 ) and Arthur Addison Fisher ( 1878 -- 1965 ) . The firm was founded in 1892 by William Ellsworth Fisher as William Fisher , Architect . After ten years in practice alone , mainly designing starter homes , he partnered with Daniel Riggs Huntington from 1901 to 1905 as Fisher & Huntington , during which time the firm designed increasingly expensive residences and also commercial buildings . The firm then once more became William Fisher , Architect until 1907 , when William was joined by his younger brother Arthur Addison Fisher ; they worked together as William Fisher Architect and Brother until 1910 and then as William E. Fisher and Arthur A. Fisher , Architects until William 's death in 1937 . William 's son Alan B. Fisher , who had previously joined the firm , then became his uncle 's partner and the firm was renamed Arthur A. Fisher and Alan B. Fisher , Architects . From 1956 to 1959 they were joined by Rodney S. Davis as Fisher , Fisher and Davis ; on Arthur 's retirement the firm became Fisher and Davis . Finally beginning in 1967 , Alan Fisher was in partnership with John D. Reece and Hilary M. Johnson as Fisher , Reece and Johnson until his retirement in 1978 . In Colorado , the firm worked on dozens of notable buildings , and has left a legacy unique in the state . Of 67 surviving buildings in Denver identifiable as being by Fisher & Fisher , 50 are either listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) , individually or as part of historic districts , or are eligible for listing . Although most work by Fisher & Fisher was in Denver , buildings by them elsewhere in the state and outside it are also listed . For example , William and Arthur Fisher planned the town of Parco , Wyoming ( now Sinclair ) and designed its public buildings . The Fisher brothers were unusually innovative , and the firm 's buildings are in a variety of styles . The Railway Exchange Addition of 1909/13 and the connected Railway Exchange New Building of 1937 ( now the Hotel Monaco ) in downtown Denver show contrasting styles by the same firm . The New Building , by Fisher , Fisher & Hubbell , is one of Denver 's best Art Moderne works , although the architects denied at the time that it was `` modernistic '' . In April 2011 one of their works , the Cowperthwaite home , was the 2011 Denver Designer Show House , a fundraiser involving interior decorators prior to the house coming to market . Among lost works by the firm are the Lafayette Hughes and Gerald Hughes mansions . Surviving works include ( with attribution ) : Ashland Public Library , 207 N. 15th St. Ashland , NE ( Shankland , W.R. / Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Belcaro , 3400 Belcaro Dr. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Copperthwaite Home Ideal Building , 821 17th St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Lorraine Lodge , SW of Golden Golden , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed McPhee and McGinnity Building , 2301 Blake St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Neusteter Building , 720 Sixteenth St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed St. Thomas Episcopal Church , 607 Fourth St. Alamosa , CO ( Fisher , William Ellsworth ; Fisher , Arthur Addison ) , NRHP-listed Tower of Memories , 8500 W. 29th Ave. Wheat Ridge , CO ( Charles A. Smith , Fisher & Fisher , John Monroe ) , NRHP-listed Tramway Building , 1100 14th St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Original public buildings in Parco Historic District , roughly bounded by Monroe Ave. , N. Fourth St. , Union and Lincoln Aves. , and N. Ninth St. Sinclair , WY ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2d8a5f3e6e0d4ebe6969c0dd151c765", "text": "Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released five studio albums and 29 singles . Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of American Idol in 2005 . Her debut album , Some Hearts , was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history . It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) history , as well as the top-selling debut album of any American Idol contestant in the United States . Her second album , Carnival Ride , was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 charts . During the first week , it sold 527,000 copies , which at the time was the best sales week by a female solo country artist since Shania Twain 's Greatest Hits sold 530,000 copies in its first week back in 2004 . The album has since been certified 4x Platinum . Underwood released her third studio album , Play On , on November 3 , 2009 . It debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and the all-genre Billboard 200 . It features the number one singles `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' , and `` Undo It '' , as well as the number two single , `` Mama 's Song '' . The album has since been certified 3x Platinum in the US , Platinum in Canada , and Gold in Australia . On June 2011 , the album re-entered the Australian Albums Charts for both the ARIA National Top 50 and the Country Top 20 albums at number 14 and number one , respectively , giving Underwood her first number one album in Australia . The album was eventually certified Gold in Australia . On May 1 , 2012 , Underwood released her fourth album , Blown Away . In the United States , it sold 267,000 albums in its first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums charts . It debuted at number one in Canada 's Top 200 all-genre albums chart and Top 100 Country albums chart , being immediately certified Gold . The album also debuted at number one on Australia 's Top 20 Country Albums and number four on the all-genre Top 50 Albums . The album has been certified 2x Platinum in the United States and Canada . On December 9 , 2014 , Underwood released her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : Decade # 1 . The compilation debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts , and set several records upon release , including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on January 16 , 2015 . Underwood 's fifth studio album , Storyteller was released on October 23 , 2015 . The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 . This made Underwood the only country artist to have his or her first five studio albums debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200 chart . It also debuted atop the Top Country Albums chart , earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24 , 2016 . Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally . In the United States , she has sold 16.3 million albums and over 34.8 million digital singles , making her the best-selling American Idol contestant of all-time . She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists ( Digital Singles ) Ranking . She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years . Underwood has accumulated 85 Billboard number-ones . She has had 15 singles top the Billboard Country Airplay , and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs , respectively . Notably , Underwood garnered twenty-six consecutive top 10 singles on the Hot Country Songs chart , the longest streak of top ten singles for a country artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28163b923e65853a7e0c39c18599975e", "text": "Mary Helen Stefaniak Mary Helen Stefaniak is an American writer . She comes from the family of Croats from Hungary , that originates from Novo Selo ( Tótújfalu ) in Hungary , being thus a part of the indigenous Croatian minority in that country . She is the author of the books Self Storage and Other Stories , The Turk and My Mother , and The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia . Her collection of short stories Self Storage and Other Stories , received the Banta Award from the Wisconsin Library Association for the best book ( fiction or non-fiction ) published by a Wisconsin author in 1997 . She is also the winner of the Binghamton University John Gardner Fiction Book Award for her first novel , The Turk and My Mother , which has been translated into several languages . Stefaniak has been featured twice in the anthology New Stories from the South : The Year 's Best , ( 2000 and 2006 ) . In September 2010 , independent publishers rated her novel The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia as an Indie-Next `` Great Read '' . She teaches creative writing at Creighton University in Omaha , Nebraska and is a faculty mentor at Pacific University in Forest Grove , Oregon . She and her husband live in Iowa City . They have a son , Jeff , and two daughters , Liz and Lauren . In 2011 , she won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia . Anisfield-Wolf awards `` recognize books that have made important contributions to our understanding of racism and our appreciation for the rich diversity of human cultures . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "959bd7930ea557bdbe9b33e8eea68a8d", "text": "The Edible Woman The Edible Woman is a 1969 novel that helped to establish Margaret Atwood as a prose writer of major significance . It is the story of a young woman whose sane , structured , consumer-oriented world starts to slip out of focus . Following her engagement , Marian feels her body and her self are becoming separated . As Marian begins endowing food with human qualities that cause her to identify with it , she finds herself unable to eat , repelled by metaphorical cannibalism . In a foreword written in 1979 for the Virago edition of the novel , Atwood described it as a protofeminist rather than feminist work . Atwood explores gender stereotypes through characters who strictly adhere to them ( such as Peter or Lucy ) and those who defy their constraints ( such as Ainsley or Duncan ) . The narrative point of view shifts from first to third person , accentuating Marian 's slow detachment from reality . At the conclusion , first person narration returns , consistent with the character 's willingness to take control of her life again . Food and clothing are major symbols used by the author to explore themes and grant the reader insight on each of the characters ' personalities , moods and motivations . Setting is used to identify differences between the characters ; for example , Duncan is encountered in a mundane laundromat , gloomy theatre or sleazy hotel . In comparison , Peter inhabits genteel bars and a sparkling new apartment . However these changing environments are also used to explore different angles of existence , contrasting a freer , wilder glimpse of life , with a civilised , gilded cage . This highlights the difficulties presented to women in the era , where freedom was synonymous with uncertainty but marriage presented problems of its own . This novel 's publication coincided with the rise of the women 's movement in North America , but is described by Atwood as `` protofeminist '' because it was written in 1965 and thus anticipated second wave feminism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1166b66029c137d997e4ddbd8e533ae7", "text": "Lauren Slater Lauren Slater ( born March 21 , 1963 ) is an American psychologist and writer . She is the author of seven books , including Welcome To My Country ( 1996 ) , Prozac Diary ( 1998 ) , and Lying : A Metaphorical Memoir ( 2000 ) . Her 2004 Opening Skinner 's Box : Great Psychology Experiments of the Twentieth Century , a description of psychology experiments `` narrated as stories , '' has drawn both praise and criticism . It was nominated for a Los Angeles Times Kirsch award for science and technology writing , and was named as a 2005 Bild Der Wissenschaft book of the year in Germany . Criticism has focused on Slater 's research methods and on the extent to which some of the experiences she describes may have been fictionalized . Other awards Slater has won include the 1993 New Letters Literary Award in creative nonfiction , and the 1994 Missouri Review Award , and her work was included in The Best American Essays of 1994 and 1997 . She has contributed to The New York Times , Harper 's , and Elle . The Village Voice has called her `` the closest thing we have to a doyenne of psychiatric disorder . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f93c94ca6c572c710f3be18b055467c", "text": "Peter Fisher (activist) Peter Fisher ( May 19 , 1944 -- July 10 , 2012 ) was an American author and gay rights activist . An alumnus of Amherst College and Columbia University , he served in the US Air Force prior to becoming an early member of the Gay Activists Alliance , a protest group that split off from the Gay Liberation Front after the Stonewall riots with the goal of `` writing the revolution into law . '' Fisher led a number of the `` zaps '' , or protests targeted at public figures , organized by the GAA , as well as serving as an unofficial historian for the group . Fisher received the Stonewall Book Award in 1972 for The Gay Mystique : The Myth and Reality of Male Homosexuality , later described as `` one of the first books to look at the subject from the inside rather than from a heterosexual 's viewpoint . '' His manuscripts and papers are archived at the Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual & Transgender Community Center in New York , together with those of his partner and fellow activist Marc Rubin . Never recovering from the death of his long-time companion Marc Rubin in 2007 , Fisher committed suicide in 2012 and their migled ashes were scattered in the back yard of the sister in Springfield , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4956742b044860e7366de2f4c8769e3", "text": "Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein ( February 3 , 1874 -- July 27 , 1946 ) was an American novelist , poet , playwright , and art collector . Born in the Allegheny West neighborhood of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , and raised in Oakland , California , Stein moved to Paris in 1903 , and made France her home for the remainder of her life . She hosted a Paris salon , where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art , such as Pablo Picasso , Ernest Hemingway , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Sinclair Lewis , Ezra Pound , and Henri Matisse , would meet . In 1933 , Stein published a quasi-memoir of her Paris years , The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas , written in the voice of her life partner , Alice B. Toklas , an American-born member of the Parisian avant-garde . The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of the cult-literature scene into the limelight of mainstream attention . Two quotes from her works have become widely known : `` Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose '' and `` there is no there there '' , with the latter often taken to be a reference to her childhood home of Oakland , California . Her books include Q.E.D. ( Quod Erat Demonstrandum ) ( 1903 ) , about a lesbian romantic affair involving several of Stein 's female friends , Fernhurst , a fictional story about a romantic affair , Three Lives ( 1905 -- 06 ) , and The Making of Americans ( 1902 -- 1911 ) . In Tender Buttons ( 1914 ) , Stein commented on lesbian sexuality . Her activities during World War II have been the subject of analysis and commentary . As a Jew living in Nazi-occupied France , Stein may have only been able to sustain her lifestyle as an art collector , and indeed to ensure her physical safety , through the protection of the powerful Vichy government official and Nazi collaborator Bernard Faÿ . After the war ended , Stein expressed admiration for another Nazi collaborator , Vichy leader Marshall Pétain . Some have argued that certain accounts of Stein 's wartime activities have amounted to a `` witch hunt '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b3ad3bec5555866c8bdd1f949d59c61", "text": "Heartburn (novel) Heartburn is an autobiographical novel based on Nora Ephron 's life story about her marriage to and divorce from Carl Bernstein , her second husband . Originally published in 1983 , the novel largely focuses on his affair with Margaret Jay , the daughter of former British Prime Minister James Callaghan . Ephron also wrote the screenplay for the film based on the novel starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson . The novel is a vivid depiction of the breakdown of a marriage . Its strong autobiographical content provides insight into one of the `` power couples '' of the late 1970s . It is Nora Ephron 's first published novel but in it she mentions subjects that she would go on to feature in future work such as When Harry Met Sally and Julie & Julia . The narrator of the novel is Rachel Samstat , a food writer who is married to Mark Feldman , a political journalist . Rachel is a Jewish New Yorker who has moved to Washington , D.C. , to support her husband 's career . They have one son and Rachel is pregnant with their second child as the book begins . The book wittily describes the life of an upper middle class intellectual couple replete with neuroses -- Rachel is in group therapy , Mark agonizes over the mystifying disappearance of his socks . Threaded through the whole are recipes and anecdotes which drive the story along and humanize Samstat . In a New Yorker piece on novels that include recipes , Adam Gopnik writes , `` in Heartburn , the recipes serve both as a joke about what a food writer writing a novel would write and as a joke on novel-writing itself by someone who anticipates that she will not be treated as a ` real ' novelist . '' Rachel 's self-esteem takes a huge battering as Mark has an affair with Thelma Rice ( Margaret Jay ) and she takes her revenge by telling the Washington grapevine that Thelma has a venereal disease . The diamond engagement ring that is stolen from Rachel when she is at group therapy is pivotal to the plot . Remarkably she gets it back when the police catch the robber . The stone is loose in its setting and she takes it back to the `` family '' jeweler to get it fixed . Here she discovers that while she had been in the hospital giving birth , Mark had bought an expensive necklace for his lover Thelma . She sells the ring and the money enables her to go back to New York and start afresh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f5aab894bc15abf2e12203af13cf2a0", "text": "William Fisher (Royal Navy officer) William Fisher ( 18 November 1780 -- 30 September 1852 ) , was an officer of the Royal Navy and a novelist . Fisher was the second son of John Fisher of Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , was born on 18 November 1780 , and entered the navy in 1795 . After serving in the North Sea , at the Cape of Good Hope , and in the Mediterranean , and as acting lieutenant of on the coast of Egypt , he was confirmed in the rank on 3 September 1801 . In 1805 he was lieutenant of during the chase of Pierre-Charles Villeneuve to the West Indies during the Trafalgar Campaign ; and in 1806 was promoted to be commander . In 1808 he commanded the 18-gun in the English Channel , and in the same ship , in 1809-10 , was employed in surveying off Mozambique . In March 1811 he was promoted to post-rank , and in 1816-17 commanded in succession the 20-gun ships and on the coast of Guinea , in both of which he captured several slavers and pirates , some of them after a desperate resistance . From March 1836 to May 1841 he commanded in the Mediterranean , and in 1840 , during the operations on the coast of Syria as part of the Egyptian -- Ottoman War , was employed as senior officer of the detached squadron off Alexandria , with the task of keeping open the mail communication through Egypt . For this service he received the Turkish gold medal and diamond decoration . He had no further service afloat , but became , in due course , a rear-admiral in 1847 . During his retirement he wrote two novels : The Petrel , or Love on the Ocean , in 1850 , which passed through three editions , and Ralph Rutherford , a Nautical Romance , in 1851 . He died in London , on 30 September 1852 . Of Fisher 's novels , naval historian John Knox Laughton wrote `` A man who had been so long in the navy during a very stirring period , who had surveyed the Mozambique , and captured slavers and pirates , had necessarily plenty of adventures at command , which scarcely needed the complications of improbable love stories to make them interesting ; but the author had neither the constructive skill nor the literary talent necessary for writing a good novel , and his language throughout is exaggerated and stilted to the point of absurdity . '' Fisher married , in 1810 , Elizabeth , sister of Sir James Rivett-Carnac , governor of Bombay , by whom he had two children , a daughter and a son .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1e2610a78d52bdca936917f31ba472cf
Jack Nicholson has played someone.
[ { "docid": "56b5ea9d4caa7e48cdefe7795d1afbf1", "text": "Jack Nicholson John Joseph `` Jack '' Nicholson ( born April 22 , 1937 ) is an American actor and filmmaker , who has performed for over 60 years . Nicholson is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles , including satirical comedy , romance and dark portrayals of antiheroes and psychopathic characters . In many of his films , he has played the `` eternal outsider , the sardonic drifter , '' someone who rebels against the social structure . Nicholson 's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy 's history . Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice , one for the drama One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and the other for the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) . He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . Nicholson is one of three male actors to win three Academy Awards . Nicholson is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s ; the other is Michael Caine . He has won six Golden Globe Awards , and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001 . In 1994 , he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award . Other films in which he has starred include the road movie Easy Rider ( 1969 ) , the drama Five Easy Pieces ( 1970 ) , the comedy-drama film The Last Detail ( 1973 ) , the neo-noir mystery film Chinatown ( 1974 ) , the drama The Passenger ( 1975 ) , and the epic film Reds ( 1981 ) . He played Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubrick 's horror film The Shining ( 1980 ) , the Joker in Tim Burton 's superhero film Batman ( 1989 ) , and Frank Costello in Martin Scorsese 's neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . Other films include the legal drama A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , the Sean Penn-directed mystery film The Pledge ( 2001 ) , and the comedy-drama About Schmidt ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e75bff345f2714fca8f7441783261743", "text": "Frenchie Nicholson Herbert Charles Denton `` Frenchie '' Nicholson was a horse racing jockey and trainer . Nicholson acquired his nickname after having been apprenticed in the French city of Chantilly , moving to a stable yard in Epsom to continue his training . He had a major success early on in his career , winning the 1936 Champion Hurdle on Victor Norman . He won the 1942 Cheltenham Gold Cup on Medoc II before the race was suspended for the remainder of the 2nd World War . Nicholson also rode the renowned Irish racehorse , Golden Miller . In 1946-47 he shared the Jockey 's Championship with Fred Rimell . Following the war he worked as a trainer and was prominent in the training of jockeys both for steeplechase and flat racing . He trained , amongst others , Pat Eddery , Walter Swinburn , Mouse Morris , Brough Scott and Paul Cook at his Prestbury stables . Nicholson 's son , David was also a jockey and trainer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7daebfd1688b4ca1785b80af73bf4e9e", "text": "Arrowhead (1953 film) Arrowhead is a 1953 western Technicolor film directed by Charles Marquis Warren and starring Charlton Heston and Jack Palance . The film is based on the novel Adobe Walls by W.R.Burnett . The screenplay was also by Charles Marquis Warren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84faeb54eaabd333a0831db03ccac9e6", "text": "Peter Nicholson (cartoonist) Peter Nicholson ( born 1946 ) is an Australian political cartoonist , caricaturist and sculptor , and a four-time winner of the Walkley Award for Journalism , with work published in The Age , The Australian , The Australian Financial Review , and the Nation Review newspapers . Nicholson has also produced animated political cartoons for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation , the TV series Fast Forward and was involved in the Rubbery Figures television series . Nicholson also created the busts of Bob Hawke , Malcolm Fraser , Paul Keating , John Howard and Kevin Rudd for Prime Ministers Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba0ac9b52667c09fd4b8ca33d5e64dfa", "text": "Jack Galloway Jack Stewart Galloway is a British actor . His television credits include Mackenzie , The Mayor of Casterbridge , Bergerac , Maigret , The Paradise Club , and Blackbeard . His film credits include roles in A Bridge Too Far ( 1977 ) , Foreign Body ( 1986 ) , Dirty Weekend ( 1993 ) , Mrs Dalloway ( 1997 ) , A Different Loyalty ( 2004 ) , A Reel Life ( 2015 ) and Speed Love ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d69b0e30a44d230327e3113a958735b9", "text": "Young Dillinger Young Dillinger is a 1965 gangster film . It stars Nick Adams as the notorious criminal John Dillinger , and co-stars Robert Conrad , John Ashley and Mary Ann Mobley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf0bde025d3b043178b4fe9ebd3ac0d", "text": "Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s . The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b6acd51662db0b9f99e7be51c85b1b", "text": "Devon Nicholson Devon Nicholson ( born October 16 , 1982 ) is a Canadian professional wrestler , who wrestles primarily under the name Hannibal . He was also known as Kid Nichols or Adam Lust . He has worked for various companies , including World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) , Great North Wrestling , the International Wrestling Association ( Puerto Rico ) ( IWA ) , the World Wrestling Council ( WWC , Puerto Rico ) and Stampede Wrestling as well as All Star Wrestling in the UK . He is the lead interviewer on `` The HANNIBAL TV '' Youtube channel . As an amateur wrestler Nicholson is a former National Champion in freestlyle wrestling and Canadian Olympic Qualification Trial Silver medalist in Greco-Roman Wrestling . He has won the Canadian Open and Ontario Championships in grappling ( submission wrestling ) . Nicholson is also an actor and has played such roles as a character named Sid in a Canadian feature film , Kenneyville , released by Robanzo Pictures in 2010 . He also was the feature performer in the Canadian documentary This is Hannibal , produced by Maximilian Moskal . The film appeared in multiple film festivals and won 3 awards at the 2013 Los Angeles Movie Awards . In 2014 , he had a role on the Science Fiction series `` Haphead , '' about a futuristic video game subculture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c62aea1d7ed83e5ed08e331e55594f92", "text": "Jack Curtis (actor) Jack Curtis ( May 28 , 1880 -- March 16 , 1956 ) was an American actor of the silent era . He appeared in 157 films between 1915 and 1950 . He was born in San Francisco , California and died in Hollywood , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae4a7bef5694a65d356df7076cf3218", "text": "John W. Nicholson John W. Nicholson ( born c. 1934 ) is an American retired Brigadier General of the United States Army who was appointed secretary of the American Battle Monuments Commission ( ABMC ) by President George W. Bush in January 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "022c772db402eba3e9d3babb12648a6a", "text": "The Desert Rats (film) The Desert Rats is a 1953 American black-and-white war film from 20th Century Fox , produced by Robert L. Jacks , directed by Robert Wise , that stars Richard Burton , James Mason , and Robert Newton . The film 's storyline concerns the Siege of Tobruk in North Africa during World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e7168eec4184920e3e7479e5a85214d", "text": "Jack Oakie Jack Oakie ( November 12 , 1903 -- January 23 , 1978 ) was an American actor , starring mostly in films , but also working on stage , radio and television . He is best remembered for portraying Napaloni in Chaplin 's The Great Dictator ( 1940 ) , receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc26ee8b2a40448f07c0058540409ca0", "text": "Roughly Speaking (film) Roughly Speaking is a 1945 drama/comedy film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Rosalind Russell and Jack Carson . The plot involves a strong-minded mother keeping her family afloat through World War I and the Great Depression . The film was based on the autobiography of the same name , published in 1943 , by Louise Randall Pierson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e6de69e394021dad30fca0067f1c0a3", "text": "Randle McMurphy Randle Patrick `` Mac '' McMurphy known as R.P. McMurphy , is the protagonist of Ken Kesey 's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1962 ) . He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well . Jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the film adaption , earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor . He was nominated on the `` Heroes '' list of AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains , but did not make the final list . He was ranked by film magazine Empire as the 61st Greatest Movie Character of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78c87a8c5f669a953b192ddb9fd690a0", "text": "Lew Irwin Lew Irwin has been a Los Angeles-based journalist for more than 50 years . He was the original anchor/reporter at KABC-TV from 1957 -- 1962 and the news director of Los Angeles radio stations KPOL , KRLA , KDAY , and KNX-FM . While at KRLA in the late 1960s , he created The Credibility Gap , a 15-minute news program , broadcast every three hours , that integrated topical satire and music with the news . He also has interviewed Presidents Harry Truman , John Kennedy , Lyndon Johnson , Dwight Eisenhower , and Ronald Reagan , as well as such show business personalities as The Beatles , the Rolling Stones , Frank Sinatra , David Bowie , Peter Sellers , Jack Nicholson , Dick Clark and Elvis Presley . He is the author of Sinatra , a Life Remembered , a coffee table book about Frank Sinatra and since 1992 has been the publisher/editor of the daily entertainment industry digest Studio Briefing .", "title": "" } ]
fever
b96165c9d6c1694dd00c96ac7fbb7ac0
Election (1999 film) is based on a book by Tom Perrotta.
[ { "docid": "92148a39cdb695da63a7350c7facae1e", "text": "Election (1999 film) Election is a 1999 American black comedy-drama film directed and written by Alexander Payne and adapted by him and Jim Taylor from Tom Perrotta 's 1998 novel of the same title . The plot revolves around a high school election and satirizes both suburban high school life and politics . The film stars Matthew Broderick as Jim McAllister , a popular high school social studies teacher in suburban Omaha , Nebraska , and Reese Witherspoon as Tracy Flick , around the time of the school 's student body election . When Tracy qualifies to run for class president , McAllister believes she does not deserve the title and tries his best to stop her from winning . Although a box office bomb , Election received critical acclaim . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay , a Golden Globe nomination for Witherspoon in the Best Actress category , and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Film in 1999 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "d8ded5c8bdeb71496fd3896f7b512c55", "text": "Sarah Perrotta Sarah Perrotta ( born 1979 , United States ) is a Hudson Valley based singer , songwriter and pianist . Perrotta was the front woman of the indie-rock band Outloud Dreamer whose debut album `` Drink The Sky '' was named best modern rock album of 2000 by WKZE Radio 98.1 FM . Perrotta 's second album `` The Well '' was self-released in 2008 and features Tony Levin on bass and Garth Hudson on accordion . The album was mixed by Grammy Award winner Malcolm Burn . Her most recent record is entitled tonight released under her surname . Perrotta has toured nationally and internationally with Barenaked Ladies , Guster , Jason Collett , Sarah Harmer , Gaelic Storm , Kevin Hearn and Garth Hudson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7924fc2cb2fa6729f29ed783c536a446", "text": "Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder . Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues . Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66f979de939b37a21a563cc5c6bfe3ed", "text": "O: A Presidential Novel O : A Presidential Novel is a fiction book by an anonymous author ( speculated to be John McCain 's 2008 senior campaign advisor , Mark Salter ) about the 2012 U.S. presidential race . It was released on January 25 , 2011 . The marketing strategy for the book has been compared to the 1996 roman à clef , Primary Colors : A Novel of Politics , which was also initially ascribed to an anonymous author . Its stated objective is to `` offer some resonant truths about what President Obama is really thinking '' . As part of its pre-publication publicity , Simon & Schuster sent an e-mail to numerous writers and journalists asking them to decline to comment if they are asked whether they are the anonymous author . The publisher has said that the author `` has been in the room with Barack Obama '' , prompting speculation on whether he or she is a political reporter , an administration insider , or a Democratic Party strategist . The New York Times remarked , however , that `` much of what passes for inside knowledge in these pages would be known to anyone who 's read a bunch of campaign accounts '' . Shortly after the book was published , Mark Halperin of Time reported that his sources had confirmed the author is McCain aide Mark Salter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd1d7085274281a4ae33d98a7032a84", "text": "Santa Evita Santa Evita is a 1995 novel by the Argentine writer Tomás Eloy Martínez . In a blend of fact and fiction , the novel focuses on the Argentine first lady Eva Perón , and tracks her embalmed corpse after her death from cancer at age 33 . The book became a bestseller in Argentina and has been widely translated . Worldwide , it estimated to have sold 10 million copies , which makes it one of the best-selling books of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a66d8b20c02fb0ed1f000fad14225491", "text": "Polling place A polling place is where voters cast their ballots in elections . The phrase polling station is also used in American English and in British English , although polling place is the building and polling station is the specific room ( or part of a room ) where voters cast their votes . A polling place can contain one or more polling stations . Since elections generally take place over a one - or two-day span on a periodic basis , often annual or longer , polling places are usually located in facilities used for other purposes , such as schools , churches , sports halls , local government offices , or even private homes , and may each serve a similar number of people . The area may be known as a ward , precinct , polling district or constituency . The polling place is staffed by officials ( who may be called election judges , returning officers or other titles ) who monitor the voting procedures and assist voters with the election process . Scrutineers ( or poll-watchers ) are independent or partisan observers who attend the poll to ensure the impartiality of the process . The facility will be open between specified hours depending on the type of election , and political activity by or on behalf of those standing in the ballot is usually prohibited within the venue and immediately surrounding area . Inside the polling place will be an area ( usually a voting booth ) where the voter may select the candidate or party of their choice in secret . If a ballot paper is used this will be placed into a ballot box in front of witnesses who can not see for whom the vote has been cast . Voting machines may be employed instead . Some polling places are temporary structures . A portable cabin may be specially sited for an election and removed afterwards . There are five different types of voting technologies that are currently being used in the United States polling locations . These include hand counted paper ballots , mechanical lever machines , punch cards , optically scanned paper ballots , and electronic voting machines . Each location is charged with learning the technology and implementing the process to vote in each election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5ee2262f75adff1307cf19db4bb824e", "text": "Post-truth politics Post-truth politics ( also called post-factual politics ) is a political culture in which debate is framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the details of policy , and by the repeated assertion of talking points to which factual rebuttals are ignored . Post-truth differs from traditional contesting and falsifying of truth by rendering it of `` secondary '' importance . While this has been described as a contemporary problem , there is a possibility that it has long been a part of political life , but was less notable before the advent of the Internet . In the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four , George Orwell cast a world in which the state changes historic records daily to fit its propaganda goals of the day . Political commentators have identified post-truth politics as ascendant in American , Australian , British , Chinese , Indian , Japanese , Russian and Turkish politics , as well as in other areas of debate , driven by a combination of the 24-hour news cycle , false balance in news reporting , and the increasing ubiquity of social media . In 2016 , `` post-truth '' was chosen as the Oxford Dictionaries ' Word of the Year , due to its prevalence in the context of that year 's Brexit referendum and U.S. presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1684658ba464d53a2d58686ee241a3bd", "text": "Mock election A mock election is an election organized for educational or transformative purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb381fe934f26538e66445f47086f64e", "text": "Gump and Co. Gump & Co. ( or Forrest Gump and Co. ) is a 1995 novel by Winston Groom . It is the sequel to his novel Forrest Gump ( 1986 ) , and the Academy Award-winning film of the same name released in 1994 , with Tom Hanks . It was written to chronicle Forrest 's life throughout the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fdb7bfb6c3c5c90e4c18798a5b3a863", "text": "Syncretic politics Syncretic politics or spectral-syncretic refers to politics outside the conventional left -- right political spectrum . The term syncretic politics has been derived from the idea of syncretism ( syncretic religion ) . The main idea of syncretic politics is that taking political positions of neutrality by combining elements associated with the left and right can achieve a goal of reconciliation . Since this umbrella term is defined by the negation of the two standard poles of a given one-dimensional political spectrum , it refers to quite heterogeneous approaches . The Falange of Spain presented itself as syncretic . Falangism has attacked both the left and the right as its `` enemies '' , declaring itself to be neither left nor right , but a third position . In Hungary there has been a strong presence of syncretic political parties since the revolutions of 1989 . They won the election in 1990 forming a coalition government : Hungarian Democratic Forum , Independent Smallholders , Agrarian Workers and Civic Party and KDNP . KDNP later became a close ally of FIDESZ , losing this attribute in the process . After the first 4-year term syncretic parties went into a decline , many of them disappearing and only two new ones emerging since then : Hungarian Justice and Life Party and Politics Can Be Different , the latter still being present in the Hungarian parliament . Notable politicians are prime minister József Antall , minister of agriculture and rural development József Torgyán and green leader András Schiffer . At the peak of the Cold War , the former Argentinian President Juan Perón ( 1946 -- 55 ; 1973 -- 74 ) defined the international position of his doctrine ( Peronism ) as a third position between capitalism and communism , a stance which became a precedent of the Non-Aligned Movement . In the United States , `` third way '' adherents embrace fiscal conservatism to a greater extent than traditional social liberals , and advocate some replacement of welfare with workfare , and sometimes have a stronger preference for market solutions to traditional problems ( as in pollution markets ) , while rejecting pure laissez-faire economics and other libertarian positions . This style of governing was firmly adopted and partly redefined during the administration of President Bill Clinton . Political scientist Stephen Skowronek introduced the term `` third way '' into the interpretation of American presidential politics . Such presidents undermine the opposition by borrowing policies from it in an effort to seize the middle and with it to achieve political dominance . This technique is known as triangulation , and was used by Bill Clinton and other New Democrats who sought to move beyond the party 's New Deal liberalism reputation in response to the political realignment of the 1980s . Through this strategy , Clinton adopted themes associated with the Republican Party , such as fiscal conservatism , welfare reform , deregulation , and law and order policies . Famously , he declared in the 1996 State of the Union Address , `` the era of big government is over . '' In the United Kingdom , the emergence of New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown was a pitch for the Third Way , mixing economic neo-liberal policies , such as banking privatisation , with socially progressive policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c96b0f0b16fa2b8b37d7694d6c60f60d", "text": "Market populism Market populism , coined by Thomas Frank , is the concept that the free market is more democratic than any democracy . Frank himself does not believe this premise and sets forth arguments against it in his book One Market Under God . The concept received major widespread prominence in the 1990s when it was used to justify the New Economy , which consisted of a long bullish trend , and support for the free market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93debd475a35f28a25e11808cbe72dcc", "text": "Tom's Midnight Garden (film) Tom 's Midnight Garden is a 1999 family fantasy film directed by Willard Carroll and starring Nigel Le Vaillant , Marlene Sidaway and Serena Gordon . After going to stay with his uncle a boy is disappointed that he does n't have a garden he can play in . However , he discovers a secret garden that only appears in the middle of the night . It was based on the novel Tom 's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334023e806946ea13029bda3fed2a3ae", "text": "The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 . The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President . McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 . The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously : -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' . The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . '' In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfbaf9b6585ec40c456bbd186f538c2f", "text": "Vinegar Hill (novel) Vinegar Hill is a 1994 novel by A. Manette Ansay . It was chosen as an Oprah 's Book Club selection in November 1999 . It was adapted as a television film in 2005 , starring Mary-Louise Parker and Tom Skerritt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e74a81316cb3c33e3d9e92f8ef98153d", "text": "A Delicate Truth A Delicate Truth is a 2013 spy novel by John le Carré . Set in 2008 and 2011 , the book features a British/American covert mission in Gibraltar and the subsequent consequences for two British civil servants . Le Carré describes this as not only his most British novel but also his most autobiographical work in years . The author told The Daily Telegraph that he has based two of the book 's characters on himself . Le Carré sees Toby Bell as `` the thirty-something rising star of Her Majesty 's Foreign Service ... the striving ambitious fellow I fancy myself to have been at much the same age . `` whereas Sir Christopher ( `` Kit '' ) Probyn is `` a retired Foreign Office civil servant , who lives in rural Cornwall . `` the author has `` lived in a clifftop house outside St Buryan , near Land 's End , for more than 40 years . '' The novel may be loosely based on Operation Flavius , the 1988 operation during which three members of the Provisional IRA were shot dead by the British SAS in Gibraltar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9e3ceaed6e2f9ae739afd5b4df510b", "text": "Animal Farm (1999 film) Animal Farm is a made-for-TV film released in 1999 by Hallmark Films and broadcast on the American cable channel TNT . It is an adaptation of the 1945 George Orwell novel of the same name . The film tells the story of farm animals successfully revolting against their human owner , only to slide into a more brutal tyranny among themselves . The film received mixed reviews when it was broadcast , with much criticism directed at its ending .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635e734cf5f60ce5eccf1a313bac28f6", "text": "Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law . The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12fe46c116190694ae55947e1cf5acf", "text": "Richard Pildes Richard H. Pildes is a law professor at the New York University School of Law and a leading expert on election law . He is one of the nation 's leading scholars of public law and a specialist in legal issues affecting democracy . The son of two Chicago-area physicians , Pildes received his A.B. , summa cum laude , in physical chemistry from Princeton University in 1979 , and his J.D. , magna cum laude , from Harvard Law School in 1983 . He clerked for Judge Abner J. Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court ( where he clerked alongside future colleague and NYU Law Dean Richard Revesz ) , after which he practiced law in Boston . He began his academic career at the University of Michigan Law School , where he was assistant and then full professor of law from 1988 until 1999 , when he joined the NYU School of Law faculty . He has been a visiting professor at the University of Chicago Law School , Harvard Law School , and the University of Texas Law School . In the area of democracy , Pildes , along with the co-authors of his widely used casebook , The Law of Democracy , has helped to create a new field of study in law schools . Pildes is a leading scholar on the topics of the Voting Rights Act , alternative voting systems ( such as cumulative voting ) , the history of disfranchisement in the United States , and the general relationship between constitutional law and democratic politics in the design of democratic institutions themselves . His work in these areas has been frequently cited in United States Supreme Court opinions . Pildes gives frequent public lectures and appearances , and was part of the ABC News team that was nominated for an Emmy Award for its coverage of the 2000 Presidential election litigation . During the 2000 Presidential election controversy , he had an exclusive media contract with NBC and appeared frequently on NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw , MSNBC , and WNBC-TV . He is also an active public intellectual and public-law litigator . He has written for The New York Times , The Wall Street Journal , The New Republic , The American Prospect , and other such publications . Apart from his academic work , Pildes has also served as a federal court-appointed independent expert on voting rights litigation , an assistant to a special master for the redistricting of a state legislature , and has worked with North Carolina in redistricting litigation before the United States Supreme Court . He was assisted with one of his casebooks by then-University of Chicago Law School lecturer Barack Obama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b796f8f54ef23b0da9e53d49aacc5206", "text": "Exposure (Peet novel) Exposure is a sports novel for young adults by Mal Peet , published by Walker Books in 2008 . Inspired by William Shakespeare 's Othello , the story follows Otello , a black association football player and his high-profile relationship with Desmerelda , a white celebrity . It also has a parallel plot about three street kids trying to live life in abject poverty . Peet and Exposure won the annual Guardian Children 's Fiction Prize , a once-in-a-lifetime book award judged by a panel of British children 's writers . Walker 's North American division Candlewick Press published the first U.S. edition in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f29b4a8cf27f7766964c34521587f49", "text": "Special election musical chairs `` Special election musical chairs '' is a term used by editorialists to describe a series of special elections triggered by the mid-term resignation or death of an officeholder , with elections being won by other officeholders , triggering further special elections until either the next election required to replace a vacant office is scheduled on a regular election day or the winner of an election does not create a vacancy in any elected office . A well-known example is the series of five special elections held in the Oakland-Berkeley area from April 1998 to April 1999 . It began with the mid-term retirement of well-known Congressman Ron Dellums , and ended one year later with the unexpected election to the California State Assembly of Green Party candidate Audie Bock - by which time turnout had fallen to just 15 % of registered voters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66c71d8669152a79b97a31f17d3c8e05", "text": "The Appointment (novel) The Appointment ( Heute wär ich mir lieber nicht begegnet ) is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Herta Müller , published in German in 1997 . The novel , one of several for which the author was known when winning the Nobel in 2009 , was published in English by Metropolitan Books and Picador , a Macmillan imprint , in 2001 . The novel portrays the humiliations of Communist Romania , told from the perspective of a young woman working as a clothing-factory worker who has been summoned by the secret police . She is accused of sewing notes into the linings of men 's suits bound for Italy asking that the recipient marry her to help her get out of the country .", "title": "" } ]
fever
9f6c4de90b8444f2d6980b6154e09de0
19 Kids and Counting was cancelled in 2001.
[ { "docid": "4785ce9a9b3b17eb7886304cd0830cde", "text": "Jim Bob Duggar James Robert `` Jim Bob '' Duggar ( born July 18 , 1965 ) is an American real estate agent , politician , and television personality , known for the reality series 19 Kids and Counting ( 2008 -- 2015 ) . He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives ( 1999 -- 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e64a24d1784034223e9891f7f94dbe", "text": "19 Kids and Counting 19 Kids and Counting ( formerly 17 Kids and Counting and 18 Kids and Counting ) was an American reality television show that aired on the cable channel TLC for seven years , until its cancellation in 2015 . The show featured the Duggar family : parents Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar and their nineteen children -- nine girls and ten boys , all of whose names begin with the letter `` J. '' During the life of the show , three children were born , three children were married and four grandchildren were born . The reality show focused on the life of the Duggar family who are devout Baptists . and frequently discussed values of purity , modesty , and faith in God . The Duggars avoid birth control saying they have decided to allow God to determine the number of children they have . All of the children are homeschooled , and access to entertainment such as movies and television is limited . They practice chaperoned courtship , in which a couple acquaints itself only in a group setting . The values presented on the show have been associated with the Quiverfull movement , which has been described as promoting strict family conformity , male hierarchies , and subservient roles for women . The Duggars have stated they are not associated with the Quiverfull movement . The series began on September 29 , 2008 and concluded on May 19 , 2015 . The show was TLC 's most popular , averaging 2.3 million viewers per new episode in Season 10 , and scoring in the Nielsen `` Cable Top 25 . '' On May 22 , 2015 , TLC suspended the series when the Duggars ' eldest son , Josh , publicly apologized for having `` acted inexcusably '' following reports that he molested five girls , including some of his sisters , by fondling them . These events occurred in 2002 and 2003 , when he was 14 to 15 years of age , and prior to the beginning of the show . On July 16 , 2015 , TLC announced that the show was officially canceled and would not resume production . A spin-off show , Counting On , aired in December 2015 and the fourth season will premiere June 12 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "5ceb1e2666ddc47c8a94623ad3da98fc", "text": "20 to One 20 to One ( known as 20 to 1 before 2016 ) is an Australian television series on the Nine Network from 2005 to 2011 , hosted by Bert Newton that counts down an undefined `` top 20 '' of elements or events of popular culture , such as films , songs , sporting scandals . Previously the show was hosted by Bud Tingwell and narrated by David Reyne . The format mixes archival footage of the listed events with comments from various Australian celebrities . The series was rebooted by the Nine Network , which returned with its eleventh season on 31 May 2016 with new hosts , Australian radio hosts Fitzy & Wippa . On 8 November 2016 , it was announced the series would return in 2017 , Fitzy & Wippa will be replaced by Erin Molan & Dave Thornton as hosts . The twelfth season will begin airing on 6 June 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f58197d17b2aef325827f21095ea646", "text": "20th Television Twentieth Television ( or 20TV , stylized as 20th Television ) is an American television syndication studio and the syndication arm of 20th Century Fox Television itself a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64382c1a0ec3497a0c61e05e5487bceb", "text": "1981 Major League Baseball strike The 1981 Major League Baseball strike was the first work stoppage in Major League Baseball since the 1972 Major League Baseball strike that resulted in regular season games being cancelled . Overall , it was the fourth work stoppage since 1972 , but actions in 1973 , 1976 , and 1980 did not result in any regular season games being cancelled . The strike began on June 12 and forced the cancellation of 713 games ( or 38 percent of the Major League schedule ) in the middle of the regular season . The two sides reached an agreement on July 31 , and play resumed on August 9 with the All-Star Game , with regular season play resuming one day later . An estimated US$ 146 million was lost in player salaries , ticket sales , broadcast revenues , and concession revenues . The players lost $ 4 million a week in salaries while the owners suffered a total loss of $ 72 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddad1c467deb8b76039893188082f890", "text": "2001 Brisbane Sevens The 2001 Brisbane Sevens , officially the 2001 Brisbane International Sevens , was a cancelled international rugby sevens tournament , originally scheduled to be part of the second season of the World Sevens Series in 2000-01 . The International Rugby Board ( IRB ) withdrew the World Series hosting rights in response to the Australian government 's sporting sanctions against Fiji . The Australian federal government had refused to provide visas to the Fijian 7s squad following the Fiji military coup which had taken place in May 2000 . The statement from the IRB in response said : The event had been planned to be held in Brisbane on the weekend of 16 -- 17 February 2001 , but was cancelled . It would have been the 2nd edition of the Australian Sevens tournament but that had to wait for the 2002 Brisbane Sevens in the 2001-02 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee80f9dd27adaa48c4384fa70078924f", "text": "Outriders Outriders is an Australian children 's television series that first screened on the Nine Network in 2001 . It was a 26 part series produced by Southern Star Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0681c2a694ca75977a9654a12a50719", "text": "TeenNick TeenNick is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group , a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom . The channel features a mix of original programming , Nickelodeon-produced series , and acquired programs geared towards pre-teens and teenagers . The channel was originally known as TEENick from March 4 , 2001 ( when it originally launched as a program block on Nickelodeon ) to February 1 , 2009 , and The N from April 1 , 2002 , ( when it originally launched as a program block on Noggin ( now Nick Jr. ) ) to September 28 , 2009 . TeenNick 's name was taken from the former `` TEENick '' program block , which aired on parent channel Nickelodeon from 2001 to 2009 . As of February 2015 , TeenNick is available to approximately 72.3 million pay television households ( 62.1 % of households with television ) in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1563924bf6d2846e4bf0ffcd9dbcce4", "text": "2001 NFL season The 2001 NFL season was the 82nd regular season of the National Football League ( NFL ) . In the wake of the September 11 attacks , the NFL 's week 2 games ( September 16 -- 17 ) were postponed and re-scheduled to the weekend of January 6 -- 7 . In order to retain the full playoff format , all playoff games , including Super Bowl XXXVI , were re-scheduled one week later . The New England Patriots won the Super Bowl , defeating the St. Louis Rams 20 -- 17 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "736b10f475ed3884b553f4eeccb57033", "text": "OzTAM OzTAM is an Australian audience measurement research firm that collects and markets television ratings data . It is jointly owned by the Seven Network , the Nine Network and Network Ten , and is the official source of television ratings data for all metropolitan television in Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth as well as subscription services ( such as Foxtel ) on a national basis . OzTAM was created in 1999 after the Seven and Ten Networks led a call for a re-tendering of the contract to provide audience ratings . Executives from both networks were concerned that the previous ratings service did not accurately reflect viewing levels for their channels . Prior to OzTAM , the dominant metropolitan ratings company was Nielsen Media Research . The two companies competed for a short time , before Nielsen pulled out . Nielsen continues to be active in some regional areas . There are ten official survey periods , of four weeks each , cover 40 weeks of the year , excluding 2 weeks over Easter and 10 weeks over summer . In total , OzTAM measures ratings from 3,500 homes , with 950 homes in Sydney , 900 in Melbourne , 650 in Brisbane and 500 each in Adelaide and Perth , with these ratings commonly referred to as ` five city metro ratings ' . A further 2,000 homes outside these five cities are measured by Regional TAM , and an additional 1,200 homes monitor viewing of subscription television in Australia . Nielsen are contracted to provide the audience measurement services to both OzTAM and Regional TAM having previously operated their own measurement service . The Nine Network , traditionally the ratings leader in Australia for many years , carried over its dominance into the OzTam era , winning six consecutive ratings seasons between 2001 and 2006 inclusive . However , in recent years , it has languished in second position behind the Seven Network , which as of 2016 has won the last ten ratings seasons consecutively . In 2017 , the metropolitan homes measured will increase to 5,250 , Regional TAM homes will increase to over 3,000 and subscription viewing homes to 2,120 . Additionally , OzTAM 's renewed its contract with Neilsen as a sub-contractor through until 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdff16ca6e57e31a0af8ef5d1154b122", "text": "Now! That's What I Call Music 19 (UK series) Now ! That 's What I Call Music 19 or Now 19 was released in March 1991 . It was released on vinyl , audio cassette and CD . The album is the 19th edition of the Now ! series in the United Kingdom . Now 19 is officially the lowest selling edition of the series at release and it remains the worst performing edition as of March 2015 ( Now 44 being the best performing at over 2 million copies sold in the UK ) . Now 19 features six songs which have reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` Should I Stay or Should I Go '' , `` 3 a.m. Eternal '' , `` The Stonk '' , `` Sadness ( Part I ) '' , `` You 've Lost That Lovin ' Feelin ' '' ( which reached number one in 1965 ) , and `` Innuendo '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71b43146d7fb0aeb05e9c22c3e66563c", "text": "2001 NCAA Division I-AA football rankings The 2001 NCAA Division I-AA football rankings are from the Sports Network poll of Division I-AA head coaches , athletic directors , sports information directors and media members . This is for the 2001 season . Due to the events of September 11 , 2001 , all college football games were suspended during the following weekend . As a result , the poll released on September 18 was a repeat of the one released a week earlier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef3c738d3e1d0c26aa6486c3a6da1b0d", "text": "Ground Round Ground Round Grill & Bar , an American casual dining restaurant , was founded in 1969 by Howard Johnson 's . As of January 17 , 2010 Ground Round is owned by Independent Owners Cooperative , LLC , a group of 30 franchisee owners based in Freeport , Maine . Currently , Ground Round has 30 locations in 13 states . Ground Round was well known in the 1970s and 1980s for its children 's parties , showing old time silent movies and cartoons on a big screen , a mascot named Bingo the Clown , and for passing out whole peanuts where diners were not discouraged from throwing the shells on the floor , which became one of The Ground Round 's more endearing qualities that attracted families with small children ; they also often gave diners popcorn with their dinner , rather than bread . The newest incarnation of Ground Round does n't support such behavior and markets to the adult dining and cocktails crowd , although families are still welcome ( a mascot called the Ground Round Hound , an anthropomorphic hound dog , appears on the kids ' menu ) . In February 2004 the franchisor for Ground Round filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy ; in the process , all 59 corporate-owned restaurants ( almost half of the Ground Rounds then open ) abruptly closed their doors . A group of franchisees joined together in order to buy out the parent company , at the time Ground Round , Inc. , and started the Ground Round Independent Owners Cooperative , LLC ( GR IOC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372cfb466466010a31e9c3fac97a585a", "text": "Due to Lack of Interest, Tomorrow Has Been Canceled Due to Lack of Interest , Tomorrow Has Been Canceled is a 1969 book by Irene Kampen , an account of her return to school at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison after 25 years , and how she learned to adapt to the student culture of the late 1960s . While it is listed as non-fiction , Kampen included fictionalized students and other characters in the book . The expression is also the title of the last track of the 1968 jazz record `` America the Beautiful '' by arranger Gary McFarland , and is a line in the Kaiser Chiefs song `` Ruby '' . It was also used as the title of a 1971 BBC Horizon documentary on predictions of ecological disaster , focusing on the work of Paul Ehrlich . The book is also referenced in the film The Last of England ( 1987 ) , directed and written by Derek Jarman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfcfab98b5b363f571c3b71e498304c3", "text": "Key demographic The key demographic is a term in television ratings that refers to the most desirable demographic group to a given advertiser . Key demographics vary by network , time of day , and programming type , but they are generally composed of individuals who are younger and more affluent than the general public : `` Young adult viewers have been TV 's target demographic for decades , because they 're thought to have less brand loyalty and more disposable income . '' Most key demographic groups consist of adults who are somewhere in age between 18 and 54 . For example , the key demographic for reality television is women with disposable income aged 18 to 34 whereas for the WB Television Network it is `` eighteen - to thirty-four-year-old , educated , white , affluent viewers '' Television programming is tailored to members of its key demographics : `` Despite the increase in time-shifting to watch recorded television and shows on the Internet , the use of television as an advertising vehicle is still determined by demographic characteristics or who is watching at what time . '' The subset of ratings that only includes the key demographic of 18 - to 49-year-olds is often referred to as the `` key demo '' . Certain radio formats ( especially those dubbed `` classic '' ) and television outlets may target persons 35 to 64 , especially since the late 2000s recession wiped out many career opportunities for millennials , since the 35 -- 64 demographic has much more disposable income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fa77dd981165cba6f090393a8f5588", "text": "Run of the House Run of the House is a sitcom on The WB , that aired between September 2003 and May 2004 . Nineteen episodes were produced but only sixteen were aired before the show was cancelled . The show was about a family of four siblings , whose parents moved from Grand Rapids , Michigan , to Arizona , because the weather would be better there for their father 's health . But they left the mostly-grown children to stay in their old house and look after themselves , with the 3 eldest siblings also having to deal with raising their 15-year-old sister , Brooke . There was also a nosy neighbor named Mrs. Norris who often popped in unannounced to check up on them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb73ad2eab73451d91625d9d2f89c992", "text": "Canceled Apollo missions Several planned missions of the Apollo manned Moon landing program of the 1960s and 1970s were canceled for a variety of reasons , including changes in technical direction , the Apollo 1 fire , hardware delays , and budget limitations . Immediately after the program achieved its primary objective in July 1969 with Apollo 11 to land men on the Moon and return them safely , nine more landing missions were planned , but the last three , Apollo 18 , 19 and 20 , were canceled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0696bbbde53342a45c5941ec3260102c", "text": "KO Nation KO Nation is an American television series which featured up-and-coming boxers in a hip-hop format . Shown on HBO on Saturday afternoons throughout 2000 and 2001 , the show featured dancers and hip-hop performances , and was hosted by Fran Charles and Kevin Kelley . Ed Lover was the `` face '' of the show , and was the ring announcer . The show ultimately failed to attract its target audience and drew low ratings , and was cancelled in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72dd7e6210e8514eb2e1f0b0b100f738", "text": "List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates This is a partial list of affiliate stations of the DuMont Television Network , which operated in the United States from 1946 to 1956 . At its peak in 1954 , DuMont was affiliated with around 200 TV stations . In its later years , DuMont was carried mostly on poorly watched UHF channels or had only secondary affiliations on VHF stations . The DuMont affiliation ending dates listed here are somewhat tentative in several cases ; DuMont ended most operations on April 1 , 1955 , and honored network commitments until August 1956 . Many stations in the early years of television affiliated with more than one network . There were not enough local stations in most cities for each of the four major networks to have an affiliate , leading to the four networks ( as well as a number of smaller networks ) to fight for air time . Local TV stations were free to `` cherry-pick '' which programs they would broadcast . Many of DuMont 's `` affiliates '' carried very little DuMont programming , choosing to air one or two more popular programs ( such as Life Is Worth Living , which was aired by 169 stations during the 1953 -- 1954 season ) and/or sports programming on the weekends . Few stations carried the full DuMont program line-up . DuMont 's advertising revenues depended on being able to be viewed nationwide . As a result , the company made affiliation agreements which have been described as `` a crazy patchwork of deals '' . In many cities , DuMont was affiliated with more than one TV station in order to get more of its programming cleared for broadcast . No definitive list of affiliated stations from 1946 to 1956 exists , and many sources contradict one another . DuMont 's owned-and-operated stations are highlighted in yellow . The Paramount owned-and-operated stations , which did n't carry DuMont programs but were ruled DuMont O&O s by the FCC , are shown in pink .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e44a9b17059ee4e288385d5e6ee0b9a", "text": "Product 19 Product 19 was a breakfast cereal made by Kellogg 's . Introduced in 1967 , it consisted of lightly sweetened flakes made of corn , oats , wheat , and rice , marketed as containing all required daily vitamins and iron . The product was discontinued in 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
bc7409cb2b263ecec02dfcead6c42559
The Meyerowitz stories failed to cast any actors.
[ { "docid": "4d5a9efbe47269af1fbc2958eca0abd6", "text": "The Meyerowitz Stories The Meyerowitz Stories ( New and Selected ) is a 2017 American comedy-drama film directed and written by Noah Baumbach . The film stars Adam Sandler , Ben Stiller , Emma Thompson , and Dustin Hoffman . It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7a4b5582e6f4f28e9870d45d3a2155bf", "text": "Joseph Cawthorn Joseph Cawthorn ( March 29 , 1868 , New York City , New York -- January 21 , 1949 , Beverly Hills , California ) was an American stage and film comic actor . Cawthorn started out in show business as a child , debuting at Robinson 's Music Hall in his hometown of New York in 1872 . He appeared in minstrel shows and vaudeville as a `` Dutch '' comic , employing a thick German dialect . He later worked in British music halls and American touring companies . Cawthorn made his Broadway debut in 1895 , 1897 or 1898 , and embarked on a long career lasting over two decades . His first success was playing Boris in Victor Herbert 's 1898 operetta The Fortune Teller . Other notable Broadway roles included the title character in Mother Goose ( 1903 ) and inventor Dr. Pill in the fantasy musical Little Nemo ( 1908 ) . In the latter , he was called upon to ad lib to buy time during one performance . As `` the scene called for him to describe imaginary animals he had hunted '' , he invented the `` whiffenpoof '' on the spot . Yale students in the audience appropriated it for the name of their glee club . When his Broadway stardom waned , Cawthorn moved to Hollywood in 1927 and started a second prolific career , appearing in over 50 films , the last in 1942 . He played Gremio in the first sound adaptation of The Taming of the Shrew in 1929 , starring Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks ; Schultz in Gold Diggers of 1935 ; and Florenz Ziegfeld 's father in The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) . Cawthorn died peacefully on January 21 , 1949 . He was survived by his wife , actress Queenie Vassar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1fc4a925ba0829eda896586a4c4503", "text": "Nick Meyer Nick Meyer is an American film producer . Meyer was the president of Paramount Vantage until December 2008 . In 2007 , with Meyer as co-head of Paramount , the Studio received 19 Academy Award nominations . Four of the Studio 's 2007 feature films were honored : There Will Be Blood , a Paramount Vantage and Miramax co-production , received eight nominations , winning Best Picture among others ; No Country for Old Men , also a Miramax and Paramount Vantage co-production , received eight nominations ; Into the Wild earned two nominations ; The Kite Runner garnered one nomination . At the 80th Academy Awards , Blood and No Country won a combined six awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture for No Country , the Academy Award for Best Actor for Daniel Day-Lewis in Blood , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Javier Bardem in No Country . Formerly , Meyer was the long-time president of Lionsgate International , a division of Lionsgate Studios . He is the head of Sierra Pictures , which he founded in 2009 . In 2010 , Meyer formed White Knuckle Pictures with Brett Ratner to develop and finance moderately priced action films . In 2011 , his Sierra Pictures merged with film sales company Affinity International to become Sierra/Affinity . He is a graduate of Wesleyan University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e281237a1da91775b3ccfad50e78ab4", "text": "Arthur Anderson (actor) Arthur John Miles Anderson ( August 29 , 1922 -- April 9 , 2016 ) was an American actor of radio , film , television , and stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8c05fef167a1e0cc96f35e16b1e7d5", "text": "Selected Shorts Selected Shorts is an event at New York 's Symphony Space on the Upper West Side , in which screen and stage actors read classic and new short fiction before a live audience . The stage show began in 1985 and continues today at Symphony Space 's Peter Jay Sharp Theater . The annual season of the live events at Symphony Space begins in the mid-fall and ends in mid-spring . There is a theme to each Selected Shorts episode and performance . Several stories are presented around each theme . The stories are always fiction , sometimes classic , sometimes new , always performed by actors from stage , screen and television who bring these short stories to life . Evenings are often co-hosted by writers , literary producers , and other interesting characters . Symphony Space 's Artistic Director Isaiah Sheffer formerly hosted the live events , although many Selected Shorts also feature guest hosts , often well-known writers , who also choose which stories will be read . Mr. Sheffer died on November 9 , 2012 at age 76 . Actor BD Wong acts as the host of the live events since the fall of 2012 . The readings are recorded live and become the basis of a one-hour radio program , hosted by actors , authors , and entertainers such as David Sedaris , Stephen Colbert , Cynthia Nixon , Wyatt Cenac , and Jane Kaczmarek , with literary commentator Hannah Tinti of One Story Magazine , and are produced in conjunction with WNYC . The programs are distributed by Public Radio International and air on PRI-affiliated public radio stations in the United States . The radio program airs weekly throughout the year . Originally , the program was distributed by National Public Radio . However , in October 2007 , it moved its distribution to PRI , Public Radio International . The program 's theme is David Peterson 's `` That 's the Deal , '' performed by the Deardorf/Peterson group . Until 2011 , the radio show began and ended with the piano and cello duet `` Come to the Meadow '' by Roger Kellaway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b84dcef0a44e5511fa399c6f828d514", "text": "Herman Yablokoff Herman Yablokoff ( August 11 , 1903 -- April 3 , 1981 , הערמאַן יאַבלאָקאָף , Герман Яблоков , born Chaim Yablonik , Хаим Яблоник ) , sometimes written Herman Yablokov , Herman Yablokow , etc. , was a Belarusian-born Jewish American actor , singer , composer , poet , playwright , director and producer who became one of the biggest stars in Yiddish theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88eb1f1829b323bdc69f6c1ca0c1fbd0", "text": "Danny Burstein Danny Burstein ( born June 16 , 1964 ) is an American actor of stage and screen , who made his Broadway debut in 1992 . He is a six-time Tony Award nominee ; for The Drowsy Chaperone ( 2006 ) , South Pacific ( 2008 ) , Follies ( 2012 ) , Golden Boy ( 2013 ) , Cabaret ( 2014 ) and Fiddler on the Roof ( 2016 ) . He has also won two Drama Desk Awards , three Outer Critics Circle Awards , and received two Grammy Award nominations . His other Broadway credits include The Seagull ( 1992 ) , Saint Joan ( 1993 ) , and Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown ( 2010 ) . Burstein 's television work includes a feature-length episode of the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous ( 2002 ) ; a Staten Island father in the first season of Louie ( 2010 ) ; he appeared as different characters in six episodes of the original NBC drama series Law & Order ( 1995 -- 2015 ) , and played the recurring part of Lolly Steinman on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire ( 2010 -- 11 ) . His film appearances include Transamerica ( 2005 ) , Deception ( 2008 ) , The Family Fang ( 2015 ) and Indignation ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971c0eb4803143802d8f0c11fc282d65", "text": "Alan Grofield Alan Grofield is a fictional character created by Donald E. Westlake . He is the main protagonist of four of the 28 novels Westlake has written under the pseudonym Richard Stark , and a supporting character in an additional four . Grofield 's first appearance was in the novel The Score , which was published in 1964 . A career criminal and professional thief , Grofield is a devilishly handsome and charming womanizer whose main passion in life is the stage . This love of theatre does not extend to cinema ; Grofield has a deep disdain for television and film acting , and despite the fact that film and TV roles can be lucrative , Grofield will not pursue acting opportunities in these fields . The primary reason he steals is to keep his summer stock company running , and he might well quit his second profession if he could make a living through his first -- but he finds his second profession fulfilling as well . During the events of The Score , Grofield meets his future wife and acting partner , Mary Deegan , a hostage taken during the heist in that novel , who insists on leaving town with him . She is referenced in the Grofield novels , and features prominently in Lemons Never Lie . She helps him run his theater , and serves as his leading lady . Grofield is very happy with her , but feels no compunction about being with other women when he 's away on a heist . Unlike his frequent companion Parker , Grofield is a somewhat inconsistent character , and his adventures run the gamut from hard-boiled crime stories ( Lemons Never Lie ) to more fanciful , James Bond-style globetrotting and intrigue ( The Damsel , The Dame , and The Blackbird ) . Grofield is not mentioned in any of the eight Parker novels after Butcher 's Moon , and we do not learn whether he 's dead , imprisoned , or has simply retired from heisting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40e5b52112a3fd44a22b1b671717a260", "text": "Keefe Brasselle Keefe Brasselle ( February 7 , 1923 -- July 7 , 1981 ) was an American film actor , television actor/producer and author . He is best remembered for the starring role in The Eddie Cantor Story ( 1953 ) . The film was a response to the wildly successful The Jolson Story and Jolson Sings Again starring Larry Parks . The Eddie Cantor Story , however , could not equal the success of the Jolson films and Brasselle 's career did not launch as anticipated . In 1953 , Braselle hosted an episode of The Colgate Comedy Hour with comedian/dancer Dick Wesson as a promotional tie-in for the film . In 1956 , Braselle married the singer Arlene DeMarco ( 28 January 1933 -- 19 February 2013 ) . They divorced in 1967 . Brasselle had a close friendship with CBS executive James Aubrey . Brasselle started his own production company and Aubrey granted Brasselle 's company three television series without any previous script , pitch or pilots . The insider-chicanery resulted in a lawsuit against Aubrey and Brasselle launched by CBS shareholders . There were rumors that Aubrey had no choice in the matter due to threats from the Mafia , with which Brasselle was known to be connected . In 1961 , an Edison Township , New Jersey nightclub owned by Brasselle burned under suspicious circumstances . Fire officials came across six empty cans of gasoline at the scene , while their caps and spouts were found separately in a paper bag . In the summer of 1963 , Brasselle starred in a summer replacement series for The Garry Moore Show . Called The Keefe Brasselle Show , the program featured actress Ann B. Davis as herself in three episodes . During the 1964-1965 season , Brasselle 's `` Richelieu Productions '' banner produced three new but untested series : The Baileys of Balboa , The Cara Williams Show , and The Reporter , starring Harry Guardino . Those series suffered from poor ratings . Aubrey was removed as president of CBS Television in February 1965 after a long court battle . Brasselle later wrote a novel that was a thinly disguised account of his relationship with Aubrey and the network , The CanniBalS ( 1968 ) , followed by a sequel , The Barracudas ( 1973 ) , in which he attacked several showbiz figures he 'd worked with , including comedian Jack Benny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87461f1c496a6181f2361be6bc231069", "text": "Mike O'Brien (actor) Michael Patrick O'Brien ( born June 22 , 1976 ) , is an American actor , writer , and comedian , best known for his work as a writer and short filmmaker on Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0233b3676821868a46809438350d06f9", "text": "The Palm Beach Story The Palm Beach Story is a 1942 romantic screwball comedy film written and directed by Preston Sturges , and starring Claudette Colbert , Joel McCrea , Mary Astor and Rudy Vallée . Victor Young contributed the lively musical score , including a fast-paced variation of the William Tell Overture for the opening scenes . Typical of a Sturges movie , the pacing and dialogue of The Palm Beach Story are very fast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353b78b6e929e74c222a7174d79b82fa", "text": "Christine Estabrook Christine Estabrook is an American actress , known for her roles on the television series The Crew , Nikki , Desperate Housewives and American Horror Story ; she had a recurring role on the drama Mad Men during that show 's fifth season , and continuing into the sixth and seventh . She has received Obie Award and Drama Desk Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef0570a9536028d1afc7181ea4b9ccb", "text": "Exclusive Story Exclusive Story is a 1936 American drama film directed by George B. Seitz and written by Michael Fessier . The film stars Franchot Tone , Madge Evans , Stuart Erwin , Joseph Calleia , Robert Barrat and J. Farrell MacDonald . The film was released on January 17 , 1936 , by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727ba2694fa6fb8fd688b9a51e3d1c8d", "text": "Hans Christian Andersen (film) Hans Christian Andersen is a 1952 Hollywood musical film directed by Charles Vidor , with lyrics and music by Frank Loesser . The story was by Myles Connolly , screenplay written by Moss Hart and Ben Hecht ( uncredited ) , and Samuel Goldwyn Productions were the producers . It is a fictional , romantic story revolving around the life of the famous Danish poet and story-teller Hans Christian Andersen . The film stars Danny Kaye in the title role . The film was an international success at the time . It is not a biographical movie , and in the introduction describes itself as `` not the story of his life , but a fairytale about this great spinner of fairy tales . '' A large part of the narrative is told through song and ballet and includes many of Andersen 's most famous stories such as The Ugly Duckling , Thumbelina , The Emperor 's New Clothes and The Little Mermaid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b11235cce795e029d9f2e96941b7ebdd", "text": "The Jew (play) The Jew is a comedy written by playwright Richard Cumberland and first presented at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in May 1794 . The play is notable as the first play in the English theatre to portray a Jewish moneylender as the hero of a stage production . An adaptation of the original play along with a facsimile copy of The Jew was published in 2012 as Sheva , the Benevolent . The anti-Jewish tradition on the English stage dates back at least to the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and is exemplified by the characters of Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Barabas in Christopher Marlowe 's The Jew of Malta . In a series of articles called Observer , first published in 1785 , Cumberland created a character named Abraham Abrahams who would later serve as a template for Sheva , the title character in The Jew . In one instalment of Observer , Abrahams is quoted as saying , `` I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us , poor scattered sons of Abraham , than the Inquisition itself . '' A decade later , in writing The Jew , Cumberland sought to create a positive image of a Jewish man that would counteract centuries of anti-Semitic portraits . The tremendous success of the initial production prompted Cumberland to later write , `` The benevolence of the audience assisted me in rescuing a forlorn and persecuted character , which till then had only been brought upon the stage for the unmanly purpose of being made a spectacle of contempt , and a butt for ridicule . In the success of this comedy I felt of course a greater gratification , than I had ever felt upon a like occasion . '' Shortly after its London premiere , the play began to be performed in the United States , first in Boston , Philadelphia , and New York City and , later , in Richmond , Charleston , and many other cities and towns . The play was also translated into numerous languages including German , French , Hebrew , Yiddish , and Russian . The last known New York production under its original title was presented at the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1919 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "020cf79591c81be4d9e4ad8a8ba2e308", "text": "I Lost It at the Movies I Lost It at the Movies ( 1965 ) is Pauline Kael 's first collection of reviews , covering the years 1954 -- 1965 , which was published prior to her long stint at The New Yorker . As a result , the pieces in the book are culled from radio broadcasts that she did while she was at KPFA , as well as numerous periodicals , including Moviegoer , the Massachusetts Review , Sight and Sound , Film Culture , Film Quarterly and Partisan Review . It contains her negative review of the then widely acclaimed West Side Story , glowing reviews of other movies such as The Golden Coach and Seven Samurai , as well as longer polemical essays such as her largely negative critical responses to Siegfried Kracauer 's Theory of Film and Andrew Sarris 's Film Culture essay Notes on the Auteur Theory , 1962 . The book was a bestseller upon its first release , and is now published by Marion Boyars Publishers . Kael 's first book is characterized by an approach where she would often quote contemporary critics such as Bosley Crowther and Dwight Macdonald as a springboard to debunk their assertions while advancing her own ideas . This approach was later abandoned in her subsequent reviews , but is notably referred to in Macdonald 's book , Dwight Macdonald On Movies ( 1969 ) . When an interviewer asked her in later years as to what she had `` lost '' , as indicated in the title , Kael averred : `` There are so many kinds of innocence to be lost at the movies . '' It is the first in a series of titles of books that would have a deliberately erotic connotation , typifying the sensual relation Kael perceived herself as having with the movies , as opposed to the theoretical bent that some among her colleagues had .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a76b1d8822bae9636a053db2fcdb1e4", "text": "Sylvia Kauders Sylvia Kauders ( née Wolinsky ; December 1 , 1921 -- May 5 , 2016 ) was an American film , television , and theater actress known for numerous small but memorable roles on Broadway and in major motion pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85330806bb25574c3042a48f4c5f3df3", "text": "Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road . Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference . He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman . Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release . His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works . He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) . His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC . Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation . His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a737b1a29000acb3ba8854e93558347", "text": "Erna Baumbauer Erma Baumbauer ( 8 January 1919 -- 30 January 2010 ) was a German casting agent . She has been called the `` grand dame of German casting agents '' by The Hollywood Reporter for her long career in the German film industry , which spanned decades . She was nicknamed `` the Queen of Bavaria '' by one of her clients , actor Ulrich Mühe . Bambauer was born in Munich in 1919 , and stood 5 ' 1 '' tall during her life . She began her career by working as a bookdealer and journalist . She founded her eponymous Munich-based talent agency , Erna Baunbauer Management , following the end of World War II , where she worked until her death in 2010 . The Hollywood Reporter described her as knowing everyone with the German film industry . In one instance , film director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck sent Baumbauer a script for his 2006 film , The Lives of Others , for her to cast directly . Baumbauer directly chose three actors from her agency to become the male leads for the film - Ulrich Muehe , Sebastian Koch und Ulrich Tukur . Bambauer 's client included Sebastian Koch , Maximilian Schell , Katja Riemann , Susanne Lothar and Bruno Ganz . The German Film Academy awarded Baumbauer the lifetime achievement award in 2006 . This marked the first time in the academy 's history that a woman who was not a film director or actress by profession had received the honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc240561f30d636cd333e045d84af385", "text": "Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver . In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) . He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint . He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret . He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace . He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe . Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 . He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama . His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards . Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan . He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .", "title": "" } ]
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85e435c3c67f360c55ec53410869ee3f
Most Albanians are Buddhist.
[ { "docid": "646977b1e402d25bc266ef3a1e682c30", "text": "Albanians Albanians ( Shqiptarët ) are an ethnic group , native to Albania , Kosovo and neighboring countries . The term is also used to refer to the citizens of the Republic of Albania . Ethnic Albanians speak the Albanian language and more than half of ethnic Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo . A large Albanian population lives in the Republic of Macedonia and Italy , with smaller Albanian populations located in Serbia and Montenegro . The majority of Albanians are nominally Muslims ( mainly Sunni , with a smaller Shia , Sufi and Bektashi component ) , and a minority are nominally Christians ( Catholic and Orthodox ) . Albanians produced many prominent figures such as Skanderbeg , leader of the medieval Albanian resistance to the Ottoman conquest and others during the Albanian National Awakening seeking self-determination . During the 17th and 18th century Albanians in large numbers converted to Islam , often to escape higher taxes levied on Christian subjects . As Muslims , some Albanians attained important political and military positions within the Ottoman Empire and culturally contributed to the wider Muslim world . Albania gained its independence in 1912 and between 1945 -- 1992 , Albanians lived under a repressive communist regime . Albanians within Yugoslavia underwent periods of discrimination and eventual self-determination that concluded with the breakup of that state in the early 1990s culminating with Albanians living in new countries and Kosovo . Outside the southwestern Balkans of where Albanians have traditionally been located , Albanian populations through the course of history have formed new communities contributing to the cultural , economic , social and political life of their host populations and countries while also at times assimilating too . Between the 11th and 18th centuries , sizable numbers of Albanians migrated from the area of contemporary Albania to escape either various socio-political difficulties or the Ottoman conquest . One population which became the Arvanites settled down in southern Greece who starting from the 16th century though mainly during the 19th century onwards assimilated and today self identify as Greeks . Another population , who became the Arbëreshë settled in southern Italy and form the oldest continuous Albanian diaspora producing influential and many prominent figures . Smaller populations dating to migrations during the 18th century are located on Croatia 's Dalmatian coast and scattered communities across southern Ukraine . The Albanian diaspora also exists in a number of other countries . One of these is located in Turkey . It was formed during the Ottoman era through economic migration and early years of the Turkish republic through migration for economic reasons and later sociopolitical circumstances of discrimination and violence experienced by Albanians in Balkan countries . Due to the Ottoman legacy , smaller populations of Albanians also exist in Egypt and the Levant , in particular Syria . In Western countries , a large and influential Albanian population exists in the United States formed from continuous emigration dating back to the 19th century . Other Albanians populations due to emigration between the 19th and 21th centuries are located in Australia , Argentina , New Zealand , Canada , Germany , Belgium , United Kingdom , France , Sweden , Switzerland , Slovenia , Croatia , Italy , Finland , Denmark , Norway , Austria , Netherlands , Bulgaria , Greece and Romania .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2f165c6a9d862b448b5a466199d47213", "text": "Khenpo Sodargye Khenpo Sodargye ( Tibetan ： མཁན པ བས ད དར ར ས ； Chinese : 索达吉堪布 ) was born in the eastern region of Tibet known as Kham in 1962 , and was ordained in 1985 at the renowned Larung Buddhist Institute , the largest Buddhist academy of its kind in the world. , also in present-day Sichuan province of the PRC . He trained closely with Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche , who was himself one of the great luminaries of his generation . Khenpo Sodargye studied the traditional course of philosophical treatises and also received the entire corpus of Tibetan esoteric Buddhist transmissions . ( These teachings include the five principle treatises on Madhyamaka , Prajnaparamita , Abhidharma , Vinaya , and Buddhist Logic , as well as the Great Perfection , Kalachakra , and Mipham Rinpoche 's Guhyagarbha Tantra and Longchenpa 's Seven Treasuries and Trilogy of Finding Comfort and Ease . ) He was eventually placed in charge of the Institute where he became one of the principal teachers . He also served as Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche 's main translator for Chinese disciples and was assigned by Rinpoche to teach them . Khenpo Sodargye has become one of the most eminent contemporary Buddhist masters . As a Tibetan lama , a Buddhist scholar and teacher , a prolific translator into Chinese , and a modern Buddhist thinker , he is renowned across Asia and the west for his interest in the integration of traditional Buddhist teachings with global issues and modern life . He has lectured extensively across China and other parts of Asia , Oceania , Europe as well as Africa and North America . He has recently given lectures at a number of prestigious Universities including Peking University , Tsinghua , Harvard , Columbia , Yale , Princeton , Stanford , Oxford , Cambridge , University of Toronto , McGill University , University of Auckland , Melbourne University , University of Tokyo , Waseda University , National University of Singapore , National Taiwan University , University of Hong Kong and University of Göttingen . Khenpo often says , `` I do n't know how long I can live , but even if there were only one listener , I would exert myself to benefit him with Dharma till my last breath . '' Recent Publications : Living through Suffering , To Do Is to Gain , Cruelty Is Youth , The Cutter-A Commentary on the Diamond Sutra , Always Present ( available in English ) , Everything You Wish , What Makes You So Busy ? , Letting Go , Everything ? , Leaving behind , the Whole World ?", "title": "" }, { "docid": "057333d4c993a3f188fbb97239f5bda5", "text": "Albanians in Montenegro Albanians in Montenegro '' ' ( Albanci u Crnoj Gori , Shqiptarët e Malit të Zi ) constitute 4.91 % of the county 's total population . Albanians of Montenegro are Ghegs who mainly live in southeastern and eastern Montenegro , mainly in the following municipalities : Ulcinj ( 71 % of population ) , Plav ( 19 % ) , Bar ( 6 % ) , Podgorica ( 5 % ) and Rožaje ( 5 % ) . The largest city of Albanians in Montenegro is Ulcinj , where the headquarters of Albanian National Council are located .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a92d29d703cbd0e3aaf5497697b2b28", "text": "Dhamma Practitioner A Dhamma Practitioner is a name that is used to describe those who practice the teachings of the Buddha . It is used as an alternative to the widely used but vaguely defined term Buddhist . Dhamma practitioner is seen by many as a more accurate description for those who practice the Buddha 's teachings , and more fitting with classification schemes given in the Pali Canon . In contrast , the terms Buddhist and Buddhism are relatively recent inventions that some see as a Westernized framing of the teachings of the Buddha in terms fitting for religions such as Christianity , and not words that have an equivalent in the teachings of the Buddha . In the earliest sources , the Buddha himself referred to his teaching as the `` Dhamma and Discipline proclaimed by the Tathagata '' . Due to these reasons and the fact that the Buddha 's teachings are strongly rooted in practical application , the term Dhamma Practitioner has been used by many teachers as a description of those on the Buddha 's path .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed9a8b4e73ffeb4ad2e6e7cc9bba4ffc", "text": "Upali Upali ( Sanskrit उपालि upāli ) was a monk , one of the ten chief disciples of the Buddha . Before joining the order , he was part of the Royal barber caste and worked as a barber . When he cut the Buddha 's hair , the Buddha told Upali that he was breathing too fast . So , he learned how to control his mind by controlling his breathing . Later , he asked the Buddha if a person of `` low birth '' such as he could join the order . The Buddha ordained him before the princes and asked the princes to pay homage to Upali , who had by then become an Arhant and was an elder compared to the seven princes . He became the chief disciple in knowing the rules of the order and the foremost disciple in keeping precepts , later developing the Vinaya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "835a4e34f87174ea2df4b69dccf52cc5", "text": "Albanian Greek Catholic Church The Albanian Greek Catholic Church is an autonomous ( sui iuris in Latin ) Byzantine Rite particular church in communion with Rome , whose members live in Albania and which comprises the Apostolic Administration of Southern Albania . It is not to be confused with the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5cfdeede03133c595be792f5fdbc63", "text": "Religion in Ukraine Religion in Ukraine is diverse , with a majority of the population adhering to Christianity . A 2016 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that 70 % of the population declared themselves believers . About 65.4 % of the population declared to be adherents of various types of Orthodoxy ( 25 % Orthodoxy of the Kievan Patriarchate , 21.2 % just Orthodox , 15 % Orthodoxy of the Moscovian Patriarchate , 1.8 % Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church , and 2 % other types of Orthodoxy ) , 7.1 % just Christians , 6.5 % Greek Rite Catholics , 1.9 % Protestants , 1.1 % Muslims and 1.0 % Latin Rite Catholics . Judaism and Hinduism were the religions of 0.2 % of the population each . A further 16.3 % declared to be non-religious or did not identify in those religions listed hitherto . According to the surveys conducted by Razumkov in the 2000s and early 2010s , such proportions have remained relatively constant throughout the last decade , while the proportion of believers overall has decreased from 76 % in 2014 to 70 % in 2016 . ( p. 22 ) . As of 2016 , Christianity is particularly strong in westernmost Ukrainian regions , where most Greek Catholics live besides the Orthodox population . In central , southern and eastern regions , Christians constitute a smaller proportion of the total population , particularly low in the easternmost region of Donbass . Another religion that is present in Ukraine besides Christianity is Rodnovery ( Slavic native faith ) , which is significantly influent in the country and comprises Ukrainian - and Russian-language communities ( some Rodnover organizations call the religion Православ ' я Pravoslavya , `` Right-piety '' / `` Orthodoxy '' , thus functioning in homonymy with Christian Orthodox churches ) . Hinduism has been spread after the collapse of the Soviet Union by Indian and International Society for Krishna Consciousness ' missionaries and is particularly present in the Donbass region . Crimean Tatars professing Islam represent a significant part of the population in Crimea , which prior 2014 was a subject of Ukraine , but has been since that year a subject of Russia . As of 2016 , without Crimea , where Muslims formed 15 % of the population in 2013 , only Donbass maintains a larger community of Muslims compared to other Ukrainian regions ( 6 % ) . A 2006 survey of the same Razumkov Center found that : 62.5 % of all respondents were unaware of their religious affiliation , not religious or not affiliated to any religious body , 33.6 % were Christians ( 26.8 % Orthodox , 5.9 % Catholics , and 0.9 % Protestants ) , 0.1 % were Jewish , and 3.8 % were members of other religions . Since before the outbreak of the War in Donbass in 2014 , but even more violently so from that year onwards , there has been unrest between pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian religious groups in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93045fb9f450a37220e6381dc3cd491a", "text": "Eastern Orthodoxy in Montenegro Eastern Orthodoxy is one of the three main religions in Montenegro , and the largest . According to the latest census , 446,858 people ( 72.07 % ) registered as Orthodox Christians . The majority of Orthodox people are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church , that has 3 dioceses in the country : Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral , Eparchy of Budimlja and Nikšić and Eparchy of Mileševa . A minor percentage support the uncanonical and unrecognized Montenegrin Orthodox Church which claims the property of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro . The 17th-century Ostrog monastery is a landmark of Montenegro and the most popular pilgrimage site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1279bc3fa9495ccef43cf9426dd14807", "text": "Chinese people in Bulgaria Chinese people ( китайци , kitaytsi ; see Cathay ) in Bulgaria form a small part of the Overseas Chinese community . According to estimates by members of the community , the Chinese in Bulgaria number around 5,000 , although Bulgarian researchers put the figure at around 10,000 . Chinese are among the most recent immigrants to Bulgaria , the vast majority of them arriving after the democratic changes in 1989 , and particularly from 1992 on ; prior to 1989 , only a dozen Chinese lived in Bulgaria . Most Chinese in Bulgaria are economic immigrants and small-scale investors in particular . The bulk of the Chinese live in the capital Sofia , particularly in the municipality of Nadezhda and its neighbourhoods of Nadezhda , Tolstoy and Svoboda . Although there is no discernible Chinatown , it is thought that one might develop in the following years . Most of the Chinese were urban dwellers in China , a large number coming from the provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian , with fewer from Sichuan , Shandong , Jilin , Beijing and Hong Kong . According to the media , 2,0003,000 Chinese immigrate to Bulgaria every year . However , with the financial turmoil in the EU and Bulgaria , this figure has greatly decreased . The most typical and indeed most visible occupation of the Bulgarian Chinese is the management of Chinese restaurants , although they are also known as shopkeepers ( with a permanent presence in Sofia 's large and frequented bazaar Iliyantsi ) , engaging in both retail and wholesale trade . Some have also been involved in agriculture , for example producing and selling Chinese cabbage . Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese art are also very popular . As many Chinese come from Southern China , they speak a variety of dialects ( such as Min ) in addition to Mandarin Chinese . Among the main factors attracting Chinese to Bulgaria is the lower competition enabling more economic opportunities for the immigrants , the availability of more personal space and the lack of a one-child policy . The Chinese in Bulgaria come from a variety of religious and cultural backgrounds ; the majority are atheist , but there are also Buddhists , Confucians , Taoists , Christians , Jehovah 's Witnesses , etc. . The Chinese New Year is celebrated among family circles . A magazine called Kitay ( `` China '' ) is issued by the community in Bulgarian . The People 's Republic of China has had diplomatic relations with Bulgaria since 3 October 1949 : Bulgaria was the second country in the world to recognize the PRC and has not recognized the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) . The PRC has an embassy in Sofia , which used to be located in the Yablanski House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3614b60113039d890493c800b9f982aa", "text": "Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi : , ਪ ਜਾਬੀ ) , or Punjabi people , are an ethno-linguistic group associated with the Punjab , who speak Punjabi , an Indo-Aryan language . Punjab literally means the land of five waters ( Persian : panj ( `` five '' ) āb ( `` waters '' ) . The name of the region was introduced by the Greeksas Pentapotamia , which was later translated into Persian by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire . Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India . The coalescence of the various tribes , castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common `` Punjabi '' identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE . Prior to that the sense and perception of a common `` Punjabi '' ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist , even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic , cultural and racial commonalities . Traditionally , Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic , geographical and cultural . Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion , and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region , or associate with its population , and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue . Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture , since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections . More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background . Historically , the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari ( literally meaning `` brotherhood '' ) or tribes , with each person bound to a clan . However , Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes . With the passage of time , tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society , as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da39f9f24e92446f1ee8eba1cfb7edb9", "text": "Buddhism and Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India during the so-called `` second urbanisation '' around 500 BCE . They have shared parallel beliefs that have existed side by side , but also pronounced differences . Buddhism attained prominence in the Indian subcontinent as it was supported by royal courts , but started to decline after the Gupta era , and virtually disappeared from India in the 11th century CE , except in some pockets of India . It has continued to exist outside of India and is the major religion in several Asian countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a809054a9bb3ed3fa53419dbdc8bcf2", "text": "Vajracharya A bajracharya or vajracharya ( lit . `` vajra carrier '' ) is a Vajrayana Buddhist priest among the Newar communities of Nepal and a Revered Teacher who is highly attained in Vajrayana practices and rituals . Vajracharya means `` vajra carrier '' . They are also commonly called guru-ju or gu-bhaju ( a short form for guru bhaju ) which are Nepali terms related to the Sanskrit term guru , and translate as `` teacher '' or `` priest '' . The bajracharya is the highest ranking of the Newar castes that are born Buddhist . The emergence of vajracharya institution is ascribed to the decline of celibate Buddhist monks in about 13th century , and the emergence of Vajrayana . To become a professional Guruju , a person of the bajracharya caste must go through a number of rituals . The bajracharya boy goes through a ritualistic process of initiation known as bajravishekha , including shaving off the head as the buddha and asking for alms , at a minimum of seven houses a day in different places , in the tradition of monks since the time of Gautama Buddha . Sometimes tantric Newar Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism is referred to as `` Vajracharya Buddhism '' . The writers of Rebuilding Buddhism : The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-century Nepal explore the unusual relationship of the vajracharyas and their assistant shakyas with Buddhist monasticism : Unlike Vajracharyas , Shakya men may not be priests for others , but together with Vajracharya men they are the members of the traditional Newar Buddhist monasteries , known honorifically as vihara and colloquially as baha or bahi . In so far as Shakya and Vajracharya men filled their roles in the monastery , they were monks . In effect , they were married , part-time monks . Many of the modern Buddhist scholars in Nepal belong to the vajracharya tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5510a5a6d4f310e6a1665be1516033", "text": "Kora (pilgrimage) __ NOTOC __ Kora ( , THL : kor ra ) is a transliteration of a Tibetan word that means `` circumambulation '' or `` revolution '' . Kora is both a type of pilgrimage and a type of meditative practice in the Tibetan Buddhist or Bon traditions . A Kora is performed by the practitioner making a circumambulation a in a clockwise fashion round a sacred site or object , typically as a constituent part of a pilgrimage , ceremony , celebration or ritual . However , in broader terms , it is a term that is often used to refer to the entire pilgrimage experience in the Tibetan regions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2401725fe5c0023fe0a759a8c95d62d", "text": "Buddhist University Buddhist University ( BU ) is a university in Sanchi Town , India . The university was established in September 2012 by Government of Madhya Pradesh and then Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa , Bhutan 's Prime Minister Jigmi Yozyer Thinley , and Mahabodhi Society of Sri Lanka president Bangala Upatissa Nayaka Thero laid the foundation stone for the University on 17th of same month . The university built in collaboration with the government of Madhya Pradesh , Sri Lanka and Bhutan to promote the Buddhist and Indic Studies in the world . Government of Madhya Pradesh had invested Rs 300 crore to promote ` peace and harmony '' by setting university which will help in promote tourism and cultural trade in the state as Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam appose the move to protest Sri Lankan President Mahindra Rajapaksa 's visit to Sanchi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa1d1fe70f27d1cf7c0c0e5a376bf64f", "text": "Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression : we crave and cling to impermanent states and things , which are dukkha , `` incapable of satisfying '' and painful . This craving keeps us caught in samsara , the endless cycle of repeated rebirth and dying again , and the dukkha that comes with it . There is , however , a way to end this cycle , namely by attaining nirvana , cessation of craving , whereafter rebirth and associated dukkha will no longer arise again . This can be accomplished by following the eightfold path , restraining oneself , cultivating discipline , and practicing mindfulness and meditation . In short form , the four truths are dukkha , samudaya ( `` arising , '' `` coming together '' ) , nirodha ( `` cessation , '' `` confinement '' ) , and magga , the path leading to cessation . As the `` Four Noble Truths '' ( Sanskrit : catvāri āryasatyāni ; Pali : cattāri ariyasaccāni ) , they are `` the truths of the Noble Ones , '' the truths or realities which are understood by the `` worthy ones `` Encyclopædia Britannica , Arhat ( Buddhism ) who have attained nirvana . In the sutras , Buddhist religious texts , the four truths have both a symbolic and a propositional function . They represent the awakening and liberation of the Buddha , but also the possibility of liberation for all sentient beings , describing how release from craving is to be reached . In the Pali canon scriptures , the four truths appear in a `` network of teachings , '' as part of `` the entire dhamma matrix , '' which have to be taken together . They provide a conceptual framework for introducing and explaining Buddhist thought , which has to be personally understood or `` experienced '' . The function of the four truths , and their importance , developed over time , when prajna , or `` liberating insight , '' came to be regarded as liberating in itself , instead of or in addition to the practice of dhyana , meditation . This `` liberating insight '' gained a prominent place in the sutras , and the four truths came to represent this liberating insight , as part of the enlightenment story of the Buddha . The four truths became of central importance in the Theravada tradition of Buddhism , which holds to the idea that insight into the four truths is liberating in itself . They are less prominent in the Mahayana tradition , which sees the higher aims of insight into sunyata , emptiness , and following the Bodhisattva path as central elements in their teachings and practice . The Mahayana tradition reinterpreted the four truths to explain how a liberated being can still be `` pervasively operative in this world . '' Beginning with the exploration of Buddhism by western colonialists in the 19th century and the development of Buddhist modernism , they came to be often presented in the west as the central teaching of Buddhism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d51b04996983558d08f2f37690c5095", "text": "History of the Thai Forest Tradition The Kammatthana meditation tradition originally grew out of the Dhammayut reform movement , founded by Mongkut in the 1820s as an attempt to raise the bar for what was perceived as the `` lax '' Buddhist practice of the regional Buddhist traditions at the time . Mongkut 's reforms were originally focused on scriptural study of the earliest extant Buddhist texts , revival of the dhutanga ascetic practices , and close adherence to the Buddhist Monastic Code ( Pali : vinaya ) . However , the Dhammayut began to have an increasing emphasis on meditation as the 19th century progressed . During this time , a newly ordained Ajahn Mun Bhuridatto went to stay with Ajahn Sao Kantasilo , who was then the abbot of a small meditation-oriented monastery on the outskirts of Ubon Ratchathani , a province in the predominantly Lao-speaking cultural region of Northeast Thailand known as Isan . Ajahn Mun learned from Ajahn Sao in the late 19th century , where he studied amidst the growing meditation culture in Isan 's Dhammayut monasteries as a result of Mongkut 's reforms a half-century earlier . Wandering the rural frontier of Northeast Thailand with Ajahn Sao in rigorous ascetic practices ( Pali : dhutanga ; Thai : tudong ) . Ajahn Mun traveled abroad to neighboring regions for a time , hoping to reach levels of meditative adeptness known as the noble attainments ( Pali : ariya-phala ) , which culminate in the experience of Nirvana -- the final goal of a Theravada Buddhist practitioner . After more than two decades of intense meditation and ascetic practice , Ajahn Mun would return to Ubon Ratchathani in 1915 , claiming to have found the noble attainments . Word spread in the region , and monks came to study from Ajahn Mun , wishing to put his claims to the test ; though the assertions that he had found the noble attainments were not universally received at the time -- families were often divided over whether or not Ajahn Mun had attained sainthood . During this period , Mongkut 's successor Chulalongkorn ( Rama V of Siam ) had consolidated power in Bangkok , and implemented a wave of educational reforms which emphasized the role of the Thai clergy as educators . Dhammayut monks -- which included Ajahn Mun and Ajahn Sao and their students -- were drafted to teach a new monastic curriculum that had been infused with Western principles in an effort to prevent the encroachment of Christian missionaries , and to prevent Thailand from being colonized by a Western empire . Thailand would successfully prevent colonization ; however , Ajahn Mun and Sao 's students would continue to evade authorities ' attempts to assign them to monasteries and prevent them from practicing in the forest . Beginning in the 1950s though , the tradition would gain respect among the urbanities in Bangkok , and receive widespread acceptance among the Thai Sangha . Many of the Ajahns were nationally venerated by Thai Buddhists , who regarded them as arahants . Because of their reputations , the Ajahns have become the subject of a cultural fixation on sacralized objects believed among lay followers to offer supernatural protection . This cultural fixation was referred to by social anthropologist Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah as a cult of amulets , which he described during a field study in the 1970s as `` a traditional preoccupation now reaching the pitch of fetishistic obsession '' . During this time , the tradition found a significant following in the West ; particularly among the students of Ajahn Chah Subhatto , a forest teacher who studied with a group of monks in the Mahanikai -- the other of Thailand 's two monastic orders alongside the Dhammayut -- many of whom remained loyal to their Mahanikai pedigree in spite of their interest in Ajahn Mun 's teachings . However , in the final decades of the 20th century the tradition experienced a crisis when the majority of Thailand 's rainforests were clear cut . Because of this , the Forest Tradition in early 21st century Thailand has been characterized by a struggle to preserve the remaining forested lands in Thailand for Buddhist practice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e4e4d6a10dd691aa0e326b16a3d32ad", "text": "Geography of Kosovo Kosovo is a small landlocked country in Southeastern Europe , in the center of Balkan Peninsula . With an area of 10,908 km2 , it is one of the smallest countries in Europe . Considering it 's small area , Kosovo has a variety of topographical features . It is surrounded by mountains : the Sharr Mountains are located in the south and southeast , bordering Macedonia , while the Kopaonik Mountains rise in the north . The southwest borders with Montenegro and Albania are also mountainous , and home to the country 's highest peak , Gjeravica , 2656 m high . The central region is mainly hilly , but two large plains spread over Kosovo 's west and east , respectively , Metohija plain and Kosovo plain . In the terms of hydrography , Kosovo has limited water resources . The main rivers in the country are the White Drin , running towards the Adriatic Sea , the South Morava in the Goljak area , and Ibar in the north . Sitnica , a tributary of Ibar , is the longest river lying completely within Kosovo . There are several small natural lakes but the country 's most important lakes are artificial . The biggest lakes are Gazivoda , Radonjić , Batlava and Badovac . Kosovo also does have a large number of karst springs , thermal and mineral water springs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53694f849d6b47728978ea6256a6bbd5", "text": "Phajoding Monastery Phajoding Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Bhutan . Phajoding Monastery is a 3-hour hike from the nearest road and is located above Bhutan 's capital , Thimphu . It was once one of the richest and most decorated monasteries in the country however due to years of neglect and the encroachment of development , it was watch listed in 2010 by the World Monuments Fund as one of five endangered cultural monuments that need most help in the world . The Phajoding monastery site was founded in the 13 th Century by Phajo Drugom Zhigpo ( 1184-1251 ) , the Tibetan lama who spread the Drukpa Kagyu teachings of Buddhism in Bhutan and known as the ` current of compassion ' . It is one of the most sacred meditational sites in Bhutan . Most of the buildings at Phajoding however were constructed in 1748 by Gyelwa Shakya Rinchen ( 1710-1759 ) , the 9th Je Khenpo ( rje mkhan po ) who is considered to be the reincarnation of Rechungpa , the heart disciple of Milarepa . His reincarnation is currently studying at the Nalanda Buddhist Institute in Punakha in central Bhutan . The Phajoding monastery has a devoted community of over 80 young , impoverished monks who faithfully carry on the spiritual traditions set down by the founder of this sacred site , Phajo Drugom Zhigpo . It also serves as a refuge for disadvantaged boys . Over a half of these young monks do not receive the minimal Government stipend and coupled with the many more young boys from poor rural families wishing to join the Phajoding Monastic community , the monastery is unable to provide for their basic needs . Due to the limits on Government funding , it is impossible to increase Phajoding 's capacity to care for more disadvantaged young boys without external sponsorship . Raising awareness of this sacred meditational site The monks at this monastery have moved into the 21st Century and have embraced social media in a positive way to raise awareness of the financial needs at this monastery . Their project is known as `` The Phajoding Monastery Project '' . More information can be found on their website : www.phajodingmonastery.com OR on the following social media links which they run : Twitter : https://twitter.com/Phajoding Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/PhajodingMonastery Flickr : https://www.flickr.com/photos/phajodingproject/ PInterest : http://pinterest.com/phajoding/phajoding-monastery-project The goals of their project are to : provide compassionate care and education for orphaned and disadvantaged boys within a holistic curriculum . provide for the basic needs of these boys ( including a sense of family and belonging ) model the importance of the values and actions of compassion , gifting , sharing and trust . The project has gained a lot of support from within and outside Bhutan . Category : Buddhist monasteries in Bhutan Category : Tibetan Buddhist monasteries Category : Tibetan Buddhism in Bhutan", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84c213de965f7e204c6cbe617fe69abe", "text": "Buddhist ethics Buddhist ethics are traditionally based on what Buddhists view as the enlightened perspective of the Buddha , or other enlightened beings such as Bodhisattvas . The Indian term for ethics or morality used in Buddhism is Śīla or sīla ( Pāli ) . Śīla in Buddhism is one of three sections of the Noble Eightfold Path , and is a code of conduct that embraces a commitment to harmony and self-restraint with the principal motivation being non-violence , or freedom from causing harm . It has been variously described as virtue , right conduct , morality , moral discipline and precept . Sīla is an internal , aware , and intentional ethical behavior , according to one 's commitment to the path of liberation . It is an ethical compass within self and relationships , rather than what is associated with the English word `` morality '' ( i.e. , obedience , a sense of obligation , and external constraint ) . Sīla is one of the three practices foundational to Buddhism and the non-sectarian Vipassana movement -- sīla , samādhi , and paññā as well as the Theravadin foundations of sīla , Dāna , and Bhavana . It is also the second pāramitā . Sīla is also wholehearted commitment to what is wholesome . Two aspects of sīla are essential to the training : right `` performance '' ( caritta ) , and right `` avoidance '' ( varitta ) . Honoring the precepts of sīla is considered a `` great gift '' ( mahadana ) to others , because it creates an atmosphere of trust , respect , and security . It means the practitioner poses no threat to another person 's life , property , family , rights , or well-being . Moral instructions are included in Buddhist scriptures or handed down through tradition . Most scholars of Buddhist ethics thus rely on the examination of Buddhist scriptures , and the use of anthropological evidence from traditional Buddhist societies , to justify claims about the nature of Buddhist ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86216c87dab3b74fb7499cd9a880381f", "text": "Lineage (Buddhism) A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is `` theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself . '' The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral , or certified in documents . Several branches of Buddhism , including Chan ( including Zen and Seon ) and Tibetan Buddhism maintain records of their historical teachers . These records serve as a validation for the living exponents of the tradition . The historical authenticity of Buddhist lineage is questionable . Stephen Batchelor has claimed , speaking about specifically Japanese Zen lineage , `` the historicity of this `` lineage '' simply does not withstand critical scrutiny . '' Erik Storlie has noted that transmission `` is simply false on historical grounds . '' Edward Conze said `` much of the traditions about the early history of Chan are the inventions of a later age . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c7b2fbc5ea3a4ad1ec102cfaeb19b04", "text": "Origin of the Albanians The origin of the Albanians has been for some time a matter of dispute among historians . Contemporary historians conclude that the Albanians are not descendants of a single ancient population and apart from a possible connection with prehistoric Balkan populations , such as the Illyrians , Dacians or Thracians , there is an additional admixture of Slavic , Greek , Vlach , Roman , Celtic and Germanic element . Little is known about the ancient Balkan people , and they blended into one another in Thraco-Illyrian and Daco-Thracian contact zones even in antiquity . The Albanians first appear in the historical record in Byzantine sources of the 11th century . At this point , they were already fully Christianized . Very little evidence of pre-Christian Albanian culture survives , although Albanian mythology and folklore are of Paleo-Balkanic origin and almost all of their elements are pagan , in particular showing Greek influence . The Albanian language forms a separate branch of Indo-European , first attested in the 15th century , and is considered to have evolved from one of the Paleo-Balkans languages of antiquity . Studies in genetic anthropology show that the Albanians share similar ancestry to many other Europeans , and especially other peoples of the Balkans . The Albanians are also one of Europe 's populations that has most common ancestors within their own ethnic group even though they share ancestors with other ethnic groups .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e718eedcd05f5bfeca3b92d7558b6e02
Indianapolis hosted Super Bowl XLVI.
[ { "docid": "9a8256527ce002349e120b488666c081", "text": "Super Bowl XLVI Super Bowl XLVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2011 season . The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 21 -- 17 . The game was played on February 5 , 2012 , at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , the first time that the Super Bowl was played in the state of Indiana . In addition to winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history , the Giants set a new record for the lowest regular season record ( 9 -- 7 , win percentage of 56.3 % ) by a Super Bowl champion . The Patriots entered the game with a 13 -- 3 regular season record , and were also seeking their fourth Super Bowl win . The game was also a rematch of Super Bowl XLII , in which New York also won , 17 -- 14 , to spoil New England 's run at a perfect 2007 season in what is now considered to be one of the greatest upsets in sports history . Super Bowl XLVI also marked the third consecutive matchup between teams from divisions with the same cardinal directions , with the Giants/Patriots from the NFC/AFC East , Super Bowl XLV between the Green Bay Packers/Pittsburgh Steelers from the NFC/AFC North , and Super Bowl XLIV between the New Orleans Saints/Indianapolis Colts from the NFC/AFC South . Two years later , the Seattle Seahawks/Denver Broncos , from the NFC/AFC West , would continue this trend when they met each other for Super Bowl XLVIII . The Giants jumped to a 9 -- 0 lead in the first quarter of Super Bowl XLVI before the Patriots scored 17 unanswered points to take a 17 -- 9 lead in the third quarter . But the Giants prevented the Patriots from scoring again , and two consecutive New York field goals chipped away New England 's lead , 17 -- 15 , late in the third quarter . The Giants capped off an 88-yard drive with running back Ahmad Bradshaw 's 6-yard game-winning touchdown with 57 seconds left in the game . Eli Manning , who completed 30 of 40 passes for 296 yards , one touchdown , and no interceptions , was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in his career . He became the third consecutive quarterback to win the award after Aaron Rodgers in Super Bowl XLV and Drew Brees in Super Bowl XLIV . The broadcast of the game on NBC broke the then record for the most-watched program in American television history , previously set during the previous year 's Super Bowl . Super Bowl XLVI was watched by an estimated average audience of 111.3 million US viewers and an estimated total audience of 166.8 million , according to Nielsen , meaning that over half of the American population watched at least some of the initial broadcast . The game also set the record for most tweets per second during a sporting event , with 13.7 million tweets from 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. ( PST ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "df7c565a72fc808c9e567c4a737031c1", "text": "Reggie Wayne Reginald Wayne ( born November 17 , 1978 ) is a former American football wide receiver who spent his entire 14-year career with the Indianapolis Colts . He played college football for the University of Miami , and was drafted by the Colts in the first round ( 30th overall ) of the 2001 NFL Draft . A six-time Pro Bowl selection , Wayne was a member of the Colts ' Super Bowl XLI championship team that beat the Chicago Bears . He ranks seventh all-time in NFL career receptions , ninth all-time in NFL receiving yards , and 23rd all-time in career touchdown receptions . On December 14 , 2014 , Wayne played in both his 209th game and his 142nd win as a member of the Colts , breaking the franchise records set by Peyton Manning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7193ce70bb7bcdcbf3f87b35be307294", "text": "2013 Indianapolis Colts season The Indianapolis Colts season was the franchise 's 61st season in the National Football League , the 30th in Indianapolis and the second season under head coach Chuck Pagano , who missed most of the 2012 season due to treatment for leukemia . The Colts have matched their 2012 record of 11 -- 5 , but went undefeated within the division this season . The Colts planned to advance further than the Wild Card round in the playoffs than in 2012 , where they lost to the Ravens . They had done so after coming off of a 28-point trail against the Chiefs to win 45 -- 44 at home . However , the Colts were defeated by the New England Patriots in the Divisional round , by a score of 43 -- 22 . On March 7 , 2013 , Jeff Saturday signed a one-day contract in order to retire as a member of the Indianapolis Colts . For the second consecutive season , the Colts held the final pick in the NFL Draft , number 254 , which is famously known as Mr. Irrelevant . In 2012 , the final player selected was Chandler Harnish . The 2013 season 's Mr. Irrelevant is Justice Cunningham . Throughout the season , the Colts wore a patch to recognize the 30th season since their move to Indianapolis . On October 20 , 2013 , Peyton Manning made his first return to Indianapolis since being released by the Indianapolis Colts and signed by the Denver Broncos , a game in which commentator Al Michaels dubbed `` the War of 1812 '' ( referring to Peyton Manning 's number of 18 and Colts quarterback Andrew Luck 's number of 12 ) . The Colts won the game 39-33 . While losing their Week 14 match-up against the Cincinnati Bengals , the Colts overall record as well as a 4 -- 0 record within the division was enough to earn them their 15th division title after the Denver Broncos defeated the Tennessee Titans . The Colts became the first team of the 2013 season to win their division , securing a home playoff game . With the Titans ' loss to the Cardinals in Week 15 , the Colts were the only AFC South team to make the playoffs . In the AFC Wild Card Game against the Kansas City Chiefs , the Colts rallied to turn a 38 -- 10 Chiefs ' lead into a 45 -- 44 victory for the second largest comeback in NFL playoff history . It is behind only the Bills who rallied from a 32-point deficit in the 1993 AFC Wild Card Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9b405b8cbfa62dc7a9d815ddee2743", "text": "List of attractions and events in Indianapolis", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e881ea9ee8d5c456ab6c7e87492a32f5", "text": "Indianapolis mayoral election, 2007 The Indianapolis mayoral election of 2007 took place on November 6 , 2007 . Voters elected the Mayor of Indianapolis , members of the Indianapolis City-County Council , as well as several other local officials . Incumbent Democrat Bart Peterson was seeking a third term . Republicans nominated former Marine Greg Ballard to run against Peterson . In what was called , `` the biggest upset in Indiana political history '' , Ballard defeated Peterson 51 % to 47 % . The Indianapolis City-County elections took place alongside the mayoral election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1563924bf6d2846e4bf0ffcd9dbcce4", "text": "2001 NFL season The 2001 NFL season was the 82nd regular season of the National Football League ( NFL ) . In the wake of the September 11 attacks , the NFL 's week 2 games ( September 16 -- 17 ) were postponed and re-scheduled to the weekend of January 6 -- 7 . In order to retain the full playoff format , all playoff games , including Super Bowl XXXVI , were re-scheduled one week later . The New England Patriots won the Super Bowl , defeating the St. Louis Rams 20 -- 17 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "325071652aee013106506ecc934bb3ce", "text": "1994 Indianapolis Colts season The 1994 Indianapolis Colts season was the 42nd season for the team in the National Football League and 11th in Indianapolis . The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League 's 1994 season with a record of 8 wins and 8 losses , and finished third in the AFC East division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1387fc8ecac2a7ec37b568307bf636dc", "text": "Super Bowl XXV Super Bowl XXV was an American football game between the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion Buffalo Bills and the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 1990 season . The Giants defeated the Bills by the score of 20 -- 19 , winning their second Super Bowl . It is the only Super Bowl decided by one point . The game was held at Tampa Stadium in Tampa , Florida , on January 27 , 1991 , during the height of the Gulf War . It was thus played under much patriotic fervor , highlighted by a rousing rendition of `` The Star-Spangled Banner '' by Whitney Houston during the pre-game ceremonies . The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , who broadcast the game in the U.S. , did not broadcast the Super Bowl XXV halftime show ( headlined by the American boy band New Kids on the Block ) live . Instead , the network televised a special ABC News report anchored by Peter Jennings on the progress of the war , and then aired the halftime show on tape delay after the game . The Bills and their explosive no-huddle offense were making their first Super Bowl appearance after finishing the regular season with a 13 -- 3 record , and leading the league in total points scored with 428 . In advancing to their second Super Bowl , the Giants also posted a 13 -- 3 regular season record , but with a ball-control offense and a defense that allowed a league-low 211 points . The game is best remembered for Bills placekicker Scott Norwood 's last-second field goal attempt which went wide right of the uprights , leading to a Giants victory , and starting a four-game losing streak in the Super Bowl for the Bills . The Giants set a Super Bowl record holding possession of the ball for 40 minutes and 33 seconds . The Giants also overcame a 12 -- 3 second-quarter deficit , and made a 75-yard touchdown drive that consumed a Super Bowl-record 9:29 off the clock . Giants running back Ottis Anderson , who carried the ball 21 times for 102 yards and one touchdown , was named Super Bowl MVP . He was the first awardee to receive the newly named `` Pete Rozelle Trophy '' ( named for the former commissioner ) . Anderson also recorded one reception for seven yards . This is the first Super Bowl to feature two teams representing the same state . It was also the first Super Bowl in which neither team committed a turnover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42c3f4430725f3cfbc512eda18da149f", "text": "Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2003 season . The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 -- 29 , winning their second Super Bowl championship in three years . The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas , on February 1 , 2004 . At the time , this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers . The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 5 regular season record . They also made it the second straight year that a team from the NFC South division made the Super Bowl , with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers winning Super Bowl XXXVII . The Patriots were seeking their second Super Bowl title in three years after posting a 14 -- 2 record . NFL fans and sports writers widely consider this game one of the most well-played and thrilling Super Bowls ; Sports Illustrated writer Peter King hailed it as the `` Greatest Super Bowl of all time . '' Although neither team could score in the first and third quarters , they both ended up with a combined total of 868 yards and 61 points . The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime . The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter . The contest was finally decided on New England kicker Adam Vinatieri 's 41-yard field goal with four seconds left . Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in three years . He set a Super Bowl record for the most pass completions ( 32 ) , completing 66.7 percent of his passes and accumulating 354 passing yards , 3 touchdowns , and 12 rushing yards . Jake Delhomme for his part overcame the poor start with 323 passing yards and three touchdowns . The 61 combined points stood as a Super Bowl record until the 62 points scored in Super Bowl LI in 2017 . The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson 's breast , adorned with a nipple shield , was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second , in what was later referred to as a `` wardrobe malfunction '' . Along with the rest of the halftime show , it led to an immediate crackdown by the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac59887ebc6a0fdaefa9a09b7d41bd2a", "text": "1928 Indianapolis 500 The 16th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Wednesday , May 30 , 1928 . This was the first Indianapolis 500 presided over by new Speedway president Eddie Rickenbacker . Rain threatened to wash out the day , but the showers stopped and the race started on time . One brief shower slowed the race around the 400-mile mark , bringing out the yellow flag for a few laps . It was the third year contested with the supercharged 91 cu . in . ( 1.5 L ) displacement engine formula . A total of seven supercharged front-wheel drive cars were entered , and they swept the front row during time trials . Leon Duray in a Miller took the pole position with an average speed of 122.391 mi/h , a new track record . Duray dominated much of the first half of the race , setting a blistering pace . He dropped out in the second half , however , due to an overheating engine . With twenty laps to go , Tony Gulotta led Jimmy Gleason and Louis Meyer . All three cars were running nose-to-tail . On lap 181 , Gulotta slowed with a leaking fuel tank and a clogged fuel line . Gleason and Meyer then battled for the lead . On lap 196 Gleason headed for the pits to take on water for the radiator . A crew member missed the radiator and accidentally doused the car 's magneto with water . The engine was ruined with a cracked water jacket in sight of victory . Rookie driver Louis Meyer ( though he had appeared as a relief driver in 1927 ) took the first of what would be three career Indy victories . Meyer did not even land his ride until one week before the race . Car owner Phil `` Red '' Shafer entered a rear-wheel drive Miller Special for Wilbur Shaw with initial backing from a fuel pump manufacturer . The deal fell through , and Shafer abruptly sold the car to Alden Sampson II four days before time trials were scheduled to begin . Sampson hired Louis Meyer to drive the car , the same machine that Tony Gulotta drove to a third place in 1927 . Meyer put the car safely in the field in 13th starting position . He drove a steady , consistent pace , and led only once , the final 19 laps of the race . Despite predictions of record speed , and an early blistering pace , Meyer 's average speed of 99.482 mph for the 500 miles fell short of the record set in 1926 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74b56eae8611df08d3a56772b8f540f", "text": "Hometown Sports Indiana Hometown Sports Indiana ( HTSI ) is a division of Webstream Productions , who recently purchased Hometown Television Corporation . HTSI is Indiana 's only 24/7 television network airing ultra-regional sports in partnership with WRTV , Channel 6.2 in Indianapolis . The network is viewable in nearly 1,000,000 digitally cabled homes in the Indianapolis , Lafayette and Terre Haute DMAs . HTSI is the official producer of Indiana High School Athletic Association ( IHSAA ) championship events and has produced many championship events both within Indiana and nationally . Notable broadcasts in 2009 -- 2010 included : Indiana Bowling State Championship Great Lakes Valley Conference Volleyball , Basketball and Baseball Championships University of Indianapolis Football and Basketball Wabash College , Franklin College and Marian University Football State Championships in Volleyball , Softball , Basketball , Football and Soccer . In 2010 , the Indianapolis Indians announced their home baseball games would be aired live on HomeTown Sports Indiana The channel is currently now known as Hometown Sports and News ( HTSN ) which features a 24/7 rolling news wheel format with news , weather and sports updates , alongside features from `` The List '' and `` Right This Minute '' , two of Scripps ' syndicated television shows that are carried on WRTV . It also includes `` Call 6 Investigations '' and `` Do n't Waste Your Money '' features . The channel still carries live local and regional high school sports events . The only programming that interrupts HTSN 's format is `` The Outdoorsman with Buck McNeely '' on Saturdays at 11:00 p.m. and 3 hours of weekly E/I programming on Sunday mornings from 7:00 -- 10:00 a.m. Starting with the team 's 2014 -- 2015 inaugural season , the channel carried coverage of Indy Fuel ECHL hockey . Both the Fuel and Indians retained online streaming rights , meaning that HTSI 's online feed was unable to carry their games . The network ended operations on October 1 , 2016 and was replaced with a full-time feed of GRIT , due to the cost of sports rights and a chain-wide deal forcing the station to carry that network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58378a89259132c2ac53d7a7d4727735", "text": "Terry Cole (American football) Terry Cole ( July 7 , 1945 -- November 11 , 2005 ) was an American football running back who played professionally in the National Football League . He started his career at Mitchell High School , where he was named to the All-State team in both his junior and senior years , earning All-American honors his senior year . Cole went on to play at Indiana University , where he started at fullback his sophomore , junior , and senior years . In 1967 , he was named MVP of the annual Old Oaken Bucket game against Purdue University , rushing for 155 yards and one touchdown . Cole played six seasons for the Baltimore Colts , the Pittsburgh Steelers , and the Miami Dolphins , as well as in the World Football League with the Houston Texans , Shreveport Steamer . Highlights of his pro football career include three Super Bowl appearances and was the runner-up for the 1968 rookie of the year award . After his NFL career , Cole started several small businesses and was president of Cole-Chem , a diversified specialty chemical company . Cole was inducted into the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1992 and received the Zora Clevenger award in 2005 , the highest honor given to a former IU athlete . In September 2000 the Mitchell High School ( Indiana ) football field was officially renamed Terry Cole Field . Cole died on November 11 , 2005 of cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7af7fad31f47e6b9df257a6dd2b92c8", "text": "USA Football USA Football is the national governing body for amateur American football in the United States . It is an independent non-profit based in Indianapolis , Indiana . USA Football hosts more than 100 training events annually and offers education programs for coaches and game officials , as well as skill development for young players and resources for youth league administrators . The organization awards more than $ 1,000,000 in equipment grants to youth leagues and high schools each year based on merit and need along with additional resources . USA Football also offers up to $ 500,000 in subsidies for volunteer youth coach background checks . USA Football was endowed by the National Football League and the National Football League Players Association in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a65c7f1f8e296d4690bf6351809e65", "text": "Mass Transit Super Bowl The Mass Transit Super Bowl was a public transportation plan and marketing strategy conceived for Super Bowl XLVIII and Super Bowl Week , a series of events leading up to the February 2 , 2014 , football game between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks . It was originally projected that over 400,000 people would come to the New York -- New Jersey region for the game and related activities , and that over 80,000 would attend the game itself ; actual patronage of the metropolitan area during that time was projected to be over 500,000 . Metropolitan area transit agencies worked with the National Football League , organizers of the event , and developed special services , schedules , fares , and maps to promote the use of mass transit during the week , which began with the arrival of teams on January 26 . On game day , those traveling by train experienced overcrowding and long delays due to miscalculated estimations and an unanticipated surge of passengers , leading to much criticism of the plan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9569b5932f3da9c030140932ed7b066c", "text": "Purdue Boilermakers football The Purdue Boilermakers football team represents Purdue University ( also referred to as simply `` Purdue '' ) in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of college football . Purdue plays its home games at Ross -- Ade Stadium on the campus of Purdue University in West Lafayette , Indiana . The head coach of Purdue is Jeff Brohm , the 36th head coach in program history . The Boilermakers compete in the Big Ten Conference as a member of the West Division . Purdue had most recently been a part of the Leaders Division of the Big Ten , but moved to the West Division in 2014 due to conference expansion . With a 598 -- 545 -- 48 record at the conclusion of the 2015 season , Purdue has the 47th-most victories among NCAA FBS programs . Purdue was originally classified as a Major College school in the 1937 season until 1972 . Purdue received Division I classification in 1973 , becoming a Division I-A program from 1978 to 2006 and an FBS program from 2006 to the present . The Boilermakers have registered 64 winning seasons in their history , with 19 of those seasons resulting in eight victories or more , 10 seasons resulting in at least nine wins , and one season with ten victories or more . Of those successful campaigns , Purdue has produced five unbeaten seasons in its history , going 4 -- 0 in 1891 , 8 -- 0 in 1892 , 8 -- 0 in 1929 , 7 -- 0 -- 1 in 1932 and 9 -- 0 in 1943 . The Boilermakers have won a total of 12 conference championships in their history ; eight Big Ten Conference titles and four Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e02465a518167f6d75ad2f8d774433", "text": "1969 NFL Championship Game The 1969 NFL Championship Game was the 37th and final championship game prior to the AFL -- NFL merger , played January 4 , 1970 , at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington , Minnesota , a suburb south of Minneapolis . The winner of the game earned a berth in Super Bowl IV in New Orleans against the champion of the American Football League . The Minnesota Vikings of the Western Conference hosted the Cleveland Browns of the Eastern Conference . It was the Vikings ' first appearance in the title game , while the Browns were making their second straight appearance and fourth of the 1960s . Minnesota had a regular season record of 12 -- 2 , including a 51 -- 3 defeat of the Browns eight weeks earlier on November 9 . The Vikings defeated the Los Angeles Rams 23 -- 20 in the Western Conference championship a week earlier at Met Stadium . They were coached by Bud Grant and led on offense by quarterback Joe Kapp and wide receiver Gene Washington . The defense allowed only 133 points ( 9 1/2 per game ) during the regular season and their four defensive linemen were known as the `` Purple People Eaters . '' Cleveland was 10 -- 3 -- 1 during the regular season and had upset the Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 14 at the Cotton Bowl for the Eastern Conference title . The Browns were coached by Blanton Collier ; Bill Nelsen was the starting quarterback and Gary Collins and Paul Warfield were star wide receivers for the team . Although not as severe as the `` Ice Bowl '' of 1967 , the weather conditions were bitterly cold at 8 F , with a sub-zero wind chill factor . Cleveland linebacker Jim Houston suffered frostbite during the game and was hospitalized . Minnesota was favored by nine points to win the title game at home , and they won , 27 -- 7 . Of the four NFL teams that joined the league during the AFL era ( 1960s ) , Minnesota was the sole winner of a pre-merger NFL championship . The Dallas Cowboys entered the league in 1960 and lost two NFL title games to the Green Bay Packers , in 1966 and 1967 . The expansion Atlanta Falcons ( 1966 ) and New Orleans Saints ( 1967 ) did not qualify for the postseason until 1978 and 1987 , respectively . Starting with the season , the NFL champion was determined in the Super Bowl , beginning with Super Bowl V.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf7c0fe393c3daffb98c6cd237fa3dd7", "text": "2007 Insight Bowl The 2007 Insight Bowl , part of the 2007-08 NCAA football bowl games season , was played on December 31 , 2007 , at Sun Devil Stadium on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe , Arizona . The opponents were the Indiana Hoosiers of the Big Ten Conference and the Oklahoma State Cowboys of the Big 12 Conference . This was the third straight year of the Big 10 and Big 12 tie-ins for this bowl game . Both teams had tumultuous seasons . The Hoosiers ' previous head coach , Terry Hoeppner , died in June 2007 and Bill Lynch took over the program . The season-long mantra was `` Play 13 , '' as in playing a 13th game , a bowl , after the 12-game regular season . ( This is IU 's first bowl since 1993 . ) Meanwhile , Cowboys head coach Mike Gundy became famous throughout North America for a tirade against a sportswriter for The Daily Oklahoman . The outburst was repeated many times on TV sportscasts and online . The Cowboys were 6 -- 6 on the season and unranked nationally . Generally accepted as a disappointing year for the highly touted pre-season offense led by Zac Robinson who replaced Bobby Reid at the starting quarterback position early in the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3bf9d562133e4888aef04f9a8a3fa5", "text": "Super Bowl VII Super Bowl VII was an American football game between the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion Miami Dolphins and the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Washington Redskins to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 1972 season . The Dolphins defeated the Redskins by the score of 14 -- 7 , and became the first and still the only team in NFL history to complete a perfect undefeated season . They also remain the only Super Bowl team to be shut out in the second half and still win . The game was played on January 14 , 1973 , at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles , the second time the Super Bowl was played in that city . At kickoff the temperature was 84 F , making the game the warmest Super Bowl ever . This was the Dolphins ' second Super Bowl appearance after losing Super Bowl VI . They posted an undefeated 14 -- 0 regular season record before defeating the Cleveland Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers in the playoffs . The Redskins were making their first Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 3 regular season record and playoff victories over the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowboys . Despite being undefeated , the Dolphins were actually one point underdogs , largely based on the weakness of their regular season schedule . Super Bowl VII was largely dominated by the Dolphins , and remains the lowest-scoring Super Bowl to date with a total of only 21 points ( 3 touchdown and 3 extra points ) . The only drama was during the final minutes of the game , in what was later known as `` Garo 's Gaffe '' . Miami attempted to cap off their 17 -- 0 perfect season with a 17 -- 0 perfect score shutout with a 42-yard field goal by Garo Yepremian , but instead the game and the season was jeopardized when his kick was blocked . Instead of falling on the loose ball , the Dolphins kicker picked it up , attempted a forward pass , but batted it in the air , and Redskins ' cornerback Mike Bass ( who was Garo 's former teammate on the Detroit Lions years earlier ) caught it and returned it 49 yards for a touchdown . This game also remains as the longest period in a Super Bowl for one team to be shut out , as Washington was held scoreless until 2:07 remained in the fourth quarter.The previous Super Bowl with the longest period for being shut out was in 1969 , where the Jets held the Colts scoreless until 3:19 left in the game . Don Shula was head coach on the losing side that time , so he held the record for the longest period to be held under a shut out as well as the longest period to hold a shut out . Dolphins safety Jake Scott was named Most Valuable Player . He recorded two interceptions for 63 return yards , including a 55-yard return from the end zone during the 4th quarter . Scott became the second defensive player in Super Bowl history ( after linebacker Chuck Howley in Super Bowl V ) to earn a Super Bowl MVP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d647f071ca919de7521d1b9a6caf7d", "text": "Jim E. Mora James Ernest Mora ( born May 24 , 1935 ) is a former American football coach who was the head coach of the New Orleans Saints and Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League ( NFL ) . His tenure with the Saints spanned eleven seasons and he coached the Colts for four seasons . Mora also coached the Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars of the United States Football League ( USFL ) during its three years of existence and led the team to all three championship games , winning two . As an NFL head coach , he was known for turning the Saints and the Colts , two of its consistently losing franchises , into perennial postseason contenders . However , his reputation was affected by his lack of success in the NFL playoffs and impassioned postgame tirades and press conferences , including his oft-quoted `` Coulda , Woulda , Shoulda , '' `` You Will Never Know , '' `` Diddly Poo , '' and `` Playoffs ? '' rants . In contrast to his league titles in the USFL , Mora never won a postseason NFL game . He holds the NFL record for career regular-season wins ( 125 ) without a playoff victory . His son Jim L. Mora is a former NFL head coach and the current head coach at UCLA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c203c303eed4506ca7371e32dea2efae", "text": "1984 NFL season The 1984 NFL season was the 65th regular season of the National Football League . The Colts relocated from Baltimore , Maryland to Indianapolis , Indiana before the season . The Colts new home field was the Hoosier Dome . The New York Jets moved their home games from Shea Stadium in New York City to Giants Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey . The season ended with Super Bowl XIX when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38-16 at Stanford Stadium in California . This was the first Super Bowl televised by ABC , who entered into the annual championship game rotation with CBS and NBC . This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium ( Stanford , California ) and a Super Bowl team ( San Francisco 49ers ) . The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season ( including the post-season ) . Additionally , two major offensive records were set this season , with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 ( later broken by Drew Brees and Tom Brady in 2011 and by Peyton Manning in 2013 ) , and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season rushing yards record with 2,105 . Also during the season , San Diego Chargers wide receiver Charlie Joiner became the all-time leader in career receptions ; he set that mark in a game between the Chargers and the Pittsburgh Steelers at Pittsburgh 's Three Rivers Stadium . Salaries increased significantly over the past two seasons in the NFL , up nearly fifty percent ; quarterback Warren Moon led the list at $ 1.1 million .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1767e02fe5e264d455b6ba71aaa85d27
Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated someone.
[ { "docid": "a173380dd3e13014a3f174969f55810f", "text": "Lee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald ( October 18 , 1939 -- November 24 , 1963 ) was an American former U.S. Marine who was arrested for the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22 , 1963 . According to four federal government investigations and one municipal investigation , These were investigations by : the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( 1963 ) , the Warren Commission ( 1964 ) , the House Select Committee on Assassinations ( 1979 ) , the Secret Service , and the Dallas Police Department . Oswald shot and killed Kennedy as the President traveled by motorcade through Dealey Plaza in the city of Dallas , Texas . Oswald was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps and defected to the Soviet Union in October 1959 . He lived in the Belarusian city of Minsk until June 1962 , at which time he returned to the United States with Marina , his Russian-born wife , eventually settling in Dallas . Following Kennedy 's assassination , Oswald was initially arrested for the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit , who was killed on a Dallas street about 45 minutes after Kennedy was shot . Oswald was later charged with the murder of Kennedy . He denied shooting anybody , saying that he was a `` patsy '' . Two days later , while being transferred from the city jail to the county jail , Oswald was fatally shot by Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby in full view of television cameras broadcasting live . In September 1964 , the Warren Commission concluded that Oswald acted alone in assassinating Kennedy by firing three shots from the Texas School Book Depository . This conclusion was supported by previous investigations carried out by the FBI , the Secret Service , and the Dallas Police Department . Despite forensic , ballistic , and eyewitness evidence supporting the lone gunman theory , public opinion polls taken over the years have shown that most Americans believe that Oswald did not act alone , but conspired with others to kill the president . The assassination has spawned numerous conspiracy theories .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "72e7d54a15b95b1cdacf32c46f291c81", "text": "School attacks in China (2010–12) A series of uncoordinated mass stabbings , hammer attacks , and cleaver attacks in the People 's Republic of China began in March 2010 . The spate of attacks left at least 25 dead and some 115 injured . As most cases had no known motive , analysts have blamed mental health problems caused by rapid social change for the rise in these kinds of mass murder and murder-suicide incidents . As the Chenpeng school attack was followed by the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in the United States hours later comparisons were drawn between the two . The difference in gun control laws between the two countries was used to explain the disparity in casualties of the school attacks by journalists and politicians , including U.S. Representative Jerry Nadler , and an article in the Associated Press noted that despite the different outcomes , an underlying commonality between the attacks was the increased frequency of school attacks because , `` attackers often seek out the vulnerable , hoping to amplify their outrage before they themselves often commit suicide . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ad115a937a1e3a48563158748ea1eb", "text": "Anthony Lee (actor) Anthony Dwain Lee ( July 17 , 1961 -- October 28 , 2000 ) was an American stage , television and film actor . He began his career in the 1980s appearing in numerous stage productions and in guest roles on television and in films . He was a playwright and had several production workshops of his work in New City Theater in Seattle , Washington . While attending a Halloween party in October 2000 , Lee was fatally shot by a LAPD officer . Lee 's death and the circumstances surrounding it garnered significant national and international media attention .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebd3f968cf5b0aa3c00f3f7820225ccd", "text": "Assassination of Julius Caesar The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators . Led by Gaius Cassius Longinus , Decimus Junius Brutus , and Marcus Junius Brutus , they stabbed Julius Caesar to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March ( March 15 ) , 44 BC . Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time , having recently been declared dictator perpetuo by the Senate . This declaration made several senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favor of tyranny . The conspirators were unable to restore the Roman Republic . The ramifications of the assassination led to the Liberators ' civil war and , ultimately , to the Principate period of the Roman Empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38f6c6e89b1b726d6fc31de7ba413ca5", "text": "Gerd Oswald Gerd Oswald ( June 9 , 1919 -- May 22 , 1989 ) was a director of American films and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cedfdc8232092f843c5233a5e88bd45", "text": "University of Texas tower shooting On August 1 , 1966 , Charles Whitman , a former Marine sharpshooter , took rifles and other weapons to the observation deck atop the Main Building tower at The University of Texas at Austin , then opened fire on persons indiscriminately on the surrounding campus and streets . Over the next 96 minutes he shot and killed fifteen people including one unborn child and injured thirty-one others ; another victim died in hospital and the final victim died from the lingering effects of his wounds in 2001 , and his death was ruled a homicide . The incident ended when police reached Whitman and shot him dead . Before going to the campus Whitman had killed his mother and wife . It has been suggested that his violent impulses , with which he had been struggling for years , were due to a small tumor found in his brain on autopsy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e07ad861032ddd5fcf162017ec6ab0c", "text": "Pohl trial The Pohl trial against the Nazi German administration of the `` Final Solution '' ( also known as the WVHA Trial and officially The United States of America vs. Oswald Pohl , et al ) was the fourth of the twelve trials for war crimes that the United States authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II . The twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts , not before the International Military Tribunal , although both courts presided in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice . They are known collectively as the `` Subsequent Nuremberg Trials '' or more formally , as the `` Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals '' ( NMT ) . In the Pohl case , SS-Obergruppenführer Oswald Pohl and 17 other SS officers employed by the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office ( abbreviated in German as SS-WVHA ) , were tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the time of the Nazi regime . The main charge against them was their active involvement in and administration of the `` Final Solution '' . The WVHA was the Nazi government office that ran the concentration and extermination camps . It also handled the procurement for the Waffen SS and , as of 1942 , the administration of the SS-Totenkopfverbände . The judges in this case , heard before Military Tribunal II , were Robert M. Toms ( presiding judge ) , Fitzroy Donald Phillips , Michael A. Musmanno , and John J. Speight as an alternate judge . The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor ; James M. McHaney and Jack W. Robbins were the principal prosecutors . The indictment was presented on January 13 , 1947 ; the trial began on April 8 , and sentences were handed down on November 3 , 1947 . Four persons , including Oswald Pohl , were sentenced to death by hanging . Three were acquitted . The others received sentences of imprisonment between 10 years and lifetime . At the request of the judges , the court reconvened on July 14 , 1948 to consider additional material presented by the defense . On August 11 , 1948 , the tribunal issued its final sentences , confirming most of its earlier sentences , but slightly reducing some of the prison sentences and changing the death sentence of Georg Lörner into a sentence of life imprisonment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0432c1a093721a057a2051ff77b853", "text": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents . To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4aa451b5b68e4ac89d8daea4d23127c6", "text": "Gaston Means Gaston Bullock Means ( July 11 , 1879 -- December 12 , 1938 ) was an American private detective , salesman , bootlegger , forger , swindler , murder suspect , blackmailer , and con artist . While not involved in the Teapot Dome scandal , Means was associated with other members of the so-called Ohio Gang that gathered around the administration of President Warren G. Harding . Means also tried to pull a con associated with the Lindbergh kidnapping , and died in prison following his criminal conviction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1b544ecebecb00dbf7fa69bf3f25f27", "text": "On the Trail of the Assassins On the Trail of the Assassins is a 1988 book by Jim Garrison , detailing his role in indicting businessman Clay Shaw for conspiracy to kill U.S. President John F. Kennedy , therefore holding the only trial held for Kennedy 's murder . Garrison dedicated On the Trail of the Assassins to the following New Orleans district attorney 's staff who served in the 1960s : Frank Klein , Andrew `` Moo Moo '' Sciambra , James Alcock , Louis Ivon , D'Alton Williams , Alvin Oser , and Numa Bertel . He also cites the many others who aided him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6263f9cc0a57f59345bff8ab906a89c", "text": "11/22/63 11/22/63 is a novel by Stephen King about a time traveler who attempts to prevent the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on November 22 , 1963 ( the novel 's titular date ) . The novel was announced on King 's official site on March 2 , 2011 . A short excerpt was released online on June 1 , 2011 , and another excerpt was published in the October 28 , 2011 , issue of Entertainment Weekly . The novel was published on November 8 , 2011 and quickly became a number-one bestseller . It stayed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 16 weeks . 11/22/63 won the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Best Mystery/Thriller and the 2012 International Thriller Writers Award for Best Novel , and was nominated for the 2012 British Fantasy Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The novel required considerable research to accurately portray the late 1950s and early 1960s . King commented on the amount of research it required , saying `` I 've never tried to write anything like this before . It was really strange at first , like breaking in a new pair of shoes . '' The novel was adapted into a 2016 Hulu television series , 11.22.63 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265630748e24898ba8ba8d235fdbfd0f", "text": "Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center The Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center is a memorial to Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz located at 3940 Broadway and West 165th Street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City , the building which once housed the Audubon Ballroom , where Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21 , 1965 . It opened on May 19 , 2005 , the 80th anniversary of Malcolm X 's birth . The stated purpose of the center is to carry on the work of Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz `` through the advancement of human rights and social justice '' . The center is decorated with a 63-foot ( 19-meter ) mural depicting the life of Malcolm X and a life-size bronze statue of the human rights activist . It includes six interactive kiosks that provide information about the lives of Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz . The kiosks were developed by Columbia University 's Digital Knowledge Ventures and Professor Manning Marable of the university 's African American Studies department . The center also is home to documents related to Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c010d99502c8b9c499e324ec3e88a89c", "text": "Robert F. Kennedy's 1948 visit to Palestine Robert F. Kennedy visited the British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 , one month before Israel declared its independence . Twenty-two years old at the time , he was reporting on the tense situation in the region for The Boston Post . During his stay , he grew to admire the Jewish inhabitants of the area . He later became a strong supporter of Israel ; this was later cited as Sirhan Sirhan 's motivation for assassinating him on the first anniversary of the start of the Six-Day War on June 5 , 1968 . Sirhan happened to see a documentary about Kennedy in Palestine in 1948 . Later in his murder trial , Sirhan Sirhan testified : `` I hoped he will win Presidency until that moment . But when I saw , heard , he was supporting Israel , sir , not in 1968 , but he was supporting , it from all the way from its inception in 1948 , sir ... '' Author Robert Blair Kaiser points out a discrepancy in the timing of Sirhan 's decision . In Sirhan 's diary , the entry in which he decided to kill Robert Kennedy was made on May 18 . The documentary in question was first shown on TV in the Los Angeles area on May 20 . When asked to explain , Sirhan said that he did not recall writing the journal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b7c7458acd16b666b092a0804d6d7ef", "text": "Kurt Landau Kurt Landau ( January 29 , 1903 -- on or shortly after September 23 , 1937 ) was an Austrian communist , member of the International Left Opposition , author , and Trotskyist . He was murdered by agents of Stalin 's NKVD during the Spanish Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91e39250ee4a4c2e4c94f6ca34e3f9a5", "text": "Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy On June 5 , 1968 , presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was fatally shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles , shortly after winning the California presidential primaries in the 1968 election , and died the next day while hospitalized . After winning the California and South Dakota primary elections for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States , Kennedy was fatally shot while exiting through the hotel kitchen immediately after leaving the podium in the Ambassador Hotel and died in the Good Samaritan Hospital twenty-six hours later . Sirhan Sirhan , a 24-year-old Palestinian/Jordanian immigrant , was convicted of Kennedy 's murder and sentenced to death in 1969 , although his sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1972 . On November 22 , 2013 , Sirhan was transferred from Corcoran to the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County . The shooting was recorded on audio tape by a freelance newspaper reporter , and the aftermath was captured on film . Kennedy 's body lay in repose at St. Patrick 's Cathedral in New York for two days before a funeral Mass was held on June 8 . His body was interred near his brother John at Arlington National Cemetery . His death prompted the protection of presidential candidates by the United States Secret Service . Hubert Humphrey later went on to win the Democratic nomination for the presidency , but ultimately lost the election to Republican Richard Nixon . As with his brother John 's death , Kennedy 's assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned a variety of conspiracy theories . Kennedy and Huey Long ( in 1935 ) are the only two sitting United States Senators to be assassinated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcc034d6e3d3645e284f470cc7bda911", "text": "JFK and the Unspeakable JFK and the Unspeakable : Why He Died and Why It Matters is a book by theologian and Catholic Worker James W. Douglass ( Orbis Books , 2008 ; Touchstone Books , an imprint of Simon & Schuster , 2010 ) that analyzes the presidency of John F. Kennedy as well as the events surrounding the assassination of John F. Kennedy . The book is drawn from many sources , including the Warren Report . The book 's central thesis is that Kennedy was a cold warrior who turned to peace-making , and that as a result he was killed by his own security apparatus . Published by the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers , it received an award from the Catholic Press Association and coverage in the religious press ; sales shot up after Oliver Stone recommended the book , with it featuring in Amazon.com 's Top 100 for a week . The 2013 edition of the book was endorsed by Kennedy 's nephew Robert F. Kennedy , Jr. , who said it had moved him to visit Dealey Plaza for the first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f8da914aac487863a5b2c93bd57e598", "text": "H. Louis Nichols H. Louis Nichols ( 7 November 1916 - 25 April 2010 ) was an attorney who resided in Dallas , Texas . He is the only known attorney who visited Lee Harvey Oswald , while Oswald was in custody by the Dallas Police Department after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c200cd5554534b74ddc72869f441f6", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president . Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval . On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ddc028a7f64a1397afb336ed1305fd", "text": "Allan Grant Allan Grant ( October 23 , 1919 -- February 1 , 2008 ) was an American photojournalist for Life magazine . He had the last photo shoot with actress Marilyn Monroe and took the first photos of Marina Oswald , Lee Harvey Oswald 's wife , following U.S. President John F. Kennedy 's assassination .", "title": "" } ]
fever
cbbe4b04c539201d3871b9f541a5dd3c
Pixar started as part of an American film and television award show.
[ { "docid": "a1ea3924bae9152597f2a0bffc34c465", "text": "Pixar Pixar ( -LSB- ˈpɪksɑr -RSB- ) , also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios , is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville , California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company . Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group , part of the Lucasfilm computer division , before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986 , with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs , who became the majority shareholder . Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $ 7.4 billion , a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney 's largest single shareholder at the time . Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan , Pixar 's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface , used to generate high-quality images . Pixar has produced seventeen feature films , beginning with Toy Story ( 1995 ) , which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film , and its most recent being Finding Dory ( 2016 ) . All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an `` A − , '' indicating positive receptions with audiences . The studio has also produced several short films . , its feature films have earned approximately $ 10.8 billion at the box office worldwide , with an average worldwide gross of $ 634 million per film . Finding Dory , along with its predecessor Finding Nemo ( 2003 ) , as well as Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time , with the lattermost film being the third all-time highest-grossing animated film with a gross of $ 1.063 billion . Fourteen of Pixar 's films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time . The studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards , seven Golden Globe Awards , and eleven Grammy Awards , among many other awards and acknowledgments . Many of Pixar 's films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature since its inauguration in 2001 , with eight winning ; this includes Finding Nemo and Toy Story 3 , along with The Incredibles ( 2004 ) , Ratatouille ( 2007 ) , WALL-E ( 2008 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , Brave ( 2012 ) , and Inside Out ( 2015 ) . Monsters , Inc. ( 2001 ) and Cars ( 2006 ) are the only two films that were nominated for the award without winning it , while Cars 2 ( 2011 ) , Monsters University ( 2013 ) , The Good Dinosaur ( 2015 ) , and Finding Dory have not been nominated . Up and Toy Story 3 were also the respective second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture , the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios ' Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) . Luxo Jr. , a character from the studio 's 1986 short film of the same name , is the studio 's mascot . On September 6 , 2009 , Pixar executives John Lasseter , Brad Bird , Pete Docter , Andrew Stanton , and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the biennial Venice Film Festival . The award was presented by Lucasfilm 's founder George Lucas .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e5205aab3c0ab7824b64939249c8304", "text": "William Hanna William Denby `` Bill '' Hanna ( July 14 , 1910 -- March 22 , 2001 ) was an American animator , director , producer , voice actor , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century . After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression , Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 . During the 1930s , Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids . In 1937 , while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Hanna met Joseph Barbera . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , The Huckleberry Hound Show , The Jetsons , Scooby-Doo , The Smurfs , and Yogi Bear . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors . Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoons have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday , and have been translated into more than 28 languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae12dec699977fffdbf310bd1fd62a7", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award for Best Animated Motion Picture The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures is an award annually given since 2005 . Of all the 12 films awarded , 8 have gone on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a2079b0b44e245effbe1b6f948c6ba", "text": "Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . '' The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements . Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues . Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79ee45ed83325535b3b268bfa98cfef7", "text": "Eisner Award The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards , commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards , are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books , sometimes referred to as the Comics Industry 's equivalent of the Oscar Awards . They are named in honor of the pioneering writer and artist Will Eisner , who was a regular participant in the award ceremony until his death in 2005 . The Eisner Awards include the Comic Industry 's Hall of Fame . The nominations in each category are generated by a five-member panel , then voted on by comic book professionals and presented at the annual San Diego Comic-Con International convention held in July , usually on a Friday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be573606620c01e713e380c82d61936", "text": "Origins Award The Origins Awards are American awards for outstanding work in the game industry . They are presented by the Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts and Design at the Origins Game Fair on an annual basis for the previous year , so ( for example ) the 1979 awards were given at the 1980 Origins . The Origins Award is commonly referred to as a Calliope , as the statuette is in the likeness of the muse of the same name . Academy members frequently shorten this name to `` Callie . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fed5ac5c00d5d7423e832e03977d525c", "text": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects The Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association . It was first given out in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" } ]
fever
44bae19b41c10f6e601bb83f2f874dbb
Little Boy was dropped by a plane piloted by a Colonel.
[ { "docid": "aa952fc53912378145a6647d742fbf8c", "text": "Little Boy `` Little Boy '' was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay , piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets , Jr. , commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces . It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare . The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history , after the Trinity test , and the first uranium-based detonation . It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 ktonTNT . The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants . Little Boy was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch 's group of Captain William S. Parsons 's Ordnance ( O ) Division at the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II . Parsons flew on the Hiroshima mission as weaponeer . The Little Boy was a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb . Like Thin Man , it was a gun-type fission weapon , but derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium-235 . This was accomplished by shooting a hollow cylinder of enriched uranium ( the `` bullet '' ) onto a solid cylinder of the same material ( the `` target '' ) by means of a charge of nitrocellulose propellant powder . It contained 64 kg of enriched uranium , of which less than a kilogram underwent nuclear fission . Its components were fabricated at three different plants so that no one would have a copy of the complete design . After the war ended , it was not expected that the inefficient Little Boy design would ever again be required , and many plans and diagrams were destroyed , but by mid-1946 the Hanford Site reactors were suffering badly from the Wigner effect , so six Little Boy assemblies were produced at Sandia Base . The Navy Bureau of Ordnance built another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft ( which could be launched from but not land on the Midway-class aircraft carriers ) . All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6be9840d5029c2279e4115bad2c1fdb1", "text": "2007 Blue Angels South Carolina crash The 2007 Blue Angels South Carolina crash occurred on April 21 , 2007 , when the Number 6 US Navy Blue Angels jet crashed during the final minutes of an air show at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort in Beaufort , South Carolina . The sole fatality was confirmed and identified as the pilot , Lieutenant Commander Kevin `` Kojak '' Davis , by the Blue Angels on April 22 , 2007 . The body of the pilot and the flight recorder were later recovered and moved to the local coroner 's office . There were eight injuries reported on the ground . A report was released on January 15 , 2008 , ending the investigation by the Navy into the crash . The report states that when Lieutenant Commander Davis pulled back into a 6.8-g pull , he lost control of the aircraft due to G-force-induced Loss Of Consciousness ( G-LOC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add0200911277a7c6b621805617e9bed", "text": "United States Air Force Academy The United States Air Force Academy ( also known as USAFA , the Air Force Academy , or the Academy ) , is a military academy for officer cadets of the United States Air Force . Its campus is located in the western United States in Colorado , immediately north of Colorado Springs in El Paso County . The Academy 's stated mission is `` to educate , train , and inspire men and women to become leaders of character , motivated to lead the United States Air Force in service to our nation . '' It is the youngest of the five U.S. service academies , having graduated its first class in 1959 . Graduates of the Academy 's four-year program receive a Bachelor of Science degree , and are commissioned as second lieutenants in the U.S. Air Force . The Academy is also one of the largest tourist attractions in Colorado , attracting approximately a million visitors each year . Admission is extremely competitive , with nominations divided equally among Congressional districts . Recent incoming classes have had about 1,200 cadets ; historically , just under 1,000 of those will graduate . Tuition along with room and board are all paid for by the Air Force . Cadets receive a monthly stipend , but incur a commitment to serve a number of years of military service after graduation . The program at the Academy is guided by the Air Force 's core values of `` Integrity First , Service Before Self , and Excellence in All We Do '' , and based on four `` pillars of excellence '' : military training , academics , athletics and character development . In addition to a rigorous military training regimen , cadets also take a broad academic course load with an extensive core curriculum in engineering , humanities , social sciences , basic sciences , military studies and physical education . All cadets participate in either intercollegiate or intramural athletics , and a thorough character development and leadership curriculum provides cadets a basis for future officership . Each of the components of the program is intended to give cadets the skills and knowledge that they will need for success as officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d592faf10d6e203da34e0545ba7ed3", "text": "Electronic flight bag An electronic flight bag ( EFB ) is an electronic information management device that helps flight crews perform flight management tasks more easily and efficiently with less paper . It is a general purpose computing platform intended to reduce , or replace , paper-based reference material often found in the pilot 's carry-on flight bag , including the aircraft operating manual , flight-crew operating manual , and navigational charts ( including moving map for air and ground operations ) . In addition , the EFB can host purpose-built software applications to automate other functions normally conducted by hand , such as performance take-off calculations . The EFB gets its name from the traditional pilot 's flight bag , which is typically a heavy ( up to 40 lb/18 kg or more ) documents bag that pilots carry to the cockpit . The electronic flight bag is the replacement of those documents in a digital format . EFB weights are typically 1 to 5 pounds ( 0.5 to 2.2 kg ) , about the same as a laptop computer , and a fraction of the weight and volume of the paper publications . There are numerous benefits for using an EFB but specific benefits vary depending on the size of the operation , type of applications used , the existing content management and distribution system , the type of applications deployed . Some common benefits include : weight savings by replacing the traditional flight bag , reduced medical claims from handling traditional flight bags , reduced cost , and increased efficiency by reducing or eliminating paper processes . There are also claims of increased safety and reducing pilot workload . According to the FAA 's Advisory Circular ( AC No. 120-76C ) , an Electronic Flight Bag is an electronic display system intended primarily for cockpit/flightdeck or cabin use . There are also militarized variants , with secure data storage , night vision goggle compatible lighting , environmental hardening , and military specific applications and data . EFB devices can display a variety of aviation data or perform basic calculations ( including performance data and fuel calculations . ) . In the past , some of these functions were traditionally accomplished using paper references or were based on data provided to the flight crew by an airline 's `` flight dispatch '' crew . For large and turbine aircraft , FAR 91.503 requires the presence of navigational charts on the airplane . If an operator 's sole source of navigational chart information is contained on an EFB , the operator must demonstrate the EFB will continue to operate throughout a decompression event , and thereafter , regardless of altitude . The only way to achieve this capability is by using a solid state disk drive or a standard rotating mass drive in a sealed enclosure . The electronic flight bag market is estimated at $ 2.28 billion in 2015 and is expected to register a CAGR of 13.41 % to reach $ 4.27 billion by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5838331922198998b0dde756d9bbb6c", "text": "Piedmont Airlines Flight 349 On October 30 , 1959 , Piedmont Airlines Flight 349 , a Douglas DC-3 , crashed on Bucks Elbow Mountain near Crozet , Virginia , killing the crew of three and all but one of its twenty-four passengers . The sole survivor , Ernest P. `` Phil '' Bradley , was seriously injured and lay on the ground near the wreckage , still strapped in his seat . The subsequent investigation determined the cause of the accident to be : `` A navigational omission which resulted in a lateral course error that was not detected and corrected through precision instrument flying procedures . A contributing factor to the accident may have been pre-occupation of the captain resulting from mental stress . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f222527d5807839374b0a784376c240", "text": "Quentin Roosevelt Quentin Roosevelt ( November 19 , 1897 -- July 14 , 1918 ) was the youngest son of President Theodore Roosevelt and First Lady Edith Roosevelt . Family and friends agreed that Quentin had many of his father 's positive qualities and few of the negative ones . Inspired by his father and siblings , he joined the United States Army Air Service where he became a pursuit pilot during World War I. Extremely popular with his fellow pilots and known for being daring , he was killed in aerial combat over France on Bastille Day ( July 14 ) , 1918 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48e34269b29b304c9c7788b14e6d2e8e", "text": "Heavy (aeronautics) The term heavy is used , with exceptions noted below , during all radio transmissions between air traffic control and any aircraft which has been assigned a maximum takeoff weight ( MTOW ) rating of 136 t or more . Aircraft with a MTOW rating between 7 t and 136 t are considered medium and aircraft with a MTOW rating less than 7 t are considered light . In the US , the FAA uses a slightly different categorization . Aircraft capable of maximum takeoff weights more than 41000 lb and less than 300000 lb are considered large . Such `` heavy '' aircraft over 136 t create wake turbulence from the wings . The term is mostly used around airports during take off and landing , incorporated into their call sign so as to warn other aircraft that they need extra distance to avoid this wake turbulence . All wide-body aircraft are classified as heavy , with the exception of the Airbus A300B1 ( MTOW of 291000 lb , only two built and retired in 1990 ) , the Airbus A380 , and the Antonov An-225 , which are classified in the even larger category of super . Certain variants of the narrow-bodied Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 were considered `` heavy '' based on MTOW . Of special note here is the narrow-bodied Boeing 757 . Under current guidance , the 757 is considered large , as it has a maximum MTOW of 116000 kg . After a number of accidents where smaller aircraft following closely behind a 757 crashed , however , the rules were changed so that controllers are required to apply the special wake turbulence separation criteria specified in paragraph 5-5-4 in the FAA guidelines for aircraft separation , as though the 757 were heavy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "850cb3bab6d9ec5b9fb880d4cac46d66", "text": "1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash The 1961 Goldsboro B-52 Crash was an accident that occurred in Goldsboro , North Carolina , on January 24 , 1961 . A B-52 Stratofortress carrying two 3-4 megaton Mark 39 nuclear bombs broke up in mid-air , dropping its nuclear payload in the process . The pilot in command ordered the crew to eject at 9000 ft. Five men successfully ejected or bailed out of the aircraft and landed safely . Another ejected but did not survive the landing , and two died in the crash . Information newly declassified in 2013 showed that one of the bombs came very close to detonating .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3be29404c478b8b72b5d7206ed451fe3", "text": "Paul W. Beck Paul Ward Beck ( 1 December 18764 April 1922 ) was an officer in the United States Army , an aviation pioneer , and one of the first military pilots . Although a career Infantry officer , Beck twice was part of the first aviation services of the U.S. Army , as de facto head of the flying section of the Aeronautical Division , U.S. Signal Corps in 1911 and as a senior officer of the Air Service in 19201922 . He is generally credited as being the first military officer to advocate an air force for the United States separate from the control of other branches of the Army . The son of a cavalry officer , Beck developed an interest in aviation while detached to service with the U.S. Army Signal Corps at Benicia , California , in 19081910 , attending several air meets . He was one of four students in the first class of U.S. Army and U.S. Navy pilot trainees taught by Glen Curtiss beginning January 1911 , and commanded the `` provisional aero company '' at Fort Sam Houston , Texas . On 1 May 1912 , he returned to the Infantry in compliance with an army regulation . Following service as a field grade infantry officer in World War I , Beck returned to aviation as part of the Air Service in 1920 . He was assigned as commandant of the Air Service Observation School and assistant post commander of Post Field at Fort Sill , Oklahoma . He was killed by a gunshot to the head during an evening with friends . The shooting was a disputed mystery , with friends , colleagues , the county attorney and an Army investigating board suspecting that Beck was murdered for being caught in flagrante delicto with the wife of a friend , possibly with premeditation by an alreadysuspicious husband . However the shooter , a wellknown former judge on the Oklahoma Supreme Court , contended that the shooting was an accident during an act of selfdefense after Beck had allegedly tried to sexually assault the shooter 's wife in their home . The judge was exonerated by a coroner 's jury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ef981c47c805753bde50fda00c2014f", "text": "Fitzroy Newsum Fitzroy `` Buck '' Newsum ( May 22 , 1918 -- January 5 , 2013 ) was an American Retired Colonel , military pilot who was one of the original members of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II . He reached the rank of colonel before retiring in 1970 . `` Buck '' Newsum was born on the Upper West Side of Manhattan , New York City , on May 22 , 1918 . He was raised on the island of Trinidad ( in present-day Trinidad and Tobago ) , where he saw his first airplane , a Curtiss Robin , land near his home in 1929 when he was 10 years old . He graduated from the College of Military Science at the University of Maryland . He joined the New York National Guard in 1939 He was second lieutenant in the Anti-Aircraft Coast Artillery Corps in 1941 and was sent to Hawaii , where he commanded an anti-aircraft missile group on the islands , following the attack on Pearl Harbor . During World War II , President Franklin D. Roosevelt arranged for thirty-three African American servicemen to take an entrance exam for the Army Air Corps . Newsum was one of just thirteen men to pass the test . After passing , he chose to attend the Tuskegee Army Air Field 's flight school rather than the Officer Candidate School that the other twelve men enrolled in . Newsum would pilot the P-47 Thunderbolt warplane during the war . He later obtained a master 's degree in public administration from the University of Oklahoma . He reached the rank of colonel before retiring in 1970 . Newsum worked as a public relations manager at Martin Marietta in Denver , Colorado , after leaving the military . Newsum was one of the surviving members of the Tuskegee Airmen who received a Congressional Gold Medal from President George W. Bush in 2007 . he had previously been inducted into the Colorado Aviation Hall of Fame in 1991 . Newsum died in Denver , Colorado , on January 5 , 2013 , at the age of 95 . He was buried at Fort Logan National Cemetery with full military honors . Newsum was survived by his wife of sixty-six years , Joan Carney Newsum , four children and four grandchildren . U.S. Senator Mark Udall also paid tribute to Newsum following his death , noting that he proudly served as the U.S. military despite the segregation of the era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9506b4300835b0ca22114e97fdb01c7b", "text": "Bud Mahurin Colonel Walker Melville `` Bud '' Mahurin ( December 5 , 1918 -- May 11 , 2010 ) was a United States Air Force ( USAF ) officer and aviator . During World War II , while serving in the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) , he became a noted flying ace . Mahurin was the first American pilot to become a double ace in the European Theater . He was the only United States Air Force pilot to shoot down enemy planes in both the European and Pacific Theaters and the Korean War . During World War II he was credited with 20.75 aerial victories , making him the sixth-highest American P-47 ace . He was credited with shooting down 3.5 MiG-15s in Korea , giving him a total of 23.25 aircraft destroyed in aerial combat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8d75b8cc000df75f05cd1a0e52467e5", "text": "Squadron leader Squadron leader ( Sqn Ldr in the RAF and PAF ; SQNLDR in the RAAF and RNZAF ; formerly sometimes S/L in all services ) is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence . It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure . An air force squadron leader ranks above flight lieutenant and immediately below wing commander and it is the most junior of the senior officer ranks . The air force rank of squadron leader has a NATO ranking code of OF-3 , equivalent to a lieutenant-commander in the Royal Navy or a major in the British Army or the Royal Marines . The equivalent rank in the Women 's Auxiliary Air Force , Women 's Royal Air Force ( until 1968 ) and Princess Mary 's Royal Air Force Nursing Service ( until 1980 ) was `` squadron officer '' . Squadron leader has also been used as a cavalry command appointment ( UK ) and rank ( France ) since at least the nineteenth century . In Argentina it is used as a command appointment by both the army 's cavalry and by the air force 's flying units . The cavalry rank of squadron leader in France is also an OF-4 equivalent to a major , and the cavalry appointment of squadron leader in the UK generally corresponds to this rank as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccc99bf1ff43afbb5baf69aed508070", "text": "1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident On 6 June 1982 , during the Falklands War , the British Royal Navy Type 42 destroyer engaged and destroyed a British Army Gazelle helicopter , serial number XX377 , in a friendly fire incident , killing all four occupants . Cardiff , on the lookout for aircraft flying supplies to the Argentine forces occupying the Falkland Islands , had misidentified the helicopter as an enemy C-130 Hercules . Although the helicopter 's loss was initially blamed on enemy action , a subsequent inquiry found Cardiffs missile to be the cause . On the night of 5 June , HMS Cardiff was stationed to the east of the islands to provide gunfire support to the land forces and intercept enemy aircraft . At around 02:00 a radar contact was detected ; a British Army Air Corps Gazelle helicopter was making a routine delivery of personnel and equipment to a radio rebroadcast station on East Falkland . From the contact 's speed and course , Cardiffs operations room crew assumed it to be hostile . One Sea Dart missile was fired , destroying the target . The Gazelle 's wreckage and crew were discovered the next morning , and the loss was attributed to enemy fire . Although Cardiff was suspected , later scientific tests on the wreckage proved inconclusive . No formal inquiry was held until four years later . Defending their claim that the helicopter had been lost in action , the United Kingdom 's Ministry of Defence ( MoD ) stated that they had not wanted to `` cause further anguish to relatives '' while they were still trying to ascertain how the Gazelle had been shot down . The board of inquiry finally confirmed that the soldiers fell due to friendly fire . It recommended that `` neither negligence nor blame should be attributed to any individual '' , but identified several factors . A lack of communication between the army and the navy meant that 5th Infantry Brigade had not notified anyone of the helicopter 's flight . The navy had not informed the land forces that Cardiff had changed position to set up an ambush for Argentine aircraft travelling over the area . The helicopter 's identification friend or foe ( IFF ) transmitter was turned off , because it caused interference with the army 's Rapier anti-aircraft missile system . The board of inquiry 's findings prompted criticism of the MoD 's initial response to the incident .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8f20bf7e159bd3b888ce2841f199c5", "text": "Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1 , 1932 , Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. , 20-month old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh , was abducted from his home in Highfields , New Jersey . On May 12 , his body was discovered nearby . In September 1934 , Richard Hauptmann was arrested and , after a trial lasting from January 2 to February 13 , 1935 , found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced to death . He was executed by electric chair at the New Jersey State Prison on April 3 , 1936 . He protested his innocence to the end . Newspaper writer H. L. Mencken called the kidnapping and trial `` the biggest story since the Resurrection . '' Legal scholars have referred to the trial as one of the `` trials of the century '' . The crime spurred Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act , commonly called the `` Lindbergh Law , '' which made transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ab5f7e2ee007e767693d0bb20173a8", "text": "Henry H. Arnold Henry Harley `` Hap '' Arnold ( June 25 , 1886 -- January 15 , 1950 ) was an American general officer holding the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force . Arnold was an aviation pioneer , Chief of the Air Corps ( 1938 -- 1941 ) , Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces , the only U.S. Air Force general to hold five-star rank , and the only officer to hold a five-star rank in two different U.S. military services . Arnold was also the founder of Project RAND , which evolved into one of the world 's largest non-profit global policy think tanks , the RAND Corporation , and one of the founders of Pan American World Airways . Instructed in flying by the Wright Brothers , Arnold was one of the first military pilots worldwide , and one of the first three rated pilots in the history of the United States Air Force.Arnold , Capt. Charles DeF . Chandler , and Lt. Thomas Milling all qualified for the rating on July 5 , 1912 . Milling received the first certificate while Arnold was listed first on War Department General Order No. 39 , which was the first list of rated Military Aviators . He overcame a fear of flying that resulted from his experiences with early flight , supervised the expansion of the Air Service during World War I , and became a protégé of Gen. Billy Mitchell . Arnold rose to command the Army Air Forces immediately prior to American entry into World War II and directed its hundred-fold expansion from an organization of little more than 20,000 men and 800 first-line combat aircraft into the largest and most powerful air force in the world . An advocate of technological research and development , his tenure saw the development of the intercontinental bomber , the jet fighter , the extensive use of radar , global airlift and atomic warfare as mainstays of modern air power . Arnold 's most widely used nickname , `` Hap , '' was short for `` Happy , '' attributed variously to work associates when he moonlighting as a silent film stunt pilot in October 1911 , or to his wife , who began using the nickname in her correspondence in 1931 following the death of Arnold 's mother . He was called Harley by his family during his youth , and `` Sunny '' by both his mother and wife . Arnold was known to his West Point classmates as `` Pewt '' or `` Benny '' . By his immediate subordinates and headquarters staff he was referred to as `` The Chief . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09efe2fda573468002ec65d0b81861fb", "text": "Complex airplane A complex airplane is defined by the United States , Federal Aviation Administration as an aircraft that has all of the following : A retractable landing gear ( land aircraft only ; a seaplane is not required to have this ) A controllable-pitch propeller ( which includes constant-speed propellers ) Movable or adjustable flaps . In the U.S. , students generally train for their first pilot certificate in an aircraft with fixed landing gear and a fixed-pitch propeller . It may or may not be equipped with flaps . Before or after earning the private pilot certificate ( PPL ) ( usually after ) , a pilot can be trained in complex aircraft operation by a flight instructor . When the pilot has demonstrated proficiency in complex aircraft , the flight instructor endorses the pilot 's logbook and the pilot is said to have a `` complex endorsement '' . The FAA requires a pilot to have experience in , and take at least part of the practical test in , a complex airplane in order to earn the commercial pilot certificate ( CPL ) and the flight instructor certificate ( CFI ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ace4b873dd7007eb79ec15c9ce058436", "text": "2011 United Nations Bombardier CRJ-100 crash On 4 April 2011 , a Georgian Airways Canadair Regional Jet ( CRJ 100 ER ) , registration 4L-GAE , using call sign `` UNO 834 '' , operating a domestic flight from Kisangani to Kinshasa for United Nation 's Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo , crashed during Go Around at Kinshasa Airport , at 12:56:52 UTC . At the time of the accident , Kinshasa airfield was experiencing a severe thunderstorm . The aircraft impacted the ground 170 m to the left and abeam the displaced threshold of Runway 24in about a 10 degrees nose down attitude . At the time of impact , aircraft ‟ s heading was 220 degrees and its speed was 180 knot . Following the impact , the aircraft skipped , started breaking up , skidded along the ground and rolled inverted before coming to a halt . During this process , parts of the aircraft including undercarriage , engines , wings and tail section sheared off . There were 32 fatalities , with the sole survivor a Congolese journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97b6b24e85878f4f8bf330e64e6aa54f", "text": "2010 IAF Sikorsky CH-53 crash The 2010 Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 crash refers to an aviation accident which occurred on 26 July 2010 , when an Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion Yas ` ur helicopter crashed during a training flight in the Carpathian mountains , near the city of Brasov in Romania . The accident took place during a joint Romanian-Israeli aviation military exercise code-named `` Blue Sky 2010 '' . All on board the aircraft died : four Israeli pilots , two Israeli mechanics , and one Romanian liaison officer . The Romanian authorities sent police and security forces into the mountain the morning after the accident . In addition , Israel sent a large team to assist in the rescue operation . After an extensive search in the crash site , on 27 July 2010 , the bodies were eventually found . An investigation into the incident concluded that the crash was most likely due to human error .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47cefe750c6d9e52ce84c07634a2a547", "text": "Beechcraft Model 18 The Beechcraft Model 18 ( or `` Twin Beech '' , as it is also known ) is a 6 - to 11-seat , twin-engined , low-wing , tailwheel light aircraft manufactured by the Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wichita , Kansas . Continuously produced from 1937 to November 1969 ( over 32 years , a world record at the time ) , over 9,000 were produced , making it one of the world 's most widely used light aircraft . Sold worldwide as a civilian executive , utility , cargo aircraft , and passenger airliner on tailwheels , nosewheels , skis or floats , it was also used as a military aircraft . During and after World War II , over 4,500 Beech 18s saw military service -- as light transport , light bomber ( for China ) , aircrew trainer ( for bombing , navigation and gunnery ) , photo-reconnaisance , and `` mother ship '' for target drones -- including United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) C-45 Expeditor , AT-7 Navigator , AT-11 Kansan ; and United States Navy ( USN ) UC-45J Navigator , SNB-1 Kansan , and others . In World War II , over 90 % of USAAF bombardiers and navigators trained in these aircraft . In the early postwar era , the Beech 18 was the pre-eminent `` business aircraft '' and `` feeder airliner . '' Besides carrying passengers , its civilian uses have included aerial spraying , sterile insect release , fish seeding , dry ice cloud seeding , aerial firefighting , air mail delivery , ambulance service , numerous movie productions , skydiving , freight , weapon - and drug-smuggling , engine testbed , skywriting , banner towing , and stunt aircraft . Many are now privately owned , around the world , with over 300 in the U.S. still on the FAA Aircraft Registry in December 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1e6510e4b3dd7ae027f5071dcfef94f", "text": "The Presidential Agent series The Presidential Agent series was written by military author , W. E. B. Griffin . The series consists so far of eight novels , By Order of the President , The Hostage , The Hunters , The Shooters , Black Ops , The Outlaws , Covert Warriors , and Hazardous Duty . Like the rest of his novels , Griffin uses military time , along with the address of the place , and the chapter titles are never started on a separate page . The series is the author 's latest . The main character , Carlos Guillermo Castillo , first appears as an Army major and is later promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel . Carlos is also known as Karl Wilhelm von und zu Gossinger . The reason for the double name stems from his parentage . His father , U.S. Army Warrant Officer Junior Grade Jorge Alejandro Castillo , had a one-night stand with his mother . His mother , Erika von und zu Gossinger , never saw Jorge again as he died shortly thereafter , flying `` his fifty-second rescue mission , picking up downed chopper crews , when he was hit and his Huey blew up . '' Jorge Castillo was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . This allows Carlos to be admitted to West Point , which begins his Army career . Erika raised Karl Wilhelm with the help of her father and brother , in das Haus im Wald ( the House in the Woods ) until they both died in an automobile accident on the Autobahn , leaving her to raise the boy alone . When Karl Wilhelm is the age of 12 his mother contracts fatal pancreatic cancer . She enlists the help of the then Major Naylor , who is stationed in Germany and was friends with her father , to find the boy 's father . Naylor does some research into the father and finds out that not only is he dead but he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . He flies to San Antonio and shows Karl 's paternal grandmother , Doña Alicia Castillo a photograph of Karl . Upon seeing the photo she says that the boy has `` Jorge 's eyes '' and immediately goes to Germany . Doña Alicia says that she and her husband , Don Juan Fernando Castillo , will take care of Karl when Erika herself dies of cancer . Karl is 12 and an orphan , but he goes from one rich , but loving , home to another and will gain a cousin , Fernando Lopez , who will become like a brother to him . Castillo , known to his friends as Charley , admits to being confused about who he is at times . There is good reason for this . Not only do his family members leave him a proud legacy of elite Texican/Germanic heritage , they also give him a grounding in English , Spanish , German , Russian , Hungarian and a couple of others . He is an Army aviator , holds credentials for the Secret Service and an Executive Assistant to the Secretary of Homeland Security . Because of his interesting background , Castillo comes to the attention of the President , who decides to use him as a single-source information funnel for intelligence matters , `` to serve as sort of a check on the investigations of the various agencies involved ... What I 'd like to know is what did they know and when did they know it ? '' The series has become one of Griffin 's most popular . Griffin 's son , William E. Butterworth , is listed on Griffin 's website as co-authoring `` The Outlaws '' , `` Covert Warriors '' , and `` Hazardous Duty '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07edcd96b1e0a031075e5b3a976de550", "text": "Boyd Wagner Lieutenant Colonel Boyd David `` Buzz '' Wagner ( October 26 , 1916 -- November 29 , 1942 ) was an American aviator and the first United States Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) fighter ace of World War II .", "title": "" } ]
fever
26c4501986e4272ad945d33ce1ece6af
Mission: Impossible 6 is a movie.
[ { "docid": "9ba78e325df2c3ce7e67af6e7c741cb8", "text": "Mission: Impossible 6 Mission : Impossible 6 is an upcoming American action spy film written , co-produced and directed by Christopher McQuarrie , and produced by J. J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Tom Cruise , David Ellison , Dana Goldberg , and Don Granger . It is the sixth installment in the Mission : Impossible film series . The film stars Cruise , Rebecca Ferguson , Ving Rhames , Simon Pegg , Alec Baldwin and Sean Harris all reprising their roles from previous films , with Henry Cavill , Vanessa Kirby and Sian Brooke joining the franchise . The film will be released on July 27 , 2018 by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "defc42bdb0ecbd43cac9b0dea624d1a6", "text": "Bunker 6 Bunker 6 is a Canadian psychological thriller film set in an alternate timeline in which a nuclear holocaust takes place during the Cuban Missile Crisis . Most of the film 's action is set a decade later , inside a very large fallout shelter , in which a group of survivors are faced with the dilemma of continuing life in the shelter or facing the uncertainty of life in a world contaminated by radiation . Theatrically released , the film was also destined for television and `` direct-to-video '' release . Directed by Canadian writer and director Greg Jackson , in his first feature film , it stars Andrea Lee Norwood and Molly Dunsworth . The supporting cast includes Jim Fowler , Glen Matthews and Shelley Thompson . The film was shot in an actual fallout shelter in Nova Scotia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14518a34e0d980737bdd8ac9dbeefc76", "text": "Outpost 37 Outpost 37 ( also known as Alien Outpost ) is a 2014 science fiction action thriller film . The film follows a documentary crew sent to record the daily lives of the soldiers of Outpost 37 , 12 years after the initial alien invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccc5248ffaa072455ead7a9c06fe6bb2", "text": "Operation Mass Appeal Operation Mass Appeal was an operation set up by the British Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) in the runup to the 2003 invasion of Iraq . It was a campaign aimed at planting stories in the media about Iraq 's alleged weapons of mass destruction . The existence of the operation was exposed in December 2003 , although officials denied that the operation was deliberately disseminating misinformation . The MI6 operation secretly incorporated the United Nations Special Commission investigating Iraq 's alleged stockpiles of Weapons of Mass Destruction ( WMD ) into its propaganda efforts by recruiting UN weapons inspector and former MI6 collaborator Scott Ritter to provide copies of UN documents and reports on their findings to MI6 . Former UN arms inspector Scott Ritter revealed in his book , Iraq Confidential ( 2005 ) , the existence of an MI6-run psychological warfare effort , known as Operation Mass Appeal . According to Ritter : `` Mass Appeal served as a focal point for passing MI6 intelligence on Iraq to the media , both in the UK and around the world . The goal was to help shape public opinion about Iraq and the threat posed by WMD . '' MI6 propaganda specialists claimed they could spread the misinformation through `` editors and writers who work with us from time to time '' . Ritter , in an interview with Amy Goodman of the US news website Democracy Now ! , described how he , as an arms inspector for the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq Weapons of Mass Destruction -- and UNSCOM itself -- became deeply involved in MI6 's `` Operation Mass Appeal '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4447f737ba4387b5527c073c2dbfd45", "text": "Die Hardest (film)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4e1ed6a2bdf8acabed14ac729cad65b", "text": "Luther Stickell Luther Stickell is a fictional supporting character in the Mission : Impossible film series who first appeared in Mission : Impossible in 1996 and is the only character besides Ethan Hunt to appear in all five films . In the films , Luther is an expert computer hacker who works for the IMF ( Impossible Missions Force ) division of the CIA alongside Ethan Hunt . He has been portrayed in all five movies and in the 2003 video game Mission : Impossible -- Operation Surma by Ving Rhames .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564b96835b177ace924b7325f855517b", "text": "You're in the Movies is a party game for the Xbox 360 that is bundled with the Xbox Live Vision Camera , developed by Zoë Mode . It was released by Codemasters in the United States and the United Kingdom in 2008 , and in Australia and Japan in 2009 . The game is a process of filming a movie on one of the 30 scenarios that can involve up to four people . Actions include the application of make-up , jogging in place , driving a car and playing volleyball . Previous video can be stored on the console , as well as to send to friends via e-mail . The game was first previewed at Microsoft 's Press Conference at E3 2008 in July 2008 . It was later shown at the Games Convention one month later . -LCB- The game has met with mixed reviews , receiving criticism for the Xbox Live Vision Camera bundled with the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0718a49b09f0321646c97555522ca3a", "text": "Manticore (film) Manticore is an American Sci-Fi original movie that aired on the Sci-Fi Channel on November 26 , 2005 . It was directed by Tripp Reed and featured Heather Donahue , Chase Masterson and Robert Beltran . It is about a squad of United States Army soldiers in Iraq that must fight against a resurrected , nearly unstoppable manticore awoken from its slumber by an Iraqi insurgent leader .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db02ed3acf07a515085d94d3b38b69a0", "text": "6th Genie Awards The 6th Genie Awards were held on March 21 , 1985 , to honour achievements in Canadian cinema in 1984 . It was the first time the Genies were broadcast live across Canada by CBC Television , and they drew 1.9 million viewers . The event , held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre , was cohosted by Al Waxman and Kerrie Keane . Only four films were nominated for Best Motion Picture this year ; two additional films had tied in the voting for the fifth spot , and the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television opted to nominate only four films rather than extending the category to six nominees . However , similar ties in a few other categories did result in six nominees being named .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdb581b86afde97cb9c085eae9a78035", "text": "Mega Man X6 Mega Man X6 , known as in Japan , is a video game developed and published by Capcom . It is the sixth main entry in the Mega Man X series . The game was first released on the PlayStation in Japan on November 29 , 2001 and was later made available in both North America and Europe . The plot of Mega Man X6 takes place during the 22nd century where humans and intelligent robots called `` Reploids '' live together . The game follows shortly after the events of Mega Man X5 in which planet Earth was devastated by an attack by the `` Maverick '' leader Sigma and the protagonist Zero sacrificed his own life to save it . As the world recovers , a Maverick known only as the `` Zero Nightmare '' has begun spreading chaos . Zero 's comrade Mega Man X , curious of its name , seeks out this new threat . Like past games in the series , Mega Man X6 is an action-platformer in which the player tackles a series of stages and adds the unique weapon of each boss to X 's arsenal . Prominent series artist and producer Keiji Inafune was not involved in the game 's production , as he had intended the fifth installment in the series to be the last with Zero 's death . Critically , Mega Man X6 has received mixed to positive reviews . The game was released for the Windows in different parts of Asia in 2002 and 2003 . It was also re-released in 2006 as part of the North American Mega Man X Collection for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 . Mega Man X6 was made available on the PlayStation Network as part of the PSOne Classics line on July 8 , 2015 in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d49a128a07a8c4ed7b5bda0a6fcd21d", "text": "Masters of the Universe: The Movie Masters of the Universe : The Movie is an action-adventure game developed by Gremlin Graphics , and published in 1987 . It is based on the American film Masters of the Universe ( 1987 ) , directed by Gary Goddard . The film and the game are part of the Masters of the Universe media franchise . A promotional photo of Dolph Lundgren as He-Man and Frank Langella as Skeletor illustrates the video game packaging . The MSX version of the game is titled Masters of the Universe . Two other Masters of the Universe video games were published in the same year : Masters of the Universe : The Arcade Game and Masters of the Universe : The Super Adventure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da106573fbb7e2da01294c803954d891", "text": "Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star . Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcdc0170c885526ed3707bf96422fc25", "text": "Halo: Reach Halo : Reach is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 home video game console . The sixth installment in the Halo series , Reach was released worldwide in September 2010 . The game takes place in the year 2552 , where humanity is locked in a war with the alien Covenant . Players control Noble Six , a member of an elite supersoldier squad , when the human world known as Reach falls under Covenant attack . After releasing Halo 3 in 2007 , Bungie split into teams to develop two different games -- what would become Halo 3 : ODST and Reach . The developers decided to create a prequel to the original Halo game trilogy , freeing themselves from the obligation of addressing old story threads . As the game would take place on a human world doomed to be destroyed , they focused on making the environment a character unto itself . Longtime Halo composers Martin O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori returned to compose Reachs music , aiming for a more somber sound to match the story . Reach was announced at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009 in Los Angeles , California , and the first in-engine trailer was shown at the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards . Players who purchased ODST were eligible to participate in a Reach multiplayer beta in May 2010 ; the beta allowed Bungie to gain player feedback for fixing bugs and making gameplay tweaks before shipping the final version . Microsoft gave Reach its biggest game marketing budget yet and created award-winning live-action commercials , action figures , and interactive media to promote the game . The game grossed US$ 200 million on its launch day , setting a new record for the franchise . Reach sold well in most territories , moving more than three million units its first month in North America . Critical reception was positive ; reviewers from publications such as GamePro , IGN , and Official Xbox Magazine called it the best Halo title yet . Critics generally praised the game 's graphics and sound , but the plot and characters were less positively received . Reach was Bungie 's final Halo game ; subsequent games have been overseen by Microsoft subsidiary 343 Industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b63ac3f20e4c917d6e3379f129d43c59", "text": "Mission: Impossible 2 Mission : Impossible 2 ( stylized as M : I-2 ) is a 2000 American action spy film directed by John Woo and starring Tom Cruise , who also served as the film 's producer . It is the second installment in the Mission : Impossible film series . In the film , Ethan Hunt is recruited by the Impossible Missions Force ( IMF ) to find and destroy a dangerous biological weapon called `` Chimera '' from a rogue IMF agent named Sean Ambrose with the help of his new girlfriend , Nyah Nordoff-Hall . . Mission : Impossible 2 was released in theaters worldwide on May 24 , 2000 . It grossed more than $ 546.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing film of 2000 . But the critical response was mixed ; praise was directed at Tom Cruise 's performance and the action sequences , but the plot and dialogue were criticized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90d566081ee13f5f626f4ba965ff8d99", "text": "One Six Right One Six Right : The Romance of Flying is an independent documentary film about the general aviation industry as seen through a local airport . Within a short period of time , it has achieved a passionate following and presence among pilots and aviation enthusiasts worldwide who see the film as being able to communicate their passion for aviation . Concurrently , the film has garnered both local and national political attention in the United States as an accurate depiction of general aviation and its important contributions to all aviation industries worldwide . Within the entertainment industry , the film has attracted the sponsorship and support of many large media companies , including Apple Inc. , Sony Electronics , Toshiba , Technicolor , Bose , and Dolby , as pioneering new standards in high definition ( HD ) film making and distribution .", "title": "" } ]
fever
50706f83992dfe01fdffdc7663c9052c
Blue Velvet is a movie.
[ { "docid": "a372fe9c3cbd8aac0cb4088e7c3986c2", "text": "Blue Velvet (film) Blue Velvet is a 1986 American neo-noir mystery film , written and directed by David Lynch . Blending psychological horror with film noir , the film stars Kyle MacLachlan , Isabella Rossellini , Dennis Hopper and Laura Dern . The title is taken from Bobby Vinton 's 1963 song of the same name . The screenplay of Blue Velvet had been passed around multiple times in the late 1970s and early 1980s , with many major studios declining it because of its strong sexual and violent content . After the commercial and critical failure of Lynch 's Dune ( 1984 ) , the director made attempts at developing a more `` personal story '' , somewhat characteristic of the surrealist style displayed in his debut Eraserhead ( 1977 ) . The independent studio De Laurentiis Entertainment Group , owned at the time by Italian film producer Dino De Laurentiis , agreed to finance and produce the film . Blue Velvet initially received a divided critical response , with many stating that its objectionable content served little artistic purpose . It nevertheless earned Lynch his second Academy Award nomination for Best Director and came to achieve cult status . As an example of a director casting against the norm , it was credited for re-launching Hopper 's career and for providing Rossellini with a dramatic outlet beyond her previous work as a fashion model and a cosmetics spokeswoman . In the years since , the film has generated significant academic attention with regard to its thematic symbolism , and is now widely regarded as one of Lynch 's major works and one of the greatest films of the 1980s . Publications including Sight & Sound , Time , Entertainment Weekly and BBC Magazine have ranked it among the greatest American films of all time . In 2008 , Blue Velvet was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the greatest American mystery films ever made .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1d35f3c5c48b1fbd93d483c68be2fc92", "text": "Buffalo '66 Buffalo '66 is a 1998 comedy-drama film that is writer-director Vincent Gallo 's full-length motion picture debut . Vincent Gallo and Christina Ricci star in the lead roles and the supporting cast includes Mickey Rourke , Rosanna Arquette , Ben Gazzara , and Anjelica Huston . Gallo also composed and performed much of the music for the film . The film received critical acclaim and Empire listed it as the 36th-greatest independent film ever made . It was filmed in and around Gallo 's native Buffalo , New York in winter . The film uses British progressive rock music in its soundtrack , notably King Crimson and Yes . The title refers to the Buffalo Bills football team , with the number referring to the statement , `` They have n't won a championship since 1966 . '' This is critical to the plot which focuses on the Super Bowl in which the Bills , in the early 1990s , came very close to winning , but the game was blown with a missed field goal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39dda2129219fd4d8a2ba92d42a819cd", "text": "Enough (film) Enough is a 2002 American thriller film directed by Michael Apted . The movie is based on the 1998 novel Black and Blue , by Anna Quindlen , which was a New York Times bestseller . It stars Jennifer Lopez as Slim , an abused wife who learns to fight back . Enough garnered generally negative reviews from film critics , although several aspects of the film including the actors ' performances were praised .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f473c702189bf20dee62a2fb64e90490", "text": "Black light theatre Black Light Theatre ( in Czech černé divadlo ) or simply Black Theatre , is a theatrical performance style characterized by the use of black box theatre augmented by black light illusion . This form of theatre originated from Asia and can be found in many places around the world . It has become a speciality of Prague , where many theatres use it . The distinctive characteristics of `` black theatre '' are the use of black curtains , a darkened stage , and `` black lighting '' ( UV light ) , paired with fluorescent costumes in order to create intricate visual illusions . This `` black cabinet '' technique was used by Georges Méliès , and by theatre revolutionary Konstantin Stanislavski ( especially in his production of Cain ) . The technique , paired with the expressive artistry of dance , mime and acrobatics of the performers is able to create remarkable spectacles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffe7873219cca2b64952668ba064b9c5", "text": "My Blue Heaven (1950 film) Not to be confused with the unrelated 1990 film . My Blue Heaven is a 1950 Technicolor musical drama film directed by Henry Koster and starring Betty Grable and Dan Dailey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fae2f5d819f9dced15b121d4793383a", "text": "Velvet (disambiguation) Velvet is a particular kind of soft fabric . Velvet may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ac1f0b645852ad5134f1d18ee00fc8", "text": "Blue Velvet (song) `` Blue Velvet '' is a popular song written and composed in 1950 by Bernie Wayne and Lee Morris . A top 20 hit for Tony Bennett in its original 1951 version , the song has since been re-recorded many times , with a 1963 version by Bobby Vinton reaching No. 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0573da089a8ef9925aa3a5d71ae407fc", "text": "Black Velvet (whisky) Black Velvet Whisky is a Canadian whisky brand owned by Constellation Brands . It has a smooth taste and is known for its black labeling . Black Velvet was produced at Schenley Industries in Valleyfield , Quebec , Canada . Schenley 's Black Velvet DeLuxe was the only liquor available to submarine officers at Midway in World War II , where it was held in low regard and known as `` Schenley 's Black Death . '' Original owner Heublein was sold to Grand Metropolitan in 1987 . Grand Metropolitan and Guinness merged in 1997 to form Diageo . The distillery was sold by Diageo to Canandaigua Brands in 1999 . Originally called `` Black Label '' , the name was changed to `` Black Velvet '' at the suggestion , in the late 1940s , by the Master Distiller Jack Napier because he thought it had a velvety taste and smoothness . Black Velvet produces three expressions which are primarily sold on the export market to the United States : Black Velvet and Black Velvet Reserve , which is an older-aged product ( aged eight years ) , and Black Velvet Toasted Caramel ( introduced in 2012 ) . This brand is ranked number two in Canadian Whisky market share behind number one , Crown Royal . The first Black Velvet Lady , Patricia Victoria Miller , was introduced to the world in 1969 as an advertisement tool for Black Velvet . Since that time , such famous names as Christie Brinkley , Cybill Shepherd , Kim Alexis , Cheryl Tiegs , Micah Wylde , and Kelly Emberg have all been Black Velvet Ladies . In addition , actors Telly Savalas , Larry Hagman and George Burns as well as country singer Tanya Tucker have also appeared in the ads . The current Black Velvet Lady is Tami Donaldson , born and raised in Hollywood , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "674234f76b104d9b43a3674eaf43c911", "text": "Blue Book Top 20 Network Rankings The Performance Marketing Blue Book , owned by privately held mThink LLC , provides online affiliates and merchants with an independently researched ranking of affiliate networks worldwide . It is published in the form of two `` Top 20 '' league tables , one for CPA networks and one for networks using a revenue sharing business model , cost-per-sale . The tables are updated each year from the results of an annual research-based process that includes a survey of over 20,000 online publishers and advertisers . The Blue Book has been produced each year since 2009 and is a recognized information resource within the performance marketing industry . Methodology The Blue Book is based upon a research process that incorporates multiple sources of affiliate marketing industry data and includes over 500 affiliate networks each year . One major component is an annual survey of over 20,000 online publishers and merchants . The survey includes anti-fraud security measures to prevent multiple responses from a single individual as well question structured to avoid selection-bias . In addition to the survey , the research process aggregates industry expert views , traffic data , measures of industry influence and other information . The Blue Ribbon Panel The Blue Ribbon Panel is a group of performance marketing industry experts representing each of the three core parts of the industry : advertisers , publishers and networks . Members are selected on the basis of their experience and reputation . Their opinions are collected via interviews and online survey , and are incorporated into the research process for the Performance Marketing Blue Book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4404ee819d03b91692a0011e6f7803d0", "text": "Monte Blue Monte Blue ( born Gerard Montgomery Bluefeather , January 11 , 1887 -- February 18 , 1963 ) was a movie actor who began his career as a romantic leading man in the silent film era , and later progressed to character roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1849ef964aa5bd2828570baf373cf007", "text": "Bohemian Rapture Bohemian Rapture or The Violin and the Dream ( Czech : Housle a sen ) is a 1947 Czech historical drama film directed by Václav Krska and starring Jaromír Spal , Václav Voska and Karel Dostal . The film portrays the life of the Czech violinist Josef Slavík , a contemporary of Frédéric Chopin , and a rival of Nicolo Paganini . In 1948 the film was released in the United States by the arthouse distributor Artkino . This release is sometimes treated as a separate film , but is simply an English-subtitled version of the Czech original . A New York Times review of the film was negative , criticising it as `` an unusual but decidedly confusing and unrewarding offering '' and attacking in particular its use of disjointed flashback sequences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42df87a2ab4dea3ed8727b017509b1ca", "text": "Skin Deep (1989 film) Skin Deep is a 1989 romantic comedy film written and directed by Blake Edwards , and starring John Ritter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b290347a990880bff7dce722feec8f32", "text": "The Wide Blue Road The Wide Blue Road ( La grande strada azzurra ) is a 1957 Italian romance drama film directed by Gillo Pontecorvo and Maleno Malenotti .", "title": "" } ]
fever
0eb965eae1393f751246041c075b7d20
The Flash is an American television series.
[ { "docid": "9461af14349cda9619bb6d5cf715c2aa", "text": "The Flash (1990 TV series) The Flash is a 1990 American television series developed by the writing team of Danny Bilson and Paul De Meo that aired on CBS . It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds . The Flash starred John Wesley Shipp as Allen , along with Amanda Pays , Alex Désert , and Paula Marshall . It was the first-ever live-action portrayal of the DC superhero .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "07f016d493e353d738edda968423422c", "text": "Prince Thun Prince Thun is a fictional character who appeared in various forms of the Flash Gordon comic strip and film productions . He is a Lion Man of Mongo and one of Flash 's most trusted friends . His Father is King Jugrid , ruler of the Lion Men , and one of the three mightiest rulers of Mongo . Thun first appeared in the Alex Raymond comic strip of the 1930s and quickly becomes an ally of Flash , after meeting him during a Lion Men attack on Mingo City . He helped him twice in stopping Ming marrying Dale . Soon he appeared in other incarnations of the character . In 1936 , Thun was first played by James Pierce in the film serial entitled Flash Gordon . Thun appeared in the serial much as he did in the comic strip , a humanoid with a wild shock of long hair and a long beard , creating the overall effect of a lion 's mane . Flash , Dale and Zarkov encounter a `` lion-man '' in `` The Forbidden Experiment '' , the 25th episode of the 1954 syndicated television series , although he is not identified on-screen as Thun . His body and face are covered with fur and he has fangs and mane-like hair . He has the power to command animals and is seeking to become fully human in appearance . The actor is not credited . Thun next appeared in the 1979 Filmation series . Originally , Thun was to be voiced by Ted Cassidy . However , Cassidy died before production of the series , and the role was recast with Allan Melvin providing the voice . In this series , Thun appeared as a literal lion man , with a lion 's head and claws on a human body . He was referred to as a king , rather than a prince . Thun is the first of Flash 's allies on Mongo , and the most loyal and steadfast . It was heavily implied that there was an entire race of Lion Men on Mongo , but Thun was the only one who ever appeared onscreen . In 1980 , Thun was played by George Harris in the Dino De Laurentiis film version . He was again referred to as the King of Ardentia , and appeared human and clean-shaven . When he offered his loyalty `` without measure '' , Ming the Merciless commanded him to fall on his sword . Instead , he attacked Ming and was destroyed , paralyzed by Ming 's probe and then stabbed with his sword by Ming revealing him to have blue blood . In the 1996 Flash Gordon cartoon , Prince Thun was replaced by Princess Thundar . Like the earlier animated Thun , she was a literal lion-person , somewhat resembling the Thundercats . Like the other main characters , she was a teenager and worked with Flash , Dale Arden and Prince Talon of the Hawk-People to overthrow Ming . A character named Thun does not appear in the 2007 Flash Gordon live action series , in which the Lion Men are renamed Turin . In this version they are led by Bolgar , played by Shawn Reis . Bolgar becomes an ally of Flash in the episode `` Blame '' , when Flash saves his son Rivu ( Sebastian Gacki ) from poisoning and convinces him the Deviates are not responsible . The Turin resemble the original Lion Men , humans with claws and mane-like hair . They also roar like lions when angry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a6eb426f38c90e125d512d067ab472d", "text": "Sesame Street News Flash The Sesame Street News Flash was a recurring segment on the children 's television show Sesame Street . First aired in 1971 , the series starred Kermit the Frog as a trench coat-dressed roving reporter who interviews Muppet versions of characters from fairy tales , Mother Goose nursery rhymes and key moments in history . Given the basic format of the segments , the `` Sesame Street News Flash '' series served several purposes , namely to act out simple stories and nursery rhymes with which the show 's audience might be familiar , and to give children a basic understanding of history . Other skits were spoofs of popular culture ( such as one which parodied the then-popular The Six Million Dollar Man ) , while others involved Kermit asking children simple vox populi , or `` man on the street , '' style questions . With exception to the latter , the segments were often parodies and diverged from the traditional tellings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d8122862e6d34ca568bb4f0e774cf13", "text": "Blue Trinity The Blue Trinity are a series of Russian superheroes , created by DC Comics , debuted in The Flash comic book series in The Flash Vol .2 # 7 ( December 1987 ) , unlike its predecessors , this team was emotionally Unstable and abnormally strong , making them antagonistic in the stories of The Flash , and eventually , becoming supervillains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee9c4b06e6b5407248a27c9fe207c11", "text": "List of Supergirl episodes Supergirl is an American superhero action-adventure drama television series developed by Ali Adler , Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg ( the latter two having previously created Arrow and The Flash ) that originally aired on CBS and premiered on October 26 , 2015 . It is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl ( Kara Zor-El ) , created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino , and stars Melissa Benoist in the title role . Supergirl is a costumed superheroine who is the biological cousin to Superman and one of the last surviving Kryptonians . The series was officially picked up on May 6 , 2015 , after receiving a series commitment in September 2014 , and received a full season order on November 30 , 2015 . On May 12 , 2016 , Warner Bros. . Television announced that the series had been renewed for a second season and that it would move from CBS to The CW . It debuted on October 10 , 2016 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a third season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2669a9e7f395360affae1688edb2ec", "text": "Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus . It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff73368449b1f3bf9c6b7344d6b405be", "text": "Geoff Johns Geoff Johns ( born January 25 , 1973 ) is an American comic book and television writer , film producer , and television producer . He is the president and Chief Creative Officer at DC Comics ; he has served in the latter position since 2010 . His most notable work in different media has used the DC Comics characters Green Lantern , Aquaman , Flash , and Superman . He is well known for his work on The WB/The CW 's Smallville , Arrow and The Flash . He is also a comic book retailer who co-owns Earth-2 Comics in Northridge , California with Carr D'Angelo and Jud Meyers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc2651ac9e8d59f603bedade78ba83e8", "text": "Dirty Pair Flash is a humorous science fiction anime and manga franchise based on the light novel series by Haruka Takachiho . Although it is often said that these are younger versions of the original Lovely Angels Kei and Yuri , in truth this series is an alternate universe telling of Dirty Pair , set in the years 2248-49 . When Sunrise originally began the project , their idea was to make a sequel to the original Dirty Pair series , but Kyōko Tongū , the original voice actress for Kei , had long retired and moved to North America , and Saeko Shimazu , the voice of Yuri , refused to work with anyone but her original partner , forcing the project to be a remake of the original series instead . Dirty Pair Flash was first aired in North America on PBS San Jose station KTEH as the English Subtitled version and also on Showtime Beyond as the English Dubbed version . The English version of Dirty Pair Flash was licensed by ADV Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f64bb9961419cb7cee311361b0c4fcd0", "text": "Fringe (season 2) The second season of the American science fiction television series Fringe commenced airing on the Fox network on September 17 , 2009 , and concluded on May 20 , 2010 . The season was produced by Bad Robot Productions in association with Warner Bros. . Television , and its showrunners were Jeff Pinkner and J.H. Wyman . Actors Anna Torv , John Noble , and Joshua Jackson reprised their roles as FBI agent Olivia Dunham and father-son duo Walter and Peter Bishop , respectively . Previous series regulars Lance Reddick , Jasika Nicole , Blair Brown , and Kirk Acevedo also returned , though with Acevedo in a limited capacity . The season followed the continuation of a war between two universes , the prime and the parallel . It was set in the former , until the last several episodes when Peter Bishop ( Jackson ) journeyed back to the parallel universe after being lured there by his real father , `` Walternate '' ( Noble ) . While co-creator J.J. Abrams described the first season as `` identifying that there is an enemy '' , he referred to season two as `` getting to know the enemy '' as it `` build -LSB- s -RSB- to a very specific type of confrontation '' between the two universes . The writers focused on their characters ' development , in particular making them more comfortable with each other while solving cases for Fringe Division . By inventing the `` mythalone '' style of episode , the producers sought to create the perfect episode that mixed standalone episode qualities for casual viewers with the further development of the series ' mythology for regular viewers . In a departure from the previous season , the second season aired in a new competitive timeslot at 9:00 pm on Thursdays . It contained 22 episodes , plus an unaired episode that was produced during the first season ; `` Unearthed '' aired as a special as episode 11 of season two , days prior to `` Johari Window '' , the first new episode of 2010 . Also part of the season was the series ' only musical episode , `` Brown Betty '' , which was produced at the request of the network . The season finale , `` Over There '' , fully introduced the parallel universe and laid the groundwork for the third season . Fringe ended its second season with a per episode average of 6.252 million total viewers and a 2.3 ratings share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The season was generally well-received by critics , though most agreed that the second half was a considerable improvement over the first . The series was chosen for a number of 2010 `` best of television '' lists , including The New York Times , the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , and Entertainment Weekly . Despite its critical acclaim , Fringe failed to earn any major category nominations at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards , but did receive nominations at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards , Golden Reel Awards , and Satellite Awards ; at the Saturn Awards , Torv and guest actor Leonard Nimoy won in their respective categories . The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 14 , 2010 , in region 2 on September 27 , and in region 4 on November 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ec35804aeb4bf710d85877a26f8b31", "text": "Arrow (season 2) The second season of the American television series Arrow premiered on The CW on October 10 , 2013 and concluded on May 14 , 2014 with a total of 23 episodes . The series is based on the DC Comics character Green Arrow , a costumed crime-fighter created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp . The showrunners for this season were Greg Berlanti , Marc Guggenheim and Andrew Kreisberg . This season introduces characters from The Flash , which was being developed as a potential spin-off at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e659a7b4ad682956efaef5d3b688b646", "text": "Blowback (FlashForward) `` Blowback '' is the thirteenth episode of the American television series FlashForward . The episode 's teleplay was written by Lisa Zwerling and Barbara Nance and was directed by Constantine Makris , and was originally aired in the United States on ABC on March 25 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef39a4cda4adbb0060de2eb8f3a2da8", "text": "X-Men (TV series) X-Men , also known as X-Men : The Animated Series , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Network , as part of its Fox Kids Saturday morning lineup . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a95b450b450dab4eada47f3fdc8f6aa", "text": "Lightning (comics) Lightning , in comics , may refer to : Lightning ( DC Comics ) , a DC Comics character Lightning , one of the duo Thunder and Lightning Lightning , a member of the T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents It may also refer to : Well-Spoken Sonic Lightning Flash , a DC Comics character , one of the new Forever People", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6340351e92a24af42ca6bea00e445ce", "text": "Flash and Dash Race-Tin : Flash and Dash , is a 2007 Chinese animated series created by Auldey and based on their line of radio-controlled cars . The original series ran for 26 episodes and saw distribution in various countries across the world . There are two theme songs : the Chinese theme song is the original theme `` Flash ! Dash ! '' and the English version is the unleashed theme `` Feel the Fire ! Feel the Speed ! '' written by John Mitchell and Tom Keenlyside . An English version , created by Ocean Productions , began airing in the United Kingdom on Cartoon Network Too on November 7 , 2009 . The broadcast was produced in a partnership between Danbar , a company distributing the toyline in Europe , and Turner Media Innovations . The series received two followups , the 40-episode sequel Race-Tin : Flash & Dash 2 in 2007 and the 26 episode reboot Race-Tin : Flash & Dash S in 2012 . The latter entries saw limited distribution outside of Asia , with only Flash & Dash S receiving an English dub with local actors . All three seasons are available to stream across Auldey 's various Youtube channels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" } ]
fever
2b5d7c93782804138b27960bd43a5d6b
Iceland was settled.
[ { "docid": "b5b805f3649cea24fd289cc09f5339d0", "text": "Iceland Iceland ( -LSB- ˈaɪslənd -RSB- -LSB- ˈistlant -RSB- ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean . It has a population of and an area of 103000 km2 , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains and glaciers , while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók , the settlement of Iceland began in the year 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island . In the following centuries , Norwegians , and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians , emigrated to Iceland , bringing with them thralls of Gaelic origin . The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing , one of the world 's oldest functioning legislative assemblies . Following a period of civil strife , Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century . The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway , Denmark and Sweden . Iceland thus followed Norway 's integration to that Union and came under Danish rule after Sweden 's secession from that union in 1523 . Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in 1550 , Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures were conspicuous by their absence . In the wake of the French revolution and the Napoleonic wars , Iceland 's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the founding of a republic in 1944 . Until the 20th century , Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture , and was among the poorest in Europe . Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity , and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world . In 1994 , it became a part of the European Economic Area , which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance , biotechnology , and manufacturing . Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes compared to other OECD countries . It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens . Iceland ranks high in economic , political and social stability and equality . In 2013 , it was ranked as the 13th most-developed country in the world by the United Nations ' Human Development Index . Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy . Affected by the ongoing worldwide financial crisis , the nation 's entire banking system systemically failed in October 2008 , leading to a severe depression , substantial political unrest , the Icesave dispute , and the institution of capital controls . Some bankers were jailed . Since then , the economy has made a significant recovery , in large part due to a surge in tourism . Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation 's Scandinavian heritage . Most Icelanders are descendants of Germanic and Gaelic settlers . Icelandic , a North Germanic language , is descended from Old Norse and is closely related to Faroese and West Norwegian dialects . The country 's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine , Icelandic literature and medieval sagas . Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army , its lightly armed coast guard being in charge of defence .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f66cc59585f632ca33b97193789f5a4e", "text": "Thorstein Eiriksson Thorstein Eiriksson ( Þórsteinn Eiríksson ) was the third and youngest son of Erik the Red . Almost nothing is known about Thorstein 's life . According to the Vinland Sagas , Erik the Red settled in Greenland around 986 with his wife and three grown sons , Leif , Thorvald and Thorstein . After Leif had sailed west from Greenland and discovered Vinland , Thorvald organized and led a second expedition to this new country . The natives , called Skraelings by the Norse , attacked Thorvald and his men . Thorvald received a fatal wound and was buried in Vinland . His crew returned to Greenland . Thorstein subsequently set sail for Vinland to retrieve his brother 's body , along with his wife Gudrid . The ship was beset by bad weather and never reached Vinland . By the first week of winter they had returned to Greenland and landed at Lysufiord in the Western Settlement where they sought shelter with the families living there . That winter an epidemic swept the settlement killing Thorstein and several others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ef8e65af2f26e76f0ea4709cb1580", "text": "Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð ( Hamrahlíð College ) , usually referred to as MH , is a public gymnasium ( menntaskóli ) , located in Hlíðahverfi , Reykjavík , Iceland . The school was founded in 1966 by the Icelandic Ministry of Education ; with the first graduation occurring in 1970 . The school 's first rector was Guðmundur Arnlaugsson . The school 's objective is to prepare students for rigorous tertiary studies both locally and in an international environment . It offers four Icelandic-taught programmes leading to the Stúdentspróf qualification : languages , natural sciences , social sciences and performance dance ; and one English-taught programme leading to the IB Diploma . The newest addition is an `` independent programme '' which allows slightly more room for mixing the other ones together . The school also offers evening classes for older students and coordinates annual language tests for foreign students who wish to apply to local schools . Since foundation , the school was meant to be a pioneer project , and has therefore received relative freedom in advancing its education policy . It was the first in the country to adopt a university-style credit system , which was soon replicated by several other schools and eventually became the basis for all government-regulated upper secondary curricula . MH is one of the most selective upper secondary schools in the country . It prides itself for its services to students with disabilities and students whose mother tongue is not Icelandic , who also enjoy priority in the selection process . Some famous Icelanders that once attended MH include Björk , Paul Oscar and Jón Gnarr , the former mayor of Reykjavík .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e05bf2438e2dc472219509c52bd46e", "text": "Garður Garður is a municipality and town located in southwestern Iceland , bordered by the Faxaflói Bay on the Southern Peninsula . The town Gardur , which means garden or yard , was named after one of the many earthen walls once erected on the boundaries between local properties . Garður was mentioned in the Book of Settlement when Ingólfur Arnarson , the first settler in Iceland , gave his cousin Steinunn Gamla this area of land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31017b531acb88e415badf5767b83cf6", "text": "Gunnlaugr Ormstunga Gunnlaugr Ormstunga ( i.e. `` Serpent-Tongue '' ) was an Icelandic poet . His life is described in Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu , where several of his poems are preserved . Gunnlaugr was born ca. 983 . From an early age he proved himself impetuous , audacious , brave , and tough . He was also a skilled author of mostly derogatory poems , which earned him the cognomen ormstunga , `` serpent 's tongue '' . After a quarrel with his father , Illugi , Gunnlaugr left his home at the age of twelve to stay for some time at Borg with Þorsteinn Egilsson , the son of Egill Skallagrímsson . There , he became acquainted with Þorsteinn 's daughter , Helga the fair , reputedly the most beautiful woman in Iceland . Her hair was so ample that she could hide herself in it . When Gunnlaugr was eighteen , he went abroad . At that time , Helga became his fiancée , on the condition that she would wait no more than three years for Gunnlaugr . He visited the courts of Norway , Ireland , Orkney and Sweden and England . In Sweden , he visited the court of King Óláfr Skötkonung where he met his rival , the Icelandic champion and skald , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr 's stay in the service of King Æthelred of England delayed his return to Iceland and Helga . He did not return until four years had passed ( ca. 1005 ) . Since Gunnlaugr had been gone longer than his allotted three years , Helga was forced into an unhappy marriage to Gunnlaugr 's rival , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr and Hrafn met at the Althing and Gunnlaugr challenged Hrafn to a duel of honour , a holmgang ( hólmganga ) . The duel ended in a draw and was the last one allowed in Iceland . From that time hólmganga were forbidden by Icelandic law . In order to settle their dispute in blood , the two champions met in Norway in the spring of 1008 . There , Gunnlaugr defeated Hrafn , but was fatally wounded . After a short time he died . He was 25 . Helga later remarried , but never recovered from Gunnlaugr 's death . Her greatest pleasure was to rest her eyes on a sumptuous coat that Gunnlaugr had given her . One evening , she rested her head on her husband 's shoulder , spread the coat in front of her , and watched it for a while . Thereafter , she fell back into her husband 's embrace and was dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c8b58c81b137d557d487e2db70cb334", "text": "Economic history of Iceland The economy history of Iceland covers the development of its economy from the Settlement of Iceland in the late 9th century until the present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee5c70c740af809446dff51bd9288b9", "text": "Iceland plume The Iceland plume is a postulated upwelling of anomalously hot rock in the Earth 's mantle beneath Iceland . Its origin is thought to lie deep in the mantle , perhaps at the boundary between the core and the mantle at approximately 2,880 km depth . Opinions differ as to whether seismic studies have imaged such a structure . In this framework , the volcanism of Iceland is attributed to this plume , according to the theory of W. Jason Morgan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0d78f3c18138d33052c42118e35eba", "text": "Danish Realm The term Danish Realm ( Det Danske Rige ) refers to the relationship between Denmark proper , the Faroe Islands and Greenland -- three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark . The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a unitary sovereign state . The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 ( de jure ) when the Kalmar Union was ratified , and part of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1814 ( de facto ) . However , due to their separate historical and cultural identities , these parts of the Realm now have an extensive type of self-government and have assumed legislative and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields . Legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution . Beginning in 1953 , state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm ( Rigsenheden ) . A less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is `` the commonwealth of the Realm '' . In 1978 , The Unity of The Realm was for the first time unofficially referred to as rigsfællesskabet . The name caught on and since the 1990s , both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet ( ríkisfelagsskapurin naalagaaffeqatigiit ) in daily parlance . The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government . The Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979 . In 2005 , the Faroes received a self-government arrangement , and in 2009 Greenland received `` self rule '' , thus leaving the Danish government with virtually no influence over Greenlandic internal affairs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c1cd6cd4d9d0fbb7fa8120b76f67f3b", "text": "Vatnajökull Vatnajökull ( -LSB- ˈvaʰtnaˌjœːkʏtl̥ -RSB- ) , also known as the Vatna Glacier in English , is the largest and most voluminous ice cap in Iceland , and one of the largest in area in Europe . It is the second largest glacier in area after Austfonna on Svalbard in Norway but , nevertheless , larger by volume . It is located in the south-east of the island , covering more than 8 percent of the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8f00c70c310ad35f4ed0472f779d8d", "text": "Icelandic Elf School The Icelandic Elf School , known as Álfaskólinn in Icelandic , is a school in Iceland that teaches students and visitors about Icelandic folklore . The school teaches about the hidden people and the 13 different kinds of elves that the school believes inhabit the country of Iceland . According to the school 's headmaster , hidden people `` are just the same size and look exactly like human beings , the only difference is that they are invisible to most of us . Elves , on the other hand , are n't entirely human , they 're humanoid , starting at around eight centimetres . '' He also claims there are gay and lesbian elves . The school is located in Reykjavík , the country 's largest city . The school is headed by Magnús Skarphéðinsson . Magnús has a full curriculum , and certificate programs for visitors that can be earned in as little as half a day . However , the school also publishes texts on hidden people , partly for its own use in the classroom . There is also ongoing research on the elves and hidden people of Iceland . He also collects stories about trolls , fairies , dwarves , and gnomes , but says that `` nearly 70 percent of our stories are about hidden people , because they are most seen here . '' These stories have been collected for the purpose of preservation . Magnús organizes five hour long educational excursions for visitors , and finishes the tour with coffee and pancakes at the school . Despite never advertising his school , Magnus typically gets 5-10 people per excursion . Since opening in 1991 , over 9,000 people , most of them foreigners , have attended the school . The Álfaskólinn also provides `` aura readings '' and `` past-life explorations '' . The question of the `` level of belief in elves '' in Iceland is somewhat of a cultural topos , with survey results published in 1975 , 1995 , 1998 , 2006 . Interpretations of the survey results vary . Based on the 2006 figures , Magnús claims that while only 26 % of Icelanders believe in elves ( summing the responses ` certain ' and ` probable ' ) , 80 % `` do take notice '' ( including the replies ` possible ' and ` unlikely ' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbdef958462da21025cf45de467b6c71", "text": "Þjórsá Þjórsá ( -LSB- ˈθjoursau -RSB- ) is Iceland 's longest river at 230 kilometers ( about 143 miles ) . It is in the south of the island . Þjórsá is a glacier river and has its source on the glacier Hofsjökull . It flows out through narrow gorges in the highlands of Iceland . Further downstream , another river , the Tungnaá , flows into it ( see also Háifoss ) , before it enters the lowlands . There it passes the valley of Þjórsárdalur ( Thjorsardalur ) where the historical farm of Stöng is located at . In the lowlands it flows along the eastern border of the Great Þjórsá Lava . In the middle of the now rather wide river , there is a big island called Árnes , where there used to be a Þing . The administrative unit of Árnessýsla was named after it . The hringvegur ( Road No. 1 ) traverses the river via a bridge between Selfoss and Hella . Some kilometers to the southwest the river flows into the Atlantic Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7c414b1bec0a338558576b77c22052", "text": "Capital Region (Iceland) Greater Reykjavík ( Höfuðborgarsvæðið , meaning `` The Capital Region '' ) is a name used collectively for Reykjavík and six municipalities around it . The area is by far the largest urban area in Iceland . Each municipality has its own elected council . Greater Reykjavík 's population of 216 940 is over 60 % of the population of Iceland , in an area that is only just over 1 % of the total size of the country . The size of the greater Reykjavík area is calculated from the area of its constituent municipalities , including large areas of hinterland , not the much smaller urban core of about 200 km2 Municipal governments cooperate extensively in various fields : for example waste policy , shared public transport and a joint fire brigade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e40a4dfc0a34f3ce622625420fa8602d", "text": "Northwestern Region (Iceland) Northwestern Region ( Norðurland vestra ) is one of the traditional eight regions of Iceland , located in the north of the island . The biggest town in the region is Sauðárkrókur , with a population of 3000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfe43ec8bd558d13582d1ab5dc9c0c22", "text": "Háttatal The Háttatal ( -LSB- ˈhauʰtaˌtʰaːl -RSB- , conversation of meters ; c. 20,000 words ) is the last section of the Prose Edda composed by the Icelandic poet , politician , and historian Snorri Sturluson . Using , for the most part , his own compositions , it exemplifies the types of verse forms used in Old Norse poetry . Snorri took a prescriptive as well as descriptive approach ; he has systematized the material , and often notes that `` the older poets did not always '' follow his rules . Most of the forms depend on number of syllables per line , as well as assonance , consonance , and alliteration . Although end rhyme is represented , it does not function in the ways most modern English speakers expect ( forms include AAAAAAAA , and AAAABBBB ) , and plays a very minor role . Understanding this work will be much easier if the First Grammatical Treatise is also available to hand . Many scholars have suggested that the form of Háttatal suggests a classical influence deriving from the traditions of Christian learning to which Snorri was doubtlessly exposed . Others have argued that this is a result of using a logical approach , within the framework of a dialog , and that some aspects of the work prove that it was not directly influenced by classical writings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97f1213d43ba069da417f7c40fd3532", "text": "Steingrímur J. Sigfússon Steingrímur Jóhann Sigfússon ( born 4 August 1955 ) is an Icelandic politician . He has been a member of the Althing ( Icelandic parliament ) since 1983 and is the founding chairman of the Left-Green Movement ( Vinstri hreyfingin -- grænt framboð ) . He was the Minister for Agriculture and Communications from 1988 -- 1991 . He became Minister of Finance in 2009 . In 2011 he took on the roles of Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture and Minister of Economic Affairs . Steingrímur was born in Gunnarsstaðir , a large sheep farm between Garður and Þórshöfn in the Þistilfjörður region of northeast Iceland ( Svalbarðshreppur municipality ) . In his younger days he was an avid sportsman , both track and field and also a volleyball player . On 16 January 2006 , Steingrímur was injured in a car accident not far from Blönduós , Iceland but he later recovered . He supported the end of the US military presence in Iceland , but believed Iceland itself should have taken the initiative in ending this presence . Since September 2006 , when US forces left Naval Air Station Keflavik , he has strongly opposed any possible development of an Icelandic army seeing the country 's need for armed forces as practically non-existent . He believes that civilian institutions such as the police and the coast guard should be organized in order to provide the needed protection in the unlikely event of a major disturbance . In November 2006 , he published the book Við öll -- Íslenskt velferðarsamfélag á tímamótum ( `` All of Us -- Icelandic Welfare Society at Crossroads '' ) , laying out his political ideology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "586d86ab38a7263fa75be52e79b14b77", "text": "Icelandic outvasion The Icelandic `` outvasion '' ( Icelandic : útrás ) was the period in the economic history of Iceland between 2000 and the onset of its financial crisis in October 2008 . With the privatisation of the Icelandic banks being advantageous for investors , there was a large supply of cheap loan capital on the international market . A clause in the agreement with the European Economic Area stipulated the free flow of capital to and from Iceland . The so-called outvasion led to the purchase of many foreign businesses , particularly in the retail sector . The British retailers Debenhams , Woolworths , Hamleys , and others came into full or part-Icelandic possession , in addition to the Danish companies Magasin du Nord and Royal Unibrew . Novator Partners acquired telecoms and other assets around Europe , including České Radiokomunikace , Elisa , Saunalahti , Bulgarian Telecommunications Company , P4 Spółka z o.o. , Netia , and Forthnet . The term `` outvasion '' was coined by the Icelandic media , who described the bankers as Vikings , and compared the rapid acquisition of many foreign businesses to a Viking invasion or raid , in both the possessions of the target being aggressively taken over .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c460c726ad03f9e14f815139c3efdb0", "text": "Family policy in Iceland The Icelandic family model can be compared to that of the Anglo-Saxon model in regards to its benefits and the Scandinavian model in regards services . Iceland was seen as a lagging country compared to other European countries in terms of family policy . Family policy in Iceland had been long ignored by its policy makers . Not until 1994 when the United Nations celebrated the Year of Family . After the recognition of the importance of family by the United Nations , Iceland 's parliament sought to establish a resolution to the concept of family policy that was gaining greater political attention in Iceland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9553e57c413080f654b836a948f6c5a", "text": "Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir ( Icelandic : Guðríður víðförla Þorbjarnardóttir ) was a Norse explorer , born around the year 980 at Laugarbrekka in Snæfellsnes , Iceland . She appears in the Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders , known collectively as the Vinland sagas . She and her husband Þorfinnur Karlsefni , led an expedition to Vinland where they begat their son Snorri Þorfinnsson , the first European born in the Americas outside of Greenland . In Iceland , Gudrid is known by her byname víðförla ( lit . wide-fared or far-travelled ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61a3dbdcb65eacd3ceb86fb54913dfe0", "text": "National Archives of Iceland The National Archives of Iceland is the national archive of Iceland , located in Reykjavík . Founded in April 1882 by the Danish appointed governor ( landshøvding ) of Iceland , Hilmar Finsen . The National Archives of Iceland ( NAI ) drew its material mainly from governmental archives . At first , it was located in the attic of the Reykjavík Cathedral . The National Library of Iceland and the National Museum of Iceland had been moved from the loft of the Cathedral to the new Parliament Building ( Alþingishús ) , and the governor took this opportunity to use the Cathedral loft for the new archives , so bringing together the archive materials that had accumulated in various government departments and providing them with better facilities for preservation . The archives have moved to new premises three times since : first to the Alþingishús in 1900 , then to the new Archives and Library building on Hverfisgata ( Safnahúsið ) in 1908 and finally to their present location at Laugavegur 162 in 1987-98 . Over the past 130 years both the size and the facilities of the archives have increased immensely . Initially there was no special staff , the various departments was simply in charge of their own materials on the Cathedral loft without any coordination . The first national archivist was Jón Þorkelsson , who was appointed in 1900 . The present staff numbers over 25 people , and the materials , comprising sources on Icelandic history from the era of the sagas in the 12th century to the present day , now occupy more than 40,000 metres of shelf space . These materials play a key role in historical research , as records of the rights and duties of individuals and society throughout the history of Iceland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13d9473382a808c8c290e2fd82ac28d3", "text": "Economy of Iceland The economy of Iceland is small and subject to high volatility . In 2011 , gross domestic product was US$ 12.3 bn . With a population of 321,000 , this is $ 38,000 per capita , based on purchasing power parity ( PPP ) estimates . The financial crisis of 2007 -- 2010 produced a decline in GDP and employment , although the magnitude of this decline remains to be determined . Iceland has a mixed economy with high levels of free trade and government intervention . However , government consumption is less than other Nordic countries . Geothermal power is the primary source of home and industrial energy in Iceland . In the 1990s Iceland undertook extensive free market reforms , which initially produced strong economic growth . As a result , Iceland was rated as having one of the world 's highest levels of economic freedom as well as civil freedoms . In 2007 , Iceland topped the list of nations ranked by Human Development Index and was one of the most egalitarian , according to the calculation provided by the Gini coefficient . From 2006 onwards , the economy faced problems of growing inflation and current account deficits . Partly in response , and partly as a result of earlier reforms , the financial system expanded rapidly before collapsing entirely in a sweeping financial crisis . Iceland had to obtain emergency funding from the International Monetary Fund and a range of European countries in November 2008 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d2b4be56c62ae3a0efd02fbf7cd4a27c
Radioactive was only nominated for Record of the Month.
[ { "docid": "b79202406ed10989cabeb75a3437a182", "text": "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) `` Radioactive '' is a song by American rock band Imagine Dragons for their major-label debut EP Continued Silence and later on their debut studio album , Night Visions ( 2012 ) , as the opening track . `` Radioactive '' was first sent to modern rock radio on October 29 , 2012 , and released to contemporary radio on April 9 , 2013 . Musically , `` Radioactive '' is an electronic rock and alternative rock song with elements of dubstep and contains cryptic lyrics about apocalyptic and revolutionist themes . The song received positive reviews from critics , who praised the production , lyrics , and vocals , calling it a highlight on the album . Due to heavy rotation on various commercials and trailers , the song became a sleeper hit , peaking at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and becoming the band 's first top 10 single as well as being the third best selling song in that country . It also broke the record for slowest ascension to the top 5 in chart history and currently holds the record for most weeks spent on the Billboard Hot 100 at 87 weeks . The song has also reached number one in Sweden and in the top 20 in several countries including Australia , Canada , New Zealand and the United Kingdom , becoming Imagine Dragons ' most successful single to date . It has since been certified ten times platinum in the USA , making it the one of the best selling singles of all time . `` Radioactive '' received two Grammy Awards nominations for Record of the Year and Best Rock Performance , winning the latter . This was Imagine Dragons ' first time being nominated . During the broadcast , they presented a remix of the song with their Interscope label-mate , rapper Kendrick Lamar . The remix was later released for purchase on iTunes .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "c27330c834e4a579a23861e34f80a2d9", "text": "Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission ( SF ) is a form of radioactive decay that is found only in very heavy chemical elements . The nuclear binding energy of the elements reaches its maximum at an atomic mass number of about 58 ; spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and a few isolated nuclear particles becomes possible at greater atomic mass numbers . Because of constraints in forming the daughter fission-product nuclei , spontaneous fission into known nuclides becomes theoretically possible ( that is , energetically possible ) for some atomic nuclei with atomic masses greater than 92 atomic mass units ( amu ) , with the probability of spontaneous fission increasing as the atomic mass increases above this value .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6879ab983d944a521b0423c1287bf2a4", "text": "In It to Win It (Saliva album) In It to Win It is the eighth studio album by American rock band Saliva . It is the first album to feature singer Bobby Amaru , after Josey Scott left the band in 2012 . The album was temporarily released via Rum Bum Records on September 3 , 2013 . The album is no longer available for purchase as the band rereleased the album as `` Rise Up '' features all of its songs except `` Animal '' , `` Flesh '' , and `` I.D.N.A.E '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b8de4fe2da7007bf2e9dc491c4edd20", "text": "NME Albums and Tracks of the Year, 2012 The NME Album of the Year & Single Of The Year was announced on 20 November 2012 . It was the 39th countdown of the most popular albums and tracks of the year , as chosen by music reviewers and independent journalists who work for the magazine and for NME.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9138f4341f736ebac4144399ba236f3d", "text": "Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy Fallout : An American Nuclear Tragedy is a 1989 book by Philip L. Fradkin which was republished in a second edition in 2004 . The book is about the radiation exposure of people and their livestock living downwind from the nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site in the 1950s . The case of Irene Allen et al. vs. the United States is used as a framework for the narrative . The court case `` resulted in an award of $ 2.66 million in damages to eight persons with leukemia , one with thyroid cancer , and another with breast cancer '' . Philip Fradkin is an American environmentalist historian , journalist and author . Fradkin shared a Pulitzer Prize awarded to the metropolitan staff of the Los Angeles Times for coverage of the Watts riots in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532b8d92510feeff72678b5f7b0ae887", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance was an award presented at the 2012 and 2013 Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it was designed for solo , duo/groups or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) hard rock or metal recordings and was limited to singles or tracks only . The award was first presented in 2012 , after a major restructuring of Grammy categories . It combined the previous categories Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Metal Performance . The restructuring was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . However , the Recording Academy announced in June 2013 that the category would split in 2014 , returning the Best Metal Performance category and recognizing quality hard rock performances in the Best Rock Performance category . According to the Academy , `` it was determined that metal has a very distinctive sound , and hard rock more closely aligns with rock and can exist comfortably as one end of the rock spectrum . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f5802d7b33bad281581b2e7047805db", "text": "Atomic (song) `` Atomic '' is a hit song by the American new wave band Blondie , written by Debbie Harry and Jimmy Destri and produced by Mike Chapman . It was released as the third single from the band 's Platinum-selling 1979 album Eat to the Beat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4164bf7b0830f56f7508e3727a4be676", "text": "Radio Activa RadioActiva ( in English : RadioActive ) is a Chilean radio station located at 92.5 MHz of the FM dial in Santiago de Chile . It also transmits for all the country in its network of repeaters , in the channel 660 ( with D-Box ) of the cable operator VTR and via internet in the rest of the country and the world ; Also has its application for mobile devices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31eeacd1bd9fc7c5f991d1e2fd085f7b", "text": "¡Dos! ¡ Dos ! is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day . The album was released on November 9 , 2012 in Australia , November 12 in the United Kingdom and on November 13 in the United States through Reprise Records . It is the second installment in the ¡ Uno ! ¡ Dos ! ¡ Tré ! trilogy . Following its predecessor 's power pop style , ¡ Dos ! was billed as Green Day 's take on garage rock . The album garnered the highest average reviews of all three trilogy albums , receiving generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its dynamic style and catchy songs ; others found its music dull and observed filler on the album . It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 69,000 copies in the United States , a low for the band , becoming their first album since signing to a major record label to not sell 100,000 records in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "671f4b108f4ba135cf9480e84534d2f5", "text": "Nothing Gold Can Stay (album) Nothing Gold Can Stay is the debut studio album by American rock band New Found Glory , released on October 19 , 1999 through independent record label Eulogy Recordings . At the time , the band was then named `` A New Found Glory '' , but later dropped the indefinite article `` A '' due to some fans struggling to find their records in stores . The original pressings of the album contained samplings from several films including The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Weird Science ( 1985 ) , and That Thing You Do ! ( 1996 ) , as well as Robert Frost 's poem `` Nothing Gold Can Stay '' , after which the album is named . On the strength of the release , Richard Reines , co-founder of Drive-Thru Records , signed the band after paying Eulogy a $ 5,000 license fee in order to re-release the album . Propelled by debut single `` Hit or Miss '' , Nothing Gold Can Stay garnered a cult following and sold in excess of 300,000 copies . The record was responsible for breaking the band in the United States and has been noted for its influence on contemporary pop punk music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf6d1973b50ca88764a64b9049fd1ca6", "text": "Transuranic waste Transuranic waste ( TRU ) is , as stated by U.S. regulations and independent of state or origin , waste which has been contaminated with alpha emitting transuranic radionuclides possessing half-lives greater than 20 years and in concentrations greater than 100 nCi/g ( 3.7 MBq/kg ) . Elements having atomic numbers greater than that of uranium are called transuranic . Elements within TRU are typically man-made and are known to contain americium-241 and several isotopes of plutonium . Because of the elements ' longer half-lives , TRU is disposed of more cautiously than low level waste and intermediate level waste . In the U.S. it is a byproduct of weapons production , nuclear research and power production , and consists of protective gear , tools , residue , debris and other items contaminated with small amounts of radioactive elements ( mainly plutonium ) . Under U.S. law , TRU is further categorized into `` contact-handled '' ( CH ) and `` remote-handled '' ( RH ) on the basis of the radiation field measured on the waste container 's surface . CH TRU has a surface dose rate not greater than 2 mSv per hour ( 200 mrem/h ) , whereas RH TRU has rates of 2 mSv/h or higher . CH TRU has neither the high radioactivity of high level waste , nor its high heat generation . In contrast , RH TRU can be highly radioactive , with surface dose rates up to 10 Sv/h ( 1000 rem/h ) . The United States currently permanently disposes of TRU generated from defense nuclear activities at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant , a deep geologic repository . Other countries do not include this category , favoring variations of High , Medium/Intermediate , and Low Level waste . Chemical elements contains 11 transuranic actinide elements , with atomic numbers ranging from 93 to 103 . An element is defined by its atomic number , the number of protons in the atomic nucleus . Nuclei with the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons are isotopes of the same element . The number of possible isotopes that have been attested in the laboratory is listed in the table shown for each element . The mass number of an isotope is the total number of protons and neutrons . All of the transuranic actinides are unstable . For any element , the most stable isotope is the one with the longest half-life , or time until half of the original amount present decays . The possible decay modes of the most stable isotope include Alpha particle emission , which drops the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4 ; Spontaneous Fission ( SF ) , in which the nucleus breaks into several fragments ; Beta particle emission , which increases the atomic number by 1 but leaves the mass number unchanged ; and Electron Capture ( EC ) , which decreases the atomic number by 1 but leaves the mass number unchanged .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69fbf2b7f1d6bc7402c2ec500d74cf9a", "text": "The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton . Released in the United States on April 25 , 2000 by LaFace Records , the album marked Braxton 's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound . Most of the songs ( including the nearly instrumental `` The Art of Love '' ) were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis ( a former member of Mint Condition ) , two ballads were penned by Diane Warren , and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa `` Left Eye '' Lopes . The Heat opened at number two on the Billboard 200 chart selling 194,448 units in its first week . It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on October 13 , 2000 , with sales of over 2.2 million copies within the U.S. Additionally , the album was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards , while lead single `` He Was n't Man Enough '' won for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and was nominated for Best R&B Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f076c7162615953d145e0dd44728a40a", "text": "This Is the End of Control This Is the End of Control is the debut studio album by American rock band Hey Violet , then known as Cherri Bomb . It was released on May 15 , 2012 by Hollywood Records . Prior to the album 's release , the song `` Shake the Ground '' was featured on the The Avengers soundtrack . The album features the song `` Let It Go '' from the 2011 EP Stark . The album peaked at 24 on Billboards Top Hard Rock Albums and at 11 on Top Heatseekers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4351ff3fc21ca5289b864e4a987c7a0", "text": "Hard NRG Hard NRG , NRG , Nu NRG , Filthy Hard House , or more recently just Filth , is an electronic music genre similar in structure ( with regard to sequencing & programming ) to UK hard house . The main difference is in the musical/thematic content of each style . Where UK hard house has uplifting , playfully fun and tough elements , NRG is ominous , dark , aggressive and relentless with its distressed , menacing and gritty sounds on a slightly faster BPM ( 155 -- 165 average ) than UK hard house ( 150 -- 155 average ) . In regard to the mechanics of the scene , many of the labels have made a shift from purely vinyl releases to CD single releases and digital downloads . Record labels which produce the genre include Vicious Circle , Flashpoint , Tidy Trax , Kaktai , Tonka Trax , Tinrib Digital , Noir Records and Noir Digital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dde53b1e953e1fc72e83a63861d73f28", "text": "Dirty Sexy Knights in Paris Dirty Sexy Knights in Paris is the only major label album by alternative rock band Audiovent . It was released in 2002 on Atlantic Records . The album had two singles , `` The Energy '' and `` Looking Down '' . Audiovent toured with Saliva and Theory of a Deadman in promotion of the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2872269620d377fd7630822d4c9e53fb", "text": "Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop/Rock Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop/Rock Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards , a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally . It is one of the new categories added for the Latin Grammy Awards of 2012 In 2014 , Somos by Jarabe de Palo was the first album to be nominated for this award and for Album of the Year . In 2016 , Algo Sucede by Julieta Venegas was nominated for this award and for Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f000aef350b4bf2801140062e54acaa7", "text": "Your Friend, The Atom Your Friend , The Atom is the second studio album by Scottish indie rock band We Are The Physics . It was released on 22 October 2012 in the UK , and on 30 October 2012 in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c71a5496dd5914e48fcdb99e2f9f4eb", "text": "Diamond Mine (King Creosote & Jon Hopkins album) Diamond Mine is a collaborative studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter King Creosote and English electronica musician Jon Hopkins , released on 28 March 2011 through Domino Records . Inspired by the East Neuk of Fife , the album combines Creosote 's songs with field recordings by Hopkins . Upon release , Creosote stated : `` I really do n't know what to do next , because , in some ways , I 'm at that peak . I do n't know where to go from here . '' The album was subsequently followed by the EP , Honest Words in September 2011 , and the double a-side single , `` John Taylor 's Month Away '' / `` Missionary '' in February 2012 . Diamond Mine was nominated for the 2011 Mercury Prize , with Creosote noting , `` I was n't expecting it at all . -LSB- ... -RSB- There 's been a lot of people in the media nailing their colours to the mast with this record , and that 's quite encouraging -- to know that we 've got supporters , and a lot of them . I 'm not expecting to win , but just to be on that list . This is something I 've been on the outside of forever , and now here we are . It 's all good . It makes up for not selling records , anyway ! '' The album sold 25,000 copies in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9525137c39fc8b3162fed8574101c32", "text": "Pure Mint Recordings Pure Mint Recordings is a British independent record label based in London . The label was established in 2004 by Anthony Hall ( a dual qualified English and New York lawyer and musician ) together with Dashal Beevers , growing out of an earlier incarnation called Mint Source Recordings . In 2003 Mint Source released the critically acclaimed compilation Flowers in the Attic featuring some of Nottingham 's rising stars of deep house , including Crazy Penis , Bent -- with their remix of the Hall & Oates classic `` I Ca n't Go For That '' ( which Bent chose to finish their Big Chill set with in 2004 ) , Zoe Johnston ( who has written and performed with Faithless ) , Oz from The DiY Sound System , Heavy Deviance and Neon Heights amongst others . The label has found supporters worldwide for its eclectic catalogue and has licensed repertoire to Norman Jay ( Giant 45 ) -RSB- , Carl Cox in Australia , Junior Vasquez , Fabric -- Fabric Live 17 ( mixed by AIM ) , Mastercuts ( CUTSCD-58 Mastercuts Chilled ) , Aquasky and others . Releases include T-Total 's version of Brian Eno 's `` Baby 's on Fire '' -- with guest ` featured vocals ' from Soft Cell 's Marc Almond -- and the debut long player `` A Slow Walk Down The Stairs '' from Heavy Deviance , themselves favourites of Chris Coco , Mark Rae , Rob Da Bank , KCRW ( LA ) , -LSB- Laurent Garnier , Bent , Crazy Penis etc. . A Slow Walk Down The Stairs was voted 16th best album of 2005 by M8 Magazine . The label has moved away from its originally exclusive dance release-base to include electropop ( T-Total ft Marc Almond ) , indie folk ( Nigel of Bermondsey ex Gay Dad -- nominated for the XFM 2009 New Music Award ) , rock ( Hungary 's FreshFabrik ) , indie-dance ( Elevator Suite ) , political satire ( Margo Guryan 's 16 Words ) and breaks ( Michael Morph ) , with collaborations and artist releases from Long Range ( Phil Hartnoll from Orbital and Nick Smith -RSB- ) , Yo Majesty , Aquasky , Alex Metric and others . As of November 2009 , the label 's catalogue comprises approximately 25 releases ( singles , 12 inch vinyls and LPs ) On 4 December 2009 Hall resigned from the BPI Rights Committee and the IFPI 's International Legal Committees citing irreconcilable differences over the industry 's approach to file sharing and their support of the draft Digital Economy Bill ( DEB ) going through the UK parliament at the time . He was quoted as saying : I am particularly surprised that the record industry has chosen to endorse s. 17 of the DEB , which I consider is wholly undemocratic and contrary to centuries of good practice regarding the forming of our copyright legislation . I also believe it may set a dangerous precedent going forwards ( and could come back to haunt the industry )", "title": "" } ]
fever
5a710839d40c1f1e298412bc37b8a964
Count Basie formed at least one orchestra.
[ { "docid": "7c40a58aa3e40c2e865fa9cb6ba443f8", "text": "Count Basie William James `` Count '' Basie ( August 21 , 1904 -- April 26 , 1984 ) was an American jazz pianist , organist , bandleader , and composer . His mother taught him to play the piano and he started performing in his teens . Dropping out of school , he learned to operate lights for vaudeville and to improvise accompaniment for silent films at a local movie theater in his home town of Red Bank , New Jersey . By age 16 , he increasingly played jazz piano at parties , resorts and other venues . In 1924 , he went to Harlem , where his performing career expanded ; he toured with groups to the major jazz cities of Chicago , St. Louis and Kansas City . In 1929 he joined Bennie Moten 's band in Kansas City , and played with them until Moten 's death in 1935 . In 1935 , Basie formed his own jazz orchestra , the Count Basie Orchestra , and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording . He led the group for almost 50 years , creating innovations like the use of two `` split '' tenor saxophones , emphasizing the rhythm section , riffing with a big band , using arrangers to broaden their sound , and others . Many musicians came to prominence under his direction , including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans , the guitarist Freddie Green , trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry `` Sweets '' Edison and singers Jimmy Rushing and Joe Williams .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "31635a43af9d4c247ef30ccd817fa641", "text": "World Saxophone Quartet The World Saxophone Quartet is a jazz ensemble founded in 1977 , incorporating elements of free funk and African jazz into their music . The original members were Julius Hemphill ( alto and soprano saxophone , flute ) , Oliver Lake ( alto and soprano saxophone ) , Hamiet Bluiett ( baritone saxophone , alto clarinet ) , and David Murray ( tenor saxophone , bass clarinet ) . The first three had worked together as members of the Black Artists ' Group in St. Louis , Missouri . In 1989 , Hemphill left the group due to illness , and several saxophonists have filled his chair in the years since . In the late 1980s the quartet used Bluiett 's composition `` Hattie Wall '' ( recorded on W.S.Q. , Live in Zurich , Dances and Ballads and Steppenwolf ) as a signature theme for the group . The group principally recorded and performed as a saxophone quartet , usually with a lineup of two altos , tenor , and baritone ( reflecting the composition of a classical string quartet ) , but were also joined occasionally by drummers , bassists , and other musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1963f855f81198597c31877bce9adec", "text": "The Missourians (band) The Missourians were an American jazz band active in the 1920s , who performed at the Cotton Club in New York City and eventually became the backing band for Cab Calloway . The Missourians were formed by Wilson Robinson in the early 1920s under the name Wilson Robinson 's Syncopators or Wilson Robinson 's Bostonians . Andrew Preer took leadership of the group in 1925 , which performed at the Cotton Club until 1927 under the name Andrew Preer 's Cotton Club Orchestra . In 1927 the group became the accompanying band for Ethel Waters on tour , and changed its name to The Missourians , since Duke Ellington 's band had become known as the Cotton Club Orchestra . After returning to New York the band took up residency at the Savoy Ballroom from 1928 to 1929 ; reedist George Scott was its leader during this period . In 1929 Cab Calloway led the group intermittently , and assumed leadership of the band in 1930 ; soon after he began recording as Cab Calloway and His Orchestra . Prior to Calloway 's arrival , the group recorded for Gennett Records and Victor Records . The group 's membership in the 1920s included Lammar Wright , Sr. , R.Q. Dickerson , Dewey Jackson , William Thornton Blue , David Jones , Earres Prince , and Andrew Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff07402888d97ad71f563399e6738499", "text": "Youth orchestra A youth orchestra is an orchestra made of young musicians , typically ranging from pre-teens or teenagers to those in their mid-20s . Because young children do not usually start playing double bass until a later age than those playing the smaller instruments , double bass players in youth orchestras tend to be in the early to mid-20s . The typical youth orchestra involves members from across an entire city or town . In some cases , there are national youth orchestras , which consist of the best young musicians in a country , as determined by auditions . More rarely , there may even be international youth orchestras . Youth orchestras are led by an adult conductor who is often a music teacher or orchestral musician . In addition to leading the rehearsals and performances , the conductor teaches orchestral playing techniques , performance practice and music ensemble skills to the children and youth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d58ae340f2c1163da318563132bbb64", "text": "Bastien und Bastienne Bastien und Bastienne ( Bastien and Bastienne ) , K. 50 ( revised in 1964 to K. 46b ) is a one-act singspiel , a comic opera , by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Bastien und Bastienne was one of Mozart 's earliest operas , written in 1768 when he was only twelve years old . It was allegedly commissioned by Viennese physician and ` magnetist ' Dr. Franz Mesmer ( who himself would later be parodied in Così fan tutte ) as a satire of the ` pastoral ' genre then prevalent , and specifically as a parody of the opera Le devin du village by Jean-Jacques Rousseau . The German libretto is by Friedrich Wilhelm Weiskern , and Johann Andreas Schachtner , based on Les Amours de Bastien et Bastienne by Justine Favart and Harny de Guerville . After its supposed premiere in Mesmer 's garden theater ( that is only corroborated by an unverified account of Nissen ) , it was not revived again until 1890 . It is not clear whether this piece was performed in Mozart 's lifetime . The first known performance was on 2 October 1890 at Architektenhaus in Berlin . The opera is written in both French and German manners . Many of the melodies are French in manner , but Bastienne 's first aria is true German lied . This melody is also used in Mozart 's Trio in G for Piano , Violin and Violoncello , K. 564 ( 1788 ) . Another purely German lied is Bastienne 's aria `` I feel certain of his heart '' . Mozart utilizes the orchestra sparingly , with the exception of the reconciliation scene . Mozart 's overture uses the same opening theme as Beethoven 's Symphony No. 3 , the Eroica . It is doubtful that Beethoven was familiar with this then unpublished piece . A likely explanation is that both composers took the theme from another unknown source . Although he was very young , Mozart already had excellent vocal writing skills and a knack for parody and whimsy which would reach full flower in his later works . Bastien und Bastienne is possibly the easiest to perform of Mozart 's juvenile works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a2e0419c7e485db8231b8366684e334", "text": "Swing Symphony `` Swing Symphony '' is a group of musical 14 cartoon shorts , created in 1941 till 1945 , which often featured top boogie-woogie musicians . Directed by the Swing Symphony cartoons are a more contemporary pastiche on Disney 's Silly Symphonies . Some of those short include the characters Woody Woodpecker and Andy Panda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d05ce5a9be29373d34896ac9bdd1da04", "text": "Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John . In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News . Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "898078813aa5894ab802fa60b327f540", "text": "Horn section A horn section is a group of musicians playing horns . In an orchestra or concert band , it refers to the musicians who play the `` French '' horn , and in a British-style brass band it is the tenor horn players . In many popular-music genres the term is applied loosely to any group of woodwind or brass instruments , or a combination of woodwinds and brass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eec4c35a4d6ce6e950bd68ee640a929", "text": "Southern Miss Symphony Orchestra The Symphony Orchestra at The University of Southern Mississippi is the oldest orchestra in Mississippi . Established in 1920 , it has been under the direction of music director Jay Dean since 1988 . The orchestra is part of the University of Southern Mississippi School of Music . The orchestra is a well-established band in the state and region and has performed with internationally known artists such as tenor Plácido Domingo ; violinist Itzhak Perlman ; cellist Yo-Yo Ma ; flutist Sir James Galway ; bassist Edgar Meyer ; trumpeter/conductor Doc Severinsen ; singer Ray Charles ; pianist John Browning ; flutist Jean-Pierre Rampal ; and soprano Denyce Graves . Guest conductors have included Leonard Slatkin and Louis Lane . The Symphony has more than 13 countries represented by its students . In addition to the musicians who comprise the performing ensembles , the symphony has one of the largest and most professionally designed collegiate orchestra staffs in the country . During the academic year , the orchestra rehearses four times a week and presents an average of eight public performances each season . These performances range from regular symphony concerts to children 's concerts , operas , ballets , and pops programs . The 80-member orchestra tours and performs concerts throughout the southeast United States . With its regularly sold-out seasons , the Southern Mississippi Symphony Orchestra is the most pulchritudinous orchestra in Mississippi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cbdabd9528613e860b7f64437ab24b0", "text": "Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong collaborations The collaborations between Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong have attracted much attention over the years . The artists were both widely known icons not just in the areas of big band , jazz , and swing music but across 20th century popular music in general . The two African-American musicians produced three official releases together in Ella and Louis ( 1956 ) , Ella and Louis Again ( 1957 ) , and Porgy and Bess ( 1959 ) . Each release earned both commercial and critical success . As well , tracks related to those albums have also appeared in various forms in multi-artist collections and other such records . In terms of touring performances , Fitzgerald once again teamed up with Armstrong , after the success of their first album , to hold a series of concerts at the Hollywood Bowl . The duo 's music proved popular with the live audiences . Two live tracks from those 1956 concerts would end up being released as album bonus material in the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37befb5669991d7174fc591abe1cd283", "text": "Kansas City 8: Get Together Kansas City 8 : Get Together is a 1979 studio album by Count Basie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd46b945ff0223eae0ed8c391c1f6dd", "text": "Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts The Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts , INC. ( PCC ) is an American trade union . It was founded in 1966 by members of Musicians ' Protective Union Local # 274 , American Federation of Musicians ( A F of M ) . Local # 274 was chartered in 1935 as a separate Black local because Black musicians were denied membership in the racially segregated Local # 77 . Local # 274 enjoyed its autonomy for more than 36 years . It was the longest surviving independent Black Musicians ' Union in the United States , of the more than fifty chartered in major cities . Local # 274 and PCC 's social unit are integral parts of the history of JAZZ in Philadelphia . They evolved out of the struggle of Black musicians for political , economic , and cultural recognition during Philadelphia 's overt segregation period . Local # 274 's membership rolls included JAZZ greats like John Coltrane , Dizzy Gillespie , Shirley Scott , Lee Morgan , `` Philly '' Joe Jones , Grover Washington Jr. , the Heath Brothers , and Nina Simone to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cd6b1559016203b3a39448fd65b8e9", "text": "Louis Mitchell Louis A. Mitchell ( December 17 , 1885 -- September 2 , 1957 ) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader . Mitchell began performing in vaudeville revues and minstrel shows from around the turn of the century , playing drums and bandoline . After moving to New York City in 1912 , he founded his own group , the Southern Symphonists ' Quartet . Mitchell sang and drummed for James Reese Europe in 1918 , and the following year founded a new group , which he called Louis Mitchell 's Jazz Kings . Toward the end of the decade , Mitchell began touring Europe as well as the United States , concentrating on the United Kingdom and France . He did solo percussion shows in addition to ensemble programs , and his drum solos were greeted harshly by French audiences . Nevertheless , his ensemble spent five years as the house band of the Casino de Paris . He recorded for Pathe Records in 1922 and 1923 ; Sidney Bechet played with him at this time , though Bechet did not appear on the recordings . Mitchell remained in France into the 1940s , branching into casino , restaurant and nightclub management in addition to music . He moved back to the United States after World War II , but played little in his last decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02832f4555d7e74eff8d4c8f67131878", "text": "Papa Jack Laine George Vital `` Papa Jack '' Laine ( September 21 , 1873 -- June 1 , 1966 ) was an American musician and a pioneering band leader in New Orleans in the years from the Spanish -- American War to World War I . He was often credited for training many musicians which would later become successful in jazz music . His Marching band was named Reliance Brass Band and it was the first to fuse European , African and Latin music together . The earliest jazz musicians can be traced back to playing within the Reliance Brass Band or being influenced from those who had . Many of the New Orleans musicians who first spread jazz around the United States in the 1910s and 1920s got their start in Laines marching band , including the members of the Original Dixieland Jass Band . Laine was a drummer , but was more noted for his skills at arranging and booking bands . Laine 's musicians included individuals from most of New Orleans ' many ethnic groups such as African American , English , French , German , Irish , Italian , Jewish , Latin American , Scottish , etc. . He started leading bands in 1885 before the Jim Crow laws went into effect in New Orleans . Due to the diverse background of many of his bands members such as their cultural background , socioeconomic status , age variations from young to old as well as musical experience ( some having none at all ) a broad range of ideas were developed and fused together leading to the early beginnings of jazz music . Even after segregation laws started demanding `` whites '' and `` colored '' be kept separate , Laine continued to hire light - and medium light-skinned African-American musicians , claiming that they were `` Cuban '' or `` Mexican '' if any segregationist tried to start trouble . As such his band attracted a large and diverse group of people such as Mexican clarinetist Lorenzo Tio , Sr. , a pioneer of the jazz solo . Laine believed music brought people together . Laine retired from the music booking business by 1920 , but he was interviewed a number of times , providing first hand accounts of the early days of the development of New Orleans jazz . He had hired well over 100 musicians to play in his bands , including the following :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "634667b4c71ffcf44d8eba92fac76b87", "text": "Bill Challis William H. `` Bill '' Challis ( Jul 8 , 1904 , Wilkes-Barre , Pennsylvania - October 4 , 1994 , Harveys Lake , Pennsylvania ) was an American jazz arranger , best known for his association with the Paul Whiteman orchestra . Challis played piano and saxophone , and was a bandleader at Bucknell University in the early 1920s . He was hired by Jean Goldkette as an arranger in 1926 , and moved with Bix Beiderbecke to Paul Whiteman 's ensemble in 1927 . He wrote scores for Whiteman 's full band as well as smaller ensembles drawn from its ranks ( such as those led by Frank Trumbauer ) , and was in part responsible for Beiderbecke 's robust representation on Whiteman 's Victor Records releases in the late 1920s . Challis departed from Whiteman 's employ in 1930 and did contract arrangements for many major swing era bands , including the Casa Loma Orchestra , Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey , Lennie Hayton , Fletcher Henderson , Artie Shaw , and Frank Trumbauer . He also arranged for radio broadcasts . Later in his career he arranged for popular singers and ensembles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "221220f86b5014cddfdefe120fa905f4", "text": "Mostly Blues...and Some Others Mostly Blues ... and Some Others is a 1983 studio album by Count Basie . This was his last recording and last album before he died in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1874ca139eb9493029c115f92dab2ef1", "text": "Louis Armstrong discography Louis Armstrong ( 1901 -- 1971 ) , nicknamed Satchmo or Pops , was an American trumpeter , composer , singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz . His career spanned five decades , from the 1920s to the 1960s , and different eras in jazz . Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an `` inventive '' trumpet and cornet player , Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz , shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance . With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice , Armstrong was also an influential singer , demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser , bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes . He was also skilled at scat singing . Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing , Armstrong 's influence extends well beyond jazz music , and by the end of his career in the 1960s , he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general . Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to `` cross over '' , whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided . He rarely publicly politicized his race , often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans , but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis . His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a28b03546b91798c72b7c13ab1db671", "text": "Benjamin Klasmer Benjamin Klasmer was a professional violinist and composer notable for his contributions to the musical culture of 20th century Baltimore , Maryland . Born in Horondenka , Austria in 1891 , Klasmer moved to the United States in 1909 after receiving considerable classical training as a violinist from several notable composers . Settling first in New York City , where he played with the German Musical Comedy Theater , Klasmer moved to Richmond , VA , in 1913 to play in the Bijou Theater Orchestra there . During his years in Richmond , he was the first conductor of the Young Men 's Hebrew Association Orchestra . In 1916 he moved to Baltimore where he spent the remainder of his career . Once established in Baltimore , Klasmer assisted the conductor , Gustav Strube in founding the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra , where he played in the violin section for many years . He also began performing and conducting for several local pit orchestras , most notably as the conductor of the pit orchestra at the Hippodrome Theatre , Baltimore . The orchestras he conducted at various Baltimore theaters , including the New Theater , the Garden Theater , the Rivoli , and the Hippodrome , furnished musical accompaniment to silent movies and to vaudeville acts . It was with the revival of vaudeville at the Hippodrome Theater on August 28 , 1931 , that Klasmer began his tenure there , which lasted until he died of a heart attack at the theater in 1949 . One of Klasmer 's proudest legacies , however , was as the conductor of the youth orchestra at Baltimore 's Jewish Educational Alliance ( J.E.A. ) , which he founded with Emile Clarke in 1919 . After a few years under Klasmer 's tutelage , the twenty-seven member youth orchestra had grown into the J.E.A. Symphony Orchestra with eighty musicians , and was regarded as the finest amateur orchestra on the East Coast of the United States . The Baltimore Sun frequently praised the orchestra for both development and quality of performance , and the Beethoven-laden seasons of new music appeared frequently in the newspaper . Throughout the Great Depression Klasmer found work as a musician and conductor , but after , as orchestras began to disappear from movie houses and vaudeville declined as a popular form of entertainment , Klasmer continued to perform at the Hippodrome as part of a two-person comedy/music act and to write music for local ventures . Klasmer composed a variety of music , largely for the violin , as well as a number of popular songs . His most famous work was the official theme song of the Baltimore Colts football team , which he co-wrote with Jo Lombardi in 1947 . The name , `` Klasmer , '' means `` musician '' in Yiddish . ( see klezmer )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fae243ba459f8809b18657a9a0f1711", "text": "Frank Szabo Frank J. Szabo ( born September 16 , 1952 ) is an Hungarian-American trumpeter . Szabo was born in Budapest but fled with his family to the United States after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . After his family settled in Los Angeles , he studied trumpet with Tom Scott from age ten . He was a member of Harry James 's band in 1970-1971 and toured with Ray Charles worldwide in 1971 . He was active as a studio musician from the 1970s into the 2000s , playing for film soundtracks , for television , and for record labels . As a jazz musician , he toured with Count Basie in 1975 and again in 1983 , and also worked with Louie Bellson , the Capp-Pierce Juggernaut , Harry Edison , Teddy Edwards , Gene Harris , Woody Herman , Bill Holman , Chuck Mangione , Don Menza , Grover Mitchell , Roger Neumann , Buddy Rich , Charlie Shoemake , Sarah Vaughan , and Gerald Wilson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54c8a76880e814fd6940eb79cde55bfe", "text": "1950s in jazz By the end of the 1940s , the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness , with the sounds of cool jazz , which favoured long , linear melodic lines . It emerged in New York City , as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians , and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s . The starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis , collected and released first on a ten-inch and later a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool . Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker , Dave Brubeck , Bill Evans , Gil Evans , Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a `` lighter '' sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop . Cool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene , but also had a particular resonance in Europe , especially Scandinavia , with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg . The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano , and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova , modal jazz , and even free jazz . See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail . Hard bop , an extension of bebop ( or `` bop '' ) music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues , gospel music , and blues , especially in the saxophone and piano playing , developed in the mid-1950s , partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s . The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954 , paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues . Miles Davis ' performance of `` Walkin ' '' the title track of his album of the same year , at the very first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954 , announced the style to the jazz world . The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers , fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown , were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis . ( See also List of Hard bop musicians ) Modal jazz recordings , such as Miles Davis 's Kind of Blue , became popular in the late 1950s . Popular modal standards include Davis 's `` All Blues '' and `` So What '' ( both 1959 ) , John Coltrane 's `` Impressions '' ( 1963 ) and Herbie Hancock 's `` Maiden Voyage '' ( 1965 ) . Later , Davis 's `` second great quintet '' , which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock , recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s . Standards from these sessions include Shorter 's `` Footprints '' ( 1966 ) and Eddie Harris 's `` Freedom Jazz Dance '' ( 1966 ) . In Brazil , a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s . The free jazz movement , coming to prominence in the late 1950s , spawned very few standards . Free jazz 's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles . However , `` Lonely Woman '' ( 1959 ) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman , is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz , having been recorded by dozens of notable performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d38a6021b0370c0252f815fde3ae4c4", "text": "Money Johnson Harold `` Money '' Johnson ( February 23 , 1918 , Tyler , Texas - March 28 , 1978 , New York City ) was an American jazz trumpeter . Johnson first played trumpet at age 15 . He moved to Oklahoma City in 1936 and played with Charlie Christian and Henry Bridges before joining Nat Towles 's band . He played briefly with Horace Henderson and Bob Dorsey in the early 1940s before returning to Towles 's band in 1944 in Chicago . He also played with Count Basie , Cootie Williams , Lucky Millinder , and Bull Moose Jackson in the 1940s . His associations in the 1950s included Louis Jordan ( 1951 ) , Lucky Thompson ( 1953 ) , Sy Oliver , Buddy Johnson , Cozy Cole , Mercer Ellington , Little Esther ( 1956 ) , and Panama Francis ( for a tour of Montevideo , Uruguay in 1953 ) . In the 1960s Johnson played in the house band at the Apollo Theater in New York , and recorded with King Curtis in 1962 . He toured the USSR with Earl Hines in 1966 . From 1968 he played in the Duke Ellington Orchestra and also worked again with Hines and Oliver . He recorded with Buck Clayton in 1975 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
944e6506d6b7992708d3e47c3a4662fc
Constantine has plot elements taken from the "Dangerous Habits" story arc.
[ { "docid": "0259eda54044b23281b6c8f477e86e41", "text": "Constantine (film) Constantine is a 2005 American-German occult detective action horror film directed by Francis Lawrence as his feature film directorial debut , starring Keanu Reeves as John Constantine , with Rachel Weisz , Shia LaBeouf , Tilda Swinton , Pruitt Taylor Vince , and Djimon Hounsou . With a screenplay by Kevin Brodbin and Frank Cappello , the film is based on DC Comics ' Hellblazer comic book , with plot elements taken from the `` Dangerous Habits '' story arc ( issues # 4146 ) and the `` Original Sins '' story arc . The character of John Constantine was introduced by comic book writer/creator Alan Moore while writing the Swamp Thing , first appearing there in June 1985 . In 1988 , the character of John Constantine was given his own comic book title , Hellblazer , published by DC Comics . The `` Dangerous Habits '' story arc was written by Garth Ennis in 1991 . The film portrays John Constantine as a cynic with the ability to perceive and communicate with half-angels and half-demons in their true form . He seeks salvation from eternal damnation in Hell for a suicide attempt in his youth . Constantine exorcises demons back to Hell to earn favor with Heaven but has become weary over time . With terminal lung cancer , he helps a troubled police detective learn the truth about her sister 's death while simultaneously unraveling a much larger and darker plot . Constantine was released in the United States and Canada on February 18 , 2005 and in Hong Kong on February 8 , 2005 . The film received mixed reviews and was a box office success , grossing $ 230.9 million worldwide from a $ 100 million budget .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "4b329a8562bb6be88d6231ea3715edd7", "text": "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on November 17 , 1996 . It was written by Glen Morgan , directed by James Wong , and featured the first guest appearance by Chris Owens , appearing as a younger Smoking Man . `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.7 , being watched by 17.09 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Lone Gunman Melvin Frohike ( Tom Braidwood ) finds a tell-tale magazine story supposedly revealing the history of The Smoking Man ( William B. Davis ) . The episode illustrates his possible involvement in several historical events and assassinations , although the reliability of the source is unresolved at the end of the episode . Executive producer Frank Spotnitz later noted that , while parts of `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' may indeed be factual , the majority is not actual canon . The production of the episode did not require extensive use of Duchovny and Anderson on screen . The former 's voice is only heard and the latter appears only in archival footage . Davis , who portrayed the title character , was pleased with the episode , although confused with some of the contradictions in the script . Although not directly furthering the series ' overarching mythology , the episode involves several of its events and characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61552b2a4742be1905cb10a59cb0b21d", "text": "Dark Side Club The Dark Side Club is a fictional underground club in DC Comics , coming to prominence in the Final Crisis limited series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78ad6acd3d9dad54b996d5eaa9c711e5", "text": "United States v. Constantine United States v. Constantine , 296 U.S. 287 ( 1935 ) was a case before the United States Supreme Court that concerned liquor laws and taxation . Congress placed a tax on liquor dealers who violate state liquor laws . The Court struck down the relevant portion of the Revenue Act of 1926 as an attempt to punish a state violation through taxation . National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius referenced the logic in this decision to determine whether the Affordable Care Act was a penalty or tax in terms of the Constitution . The Court held that it was a tax by '' -LSB- d -RSB- isregarding the designation of the exaction , and viewing its substance and application . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "684282d38a143da3155f207769feafe8", "text": "Augustan History The Augustan History ( Latin : Historia Augusta ) is a late Roman collection of biographies , written in Latin , of the Roman Emperors , their junior colleagues , designated heirs and usurpers of the period 117 to 284 . Supposedly modeled on the similar work of Suetonius , The Twelve Caesars , it presents itself as a compilation of works by six different authors ( collectively known as the Scriptores Historiae Augustae ) , written during the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine I and addressed to those emperors or other important personages in Rome . The collection , as extant , comprises thirty biographies , most of which contain the life of a single emperor , while some include a group of two or more , grouped together merely because these emperors were either similar or contemporaneous . However , the true authorship of the work , its actual date , and its purpose , have long been matters for controversy amongst historians and scholars , ever since Hermann Dessau in 1889 rejected both the date and the authorship as stated within the manuscript . Major problems include the nature of the sources it used , and how much of the content is pure fiction . For instance , the collection contains in all about 150 alleged documents , including 68 letters , 60 speeches and proposals to the people or the senate , and 20 senatorial decrees and acclamations . Virtually all of these are now considered to be fraudulent . By the second decade of the 21st century , the overall consensus supported the position that there was only a single author who was writing either at the end of the 4th century or the beginning of the 5th century , and who was interested in blending contemporary issues ( political , religious and social ) into the lives of the 3rd century emperors . Further , that the author used the fictitious elements in the work to highlight references to other published works , such as to Cicero and Ammianus Marcellinus in a complex allegorical game . Despite these conundrums , it is the only continuous account in Latin for much of its period and is thus continually being re-evaluated , since modern historians are unwilling to abandon it as a unique source of possible information , despite its obvious untrustworthiness on many levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3b95926b91d2ea8b659e788b0e9a3f", "text": "Dark Circle The Dark Circle is a fictional criminal organization in that appears in comic books from DC Comics , primarily part of the Legion of Super-Heroes comic books . They first appeared in 1968 , created by Jim Shooter as a criminal organization founded by five members and populated by a multitude of clones of the original five members . The Dark Circle concept was later modified to consist of members from five core worlds instead of clones . A later version , after DC Comics rebooted their history , was led by Brainiac 4 and had several known Legion of Super-Heroes enemies among their ranks instead of the previous generic masked henchmen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "757a8ef4ff10e78e3811d4756a691244", "text": "The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond is G. K. Chesterton 's final collection of detective stories , published after his death in 1936 . Of the eight mysteries , seven were first printed in the Storyteller magazine . The Unmentionable Man was unique to the book . The stories revolve around a civil servant named Mr. Pond ( we are not told his first name ) . He is described as a very ordinary and fish-like man who has a habit of startling those who meet him with outrageous paradoxical statements . He seems unaware of the oddness of his remarks , and his friend Sir Hubert Wotton explains : `` he looks a very sedentary , scientific little cuss ... but he 's really had very extraordinary experiences . He does n't talk about them ; he does n't want to talk about them ... but when , in the course of talking in the abstract he comes on some concrete thing that he has actually done -- well , I can only say he crumples it up . He tries to crush it into a small space and it simply sounds contradictory . Almost every one of those crazy sentences simply stands for one of the adventures in what would be called by most people a very unadventurous life . '' Chesterton himself was well known for using paradox in his writings , but in one story he explains that his kind of paradox is different from Mr. Pond 's : Paradox has been defined as `` Truth standing on her head to get attention . '' Paradox has been defended ; on the ground that so many fashionable fallacies still stand firmly on their feet , because they have no heads to stand on . But it must be admitted that writers , like other mendicants and mountebanks , frequently do try to attract attention . They set out conspicuously , in a single line in a play , or at the head or tail of a paragraph , remarks of this challenging kind ; as when Mr. Bernard Shaw wrote : `` The Golden Rule is that there is no Golden Rule '' ; or Oscar Wilde observed : `` I can resist everything except temptation '' ; or a duller scribe ( not to be named with these and now doing penance for his earlier vices in the nobler toil of celebrating the virtues of Mr. Pond ) said in defence of hobbies and amateurs and general duffers like himself : `` If a thing is worth doing , it is worth doing badly . '' To these things do writers sink ; and then the critics tell them that they `` talk for effect '' ; and then the writers answer : `` What the devil else should we talk for ? Ineffectualness ? '' In four of the stories Pond is induced to tell the dramatic tale which lies behind a baffling paradox ; in another , `` Pond the Pantaloon '' , Wotton tells the story . In two more , `` The Crime of Captain Gahagan '' and `` The Terrible Troubadour '' , Pond 's keen mind arrives at the truth when his friend Gahagan is accused of murder . In `` Ring of Lovers '' Gahagan tells a true story and trusts to Pond to guess the secret behind it . These stories written at the end of Chesterton 's career contain narrative stretches and improbabilities , but they do not lack his familiar flashes of insight . In the story The Crime of Captain Gahagan Chesterton observes , through the character of Mr. Pond , that `` Love never needs time . But friendship always needs time . More and more time , until up past midnight . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea7d312559fd12527be6c4e0a47d744b", "text": "Constantinianism Constantinianism refers to those policies said to be enacted , encouraged , or personally favored by Constantine the Great , a 4th-century Roman Emperor . In particular , it may refer to any of the following : Constantine 's patronage of Christianity . The practice of state control of or influence over the Church , sometimes called Erastianism . The notion that Roman Emperors have authority over the Church , sometimes called Caesaropapism . Identification of the Church with the Roman Empire The Church 's willingness to use the state 's coercive power structures to assist in the Church 's mission A tendency to exuberance due of the subsequent rise of Christianity , sometimes called Christian triumphalism . The notion that Constantine received his mandate from God , as in the Divine Right of Kings . The practice of Religious tolerance as mandated in the Edict of Milan . The doctrines of the Council of Nicea , which Constantine promoted . Constantine 's alleged preference for Arianism over Catholicism , or Orthodoxy over heresy . The corruption of Christian doctrine that is alleged to have taken place during or because of the reign of Constantine , sometimes called the Great Apostasy or more particularly the Constantinian shift . Certain Roman Catholic criticisms of Separation of Church and State found , for instance , in the Syllabus of Errors . Certain Protestant doctrines such as Reconstructionism and Dominionism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b24dff3cecf26720d3d49cebeb437a31", "text": "Benton Fraser Benton Fraser ( born 1962 ) is a fictional character in the television series Due South . He is a constable of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police who works in the American city of Chicago , Illinois as Deputy Liaison Officer in the Canadian consulate . He lives in a dangerous neighbourhood at the fictional address of apartment 3J at 221 East Racine , and later at the consulate itself , after his apartment building was burnt down . The character is portrayed by Canadian actor Paul Gross . Fraser 's seemingly strange habits , such as tasting evidence and holding the door for anyone and everyone , add hilarity and whimsy to the show . As Fraser often explains ; `` I first came to Chicago on the trail of the killers of my father , and for reasons that do n't need exploring at this juncture I have remained , attached as liaison with the Canadian Consulate . '' Fraser is a strait-laced Canadian , and his faith in the honour and goodness of others tends to lead to interesting and humorous moments . Described as an `` outdoors Sherlock Holmes '' , his behaviour often leads to the frustration of his de facto partner , Chicago detective Raymond Vecchio , played by David Marciano . His other `` best friend , '' a deaf half-wolf , Diefenbaker , named after the Canadian Prime Minister , John Diefenbaker , reads lips in both English and Inuktitut , and often assists in the capture of criminals . In the third and fourth seasons of the show , Fraser teamed up with Detective Stanley Raymond Kowalski , after Ray Vecchio went undercover in the Las Vegas Mafia . He is usually called `` Fraser '' by his friends and colleagues - some old friends will call him Benton or Ben at times . Ray calls him Benny or Fraser , ( often mispronouncing it `` Fray-sure '' as in the NBC sitcom Frasier ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35a9970e9573bbabd9f2f12d288a41a0", "text": "Faust Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend . He is a scholar who is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life , which leads him to make a pact with the Devil , exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures . The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary , artistic , cinematic , and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages . `` Faust '' and the adjective `` Faustian '' imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power and success for a delimited term . The Faust of early books -- as well as the ballads , dramas , movies , and puppet-plays which grew out of them -- is irrevocably damned because he prefers human to divine knowledge ; `` he laid the Holy Scriptures behind the door and under the bench , refused to be called doctor of Theology , but preferred to be styled doctor of Medicine '' . Plays and comic puppet theatre loosely based on this legend were popular throughout Germany in the 16th century , often reducing Faust and Mephistopheles to figures of vulgar fun . The story was popularised in England by Christopher Marlowe , who gave it a classic treatment in his play , The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus ( of which the date for publication is debated , but was likely around 1587 ) . In Goethe 's reworking of the story two hundred years later , Faust becomes a dissatisfied intellectual who yearns for `` more than earthly meat and drink '' in his life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "740be32c7066e46232cb8aae49ee52a1", "text": "Underground (Dreyfus book) Underground : Tales of Hacking , Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier is a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus , researched by Julian Assange . It describes the exploits of a group of Australian , American , and British black hat hackers during the late 1980s and early 1990s , among them Assange himself . Craig Bowen ( nickname ) , administrator of two important Australian BBS ( Pacific Island and Zen ) Par , a.k.a. . The Parmaster , an American hacker who avoided capture by the United States Secret Service from July 1989 to November 1991 Phoenix , Electron and Nom , who were convicted in the first major Australian trial for computer crimes Pad and Gandalf , the British founders of the notorious 8lgm group the Australian Mendax ( Julian Assange ) and Prime Suspect , who managed to penetrate the DDN , NIC and the Nortel internal network , and the phreaker Trax . Together , the three were known as the `` International Subversives '' . Anthrax , another Australian hacker and phreaker The book also mentions other hackers who had contacts with the protagonists , among them Erik Bloodaxe of the Legion of Doom and Corrupt of the Masters of Deception . The first chapter of Underground relates the diffusion and reactions of the computer security community to the WANK worm that attacked DEC VMS computers over the DECnet in 1989 and was purportedly coded by a Melbourne hacker . , the book has sold 10,000 copies . The author made the electronic edition of the book freely available in 2001 , when it was announced on Slashdot , the server housing the book crashed due to the demand for the book . It reached 400,000 downloads within two years . The 2002 documentary In the Realm of the Hackers , directed by Kevin Anderson and centered on Phoenix and Electron , was inspired by this book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef2288ae75e4c4c59a8ba47826ed729e", "text": "Section 8 (military) Section 8 is a category of discharge from the United States military , used for a service member judged mentally unfit for service . It also came to mean any service member given such a discharge or behaving as if deserving such a discharge , as in the expression , `` he 's a Section 8 '' . The term comes from Section VIII of the World War II-era United States Army Regulation 615-360 , which provided for the discharge of those deemed unfit for military service . Discharge under Section 8 is no longer practiced , as medical discharges for psychological/psychiatric reasons are now covered by a number of regulations . In the Army , such discharges are handled under the provisions of AR 635-200 , Active Duty Enlisted Administrative Separations . Chapter 5 , paragraph 13 governs the separation of personnel medically diagnosed with a personality disorder . Section 8 became a household phrase when used in the 1970s TV series M * A * S * H , in which the character Corporal Klinger was continually seeking one ( until he eventually abandoned his efforts ) . Other pop culture references to the term include : The 1987 movie Full Metal Jacket , in which a recruit ( Leonard Lawrence , a.k.a. `` Private Gomer Pyle '' ) becomes noticeably unstable as a result of the abuse from his drill instructor and platoon-mates . Later in the film , it is mentioned again when Private `` Cowboy '' mentions how one of his recently deceased platoon-mates was about to be shipped out on a Section 8 for chronic masturbation . The 2003 movie Basic , in which a DEA agent Tom Hardy ( played by John Travolta ) investigates a group of rogue Rangers turned drug dealers calling themselves Section 8 . They are later revealed to be a black-ops anti-drug unit led by Hardy ( now addressed as `` Colonel '' ) ; the `` Section-8 '' insane-mercenary story is a cover to spook the cartels . The 2007 video game BioShock , in which Atlas , via radio , informs the player that Fort Frolic has been handed over to a deranged artist named Sander Cohen . `` Cohen 's an artist , says some . He 's a Section 8 , says I. I seen all kinds of cutthroats , freaks , and headcases , but Cohen 's a real lunatic . '' The 2016 movie Hacksaw Ridge , in which Army recruit Desmond Doss is required to undergo psychiatric evaluation or else face a Section 8 discharge for refusing to participate in weapons training because of his religious convictions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6fb1f8a17424754c810e6e8b603de30", "text": "A Nasty Story `` A Nasty Story '' ( Скверный анекдот , Skverny anekdot ) , also translated as `` A Disgraceful Affair '' , as well as `` A Most Unfortunate Incident '' and `` An Unpleasant Predicament '' , is a satirical short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky concerning the escapades of a Russian civil servant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3efa5e25d936e577dbba0d8c4d6dd7", "text": "Constantine's Sword (film) James Carroll 's Constantine 's Sword , or Constantine 's Sword , is a 2007 historical documentary film on the relationship between the Catholic Church and Jews . Directed and produced by Oscar-nominated filmmaker Oren Jacoby , the film is inspired by former priest James P. Carroll 's 2001 book Constantine 's Sword .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5eefaf2611f0156355a72da1d799110", "text": "Family Ties (disambiguation) Family Ties is a 1980s American TV sitcom . Family Ties may also refer to : Family Ties ( album ) , a 2006 album by Daddy X Family Ties ( film ) , a 2006 South Korean film Family Ties ( novel ) , a 2010 novel by Danielle Steel Family Ties ( story collection ) , a 1960 book by Clarice Lispector X-wing Rogue Squadron : Family Ties , a 1998 story arc in the comics series X-wing : Rogue Squadron Television episodes `` Family Ties '' ( Arrested Development ) `` Family Ties '' ( Bakugan Battle Brawlers : New Vestroia ) `` Family Ties '' ( The Bill ) `` Family Ties '' ( Blue Bloods ) `` Family Ties '' ( Crossing Jordan ) `` Family Ties '' ( Dangerous Minds ) `` Family Ties '' ( Farscape ) `` Family Ties '' ( NYPD Blue ) `` The Family Ties '' , The O.C. `` Family Ties '' ( Parental Guidance ) `` Family Ties '' ( Renegade ) `` Family Ties '' ( Stargate SG-1 ) `` Family Ties '' ( Stormworld ) `` Family Ties : Part I '' ( Third Watch ) `` Family Ties : Part II '' ( Third Watch ) `` Family Ties '' ( The Upper Hand ) `` Family Ties '' ( The Vampire Diaries ) `` Family Ties '' ( Whistler ) `` Family Ties '' ( X-Men )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0d8fdc0fbe4e2b3fee74e9e7c63619", "text": "Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development . Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil . Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce0c0cb65863c8e7fe09be4ce69612", "text": "Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2639440ca43894e96ba7bff6e38c80cc", "text": "After (novel) After is a young adult novel written by Francine Prose . It was first published in 2003 , and the nearby school shooting is reminiscent of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 . After a school shooting 50 miles away , the new grief and crisis counselor ( Dr. Willner ) attempts to control the students ' lives , using the recent tragedy as an excuse for increasingly restricting their lives . The school gradually is controlled by the grip of the administration , and students who do not comply with the new rules disappear , never to be seen again . Its plot is reminiscent of Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell . Similarities include the normalization of propaganda and surveillance with the telescreens in 1984 and the TVs on school buses spouting so called educational content that turns out to be blatantly false . These novels also touch on brainwashing , with the nightly emails sent to parents that convince them to send their children away to reform camps from which they never return . In contrast , After takes place during the reforms , showing how they were allowed to happen , while 1984 only shows the aftermath and its inevitability . The ending of After also shows the main character ( Tom Bishop ) escaping his town with his friends and family , a much lighter closing than 1984 . Described in the New York Times Book Review as a `` rich parable '' , this novel questions the line that must be drawn when freedom is more important than safety .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5886f40111b7b9b246557a9858e5e20", "text": "Catherine (1986 TV series) Catherine - a French TV series produced for Antenne 2 channel in 1986 . It was based on the series of `` Catherine '' novels written by Juliette Benzoni . The series was directed by Marion Sarraut , who had already successfully brought on TV another of Madame Benzoni 's work - Marianne . The director had the author 's assistance going so far as working together , like mother and daughter , to work on the best-seller Catherine . Two years of preparation , fifteen months of shooting , two hundred actors - over fifteen hundred costumes . The episodes were not to be seen in prime time - but from 13:30 - 14:00 each afternoon . The production was nevertheless a huge success . The readers of the books were more than satisfied with what Marion Sarraut had done to Catherine . To their great joy , the producers had adapted the seven books more or less truthfully . Some minor changes had to be made , probably also because of the small bugdet they had at their disposal . Claudine Ancelot was a perfect Catherine . At her side , Pierre-Marie Escourrou as her great love Arnaud de Montsalvy . Pascale Petit was Sara , Benoît Brione was the evil Gilles de Rais , and Geneviève Casile Queen Yolande . For over two decades , the story of `` Catherine and Arnaud '' had vanished . In December 2007 the French company France Loisirs started releasing the long awaited Catherine Il suffit d'un amour TV-Serie on DVD . At the moment the whole TV series has been released on 5 double DVDs .", "title": "" } ]
fever
189dd2dbbc365e18e885cd54936601fb
San Francisco wasn't founded in 1776.
[ { "docid": "13e67d6a7c021861105858432a0eb92b", "text": "San Francisco San Francisco ( initials SF ) ( -LSB- sæn_frənˈsɪskoʊ -RSB- , Spanish for Saint Francis ; Spanish : -LSB- san franˈsisko -RSB- ) , officially the City and County of San Francisco , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . Located at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula , San Francisco is about 47.9 sqmi in area , making it the smallest county -- and the only consolidated city-county -- within the state of California . With a density of about 18,581 people per square mile ( 7,174 people per km2 ) , San Francisco is the most densely settled large city ( population greater than 200,000 ) in California and the second-most densely populated major city in the United States after New York City . San Francisco is the fourth-most populous city in California , after Los Angeles , San Diego , and San Jose , and the 13th-most populous city in the United States -- with a census-estimated 2016 population of 870,887 . The city and its surrounding areas are known as the San Francisco Bay Area , and are a part of the larger OMB-designated San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland combined statistical area , the fifth most populous in the nation with an estimated population of 8.7 million . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi . The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth , making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time . San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856 . After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire , San Francisco was quickly rebuilt , hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later . In World War II , San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater . It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945 . After the war , the confluence of returning servicemen , massive immigration , liberalizing attitudes , along with the rise of the `` hippie '' counterculture , the Sexual Revolution , the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War , and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement , cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States . Politically , the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines . A popular tourist destination , San Francisco is known for its cool summers , fog , steep rolling hills , eclectic mix of architecture , and landmarks , including the Golden Gate Bridge , cable cars , the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary , Fisherman 's Wharf , and its Chinatown district . San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. , Gap Inc. , Salesforce.com , Dropbox , Reddit , Square , Inc. , Dolby , Airbnb , Weebly , Pacific Gas and Electric Company , Yelp , Pinterest , Twitter , Uber , Lyft , Mozilla , Wikimedia Foundation , Craigslist and Weather Underground . It has several nicknames , including `` The City by the Bay '' , `` Fog City '' , `` San Fran '' , and `` Frisco '' , as well as older ones like `` The City that Knows How '' , `` Baghdad by the Bay '' , `` The Paris of the West '' , or simply `` The City '' . , San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "0b0f65be25f8170ce7d1221a17a2c567", "text": "San Francisco (disambiguation) San Francisco is a combined city/county in the U.S. state of California . San Francisco may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "659800ff4416bbfffc34c2a3776e90b2", "text": "Court of Historical Review The Court of Historical Review ( sometimes called the Court of Historical Review and Appeal ) is a mock court in San Francisco , California . It has been convened on irregular intervals over several decades in order to decide questions of historical curiosity . The court 's judgment is purely symbolic and has no legal or academic authority . The court has been presided over by a number of actual or retired judges , including U.S. District Court Judge Daniel Hanlon and San Francisco Municipal Court Judge George T. Choppelas . Though it is a mock court , a number of notable attorneys and civic figures have argued cases and appeared as `` witnesses '' , sometimes in character as historical figures . The court 's proceedings are described as colorful and are reported widely .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "395b6de04c2fa9e0b54560e48b9fb9f2", "text": "Pueblo de Los Ángeles See also History of Los Angeles El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles ( the Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels ) was the Spanish civilian pueblo founded in 1781 , which by the 20th century became the American metropolis of Los Angeles . Official settlements in Alta California were of three types : presidio ( military ) , mission ( religious ) and pueblo ( civil ) . The Pueblo de los Ángeles was the second pueblo ( town ) created during the Spanish colonization of California ( the first was San Jose , in 1777 ) . El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles -- ` The Town of the Queen of Angels ' was founded twelve years after the first presidio and mission , the Presidio of San Diego and the Mission San Diego de Alcalá ( 1769 ) . The original settlement consisted of forty-four people in eleven families , recruited mostly from Estado de Occidente . As new settlers arrived and soldiers retired to civilian life in Los Angeles , the town became the principal urban center of southern Alta California , whose social and economic life revolved around the raising of livestock on the expansive ranchos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deeb337b8a70d5be9e673d877233ab45", "text": "James Graham Cooper James Graham Cooper ( June 19 , 1830 -- July 19 , 1902 ) was an American surgeon and naturalist . Cooper was born in New York . He worked for the California Geological Survey ( 1860 -- 1874 ) with Josiah Dwight Whitney , William Henry Brewer and Henry Nicholas Bolander . He was primarily a zoologist , but he also made significant botanical collections from San Diego to Fort Mohave , Arizona in 1861 . Cooper was active in the California Academy of Sciences , eventually becoming Director of the Museum . He obtained his medical degree in 1851 and practiced in New York City until 1853 . Spencer F. Baird , the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution at that time , helped Cooper work with the Pacific railroad survey parties working in the Washington Territory . He joined this survey under Captain George McClellan as a surgeon until 1854 . In 1855 he visited San Francisco and the Panama Isthmus . He collected many birds during this expedition . In 1860 , her returned west and joined the Blake Expedition that went from St. Louis up to the Missouri River and into Idaho and Washington . He worked as a contract surgeon for brief periods with the US Army and Josiah Whitney , the chief of the California Geological Survey . Along with Baird he wrote a book on the birds of California `` Ornithology , Volume I , Land Birds '' in 1870 . His marriage in 1866 made it difficult for him to balance his interest in natural history . He worked in San Mateo , Oakland , San Francisco and finally settled in 1875 in Hayward . He wrote on his difficulties in a letter in 1870 His father William Cooper was also a naturalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a87fed4855f6cb5857d48711d149c84", "text": "Survive AIDS Survive AIDS is the group formerly known as ACT UP/Golden Gate . In 1990 , the ACT UP chapter in San Francisco split into two chapters , the San Francisco chapter and the Golden Gate chapter . The catalyst for this was over decision-making processes , although it also involved many larger issues . According to ACT UP/Golden Gate , `` ACT UP Golden Gate concentrated on issues involving treatment and treatment access while ACT UP San Francisco focused on broader social issues involving public policy and politics . Over the next several years the two ACT UP chapters worked separately and together on local and national AIDS issues . '' But in 1994 , the two organizations stopped working together , and they grew further apart . The AIDS Survival project writes , `` By the late '90s , ACT UP San Francisco developed a very different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment and began to align itself with groups that believe HIV does not cause AIDS and that it is the use of anti-HIV medications which make people get sick and die . ACT UP San Francisco members are now called ` AIDS dissidents ' because of views like these : antiretroviral drugs are harmful ; safer sex is unnecessary ; animal testing of medical therapies is unethical ; HIV is not the cause of AIDS . '' In 2000 , ACT UP/Golden Gate changed its name to Survive AIDS , to disavow any connection with ACT UP San Francisco . In their March 21 , 2000 statement , they wrote : `` Over time ACT UP San Francisco became controlled by individuals who had a different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment . This in itself was not a problem . The problem was that any one who disagreed with them on this one issue was shouted down , intimidated and driven out of the group . Long term members , seeing the original ACT UP mission and philosophy destroyed , were forced out of the group in disgust . The statement read , in part , `` This new ACT UP San Francisco chapter harassed and stalked members of the AIDS community who disagreed with them about AIDS treatment strategy , first locally , then at national AIDS events . As time went on their tactics became more violent , culminating in physical assaults , which runs counter to the ACT UP philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd56f852fb27d3d1ed5bf47fc79e3340", "text": "Independence High School (San Jose, California) Independence High School , also referred to as IHS and Inde , is a public high school located in the Berryessa district of Santa Clara County , California , United States . The school is operated by the East Side Union High School District ( ESUHSD ) . Its namesake is the United States Declaration of Independence , which celebrated its bicentennial in the same year Independence High was established in 1976 . Independence is considered a magnet school , with three specialized programs , called `` academies '' : electronics , finance , and teaching . Later magnet programs were extended into the performing arts and space technology , which were cut in 2009 due to budget constraints . Independence students are called `` The ' 76ers '' and the mascot is named `` Sammy the Sixer '' , who is an interpretation of an American founding father , George Washington .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b45763a5a05c7b6572b3afc9e4eb05d", "text": "United States Customhouse (San Francisco) The U.S. Customhouse is a historic custom house located in San Francisco , California . It was built to house offices of the United States Customs Service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0a3ace88ada14323ec257853e62525d", "text": "Pioneer Monument (San Francisco) Pioneer Monument is a granite monument supporting bronze figures and bas reliefs created by Frank Happersberger and financed by the estate of James Lick , located in Civic Center , San Francisco , California , United States . It was dedicated on November 29 , 1894 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5db2791252e7a88476ab7ca587908ff2", "text": "List of city nicknames in California This partial list of city nicknames in California compiles the aliases , sobriquets , mottos and slogans that cities in California are known by ( or have been known by historically ) , officially and unofficially , to locals , outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce . City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity , helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname ; promote civic pride ; and build community unity . Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community `` ideology or myth '' are also believed to have economic value . Their economic value is difficult to measure , but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by `` branding '' themselves by adopting new slogans . Some unofficial nicknames are positive , while others are derisive . The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91fee459c3d43e6c931858f113d749a7", "text": "American Fur Company The American Fur Company ( AFC ) was founded in 1808 , by John Jacob Astor , a German immigrant to the United States . During the 18th century , furs had become a major commodity in Europe , and North America became a major supplier . Several British companies , most notably the North West Company and the Hudson 's Bay Company , were eventual competitors against Astor and capitalized on the lucrative trade in furs . Astor capitalized on anti-British sentiments and his commercial strategies to become one of the first trusts in American business and a major competitor to the British commercial dominance in North American fur trade . Expanding into many former British fur-trapping regions and trade routes , the company grew to monopolize the fur trade in the United States by 1830 , and became one of the largest and wealthiest businesses in the country . Astor planned for several companies planned to function across the Great Lakes , the Great Plains and the Oregon Country to gain control of the North American fur trade . Comparatively inexpensive manufactured goods were to be shipped to commercial stations for trade with various Indigenous nations for fur pelts . The sizable number of furs collected would then be brought to the port of Guangzhou , as pelts were in high demand in the Qing Empire . Chinese products would in turn be purchased for resale throughout Europe and the United States . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities or Astor favored . Demand for furs in Europe began to decline during the early 19th century , leading to the stagnation of the fur trade by the mid-19th century . Astor left his company in 1830 , the company declared bankruptcy in 1842 , and the American Fur Company ultimately ceased trading in 1847 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4598e8a6e459d06b2ea189171d5d5e7e", "text": "Early modern Europe Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century . Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s , the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487 , the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s , the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 , or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 . The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century Britain . Some of the more notable trends and events of the early modern period included the Reformation and the religious conflicts it provoked ( including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years ' War ) , the rise of capitalism and modern nation states , and European colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4547363aca67288f61cdadecee6033fb", "text": "Pacific Fur Company The Pacific Fur Company ( PFC ) was an American fur trade venture wholly owned and funded by John Jacob Astor that functioned from 1810 to 1813 . It was based in the Pacific Northwest , an area contested over the decades between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , the Spanish Empire , the United States of America and the Russian Empire . Management , clerks and fur trappers were sent both by land and by sea to the Pacific Coast in the Autumn of 1810 . The base of operations was constructed at the mouth of the Columbia River in 1811 , Fort Astoria ( present-day Astoria , Oregon ) . The destruction of the company vessel the Tonquin later that year off the shore of Vancouver Island took with it the majority of the annual trading goods . Commercial competition with the NWC began soon after the foundation of Fort Astoria . The Canadian competitors maintained several stations in the interior , primarily Spokane House , Kootanae House and Saleesh House . Fort Okanogan was also opened in 1811 , the first of several PFC posts created to counter these locations . The Overland Expedition faced military hostilities from several Indigenous cultures and later had an acute provision crisis leading to starvation . Despite losing men crossing the Great Plains and later at the Snake River , they arrived in groups throughout January and February 1812 at Fort Astoria . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities nor Astor favored . The lack of military protection during the War of 1812 forced the sale of PFC assets to the NWC . While the transactions were not finalized until 1814 , due to the distance from Fort Astoria to Montreal and New York City , the company was functionally defunct by 1813 . A party of Astorians returning overland to St. Louis in 1813 made the important discovery of the South Pass through the Rocky Mountains . This geographic feature would later be used by hundreds of thousands of settlers traveling over the Oregon , California , and Mormon routes , collectively called the Westward Expansion Trails . The emporium envisioned by Astor was a failure for a number of reasons , including the loss of two supply ships , the material difficulties of crossing the North American continent and competition from the North West Company . Historian Arthur S. Morton concluded that `` The misfortunes which befell the Pacific Fur Company were great , but such as might be expected at the initiation of an enterprise in a distant land whose difficulties and whose problems lay beyond the experience of the traders . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9079a019eb90179a9290f57015d414b", "text": "140 New Montgomery 140 New Montgomery Street , also known as The Pacific Telephone Building , and , after 1984 , as The Pacific Bell Building or The PacBell Building , in San Francisco 's South of Market district , is an Art Deco office tower located close to the St. Regis Museum Tower and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art . The 26-floor building was designed to consolidate numerous smaller buildings and outdated offices into a modern headquarters for The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. . When opened in 1925 , The Pacific Telephone Building was San Francisco 's first significant skyscraper development , and was the tallest building in San Francisco until the Russ Building matched its height in 1927 . The building was the first high-rise south of Market Street , and along with the Russ Building , remained the city 's tallest until it was overtaken by 650 California Street in 1964 . AT&T sold the building in 2007 , and as of 2013 , Internet company Yelp is the main tenant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a2605caecebb1706eb09c4110899abc", "text": "Aquatic Park Historic District Aquatic Park Historic District is a National Historic Landmark and building complex located on the San Francisco Bay waterfront within San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park . The district includes a beach , bathhouse , municipal pier , restrooms , concessions stand , stadia , and two speaker towers . The District 's San Francisco Maritime Museum building was built as a bathhouse in 1936 by the WPA ; in Streamline Moderne style , its interior is decorated with fantastic and colorful murals . The Steamship Room illustrates the evolution of maritime technology from wind to steam , and there are displays of lithographic stones , scrimshaw , and whaling guns and photo-murals of San Francisco 's early waterfront . A visiting-attractions gallery hosts such exhibition as Sparks ( 2005 ) , which showcased shipboard radio , radiotelephone , and radioteletype equipment from over the years . In front of the Maritime Museum is a man-made lagoon on the site of the former Black Point Cove . To the west is the horseshoe-shaped Municipal Pier , which was voted SFWeeklys Best Place to Go Fish 2009 . The lagoon is fronted by a sandy beach and a stepped concrete seawall . To the south is a grassy area known as Victorian Park , which contains the Hyde Street cable car turnaround . Hyde Street Pier , though part of the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park , is not part of Aquatic Park Historic District . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987 , and added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26 , 1984 . The park is located at the foot of Polk Street and is a minute 's walk from the visitor center and Hyde Street Pier . Its beach is one of the cleanest in the state . Located in the park near the corner of Beach and Larkin Streets is California Historical Landmark marker No. 236 , honoring the Spanish packet San Carlos , which on August 5 , 1775 , became the first ship to enter San Francisco Bay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30bd7cff0812ac3c690ee40419d78a46", "text": "1st California Mountaineers Battalion 1st Battalion California Volunteer Mountaineers was an infantry battalion in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It spent its entire term of service in the western United States , attached to the Department of the Pacific . It was organized from men from the counties of Humboldt , Mendocino , Trinity , Klamath , Siskiyou , and Del Norte , and other parts of California , between May 30 , 1863 , and March 16 , 1864 , for special service in the redwood forests and mountains that was being fought over in the Bald Hills War in Humboldt County within the Humboldt Military District . The Battalion mustered out June 14 , 1865 . In a report to Lieut. Col. R. C. Drum , Assistant Adjutant-General , Department of the Pacific on October 13 , 1862 , following the escape of Lassic and several hundred other warriors from the Smith River Reservation , Col. Francis J. Lippitt , Commander of the Humboldt Military District : `` In short , the state of things is far worse than when we arrived . My previous reports will suffice , I think , to show that for this result neither I nor my officers and men are responsible . The truth is , two companies of State volunteers could be raised here , consisting of old hunters and mountaineers familiar with the habits of the Indians and accustomed to hunt them , that would be of far more service than a whole regiment of the finest troops in the world , no matter how active and zealous they might be . '' . Governor Stanford called for the organization of the Mountaineer Battalion on the recommodation General Wright on February 7 , 1863 , in the following proclamation : PROCLAMATION . Whereas , Brigadier-General Wright , of the U. S. Army , commanding the Department of the Pacific , has called upon me for a battalion of six Companies of troops ( infantry ) for special service against the Indians in the Humboldt District , in this State , to serve until discharged by him : Now , therefore , I , Leland Stanford , Governor of the State of California and commander-in-chief of the militia thereof do call upon the citizens of the frontier counties of Humboldt , Mendocino , Trinity , Klamath , Siskiyou , and Del Norte , of this State , as many as shall be necessary to fill up the foregoing requisition , to organize themselves into companies , to be mustered into the service of the United States as hereby required . The requisite officers for this force will be commissioned by the Governor . Done at Sacramento , Cal. , this 7th day of February , in the year of our Lord 1863 . LELAND STANFORD , Governor . Attest : WM. H. WEEKS , Secretary of State . By A. A. H. TUTTLE , Deputy . EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT , Sacramento , February 7 , 1863 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dbfa680be3f491a407e22520c5d3c71", "text": "Custody of the Holy Land The Custody of the Holy Land ( Latin : Custodia Terræ Sanctæ ) is a custodian priory of the Franciscan order in Jerusalem , founded as Province of the Holy Land in 1217 by Saint Francis of Assisi , who also founded the Franciscan Order . Its mission is to guard `` the grace of the Holy Places '' of the Holy Land and the rest of the Middle East , `` sanctified by the presence of Jesus '' , as well as pilgrims visiting them , on behalf of the Catholic Church . The Custodial Curia was led by Custos Fr . Pierbattista Pizzaballa since 2004 , with the approval of the Holy See ; since 2016 , the chief custodian is Francesco Patton . Its headquarters are located in the Monastery of Saint Saviour , a 16th-century Franciscan monastery near the New Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem . The Franciscan presence in the Holy Land traces back to 1217 with Frater Elias of Cortona as Minister . By 1229 , the friars had a small house near the fifth station of the Via Dolorosa . In 1272 , Sultan Baibars of Egypt permitted the Franciscans to settle in the Cenacle on Mount Zion . The Custodian subsequently came to be described as the `` Guardian of Mount Zion in Jerusalem '' . From 1309 settling in Bethlehem and the Holy Sepulchre along with the Canons Regular , in 1342 they were officially declared custodians of the Holy Places in the name of the Catholic Church by the Papal bulls Gratiam agimus and Nuper charissimae by Pope Clement VI . After the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1291 , the title of Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem was vested in the Custody ex officio in Rome , while resuming its activities in the Holy Land , including surveiling the accolades of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre 1342-1489 until its Grand Magistry was vested in the papacy . Following the restoration of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem as residential episcopal see in 1847 , the Patriarch henceforth additionally assumed the position of the order 's ecclesiastical superior , eventually supplanting the Custody of the Holy land as Grand Prior of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre . The Custody of the Holy Land has repeatedly expressed concern about the survival of the Christians in the Holy Land , including the strained situation for Christians in the rest of the Middle East .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6e0af2bcf5464c95e59f05d15d141f2", "text": "Francisco Partners Francisco Partners is an American private equity firm focused exclusively on investments in technology and technology-enabled services businesses . Francisco Partners Management LLC was founded in August 1999 and is headquartered in San Francisco and maintains an additional office in London . Since inception , the firm has raised approximately $ 10 billion in committed capital across four funds and has built an investment portfolio including over 70 companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abfbd5d8717d32a862a6222d1b870f0d", "text": "Japanese Tea Garden (San Francisco, California) The Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco , California , is a popular feature of Golden Gate Park , originally built as part of a sprawling World 's Fair , the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 . Though many of its attractions are still a part of the garden today , there have been changes throughout the history of the garden that have shaped it into what it is today . The oldest public Japanese garden in the United States , this complex of many paths , ponds and a teahouse features plants and trees pruned and arranged in a Japanese style . The garden 's 3 acres contain sculptures and structures influenced by Buddhist and Shinto religious beliefs , as well as many elements of water and rocks to create a calming landscape designed to slow people down .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1a4c08582df52dcdb249a784d80a058e
A Monster Calls was released in May of 2016.
[ { "docid": "8b48ddd7b3ebf23c463c71bf7f1973fb", "text": "A Monster Calls (film) A Monster Calls is a 2016 dark fantasy drama film directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Patrick Ness , based on his novel of the same name . The film stars Sigourney Weaver , Felicity Jones , Toby Kebbell , Lewis MacDougall , and Liam Neeson , and tells the story of Conor ( MacDougal ) , a child whose mother ( Jones ) is terminally ill ; one night , he is visited by a giant tree-like monster ( Neeson ) , who states that he will come back and tell him three stories . A Monster Calls premiered on September 10 , 2016 , at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . It was then released in Spain on October 7 , 2016 , and in the United Kingdom on January 1 , 2017 . In the United States , the film began a limited release in on December 23 , 2016 , followed by a wide release on January 6 , 2017 . It received positive reviews , being praised for its themes , directing , performances and visual effects . The film has grossed $ 45.6 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8d80ce1ad2e96b2bae2185cac9091a54", "text": "A Dragon Arrives! A Dragon Arrives ! ( Ejhdeha Vared Mishavad ! ) is a 2016 Iranian drama film directed by Mani Haghighi . It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c1f37173c1238f473628867095a49f", "text": "El monstruo (audience) El Monstruo ( ` The Monster ' ) is the popular designation that 's given in Chile to the audience attending to the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . The name is due to great authority that perform the audience in each day of the event . From pressing to lengthen presentations favorite artists to interruptions with catcalls to singers and comedians who are not like , booing to prevent complete their show and force them to withdraw from the stage . In that case , in Chile it is said that `` El Monstruo ate the artist '' . The audience at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival is the only one in the world that has received a special name . This creates an expectation in people attending the show , waiting for the slightest opportunity to show their intolerance . Most artists booed by El Monstruo have been comedians , both for its lack of grace as the misfortune to get on the right stage between performances of singers or bands of renown . He was remembered the occasion when El Monstruo asked the Gaviota de Plata ( Silver Seagull ) award for José Luis Rodríguez in 1988 ; the refusal of the mayor of Viña del Mar , Eugenia Garrido , who in the 1980s was who corroborated the awards , the singer said `` Sometimes the people 's voice must be heard '' , a phrase which some had a political background in relation to the military regime then ruling the country ; the artist has said his sentence was not thought out or had a direct political intention . Rodriguez has indicated that feel that in that case it was a `` tool for greater spiritual ideal . '' Sometimes , however , the public is manifested catcalls to protest the presenters of the event . This happened in the 2007 , when the animators , Tonka Tomicic and Sergio Lagos , dismissed the artist Ana Torroja to the general public discontent , he wanted her to continue singing . Boo to Lagos and Tomicic lasted nearly an hour . The same happened in 2009 when El Monstruo was in favor of Simply Red , booing for an hour for the group to return , and incidentally interrupting the Folk Competition , the singer Paolo Meneguzzi , a humorous routine performed by the trio Manpoval until partially calmed their minds with the presentation of Rakim and Ken-Y .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf6624301568210b25dd10f3b3d8fe30", "text": "Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster is a 1964 Japanese science-fiction kaiju film produced by Toho . Directed by Ishirō Honda , and featuring special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya , the film starred Yosuke Natsuki , Hiroshi Koizumi , and Akiko Wakabayashi . It is the fifth film in the Godzilla series , and was the second Godzilla film produced that year ( production began following Mothra vs. Godzilla ) . The film was released theatrically in the United States in the autumn of 1965 by Continental Distributing as Ghidrah the Three-Headed Monster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b37538750f76868690f3418737e8e9", "text": "A Violent Prosecutor A Violent Prosecutor is a 2016 South Korean crime film directed by Lee Il-hyung , produced by Guk Su Ran and starring Hwang Jung-min , Kang Dong-won , Lee Sung-min and Park Sung-woong . It was released in South Korea on February 3 , 2016 by Showbox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b700124282189e803220832abb88116", "text": "Monsters and Mysteries in America Monsters and Mysteries in America is an American documentary television series that premiered March 24 , 2013 , on Destination America . Repeats air on the network 's sister-station , the Discovery Channel . It also sometimes airs on Animal Planet , particularly during one of their `` Monster weeks '' . In the United Kingdom , the series airs on the Sky-owned television channel Pick as Monsters and Mysteries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1734ac75e0a5128f0ae5594272869571", "text": "Monster Cable Monster Inc. is an American company that manufactures and markets 6,000 different products , but is best known for audio and video cables . It also produces speakers , headphones , power strips , mobile accessories and audio devices for automobiles . The company was founded by an audiophile and engineer , Noel Lee , in 1979 by experimenting with different ways to build audio cables . It grew by doing demonstrations to convince the industry that audio cables made a difference in audio quality and by establishing relationships with retailers that were attracted to the cable 's profit margins . Over the years it created new divisions like Monster Music , Monster Game , Monster Mobile , Monster Photo and Monster Power . In the 2000s , Monster had legal trademark disputes regarding other companies or products that have `` Monster '' in their name , such as Monster.com and the film Monsters , Inc. . Monster said it needed to defend its premium brand , while critics said it was pursuing litigation against companies that do not have confusingly similar products . It began manufacturing headphones in a partnership with Dr. Dre in 2008 , which ended in 2012 , and it created other celebrity branded or Monster-branded headphone products . Several tests done by audiophile publications , news reporters and academics have conflicting viewpoints on whether more expensive audio or video cables like those from Monster make a difference in audio or video quality when compared to generic cables . Instead of advertising , Monster offers incentives to retailers and their salespeople to sell the cables . Retailers bundle high profit-margin cables with larger purchases that have smaller margins in order to improve profitability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae2c4db2061256932556858725c7fb17", "text": "Monster (Exo song) `` Monster '' is a song recorded by South Korean boy band Exo for their third studio album Ex ` Act . It was released in Korean and Chinese versions by S.M. Entertainment on June 9 , 2016 as the second single for the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2c212a115b1bbc87d68ef368116472", "text": "Ouija: Origin of Evil Ouija : Origin of Evil is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed and edited by Mike Flanagan and written by Flanagan and Jeff Howard . The film is a prequel to the 2014 film Ouija and stars Elizabeth Reaser , Annalise Basso , Lulu Wilson , Parker Mack , Doug Jones and Henry Thomas . Unlike its predecessor , the film 's plot focuses on a widow and her family adding a Ouija board to their phony seance business where , unbeknownst to them , they invite a spirit that possesses the youngest daughter . The film was released on October 21 , 2016 by Universal Studios , grossing over $ 81 million . The film received positive reviews , with many praising it as a significant improvement over its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c55279736ac883eec56b888dba435ba", "text": "4th Platino Awards The 4th Platino Awards will be presented at Caja Mágica in Madrid , Spain on July 22 , 2017 to honour the best in Ibero-American films of 2016 . A Monster Calls received the most nominations with seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37416c10e912cf41a94cfedbbef2525d", "text": "Jay Wade Edwards Jay Wade Edwards ( born September 12 , 1968 ) is an American film director and editor . Edwards ' filmmaking career began when he wrote , directed , and edited three short science fiction films -- Mountain of Terror Day of Dread ( 1998 ) , Project : Tiki Puka Puka ( 1999 ) , and Esta Noche We Ride ! ( 2001 ) -- known collectively as The Monster Trilogy . The Monster Trilogy has been shown at film festivals in Liverpool , England ; Ontario , Canada ; and Austin , Texas . Edwards has overseen promotion for the film , which has received positive reviews . Edwards co-produced and edited Y’ all Come ! The Hell Hole Swamp Festival , a 2002 documentary profiling Jamestown , South Carolina , home of the annual Hell Hole Swamp Festival . The film has screened in ten film festivals , including The Rural Route Film Festival in New York City , The Maryland Film Festival , and Detroit Docs , receiving two Best-of awards . The beach-party rock - 'n' - roll monster movie Stomp ! Shout ! Scream ! , Edwards 's first feature film as writer/director , premiered at the Austin Film Festival in October 2005 to more good reviews . The film has gone on to screen at more than twenty film festivals . Awards include Best Feature Film at the Toofy Film Festival and The Magnolia Independent Film Festival , and nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Set Design at the B-movie Film Festival . A professional television and film editor since 1991 , Edwards is the senior editor and producer of the animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force for Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim and the feature Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters . Edwards 's television credits also include documentaries for CNN and TBS , Cartoon Network 's Space Ghost Coast to Coast , and numerous promotional campaigns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f993873f778ac76a7de01b5d73707aa5", "text": "Pandora (2016 film) Pandora is a 2016 South Korean disaster film written and directed by Park Jung-woo , starring Kim Nam-Gil . The film was released in South Korea on December 7 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f5102a1f1069333825cd90b594ac17c", "text": "King Cobra (2016 film) King Cobra is a 2016 American biographical crime-drama film about the life and early career of Brent Corrigan . It was directed by Justin Kelly and was based on the book Cobra Killer : Gay Porn , Murder , and the Manhunt to Bring the Killers to Justice by Andrew E. Stoner and Peter A. Conway . The film was released on October 21 , 2016 , by IFC Midnight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a86cb3a9f5bdd7c739b409a8e4d8815", "text": "Bedeviled (2016 film) Bedeviled is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed , written and produced by Abel Vang and Burlee Vang . Starring Saxon Sharbino , Victory Van Tuyl , Brandon Soo Hoo , Carson Boatman , Mitchell Edwards and Alexis G Zall . The film was released on October 22 , 2016 at Screamfest LA. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a7e464f8f11dd79f9ee21b498b2b444", "text": "Kids vs Monsters Kids vs Monsters is a 2015 fantasy film that was directed by Sultan Saeed Al Darmaki and is his directorial debut . The film was released on video on demand on September 29 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba768284051e23f41ec46e4c1fc4978d", "text": "Abattoir (film) Abattoir is a 2016 American horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Christopher Monfette . It premiered on June 7 , 2016 at the Los Angeles Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29609c32ac87312ca94957b12c57490a", "text": "Phantom Detective Phantom Detective ( ; lit . Detective Hong Gil-Dong : Disappeared Village ) is a 2016 South Korean film noir comedy action film directed and written by Jo Sung-hee . Its central protagonist is a modern iteration of the classic Korean folk hero Hong Gildong . It was released in South Korea on May 4 , 2016 . It was released in U.S. and Canada on 20 May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e8052bb705e27b25d7f8fa7a4f426b0", "text": "The Neon Demon The Neon Demon is a 2016 psychological horror film directed by Nicolas Winding Refn , co-written by Mary Laws , Polly Stenham , and Refn , and starring Elle Fanning . The plot follows an aspiring model in Los Angeles whose beauty and youth generate intense fascination and jealousy within the industry . Supporting roles are played by Karl Glusman , Jena Malone , Bella Heathcote , Abbey Lee , Desmond Harrington , Christina Hendricks , and Keanu Reeves . An international co-production between France , Denmark , and the United States , the film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , the third consecutive film directed by Refn to do so , following Drive ( 2011 ) and Only God Forgives ( 2013 ) . In the United States , the film was released theatrically on 24 June 2016 by Amazon Studios and Broad Green Pictures . It opened to polarized reviews and was a box office failure , grossing a little over $ 3 million from a $ 7 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dcb31d030ed15ac3efcf4c09507ab7b", "text": "Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e8758e191e11fd68c9a9d2edb66b17", "text": "Crabs (film) Crabs ! is an upcoming American horror comedy monster movie written and directed by Pierce Berolzheimer and starring Jessica Morris and Dylan Riley Snyder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae0b8573ec5278fde9ca84ea19f7078", "text": "Sniper: Ghost Shooter Sniper : Ghost Shooter is a 2016 direct-to-video action film . The film is the sixth installment of the Sniper film series '' .", "title": "" } ]
fever
038e55a37de71fc2bb5a03b906ea45f7
Tyler, The Creator is a recording artist.
[ { "docid": "919aefe8ff47fde7a21d84a5bf08b6d0", "text": "Wolf (Tyler, The Creator album) Wolf is the second studio album by American rapper Tyler , The Creator . It was released on April 2 , 2013 , by Odd Future Records and RED Distribution . Wolf contains the elements that set in a different direction compared to his other materials such as Bastard ( 2009 ) and Goblin ( 2011 ) respectively , which featured more violent content , while the album features a more production based sound and different themes . The album features guest appearances from Mike G , Domo Genesis , Earl Sweatshirt , Left Brain , Hodgy Beats , Erykah Badu and Pharrell , among others . The album was produced by Tyler , The Creator himself , except for the final track . The album was supported by lead single `` Domo23 '' . Wolf received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 , selling 89,000 copies in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f54b86a0b09e8ce6b1ce9a676eea7b8", "text": "Tyler, The Creator Tyler Gregory Okonma ( born March 6 , 1991 ) , better known by his stage name Tyler , The Creator , is an American rapper , record producer , and music video director . Born in Ladera Heights , California , he rose to prominence as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release . Okonma creates all the artwork for the group 's releases and designs the group 's clothing and other merchandise as well . After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings , in April 2011 , he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records , with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment . Following that he released his second studio album Wolf , which was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 selling 90,000 copies in its first week . He has his own clothing company , called Golf Wang , started in 2011 , and a carnival , named Camp Flog Gnaw , hosted annually since 2012 . He runs his own streaming service Golf Media ; it contains original scripted series from Tyler himself and Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4ac5ad144fad4a5329cad3f64004cdd", "text": "Goblin (album) Goblin is the debut studio album by American rapper Tyler , The Creator . It was released on May 10 , 2011 , by XL Recordings . The album 's production came almost entirely from Tyler himself , along with contributions from fellow Odd Future member Left Brain . Goblin continues Tyler 's dialogues with his fictional therapist Dr. TC , first heard on Bastard . The album was preceded by singles `` Sandwitches '' , featuring Hodgy Beats , `` Yonkers '' , `` She '' , featuring Frank Ocean . The single `` Yonkers '' is considered responsible for garnering the significant internet and industry buzz surrounding the OF group at the time of the album 's release . Goblin received generally positive reviews from critics , debuting at number five on the Billboard 200 . The album cover features Buffalo Bill at age 19 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "492ec858f488026bdf7f7d5968dea629", "text": "Centricity Music Centricity Music is an American record label founded in Washington with artists in contemporary Christian music . Some of its artists include Lauren Daigle , Jordan Feliz , Aaron Shust , Andrew Peterson , downhere and Jason Gray , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "832f4c1c1c6763266f41add008f3c51e", "text": "T. Texas Tyler David Luke Myrick ( June 20 , 1916 -- January 28 , 1972 ) , known professionally as T. Texas Tyler , was an American country music singer and songwriter primarily known for his 1948 hit , `` The Deck of Cards '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ff7a8dd15a2f791ec019030290d139a", "text": "Bonnie Tyler Bonnie Tyler ( born Gaynor Hopkins ; 8 June 1951 ) is a Welsh singer , known for her distinctive husky voice . Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles `` Lost in France '' and `` More Than a Lover '' . Her 1978 single `` It 's a Heartache '' reached number four on the UK Singles Chart , and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 . In the 1980s , Tyler ventured into rock music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman . He wrote Tyler 's biggest hit `` Total Eclipse of the Heart ' '' , the lead single from her 1983 UK chart topping album Faster Than the Speed of Night . Steinman also wrote Tyler 's other major 1980s hit `` Holding Out for a Hero '' . She had success in mainland Europe during the 1990s with Dieter Bohlen , who wrote and produced her hit `` Bitterblue '' . In 2003 , Tyler re-recorded `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' with singer Kareen Antonn . Their bilingual duet topped the French charts . Her latest album Rocks and Honey was released in 2013 and features the single `` Believe in Me '' which she performed representing the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 . Both `` It 's a Heartache '' and `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' are among the best-selling singles of all time , with sales in excess of six million each . Her work has earned her three Grammy Award nominations and three Brit Award nominations , among other accolades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "038f5d958e067f8f46691e30fc8c5b34", "text": "The Creators (film) The Creators : South Africa Through the Eyes of Its Artists is a 2012 South African documentary film produced and directed by Laura Gamse which interweaves the lives of diverse South African artists including Faith47 , Cashril + , Warongx , Emile Jansen of Black Noise , Markus Wormstorm and Spoek Mathambo of Sweat.X , Blaq Pearl , and Mthetho Mapoyi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7311a2e99061e5d7847fd7deec6133c9", "text": "Earl Sweatshirt Thebe Neruda Kgositsile ( born February 24 , 1994 ) , better known by his stage name Earl Sweatshirt , is an American rapper , record producer , and disc jockey from Los Angeles , California . He originally went by the moniker Sly Tendencies in 2008 , but soon changed it when Tyler , The Creator invited him to join his hip hop collective Odd Future in late 2009 . He gained recognition and critical praise for his debut mixtape Earl , released in March 2010 . Following its release , his mother sent him to a boarding school in Samoa until his eighteenth birthday , and he was not able to produce new music for a year and a half . After returning to Los Angeles in February 2012 , Earl rejoined Odd Future and started producing new music . Earl released his debut studio album , Doris in August 2013 . His sophomore album , I Do n't Like Shit , I Do n't Go Outside : An Album by Earl Sweatshirt followed in March 2015 . Both received widespread critical acclaim . He is currently signed to Columbia Records as well as his independent label Tan Cressida . As well as to his solo and Odd Future careers , Earl is also one half of EarlWolf with Tyler , The Creator , one half of Sweaty Martians with Matt Martians , and one half of Hog Slaughta Boyz with Na ` kel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67fc157f68c9cd8262bec1024acbd51b", "text": "DJ Roc August Wisbon ( born September 11 , 1989 ) , known by DJ Roc , is an American DJ and record producer . He is perhaps best known for his music being featured in numerous TV shows and films , including Arrow , The Eric André Show , Jersey Shore , Rich Kids of Beverly Hills and The Smurfs 2 . His songs have also gained popularity on YouTube , with his channel garnering over 20,000 subscribers and 3 million views .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75785f24d76e8aa55e7148bcbfaaa5dc", "text": "Tittsworth Jesse Tittsworth ( born 26 February 1979 ) , better known under his stage name Tittsworth , is an American DJ , producer , night club owner , and record label owner . He has worked with the likes of Q-Tip , Theophilus London , Pitbull , Kid Sister and more . He has been featured on MTV , VIBE , Pitchfork , XLR8R , and countless other outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84477256bdb320f3503842873132c066", "text": "Heaven & Hell (Meat Loaf and Bonnie Tyler album) Heaven & Hell is a compilation album by American singer Meat Loaf and Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler . It was released in 1989 by Telstar Records . The majority of songs included on Heaven & Hell were written by Jim Steinman , who wrote some of Meat Loaf and Tyler 's biggest hits . Meat Loaf 's tracks come from Bat Out of Hell ( 1977 ) , Dead Ringer ( 1981 ) and Midnight at the Lost and Found ( 1983 ) . Tyler 's tracks come from Faster Than the Speed of Night ( 1983 ) and Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire ( 1986 ) . Though the album was not an immediate commercial success , due to steady sales Heaven & Hell was certified platinum by the BPI in 2013 for sales of over 300,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84b794554ba618abfc074c54ffd31b8", "text": "Jay Orpin Jay Orpin ( born April 29 , 1976 in Stockholm , Sweden ) is a Swedish and Finnish songwriter and producer . He also writes songs and produced for Backstreet Boys , NSYNC , Robyn , Ace of Base , Bon Jovi , 2gether and Britney Spears , and later he produced songs for Good Charlotte , Sum 41 , Simple Plan , Hawthorne Heights , Red Jumpsuit Apparatus , My Chemical Romance , Tokio Hotel , Lindsay Lohan , Dashboard Confessional , All American Rejects , Fall Out Boy , AFI , Evanescence , Hollywood Undead , t.A.T.u. , Yellowcard , Hannah Montana , Linkin Park , Bullet for My Valentine and Taking Back Sunday . Most of his music is under the influence of today 's modern pop punk , dance-punk , and emo music , but he does write some pop and hip-hop music as well . He also teamed up with Travis Barker in 2007 , remixing popular hip-hop singles such as Throw Some D 's , Party Like a Rockstar , and Crank That Soulja Boy . Even though he has written some of the works of some of the aforementioned artists , he is not one of the main producers of many of these artists and he chooses not to put his credit for his work . An original song written by such composer to be cited is yet to be found , however some has claimed an abbreviation of his name in one of the albums . In late 2008 , he has decided to move in a small town near Oulu , Finland to raise his family and is a high school teacher and does accounting for bill paying in the summer to support the family , along with music production projects part-time , but he still continues to produce music today , but not as much as he used to . He did come back to help write a few new songs , such as In My Head by Jason Derulo . He has quit his part-time job in accounting to allow more time back in the music production business , to make a revival . One of his most prominent projects is producing the band and influencing the style of the American band Hawthorne Heights . He did some marketing and helped the band members make a more marketable sound , by making the sound of the earlier albums he helped produced Bon Jovi with Max Martin and adding the rock flavor to it . That rock sound made the two premier Hawthorne Heights albums become massively popular . One of his biggest masterpieces , Ohio Is for Lovers made a massive sensation throughout adolescence as an anthem of teen angst . Hawthorne Heights has cited the producer with the slogan `` Pop is Dead '' in advertisement , to generally prove that the manufactured boy band pop era is dead along with a protest of his production of many corporate pop punk bands that made the charts around 2004 . While most of the music he produces is generally American , he produces bands from Germany , Russia , France , Sweden , Canada , Finland , Australia , and the United Kingdom . His work for t.A.T.u. and Tokio Hotel made the popularity of t.A.T.u. rise in Finland and Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49f5989067e3b4453f04f1bd3d7ceb42", "text": "JMSN Christian Berishaj , better known by his stage name JMSN ( pronounced Jameson ) , is an American singer-songwriter , record producer , as well as a multi-instrumentalist , music engineer , and mixer , from Eastpointe , Michigan . JMSN 's debut album , Priscilla , was released in 2012 ; he wrote and produced the album by himself , and directed the music videos accompanying its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab0e10e9a9df939953debd915530fd1b", "text": "Netlabels in Japan Since the mid-2000s , a counterculture has taken place where numerous netlabels , online labels that release their music for free , located in Japan have been formed and garnered a huge amount of publicity which , according to writer Patrick St. Michel , has shaped how popular Japanese music is produced . Japan 's netlabel phenomenon was the first time in the history of the nation 's music industry where underground musicians could produce their works however they wanted to and have their music noticed by the public ; this is an aspect that was previously absent at a time when major labels in the country followed a conservative method where they managed how artists would produce their music . Starting in the 2010s , the netlabel scene has crossed over to the mainstream music landscape and all across the world , with netlabel producers transitioning into working for bigger labels and western producers like Cashmere Cat and Ryan Hemsworth being influenced by the music of Japanese netlabels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8b94625f3c37c622233c96b23ce480f", "text": "Teron Beal Teron Beal is an American singer/songwriter born in Tyler , Texas . He has also written songs for Michael Jackson , Jennifer Lopez , P!nk , Kelly Rowland , Mýa , Chrisette Michele , Robyn , Jaheim and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a684c9a4d652b24965a1026cd508b974", "text": "Dante Roberson Dante `` Taz '' Roberson ( born in 1972 in Stanford , California ) is an American drummer , musical director , and record producer from the San Francisco Bay Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "581c7692c91eb53cb37905c6dee94ea5", "text": "Word Records Word Records is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville , Tennessee . It is owned by Curb Records and is a part of Word Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc53cc5f85c1c36c5bfdda71839db34d", "text": "Nitti (producer) Chadron S. Moore , better known by his stage name Nitti Beatz , is an American record producer who has been active since 2000 and who was signed to So So Def Records from 2005 to 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edec76870b999dbecd20d48f92e2af31", "text": "Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings . Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes . In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4022f181ed8af3d1e5d12f847c4359a", "text": "Eric Racy Eric Racy ( born 10 September 1980 ) is a platinum selling Mixing Engineer and Producer . Currently , he lives and works in LA in a wide range of genres and with clients ranging from indie bands to Grammy Winning pop artists . His clients have included Katy Perry , Nicki Minaj , Pharrell , Tyga , Jonathan Davis , 2NE1 , Troye Sivan , Alessia Cara , Kelly Clarkson , Divinity Roxx , Kelly Rowland , J. Cole , Janelle Monáe , T-Pain , Missy Elliott , Zendaya , Lil Wayne , Big Sean , Busta Rhymes , Photek and many more . Eric is managed by Chris Woods for Alignment Management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84553a46cb9a6c899c3741c57fd2f8cb", "text": "Anttix Antony James Llewellyn , known by his stage name Anttix , is an English recording artist and songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a3cfa26d204d9ab0beff930bff1522", "text": "Royalty (Childish Gambino album) Royalty ( stylized as R O Y A L T Y ) is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Donald Glover , under the stage name Childish Gambino . It was released on July 4 , 2012 , by Glassnote Records . The album has many featured artists and is produced by Glover and his co-producer Ludwig Goransson , as well as Beck , Boi-1da and SKYWLKR . This is notably different from how Glover operates on other projects , as he has been known to not work with other artists much in his music .", "title": "" } ]
fever
dcfa4a3b2cca4cb1737ffe0474b08793
Philip Seymour Hoffman was an actor in Magnolia.
[ { "docid": "1239cc32183df757aa654dd098768827", "text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman Philip Seymour Hoffman ( July 23 , 1967 -- February 2 , 2014 ) was an American actor , director , and producer of film and theater . Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes , bullies , and misfits -- Hoffman made many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46 . Drawn to theater as a teenager , Hoffman studied acting at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts . He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992 . He gained recognition for his supporting work , notably in Boogie Nights ( 1997 ) , Happiness ( 1998 ) , Patch Adams ( 1998 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , Magnolia ( 1999 ) , The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , Almost Famous ( 2000 ) , Punch-Drunk Love ( 2002 ) , and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . He began to occasionally play leading roles , and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote ( 2005 ) , won multiple accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actor . Hoffman 's profile continued to grow , and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2007 ) , a priest accused of pedophilia in Doubt ( 2008 ) , and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master ( 2012 ) . While he mainly worked in independent films , including The Savages ( 2007 ) and Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) , Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters , such as Twister ( 1996 ) and Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) , and in one of his final roles , as Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series ( 2013 -- 15 ) . The feature Jack Goes Boating ( 2010 ) marked his debut as a filmmaker . Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director . He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995 , where he directed , produced , and appeared in numerous stage productions . His performances in three Broadway plays -- True West ( 2000 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 2003 ) , and Death of a Salesman ( 2012 ) -- all led to Tony Award nominations . Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult , and relapsed in 2013 after many years of sobriety . In February 2014 , he was found dead with a syringe of heroin still in his arm , but the official cause of death was combined drug intoxication -- an unexpected event that was widely lamented in the film and theater industries . Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters , and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles , Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as `` perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation '' .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f89215fa4b573b5633ef55b226118492", "text": "Magnolia Projects The Magnolia Projects , officially the C.J. Peete Projects , also known as `` Da Wild Magnolia '' , was one of the Housing Projects of New Orleans . As part of the ongoing redevelopment , the area has been renamed Harmony Oaks . The project was among the largest , housing approximately 2,100 people . It is infamous nationwide for both high violent-crime rates as well as spawning a number of Hip Hop artists . They referred to it as `` Magnolia : Home of the Soulja . '' Located in the part of Uptown New Orleans known as Central City , it was bounded by Louisiana Avenue , South Claiborne Avenue , La Salle Street and Washington Avenue . The Magnolia Projects are located within the 11th and 12th Wards of New Orleans . At its height , the Magnolia projects had 1403 units .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f9792d3da225282c5caae5eb554c703", "text": "The Siege of Trencher's Farm The Siege of Trencher 's Farm ( 1969 ) is Psychological Horror-Thriller a novel by Scottish author Gordon Williams and first published by Secker & Warburg . The novel was adapted into the film Straw Dogs ( starring Dustin Hoffman ) by Sam Peckinpah in 1971 , and again in 2011 , under the same name . It was republished by Titan Books in 2011 with the same title as the films , Straw Dogs , to coincide with the release of the 2011 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db47bf0a04dfa66ed5a33da4d995df90", "text": "Stephen Seymour Stephen Seymour ( December 15 , 1919 -- June 20 , 1973 ) was an American set decorator . He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film Louisiana Purchase . He was born in New York and died in Ventura , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07af82ce2682612efcc06729d595ab05", "text": "Cactus Flower (film) Cactus Flower is a 1969 American comedy film directed by Gene Saks and starring Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman , and Goldie Hawn , who won an Oscar for her performance . The screenplay was adapted by I. A. L. Diamond from the Broadway play of the same name written by Abe Burrows , which in turn was based upon the French play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Grédy . The film was the seventh highest grossing film of 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f23b470ef4753baa5ef333589377605", "text": "Family Business (film) Family Business is a 1989 American comedy-drama heist film directed by Sidney Lumet with a screenplay by Vincent Patrick , based on his novel . It stars Sean Connery , Dustin Hoffman and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f2b308d0d171a0efe5bc90b5446344", "text": "Robert Duvall Robert Selden Duvall ( -LSB- duːˈvɔːl -RSB- born January 5 , 1931 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards ( winning for his performance in Tender Mercies ) , seven Golden Globes ( winning four ) , and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Award , and Emmy Award . He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005 . Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series , including To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , The Twilight Zone ( 1963 ) , The Outer Limits ( 1964 ) , Bullitt ( 1968 ) , True Grit ( 1969 ) , MASH ( 1970 ) , THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , Joe Kidd ( 1972 ) , The Godfather ( 1972 ) , The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , The Conversation ( 1974 ) , Network ( 1976 ) , Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) , The Great Santini ( 1979 ) , Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , The Handmaid 's Tale ( 1990 ) , Rambling Rose ( 1991 ) , and Falling Down ( 1993 ) . Duvall began appearing in theatre during the late 1950s , moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s , playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) and appearing in Captain Newman , M.D. ( 1963 ) . He landed many of his most famous roles during the early 1970s , such as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy MASH ( 1970 ) and the lead role in THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , as well as Horton Foote 's adaptation of William Faulkner 's Tomorrow ( 1972 ) , which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall 's personal favorite . This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films . Since then , Duvall has continued to act in both film and television with such productions as Tender Mercies ( 1983 ) , The Natural ( 1984 ) , Colors ( 1988 ) , the television mini-series Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , Stalin ( 1992 ) , The Man Who Captured Eichmann ( 1996 ) , A Family Thing ( 1996 ) , The Apostle ( 1997 ) , A Civil Action ( 1998 ) , Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , Gods and Generals ( 2003 ) , Secondhand Lions ( 2003 ) , Broken Trail ( 2006 ) , Get Low ( 2010 ) , Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , and The Judge ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea56f076b7ab08b0e8f12f8cf63f6358", "text": "Cinderella Jones Cinderella Jones is a 1946 American musical comedy film directed by Busby Berkeley and written by Charles Hoffman . The film stars Joan Leslie , Robert Alda , Julie Bishop , William Prince , S. Z. Sakall and Edward Everett Horton . The film was released by Warner Bros. on March 9 , 1946 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e1747f924f1b08b2c2873aaf45048b", "text": "Otto Hoffman Otto Hoffman ( May 2 , 1879 -- June 23 , 1944 ) was an American film actor . He appeared in 199 films between 1915 and 1944 . He was born in New York City and died in Los Angeles , California from lung cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f6f44b8fea223e948f2efb326a3ed6f", "text": "When a Man Loves a Woman (film) When a Man Loves a Woman is a 1994 American romantic drama film written by Al Franken and Ronald Bass , starring Andy García , Meg Ryan , Tina Majorino , Mae Whitman , Ellen Burstyn , Lauren Tom and Philip Seymour Hoffman . For her performance as an alcoholic mother , Ryan received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Female Actor in a Leading Role . The film 's title is taken from the song of the same name by Percy Sledge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce6144f21aedd6c0904ef060cc9b80e", "text": "The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing . The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dda2468ccc6f0cc9608b2bd9f61a2a2", "text": "Philip Anthony-Rodriguez Philip Anthony-Rodriguez ( born March 10 , 1968 ) is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles on Jake 2.0 as Kyle Duarte and the voice of disc jockey Maurice Chavez in the 2002 video game Grand Theft Auto : Vice City . In November 1990 , Philip originated the role of Ritchie Valens in the musical Buddy : The Buddy Holly Story . He provided the voice of the male version of protagonist SPARTAN-B312 in the 2010 video game Halo : Reach . He is the voice of Jetstream Sam in Metal Gear Rising : Revengeance . He also played Dr. Evans in Madea 's Big Happy Family . He recurred for six seasons as Ruben Enriquez in the ABC Family television series The Secret Life of the American Teenager . He played Nelson in film The Ode and had a guest role on the Disney Channel show Hannah Montana in 2009 and played Michael Grant in Castle in 2010 . In 2011 , he guest-starred on the Disney Channel show Shake It Up ( season 1 , episode 18 : `` Model It Up '' ) as designer Napoleon Fontaine and in 2013 on Modern Family in the episode `` The Big Game '' , and in 2014 as Mr. Eloquence on Real Husbands of Hollywood . Anthony-Rodriguez voices the role of Nick Mendoza in the video game Battlefield Hardline . In 2015 , he was announced as the voice of the Imperial Inquisitor , the Fifth Brother on the Disney XD animated series Star Wars Rebels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de77e8f88e4aa6857add8d7f9d90c4a2", "text": "Saratoga Trunk Saratoga Trunk is a 1945 American romantic drama film directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper , Ingrid Bergman , and Flora Robson . Written by Casey Robinson , and based on the novel Saratoga Trunk by Edna Ferber , the film is about a Texas gambler and a Creole daughter of an aristocratic family who work together to seek justice from a society that has rejected them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eee5cc2b389c67b8529bdbc181a249b", "text": "Person to Person (film) Person to Person is an American drama film directed and written by Dustin Guy Defa . The film stars Michael Cera , Tavi Gevinson , and Abbi Jacobson . The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20 , 2017 . It is scheduled to be released on July 28 , 2017 , by Magnolia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48929d0db43509ad9e93c04b85b6cea4", "text": "Gran Torino Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film co-stars Christopher Carley , Bee Vang and Ahney Her . This was Eastwood 's first starring role since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby . The film features a large Hmong American cast , as well as one of Eastwood 's younger sons , Scott . Eastwood 's oldest son , Kyle , provided the score . Gran Torino opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12 , 2008 , and later to a worldwide release on January 9 , 2009 . Set in Detroit , Michigan , it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans . Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975 . The story follows Walt Kowalski , a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world . Walt 's young neighbor , Thao Vang Lor , is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt 's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino for his initiation into a gang . Walt thwarts the theft with his M1 Garand rifle and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family . Gran Torino was a critical and commercial success , grossing nearly $ 270 million worldwide ( making it Eastwood 's second highest-grossing film to date ) . Within the Hmong community in the United States , the film received both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059585d933e4dd4309a0df6a332beb3d", "text": "The Glass Ceiling (film) The Glass Ceiling ( Spanish : El techo de cristal ) is a 1971 psychological thriller film , written and directed by Eloy de la Iglesia . It stars Carmen Sevilla , Dean Selmier and Patty Shepard . The plot follows a bored housewife who begins to suspect that her upstairs neighbor killed her invalid husband . Sevilla won a major award in her home country ( the Cinema Writers Circle Award ) for this performance . The film is somewhat inspired by Alfred Hitchcock 's Rear Window and the Hollywood paranoia classic George Cukor 's Gaslight , and the director 's own The Cannibal Man . The film was a commercial success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c7ef3c2adeac1da0c989700e723f327", "text": "Being Julia Being Julia is a 2004 comedy-drama film directed by István Szabó and starring Annette Bening and Jeremy Irons . The screenplay by Ronald Harwood is based on the novel Theatre ( 1937 ) by W. Somerset Maugham . The original film score was composed by Mychael Danna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9713caaa9368da3ecf14d3474681057", "text": "Boychoir (film) Boychoir is a 2014 American drama film directed by François Girard and written by Ben Ripley . The film stars Dustin Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Debra Winger , Josh Lucas and the American Boychoir School .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d4e2bd2a2bed83c7df6a5e727c24d8e3
The Narrows is an independent film.
[ { "docid": "ae67fd5926ee394c4f92c1bd00830259", "text": "The Narrows (film) The Narrows is an American 2008 independent film starring Kevin Zegers , Sophia Bush , Vincent D'Onofrio , Eddie Cahill and Monica Keena .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "834fc95d334afd1e374f733bcf5cfd59", "text": "Hacks (2002 film) Hacks is a 2002 independent film written and directed by Glenn Rockowitz . This film is a mockumentary shot in black and white but struggles to sit within any conventionally defined genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fa8ccf0073c5e475429ae791b06de54", "text": "Independent soft drink An independent soft drink is a soft drink generally made by smaller privately run businesses or smaller corporations who use alternative marketing strategies to promote their product . The label was arguably started in the early 1970s in response to Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola 's mass media campaigns for the edge in the beverage market . Several groups decided to protest by making and in some cases publicly distributing their homemade brew . Jones Soda is one of the more commonly known `` independent '' companies . Category : Soft drinks", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcfcf712016410e2ab90a10445e6a506", "text": "Bare Bones International Film Festival The Bare Bones International Film and Music Festival was founded in 1999 by the Darkwood Film Arts Institute ( DFAI ) in the city of Muskogee , Oklahoma to showcase independent motion picture projects with budgets of less than 1 million dollars ( hence Bare Bones ) . The festival runs for eleven days each year in late April at several venues in downtown Muskogee . MovieMaker Magazine called Bare Bones a `` small-town festival that celebrates indie auteurs , directors , screenwriters , actors and cinematographers in a big way . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2156ee44e53e650fabb63736ea43df73", "text": "Film1 Sundance Film1 Sundance ( also called Film1 Sundance Channel ) is a Dutch premium television channel . It 's the Dutch version of the American cable television network SundanceTV devoted to airing independent feature films , world cinema , documentaries , short films , television series , and original programs , such as news about the latest developments from each year 's Sundance Film Festival . The channel launched on 1 March 2012 and replaced the television channel Film1 Festival . All films are shown uncut and without commercial interruptions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be8ef247d83f3f3d1808560cac33d111", "text": "Primer (film) Primer is a 2004 American independent science fiction drama film about the accidental discovery of time travel . The film was written , directed , produced , edited and scored by Shane Carruth , who also stars . Primer is of note for its extremely low budget , experimental plot structure , philosophical implications , and complex technical dialogue , which Carruth , a college graduate with a degree in mathematics and a former engineer , chose not to simplify for the sake of the audience . The film collected the Grand Jury Prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , before securing a limited release in the United States , and has since gained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faff771ed2a2627b6b59f379e2c4abbe", "text": "Loose Change Loose Change is a series of films released between 2005 and 2009 that argue in favor of certain conspiracy theories relating to the September 11th attacks . The films were written and directed by Dylan Avery and produced by Korey Rowe , Jason Bermas , and Matthew Brown . The original 2005 film was edited and re-released as Loose Change : 2nd Edition ( 2006 ) , and then subsequently edited a third time for the 2nd Edition Recut ( 2007 ) . Loose Change : Final Cut , deemed `` the third and final release of this documentary series '' was released on DVD and Web-streaming format on November 11 , 2007 . Another version of the film , Loose Change 9/11 : An American Coup , released on September 22 , 2009 , is narrated by Daniel Sunjata and distributed by Microcinema International . Coverage of the film increased in 2006 with the recut release having airings on U.S. and European television stations and over 4 million views online in four months , leading Vanity Fair to say it could be the first internet blockbuster . Loose Change asserts that the usual account of the Pentagon attack , World Trade Center collapse and United 93 phone calls and crash is implausible and instead suggests the 9/11 attacks were a false flag operation . The film 's main claims have been debunked by journalists , independent researchers , and prominent members of the scientific and engineering community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4cb635e90a26032ac7e15a3e0102454", "text": "POV (TV series) POV ( also written P.O.V. ) is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) public television series which features independent nonfiction films . POV is an initialism for point of view . POV is the longest-running showcase on television for independent documentary films . PBS presents 14 -- 16 POV programs each year , and the series has premiered over 400 films to U.S. television audiences since 1988 . POVs films have a strong first-person , social-issue focus . Many established directors , including Michael Moore , Jonathan Demme , Terry Zwigoff , Errol Morris , Albert and David Maysles , Michael Apted , Frederick Wiseman , Marlon Riggs , and Ross McElwee have had work screened as part of the POV series . The series has garnered both critical and industry acclaim over its almost 30 years on television . POV films have won every major film and broadcasting award including 34 Emmys , 19 George Foster Peabody Awards , 12 Alfred I. duPont-Columbia Broadcast Journalism Awards , three Academy Awards , the first-ever George Polk Documentary Film Award and the Prix Italia . It is a project of the independent non-profit , American Documentary , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86ae94ce7fc178f7a0aa415c198ed621", "text": "Oscilloscope (company) Oscilloscope is an independent film company founded by Adam Yauch and former THINKFilm executive and A24 founder David Fenkel . It also has a recording studio and film production facilities . Fenkel returned to the company on May 4 , 2012 following Yauch 's death . In 2012 Fenkel left the company , which is now headed by Dan Berger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1146f2b571a710c163739ce10c7298e", "text": "Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film . Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally . Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors . Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "859945dc480dc057c706703f0882d0f1", "text": "Limited Partnership (film) Limited Partnership is a 2014 American documentary film directed by Thomas G. Miller . Through archival footage and modern interviews , it covers a 40-year marriage between two gay rights activists in the US . It premiered at the 2014 Los Angeles Film Festival and aired on Independent Lens , a PBS program , in June 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef7b81e7431d09e59d0d2ae1275eca9f", "text": "Spare Change (film) Spare Change is an American comedy independent film directed by Jonathan Talbert and Arturo Guzman . The film made its premiere at the Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival on February 14 , 2015 where Elyse Levesque took home the award for Best Supporting Actress . The film was released worldwide on VOD and Digital Download on August 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc24aca1de49c2bb1213b0a4266f2f6f", "text": "Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing The Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing is one of the annual awards given by Independent Spirit Awards , a non-profit organization dedicated to independent film and independent filmmakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23269824bbb959697446253bd708821", "text": "Split Film Festival Split Film Festival or Split International Festival of New Film , is one of the oldest film and video festivals in Croatia that showcases new , creative , personal , radical works of all styles , themes , genres and lengths , whether film , or new media , preferably from outside the mainstream . Festival 's previous guests included Chris Marker , Jonas Mekas , Jean Marie Straub & Daniele Huillot , late Stan Brakhage , Claire Denis , Bela Tarr , Lars von Trier and Cyrus Frisch . The Festival presents screenings of selected films , videos , interactive media , installations , performances , retrospectives workshops , discussions and festival 's catalogue . Split Film Festival takes place every Summer in Split , Croatia . The Festival is open to all new , innovative , personal , experimental film , radical , subversive etc. work ( film , video and new media ) of all genres and lengths , preferably from outside the mainstream , whether it was made on a shoestring budget or is a studio release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0004b64238a481645cd0a6dfd358ac00", "text": "The Narrows (Zion National Park) The Narrows in Zion National Park , ( near Springdale , Utah ) is a section of canyon on the North Fork of the Virgin River . The hike of The Narrows is one of the premier hikes on the Colorado Plateau . The term The Narrows refers to both the through-hike of The Narrows , and to The Narrows themselves , especially the 3.6 mi long section of canyon between the end of the Riverside Walk Trail and Big Spring . The Narrows lies north of , and upstream of , the main Zion Canyon . Hiking the Narrows was rated # 5 in the National Geographic ranking of America 's Best 100 Adventures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a3813a27d665b2dc787f413703fb5db", "text": "Meniscus Film Festival The Meniscus Film Festival is an annual event which takes place in Grimsby , North East Lincolnshire , England . Based at the Whitgift Film Theatre ( Whitgift School ) in Grimsby the festival screens a range of independent films and has been running since 2001 . The Festival regularly shows locally produced films . Various fringe events also take place at separate venues in the region during the festival and a number of other film-based activities are run throughout the year . The festival includes a competition for film makers to make a film under 5 minutes in duration based upon a creative title . The winner of the competition receives an award and a cash prize . It is organised on a voluntary basis and funding is sourced from the local authority , The National Lottery and through private support .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da849e329be783766a2d8c2076e63dd7", "text": "Pontypool (film) Pontypool is a 2008 Canadian horror film directed by Bruce McDonald and written by Tony Burgess , based on his novel Pontypool Changes Everything .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27726fe7d561dd1b0bc850d17bba2d94", "text": "California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bbacb648cd65c2067885e00952d9d3", "text": "Truly Indie Truly Indie is an `` innovative distribution program '' providing independent filmmakers the sales and marketing tools necessary to distribute their films by-passing traditional distribution companies . By providing a way for self-funded distribution , Truly Indie aims to enable filmmakers to `` retain control '' over all rights and decisions relating to their films . The program was launched by Mark Cuban and Todd Wagner 's media company 2929 Entertainment in 2005 in Austin , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd40cdd95ff28f9324054632746f69bf", "text": "The Film Collaborative The Film Collaborative ( TFC ) is the first non-profit , full-service provider dedicated to the distribution of independent film , including narrative features and documentaries . Based in Los Angeles , The Film Collaborative services filmmakers worldwide by providing distribution guidance and support as well as theatrical , film festival and digital distribution of art house , independent and world cinema .", "title": "" } ]
fever
2d086d23aac75eb5fef9ca502e78ff2f
Snoop Dogg was born in October 1971.
[ { "docid": "2ab31f920ee50be90ba28c612fe51676", "text": "Snoop Dogg Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg ( sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion ) , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic ( 1992 ) . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland ( 2009 ) , and Doggumentary ( 2011 ) , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 . Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win . In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7311a2e99061e5d7847fd7deec6133c9", "text": "Earl Sweatshirt Thebe Neruda Kgositsile ( born February 24 , 1994 ) , better known by his stage name Earl Sweatshirt , is an American rapper , record producer , and disc jockey from Los Angeles , California . He originally went by the moniker Sly Tendencies in 2008 , but soon changed it when Tyler , The Creator invited him to join his hip hop collective Odd Future in late 2009 . He gained recognition and critical praise for his debut mixtape Earl , released in March 2010 . Following its release , his mother sent him to a boarding school in Samoa until his eighteenth birthday , and he was not able to produce new music for a year and a half . After returning to Los Angeles in February 2012 , Earl rejoined Odd Future and started producing new music . Earl released his debut studio album , Doris in August 2013 . His sophomore album , I Do n't Like Shit , I Do n't Go Outside : An Album by Earl Sweatshirt followed in March 2015 . Both received widespread critical acclaim . He is currently signed to Columbia Records as well as his independent label Tan Cressida . As well as to his solo and Odd Future careers , Earl is also one half of EarlWolf with Tyler , The Creator , one half of Sweaty Martians with Matt Martians , and one half of Hog Slaughta Boyz with Na ` kel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7152ae9c006dedef1d7c59bbc167db49", "text": "Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) . Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States . In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold . Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' . In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States . The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States . The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle . Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks . In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts . The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week . In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States . In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US . Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 . In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks n His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "594492158a58aafc723872d07825f046", "text": "Doggfather `` Doggfather '' is a single by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg . It was released in August 26 , 1997 as the last single from Snoop Dogg 's second studio album Tha Doggfather .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecf0efc250126c4bb86edc6b915c630b", "text": "Kenneth McGriff Kenneth `` Supreme '' McGriff ( born September 19 , 1960 ) is a convicted American drug trafficker and organized crime figure . McGriff came to prominence in the early 1980s when he formed his own crack distributing organization which he called the Supreme Team based in the South Jamaica section of Queens , New York . Under McGriff 's leadership , the gang 's numbers swelled to the hundreds and came to control the crack cocaine trade in the Baisley Park Houses , the neighborhood where McGriff was raised . In 1987 , McGriff was arrested following a joint state and federal investigation and in 1989 pleaded guilty to engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise . He was sentenced to 12 years incarceration . McGriff was released from prison on parole in early 1994 after serving approximately seven years of his sentence . He was sent back to prison on parole violations by year 's end , and served another 2 1/2 years ' incarceration before being released in 1997 . McGriff is alleged to have had a hand in the 2002 murder of Run D.M.C. member Jam Master Jay , and was convicted of ordering the 2001 killing of Mobb Deep affiliate E-Moneybags ( real name Eric Smith ) . Federal authorities also accused him in connection with the attempted murder of 50 Cent . Persistent rumors suggest that McGriff felt 50 Cent had exposed too much of the drug kingpin in Jamaica , Queens and others involved in the drug trade through the lyrics of his song `` Ghetto Qu ` ran '' released in 2000 . On February 1 , 2007 McGriff was convicted of murder-for-hire at a Federal court in the Eastern District of New York on charges that he paid $ 50,000 to have two rivals ( Eric Smith and `` Big Nose '' Troy Singleton ) gunned down in 2001 . The jury deliberated for five days before finding McGriff guilty of murder conspiracy and drug trafficking . On February 9 , 2007 , the same jury sentenced McGriff to life in prison . Throughout this case he was defended by a court-appointed attorney because nearly all of his assets had been seized . McGriff began serving his life sentence at ADX Florence , the federal supermax prison in Colorado , but in 2011 was transferred to the United States Penitentiary , Lee , a high-security federal prison in Pennington Gap , Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad6673fcb603b9a86808a8f7c5301e8", "text": "Busta Rhymes Trevor George Smith Jr. ( born May 20 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes , is an American rapper , actor , record producer and record executive . Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes , after NFL wide receiver George `` Buster '' Rhymes . He is widely known for his outlandish style and fashion sense depicted in several highly innovative music videos as well as his intricate rhyming technique , rapping at a high rate of speed with heavy use of internal rhyme and half rhyme , and to date has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his musical work . About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time ( 1987 -- 2007 ) , while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s . In 2012 , The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time . MTV has called him `` one of hip-hop 's greatest visual artists . '' Busta Rhymes was an original member of Leaders of the New School . He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate ( initially Flipmode Entertainment ) and production crew The Conglomerate ( formerly Flipmode Squad ) . In November 2011 , Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records . On July 23 , 2014 , Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to creative differences and was no longer on Republic . In 2016 Rhymes signed with Epic for his upcoming album due to be released in early 2017 . He has so far released nine studio albums , with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming . His list of hit singles include `` Woo Hah !! Got You All in Check '' , `` Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See '' , `` Dangerous '' , `` Turn It Up ( Remix ) / Fire It Up '' , `` Gim me Some More '' , `` What 's It Gon na Be ?! '' , `` Pass the Courvoisier , Part II '' , `` I Know What You Want '' and `` Touch It '' , among several others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888f1cf1f2086a952293cdd563f261f0", "text": "Danny Boy (singer) Danny Boy Steward ( born October 31 , 1977 ) is a Chicago native known by his stage name Danny Boy or DB . He is a contemporary African-American soul singer originally signed for a five-year run with Death Row Records by Suge Knight . He made his debut on 1994 's Murder Was the Case soundtrack with the R&B charter Come When I Call ( Produced by DJ Quik ) . In 1995 , he released his first single entitled Slip N Slide ( Produced by Reggie Moore and co-produced by DeVante Swing ) with then unknown artist Ginuwine singing the chorus . The video was shot in Cabo , and also features scenes with 2Pac , Snoop Dogg , Nate Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound . Danny is best known for singing the choruses of the 2Pac songs `` I Ai n't Mad at Cha '' , `` What ' z Ya Phone # '' , `` Picture Me Rollin ' '' and `` Heaven Ai n't Hard 2 Find '' on All Eyez on Me , as well as `` Toss It Up '' on The Don Killuminati : The 7 Day Theory . He had recorded several albums ' worth of music while on Death Row Records , but none were released during his time there . Danny Boy also made an appearance on Tha Row 's soundtrack to Eddie Griffin 's Dysfunktional Family movie and also appeared on American Idol , but was disqualified due to continued internet promotion by his former label . He is currently working on some projects for his own label `` Eclectic Soul Music Group '' and resides in the suburbs of Atlanta , Georgia . On April 20 , 2010 Death Row Records , under new management , finally released Danny Boy 's 1996 debut album It 's About Time featuring production by DJ Quik & DeVante Swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c74cc571fbbf84204229a85bb0c70e4", "text": "Assata Shakur Assata Olugbala Shakur ( born JoAnne Deborah Byron ; July 16 , 1947 ) , whose married name was Chesimard , is an African-American activist , member of the former Black Panther Party ( BPP ) and Black Liberation Army ( BLA ) , who was convicted of murder in 1977 . She escaped from prison in 1979 and fled to Cuba in 1984 , gaining political asylum . Between 1971 and 1973 , Shakur was charged with several crimes and was the subject of a multi-state manhunt . In May 1973 , Shakur was involved in a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike , in which New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster was killed and Trooper James Harper was grievously assaulted ; she was charged in these attacks . BLA member Zayd Malik Shakur was also killed in the incident , and Shakur was wounded . Between 1973 and 1977 , Shakur was indicted in relation to six other incidents -- charged with murder , attempted murder , armed robbery , bank robbery , and kidnapping . She was acquitted on three of the charges and three were dismissed . In 1977 , she was convicted of the first-degree murder of Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the shootout . Shakur was incarcerated in several prisons in the 1970s . She escaped from prison in 1979 and , after living as a fugitive for several years , fled to Cuba in 1984 , where she received political asylum . She has been living in Cuba ever since . Since May 2 , 2005 , the FBI has classified her as a domestic terrorist and offered a $ 1 million reward for assistance in her capture . On May 2 , 2013 , the FBI added her to the Most Wanted Terrorist List ; the first woman to be listed . On the same day , the New Jersey Attorney General offered to match the FBI reward , increasing the total reward for her capture to $ 2 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8d168628e6b70b8e3b129713cde680", "text": "Reincarnated (album) Reincarnated is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Snoop Dogg . It is his first release under his reggae persona Snoop Lion . The album was released on April 23 , 2013 , under Berhane Sound System , Mad Decent , Vice Records and RCA Records . The album is his departure from hip hop and his debut in the reggae genre . The album 's production was handled mainly by Diplo and his group Major Lazer . The album features guest appearances from Busta Rhymes , Akon , Chris Brown , Mavado , Popcaan , Mr. Vegas , Collie Buddz , Miley Cyrus , Rita Ora , and Drake among others . The album 's production was handled by Major Lazer , Ariel Rechtshaid , 6Blocc , Dre Skull , Supa Dups and Diplo , who also served as executive producer . It is a companion project to the documentary film Reincarnated . The album was nominated at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Reggae Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99beda9d496396ec6662696f75082983", "text": "La La La (Snoop Lion song) `` La La La '' is a song by American rapper Snoop Lion ( mainly known as Snoop Dogg ) , taken from Snoop Lion 's twelfth studio album Reincarnated ( 2013 ) . The song was written by Snoop , Ariel Rechtshaid , Ken Boothe , Thomas Pentz , Joelle Clarke and William Cole , with production handled by Major Lazer and Dre Skull . `` La La La '' was released on July 20 , 2012 as the promotional single from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f9c9499da715804463385c2ce36ad8", "text": "Nate Dogg discography The discography of American recording artist Nate Dogg consists of three studio albums , one compilation album , one collaboration album , and 40 singles ( including 35 singles as a featured artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85a2b8fd164cb492cc4639414d45a75b", "text": "ASAP Ferg Darold D. Brown Ferguson , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name ASAP Ferg ( stylized as A$ AP Ferg ) , is an American rapper from New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . Aside from his solo career , he is a member of the hip hop collective A$ AP Mob , from which he adopted his moniker . In January 2013 , Ferg signed a solo record deal with Polo Grounds and RCA , the same labels that helped launch A$ AP Worldwide , when Ferg 's A$ AP Mob cohorts A$ AP Rocky and the late A$ AP Yams , negotiated their own respective deal in 2011 . His debut album Trap Lord was released on August 20 , 2013 , and was met with generally positive reviews . On April 22 , 2016 , Ferg released his second studio album , Always Strive and Prosper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e648e3862cfdf2acd9bed0387e6f4da", "text": "Over the Counter (album) Over the Counter is the debut demo album and is the officially unreleased but heavily bootlegged debut studio album by rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg . Guest appearances include Tha Dogg Pound , Dr. Dre , Nate Dogg , Warren G , George Clinton and others . The album was released only on cassette version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432187f93c61b32506c6b2b8b5499abb", "text": "It Blows My Mind `` It Blows My Mind '' is a song by American rapper Snoop Dogg , featuring guest vocals from American singer Pharrell Williams , taken from The Neptunes 's first compilation album Clones . The song was written by Snoop Dogg , Chad Hugo and Pharrell , with production handled by The Neptunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "479280f5a25c9b53d3677a3966dcb19e", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Snoop Dogg The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American rapper Snoop Dogg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8361d4693f917e7d08e2af3d2d6193c7", "text": "So Fly (213 song) `` So Fly '' is a song performed by American Hip Hop supergroup 213 , which consisted of Snoop Dogg , Warren G and Nate Dogg . was released on July 6 , 2004 as the first single of his debut studio album The Hard Way , with the record label TVT Records . The song was produced by Spike & Jamahl and Missy Elliott . It uses the same backing track as another Elliott-produced song , So Gone which had been released by Monica the previous year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff44ca6a4a89a11e77d02c978f43fd36", "text": "To Live and Die in CA To Live and Die in CA is the second compilation album by rapper Daz Dillinger . It was released on October 1 , 2002 through D.P.G. Recordz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2de4f31e7894063e682e7c5ead678009", "text": "Suicide Tour: Ten Years Later The Suicide Tour ( 10 Years Later ) is a 3-disc bootleg compilation of Brotha Lynch Hung songs , released by Siccmade Muzicc on October 7 , 2014 . It features Snoop Dogg , Bad Azz , Keak Da Sneak , Xzibit , Warren G , X-Raided , Art B. , Zigg Zagg , Phonk Beta , Loki , D-Dubb , C.O.S. , and the original Siccmade Muzicc family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de", "text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7cd38c7f10618768e1e8e9269c11c61", "text": "Coffee from Colombia Coffee from Colombia ( feat . Snoop Dogg ) is the eleventh studio album by Azerbaijani singer-songwriter-diva Aygün Kazımova , released on April 21 , 2014 , by DMC .", "title": "" } ]
fever
b4a39ade475f10512e56a907b7609ace
Stephen Hawking is not paralysed
[ { "docid": "013109d78e2421d29f52a54557397359", "text": "Stephen Hawking Stephen William Hawking , ( born 8 January 1942 ) is an English theoretical physicist , cosmologist , author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge . His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation , often called Hawking radiation . Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics . He is a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics . Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts , a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences , and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian award in the US . In 2002 , Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC 's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons . He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general ; his book A Brief History of Time appeared on the British Sunday Times best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks . Hawking has a rare early-onset , slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) that has gradually paralysed him over the decades . He now communicates using a single cheek muscle attached to a speech-generating device .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0165abb49c1fa6bc707f36210bb5f29c", "text": "Illusionism (philosophy) Illusionism is a metaphysical theory first propounded by professor Saul Smilansky of the University of Haifa . It holds that people have illusory beliefs about free will . Furthermore , it holds that it is both of key importance and morally right that people not be disabused of these beliefs , because the illusion has benefits both to individuals and to society . Giving up a belief in hard incompatibilism , argues Smilansky , removes an individual 's basis for a sense of self-worth in his or her own achievements . It is `` extremely damaging to our view of ourselves , to our sense of achievement , worth , and self-respect '' . Neither compatibilism nor hard determinism are the whole story , according to Smilansky , and there exists an ultimate perspective in which some parts of compatibilism are valid and some parts of hard determinism are valid . However , Smilansky asserts , the nature of what he terms the fundamental dualism between hard determinism and compatibilism is a morally undesirable one , in that both beliefs , in their absolute forms , have adverse consequences . The distinctions between choice and luck made by compatibilism are important , but wholly undermined by hard determinism . But , conversely , hard determinism undermines the morally important notions of justice and respect , leaving them nothing more than `` shallow '' notions . Smilansky 's thesis is considered a radical one , and other philosophers disagree with it . Professor Derk Pereboom of Cornell University , for example , disagrees that hard incompatibilism necessarily does away with self-worth , because to a large extent that sense of self-worth is n't related to will at all , let alone to free will . Aspects of worthiness such as natural beauty , native physical ability , and intelligence are not voluntary . Professor James Lenman of the University of Glasgow ( at the time ) takes a similar line , arguing that Smilansky 's expression of the problems is overstated . The problems that he presents are less fundamentally metaphysical than simply practical in nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e859a91923f5bd9756ab50a773155a6", "text": "Heisenberg's microscope Heisenberg 's microscope exists only as a thought experiment , one that was proposed by Werner Heisenberg , criticized by his mentor Niels Bohr , and subsequently served as the nucleus of some commonly held ideas , and misunderstandings , about Quantum Mechanics . In particular , it provided an argument for the uncertainty principle on the basis of the principles of classical optics . Recent theoretical and experimental developments have argued that Heisenberg 's intuitive explanation of his mathematical result are misleading . While the act of measurement does lead to uncertainty , the loss of precision is less than that predicted by Heisenberg 's argument when measured at the level of an individual state . The formal mathematical result remains valid , however , and the original intuitive argument has also been vindicated mathematically when the notion of disturbance is expanded to be independent of any specific state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f24bdca6b9a4074295bd06a9524d0a8", "text": "Quantum brain dynamics In neuroscience , quantum brain dynamics ( QBD ) is a hypothesis to explain the function of the brain within the framework of quantum field theory . As described by Harald Atmanspacher , since quantum theory is the most fundamental theory of matter that is currently available , it is a legitimate question to ask whether quantum theory can help us to understand consciousness . Large systems , such as those studied biologically , have less symmetry than the idealized systems or single crystals often studied in physics . Jeffrey Goldstone proved that where symmetry is broken , additional bosons , the Nambu -- Goldstone bosons , will then be observed in the spectrum of possible states ; one canonical example being the phonon in a crystal . Ricciardi and Umezawa proposed in 1967 a general theory of quanta of long-range coherent waves within and between brain cells , and showed a possible mechanism of memory storage and retrieval in terms of Nambu -- Goldstone bosons . This was later fleshed out into a theory encompassing all biological cells and systems in the quantum biodynamics of Del Giudice and co-authors . Mari Jibu and Kunio Yasue later popularized these results and discussed the implications towards consciousness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74549bbd1985a41e2a52fe32a6f174e5", "text": "Vertiginous question Benj Hellie 's vertiginous question is as follows . Of all the subjects of experience out there , why is this one -- the one corresponding to the human being referred to as Benj Hellie -- the one whose experiences are live ? ( The reader is supposed to substitute his/her own case for Hellie 's . ) A simple response to this question is that it reduces to `` Why are Hellie 's experiences live from Hellie 's perspective , '' which is trivial to answer . However , Hellie argues , through a parable , that this response leaves something out . The parable describes two situations , one reflecting a broad global constellation view of the world and everyone 's phenomenal features , and one describing an embedded view from the perspective of a single subject . The former seems to align better with the simple response above , but the latter seems a better description of consciousness . David Chalmers has written a response to Hellie . Hellie 's argument is also closely related to Caspar Hare 's theories of egocentric presentism and perspectival realism , of which several other philosophers have written reviews . Similar questions are also asked repeatedly by J.J. Valberg in justifying his horizonal view of the self .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1162e488e462fd9807e75b3ce3cf97a6", "text": "Universal probability bound A universal probability bound is a probabilistic threshold whose existence is asserted by William A. Dembski and is used by him in his works promoting intelligent design . It is defined as Dembski asserts that one can effectively estimate a positive value which is a universal probability bound . The existence of such a bound would imply that certain kinds of random events whose probability lies below this value can be assumed not to have occurred in the observable universe , given the resources available in the entire history of the observable universe . Contrapositively , Dembski uses the threshold to argue that the occurrence of certain events can not be attributed to chance alone . Universal probability bound is then used to argue against random evolution . However evolution is not based on random events only ( genetic drift ) , but also on natural selection . The idea that events with fantastically small , but positive probabilities , are effectively negligible was discussed by the French mathematician Émile Borel primarily in the context of cosmology and statistical mechanics . However , there is no widely accepted scientific basis for claiming that certain positive values are universal cutoff points for effective negligibility of events . Borel , in particular , was careful to point out that negligibility was relative to a model of probability for a specific physical system . Dembski appeals to cryptographic practice in support of the concept of the universal probability bound , noting that cryptographers have sometimes compared the security of encryption algorithms against brute force attacks by the likelihood of success of an adversary utilizing computational resources bounded by very large physical constraints . An example of such a constraint might be obtained for example , by assuming that every atom in the observable universe is a computer of a certain type and these computers are running through and testing every possible key . However , universal measures of security are used much less frequently than asymptotic ones . The fact that a keyspace is very large is useless if the cryptographic algorithm used has vulnerabilities which make it susceptible to other kinds of attacks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "045db6e3608de0b7df3dc92ba3a2c086", "text": "Spaghettification In astrophysics , spaghettification ( sometimes referred to as the noodle effect ) is the vertical stretching and horizontal compression of objects into long thin shapes ( rather like spaghetti ) in a very strong non-homogeneous gravitational field ; it is caused by extreme tidal forces . In the most extreme cases , near black holes , the stretching is so powerful that no object can withstand it , no matter how strong its components . Within a small region the horizontal compression balances the vertical stretching so that small objects being spaghettified experience no net change in volume . Stephen Hawking describes the flight of a fictional astronaut who , passing within a black hole 's event horizon , is `` stretched like spaghetti '' by the gravitational gradient ( difference in strength ) from head to toe . The reason this happens would be because the gravity exerted from the singularity would be much stronger at one end of your body from the other . If one were to fall into a black hole feet first , the gravity at his/her feet would be much stronger than at their head , causing the person to be vertically stretched . Along with that , the right side of the body will be pulled to the left , and the left side of the body will be pulled to the right , horizontally compressing the person . However , the term `` spaghettification '' was established well before this .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "245e46ce2cbe7b387ac0c0c112c5981f", "text": "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence The search for extraterrestrial intelligence ( SETI ) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life , for example , monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other worlds . There are great challenges in searching the universe for signs of intelligent life , including their identification and interpretation . As various SETI projects have progressed , their claims have been criticized by some researchers as being too `` euphoric '' . Scientific investigation of the potential phenomenon began shortly after the advent of radio in the early 1900s . Focused international efforts to answer a variety of scientific questions have been going on since the 1980s . In 2015 , Stephen Hawking and Russian billionaire Yuri Milner announced a well-funded effort , called the Breakthrough Initiatives to expand efforts to search for extraterrestrial life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4755e5d6c843cd02dc86e8de1ac53c4f", "text": "Jane Hawking Jane Beryl Wilde Hawking Jones , Ph.D. ( née Wilde , born 29 March 1944 , known publicly as Jane Hawking ) is an English author and educator . She is the author of the autobiography Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen , to whom she was married .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "035e53577603ae650a0675168592c1d0", "text": "Universal wavefunction The universal wavefunction or universal wave function is a term introduced by Hugh Everett in his PhD thesis The Theory of the Universal Wave Function , and forms a core concept in the relative state interpretation or many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics . It has also received more recent investigation from James Hartle and Stephen Hawking in which they derive a specific solution to the Wheeler-deWitt equation to explain the initial conditions of the Big Bang cosmology . Everett 's thesis introduction reads : The universal wave function is the wavefunction or quantum state of the totality of existence , regarded as the `` basic physical entity '' or `` the fundamental entity , obeying at all times a deterministic wave equation . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d5d4d24541dc5d08e3079c1e500f6b", "text": "Shadows of the Mind Shadows of the Mind : A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness is a 1994 book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose , and serves as a followup to his 1989 book The Emperor 's New Mind : Concerning Computers , Minds and The Laws of Physics . Penrose hypothesizes that : Human consciousness is non-algorithmic , and thus is not capable of being modelled by a conventional Turing machine-type of digital computer . Quantum mechanics plays an essential role in the understanding of human consciousness , specifically , he believes that microtubules within neurons support quantum superpositions . The objective collapse of the quantum wavefunction of the microtubules is critical for consciousness . The collapse in question is physical behaviour that is non-algorithmic and transcends the limits of computability . The human mind has abilities that no Turing machine could possess because of this mechanism of non-computable physics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01909cf29fa8ceadb89e8d7ba7defeea", "text": "Deceleration parameter The deceleration parameter in cosmology is a dimensionless measure of the cosmic acceleration of the expansion of space in a Friedmann -- Lemaître -- Robertson -- Walker universe . It is defined by : where is the scale factor of the universe and the dots indicate derivatives by proper time . The expansion of the universe is said to be `` accelerating '' if ( recent measurements suggest it is ) , and in this case the deceleration parameter will be negative . The minus sign and name `` deceleration parameter '' are historical ; at the time of definition was thought to be positive , now it is believed to be negative . The Friedmann acceleration equation can be written as where is the energy density of the universe , is its pressure , and is the equation of state of the universe . This can be rewritten as by using the first Friedmann equation , where is the Hubble parameter and or depending on whether the universe is hyperspherical , flat or hyperbolic respectively . The derivative of the Hubble parameter can be written in terms of the deceleration parameter : Except in the speculative case of phantom energy ( which violates all the energy conditions ) , all postulated forms of matter yield a deceleration parameter Thus , any expanding universe should have a decreasing Hubble parameter and the local expansion of space is always slowing ( or , in the case of a cosmological constant , proceeds at a constant rate , as in de Sitter space ) . Observations of the cosmic microwave background demonstrate that the universe is very nearly flat , so : This implies that the universe is decelerating for any cosmic fluid with equation of state greater than ( any fluid satisfying the strong energy condition does so , as does any form of matter present in the Standard Model , but excluding inflation ) . However observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that is negative ; the expansion of the universe is accelerating . This is an indication that the gravitational attraction of matter , on the cosmological scale , is more than counteracted by the negative pressure of dark energy , in the form of either quintessence or a positive cosmological constant . Before the first indications of an accelerating universe , in 1998 , it was thought that the universe was dominated by dust with negligible equation of state , This had suggested that the deceleration parameter was equal to one half ; the experimental effort to confirm this prediction led to the discovery of possible acceleration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60be38d24ad8452c5c6c446d44050503", "text": "Big Bang The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution . The model describes how the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state , and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of phenomena , including the abundance of light elements , the cosmic microwave background , large scale structure and Hubble 's Law . If the known laws of physics are extrapolated to the highest density regime , the result is a singularity which is typically associated with the Big Bang . Detailed measurements of the expansion rate of the universe place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago , which is thus considered the age of the universe . After the initial expansion , the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles , and later simple atoms . Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity in halos of dark matter , eventually forming the stars and galaxies visible today . Since Georges Lemaître first noted in 1927 that an expanding universe could be traced back in time to an originating single point , scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion . While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories , the Big Bang and the Steady State theory , empirical evidence provides strong support for the former . In 1929 , from analysis of galactic redshifts , Edwin Hubble concluded , that galaxies are drifting apart ; this is important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe . In 1964 , the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered , which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model , since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered . More recently , measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating , an observation attributed to dark energy 's existence . The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7fb0928d9514372d72aec399b19c7fe", "text": "Scientific theory A scientific theory is an explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can , in accordance with the scientific method , be repeatedly tested , using a predefined protocol of observations and experiments . Established scientific theories have withstood rigorous scrutiny and are a comprehensive form of scientific knowledge . It is important to note that the definition of a `` scientific theory '' ( often ambiguously contracted to `` theory '' for the sake of brevity , including in this page ) as used in the disciplines of science is significantly different from the common vernacular usage of the word `` theory '' . Per NAS 2008 : `` The formal scientific definition of theory is quite different from the everyday meaning of the word . It refers to a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence . '' In everyday non-scientific speech , `` theory '' can imply that something is an unsubstantiated and speculative guess , conjecture , idea , or , hypothesis ; such a usage is the opposite of the word `` theory '' in science . These different usages are comparable to the differing , and often opposing , usages of the term `` prediction '' in science versus `` prediction '' in vernacular speech , denoting a mere hope . The strength of a scientific theory is related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain . As additional scientific evidence is gathered , a scientific theory may be rejected or modified if it does not fit the new empirical findings ; in such circumstances , a more accurate theory is then desired . In certain cases , the less-accurate unmodified scientific theory can still be treated as a theory if it is useful ( due to its sheer simplicity ) as an approximation under specific conditions ( e.g. , Newton 's laws of motion as an approximation to special relativity at velocities that are small relative to the speed of light ) . Scientific theories are testable and make falsifiable predictions . They describe the causal elements responsible for a particular natural phenomenon , and are used to explain and predict aspects of the physical universe or specific areas of inquiry ( e.g. , electricity , chemistry , astronomy ) . Scientists use theories as a foundation to gain further scientific knowledge , as well as to accomplish goals such as inventing technology or curing disease . As with other forms of scientific knowledge , scientific theories are both deductive and inductive in nature and aim for predictive power and explanatory capability . Paleontologist , evolutionary biologist , and science historian Stephen Jay Gould said , `` ... facts and theories are different things , not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty . Facts are the world ′ s data . Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b80adeaa54d256679e9fa1bd77f3d7d", "text": "Gravitational anomaly In theoretical physics , a gravitational anomaly is an example of a gauge anomaly : it is an effect of quantum mechanics -- usually a one-loop diagram -- that invalidates the general covariance of a theory of general relativity combined with some other fields . The adjective `` gravitational '' is derived from the symmetry of a gravitational theory , namely from general covariance . A gravitational anomaly is generally synonmous with diffeomorphism anomaly , since general covariance is symmetry under coordinate reparametrization ; i.e. diffeomorphism . General covariance is the basis of general relativity , the current theory of gravitation . Moreover , it is necessary for the consistency of any theory of quantum gravity , since it is required in order to cancel unphysical degrees of freedom with a negative norm , namely gravitons polarized along the time direction . Therefore , all gravitational anomalies must cancel out . The anomaly usually appears as a Feynman diagram with a chiral fermion running in the loop ( a polygon ) with n external gravitons attached to the loop where where is the spacetime dimension . Field-theoretic pure gravitational anomalies occur only in even spacetime dimensions . However , diffeomorphism anomalies can occur in the case of an odd-dimensional spacetime manifold with boundary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a51480a07fbac698e5153789c5f69391", "text": "Black-hole cosmology A black-hole cosmology ( also called Schwarzschild cosmology or black-hole cosmological model ) is a cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole . Such models were originally proposed by theoretical physicist Raj Pathria , and concurrently by mathematician I. J. Good . Any such model requires that the Hubble radius of the observable universe is equal to its Schwarzschild radius , that is , the product of its mass and the Schwarzschild proportionality constant . This is indeed known to be nearly the case ; however , most cosmologists consider this close match a coincidence . In the version as originally proposed by Pathria and Good , and studied more recently by , among others , Nikodem Popławski , the observable universe is the interior of a black hole existing as one of possibly many inside a larger universe , or multiverse . According to general relativity , the gravitational collapse of a sufficiently compact mass forms a singular Schwarzschild black hole . In the Einstein -- Cartan -- Sciama -- Kibble theory of gravity , however , it forms a regular Einstein -- Rosen bridge , or wormhole . Schwarzschild wormholes and Schwarzschild black holes are different , mathematical solutions of general relativity and the Einstein -- Cartan theory . Yet for observers , the exteriors of both solutions with the same mass are indistinguishable . The Einstein -- Cartan theory extends general relativity by removing a constraint of the symmetry of the affine connection and regarding its antisymmetric part , the torsion tensor , as a dynamical variable . Torsion naturally accounts for the quantum-mechanical , intrinsic angular momentum ( spin ) of matter . The minimal coupling between torsion and Dirac spinors generates a repulsive spin-spin interaction which is significant in fermionic matter at extremely high densities . Such an interaction prevents the formation of a gravitational singularity . Instead , the collapsing matter reaches an enormous but finite density and rebounds , forming the other side of an Einstein-Rosen bridge , which grows as a new universe . Accordingly , the Big Bang was a nonsingular Big Bounce at which the universe had a finite , minimum scale factor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab5643a3fe6570f7ca0e1de5565c65f", "text": "Metastability in the brain In the field of computational neuroscience , the theory of metastability refers to the human brain 's ability to integrate several functional parts and to produce neural oscillations in a cooperative and coordinated manner , providing the basis for conscious activity . Metastability , a state in which signals ( such as oscillatory waves ) fall outside their natural equilibrium state but persist for an extended period of time , is a principle that describes the brain 's ability to make sense out of seemingly random environmental cues . In the past 25 years , interest in metastability and the underlying framework of nonlinear dynamics has been fueled by advancements in the methods by which computers model brain activity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "968e5499f517e68a751e0da0d0a55c62", "text": "Mind–body problem The mind -- body problem is the question of how the human mind and body can causally interact . This question arises when mind and body are considered as distinct , based on the premise that the mind and the body are fundamentally different in nature . The problem was addressed by René Descartes in the 17th century , resulting in Cartesian dualism , and by pre-Aristotelian philosophers , in Avicennian philosophy , and in earlier Asian traditions . A variety of approaches have been proposed . Most are either dualist or monist . Dualism maintains a rigid distinction between the realms of mind and matter . Monism maintains that there is only one unifying reality , substance or essence in terms of which everything can be explained . Each of these categories contain numerous variants . The two main forms of dualism are substance dualism , which holds that the mind is formed of a distinct type of substance not governed by the laws of physics , and property dualism , which holds that mental properties involving conscious experience are fundamental properties , alongside the fundamental properties identified by a completed physics . The three main forms of monism are physicalism , which holds that the mind consists of matter organized in a particular way ; idealism , which holds that only thought truly exists and matter is merely an illusion ; and neutral monism , which holds that both mind and matter are aspects of a distinct essence that is itself identical to neither of them . Several philosophical perspectives have been developed which reject the mind -- body dichotomy . The historical materialism of Karl Marx and subsequent writers , itself a form of physicalism , held that consciousness was engendered by the material contingencies of one 's environment . An explicit rejection of the dichotomy is found in French structuralism , and is a position that generally characterized post-war French philosophy . The absence of an empirically identifiable meeting point between the non-physical mind and its physical extension has proven problematic to dualism and many modern philosophers of mind maintain that the mind is not something separate from the body . These approaches have been particularly influential in the sciences , particularly in the fields of sociobiology , computer science , evolutionary psychology , and the neurosciences . An ancient model of the mind known as the Five-Aggregate Model explains the mind as continuously changing sense impressions and mental phenomena . Considering this model , it is possible to understand that it is the constantly changing sense impressions and mental phenomena ( i.e. , the mind ) that experiences/analyzes all external phenomena in the world as well as all internal phenomena including the body anatomy , the nervous system as well as the organ brain . This conceptualization leads to two levels of analyses : ( i ) analyses conducted from a third-person perspective on how the brain works , and ( ii ) analyzing the moment-to-moment manifestation of an individual 's mind-stream ( analyses conducted from a first-person perspective ) . Considering the latter , the manifestation of the mind-stream is described as happening in every person all the time , even in a scientist who analyses various phenomena in the world , including analyzing and hypothesizing about the organ brain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e", "text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2b69dcaa59b446b4dce2f214fcbe1b", "text": "Postulates of special relativity", "title": "" } ]
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25858b4b8402b06d2e69f2105eca3fde
Paris is featured in several Greek myths.
[ { "docid": "d48d13c4f681e69c76ac3d644cf11bdd", "text": "Greek mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks , concerning their gods and heroes , the nature of the world , and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices . It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece . Modern scholars refer to and study the myths in an attempt to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient Greece and its civilization , and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself . Greek mythology is explicitly embodied in a large collection of narratives , and implicitly in Greek representational arts , such as vase-paintings and votive gifts . Greek myth attempts to explain the origins of the world , and details the lives and adventures of a wide variety of gods , goddesses , heroes , heroines and mythological creatures . These accounts initially were disseminated in an oral-poetic tradition ; today the Greek myths are known primarily from ancient Greek literature . The oldest known Greek literary sources , Homer 's epic poems Iliad and Odyssey , focus on the Trojan War and its aftermath . Two poems by Homer 's near contemporary Hesiod , the Theogony and the Works and Days , contain accounts of the genesis of the world , the succession of divine rulers , the succession of human ages , the origin of human woes , and the origin of sacrificial practices . Myths are also preserved in the Homeric Hymns , in fragments of epic poems of the Epic Cycle , in lyric poems , in the works of the tragedians and comedians of the fifth century BC , in writings of scholars and poets of the Hellenistic Age , and in texts from the time of the Roman Empire by writers such as Plutarch and Pausanias . Archaeological findings provide a principal source of detail about Greek mythology , with gods and heroes featured prominently in the decoration of many artifacts . Geometric designs on pottery of the eighth century BC depict scenes from the Trojan cycle as well as the adventures of Heracles . In the succeeding Archaic , Classical , and Hellenistic periods , Homeric and various other mythological scenes appear , supplementing the existing literary evidence . Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the culture , arts , and literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language . Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in the themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44ee55df46f9ceb66b581140adc5e9e2", "text": "Paris (mythology) Paris , also known as Alexander ( Ἀλέξανδρος , Aléxandros ) , the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy , appears in a number of Greek legends . Probably the best-known was his elopement with Helen , queen of Sparta , this being one of the immediate causes of the Trojan War . Later in the war , he fatally wounds Achilles in the heel with an arrow as foretold by Achilles 's mother Thetis . The name Paris is probably Luwian and comparable to Pari-zitis attested as a Hittite scribe 's name .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8150afaefc73646b889bb54892c847a0", "text": "Phidias Phidias or Pheidias ( -LSB- ˈfɪdiəs -RSB- Φειδίας , Pheidias ; c. 480 -- 430 BC ) was a Greek sculptor , painter , and architect . His statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . Phidias also designed the statues of the goddess Athena on the Athenian Acropolis , namely the Athena Parthenos inside the Parthenon , and the Athena Promachos , a colossal bronze which stood between it and the Propylaea , a monumental gateway that served as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens . Phidias was the son of Charmides of Athens . The ancients believed that his masters were Hegias and Ageladas . Plutarch discusses Phidias ' friendship with the Greek statesman Pericles , recording that enemies of Pericles tried to attack him through Phidias - who was accused of stealing gold intended for the Parthenon 's statue of Athena , and of impiously portraying himself and Pericles on the shield of the statue . The historical value of this account , as well as the legend about accusations against the ` Periclean circle ' , including Aspasia and Anaxagoras , is debatable , but Aristophanes mentions an incident with Phidias around that time . Phidias is often credited as the main instigator of the Classical Greek sculptural design . Today , most critics and historians consider him one of the greatest of all ancient Greek sculptors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01146d59644da7f40d77a6fe7127124c", "text": "Soteria (mythology) In Greek mythology , Soteria was the goddess or spirit ( daimon ) of safety and salvation , deliverance , and preservation from harm ( not to be mistaken for Eleos ) . Soteria 's male counterpart was the spirit or daimon Soter . Both Zeus and Dionysus were titled Soter , so either may have been her father ; her mother is unknown . She had a sanctuary and a statue made in her honor in the town of Patrae , which was believed to have been founded by Eurypylos of Thessaly . Various texts mention the creation of her sanctuary , for example : Pausanias , Description of Greece 7 . 24 . 3 ( trans . Jones ) ( Greek travelogue 2nd century AD ) : '' -LSB- In Aigion in Akhaia ( Aegium in Achaea ) -RSB- they also have a sanctuary of Soteria ( Safety ) . Her image may be seen by none but the priests , and the following ritual is performed . They take cakes of the district from the goddess and throw them into the sea , saying that they send them to Arethousa at Syrakousa ( Syracuse ) . '' Pausanias , Description of Greece 7 . 19 . 7 & 21 . 7 : `` Eurypylos -LSB- the hero of the Trojan War -RSB- opened the chest -LSB- containing a sacred idol of Dionysos -RSB- , saw the image , and forthwith on seeing it went mad . He continued to be insane for the greater part of the time , with rare lucid intervals ... There is a sanctuary -LSB- in Patrai in Akhaia ( Patrae in Achaea ) -RSB- with an image of stone . It is called the sanctuary of Soteria ( Deliverance ) , and the story is that it was originally founded by Eurypylos on being cured of his madness . '' Ovid , Fasti 3 . 879 ff ( trans.Boyle ) ( Roman poetry 1st century BC to 1st century AD ) : `` March 30 Comitialis . When the shepherd feeds and pens his kids four more times and the grasslands whiten with four fresh dews , Janus should be worshipped and gentle Concordia ( Concord ) , Salus Romana ( Safety of Rome ) and the Ara Pacis ( Altar of Peace ) . '' Soteria was depicted as a woman wearing a laurel wreath crown , a symbol of victory . In Roman mythology , Soteria is known as Salus ( Preservation ) ; however , Salus 's domain more heavily featured physical well-being and health rather than security and safety . The Bible 's use of Soteria indicates its etymology from Greek mythology , as the word is used to mean `` fourfold salvation : saved from the penalty , power , presence and most importantly the pleasure of sin . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651344a2785a3fc37fd1074109cb5172", "text": "Cinderella Cinderella , or The Little Glass Slipper , ( Cenerentola , Cendrillon , ou La petite Pantoufle de Verre , Aschenputtel ) is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward . Thousands of variants are known throughout the world . The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances , that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune . The story of Rhodopis , recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo in around 7 BC , about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt , is considered the earliest known variant of the `` Cinderella '' story . The most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697 , and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms ' Fairy Tales . Although the story 's title and main character 's name change in different languages , in English-language folklore `` Cinderella '' is the archetypal name . The word `` Cinderella '' has , by analogy , come to mean one whose attributes were unrecognized , or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect . The still-popular story of `` Cinderella '' continues to influence popular culture internationally , lending plot elements , allusions , and tropes to a wide variety of media . The Aarne -- Thompson system classifies Cinderella as `` the persecuted heroine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b81df25df021a72b9d0c2c600dd0183", "text": "Atropos (Goya) Atropos , or The Fates ( Spanish : Átropos or Las Parcas ) is one of the 14 black paintings painted by Francisco de Goya between 1819 -- 23 . Goya , then 75 and in mental and physical despair , created the series directly onto the interior walls of the house known as `` The House of the Deaf Man '' ( Quinta del Sordo ) , purchased in 1819 . It probably occupied a position on the second floor of the house beside the Fight with Cudgels and across from the Fantastic Vision . Like the rest of the black paintings , it was transferred to canvas in 1873 -- 74 under the supervision of Salvador Martínez Cubells , a curator at the Museo del Prado . The owner , Baron Emile d'Erlanger , donated the canvases to the Spanish state in 1881 , and they are now on display at the Prado . The painting is a reinterpretation of the mythological subject of the goddesses of destiny -- the Moirai or fates as recounted in Homer , Hesiod , Virgil and other classical writers . These `` Daughters of Night '' were headed by Atropos , the inexorable goddess of death , who carries a few scissors to cut the thread of life ; Clotho , with her distaff ( which Goya replaces with a doll or newborn child , possibly an allegory of life ) , and Lachesis , the spinning one , which in this representation looks across a lens or in a mirror and symbolizes time , since she was the one who measured the length of the fiber . To the three female figures suspended in the air a fourth figure is added in the foreground . Possibly male , this figure 's hands are bound behind him as if is captive . If this interpretation is true , the fates would be deciding the destiny of the man whose bound hands can not be opposed to his fate . It has been speculated that he may represent Prometheus , who was bound on a mountain and left to be savaged by an eagle as punishment for stealing fire from Mount Olympus . All four are hideously ugly . The painting 's range of color is diminished , as much or even more so than the other black paintings , to ochres and blacks . This reinforces a nocturnal and unreal atmosphere , appropriate to the mythical subject of this work . The arbitrary , irrational aspects of Goyas black paintings have given them a place as precursors to Modern art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4a040405ac2c6a54606e44bd62b3d28", "text": "Poseidon Poseidon ( -LSB- pəˈsaɪdən , _ pɒ - , _ poʊ - -RSB- Greek : Ποσειδῶν , -LSB- pose͜edɔ́͜ɔn -RSB- ) was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth . He was god of the Sea and other waters ; of earthquakes ; and of horses . In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece , he was venerated as a chief deity at Pylos and Thebes . Poseidon was protector of seafarers , and of many Hellenic cities and colonies . In Homer 's Iliad , Poseidon supports the Greeks against the Trojans during the Trojan War . In the Odyssey , during the sea-voyage from Troy back home to Ithaca , the Greek hero Odysseus provokes Poseidon 's fury by blinding his son the Cyclops Polyphemus , resulting in Poseidon punishing him with storms , the complete loss of his ship and companions , and a ten-year delay . Poseidon is also the subject of a Homeric hymn . In Plato 's Timaeus and Critias , the island of Atlantis was Poseidon 's domain . His Roman equivalent is Neptune .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ce3842d7b3c82ab2a78bffbbb8a22b7", "text": "Philyra (mythology) Philyra or Phillyra ( -LSB- ˈfɪlərə -RSB- : Φιλύρα , `` linden-tree '' ) is the name of three distinct characters in Greek mythology . Philyra , an Oceanid and daughter of Oceanus and Tethys . Chiron was her son by Cronus , who chased her and consorted with her in the shape of a stallion , hence the half-human , half-equine shape of their offspring ; this was said to have taken place on Mount Pelion . When she gave birth to her son , she was so disgusted by how he looked that she abandoned him at birth , and implored the gods to transform her into anything other than anthrpomorphic as she could not bear the shame of having had such a monstrous child ; the gods changed her into a linden tree . Yet in some versions Philyra and Chariclo , the wife of Chiron , nursed the young Achilles ; Chiron 's dwelling on Pelion where his disciples were reared was known as `` Philyra 's cave '' . Chiron was often referred to by the matronymic Philyrides or the like . Two other sons of Cronus and Philyra may have been Dolops and Aphrus , the ancestor and eponym of the Aphroi , i.e. the native Africans . Philyra , wife of Nauplius and had with him three sons , Palamedes , Oeax and Nausimedon . She was also known as Clymene or Hesione . Philyra or Phillyra , daughter of the river Asopus , and the mother of Hypseus by Peneius . The same source points out that elsewhere Creusa is given instead of her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fe6126ff2e37dc204f96e4681c6c70a", "text": "Deiphobus In Greek mythology , Deiphobus -LSB- diːˈɪfəbəs -RSB- ( Δηίφοβος Deiphobos ) was a son of Priam and Hecuba . He was a prince of Troy , and the greatest of Priam 's sons after Hector and Paris . Deiphobus killed four men of fame in the Trojan War . According to the Iliad ( books XII , XIV , XXII ) , in the Trojan War Deiphobus , along with his brother Helenus , led a group of soldiers at the siege of the newly constructed Argive wall and killed many , and wounded the Achaean hero Meriones . As Hector was fleeing Achilles , Athena took the shape of Deiphobus and goaded Hector to make a stand and fight . Hector , thinking it was his brother , listened and threw his spear at Achilles . When the spear missed , Hector turned around to ask his brother for another spear , but `` Deiphobus '' had vanished . He then looked around for him but he was no where to be seen . It was then Hector knew the gods had deceived and forsaken him , and he met his fate at the hand of Achilles . Some accounts hold that it was Deiphobus and Paris who ambushed and killed Achilles while luring him to their sister Polyxena . After the death of Paris , Deiphobus was given Helen as a bride for his deeds in the war , defeating the bid of his other brother , Helenus . Some accounts say the marriage was by force . When the Trojan Horse was in the city , Deiphobus accompanied Helen as she walked around the horse , calling out the names of the Greeks within in the voices of their wives , because she did not want to look like she was helping them . Menelaus and Odysseus had to hold the men inside back from responding . During the sack of Troy , Deiphobus was slain by either Odysseus or Menelaus , and his body was mutilated . Some accounts say it was Helen who killed him , or that she celebrated his death . Most accounts seem to indicate that , unlike her other two husbands , Helen did n't love Deiphobus and decided she would rather return to Menelaus . In Virgil 's Aeneid , Deiphobus , horribly mutilated during the sack of Troy , appears to Aeneas in the Underworld . He tells him the story of his death , which entails Helen 's betrayal in signaling Menelaus to Deiphobus 's bedchamber . While with Aeneas , he begs the gods for revenge against the Greeks . One modern account , The Luck of Troy by Roger Lancelyn Green , depicts him as a particularly unpleasant character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3d482c69527befba5ace39c35e96abc", "text": "Aesacus In Greek mythology , Aesacus or Aisakos ( -LSB- ˈiːsəkəs -RSB- Αἴσακος ) was a son of King Priam of Troy . Aesacus sorrowed for the death of his wife or would-be lover , a daughter of the river Cebren , and was transformed into a bird . The Bibliotheca makes Aesacus son of Priam 's first wife Arisbe , daughter of Merops . Apollodorus and Tzetzes also make Aesacus a seer who has learned the interpretation of dreams from his grandfather Merops . For them Aesacus is the interpreter of Hecabe 's dream when Hecabe gives birth to Paris . In Apollodorus the deceased daughter of Cebren for whom Aesacus mourns is his wife named Asterope . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses , Aesacus is an illegitimate son of King Priam secretly born to the nymph Alexirhoe , daughter of the river Granicus . Aesacus avoids Ilium , preferring the countryside . One day he catches sight of the nymph Hesperia , daughter of the river Cebren , falls in love , and pursues her . However , as Hesperia flees a venomous snake strikes her and she dies . Aesacus , unable to bear living any longer , leaps from a tall cliff into the sea but as he plunges he is changed into a bird by Tethys . Aesacus still attempts to dive into the depth yet continues still to live in the form of a diving bird .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea3307e23caafb3c6046591d9c9fab9", "text": "Pallas (Giant) In Greek mythology , Pallas was one of the Gigantes ( Giants ) , the offspring of Gaia , born from the blood of the castrated Uranus . According to the mythographer Apollodorus , during the Gigantomachy , the cosmic battle of the Giants with the Olympian gods , he was flayed by Athena who used his skin as a shield . Though the origin of Athena 's epithet `` Pallas '' is obscure , according to a fragment from an unidentified play of Epicharmus ( between c. 540 and c. 450 BC ) , Athena , after having used his skin for her cloak , took her name from the Giant Pallas . This story , related by Apollodorus and Epicharmus , is one of a number of stories in which Athena kills and flays an opponent , with its hide becoming her aegis . For example , Euripides tells that during `` the battle the giants fought against the gods in Phlegra '' that it was `` the Gorgon '' ( possibly considered here to be one of the Giants ) that Athena killed and flayed , while the epic poem Meropis , has Athena kill and flay the Giant Asterus , using his impenetrable skin for her aegis . Another of these flayed adversaries , also named Pallas , was said to be the father of Athena , who had tried to rape her . The late 4th century AD Latin poet Claudian in his Gigantomachia , has Pallas , as one of several Giants turned to stone by Minerva 's Gorgon shield , calling out `` What is happening to me ? What is this ice that creeps o 're all my limbs ? What is this numbness that holds me prisoner in these marble fetters ? '' Pallas was also the name of a Titan , with whom the Giant is sometimes confused or identified .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80b803e785ce37129a4c399df0cc393", "text": "Ourea In Greek mythology , the Ourea ( Oὔρεα `` mountains , '' plural of Oὖρος ) were progeny of Gaia , members of the Greek primordial deities , who were the first-born elemental gods and goddesses , children of Gaia : And she brought forth long hills , graceful haunts of the goddess Nymphs who dwell amongst the glens of the hills . The nine ourea , Aitna , Athos , Helikon , Kithairon , Nysos , Olympus , Oreios , Parnes , and Tmolus , like Uranus , and Pontus , were parthenogenetic offspring of Gaia alone . The Greeks rarely personified an individual mountain ; an exception might be Tmolus , both a king and a mountain in Lydia . Each mountain was said to have its own local nymph , an oread . Peak sanctuaries , a feature of Minoan civilization on Crete , are also identified in some archaic sites in mainland Greece . They are not thought to be dedicated to the mountain itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "886296610031239f03da1537fafa5ae4", "text": "Mytheme In structuralism-influenced studies of mythology , a mytheme is a fundamental generic unit of narrative structure ( typically involving a relationship between a character , an event , and a theme ) from which myths are thought to be constructed - a minimal unit that is always found shared with other , related mythemes and reassembled in various ways ( `` bundled '' ) or linked in more complicated relationships . For example , the myths of Adonis and Osiris share several elements , leading some scholars to conclude that they share a source , i.e. images passed down in cultures or from one to another , being ascribed new interpretations of the action depicted , as well as new names in various readings of icons . Claude Lévi-Strauss ( 1908-2009 ) , who gave the term wide circulation , wrote , `` If one wants to establish a parallel between structural linguistics and the structural analysis of myths , the correspondence is established , not between mytheme and word but between mytheme and phoneme . '' The structuralist analyzer of folk tales , Vladimir Propp , treated the individual tale as the unit of analysis . The unitary mytheme , by contrast , is the equivalent in myth of the phonemes , morphemes , and sememes into which structural linguistics divides language , the smallest possible units of sound , structure , and meaning ( respectively ) within a language system . In the 1950s Claude Lévi-Strauss first adapted this technique of language analysis to analytic myth criticism . In his work on the myth systems of primitive tribes , working from the analogy of language structure , he adopted the French term mythème , with the assertion that the system of meaning within mythic utterances parallels closely that of a language system . Roman Jakobson varies this idea , treating mythemes as concepts or phonemes which have no significance in themselves but whose significance might be shown by sociological analysis . Philosophers such as Daniel Dennett have also used the term `` mytheme '' . Lev Manovich uses the terms seme and mytheme in his book , The Language of New Media , to describe aspects of culture that computer images enter into dialog with .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0d8b19ca2599383e3f6b58e4741d48c", "text": "Socus In Greek mythology , the name Socus may refer to : Socus , a defender of Troy , son of Hippasus and brother of Charops . The brothers were killed by Odysseus . Socus of Euboea , father of the seven Corybantes ( Prymneus , Mimas , Acmon , Damneus , Ocythous , Idaeus , Melisseus ) by Combe . He expelled his wife and sons from the island , and was ultimately killed by Cecrops , in whose kingdom the Corybantes sought refuge . His name is also mentioned by Hesychius of Alexandria in the form Sochus . Socus , an epithet of Hermes of obscure etymology . According to a scholiast on the Homeric line where the epithet appears , there was an adjective σῶκος which meant `` strong '' . The ancient authors linked the epithet to the Greek stem σω - < σαο - `` whole , safe '' . Despite the attempts of modern scholars to elaborate on this etymological suggestion , no satisfactory explanation has been provided as of 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ffa86f8d1543e2421782edea78d00ae", "text": "Île Saint-Louis The Île Saint-Louis ( -LSB- il sɛ̃ lwi -RSB- ) is one of two natural islands in the Seine river , in Paris , France ( the other natural island is Île de la Cité ; the Île aux Cygnes is artificial ) . The Île Saint-Louis is connected to the rest of Paris by four bridges to both banks of the river and to the Île de la Cité by the Pont Saint-Louis . This island was formerly used for the grazing of market cattle and stocking wood . The island is located within the 4th arrondissement of Paris and has a population of 4,453 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d99d7bbfc96288ae0a07ce2bef4ec2d0", "text": "The Greek Myths The Greek Myths ( 1955 ) is a mythography , a compendium of Greek mythology , with comments and analyses , by the poet and writer Robert Graves , normally published in two volumes , though there are abridged editions that present the myths only . Each myth is presented in the voice of a narrator writing under the Antonines , such as Plutarch or Pausanias , with citations of the classical sources . The literary quality of these retellings is generally praised . Each myth is followed by Graves 's interpretation of its origin and significance , following his theories on a prehistoric Matriarchal religion as presented in his book White Goddess and elsewhere . These theories and his etymologies are generally rejected by classical scholars , but Graves dismissed such criticism , arguing that by definition classical scholars lack `` the poetic capacity to forensically examine mythology '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64dc595b5dcd0a3ca9c95c4048c049ec", "text": "Ogygia Ogygia ( -LSB- oʊˈdʒɪdʒiə -RSB- Ὠγυγίη Ōgygíē -LSB- ɔːɡyɡíɛː -RSB- , or Ὠγυγία Ōgygia -LSB- ɔːɡyɡíaː -RSB- ) is an island mentioned in Homer 's Odyssey , Book V , as the home of the nymph Calypso , the daughter of the Titan Atlas , also known as Atlantis in ancient Greek . In Homer 's Odyssey Calypso detained Odysseus on Ogygia for 7 years and kept him from returning to his home of Ithaca , wanting to marry him . Athena complained about Calypso 's actions to Zeus , who sent the messenger Hermes to Ogygia to order Calypso to release Odysseus . Hermes is Odysseus 's great grandfather on his mother 's side , through Autolycos . Calypso finally , though reluctantly , instructed Odysseus to build a small raft , gave him food and wine , and let him depart the island . The Odyssey describes Ogygia as follows :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dd77477e2c06d589fb8da27c982ad41", "text": "Astyanax In Greek mythology , Astyanax ( -LSB- əˈstaɪ.ənæks -RSB- Ἀστυάναξ Astyánax , `` protector of the city '' ) was the son of Hector , the crown prince of Troy and husband of Princess Andromache of Cilician Thebe . His birth name was Scamandrius ( in Greek : Σκαμάνδριος Skamandrios , after the river Scamander ) , but the people of Troy nicknamed him Astyanax ( i.e. high king , or overlord of the city ) , because he was the son of the city 's great defender ( Iliad VI , 403 ) and the heir apparent 's firstborn son . During the Trojan War , Andromache hid the child in Hector 's tomb , but the child was discovered . His fate was debated by the Greeks , for if he were allowed to live , it was feared he would avenge his father and rebuild Troy . In the version given by the Little Iliad and repeated by Pausanias ( x 25.4 ) , he was killed by Neoptolemus ( also called Pyrrhus ) , who threw the infant from the walls . Another version is given in Iliou persis , in which Odysseus kills Astyanax . It has also been depicted in some Greek vases that Neoptolemus kills Priam , who has taken refuge near a sacred altar , using Astyanax 's dead body to club the old king to death , in front of horrified onlookers . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses , the child is thrown from the walls by the Greek victors ( 13 , 413ff ) . In Euripides 's The Trojan Women ( 719 ff ) , the herald Talthybius reveals to Andromache that Odysseus has convinced the council to have the child thrown from the walls , and the child is in this way killed . In Seneca 's version of The Trojan Women , the prophet Calchas declares that Astyanax must be thrown from the walls if the Greek fleet is to be allowed favorable winds ( 365 -- 70 ) , but once led to the tower , the child himself leaps off the walls ( 1100 -- 3 ) . Other sources for the story of the Sack of Troy and Astyanax 's death can be found in the Bibliotheca ( Pseudo-Apollodorus ) , Hyginus ( Fabula 109 ) , Tryphiodorus ( Sack of Troy 644 -- 6 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f70dea1f0b8e337c19ff3e5c9faf3dc", "text": "Piraeus Piraeus ( -LSB- paɪˈriːəs , _ pɪˈreɪ.əs -RSB- Πειραιάς Pireás -LSB- pireˈas -RSB- , Πειραιεύς , Peiraieús , -LSB- peːrajeús -RSB- ) is a port city in the region of Attica , Greece . Piraeus is located within the Athens urban area , 12 km southwest from its city center ( municipality of Athens ) , and lies along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf . According to the 2011 census , Piraeus had a population of 163,688 people within its administrative limits , making it the fourth largest municipality in Greece and the second largest within the urban area of the Greek capital , following the municipality of Athens . The municipality of Piraeus and several other suburban municipalities within the regional unit of Piraeus form the greater Piraeus area , with a total population of 448,997 . Piraeus has a long recorded history , dating to ancient Greece . The city was largely developed in the early 5th century BC , when it was selected to serve as the port city of classical Athens and was transformed into a prototype harbour , concentrating all the import and transit trade of Athens . During the Golden Age of Athens the Long Walls were constructed to connect Athens with Piraeus . Consequently , it became the chief harbour of ancient Greece , but declined gradually after the 4th century AD , growing once more in the 19th century , especially after Athens ' declaration as the capital of Greece . In the modern era , Piraeus is a large city , bustling with activity and an integral part of Athens , acting as home to the country 's biggest harbour and bearing all the characteristics of a huge marine and commercial-industrial centre . The port of Piraeus is the chief port in Greece , the largest passenger port in Europe and the second largest in the world , servicing about 20 million passengers annually . With a throughput of 1.4 million TEUs , Piraeus is placed among the top ten ports in container traffic in Europe and the top container port in the Eastern Mediterranean . The city hosted events in both the 1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics held in Athens . The University of Piraeus is one of the largest universities in Greece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1704b4bb8b51a0b9aca4c6371995ce3f", "text": "Amazonius Apollo Amazonius ( Gr . Ἀμαζόνιος ) was a cultic epithet of the Greek god Apollo , under which he was worshiped , and had a temple at Pyrrhichus in Laconia . The name was derived either from the belief that the mythological Amazons had penetrated into the Peloponnese region as far as Pyrrhichus , or that they themselves had founded Apollo 's temple there . The sole known reference to this etymology , in Pausanias ' Description of Greece , is an oddity in the study of the Amazon mythological tradition . It is strange to hear of the Amazons in Laconia , a region in no way associated with the usual tale of their invasion of Attica . Pausanias suggests a large Amazonian army halted there , which is also at odds with the Boeotian mythological tradition which indicates only a few Amazons were separated from the host after their defeat by Theseus . Secondly , this Apollo is mentioned as a companion of the goddess Artemis , which was also unusual , and which has led some scholars to speculate that `` Apollo Amazonius '' indicates not the traditional Greek Apollo , but a distinctly non-Hellenic deity , possibly that of the more Asiatic peoples of Laconia , Lycia , Phrygia and Crete , prior to Hellenic colonization . The name `` Apollo '' across different regions of classical antiquity often referred to slightly different entities with varying attributes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b6ba20213f3da53bb814d8bce5411ab", "text": "Tuileries Palace The Tuileries Palace ( Palais des Tuileries , -LSB- palɛ de tɥilʁi -RSB- ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine . It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs , from Henry IV to Napoleon III , until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 . Built in 1564 , it was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the Louvre courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres . Since the destruction of the Tuileries , the Louvre courtyard has remained open and the site is now the location of the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden , forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92e30634454215b46080a6e2abd7255a", "text": "Hippodamia (wife of Pirithous) In Greek mythology , Hippodamia ( -LSB- ˌhɪpədəˈmaɪ.ə -RSB- Ἱπποδάμεια , `` she who masters horses '' derived from ἵππος hippos `` horse '' and δαμάζειν damazein `` to tame '' ; also known as Deidamia ( -LSB- ˌdaɪdəˈmaɪ.ə -RSB- Ancient Greek : Δηιδάμεια ) , Laodamia -LSB- ˌleɪ.ədəˈmaɪ.ə -RSB- , Hippoboteia -LSB- ˌhɪpəbəˈtaɪ.ə -RSB- , Dia -LSB- ˈdaɪ.ə -RSB- or Ischomache -LSB- ᵻˈskɒməkiː -RSB- ) , daughter of Atrax or Butes , was the bride of King Pirithous of the Lapiths . At their wedding , Hippodamia , the other female guests , and the young boys were almost abducted by the Centaurs . Pirithous and his friend , Theseus , led the Lapiths to victory over the Centaurs in a battle known as the Centauromachy . With Pirithous , she mothered Polypoetes , but died shortly after her son 's birth . The abduction of Hippodamia was not an uncommon subject of Western art in the classical tradition , including the sculpture The Abduction of Hippodameia by French artist Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse and a painting by Rubens .", "title": "" } ]
fever
77b90e1972b68e0b854049861286dc13
Meryl Streep is an award losing actress.
[ { "docid": "5abbba8d974bec7a2ddc678c4fcb1f08", "text": "Meryl Streep Mary Louise `` Meryl '' Streep ( born June 22 , 1949 ) is an American actress and philanthropist . Cited in the media as the `` best actress of her generation '' , -- a designation to which she objects -- Streep is particularly known for her versatility in her roles , transformation into the characters she plays , and her accent adaptation . Nominated for 20 Academy Awards , Streep has more nominations than any other actor , and is one of the six actors to have won three or more competitive Oscars for acting . Streep has also received 30 Golden Globe nominations , winning eight -- more nominations , and more competitive wins than any other actor . Streep made her professional stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975 , and in 1976 received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton . She made her screen debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season , and made her film debut later that same year in Julia . In 1978 , she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust , and received her first Academy Award nomination for The Deer Hunter . She went on to win Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer ( 1979 ) , and Best Actress for Sophie 's Choice ( 1982 ) and The Iron Lady ( 2011 ) . Streep 's other Oscar nominated roles were in The French Lieutenant 's Woman ( 1981 ) , Silkwood ( 1983 ) , Out of Africa ( 1985 ) , Ironweed ( 1987 ) , Evil Angels ( 1988 ) , Postcards from the Edge ( 1990 ) , The Bridges of Madison County ( 1995 ) , One True Thing ( 1998 ) , Music of the Heart ( 1999 ) , Adaptation ( 2002 ) , The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , Doubt ( 2008 ) , Julie & Julia ( 2009 ) , August : Osage County ( 2013 ) , Into the Woods ( 2014 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . She returned to the stage for the first time in over 20 years in The Public Theater 's 2001 revival of The Seagull , won a second Emmy Award in 2004 for the HBO miniseries Angels in America ( 2003 ) , and starred in The Public Theater 's 2006 production of Mother Courage and Her Children . Streep was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2004 , the Gala Tribute from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 2008 , and the Kennedy Center Honor in 2011 for her contribution to American culture through performing arts . President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts and in 2014 the Presidential Medal of Freedom . In 2003 , the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters . In 2017 , Streep was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852747ac64d82307a7d6e58b4e363bb7", "text": "List of lost films For this list of lost films , a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived . For films in which any portion of the footage remains ( including trailers ) , see List of incomplete or partially lost films . Films may go missing for a number of reasons . One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s . This type of film is highly flammable , and there have been several devastating fires , such as the 1937 Fox vault fire , the 1967 MGM vault fire , and the Universal Pictures fire in 1924 . Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions . Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt . Occasionally , a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version . Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space . This is necessarily an incomplete list . Martin Scorsese 's Film Foundation claims that `` half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90 % of films made before 1929 are lost forever . '' Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80 -- 90 % of silent films are gone ; the film archive 's own list contains over 3500 lost films . A study by the Library of Congress states that 75 % of all silent films are now lost . While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high , it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30ed311ac956a1028dfddf2d661d693a", "text": "Oscar season The Oscar season is the time period in which Hollywood studios release their more critically acclaimed films , hoping to win at the Academy Awards . Oscar season usually begins in the late-fall and early-winter , around November , and ends on December 31st of that year . although the date in which the summer blockbuster season ends and the Oscar season begins are ambiguous , and dependent on the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c057abed2d4c69e4de1f412cbb69064", "text": "Society of Texas Film Critics Awards The Society of Texas Film Critics Awards were first awarded in 1994 when the Society of Texas Film Critics ( STFC ) was formed by 21 print , television , radio , and internet film critics working for different media outlets across the state of Texas . Over the course of four years , the size of the organization decreased and the STFC disbanded in 1998 . Below are the award ceremonies from each of the four years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27726fe7d561dd1b0bc850d17bba2d94", "text": "California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83ff0526c7dba12a302a6e88f124aa57", "text": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ( -LSB- ˈsɪmptiː -RSB- , rarely -LSB- ˈsʌmptiː -RSB- ) , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE , is an international professional association , based in the United States of America , of engineers working in the motion imaging industries . An internationally recognized standards organizations , SMPTE has more than 600 Standards , Recommended Practices , and Engineering Guidelines for television production , filmmaking , digital cinema , audio recording , information technology , and medical imaging . In addition to development and publication of technical standard documents , SMPTE publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , provides networking opportunities for its members , produces academic conferences and exhibitions , and performs other industry-related functions . SMPTE Membership is open to any individual or organization with interest in the subject matter . SMPTE standards documents are copyrighted and may be purchased from the SMPTE website , or other distributors of technical standards . Standard documents may be purchased by the general public . Significant standards promulgated by SMPTE include : All film and television transmission formats and media , including digital . Physical interfaces for transmission of television signals and related data ( such as SMPTE time code and the Serial Digital Interface ) ( SDI ) SMPTE color bars Test card patterns and other diagnostic tools The Material eXchange Format , or MXF SMPTE 's educational and professional development activities include technical presentations at regular meetings of its local Sections , annual and biennial conferences in the US and Australia and the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal . The society sponsors many awards , the oldest of which are the SMPTE Progress Medal , the Samuel Warner Memorial Medal , and the David Sarnoff Medal . SMPTE also has a number of student Chapters and sponsors scholarships for college students in the motion imaging disciplines . Related organizations include National Television System Committee ( NTSC ) Moving Picture Experts Group ( MPEG ) ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCIR ) ITU Telecommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCITT ) Digital Video Broadcasting BBC Research Department European Broadcasting Union ( EBU )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" } ]
fever
6ab5c8eb7715ffc91b856f30b31aae5a
United States Congress has 435 Representatives.
[ { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8fdfe08c7747707f337c91407015ea62", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections, 1942 The 1942 United States House of Representatives elections was held in the middle of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's third term . The main factor that led to the Republican gains during this election cycle was concern over World War II and American involvement . Roosevelt 's Democratic Party lost 45 seats , retaining only a slender majority even though they lost the popular vote by over 1 million votes ( 3.9 % ) . This would not occur again until 1952 , when the party who won the popular vote did not also win the majority of the House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475d7b2a7494593a1188209b70ad4db", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C. As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere . The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c5b5567edbdc706fc72d8407fba6202", "text": "48th United States Congress The Forty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government , consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington , D.C. from March 4 , 1883 to March 4 , 1885 , during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President Chester A. Arthur . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880 . The Senate had a Republican majority , and the House had a Democratic majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42a35590f2373868dc9b41152e2ebec", "text": "New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament , along with the Sovereign ( represented by the Governor-General ) . The House passes all laws , provides ministers to form a Cabinet , and supervises the work of the Government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts . The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body , usually consisting of 120 members ( currently 119 though recently had 121 with an overhang ) known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected for limited terms , holding office until Parliament is dissolved ( a maximum of three years ) . A government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of MPs . If no majority is possible then a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement . The House of Representatives was created by the British New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which established a bicameral legislature ; however the upper chamber , the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1951 . Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act . The debate chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city . Sittings of the House are usually open to the public , but the House may at any time vote to sit in private .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d7d2af0f7f79880747c9844e8df1df", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 75th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 75th United States Congress listed by seniority.As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 75th Congress ( January 3 , 1937 -- January 3 , 1939 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48e2b45bb4c2d56268a1a379ae53da4", "text": "List of United States Representatives from New York The following is a list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the state of New York . For chronological tables of members of both houses of the United States Congress from the state ( through the present day ) , see United States Congressional Delegations from New York . The list of names should be complete as of January 3 , 2017 , but other data may be incomplete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9256dd8f7a70fe835d6e93a9fe7a98d", "text": "House (legislature) House is a term commonly used to refer to a number of legislative bodies . Specific examples include : Lower house , one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature House of Commons , the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada House of Representatives , a name used for legislative bodies in many countries United States House of Representatives Upper house , one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature House of Lords , the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom House of Burgesses , the first elected legislative assembly in the New World , established in the Colony of Virginia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ffc247822980ff94653996b2ea59f3", "text": "Congressional pension Congressional pension is a pension made available to members of the United States Congress . Members who participated in the congressional pension system are vested after five ( 5 ) years of service . A full pension is available to members 62 years of age with 5 years of service ; 50 years or older with 20 years of service ; or 25 years of service at any age . A reduced pension is available depending upon which of several different age/service options is chosen . If Members leave Congress before reaching retirement age , they may leave their contributions behind and receive a deferred pension later . The current pension program , effective January 1987 , is under the Federal Employees Retirement System ( FERS ) , which covers members and other federal employees whose federal employment began in 1984 or later . This replaces the older Civil Service Retirement System ( CSRS ) for most members of congress and federal employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1459c5b4a45202bd3247981b434e356", "text": "United States congressional delegations from Utah Since Utah became a U.S. state in 1896 , it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives . Each state elects two senators to serve for six years . Before the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , senators were elected by the Utah State Legislature . Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms , one from each of Utah 's four congressional districts . Before becoming a state , the Territory of Utah elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1850 to 1896 . 57 people have served either the Territory or State of Utah : 14 in the Senate , 41 in the House , and 2 in both houses . The average term for senators has been 15.3 years and the average term for representatives has been 6.7 years . The longest-serving senator is Orrin Hatch , in office since 1977 . The longest-serving representative is James V. Hansen , in office for 22 years from 1981 to 2003 . Four women have been members of Utah 's congressional delegation , Reva Beck Bosone , Karen Shepherd , Enid Greene and Mia Love , all as representatives . In 2013 , following the 2010 United States Census , a 4th district was added . A new congressional redistricting map was approved by the Republican legislature and signed into law by Republican Governor Gary Herbert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf2977c19064dc65308559631e93cf44", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 8th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 8th United States Congress listed by seniority . For the most part , representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 8th Congress ( March 4 , 1803 -- March 3 , 1805 ) . Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members . This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority . It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress . In the absence of information to the contrary , it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 8th Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1e9ad0adbc3ed9ec081d1b10c55088", "text": "List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09e2fb1626251740fb5e13481b537644", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado, 2010 The 2010 congressional elections in Colorado were held on November 2 , 2010 to determine who will represent the state of Colorado in the United States House of Representatives . Representatives are elected for two-year terms ; those elected will serve in the 112th Congress . Colorado has seven seats in the House , apportioned according to the 2000 United States Census . Its 2008-2009 congressional delegation consisted of five Democrats and two Republicans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018f956ba659d0b06d80914dbb2d50e1", "text": "Colorado's congressional districts Colorado is divided into 7 congressional districts , each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives . The districts are currently represented in the 115th United States Congress by 3 Democrats and 4 Republicans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "749b15283f57491e4f09ddc8c4a08eea", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 5th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 5th United States Congress listed by seniority . For the most part , representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 5th Congress ( March 4 , 1797 -- March 3 , 1799 ) . Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members . This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority . It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress . In the absence of information to the contrary , it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 5th Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7ba0cd1f0519ff63939b96e33d55f1a", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 41st Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 41st United States Congress listed by seniority . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 41st Congress ( March 4 , 1869 -- March 3 , 1871 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e65016a7b51042f2f5ec65739edf49cc", "text": "Alaska House of Representatives The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska Legislature , the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska . The House is composed of 40 members , each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 Census figures . Members serve two-year terms without term limits . With 40 representatives , the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower house in the United States . The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b838c6fd98a1ceeb05b38e86ca8c8c59", "text": "United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies The United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Military Construction , Veterans Affairs , and Related Agencies is a standing committee of the U.S. House subcommittees and is within the United States House Committee on Appropriations . The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress . Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees , each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills . This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for Military Construction and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee66503a5a459a97c559edd6dc41882a", "text": "List of African-American United States Representatives The United States House of Representatives has had 139 elected African-American members , of which 133 have been Representatives from U.S. states and 6 have been Delegates from U.S. territories and the District of Columbia . The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress , which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States . The US Census Bureau defines African Americans as citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa . The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial ancestry in any of the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa . During the founding of the federal government , African Americans were consigned to a status of second-class citizenship or enslaved . No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification in 1870 of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen 's race , color , or previous condition of servitude . Twenty-seven states ( plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia ) have sent an African-American representative to the U.S. House . Joseph Rainey was the first African-American representative to be seated in the U.S. House . He served South Carolina 's 1st congressional district beginning in 1870 during the Reconstruction Era following the American Civil War . Out of all 132 elected or appointed African-American members , 34 have been women . Fifteen states have sent African-American women to the U.S. House , the first being Shirley Chisholm from New York 's 12th congressional district in 1969 during the Civil Rights Movement . The current 114th Congress has a record 46 African-American Representatives or Delegates , including 20 African-American women . Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve majority-minority districts . These congressional districts are gerrymandered , limit serious challenges to their re-election , and limit their abilities to represent a larger , more diverse constituency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45184c2654eb0df6ba83b84825aaa136", "text": "List of freshman class members of the 113th United States Congress The 113th United States Congress began on January 3 , 2013 . As of November 11 , 2013 there are 14 new senators ( 3R , 10D , 1I ) and 70 new representatives ( 31R , 39D ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b11dba920135cca91febd3d39475e7", "text": "Maryland General Assembly The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that convenes within the State House in Annapolis . It is a bicameral body : the upper chamber , the Maryland State Senate , has 47 representatives and the lower chamber , the Maryland House of Delegates , has 141 representatives . Members of both houses serve four-year terms . Each house elects its own officers , judges the qualifications and election of its own members , establishes rules for the conduct of its business , and may punish or expel its own members The General Assembly meets each year for 90 days to act on more than 2,300 bills including the State 's annual budget , which it must pass before adjourning on sine die . The 2016 Legislative Session , the General Assembly 's 436th session , convened January 13 - April 11 , 2016 . The General Assembly will reconvene Wednesday , January 11 , 2017 at 12:00 p.m. for its 437th session .", "title": "" } ]
fever
f5efbefeb1237efa2c6517e059cb37f7
Ballet Shoes is an award-winning children's novel.
[ { "docid": "6cc056cb56c86ad4d6bc5d57c599e626", "text": "Ballet Shoes (novel) Ballet Shoes : a story of three children on the stage is a children 's novel by Noel Streatfeild , published by Dent in 1936 . It was her first book for children , and was illustrated by the author 's sister , Ruth Gervis . Ballet Shoes was a commended runner up for the inaugural Carnegie Medal from the Library Association , recognising the year 's best British children 's book by a British subject . ( She won the Medal for her third novel , The Circus Is Coming , published as Circus Shoes in the USA , though the ` Shoes ' titles , used by her USA publishers , were a marketing device : the books so titled do not in fact form part of a series . )", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f5406cb93b23da8a096da3b4e611e5a4", "text": "Lyrical dance Lyrical dance is a style of dance created by merging ballet , jazz and contemporary dance techniques . Lyrical dancing is performed to music with lyrics to inspire movements to express strong emotions the choreographer feels from the lyrics in the chosen song . Because lyrical dancing focuses on the expression of strong emotion , the style concentrates more on individual approach and expressiveness than the precision of the dancer 's movements . The emergent lyrical style has a relatively recent history and a genesis based on the coming together of ballet with rock/folk/pop / alternative music and a variety of jazz dance styles and modern dance . Dancer , teacher , and choreographer Suzi Taylor , who holds regular classes at Steps on Broadway in New York City is considered by many to be an early mother of lyrical dance , having emphasized a unique brand of musicality and expressiveness which influenced many future teachers and choreographers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c32c3dfd169aa602a9edd5b2b48d24a8", "text": "Matilda (novel) Matilda is a children 's novel by British writer Roald Dahl . Matilda won the Children 's Book Award in 1999 . It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London , with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake . It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet , a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito , a two-part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda , Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry , and a 2010 musical . In 2012 Matilda was ranked number 30 among all-time children 's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal , a monthly with primarily US audience . It was the first of four books by Dahl among the Top 100 , more than any other writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "952891228db59a91ed6fa6f9859472d5", "text": "London Children's Ballet The London Children 's Ballet ( LCB ) is a registered charitable trust created in 1994 . LCB was formed to give children the experience of performing as part of a company , in a professionally produced , full length ballet at a professional theatre . LCB provides opportunities to dance for children from many diverse backgrounds and the experience is free . Performances are staged annually at the Peacock Theatre , in the West End , London 's famous theatre district . These performances include the staging of original productions , which have sold out every year since the company was established . The company is also involved in a number of smaller projects . The '' # 1 outreach matinees '' enable the public to see a ballet at an affordable price and LCB2 is a touring company which visits venues where people are unable to attend the theatre , including hospitals , community centres , hospices and schools . These tours are produced around the year so as to provide opportunities for children all-year-round . To dance in a LCB production , children must first attend an audition , designed to assess their suitability to take part . Successful candidates then meet for weekly rehearsals on a Sunday in the lead up to the performance , ensuring there is no disruption to their academic education . LCB organises an annual summer school , lasting a week and catering for one hundred children . The summer school consists of a range of workshops , where the children take classes in ballet and other dance forms such as jazz , and also study choreography . Older children also take part in a one-day tour , taking their summer school production to elderly homes around London . The LCB also provides a venue for recently graduated composers , choreographers and designers from the Wimbledon College of Art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e24a9729571cfc99217e272e518fdd62", "text": "Carrie Pilby Carrie Pilby is a coming-of-age novel by Caren Lissner , first published by Red Dress Ink in 2003 , then re-released on July 1 , 2010 for teenage readers under the new imprint Harlequin Teen . It was among the first novels published by Harlequin Enterprises 's Red Dress Ink imprint , an imprint created primarily to take advantage of the then-burgeoning `` chick lit '' phenomenon that included humorous books about young single women like Bridget Jones ' Diary . In its first incarnation , Carrie Pilby was noted in various newspaper articles as one of the smarter and more original novels in the genre . It proved successful , selling more than 50,000 copies . Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times referred to the novel as `` hilarious '' in an August 10 , 2003 story . After the chick lit market became saturated , Harlequin stopped publishing novels under the Red Dress Ink imprint in 2009 , but Carrie Pilby was selected to be re-published on July 1 , 2010 as one of the first books in the new Harlequin Teen line for teenagers . It was republished with a new cover for teens and some of the technology referred to in the novel was slightly modernized ( Carrie was now renting DVDs instead of videos ) . The novel was released in France on June 1 , 2010 as one of the first four titles released under the French Harlequin imprint for teens , Darkiss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0faceaa246575b8e731a5a03a4f63d5e", "text": "The Penderwicks The Penderwicks : A Summer Tale of Four Sisters , Two Rabbits , and a Very Interesting Boy is a children 's novel by Jeanne Birdsall , published by Knopf in 2005 . It won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Young People 's Literature ( United States ) . This was Birdsall 's first book published and it inaugurated the `` Penderwick sisters '' series , whose fourth volume ( of five planned ) was published in 2015 . Both A Summer Tale and its sequel The Penderwicks on Gardam Street ( Knopf , April 2008 ) were New York Times Best Sellers . The novel was inspired by the kind of stories the author read when growing up , The National Book Award citation compares the novel to Louisa May Alcott 's Little Women and E. Nesbit 's The Story of the Treasure Seekers . The fictional setting is more modern than Alcott 's or Nesbit 's , although not clearly contemporary with Birdsall 's writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd2f7ea4c15580cd30fd53b687437b72", "text": "Kenneth Widmerpool Kenneth Widmerpool is a fictional character in Anthony Powell 's novel sequence A Dance to the Music of Time , a 12-volume account of upper-class and bohemian life in Britain between 1920 and 1970 . Regarded by critics as one of the more memorable characters of 20th century fiction , Widmerpool is the antithesis of the sequence 's narrator-hero Nicholas Jenkins . Initially presented as a comic , even pathetic figure , he becomes increasingly formidable , powerful and ultimately sinister as the novels progress . He is successful in business , in the army and in politics , and is awarded a life peerage . His only sphere of failure is his relationships with women , exemplified by his disastrous marriage to Pamela Flitton . The sequence ends with Widmerpool 's downfall and death , in circumstances arising from his involvement with a New Age-type cult . Literary analysts have noted Widmerpool 's defining characteristics as a lack of culture , small-mindedness , and a capacity for intrigue ; generally , he is thought to embody many of the worst aspects of the British character . However , he has the ability to rise above numerous insults and humiliations that beset him to achieve positions of prominence through dogged industry and self-belief . In this respect he represents the meritocratic middle class 's challenge to the declining power of the traditional `` establishment '' or ruling group , which is shown to be vulnerable to a determined assault from this source . Among the more prominent names suggested as real-life models for Widmerpool have been Edward Heath , the British prime minister 1970 -- 74 , and Reginald Manningham-Buller who was Britain 's Attorney General in the 1950s . Others of Powell 's contemporaries have made claims to be the character 's source , although Powell gave little encouragement to such speculation . Widmerpool has been portrayed in two British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) radio dramatisations of the novel sequence ( 1979 -- 82 and 2008 ) and in Channel 4 's television filmed version broadcast in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9303ed1004f6f9dc39ea14857dafb893", "text": "Adaptations of Puss in Boots ` Puss ' is a character in the fairy tale `` The Master Cat , or Puss in Boots '' by Charles Perrault . The tale was published in 1697 in his Histoires ou Contes du temps passé . The tale of a cat helping an impoverished master attain wealth through its trickery is known in hundreds of variants . Gustave Doré 's illustrated version ( right ) is well known for capturing the gently satirical tone of the story . In 1797 German writer Ludwig Tieck published Der gestiefelte Kater , a dramatic satire based on the Puss in Boots tale . The Russian composer César Cui ( of French ancestry ) composed a short children 's opera on this subject in 1913 . Puss in Boots was first performed in Rome in 1915 , and has been something of a repertory item in Germany since at least the 1970s . In 1922 Walt Disney created a black and white silent short of the same name . Xavier Montsalvatge composed a children 's opera , El gato con botas , with libretto by Néstor Luján ; it was first performed in Barcelona Gran Teatre del Liceu in 1947 . It has been performed for children several times , in Spain , but also in Germany , Czech Republic , Australia and New York . In their album of cat songs , Happy Times Records included a version of Puss in Boots . As with their version of The Pied Piper of Hamelin , it is not faithful to the original fairy tale and features a cat named Puss in Boots who is the guardian of his native village . He saves the village from several invasions by using his head and is summoned by the song , `` Come , boots ! / Come , boots ! / Come a runnin ' , / Puss in Boots . '' The man and woman who perform this story/song are the same ones who perform Happy Times 's version of The Pied Piper , and the number ends with the words , `` The whole village is proud of their magical cat ! '' A 1961 Mexican adaptation called El gato con botas . K. Gordon Murray distributed it in the United States as Puss in Boots . Hayao Miyazaki participated in the 1969 Toei Animation production of Nagagutsu wo Haita Neko ( Puss 'n Boots ) , providing key animation , designs , storyboards , image boards , and story ideas . It was directed by Kimio Yabuki , with a screenplay by Hisashi Inoue , a famous Japanese playwright , and animation supervision was carried out by longtime Miyazaki collaborator and mentor Yasuji Mori . Hayao Miyazaki also wrote and drew a comic version first serialized in Chuunichi Shimbun Nichiyou Ban ( Cyuunichi Newspaper Sunday Version ) to promote the film . Its main character , the cat Pero , was very popular and eventually became Toei 's mascot . Rankin/Bass Productions produced a hand drawn animated TV special in 1972 entitled Puss in Boots . The Master Cat by David Garnett is a novel first published in 1974 which gives a more detailed account of the established story from Puss getting the boots to his eating the ogre . The second part of the book tells of Puss getting caught up in palace plots and intrigues of which he ultimately becomes the victim , by his own ungrateful master no less . In 1985 the family television series Faerie Tale Theatre produced a live-action adaptation starring Ben Vereen as Puss and Gregory Hines as the miller 's son . In an episode of Monty Python 's Flying Circus , a sketch set in the Police Department of the State of Venezuela is interrupted by an unexpected adaptation of Puss in Boots . A live action direct-to-video film adaptation was made in 1988 , starring Christopher Walken as Puss and Jason Connery as the miller 's son . Enoki Films released a Japanese animated series called Nagagutsu wo Haita Neko no Bouken ( Adventures of Puss-in-Boots ) in 1992 . Puss by Esther Friesner , in Snow White , Blood Red ( edited by Ellen Datlow and Terri Windling ) retells the story . Plaza Entertainment released an animated direct-to-video film called Puss in Boots in 1999 . Puss in Boots appears as a character in the films Shrek 2 and Shrek The Third ( voiced by Antonio Banderas ) . The character is originally recruited as a swashbuckling professional ogre killer who is an obvious parody of Banderas ' famous role as Zorro . Puss later becomes a sidekick to the ogre , Shrek , and in the alternative world in Shrek Forever After due to Rumpelstiltskin erasing the day Shrek was born when he made him sign a contract , Puss is seen to have retired from fencing and he became Fiona 's pet ; he has also become obese . A self-titled spin-off film was released in 2011 . Puss in Boots ( video game ) , a video game based upon the film was released in October 2011 . He is currently the star of the 2015 Netflix original series The Adventures of Puss in Boots . In the furry comic book , Xanadu , the main male hero , Tabbe Le Fauve , is a cat modeled on Puss in Boots with a strong influence of Errol Flynn 's typical swashbuckler character . The webcomic No Rest for the Wicked features several characters adapted from this story , Perrault ( Puss ) , The Marquis de Carabas , and his wife . HBO 's Happily Ever After : Fairy Tales for Every Child gave the story a Polynesian flavor . Angela Carter offers an alternative , updated version of the tale in her collection of short stories The Bloody Chamber A Meowth from the Pokémon anime series dresses up like Puss In Boots . In Gainax 's 2000 anime FLCL , the third episode is named Maru Raba ( Marquis de Carabas ) and deals with the young adult characters performing Puss in Boots at their school , and with one character and her interest in the idea of pretending to be something until you 've become it . `` The New Traveller 's Almanac , '' a companion to Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill 's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen , places Carabas Castle ( formerly Ogre Castle , where `` a talking feline dressed in smashing footwear '' ate the Ogre and inherited his riches ) in Ardennes on the Belgian border , where also stood ( among others ) the castles of Bluebeard , the Beast and Rosamund . These castles were subsequently destroyed by shellfire in 1913 during the Great War . In Neil Gaiman 's novel Neverwhere , the Marquis de Carabas appears as a character and is merged with Puss . The novel Reserved for the Cat by Mercedes Lackey is a retelling of Puss In Boots , set in her Elemental Masters series . In the manga , MÄR Puss 'n' Boots becomes a form of Babbo in the final battle against the main antagonist , Phantom . Puss in Boots is the fourth episode of the episode game series American McGee 's Grimm , which features the dark version of the cat missing an eye . The Captain N : The Game Master episode `` Once Upon a Time Machine '' is based on Puss N Boots ( though it mostly draws its inspiration from a video game adaptation . ) La Véritable histoire du Chat botté is an animated French film ( 2009 ) by Jérôme Deschamps , Pascal Hérold and Macha Makeïeff . Dubbed into English as The True History of Puss 'N Boots ( 2010 ) , the voice actors include William Shatner . Puss in Boots appears in the Fables spin-off Cinderella : From Fabletown with Love . He is one of the animal Fables who has to live on Fabletown 's `` Farm . '' Mary Hanson Roberts wrote and drew a long serial in the Furrlough anthropomorphic comic book , about the descendants of Puss in Boots and their adventures in their world 's equivalent of the France of Louis XVI and the French Revolution , called `` Here Comes a Candle . '' ( The reference in the title is to the nursery rhyme that ends : `` Here comes a candle to light you to bed ; here comes a chopper to chop off your head . '' ) Nagagutsu o Haita Neko : Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken , 1986 Japan-exclusive video game where the main character is Puss in Boots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651344a2785a3fc37fd1074109cb5172", "text": "Cinderella Cinderella , or The Little Glass Slipper , ( Cenerentola , Cendrillon , ou La petite Pantoufle de Verre , Aschenputtel ) is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward . Thousands of variants are known throughout the world . The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances , that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune . The story of Rhodopis , recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo in around 7 BC , about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt , is considered the earliest known variant of the `` Cinderella '' story . The most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697 , and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms ' Fairy Tales . Although the story 's title and main character 's name change in different languages , in English-language folklore `` Cinderella '' is the archetypal name . The word `` Cinderella '' has , by analogy , come to mean one whose attributes were unrecognized , or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect . The still-popular story of `` Cinderella '' continues to influence popular culture internationally , lending plot elements , allusions , and tropes to a wide variety of media . The Aarne -- Thompson system classifies Cinderella as `` the persecuted heroine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5600613522c5a024a1125bd7235d642", "text": "In the Wings: Behind the Scenes at the New York City Ballet In the Wings : Behind the Scenes at the New York City Ballet is a book by Kyle Froman . It was released in September 2007 in hardcover . In this book Kyle Froman explores the physically demanding life of New York City Ballet dancers . Froman takes his camera behind the scenes and offers a glimpse into the ballet world that outsiders rarely see : the daily training , the injuries , the last-minute cast changes , and ultimately , the transcendent moments onstage at the end of the day . The book is told as Kyle 's personal diary of a dancer 's day : Ch .1 is `` 10:15 AM , '' Ch . 2 is `` 11:30 AM , '' Ch . 3 is `` 2:15 , '' Ch . 4 is `` 6:15 , '' and Ch . 5 is `` Showtime . '' From morning company class to rehearsal to performance , the text offers intriguing insights into the mental discipline and emotions that come into play in preparing for the show . The foreword is written by Peter Martins , balletmaster in chief of New York City Ballet . He says of the book , `` Here is the New York City Ballet as it really is -- the good , the not so good , and the majestically beautiful . It 's a true story , and it 's told by someone who can honestly claim that he was there . '' Category :2007 books Category : Books about ballet Category : Dance in New York City", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26bef9b569563b444130ef0c3269b81e", "text": "The Shrimp The Shrimp is a children 's novel by Emily Smith . It won the 2001 Gold Award in 6 -- 8 years category of the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize . It is a part of the Young Corgi series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9e8c479b901e51890a1d2e7a31c5d1", "text": "The Tale of Two Bad Mice The Tale of Two Bad Mice is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in September 1904 . Potter took inspiration for the tale from two mice caught in a cage-trap in her cousin 's home and a dollhouse being constructed by her editor and publisher Norman Warne as a Christmas gift for his niece Winifred . While the tale was being developed , Potter and Warne fell in love and became engaged , much to the annoyance of Potter 's parents , who were grooming their daughter to be a permanent resident and housekeeper in their London home . The tale is about two mice who vandalize a dollhouse . After finding the food on the dining room table made of plaster , they smash the dishes , throw the doll clothing out the window , tear the bolster , and carry off a number of articles to their mouse-hole . When the little girl who owns the dollhouse discovers the destruction , she positions a policeman doll outside the front door to ward off any future depredation . The two mice atone for their crime spree by putting a crooked sixpence in the doll 's stocking on Christmas Eve and sweeping the house every morning with a dust-pan and broom . The tale 's themes of rebellion , insurrection , and individualism reflect not only Potter 's desire to free herself of her domineering parents and build a home of her own , but her fears about independence and her frustrations with Victorian domesticity . The book was critically well received and brought Potter her first fan letter from America . The tale was adapted to a segment in the 1971 Royal Ballet film The Tales of Beatrix Potter and to an animated episode in the BBC series The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends . Merchandise inspired by the tale includes Beswick Pottery porcelain figurines and Schmid music boxes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a92d6b9d754b647f6b032ca30b2f7f2", "text": "Miami City Ballet Miami City Ballet is an American ballet company based in Miami Beach , Florida , led by artistic director Lourdes Lopez . MCB was founded in 1985 by Toby Lerner Ansin a Miami philanthropist . She and the founding board hired Edward Villella , former New York City Ballet principal dancer to be the founding artistic director . A bulk of the company 's repertoire is made up of the work of George Balanchine , though the company also performs works by Jerome Robbins , Twyla Tharp , Trey McIntyre , Mark Morris , Jimmy Gamonet , who was the company 's founding Resident Choreographer and Ballet Master from 1986 to 1999 , Christopher Wheeldon , Justin Peck , and others , in addition to traditional full-length works including `` Giselle '' and `` Don Quixote '' . In 2012 , Lourdes Lopez was chosen to replace founding artistic director Edward Villella . Miami City Ballet features an international ensemble of over 45 dancers . The company has an active repertoire of 88 ballets and performs over 100 times annually . Miami City Ballet serves as the resident ballet company in theaters in the Fort Lauderdale , Miami , and West Palm Beach areas . In addition , the company regularly tours both domestically and internationally . Its North American appearances include the Kennedy Center , the 1996 Olympic Arts Festival , Jacob 's Pillow Dance Festival , the Orange County Performing Arts Center , and the New York City Center ; while theaters and festivals in Europe , Central America , South America , and Israel have hosted the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4bc53ced140e9ef44b7f80942903541", "text": "River Boy River Boy is a young adult novel by Tim Bowler , published by Oxford in 1997 . It is the story of a teenage girl facing the prospect of bereavement . Bowler won the annual Carnegie Medal , recognising the year 's best children 's book by a British subject . River Boy also won the 1999 Angus Book Award . Margaret K. McElderry Books ( Simon & Schuster ) published the first U.S. edition in 2000 ( ISBN 0-689-82908-6 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c3f5259488f04b1e3d8b1e950b28a88", "text": "Michael O'Mara Books Michael O'Mara Books is a small , family-run , privately owned publishing house in the United Kingdom . Established in London in 1985 , by an American expatriate , Michael O'Mara , a native of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and his British wife , Lesley , the company focuses on biographies and autobiographies . Its imprint , Buster Books , publishes children 's books . O'Mara Books ' first publication was Alastair Burnet 's biography of the Queen Mother , entitled The ITN Book of the Queen Mother , which topped the 1985 The Sunday Times bestseller list . One of the publishing house 's most influential publications was Diana : Her True Story by Andrew Morton , the second highest-selling authored work in the UK in the 1990s . The publishing house has established a reputation for high-profile autobiographies and biographies ( including such bestsellers as Anything Goes by John Barrowman , and My Word is My Bond by Roger Moore ) , innovative humour and non-fiction ( I Before E ( Except After C ) , The Timewaster Letters , and The Book of Senior Moments ) , as well as children 's books , published under the Buster Books imprint ( The Boys ' Book , The Girls ' Book and Children 's Miscellany , parts 1 , 2 and 3 ) . Successful humour titles include Where 's the Meerkat ? , the # 1 Sunday Times bestseller of Christmas 2011 . The Mums ' Book and The Dads ' Book were both number one bestsellers and spawned the successful ` Best at Everything ' series which includes books for sisters , aunts , grandparents , and others . Foreign editions of books in the series have been published in over 35 territories to date . I Before E was the sleeper hit of Christmas 2007 , and has sold more than 400,000 copies reaching number three on the Sunday Times '' ' hardback nonfiction chart . The followup , I Used To Know That : Stuff You Forgot From School , hit the bestseller lists upon publication in June 2008 . The series includes titles on History ( Remember , Remember ; Divorced , Beheaded Died ) , Classics ( A Classical Education ) , Poetry ( I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud ) , and Maths ( As Easy As Pi ) . Buster Books publishes commercial non-fiction for children . Its successes include The Boys ' Book : How To Be The Best At Everything , which has sold almost 400,000 copies to date . This book was followed by the # 1 children 's bestseller , The Girls ' Book , with 320,000 copies sold . The bestselling Girls ' Book of Glamour and Boys ' Book of Survival , published in January 2008 , both made the bestsellers chart , with Girls ' Book of Glamour remaining there for 16 weeks . O'Mara Books won the Independent Publishers ' Guild International Achievement Award in 2007 . The Boys ' and Girls ' Book range has been expanded to include annuals and doodle books , volumes 2 and 3 of each and a box set . Buster Books launched a children 's fiction list in 2011 , with the first titles being Hollow Earth by John and Carole E. Barrowman , and the Monstrous Maud '' series of books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c802214ce974071ca59dfba313598aed", "text": "Caldecott Medal The Randolph Caldecott Medal annually recognizes the preceding year 's `` most distinguished American picture book for children '' , beginning with 1937 publications . It is awarded to the illustrator by the Association for Library Service to Children ( ALSC ) , a division of the American Library Association ( ALA ) . The Caldecott and Newbery Medals are the most prestigious American children 's book awards . The award is named for Randolph Caldecott , a nineteenth-century English illustrator . Rene Paul Chambellan designed the Medal in 1937 . The obverse scene is derived from Randolph Caldecott 's front cover illustration for The Diverting History of John Gilpin ( Routledge , 1878 , an edition of the 1782 poem by William Cowper ) , which depicts Gilpin astride a runaway horse . The reverse is based on `` Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie '' , one of Caldecott 's illustrations for the nursery rhyme `` Sing a Song of Sixpence '' . Beside the Caldecott Medal , the committee awards a variable number of citations to worthy runners-up , called the Caldecott Honors or Caldecott Honor Books . The `` Honor '' was introduced in 1971 , but some runners-up had been identified annually and all those runners-up were retroactively named Caldecott Honor Books . The number of Honors or runners-up had always been one to five , and it had been two to four since 1994 , until five were named in 2013 and six in 2015 . The Honor Books must be a subset of the runners-up on the final ballot , either the leading runners-up on that ballot or the leaders on one further ballot that excludes the winner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d88c1917b624df33d94c84c4941803a", "text": "The Red Shoes The Red Shoes may refer to : The Red Shoes ( fairy tale ) , a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e1f1add3c01b488965f8ddc4ca20a0a", "text": "Pointe shoe A pointe shoe is a type of shoe worn by ballet dancers when performing pointe work . Pointe shoes were conceived in response to the desire for dancers to appear weightless and sylph-like and have evolved to enable dancers to dance en pointe ( on the tips of their toes ) for extended periods of time . They are manufactured in a variety of colors , most commonly in shades of light pink .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a2d0d1070977ad6413f2ef91775704fb
Colombia is a place.
[ { "docid": "d952aa525db9553a8d775edfbd812f51", "text": "Colombia Colombia ( k ) , is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples , with as most advanced the Muisca , Quimbaya and the Tairona . The Spanish set foot on Colombian soil for the first time in 1499 and in the first half of the 16th century initiated a period of conquest and colonization , ultimately creating the New Kingdom of Granada , with as capital Santafé de Bogotá . Independence from Spain was acquired in 1819 , but by 1830 the `` Gran Colombia '' Federation was dissolved . What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada . The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 . Since the 1960s , the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict , which escalated in the 1990s but then decreased from 2005 onward . Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world , and thereby possesses a rich cultural heritage . The urban centres are mostly located in the highlands of the Andes mountains . Colombian territory also encompasses Amazon rainforest , tropical grassland and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines . Ecologically , it is one of the world 's 17 megadiverse countries , and the most densely biodiverse of these per square kilometer . Colombia is a middle power and a regional actor with the fourth-largest economy in Latin America , is part of the CIVETS group of six leading emerging markets and is a member of the UN , the WTO , the OAS , the Pacific Alliance , and other international organizations . Colombia has a diversified economy with macroeconomic stability and favorable growth prospects in the long run .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "d1192be652a27a899b93f2ae5018f43c", "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of Cundinamarca Cundinamarca is a department of Colombia , one of the original nine states of the `` United States of Colombia '' . As with the other states , Cundinamarca once had the right to issue its own postage stamps , and it issued stamps with the state 's coat of arms , starting in 1870 and ending in 1904 . Many of these are still readily available . There is one rarity , the 2-real provisional stamp from 1883 , although there is some doubt as to whether it was sold to the public , since no used copies are known to exist . Likewise , authentic uses of any Cundinamarca stamp on cover are not often seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5104a7bbfc432dc1adb7a9cabb6cbb51", "text": "Itagüí Itagüí ( -LSB- itaˈɣwi -RSB- ) is a city of Colombia , located in the south of the Aburrá Valley in the Antioquia Department . It is part of The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7557924076d1acb19410851031750e5", "text": "Government entities of Colombia The Government entities of Colombia ( Entidades Gubernamentales de Colombia ) are entities of the government of Colombia . The government entities is made up by commissions , control agencies , administrative departments , directorates , funds , superintendencies , among other . Some of these agencies are under the supervision of the President of Colombia with special autonomy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54cec7145787c9c723ebaa52112b7ab4", "text": "Valle del Cauca Department Valle del Cauca , or Cauca Valley ( -LSB- ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkauka -RSB- , -LSB- ˈβaʝe ðel ˈkauka -RSB- ) is a department of Colombia . It is in the western side of the country , facing the Pacific Ocean , and it is considered one of the most important departments in the Republic of Colombia . Its capital is Santiago de Cali . Given its privileged location , lately it has been considered as the Pacific Door of Colombia . Besides Cali such cities as Buenaventura , Cartago and Tuluá have great economical , political , social and cultural influence on the department 's life . Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent towns ( i.e. not in Metropolitan areas ) with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country , counting six within its borders . Buenaventura has the largest and busiest seaport in Colombia , moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise . The anthem of Valle del Cauca Department is `` Salve Valle del Cauca , mi tierra '' ( `` Hail Valley of the Cauca , my land '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ee2fd7c11dc098457aef1ebe8af01e5", "text": "Tumaco Tumaco is a port city and municipality in the Nariño Department , Colombia , by the Pacific Ocean . It is located on the southwestern corner of Colombia , near the border with Ecuador , and enjoys of hot tropical climate . Tumaco is inhabited mainly by Afro-Colombians and some indigenous people . Tumaco is accessible by plane , from the western city of Cali , one of the main urban centers of the country , well connected to Bogotá , the capital city . It can also be reached by land via highway from the city of Pasto , the capital city of the Nariño Department . Tumaco is known for being the hometown of many great Colombian soccer players , including Willington Ortiz . Colombian film director Samuel Córdoba released a documentary about the city in 2009 . The film , entitled `` Tumaco Pacífico '' , chronicles the stilt-house area of the city , predominantly populated by Afro-Colombians . Córdoba was inspired by a panoramic photo of the stilt houses he saw in a photography book on Tumaco . The film won first place at the Festival de Cine Latinoamericano de Bordeaux , in France , and was presented at the Festival Internacional de Cine , in Santiago , Chile . Other places of interest include untapped ecotourism sites and beaches located near the mouth of the Mira River , where the river meets the sea . Also , there are the Playas de Milagros ( beaches of Miracles ) , and Bocananueva y Teran beaches , where visitors can experience great diversity of flora and fauna first hand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8ab5b28375f42f620077e1fda07ca4", "text": "Cordillera A cordillera is an extensive chain of mountains or mountain ranges . The term is a borrowing from Spanish , in which it has the same meaning . The Spanish word originates from cordilla , a diminutive of `` cuerda '' , or `` rope '' . It is most commonly used in the field of physical geography . The term is particularly applied to the various ranges of the Andes of South America , and less frequently to other mountain ranges in the `` ridge '' which rims the Pacific Ocean . In Colombia and Venezuela the cordilleras are named according to their position : Cordillera Occidental , Central , and Oriental . Various local names identify the cordilleras in Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Chile , and Argentina . Mountain ranges of this type have a complex structure , usually the result of folding and faulting accompanied by volcanic activity . In South America the ranges include numerous volcanic peaks . ( Though not itself a volcano , Argentina 's Mt. Aconcagua , at 22,834 feet ( 6,960 metres ) high , is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere . The Andes cordillera has Ojos del Salado , the highest active volcano in the world , and second highest point in the Western Hemisphere . A number of the volcanoes have been active in historic times . Aside from the volcanic peaks , the crests include many narrow ridges , some of which reach into the zone of permanent snow . Between the ranges there are numerous inhabited valleys , basins , and low plateaux with a wide range of elevations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39978dd8e9320f3b9743a90b5306bf5e", "text": "Tucanoan languages Tucanoan ( also Tukanoan , Tukánoan ) is a language family of Colombia , Brazil , Ecuador , and Peru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce58ea2457745e787fe75a4a6ff8d258", "text": "Isthmo-Colombian Area The Isthmo-Colombian Area is defined as a cultural area encompassing those territories occupied predominantly by speakers of the Chibchan languages at the time of European contact . It includes portions of the Central American isthmus like eastern El Salvador , eastern Honduras , Caribbean Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Panama , and northern Colombia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9737fffe83bee2247f09dd5709196d9b", "text": "Boyacá Department Boyacá ( -LSB- boʝaˈka -RSB- ) is one of the thirty-two departments of Colombia , and the remnant of Boyacá State , one of the original nine states of the `` United States of Colombia '' . Boyacá is centrally located within Colombia , almost entirely within the mountains of the Eastern Cordillera to the border with Venezuela , although the western end of the department extends to the Magdalena River at the town of Puerto Boyacá . Boyacá borders to the north with the Department of Santander , to the northeast with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Norte de Santander , to the east with the departments of Arauca and Casanare . To the south , Boyacá borders the department of Cundinamarca and to the west with the Department of Antioquia covering a total area of 23189 sqkm . The capital of Boyacá is the city of Tunja . Boyacá is known as `` The Land of Freedom '' because this region was the scene of a series of battles which led to Colombia 's independence from Spain . The first one took place on 25 July 1819 in the Pantano de Vargas and the final and decisive battle known as the Battle of Boyacá was fought on 7 August 1819 at Puente de Boyacá . Boyacá is home to three universities : the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia ( UPTC ) , the Universidad de Boyacá ( UNIBOYACA ) , and the Saint Thomas Aquinas University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07499589679e696a2c421f0349312f12", "text": "Boyacá State Boyacá State was one of the states of Colombia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "649e76c8bc2f59cd5b35e0ecb0e6e0e1", "text": "Senate of Colombia The Senate of the Republic of Colombia ( Senado de la República de Colombia ) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia , with the lower house being the House of Representatives . The Senate has 102 members elected for concurrent ( non-rotating ) four-year terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b854e608f95792713572e59f73b5480", "text": "Animal rights in Colombia Animal rights in Colombia refers to topics related to Animal rights in Colombia . The Colombian constitution does not recognize animal rights . Law 84 of 1989 stipulates a statute to protect animals , with the exception of bullfighting and cock fights , which are considered to be part of the Culture of Colombia . Despite having a legislation against animal trafficking , Colombia is one of the major sources and routes for animal trafficking in the world . There are numerous non-governmental organizations working in Colombia on behalf of animal rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ac6c7bcde60e76ba0ad96771dc7c86f", "text": "Balloon effect The balloon effect is an often-cited criticism of United States drug policy . The name draws an analogy between efforts to eradicate the production of illegal drugs in South American countries and the phenomenon of the same name when a latex balloon is squeezed : The air is moved , but does not disappear , instead moving into another area of less resistance . Examples of this displacement in drug traffic include : Fumigation of marijuana in Mexico caused production to migrate to Colombia . Marijuana crackdowns in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta moved activity to Cauca . In the late 1990s , coca was largely eradicated in Peru and Bolivia , only to be replaced by new crops in Colombia . Recently , with the intense spraying in the Colombian Putumayo Department , coca has been planted in other departments including Arauca , Cauca , Caquetá , Guaviare , Huila , Meta , Nariño , and Santander . As described in The Economist : Brazil and the Southern Cone ( Chile , Uruguay , Paraguay , Argentina ) neglected their respective drug trafficking issues and due to the concentration on the Andean region , these were neglected by the United States as well . These nations ignored the problem primarily due to its slow introduction and penetration into their society , the insistence from the U.S. that the sources of the drugs was the only problem and because the governments at the time were more concerned with foreign debt , inflation , economic growth , civil-military relations and political survival . The United States continued to increase their anti-drug operations in the Andean region resulting in displacement . This means that the U.S. tactics forced the drug traffickers to search for safer areas with less government pressure to eliminate the flow of narcotics . The drug traffickers took advantage of the neglected Southern Cone and began shifting their routes , locations for cocaine laboratories and money laundering centres . These shifts have also created growing drug consumption issues among the Southern Cone countries . While the role of the Southern Cone had been that of a transhipment point for cocaine produced in the Andean region , further evidence appeared to indicate that in fact since 1984 the region had been used extensively by Colombian and Bolivian drug traffickers . Cocaine labs were found in Northern and Western Brazil and in Argentina . It was also found that Uruguay and Chile had become major financial centres for money laundering after the invasion of Panama . Uruguay was particularly attractive as it has one of the most open banking systems in the Western hemisphere and the government has always put great emphasis on having tight bank secrecy laws .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc9932de9ed37828b6bab8e8b2debe8f", "text": "Puerto Colombia, Guainía Puerto Colombia is a town and municipality located in the Guainía Department , Republic of Colombia . Category : Municipalities of Guainía Department Category : Populated places in the Guainía Department", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86185a9a3b952333ebc6aad5dcf8eb8b", "text": "Cotacachi Canton Cotacachi is a canton of Imbabura province of Ecuador in South America . The name also refers to the city which is the seat of that canton , one of Ecuador 's leading artisanal manufacturers of leather goods , and to the dormant Volcan Cotacachi which overlooks the canton . The city of Cotacachi holds a UNESCO medal for being free of illiteracy . In 2000 the canton of Cotacachi was declared the first ecological county of South America . The name Cotacachi has many meanings . In `` Cara '' it means `` lake with women breast '' which refers to the general shape of the island in Laguna Cuicocha ; in Quichua it means powder salt . The ecosystems of the area and the native flora and fauna makes this canton one of the ecologically richest zones in South America . The area attracts tourists for bird-watching , camping , and fly fishing . The weather in the area ranges from 9 to 25 degrees Celsius and is cooler in the evenings . In the last decade Cotacachi has implemented a new system of local development by creating a city council . All the sectors of the society , from children to the ancient , rural and urban representatives participate in the council . Cotacachi is an example of development and progress . Ascendant Corporation plans to raze to the ground the villages of Junín , Cerro Pelado , and El Triunfo in order to make ground for copper mining . Since the complete moratorium passed on all mining in Ecuador ( as of May 2008 ) , however , this has been delayed if not completely halted . Pachakutik , a party of the indigenous population gained four of five seats in the area at the 2004 local elections . For the 2009-2014 period , Alberto Anrango ( supporter of the Alianza PAIS party ) was the mayor of Cotacachi . In 2014 , Jomar Cevallos , founder of the new party , Ally Kawsay ( `` Vivir Bien '' in Spanish , or `` Good Living '' in English ) , won the election for the 2015-2019 period . Cotacachi is known for quality leather goods ; it has a number of shops on `` Leather Street '' that sell coats , jackets , shoes , and specialty items .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "871cd01c5f84ea17a462955b89f9a26d", "text": "Santa Marta Santa Marta , officially Distrito Turístico , Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta ( `` Touristic , Cultural and Historic District of Santa Marta '' ) , is a city in Colombia . It is the capital of the department of Magdalena and fourth largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia , after Barranquilla , Cartagena , and Soledad . Founded on July 29 , 1525 , by the Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas , it was the first Spanish settlement in Colombia , and is the oldest surviving city in that country , and second oldest in South America . This city is situated on a bay of the same name and as such , is a prime tourist destination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1b9caba51b1167f1f97125edf3c2854", "text": "Cordillera Occidental Cordillera Occidental is Spanish for `` Western mountain '' . It may refer to : Cordillera Occidental ( Colombia ) Cordillera Occidental ( Ecuador ) Cordillera Occidental ( Peru ) Cordillera Occidental ( Bolivia )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef04d468cf5c69e16dc98f8beb982df5", "text": "Human trafficking in Colombia The country of Colombia is a major source country for women and girls subjected to trafficking in persons , specifically forced prostitution in Latin America , the Caribbean , Western Europe , Asia , and North America , including the United States . Within Colombia , some men are found in conditions of forced labor , but the forced prostitution of women and children from rural areas in urban areas remains a larger problem . Individual cases of forced marriage -- a risk factor for trafficking -- involuntary domestic servitude , and forced begging have been reported . Some children are subjected to forced labor in mines and quarries , in the agricultural sector or as domestic servants . Groups at high risk for internal trafficking include displaced persons , poor women in rural areas , and relatives of members of criminal organizations . Continued armed violence in Colombia has displaced many communities , making them vulnerable to human trafficking . Guerillas and new illegal armed groups forcibly recruit children to join their ranks ; the government estimates thousands of children are exploited under such conditions . Members of gangs and organized criminal networks force their relatives and acquaintances , and displaced persons -- typically women and children -- into conditions of forced prostitution and forced labor , including forced work in the illegal drug trade . Colombia also is a destination for foreign child sex tourists , particularly coastal cities such as Cartagena and Barranquilla . Migrants from South America , Africa , and China transit Colombia en route to the United States and Europe ; some may fall victim to traffickers . The Government of Colombia fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons . During the reporting period , the government increased law enforcement actions against trafficking offenders , enhanced prevention efforts , and continued to offer victim services through an interagency trafficking operations center and through partnerships with NGOs and international organizations . The significant number of Colombians trafficked abroad , however , reflects the need for increased prevention efforts and victim services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4169c89a488fff96a7cec74368062a2", "text": "Community of Latin American and Caribbean States The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States ( Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños , CELAC Comunidade de Estados Latino-Americanos e Caribenhos Communauté des États Latino-Américains et Caribéens Gemeenschap van Latijns-Amerikaanse en Caraïbische Staten ) is a regional bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states thought out on February 23 , 2010 , at the Rio Group -- Caribbean Community Unity Summit , and created on December 3 , 2011 , in Caracas , Venezuela , with the signature of The Declaration of Caracas . It consists of 33 sovereign countries in the Americas representing roughly 600 million people . Due to the focus of the organization on Latin American and Caribbean countries , other countries and territories in the Americas , Canada and the United States , as well as the overseas territories in the Americas of France ( Overseas departments and territories of France ) , the Netherlands ( Dutch Caribbean ) , Denmark ( Greenland ) and the United Kingdom ( British Overseas Territories ) are not included . CELAC is an example of a decade-long push for deeper integration within Latin America . CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and by some to reduce the significant influence of the United States on the politics and economics of Latin America . It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States ( OAS ) , the regional body that was founded by United States and 21 other Latin American nations originally as a countermeasure to potential Soviet influence in the region . CELAC is the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development ( CALC ) . In July 2010 , CELAC selected President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez and President of Chile Sebastián Piñera , as co-chairs of the forum to draft statutes for the organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d5b8bff0810d5b90ca2cdd3c0128df", "text": "Valledupar Valledupar is a city and municipality in northeastern Colombia . It is the capital of Cesar Department . Its name , Valle de Upar ( Valley of Upar ) , was established in honor of the Amerindian cacique who ruled the valley ; Cacique Upar . The city lies between the mountains of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá to the borders of the Guatapurí and Cesar rivers . Valledupar is an important agricultural , cattle raising , coal mining and agro-industrial center for the region between the Departments of Cesar and southern municipalities of La Guajira Department , formerly known as the Padilla Province . Valledupar is notable as the cradle of vallenato music , representative of the Colombian culture . The city hosts the Vallenato Legend Festival . During the 1980s , 1990s and early 2000s , the city suffered during the Colombian Armed Conflict , with numerous kidnappings , thousands of people forced out and failure to control crime . Valledupar has one of Colombia 's most modern maximum security prisons .", "title": "" } ]
fever
c21d2d8e30aa305ed061d6858a27589a
April was the month when the Fate of the Furious was theatrically released in the United States.
[ { "docid": "cbfa4c7568539eddc0b066612d8ec98f", "text": "The Fate of the Furious The Fate of the Furious ( alternatively known as Fast & Furious 8 and Fast 8 , and often stylized as F8 ) is a 2017 American action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Chris Morgan . It is the eighth installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Dwayne Johnson , Jason Statham , Michelle Rodriguez , Tyrese Gibson , Chris ` Ludacris ' Bridges , Scott Eastwood , Nathalie Emmanuel , Elsa Pataky , Kurt Russell and Charlize Theron . The Fate of the Furious follows Dominic Toretto ( Diesel ) , who has settled down with his wife Letty ( Rodriguez ) , until cyberterrorist Cipher ( Theron ) coerces him into working for her and turns him against his team , forcing them to find Dom and take down Cipher . The Fate of the Furious marks the first installment in the franchise since The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift ( 2006 ) not to star both Paul Walker , who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30 , 2013 while filming Furious 7 ( 2015 ) , and Jordana Brewster ; following script rewrites to the seventh installment after Walker 's death which completed the story arcs for both of their characters ( Brian O'Conner and Mia Toretto , respectively ) , both characters were retired . Plans for an eighth installment were first announced in March 2015 when Diesel appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! and announced that the film would be set in New York City . Preparations for the film began immediately after the release of Furious 7 , with Diesel , Morgan and producer Neal H. Moritz re-signing . After setting an initial release date in the same month , casting took place between April and June 2015 . In October 2015 , Gray was announced to direct the film in the place of James Wan , who had directed the previous installment . Principal photography began in March 2016 in locations such as Mývatn , Havana , Atlanta , Cleveland and New York City , continuing the franchise 's tradition of filming in exotic locations around the world . The Fate of the Furious premiered on April 4 , 2017 in Berlin , and was theatrically released in the United States on April 14 , 2017 , playing in 3D , IMAX 3D and 4DX internationally . The film received mixed reviews from critics , who praised the action sequences and performances , while criticizing the storyline . The film has grossed over $ 1.2 billion worldwide , making it the thirtieth film ( and the second in the franchise , after Furious 7 ) to gross over $ 1 billion , the second highest-grossing film of 2017 and the eleventh highest-grossing film of all time . The film grossed $ 532 million worldwide during its opening weekend , setting the record for the highest-grossing opening of all time , ahead of Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( $ 529 million ) . A sequel is scheduled to be released on April 19 , 2019 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1e53e574a28fbaba5ebe93c294efaac7", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack) The Fast and the Furious is the first of two soundtracks based on the major motion picture The Fast and the Furious . The soundtrack reached number seven on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top Soundtracks . The album went platinum in 2002 in both the United States and Canada . The single released from the soundtrack is `` Put It on Me '' and `` Furious '' by Ja Rule , `` POV City Anthem '' by Cadillac Tah , Good Life ( Remix ) by Faith Evans and `` Justify My Love '' by Vita . The Limp Bizkit single `` Rollin ' ( Urban Assault Vehicle ) '' , which is the remix to `` Rollin ' ( Air Raid Vehicle ) '' , is also featured on the soundtrack . The song features DMX , Method Man and Redman and is produced by Swizz Beatz . The soundtrack exclusively featured artists from Irv Gotti 's label The Inc. . Records such as Ja Rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "218fb51912f8eb164dcf332c2e03a99a", "text": "Welcome to New York (2014 film) Welcome to New York is a 2014 French-American drama film co-written and directed by Abel Ferrara . Inspired by the Dominique Strauss-Kahn affair , the film was released on 17 May 2014 by VOD on the internet as the film failed to secure a place on the official selection at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , nor was it picked up for theatrical distribution in France and is facing self-censorship by the French media , according to Vincent Maraval , one of the producers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3f99537c1863004f025b41e29c716e9", "text": "Born to Raise Hell (film) Born to Raise Hell is a 2010 American action film directed by Lauro Chartrand , and also written and produced by Steven Seagal , who also starred in the film . The film co-stars Dan Bădărău and Darren Shahlavi . The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on April 19 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65d588a70edd9cc6ae0f3cf2f845100d", "text": "Kohtalon kirja Kohtalon kirja ( The Book of Fate , though the website also uses The Booke of Fate ) is a Finnish film released in 2003 . The movie was a DVD release , though it premiered in a theater . The movie is a multi-genre episode movie . It 's frequently described as a `` Horror/Western/War / Action/Sci-fi '' movie , as it covers all of those genres in different episodes . The frequent themes are horror and fantasy , too . The movie was conceived and directed by Tommi Lepola and Tero Molin . Many of the makers , including Lepola and the producer Ilkka Niemi , jointly made the movie as their graduation work from Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu . The lead roles were given to freshly graduated acting students . As a graduation work , it is vastly larger than most such projects . In addition to these , many well-known Finnish actors , such as Vesa Vierikko , Santeri Kinnunen and Åke Lindman came to make an appearance in the movie . Many of them found it interesting to work on a movie like this , because such movies are not typically made in Finland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda73ca777bad592d2c732ea1a60eb0a", "text": "Lightning Entertainment Lightning Entertainment is an American film distributor , sales agent , and production company based in Santa Monica , California . It was founded in 2002 by Richard Guardian , Rich Goldberg , and Marc Greenberg , focusing on sales and distribution of independent films . It began offering film production services in 2012 , which it stated were designed to help domestic films better target international markets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6647ac902a39a89777083ba83aaf4e4", "text": "Fires of Fate Fires of Fate may refer to : Fires of Fate ( play ) , by Arthur Conan Doyle based on his 1898 novel The Tragedy of the Korosko Fires of Fate ( 1923 film ) , a British-American silent film adaptation Fires of Fate ( 1932 film ) , a British sound film adaptation", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b019529c3584734b2d76286711a17042", "text": "Tripwire (film) Tripwire is a 1989 American film directed by James Lemmo . It is an action/adventure movie about a terrorist and government secret agent personal vendetta that began when a train hijacking goes badly awry and the terrorist 's son is accidentally killed . The original music score was composed by Richard Stone . Originally intended for a theatrical release ( it did get releases only in Europe between 1989 and 1990 ) , the movie was released directly to video and laserdisc on March 21 , 1990 in the U.S. by RCA/Columbia and in Canada on video only by Cineplex Odeon . The movie has not been released on DVD and as of December 26 , 2009 , Sony has not announced any plans to release the movie on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dec61e7899817a495da74f12dda9f081", "text": "World Film Company The World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company , organized in 1914 in Fort Lee , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3391c4801ff6a62b25c92cd3ab53a5", "text": "Wheel of Fate Wheel of Fate may refer to : Wheel of Fate ( Ferris wheel ) , at the Enchanted Kingdom theme park in Santa Rosa , Laguna , Philippines Wheel of Fate ( film ) , a 1953 British drama Rota Fortunae , a concept in medieval and ancient philosophy referring to the capricious nature of fate", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef24d763f685ed1634ad089e037c11a", "text": "Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego . Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1333396c5c79152a8a6bf303e0e30095", "text": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film . TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d2076833bbcc792a599826823157163", "text": "Dawn Breakers International Film Festival Dawn Breakers International Film Festival ( DBIFF ) is an international travelling film festival held in various cities throughout the world . The festival originated in 2007 and debuted in Phoenix , Arizona and has since been held in San Diego , Houston and Zurich . DBIFF was recognized as an important festival and nominated at the 2014 annual list of MovieMaker 's `` Top 25 Film Festivals of the World '' in the Social Cause category . Selected films from this festival has received theatrical distribution , television broadcast and an Academy Award nomination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b7c1f9f801ec4d8fd85bf1979ce4e8", "text": "April (1961 film) April ( -LSB- აპრილი , Aprili -RSB- , -LSB- Апрель , Aprel -RSB- ) is a short romance-drama film written and directed by Otar Iosseliani . The film was produced in 1961 in Iosseliani 's early period while still in his native Georgia . The film was screened out of competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]
fever
c88c179630cfee53e489b7f9b579df36
True Detective's second season was not set in the United States.
[ { "docid": "9b18db54a68585849ac1615a61f44458", "text": "True Detective True Detective is an American anthology crime drama television series created and written by Nic Pizzolatto . The series , broadcast by the premium cable network HBO in the United States , premiered on January 12 , 2014 . Each season of the series is structured as a disparate , self-contained narrative , employing new cast ensembles and following various sets of characters and settings . The first season , starring Matthew McConaughey , Woody Harrelson , Michelle Monaghan , Michael Potts , and Tory Kittles , takes place in Louisiana and follows a pair of Louisiana State Police homicide detectives , and their pursuit of a serial killer over a 17-year period . The second season , starring Colin Farrell , Rachel McAdams , Taylor Kitsch , Kelly Reilly , and Vince Vaughn , is set in California , and focuses on three detectives from three cooperating police departments and a criminal-turned-businessman as they investigate a series of crimes they believe are linked to the murder of a corrupt politician . The first season received generally excellent reviews from critics and earned high ratings for HBO . It was nominated for and won numerous awards and other accolades , chiefly for its acting , cinematography , writing , and direction . Reception to the second season was more divided , though the show maintained high viewership for HBO . In July 2016 , HBO head of programming Casey Bloys confirmed plans for a potential third season , stating , `` It is not dead . I talked to Nic about it and both Nic and HBO are open to another season . I do n't think Nic has a take and he 's working on some other projects . We 're open to somebody else writing it and Nic supervising it . It 's a valuable franchise , it 's not dead , we just do n't have a take for a third season yet . '' This came shortly after McConaughey said he would hypothetically be interested in reprising his role as Rust Cohle in a third season . In March 2017 , it was revealed that Pizzolatto has written the first two episodes of a potential third season and that David Milch joined the creative team .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f64bb9961419cb7cee311361b0c4fcd0", "text": "Fringe (season 2) The second season of the American science fiction television series Fringe commenced airing on the Fox network on September 17 , 2009 , and concluded on May 20 , 2010 . The season was produced by Bad Robot Productions in association with Warner Bros. . Television , and its showrunners were Jeff Pinkner and J.H. Wyman . Actors Anna Torv , John Noble , and Joshua Jackson reprised their roles as FBI agent Olivia Dunham and father-son duo Walter and Peter Bishop , respectively . Previous series regulars Lance Reddick , Jasika Nicole , Blair Brown , and Kirk Acevedo also returned , though with Acevedo in a limited capacity . The season followed the continuation of a war between two universes , the prime and the parallel . It was set in the former , until the last several episodes when Peter Bishop ( Jackson ) journeyed back to the parallel universe after being lured there by his real father , `` Walternate '' ( Noble ) . While co-creator J.J. Abrams described the first season as `` identifying that there is an enemy '' , he referred to season two as `` getting to know the enemy '' as it `` build -LSB- s -RSB- to a very specific type of confrontation '' between the two universes . The writers focused on their characters ' development , in particular making them more comfortable with each other while solving cases for Fringe Division . By inventing the `` mythalone '' style of episode , the producers sought to create the perfect episode that mixed standalone episode qualities for casual viewers with the further development of the series ' mythology for regular viewers . In a departure from the previous season , the second season aired in a new competitive timeslot at 9:00 pm on Thursdays . It contained 22 episodes , plus an unaired episode that was produced during the first season ; `` Unearthed '' aired as a special as episode 11 of season two , days prior to `` Johari Window '' , the first new episode of 2010 . Also part of the season was the series ' only musical episode , `` Brown Betty '' , which was produced at the request of the network . The season finale , `` Over There '' , fully introduced the parallel universe and laid the groundwork for the third season . Fringe ended its second season with a per episode average of 6.252 million total viewers and a 2.3 ratings share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The season was generally well-received by critics , though most agreed that the second half was a considerable improvement over the first . The series was chosen for a number of 2010 `` best of television '' lists , including The New York Times , the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , and Entertainment Weekly . Despite its critical acclaim , Fringe failed to earn any major category nominations at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards , but did receive nominations at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards , Golden Reel Awards , and Satellite Awards ; at the Saturn Awards , Torv and guest actor Leonard Nimoy won in their respective categories . The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 14 , 2010 , in region 2 on September 27 , and in region 4 on November 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56e440c342da7e7024602b07ecc5a88d", "text": "Love Child (season 2) The second season of the Australian drama television series Love Child , began airing on 5 May 2015 on the Nine Network . The season concluded on 23 June 2015 . It consisted of 8 episodes and aired on Tuesdays at 8:40 pm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fca95d818addc5fda54f62f74e1c14a", "text": "The Big Bang Theory (season 2) The second season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory was originally aired on CBS from September 22 , 2008 , to May 11 , 2009 , over 23 episodes . The Complete Season DVD was released September 15 , 2009 , and a Blu-ray version was reissued on July 10 , 2012 , with remastered surround sound audio , whereas the DVD version only had stereo . Season two starts immediately after the end of season one with Leonard and Penny 's date . Jim Parsons submitted the episode `` The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis '' for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards . In 2009 , TV Guide ranked the episode the # 60 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes . Christine Baranski submitted the episode `` The Maternal Capacitance '' for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04528690e9ab560bff1d0dead5822d6a", "text": "Chuck (season 2) The second season of Chuck contains 22 episodes and was originally aired from September 29 , 2008 to April 27 , 2009 . The season continues to focus on Chuck 's constant struggle to keep his spy life and real life apart as he becomes more accustomed to being a spy . More background on the Intersect project is revealed . Fulcrum , a hostile espionage organization that covets the Intersect , is featured more heavily as the season 's main antagonist . Chuck and Sarah continue to grow closer , complicating their asset-handler relationship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275eb3e33def924426a2b08292171fe9", "text": "The X-Files (season 9) The ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on November 11 , 2001 , concluded on May 19 , 2002 , and consists of twenty episodes . The season takes place after Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) goes into hiding , following the events of the eighth season finale , `` Existence '' . As such , the main storyarc for the season follows Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , and Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) on their hunt to reveal a government conspiracy involving the elaborate creation of `` Super Soldiers '' . For this season , former series ' leads Duchovny and Anderson scaled back their involvement with the show , with the former only starring in the two episodes that formed the season finale , `` The Truth '' . Doggett and Reyes became the show 's central characters , and former recurring character Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) became a main character . Series creator Chris Carter had hopes that the show could continue on with new leads , and the opening credits were accordingly redesigned again . Season nine received mixed reviews by critics and garnered negative reaction from many long-time fans and viewers , partially because Duchovny did not make regular appearances on the show , after fulfilling his contract in the previous season . During this year , ratings for the season fell dramatically . Critics blamed it on what they considered an increasingly incoherent story arc , whilst the cast and crew ascribed the drop in viewership to the September 11 attacks . Regardless , Fox eventually decided to cancel the series . During the airing of season eight , Carter and The X-Files production team had created and aired a spinoff titled The Lone Gunmen . The show was unsuccessful and was cancelled before any story arcs were resolved , but The X-Files episode `` Jump the Shark '' was written to give closure to the series . The X-Files storyline was continued with the 2008 theatrical film The X Files : I Want to Believe and later with a tenth season in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f253db225001d6d5f90494c64fe91213", "text": "Haven (season 2) The second season of the American television series Haven premiered on July 15 , 2011 , on Syfy . The season consisted of 13 episodes including a Christmas episode . The show stars Emily Rose , Lucas Bryant and Eric Balfour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a0f3b816607afc925a16e8a514f01f4", "text": "Secret of the Second Door `` Secret of the Second Door '' is an episode of the American television detective series Hawaiian Eye .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0438726b2f937db14e558fcaa14b20e", "text": "The Chicago Code The Chicago Code is an American crime drama television series created by Shawn Ryan that aired on Fox in the United States . The series was filmed in Chicago , Illinois , originally airing from February 7 to May 23 , 2011 , with Fox announcing cancellation on May 10 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b865b7ac1f808bd400d6da249ee583", "text": "Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Outsiders is an American television drama series created by Peter Mattei . Set in the fictional town of Blackburg , Crockett County , Kentucky , the series tells the story of the Farrell clan and their struggle for power and control in the hills of Appalachia . It is WGN America 's third original series , which debuted on January 26 , 2016 . On March 11 , 2016 , WGN America renewed Outsiders for a second season which premiered on January 24 , 2017 . On April 14 , 2017 , WGN America announced , the series had been canceled after two seasons , with the then forthcoming last episode of the second season , airing as a series finale on the channel . Production and distributing studio Sony Pictures Television is set to shop the series elsewhere for further seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f7445529ccdefaa42f0d71f5bd2a555", "text": "The Sopranos (season 2) The second season of The Sopranos aired on HBO from January 16 to April 9 , 2000 . The second season was released on DVD in region 1 on November 6 , 2001 . The story of the season focuses on Tony 's growing mistrust of one of his closest friends Big Pussy Bonpensiero , who is revealed to be an FBI informant . Dr. Melfi continues meeting with Tony despite her growing disgust of his actions and contemplates the nature of their relationship . Tony 's sister Janice also returns to New Jersey , and their collectively strained relationship with their mother Livia and each other continues . Meadow is accepted into college , but her personal life intersects with Tony 's crime life for the first time . Former boss Jackie Aprile 's brother Richie is released from prison and causes trouble for Tony and his business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dc317376d47c397d7024b675ec7d97b", "text": "Cold Case (season 2) Season two of Cold Case , an American television series , began airing on October 3 , 2004 and concluded on May 22 , 2005 . Season two regular cast members include Kathryn Morris , Danny Pino , John Finn , Thom Barry and Jeremy Ratchford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59694140737250fd6aa5f38ada4e2e46", "text": "Millennium (season 2) The second season of the serial crime-thriller television series Millennium commenced airing in the United States on September 19 , 1997 , concluding on May 15 , 1998 after airing twenty-three episodes . It tells the story of retired FBI Agent Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) . Black lives in Seattle , Washington with his wife Catherine ( Megan Gallagher ) and daughter Jordan ( Brittany Tiplady ) . He works for a mysterious organization known as the Millennium Group , investigating murders using his remarkable capability of relating to the monsters responsible for horrific crimes . After killing a man who stalked and kidnapped Catherine , Black faces tension within his family while simultaneously being drawn deeper into the sinister Group . The season began with `` The Beginning and the End '' , which marked the first episode of the series helmed by new co-executive producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , who would remain in charge for the full season . Accolades earned by the season include a Bram Stoker Award nomination for Darin Morgan 's `` Somehow , Satan Got Behind Me '' , a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for `` Jose Chung 's Doomsday Defense '' guest star Charles Nelson Reilly and a Young Artist Award win for Tiplady .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63156b01397d1948ce104dba6d811a7f", "text": "Real World Seattle: Bad Blood Real World Seattle : Bad Blood is the thirty-second season of MTV 's reality television series Real World , which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season as cameras document their lives and interpersonal relationships . It is the ninth season to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States , specifically in Washington , and is also the third season to be filmed in the Pacific Northwest after The Real World : Portland . The season featured a total of fourteen people , consisting of seven original roommates and seven additional permanent roommates who lived in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle , Washington . This season follows a twist from the past three seasons . It is the tenth season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season , as the show 's seventh season was set in Seattle in 1998 . Seattle was first reported as the location for the thirty-second season by the website Vevmo on May 22 , 2016 . Production began on June 30 , and concluded on August 27 , 2016 totaling up to 58 days of filming . The season premiered on October 12 of that year on MTV and the MTV app , and concluded with the season finale on January 4 , 2017 , consisting of 12 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e119361dd928a98f5b9550e807920e5", "text": "Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut . The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts . The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3435b76a83277a7d6f10a26e780206ed", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return . Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 . The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching . This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cfa68a3fb54beeb16269a8e2e7b9f5d", "text": "Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures . The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized . The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .", "title": "" } ]
fever
75b6e122d886950521a3afb25c895e79
Chris Evans (presenter) hosted a programme.
[ { "docid": "ed68a0969c9f085be56d700bf23a5b88", "text": "TFI Friday TFI Friday is an entertainment show broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom . The show was produced by Ginger Productions , written by Danny Baker and hosted by Chris Evans , for the first five series . The sixth series was hosted by a number of guest presenters . It was broadcast on Fridays at 6pm from 9 February 1996 to 22 December 2000 , with a repeat later that night . The show 's theme tune was Ron Grainer 's theme from Man in a Suitcase , in keeping with Evans 's frequent use of 1960s television themes in his work . A one-off revival episode of the show was broadcast on Channel 4 on 12 June 2015 . The episode was well received and on 23 June 2015 , Channel 4 announced they had commissioned a full revived series , which began airing on 16 October 2015 . In 2016 Channel 4 announced that there were no plans for any further series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c1cbb91735b069b6a98311fe85114be", "text": "The One Show The One Show is a BBC Television magazine and chat show programme . Broadcast live on BBC One on weekdays at 7pm , it features topical stories and studio guests . It is currently co-hosted by Alex Jones or Angela Scanlon , alongside Matt Baker ( Mondays to Thursdays ) and a guest host on Fridays . Various reporters also assist with subject-specific presenting , both in the studio and on location , or through filmed segments . Originally produced in Birmingham and then in BBC 's Media Village in White City , London , since 2014 the studio is in Broadcasting House , the BBC 's headquarters in London . Launched with a pilot series in 2006 , leading to a full series from 2007 , it has had various previous permanent and temporary hosts ; the partnership of Jones and Baker began in 2011 , with Chris Evans serving as the first Fridays only host from 2010 until 2015 . Prior to the introduction of Evans , the longest presenting partnership was Adrian Chiles and Christine Bleakley from 2007 to 2010 . Their easy and approachable on-screen chemistry is credited with boosting ratings after an unpromising start , establishing the show as a popular staple of British viewing . The programme is ordinarily 30 minutes long , although it is occasionally extended to an hour . It runs all year round , apart from a two-week break at Christmas and a four-week summer vacation , with the summer slot filled with a highlights show , The One Show : Best of British , presented by Matt Allwright and Lucy Siegle . Launching the full series represented a major financial commitment for the BBC and was seen by them as a first test of a wide-ranging restructuring of the BBC 's production arm into a more flexible and creative organisation , with the show seen as potential platform for piloting other programme ideas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd991db2cbd899d6eae1cdecd1e9b738", "text": "Chris Evans (presenter) Christopher James `` Chris '' Evans ( born 1 April 1966 ) is an English presenter , businessman and producer for radio and television . He started his broadcasting career working for Piccadilly Radio , Manchester , as a teenager , before moving to London as a presenter for the BBC 's Greater London Radio and then Channel 4 television , where The Big Breakfast made him a star . Soon he was able to dictate highly favourable terms , allowing him to broadcast on competing radio and TV stations . Slots like the Radio 1 Breakfast Show and TFI Friday provided a mix of celebrity interviews , music and comic games , delivered in an irreverent style that attracted high ratings , though often also generated significant numbers of complaints . By 2000 he was the UK 's highest paid entertainer , according to the Sunday Times Rich List . In 2005 , he started a new career on BBC Radio 2 , hosting the long-running Drivetime programme , before moving in 2010 to host The Chris Evans Breakfast Show every weekday morning . He previously presented The One Show on Fridays between 2010 and 2015 . In 2015 , he signed a three-year deal to lead a new Top Gear line-up . On 23 June 2015 it was confirmed that TFI Friday would return for its seventh series with eight episodes in December 2015 . Evans confirmed that he would also return to present it . It was then revealed that the BBC Top Gear team told Evans he would have to leave TFI Friday after the upcoming series if he intended to stay with Top Gear . On 4 July 2016 Evans announced that he would be stepping down as presenter of Top Gear . As of 2017 he continues to present the popular BBC Radio 2 Breakfast Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd253187d15dd41c2662ec603b26dac6", "text": "Top Gear (2002 TV series) Top Gear is a British television series about motor vehicles , primarily cars . It is a relaunched version of the original 1977 show of the same name , airing since 2002 , and has become the most widely watched factual television programme in the world . Since the relaunch , the conventional motoring magazine programme has developed a quirky , humorous and sometimes controversial style over time , and has become a significant show in British popular culture . During its first 22 series , the programme received acclaim for its visual style and presentation as well as criticism for its content and often politically incorrect commentary made by its former presenters Jeremy Clarkson , Richard Hammond , and James May . Columnist A. A. Gill , close friend of Clarkson and fellow Sunday Times columnist , described the programme as `` a triumph of the craft of programme making , of the minute , obsessive , musical masonry of editing , the French polishing of colourwashing and grading '' . The show 's relaunched format was originally hosted by Clarkson , Hammond and Jason Dawe , with Andy Wilman as the show 's executive producer , and introduced an anonymous test driver known as `` The Stig '' ; although part of the line-up , `` The Stig '' has been played by numerous racing drivers over the course of the series . Following the first series , Dawe was replaced by May , and the hosting line-up remained unchanged until 25 March 2015 , when Clarkson was informed by the BBC that his contract would not be renewed following an incident between himself and a producer . Following Clarkson 's dismissal , his co-hosts Richard Hammond and James May , along with Andy Wilman , announced that they would not return to the show without him , and instead left to work alongside Clarkson to produce a new motoring series that would later be known as The Grand Tour . Following their departure , Chris Evans and Matt LeBlanc took over as the new hosts for the 23rd series , with Rory Reid , Sabine Schmitz , Chris Harris and Eddie Jordan joining them in the series when needed . Following negative feedback for the series , Evans resigned , with the BBC choosing to retain the other five presenters and assigning LeBlanc , Harris and Reid as the main hosts for the 24th series . First-run episodes are broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two and ( from series 20 ) BBC Two HD . From series 14 -- 19 , before the launch of the dedicated BBC Two HD channel , new episodes were also simulcast on BBC HD . The series is also carried on cable television systems in the United States via BBC America , in Latin America via BBC Entertainment and in Europe and South-East Asia via BBC Knowledge .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8c779eabf564b16a540361559dda3de2", "text": "North One Television North One Television is a television production company based in London and Birmingham , England , and Sydney , Australia . It was originally known as Chrysalis Television and is now part of All3Media . Notable programmes produced include Formula 1 coverage on ITV for ITV Sport , Football Italia , ASBO Teen to Beauty Queen , The Gadget Show and Fifth Gear . North One Television has won the tender for a programme to accompany Channel 4 's Formula 1 coverage from 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cad8627071728e910030128f3a58ff67", "text": "Local programming The terms local programme , local programming , local content or local television refers to a television program made by a television station or independent television producer for broadcast only within the station 's transmission area or television market . Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme genres but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an audience within the station 's coverage area . For example , a local sports programme will present results , interviews and coverage of games or matches , just like a network sports programme , but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster 's transmission area . In some cases a television network programme may include a local element as well . This is particularly the case in the United Kingdom and still happens today with The Politics Show . The BBC regions will all opt-out at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment . Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area , will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region . Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television . Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen . In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the local newscast . The above can also apply to radio . A national radio network may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content . In the late-1950s , many of the early Australian television series such as Melbourne Magazine ( 1957 ) , Sydney Tonight ( 1956-1959 ) , and TV Talent Scout ( 1957-1958 ) were broadcast in only a single city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc2086e64c7da61244002a9c924b360a", "text": "Nick Grimshaw Nicholas Peter Andrew `` Nick '' Grimshaw ( born 14 August 1984 ) is an English television and radio presenter . He is best known for having hosted a variety of shows on BBC Radio 1 and has been host of The Radio 1 Breakfast Show since 2012 . He is also known for his Channel 4 roles in T4 and The Album Chart Show . In 2015 , he was a judge on the twelfth series of The X Factor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb8c9851664b2b6d0d52e6abf3ed3a23", "text": "BBC Introducing BBC Introducing is the brand for new music programmes across the BBC radio stations , showcasing unsigned , self-signed and other emerging musical talent primarily from the UK . Launched in 2007 the Introducing brand brings programming from across the BBC under a unified brand with each show retaining its own identity . Introducing has also been extended to the BBC 's stages at major festivals such as Glastonbury . Introducing shows can now be found on most BBC Radio stations from national to local . In 2010 BBC Introducing was awarded the best new platform to discover music at the BT Digital Music Awards . In May 2011 , BBC Introducing won the Gold award for Best Use of Multiplatform at the Sony Radio Academy Awards . Since 5 January 2013 , every BBC Local Radio station across England and the Channel Islands broadcasts a BBC Introducing programme at 8pm on Saturday evenings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2635f18602e1b2398d927914ab8663b", "text": "The Jack Docherty Show The Jack Docherty Show was a nightly comedy chat show which aired on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom between 1997 and 1999 . Presented by comedian Jack Docherty the programme was one of the first to air on the channel , doing so as part of its opening night schedule on 30 March 1997 . The show was recorded at London 's Whitehall Theatre during the early evening and would then be broadcast in a late-night slot . It featured a mixture of chat with celebrity guests , comedy , and music , and followed a similar format to shows such as NBC 's Late Night with David Letterman in the United States . Accompanying Docherty and guests was a house band , whose line-up changed from time to time . It was first briefly led by Pete Baikie , followed a few weeks later by Richard Allen . They named the studio band Pete Baikie and the Peetles and Richard Allen and the Allenoids respectively . In September 1997 a new house band , Blair , fronted by Blair MacKichan took over the role and remained until the house band was dispensed with some time in 1998 . MacKichan was better known for his appearance in the Oxo adverts during the 1980s , although he was also an accomplished musician . Docherty was frequently absent from the programme , usually during school holidays , and when this happened the show was retitled Not The Jack Docherty Show and would be presented by a stand-in . Guest presenters included Phill Jupitus , Graham Norton , Fred McAulay , Carol McGiffin , Melinda Messenger , Rich Hall and Tim Vine . Ironically the role of guest host helped to launch Graham Norton 's television career , and won him the award for best newcomer at the 1997 British Comedy Awards . Docherty -- who was also attending the ceremony -- had expected to win the award himself . Norton went on to front his own series on Channel 4 in 1998 titled So Graham Norton . Channel 5 had originally wanted to call the show The Docherty Will See You Now , and when first on air it was broadcast five nights a week . However , as the series progressed numbers of episodes were reduced as the channel moved away from its original `` stripped and stranded '' scheduling format , and , in the first instance , because Docherty had requested that he do fewer shows . From September 1997 it dropped to four nights a week when the Friday edition was withdrawn from the schedule , then three in March 1998 after Monday 's episode was also dropped . By September 1998 the series dropped to a Tuesday and Thursday airing , while the Wednesday slot was then taken up with the somewhat similar Melinda 's Big Night In , a chat show hosted by Melinda Messenger . One weekly episode of The Jack Docherty Show was aired during its last few months , before the final edition went out on 23 June 1999 . The decreasing number of weekly editions also had much to do with the show 's poor viewing figures . Often these would be higher when Docherty was absent , with model Melinda Messenger achieving higher viewing figures when she stood in for him . The show was also panned by critics , particularly when , in 1998 , Docherty decided not to renew his contract with Channel 5 when it expired at the end of that year . In November 1998 a television reviewer in The Independent observed : `` In effect , The Jack Docherty Show ( C5 , Tue and Thur ) is working out its notice . And boy , does it show . It 's as if Docherty is perfunctorily doing his job even as the removal men are dismantling the show and packing it off to the archive . The house band has gone , the flats of the set have been taken down , and the script has been stowed at the bottom of a cardboard box file . '' This sentiment was echoed in the 19 February 1999 edition of Private Eye , which claimed that Docherty had closed one episode with the words , `` In line with Channel 5 policy , it 's past eleven o'clock and time for some tatty pornography '' , and had then simulated fellatio on a pizza salesman . The scene was edited out before broadcast in what Private Eye suggested was a decision influenced by criticism of Channel 5 , which at the time included soft-core pornography in its schedule . In January 2010 , The Guardian '' 's Sam Leith wrote that The Jack Docherty Show '' had `` died a death '' , musing : `` I 'm not sure even Jack Docherty remembers it very well . '' In March 1999 , Docherty said of his departure that he felt the show had `` burned out '' and was running out of guests . In a 2008 interview he said the role of chat show host had not suited him , and that he had not enjoyed it . `` You would be talking to people about what they were doing , and you actually wanted to be doing it yourself . '' However , the programme is notable for featuring some of the first television work of writers Kevin Cecil and Andy Riley , Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain , and writer/performers David Mitchell and Robert Webb , all of whom have gone on to have successful comedy careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f47b1282493ccc7b24d2a0b2a4a94d39", "text": "Sky World News Sky World News is a weekday programme which airs between 3am and 6am GMT on Sky News and is broadcast around the world . The programme is presented by Kimberley Leonard , and is produced by a specific team of foreign news specialists . The back half hours in this time slot are known as ` Sky World News and Business Review ' and contain further international news stories and more in depth business coverage . Despite this little difference in content , the two half hours are branded separately .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07f467a9d400ad3d046b3bbf60f4b63b", "text": "Daily Politics Daily Politics '' is a British television show launched by the BBC in 2003 and presented by Andrew Neil and Jo Coburn . The programme takes an in-depth look at the daily goings-on in Westminster and other areas across Britain and the world , and includes interviews with leading politicians and political commentators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e162d3d9cf2fc02fa93c3dab4a1c1456", "text": "Thursday FC Thursday FC was an Australian sports variety television program which covered professional association football in Australia . It was shown on SBS2 and presented by Lucy Zelic and former footballer David Zdrilic . The TV series ceased in February 2014 after poor audience ratings . South Park replaced it after it was axed . The format was loose and based on the BBC 's Top-Gear style presentation format . Innovative use of graphics , social media and live music made the program stand out from the usual sport themed programs available to Australian audiences . Graphics used by the producers were in a comic book style and made the show visually memorable . The show aired on Thursday nights , the first episode premiered on 10 October 2013 ahead of the first game of the 2013 -- 14 A-League season . The program showcased the latest football news , views and opinions with a predominant focus on the A-League , the hour-long show was packed with entertainment , interviews and live performances . Each episode included a look at each upcoming A-League game for the round , highlights from the previous weekend of football as well as special guests including players , celebrity tipping and live music acts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea3f8a0d99bec67eb075fc85c80a6cdd", "text": "Jedward's Big Adventure Jedward 's Big Adventure is a children 's television programme airing on CBBC . It is hosted by Irish twins Jedward ( John and Edward Grimes ) and follows them as they visit various UNESCO historical sites around the United Kingdom . Each teaming up with celebrity guests , the twins are tasked with learning as much about each site as possible , before leading a tour of real tourists and passing on what they 've learned . Two series of five episodes each were produced and broadcast , whilst a third series was extended to 10 episodes , broadcast in January 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f7f6142100cd2423f47942df5f3915a", "text": "Lizzie Greenwood-Hughes Elizabeth Greenwood-Hughes ( née Greenwood ) is an English television presenter working for the BBC . As of 2012 she is a regular presenter of Sports News on the BBC News Channel and the BBC Weekend News .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba836eb70d6c9e86c3db34f417aa5bd4", "text": "Chris Kelly (TV presenter) Christopher Paul Kelly ( born 24 April 1940 ) is an English TV presenter , producer and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ef99af5c43b02f066eee6ed1bd7173a", "text": "Mike Evans (journalist) Michael David Evans ( born June 30 , 1947 ) is an author , journalist , commentator and the head of several international non-profit organizations in the U.S. and Netherlands . Evans is also a Christian Zionist . Evans has written 42 books and has provided analysis and commentary on Middle East affairs for a variety of media . He has appeared on network television and radio shows . His op-eds have been published in The Washington Times , The Jerusalem Post and others . He founded and serves as head of a number of politically conservative Christian organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9957502a211f4f374cdd5d8b17916ce3", "text": "Nigel Randell Evans Nigel Randell Evans ( often credited simply as Nigel Evans ) ( born 1943-2014 ) was a British author , campaigner for people with disabilities and film maker , with over 40 social documentaries to his credit , including Walter the feature film screened on the inaugural night of the UK 's Channel 4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf8142d2fe4666a96beda9361c00d477", "text": "Boom Bang-a-Bang: 50 Years of Eurovision Boom-a-Bang : 50 Years of Eurovision is a one-hour documentary that aired on BBC One on 16 May 2006 . The programme celebrates 50 years of the Eurovision Song Contest . The programme was presented and narrated by long serving Eurovision commentator Terry Wogan . It included a guest appearance from the UK representative for the 2006 Eurovision Song Contest Daz Sampson as well as archive footage from previous UK and other entries from previous song contest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c73565df74445e79dbabd7ccf67b7a42", "text": "This World (TV series) This World is a current affairs programme which produced by the BBC and broadcast on BBC Two in the United Kingdom , first airing on 4 January 2004 . The programme also airs worldwide occasionally through BBC World News on digital services , satellite and cable in many countries . The series is mainly focused on social issues and current affairs stories around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3ae3118e5dfaea374c47d2f81413182", "text": "Chris Page Chris Page is a radio presenter , currently with Triple M Sydney . Page originally worked for NXFM announcer and then moved to SAFM . On 6 December 2009 Page moved to Sydney 's 2DayFM , following the top rated Kyle and Jackie O breakfast program . Page has filled in for the duo . Page hosted the national chart show Hot30 Countdown across the Austereo Network . He and co-host Charli Delaney debuted on 15 March 2010 after successfully filling in for the regular hosts as well as a temporary nighttime show on both the FOX and 2dayFM from August to November 2009 . This led them to host a new Saturday night program entitled Party People , which began broadcasting in December 2009 and was heard nationally . In 2011 , Chris joined Triple M Sydney 's Grill Team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a562c425287c413e6d17c47b10cf7c66", "text": "List of Gogglebox episodes Gogglebox is a television review programme , narrated by Caroline Aherne and Craig Cash , which features recurring British couples , families and friends sitting in their living rooms watching and commenting on various television shows . This is a list of all broadcast episodes . All dates are the first broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom . As of 10 June 2016 , there have been 85 episodes over seven series . There was a `` Brexit Special '' episode of Gogglebox on 3 August 2016 . A junior version of the show , called Gogglesprogs , launched with a Christmas Special on Christmas Day 2015 , and was followed by six other episodes which began airing from 17 June 2016 until 22 July 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ee3944b1a50c3b71721b721a8b882e", "text": "Saturday Live (UK TV series) Saturday Live was a British television comedy and music show broadcast by Channel 4 from 1985 to 1987 , and in 1988 as Friday Night Live . Influenced by the American show Saturday Night Live ( in particular its use of guest hosts ) , it was produced by Paul Jackson . The series made stars of Ben Elton , Harry Enfield , Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie , and featured appearances ( in some cases first television appearances ) by Patrick Marber , Morwenna Banks , Chris Barrie , Emo Philips , Tracey Ullman , Craig Ferguson , Craig Charles and many others . The show featured comic duo Adrian Edmondson and Rik Mayall in their act The Dangerous Brothers . All episodes were transmitted live , although some material was pre-recorded . Recordings of shows were edited into compilation repeats , retitled Saturday Almost Live . The show was succeeded by Friday Night Live , a shorter and slightly more tightly-formatted show with Elton as the permanent host , which ran for a single series in 1988 . The show 's titles consisted of reforming clay animations , highly comparable to early MTV idents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7ca73db30c587d56e4443d0296e5c9b", "text": "Steve Berry (presenter) Steve Berry is a British media presenter who appeared on BBC2 's Top Gear and its spin-off Top Gear Motorsport where he reviewed motorcycles and made features relating to them . He was the main presenter of the now defunct Top Gear Radio Show on BBC Radio Five Live , wrote and presented The Bike 's the Star , a four-part documentary series for BBC2 and produced British Biker Build Off for Discovery Channel in 2005 and Bennett 's Biker Build Off for ITV 's Men & Motors in 2006 . Berry appears regularly as a guest on BBC radio , has hosted phone-in shows on Talksport and writes for The Sunday Times . For some time , Berry presented ` the longest show on UK radio ' for Talksport and after guest appearances on 105.4 Century Radio , he became the presenter of the breakfast show on 106.1 Rock Radio , a classic rock station based in Manchester until 2011 . Describing himself as a Mod in his youth , Berry became the public face of British motorcycling . He produced and directed Motor Morphers , an engineering challenge show made by ITN for Channel 5 in May 2013 . He writes a regular column ` Berry on Classics ' in Classic Car Weekly and is a regular expert contributor to BBC Breakfast . In January 2014 Berry returned as the breakfast presenter for 106.1 RealXS ( previously known as 106.1 Rock Radio ) . He presents a weekly radio show Steve 's Speedshop on FAB Radio International , described as ' a digital man-cave for passionate petrolheads ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb0af4b2c381160b0b77cefea9884136", "text": "Uned 5 Uned 5 ( `` Unit 5 '' ) was a BAFTA award-winning teenage magazine show , broadcast live every week on Welsh channel S4C . The programme was the channel 's flagship youth magazine for over sixteen years . The show was broadcast from a purpose built ` house ' at a studio in Caernarfon , and featured celebrity guests , news items , lively chat , bands , sketches and filmed interviews . Despite the obvious ties to The Big Breakfast , the show originally had more in common with the BBC 's Blue Peter , until later relaunches saw Uned 5 target an older , teenage audience . On 24 November 2009 , S4C announced that the programme would be axed as part of a major revamp of the station 's youth programming . The very last edition of Uned 5 was broadcast on Sunday 30 May 2010 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
eb0b123b06b0ef8f1482248e94d373b6
The Voice was renewed for a fourteenth season in 2017.
[ { "docid": "cf4f20ebfc799c973083263746e247f2", "text": "The Voice (U.S. TV series) The Voice is an American reality television singing competition broadcast on NBC . Based on the original The Voice of Holland , the concept of the series is to find currently unsigned singing talent ( solo or duets , professional and amateur ) contested by aspiring singers , age 13 or over , drawn from public auditions . The winner is determined by television viewers voting by telephone , Internet , SMS text , and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists ' vocal performances . They receive US$ 100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition . The winners of the twelve seasons have been : Javier Colon , Jermaine Paul , Cassadee Pope , Danielle Bradbery , Tessanne Chin , Josh Kaufman , Craig Wayne Boyd , Sawyer Fredericks , Jordan Smith , Alisan Porter , Sundance Head , and Chris Blue . The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists ' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season . They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition , thus making them the winning coach . Members of the coaching panel include Adam Levine , Blake Shelton , Christina Aguilera ( seasons 1 -- 3 , 5 , 8 , 10 ) , CeeLo Green ( seasons 1 -- 3 , 5 ) , Shakira ( season 4 , 6 ) , Usher ( season 4 , 6 ) , Gwen Stefani ( season 7 , 9 , 12 ) , Pharrell Williams ( seasons 7 -- 10 ) , Miley Cyrus ( season 11 ) , and Alicia Keys ( seasons 11 -- 12 ) . The Voice began airing on April 26 , 2011 , as a spring TV season program . The show proved to be a hit for NBC and was subsequently expanded into the fall cycle when season three premiered on September 10 , 2012 . The series premiered its twelfth season on February 27 , 2017 . On October 18 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series through its thirteenth season . On May 10 , 2017 , NBC renewed the series for a fourteenth series , along with announcing Jennifer Hudson as a new coach in the thirteenth season . The following day , it was announced that Kelly Clarkson would be a new coach in the fourteenth season , sitting alongside Adam Levine , Blake Shelton , and Jennifer Hudson .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9bd7d2fc0921823c22ed7a1c149c4500", "text": "Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 14) The fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars premiered on 30 September 2014 . Daniel McPherson had returned to host the season , alongside Edwina Bartholemew . Todd McKenney and Helen Richey returned as judges , alongside Kym Johnson and Adam Garcia . The show received significant promotion using Nathaniel Willemse 's song `` Live Louder '' in the use of its television commercials throughout early September . AFL player David Rodan won the competition with his pro dancer , Melanie Hooper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c869c076bf17619506cbe85977e460b8", "text": "La Voix La Voix is a francophone Canadian reality talent show as part of the international television series franchise The Voice , based on the original Dutch version of the program created by John de Mol . The series is part of The Voice franchise and is based on a similar competition format in The Netherlands entitled The Voice of Holland . The series is structured as three phases : blind auditions , battle rounds and live performance shows . In 2016 , la Voix also launched a separate series for younger contestants called La Voix Junior .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1d77353e1969837c45fa82a8e02b642", "text": "Golos (Russia, season 1) The first season of the TV show `` Golos '' ( `` The Voice '' ) was broadcast on the Channel One from 5 October 2012 to 29 December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eafafc3ab9099abf7d576768dc318b6e", "text": "American Music Awards of 1987 The 14th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 26 , 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5567173a807b24fd4f94103f55ec8c69", "text": "List of baritones in non-classical music The baritone voice is typically written in the range from the second G # below middle C to the G # above middle C ( G # 2-G # 4 ) although it can be extended at either end . However , the baritone voice is determined not only by its vocal range , but also by its timbre , which tends to be darker than that of the typical tenor voice . The term baritone was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices , where the classification is based not merely on the singer 's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice . For classical and operatic singers , their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization . In non-classical music , singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender and not by their vocal range . When the terms soprano , mezzo-soprano , contralto , tenor , baritone , and bass are used as descriptors of non-classical voices , they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer 's perceived vocal range . Successful non-classical baritones display a wide range of vocal qualities and effects that lend a unique character to their voices , many of which are considered undesirable in the operatic or classical baritone singer , such as `` breathy '' ( Jim Reeves ) , `` crooning '' ( Ville Valo ) , `` growling '' ( Neil Diamond ) , and even `` ragged '' ( Bruce Springsteen ) . The following is a list of singers in various music genres and styles ( most of which can be found on the List of popular music genres ) who have been described as baritones . Additionally , the bands that they have been lead singers of appear in parentheses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aec8b5ed8f6a04b0faec61e1c322caa", "text": "Rising Star (U.S. TV series) Rising Star was a short-lived American reality television singing competition which began airing on ABC on June 22 , 2014 . It was based on the international franchise series Rising Star itself based on the Israeli singing competition HaKokhav HaBa ( meaning `` The Next Star '' ) made by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd. . The program format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps . It was filmed live in Los Angeles . The show is also carried in Canada , with advertising simultaneous substitution and voting access on CTV . Jesse Kinch was the winner of Rising Stars first and only season with a vote of 76 % . Macy Kate holds the record of highest vote with 93 % and she came in 9th place . Daniel & Olivia hold the record of lowest vote with 6 % and they came in last place . Rising Star was cancelled after the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13ee10894f97ec3ecbe9fb09d14965d7", "text": "The Voice of Germany The Voice of Germany is a German reality talent show that premiered on 24 November 2011 on ProSieben and Sat .1 . Based on the reality singing competition The Voice of Holland , the series was created by the Dutch television producer John de Mol . It is part of The Voice , an international series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a5c0252dfca098b38f5e1d193816787", "text": "The Voice of the Philippines (season 2) The second season of The Voice of the Philippines was a reality singing competition in ABS-CBN which started airing on October 26 , 2014 . apl.de.ap , Lea Salonga , Sarah Geronimo , and Bamboo Mañalac returned as coaches for this season . Toni Gonzaga also returned to host the show ; she was also joined by The Voice Kids host , Luis Manzano . Robi Domingo and Alex Gonzaga also returned to reprise their roles as the show 's V-reporters . The show aired every Saturdays 8:45 p.m. ( PST ) and Sundays at 8:30 p.m. ( PST ) . On March 1 , 2015 , Jason Dy of Team Sarah won the competition , beating Alisah Bonaobra of Team apl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68c1b217175732237cb183ac2c6d37b5", "text": "The Voice of Armenia The Voice of Armenia ( Armenian : Հայաստանի Ձայնը pronounced Hayastani Dzayne ) is an Armenian television singing competition created by John de Mol . The first season was broadcast on Armenia TV . The show premiered in late 2012 continuing to 2013 . The rules of the show are based on The Voice of Holland and The Voice ( U.S. ) and include blind auditions ( in Armenian Կույր լսումներ ) , ` wild card ' round , battle phase ( in Armenian Մենամարտ ) , and live rounds ( in Armenian Գալա համերգներ ) . The Voice of Armenia is open not only to artists from Armenia , but also to Armenians from the Armenian diaspora including Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205", "text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "801e749256f47fb490510b39a05abacc", "text": "America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of America 's Got Talent , an American television reality show talent competition , premiered on the NBC network on June 23 , 2009 . Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16 , 2009 . This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition . This season 's host is Nick Cannon , who replaced Jerry Springer . Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments . David Hasselhoff , Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges , despite rumors that Osbourne would be leaving the show . Season four was Hasselhoff 's final season as a judge . This season started broadcasting live on August 4 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "229765d42809efb86d75d22876bb8841", "text": "The Voice (India season 2) The second season of the The Voice , the Indian reality talent show , premiered on 10 December 2016 and concluded on 12 March 2017 , with Farhan Sabir being crowned as the winner . The reality series is produced by Urban Brew Studios for & TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3924edbc936c317fc4670868952d3c9b", "text": "The Voice – Najljepši glas Hrvatske The Voice -- Najljepši glas Hrvatske is a reality singing competition and version of The Voice of Holland for Croatia . It is part of the international syndication The Voice based on the reality singing competition launched in the Netherlands , created by Dutch television producer John de Mol . One of the important premises of the show is the quality of the singing talent . Four coaches , themselves popular performing artists , train the talents in their group and occasionally perform with them . Talents are selected in blind auditions , where the coaches can not see , but only hear the auditioner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3617454cd2ca49e92fe8124932c0820", "text": "Voice (grammar) In grammar , the voice of a verb , also called diathesis -LSB- daɪˈæθəsɪs -RSB- and ( rarely ) the gender of a verb , describes the relationship between the action ( or state ) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments ( subject , object , etc. ) . When the subject is the agent or doer of the action , the verb is in the active voice . When the subject is the patient , target or undergoer of the action , the verb is said to be in the passive voice . For example , in the sentence : The cat ate the mouse . the verb `` ate '' is in the active voice . However , in the sentence : The mouse was eaten by the cat . the verbal phrase `` was eaten '' is passive . In the sentence : The hunter killed the bear . the verb `` killed '' is in the active voice , and the doer of the action is the `` hunter '' . A passive version of the sentence is : The bear was killed by the hunter . where the verbal phrase `` was killed '' is followed by the word `` by '' and then by the doer `` hunter '' . In a transformation from an active-voice clause to an equivalent passive-voice construction , the subject and the direct object switch grammatical roles . The direct object gets promoted to subject , and the subject demoted to an ( optional ) complement . In the first example above , the mouse serves as the direct object in the active-voice version , but becomes the subject in the passive version . The subject of the active-voice version , the cat , becomes part of a prepositional phrase in the passive version of the sentence , and can be left out entirely .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e35000c8005d01e091b66c354aa3171", "text": "The Voice Kids (Russia, season 4) The fourth season of the Russian reality talent show The Voice Kids premiered on 17 February 2017 on Channel One . Dmitry Nagiev returns as the show 's presenter . Dima Bilan returns as coach . Nyusha and Valery Meladze replaced Pelageya and Leonid Agutin as coaches . Elizaveta Kachurak won the competition and Dima Bilan became the winning coach for the second time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890", "text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1166f52721b11f03e6430033152af11c", "text": "I Am a Singer (Chinese TV series) I Am a Singer is a Chinese version of the Korean reality show I Am a Singer and it is broadcast on Hunan Television . Seven talented , veteran Chinese singers perform for a selected audience , which votes to eliminate one singer after each week 's performance . The following week , another singer joins the competition , and the lineup of artists varies throughout the course of the show . The program ended its first season on 12 April 2013 , its second season on 4 April 2014 , its third season on 27 March 2015 , and its fourth season on April 8 , 2016 . Starting with the fifth season , the program 's name was changed to `` Singer '' , and the rules of the competition was changed to eliminate a singer in each episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c5835591fdd70643e551b89d64a49ab", "text": "The Voice of Greece (season 3) The third season of the Greek Cypriot reality talent show The Voice of Greece premiered on November 16 , 2016 on Skai TV . Based on the reality singing competition The Voice of Holland , the series was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol . It is part of an international series . The show is hosted by Giorgos Kapoutzidis with Elena Tsagkrinou serving as the backstage and social networking corresponding . Helena Paparizou , Sakis Rouvas , Kostis Maraveyas and Panos Mouzourakis are the new coaches of the season . The winner receives a record deal with Minos EMI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7908f10a0c85118ec57558ec2425fb25", "text": "Latvia in the Eurovision Choir of the Year 2017 Latvia will participate in the Eurovision Choir of the Year 2017 , which they are also the host country of the inaugural Eurovision Choir of the Year . On 29 April 2017 , six acts competed in the national selection Latvija Dzied ! ( `` Latvia Sing ! '' ) , organised by the Latvian national broadcaster , Latvijas Televīzija ( LTV ) . Spīgo , under the conductorship of Līga Celma -- Kursiete , was chosen as the first representatives at the inaugural contest on 22 July 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e10ab770c9cd2e300abd68e8226b579", "text": "The Voice Indonesia The Voice Indonesia is a reality television singing competition created by John de Mol which premiered in Indonesia on 10 February 2013 on Indosiar . The format is Dutch and the original Dutch version of the programme was broadcast in the Netherlands for the first time in 2010 as The Voice of Holland . The show replaced the previous singing contest show Akademi Fantasi Indosiar . Season 2 will be aired in the RCTI . RCTI once again appointed Fabian Dharmawan to produce The Voice Indonesia after successful seasons with Indonesian Idol , X Factor Indonesia and Sasuke Ninja Warrior Indonesia . This program replaces the previous programs singing talent contest , Indonesian Idol because the broadcast is over from 2004 to 2014 and now otherwise been removed from list of programs RCTI . Indosiar dropped The Voice Indonesia after the first season due to poor ratings . In 2016 , the RCTI won the rights to the show , and a second season went into production . The original judging panel line-up in 2013 consisted of Armand Maulana , Giring Ganesha , Glenn Fredly and Sherina Munaf . When the show was revived in 2016 , the judging panel was replaced by Ari Lasso , Agnez Mo , Kaka `` Slank '' and Judika . The programme was commissioned after a successful first series in the US , where the programme aired on NBC . It will be produced by RCTI in Indonesia . The winner receives Rp 100,000,000 , a car , and a record deal with Universal Music Indonesia .", "title": "" } ]
fever
493f1161aa7e04b9c7ad6d44e5f2e53d
The Narrows stars Kevin Zegers.
[ { "docid": "ae67fd5926ee394c4f92c1bd00830259", "text": "The Narrows (film) The Narrows is an American 2008 independent film starring Kevin Zegers , Sophia Bush , Vincent D'Onofrio , Eddie Cahill and Monica Keena .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2eff0a4031cb9438bbd3bca67f440a6d", "text": "Kevin R. Cope Kevin R. Cope ( born January 26 , 1962 ) is the author of Seeing the Big Picture . He is the Co-Founder and CEO of Acumen Learning , where he developed the Five Business Drivers model ( Cash , Profit , Assets , Growth , and People ) , which was designed to help companies to improve employee engagement and to increase their business acumen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5be1c6eb4cb64698abf381901e9759e", "text": "Kevin Grazier Kevin R. Grazier is an American planetary physicist , known for his work on the Cassini/Huygens Mission to Saturn and Titan where he had the dual roles of Science Planning Engineer and Investigation Scientist for the Imaging Science Subsystem instrument . He is an expert in computational methods and planetary dynamics and performs large-scale , long-term simulations of early Solar System evolution , dynamics , and chaos . Grazier has over two dozen technical publications in planetary science , astrobiology , numerical analysis , computer science , and spacecraft operations journals . He is also known for being the science consultant for several television series and movies , most notably the series Defiance , Battlestar Galactica , and Eureka , and the films Gravity and Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales . Also an author , Grazier has written and/or edited several popular science books . He is from Sterling Heights , Michigan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ae33df81148b7ee1e7c1cdc040e06c2", "text": "Dark Streets Dark Streets is a 2008 film adaptation of the play by Glenn M. Stewart . Directed by Rachel Samuels ( The Suicide Club ) from a screenplay by Wallace King . The film stars Gabriel Mann ( The Bourne Supremacy ) , Bijou Phillips ( Choke ) , Izabella Miko ( Coyote Ugly ) , Elias Koteas ( The Thin Red Line ) Michael Fairman ( Thirteen Days ) and Toledo Diamond ( Don 's Plum ) . The film is produced by Andrea Balen ( American Night ) , Claus Clausen ( The Lucky Ones ) , Corina Danckwerts ( American Night ) and Glenn M. Stewart ( The Lucky Ones ) ; and executive produced by Steffen Aumueller ( The Lucky Ones ) . The film 's rich blues score is composed by George Acogny ( Blood Diamond ) , featuring B.B. King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c41bf41308c04e754430017928a989a", "text": "The Curse of Downers Grove The Curse of Downers Grove is an American thriller film written by Bret Easton Ellis . The film is based on the 1999 novel Downers Grove by Michael Hornburg , the film stars Kevin Zegers , Bella Heathcote , Penelope Mitchell , Lucas Till , Zane Holtz , Helen Slater , and Tom Arnold . The film receives a limited theatrical release on August 21 , 2015 and a subsequent DVD/Blu-Ray release on September 1 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f891c0dcea2eb8bc2e4e8d1027ff77d", "text": "David Zellner David Zellner is an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He lives and works in Austin , Texas . Zellner is best known for directing the films Kid-Thing ( 2012 ) and Kumiko , the Treasure Hunter ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3de7d35a28153df4efe7573b757e1cd8", "text": "S. Craig Zahler S. Craig Zahler ( born January 23 , 1973 ) is an American novelist , screenwriter , director , cinematographer and musician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbc9583971e6d5dcc6fbf68f46a2b6b1", "text": "Around the World Under the Sea Around the World Under the Sea is a 1966 science fiction film directed by Andrew Marton and starring Lloyd Bridges , with Marshall Thompson , Shirley Eaton , Gary Merrill , and David McCallum . It follows the adventures of a crew of the deep-diving nuclear-powered civilian research submarine Hydronaut making a submerged circumnavigation of the world to plant monitoring sensors on the ocean floor that will help scientists better predict impending earthquakes . Although Jules Verne is n't credited by the film makers , his influence can be seen throughout the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97dd1bfa216de7455571e50686e5252", "text": "Spokane (film) Spokane is a film that premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , written and directed by Larry Kennar . The cast included Kyle Bornheimer and Jason Waters . A short film , with a run time of only 29 minutes . It was awarded an honorable mention in the international shorts category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7691409646bf57ca0dd6872b6ce2a6c", "text": "Scott Trimble Scott Thomas Suggs Trimble ( born April 15 , 1977 ) is an American location scout and location manager who found locations seen in such projects as Star Trek , Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles , Star Tours II , and Iron Man 2 . He won awards for his work on the films Transformers and Mission : Impossible 3 . He is a founding member of the Location Managers Guild of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b03f50eba81a8d979b93f11da8008020", "text": "Transamerica (soundtrack) Transamerica is the original soundtrack , on the Nettwerk America label , of the 2005 film Transamerica starring Felicity Huffman and Kevin Zegers . The album consists of songs from various artists in the country and bluegrass genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3a12a8ec2dccdfe7287083f46328f6", "text": "Mario Philip Azzopardi Mario Philip Azzopardi ( born 19 de novembro 1950 ) is a Maltese television and film director and writer . He has worked on such shows as The Outer Limits , Stargate SG-1 ( including its two-hour pilot ) , and Stargate Atlantis . In 2008 he directed all eight episodes of the highly acclaimed and award winning HBO Canada/TMN miniseries ZOS : Zone of Separation , which he co created and produced . Mario Philip Azzopardi should not be confused with Maltese poet , short story writer and columnist Mario Azzopardi ( born 1944 ) , who is also involved in theatre and directs the Malta Drama Centre . In 1971 , while still a student at the Royal University of Malta , he directed Il-Gaġġa , presumed to be the first full-length feature filmed entirely in Maltese . Transferred to digital format and enhanced , the film was re-released in Malta in March 2007 . Around the same time he assisted Cecil Satariano during the making of `` Giuseppi . '' Azzopardi was born in Siggiewi , Malta , but left his native country for Canada in 1978 , following a dispute with local censors and theatre authorities who , in 1977 , had cancelled his play , Sulari Fuq Strada Stretta , on the grounds that it was too offensive ; the play was eventually presented at the Manoel Theatre in January 2008 . Azzopardi was educated at St Aloysius ' College ( Birkirkara , Malta ) , and the Royal University of Malta . Azzopardi is married to Therese and has three children , Lara Azzopardi , Kyra Azzopardi and Yari Azzopardi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "698fc41718ef971aae3d5ee3e0ed2f33", "text": "Mike deGruy Mike deGruy ( December 29 , 1951 -- February 4 , 2012 ) was an American documentary filmmaker specialising in underwater cinematography . His credits include Life in the Freezer , Trials of Life , The Blue Planet and Pacific Abyss . He was also known for his storytelling , most notably , a passionate TED talk about his love of the ocean on the Mission Blue Voyage . His company , Film Crew Inc. , specialized in underwater cinematography , filming for BBC , PBS , National Geographic , and The Discovery Channel . His notable accomplishments include diving beneath thermal vents in both the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean . He was a member of many deep sea expeditions and was a part of the team that first filmed the vampire squid and the nautilus . He was also part of the Deepsea Challenge , where James Cameron went to the bottom of the Mariana Trench . In 2016 , production began on a feature-film documentary about his life and work titled Diving Deep . The documentary is planned for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6da5fcdb20293854632bbf6188d21ff", "text": "Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory The Penobscot Narrows Bridge is a 2120 ft long cable-stayed bridge that carries US 1/SR 3 over the Penobscot River . It connects Verona Island to Prospect , in the U.S. state of Maine . It replaced the Waldo -- Hancock Bridge , built in 1931 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad4f096deed383042a9e027053a163cf", "text": "The Battle (Star Trek: The Next Generation) `` The Battle '' is the ninth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation and was originally aired on November 16 , 1987 , in broadcast syndication . The episode was written by Herbert Wright , based on a story by Larry Forrester , and directed by Rob Bowman . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise-D . In this episode , Captain Jean-Luc Picard ( Patrick Stewart ) is given his former vessel , the Stargazer , as a gift by the Ferengi DaiMon Bok ( Frank Corsentino ) who intends to use it to take revenge upon the Enterprise captain . The Stargazer was to originally be represented by the movie-era Enterprise model , but producers were convinced to use a design which had appeared on a model in Picard 's ready room in the series pilot . Several camera and compositing techniques were used by Bowman in filming the scenes aboard the bridge of the Stargazer , which was also a re-dressed movie-era Klingon Bird of Prey bridge set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c8b768ffbbe2d25ca4e81d05b058785", "text": "Mike Cochrane Mike Cochrane is a musician and an actor . Cochrane played in bands such as Train , Shango and many other bands in the 1970s . Mike 's band Train was the `` House Band '' at Gazzarris on the Sunset Strip from 1971 through 1972 . This is where Mike met Edward James Olmos and Rick Vito , who were in a band called `` The Pacific Ocean '' . Mike also played on many recording sessions for Warner Bros. in the 70s and also played with Tim Bogert and Mickey McMeel in a power treo for a while . Mike also did his first acting job as a second engineer in the movie The Rose with Bette Midler and Alan Bates . In the 80 's , Mike continued to play in bands including , Exhibit A , The Zone , Craby Appleton ( With Michael Fennelly ) , Spencer Davis , UXB , Reach , and a couple of new versions of Train , as well as continuing to do studio work . Mike is now acting and can be seen on such shows as My Name Is Earl , Dexter , CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , The Riches , Monk , ER , Weeds , Moonlight , CSI : NY , and Flaked . He also can be seen in the movies Beerfest , Blades of Glory , Epic Movie , Spider-Man 3 , Hancock and Iron Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3980fa94fba8c5dd6ac4499675aac9a7", "text": "Zelše Zelše ( -LSB- ˈzeːu̯ʃɛ -RSB- ; in older sources also Želše , Selsach ) is a village along the road linking Cerknica and Postojna , at the northwestern part of the karst Cerknica Polje in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia . Zelše Caves ( Zelške jame ) -- the source of Rak Creek , a sinking stream -- lies west of the village . Big Karlovica Cave ( Velika Karlovica ) , receiving the waters of Stržen Creek , lies southwest of the village . Industrial facilities are located east of the village .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ea17f05b85f58dbab86c8f3efdaa94", "text": "Kevin Kearney Kevin Kearney ( born August 22 , 1936 in Campsie , New South Wales ) is an Australian analogue location sound recordist , film producer , director , actor and digital producer , director and editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "329c4b9e751e6a18c6bf9342e527de53", "text": "Steve Weslak Steve Weslak is a Canadian film editor . His many editing credits include The Last Chase ( 1981 ) , The Care Bears Movie ( 1985 ) , Deadly Currents ( 1991 ) , Helen 's War ( 2004 ) and The Climb ( 2007 ) . Steve is a member of the Canadian Cinema Editors honours society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e59e756be53f26f7cbed16cff9997e35", "text": "Clove Lakes Park Clove Lakes Park is a public park located in the New York City borough of Staten Island , in the neighborhood of Sunnyside . With valuable ecological assets , Clove Lakes Park has a rich natural history and a few remnants of the past . Chief among them are the park 's lakes and ponds , outcroppings of serpentine rocks , and Staten Island 's largest living thing , a 119 ft tulip tree . Clove Lakes Park is home to many species of indigenous wildlife . Visitors can see fish such as black crappie , brown bullhead , bluegill , emerald shiner , pumpkinseed , largemouth bass , and carp ; birds such as red-tailed hawk , belted kingfisher , double-crested cormorant , red-winged blackbird , Canada goose , and mallard : as well as reptiles and amphibians , like the common snapping turtle , eastern painted turtle , red-eared slider , and occasionally even the red-backed salamander . The park is also home to mammals such as eastern gray squirrel , muskrat , eastern cottontail , and eastern chipmunk . Interstate 278 , built in 1964 , goes through the cleft inside the park to connect the roadway to major interchanges at the then-newly built Verrazano-Narrows Bridge to the East and the Goethals Bridge to the West . When first proposed , the expressway was to be named the Clove Lake Expressway . The park is known for its cozy picnic accommodations and boating . Besides strolling down trails and paddling on its bodies of water to appreciate its beauty , visitors can also experience the park as a more modern recreation zone . Several baseball diamonds , a soccer field , basketball court , playgrounds , and football field dot the park 's landscape . The Staten Island World War II Veteran 's Memorial Ice Skating Rink is an outdoor rink located in what could be called the `` active '' part of the park , close to its other fields and courts . The park consists of three lakes ; the main one is Clove Lake , which run offs to Martling Lake , and then to Brooks Lake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" } ]
fever
97ab6c2ad47522f12d1910f6733dfa47
7 Things is by Jamie Lynn Spears.
[ { "docid": "9626852270ac5e8ce03e7825f4623934", "text": "7 Things `` 7 Things '' is a song by American singer-songwriter and actress Miley Cyrus . The song was co-written by Cyrus , Antonina Armato and Tim James , and produced by John Fields . It was released on June 17 , 2008 by Hollywood Records as the lead single from the first studio album released by Cyrus with no ties to her character Hannah Montana from the Disney Channel comedy series of the same name . Also registered as `` Seven Things I Hate About You '' , Cyrus developed the song during the Best of Both Worlds Tour while feeling numerous emotions for an ex-boyfriend , mainly anger . The song 's release brought allegations that it was about Nick Jonas of the Jonas Brothers , which Cyrus neither confirmed nor denied . Musically , `` 7 Things '' bears aspects of both country and pop rock , while the lyrics in the song 's refrain list seven traits Cyrus hates about an ex-boyfriend . `` 7 Things '' received mixed to positive reviews from music critics and enjoyed worldwide commercial success , becoming a top ten hit on charts in Australia , Japan , Norway , and the United States . The single was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , while its appearance on the Japan Hot 100 made `` 7 Things '' Cyrus ' first song to chart in an Asian country . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Brett Ratner and features Cyrus performing the song with a back-up band as many teenage girls lipsync along . The girls clutch a variety of props , such as love letters and snow globes , inspired by personal items Cyrus ' ex had given her . The video was nominated for an MTV Video Music Award at both the 2008 and 2009 award shows . Cyrus promoted the song through several venues including her world tours , the Wonder World Tour and the Gypsy Heart Tour .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "03d36151bdaf4d18cf5d3fca12fd0cf8", "text": "A Whole Lot More to Me A Whole Lot More to Me is the seventh studio album by American country music artist Craig Morgan . It was released on June 3 , 2016 via Black River Entertainment . It includes the singles `` When I 'm Gone '' and `` I 'll Be Home Soon '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02d1985d374fa5434bf94c6bbd25b784", "text": "A Thousand Beautiful Things `` A Thousand Beautiful Things '' is a song by Annie Lennox , released in 2004 as the second `` promotional-only '' single from her album Bare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca0fabd10c9a701ec3eeda38293552e6", "text": "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing (album) I Do n't Want to Miss a Thing is the eighth studio album released by American country music artist Mark Chesnutt . His last album for the Decca Records label , I Do n't Want to Miss a Thing produced two singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts , including a cover of the Michael Bolton & Aerosmith song of the same name , which reached Number One on the country charts , becoming the final Number One of his career thus far . This cover was also Chesnutt 's biggest crossover , reaching Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Only one other single was released from this album : `` This Heartache Never Sleeps '' , which reached # 17 on the country charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0acfb8668b27860aee75b818cd93c60e", "text": "Things (film) Things is a 1989 Canadian direct-to-video independent exploitation horror film directed by Andrew Jordan , and written and produced by Jordan and Barry J. Gillis . Containing one of the earliest mainstream film roles of porn star Amber Lynn , this Z movie has a cult following of fans who call themselves `` Things-ites '' . The film has been considered to be one of the worst films of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c306e400de86347577c3e0f8ea8b782f", "text": "Love Thing `` Love Thing '' is a song by recording artist Tina Turner from her 1991 album Simply the Best . The single , which brought Turner back to her rock roots , also included the non-album track `` I 'm a Lady '' , written and produced by Terry Britten and Graham Lyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a60c519e24cba1c0ad4a5cf09bffdc37", "text": "Simple Things Remixes Simple Things Remixes is a remix album by Zero 7 , released only in the United States . It features mixes of tracks from their first album , Simple Things and an enhanced music video for the 2001 single `` Destiny '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1ff609dd8457dbae24ac1160d6381a6", "text": "Real Things (song) `` Real Things '' is the debut single by English singer Javine . The single , which features a sample of M.O.P. 's `` Ante Up '' and a lyrical interoperation of `` It Do n't Mean a Thing ( If It Ai n't Got That Swing ) '' by Duke Ellington and Irving Mills , reached the top 5 in the UK singles chart and is currently the biggest hit of her career to date . The song has also featured on the SingStar games , being the 19th single featured on SingStar Party . After finishing sixth in Popstars : The Rivals and narrowly missing out on a spot in Girls Aloud , Javine signed and worked in an R&B - oriented style , and `` Real Things '' became the first piece of music to show so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cde75693bdbd482e64c1318f7d421165", "text": "Seven Wishes 7 Wishes is the third studio album by the band Night Ranger , released in 1985 and produced by Pat Glasser . The album features three Billboard Hot 100 chart hits `` Sentimental Street '' ( # 8 ) , `` Four In The Morning '' ( # 19 ) and `` Goodbye '' ( # 17 ) . The title of `` Four in the Morning ( I Ca n't Take Anymore ) '' describes the time of day Jack Blades wrote the song . In an interview with the Songfacts website , he explained , `` Literally , I wrote that song at 4 in the morning . I mean , I woke up , and I had an idea , ( singing ) ' I ca n't take anymore , I ca n't fake anymore , it 's such a hard time loving you . ' ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60188320c917f4a88ab98618ddd37a0b", "text": "The7stars the7stars is a British media agency . The organization develops promotional content and television advertising , along with social media marketing for clients , who have included music labels Cooking Vinyl , EMI Records , and Atlantic Records . In 2008 , Marketing magazine listed the agency as # 34 in the Top 50 Media Agencies in the world , rising from # 53 in 2007 . In 2015 , Campaign Magazine ranked the7stars the 12th biggest media agency in Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3854dad8a258ea38df85b431ffe15bbb", "text": "The Order of Things (album) The Order of Things is the seventh studio album by All That Remains . It was released on February 24 , 2015 , on Razor & Tie Records . The Order of Things is the first studio album to be produced by Josh Wilbur . It is also the final album to feature bassist Jeanne Sagan due to her departure from the band in September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a76ab30fe3b130d0646a6fa0d70728f9", "text": "Do You Wanna Come Over? `` Do You Wan na Come Over ? '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Britney Spears for her ninth studio album Glory ( 2016 ) . It was written by Mattias Larsson , Robin Fredriksson , Julia Michaels , Justin Tranter and Sandy Chila , and produced by Mattman & Robin . The song was released as the third and final promotional single from the album on August 18 , 2016 , as an instant track for those who pre-ordered the album and for streaming . `` Do You Wan na Come Over ? '' is an electropop and dance-pop song , with subtle keyboards , a strummed guitar and wobbly bass in its instrumentation . Lyrically , the song talks about a flirt between two people , where the protagonist asks for a casual relationship and offers several options and reasons for her lover to hook up with her . The chorus of the song features a `` shouted gang '' of backup singers , with Spears repeating what they sing . Well received , the writers of AllMusic , Boston Globe , Entertainment Weekly , musicOMH , and Vice considered the song a highlight among Glory . Entertainment Weekly and Billboard ranked it among the best songs of 2016 . It has charted in the low regions of France , where it remained for two weeks on the SNEP charts . Spears has performed the track live during her Las Vegas residency show , Britney : Piece of Me , Today and 2016 iHeartRadio Music Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07618dcfcef71b036b862a092ae76a75", "text": "The Best Things (2013 album) The Best Things -- The Greatest Hits is the fourth compilation album and third greatest hits released by Australian rock band Boom Crash Opera . The album was released in Australian on 18 October 2013 . The album was launched on the 25 October 2013 at the Flyer Saucer Club in Melbourne . The album includes tracks from the group 's first four studio albums as well as two new tracks recorded in 2012 , `` I am '' and `` You Ca n't Stop the Sun '' . In an interview with between Weekend Notes and band member Peter Maslen , he described the album as '' ... a basic CD . It 's got the hits and two new songs we recorded last year , which surprised us , but we did do two songs last year . It was n't planned . '' The group toured the album from February to May 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "818ebce0611fae33bcc15da97b824e2a", "text": "7 7 ( seven ; -LSB- ˈsɛvən -RSB- ) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df1668b412735cc72179b60923990d8", "text": "Doin' My Thing Doin ' My Thing is the second studio album by American country music artist Luke Bryan . It was released on October 6 , 2009 by Capitol Nashville . The album includes the singles `` Do I , '' which peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart , `` Rain Is a Good Thing '' , Bryan 's first number one hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart , and `` Someone Else Calling You Baby . '' Also included is a cover version of OneRepublic 's `` Apologize . '' The album has sold over a million copies in the United States by February 2016 . This was Luke 's first album to have a crossover-friendly country-pop sound , which was a departure from the neotraditional country sound of his first album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a45f323f8518e9c4a8183f9539e0cec0", "text": "Nobody Does It Better (album) Nobody Does It Better is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Gina Thompson . It was released through Mercury Records on August 13 , 1996 . The album was led by the hit single , `` The Things That You Do '' . The `` Bad Boy Remix '' , featuring Missy Elliott , version of the song was released as the official lead single . The song peaked at 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at 12 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . The debut album failed to enter the Billboard 200 , but managed to peak at 36 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop albums . In 1998 , the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe46d777a4bd754fd14179480b5f5a49", "text": "Sad Britney Sad Britney is the third EP from American singer-songwriter Christopher Dallman . It was released on November 9 , 2009 by Beauteous Bird Records . After hearing Dallman 's cover of Britney Spears 's `` Gim me More '' , producer Rachel Alina suggested releasing an EP of Spears 's songs to bring attention to his music . The EP also included covers of `` Radar '' , `` Toxic '' and '' ... Baby One More Time '' . All the songs were recorded during the first day of the recording of his second EP , Never Was . The EP became Dallman 's first record to chart on iTunes . His music video for `` Gim me More '' received attention from Spears 's fans who misenterpreted his message and thought he was parodying her , which he denied .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "128fa0fe12bffd99f7c9a69f3a78bc75", "text": "Do Somethin' `` Do Somethin '' is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : My Prerogative ( 2004 ) . It was written and produced by Christian Karlsson and Pontus Winnberg ( known collectively as Bloodshy & Avant ) , with additional writing by Henrik Jonback and Angela Hunte . Originally , the song was never intended to be released as a single . Spears , however , wanted to shoot a music video for it , and had to convince her record company . It was then released on February 14 , 2005 by Jive Records as the second single from the album worldwide except North America . The rock-influenced dance-pop song features usage of electric guitars , and its lyrics allude to having a good time and not caring about other people 's judgement . `` Do Somethin' '' received generally favorable reviews from critics , and received comparisons to Gwen Stefani 's 2004 single `` What You Waiting For ? '' . Although the single was not released in the United States , it charted on many of Billboards component charts due to digital downloads , managing to reach number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was also successful worldwide , reaching top ten positions in countries such as Australia , Denmark , Sweden and the United Kingdom . By the end of 2005 , `` Do Somethin' '' was one of the best-selling singles in Australia and Belgium that year . An accompanying music video , co-directed by Billie Woodruff and Spears , who is credited as her alter ego `` Mona Lisa '' , portrays the singer and four female friends dancing and performing in a nightclub . The usage of a Louis Vuitton dashboard in the video resulted in a lawsuit against Jive Records , which ended with Louis Vuitton winning $ 80,000 in damages . The video was also banned in all European TV channels . Spears performed `` Do Somethin' '' during the The M+M 's Tour in 2007 , The Circus Starring Britney Spears in 2009 and Britney : Piece of Me in 2013 -- 17 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2214fd1c46dba1d2c6d133c00b63bf2", "text": "Seven Days (newspaper) Seven Days is an alternative weekly newspaper that is distributed every Wednesday in Vermont . Seven Days is published by Da Capo Publishing , Inc. , and owned by Pamela Polston and Paula Routly . It is distributed free of charge throughout the following areas : Burlington , Middlebury , Montpelier , Stowe , the Mad River Valley , Rutland , St. Albans , Vermont , and Plattsburgh , New York . Seven Days deals with many aspects of life in Vermont . Columns and stories in the newspaper often concern such topics as state and local politics , Vermont organizations and charities , and general human interest stories . It also features local music listings ; an alternative style comics section ; art , movie and theater reviews ; event listings , local dining , classified advertisements , and personals . Each year Seven Days asks their readers to place votes for the `` Seven Daysies '' which is a compilation of favorite people and places to visit throughout the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d8fe919416130da33c00d94423d287", "text": "Hits 7 The Hits Album 7 or Hits 7 is a compilation album that was released in December 1987 by CBS , BMG , and WEA . It reached # 2 in the UK Albums Chart ( held off by Now 10 , another compilation ) . This was the first in the Hits series to be released on double-CD . It contained 32 tracks , 15 of which appeared on the VHS collection , The Hits Video 7 . Hits 7 features two songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` You Win Again '' and `` Never Gon na Give You Up '' .", "title": "" } ]
fever
0d55b28e39f9b7fa07aa3632bb092819
Theodore Roosevelt lived an athletic lifestyle.
[ { "docid": "3c1e2b63dc8e59431c55770bea635eb9", "text": "Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( -LSB- ˈroʊzəvɛlt -RSB- ; October 27 , 1858 -- January 6 , 1919 ) was an American statesman , author , explorer , soldier , naturalist , and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909 . He also served as the 25th Vice President of the United States and as the 33rd Governor of New York . As a leader of the Republican Party during this time , he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century . His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore , alongside those of George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , and Abraham Lincoln . Roosevelt was born a sickly child with debilitating asthma , but he successfully overcame his physical health problems by embracing a strenuous lifestyle . He integrated his exuberant personality , vast range of interests , and world-famous achievements into a `` cowboy '' persona defined by robust masculinity . Home-schooled , he began a lifelong naturalist avocation before attending Harvard College . His book , The Naval War of 1812 ( 1882 ) , established his reputation as both a learned historian and as a popular writer . Upon entering politics , he became the leader of the reform faction of Republicans in New York 's state legislature . Following the near-simultaneous deaths of his wife and mother , he escaped to a cattle ranch in the Dakotas . Roosevelt served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President William McKinley , but resigned from that post to lead the Rough Riders during the Spanish -- American War . Returning a war hero , he was elected Governor of New York in 1898 . After the death of Vice President Garret Hobart , the New York state party leadership convinced McKinley to accept Roosevelt as his running mate in the 1900 election , moving Roosevelt to the prestigious but powerless role of vice president . Roosevelt campaigned vigorously and the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket won a landslide victory based on a platform of peace , prosperity , and conservatism . Following McKinley 's assassination in September 1901 , Roosevelt became president at age 42 , and remains the youngest president . As a leader of the Progressive movement , he championed his `` Square Deal '' domestic policies , promising the average citizen fairness , breaking of trusts , regulation of railroads , and pure food and drugs . Making conservation a top priority , he established a myriad of new national parks , forests , and monuments intended to preserve the nation 's natural resources . In foreign policy , he focused on Central America , where he began construction of the Panama Canal . He expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States ' naval power around the globe . His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize . He avoided the controversial tariff and money issues . Elected in 1904 to a full term , Roosevelt continued to promote progressive policies , but many of his efforts and much of his legislative agenda were eventually blocked in Congress . Roosevelt successfully groomed his close friend , William Howard Taft , and Taft won the 1908 presidential election to succeed him . In polls of historians and political scientists , Roosevelt is generally ranked as one of the five best presidents . Frustrated with Taft 's conservatism , Roosevelt belatedly tried to win the 1912 Republican nomination . He failed , walked out , and founded a third party , the Progressive , so-called `` Bull Moose '' Party , which called for wide-ranging progressive reforms . The split allowed the Democrats to win the White House and a majority in both houses of Congress . Following his election defeat , Roosevelt led a two-year expedition to the Amazon basin , where he nearly died of tropical disease . During World War I , he criticized President Woodrow Wilson for keeping the country out of the war with Germany , and his offer to lead volunteers to France was rejected . Though he had considered running for president again in 1920 , Roosevelt 's health continued to deteriorate , and he died in 1919 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aec41d2795279afe8ed94fa0d72c67d4", "text": "Jewish athletics during the 20th century During the 20th century , specifically in the Interwar period , athletics became a point of social integration in Jewish communities throughout Europe . Specifically within German society , playing sports provided a chance for Jews to gain social standing and even notoriety for their accomplishments . Additionally , cheering for local area sports teams and clubs provided a common ( secular ) point of interest between Jews and non-Jews . While there are many instances of social integration and acceptance as a result of sports , antisemitism was common at sporting events in central Europe as well . Discrimination , provocation , and riots occurred at sporting events and in response to Jewish athletes , coaches , and managers . As such , the public perception of Jewish athletics was mixed , with notable examples of fame and antisemitism throughout the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed9060d971399c36c81fbeffec390675", "text": "Teddy Billington Edwin `` Teddy '' Billington ( July 14 , 1882 , Southampton -- August 8 , 1966 , Pine Brook , New Jersey ) was an American racing cyclist who competed in the early twentieth century . An all round cycling talent he competed in Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the 1/2 mile and three bronze medals in the 1/4 mile , 1/3 and the mile race . His fiercest competitors were fellow Americans Marcus Hurley and Burton Downing who mostly won gold and silver respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe81724965e80d9b5787c4ce7f82f3c", "text": "Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting . Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality . Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86c59b5c5038fca2ef0c4b4a18fa2d26", "text": "Sport in Cuba <blockquote> to historical associations with the United States , many Cubans participate in sports which are popular in North America , rather than sports traditionally promoted in other Latin American nations . Baseball is by far the most popular ; other popular sports and pastimes include boxing ( Cuba is a dominant force in amateur boxing , consistently Post Revolutionary Cuba prides itself on its success in sports . Fidel Castro expressed that sports should be `` the right of the people , '' not the right of the wealthy . He compared Pre-Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary Cuba by explaining that while before only the wealthy could enjoy sports , now everyone can enjoy sports . He also explains that talent in sport comes from hard work , and a strong will . These are not traits the naturally wealthy have ; rather these are traits that working-class people have . In modern Cuban society , sport and physical education begin when a child is only 45 days old . The mothers are taught to exercise their children 's limbs and massage their muscles to keep them healthy . Children are taught at a later age to play games that resemble physical exercise . These ideas were the basis for the modern sports program in Cuba , and clearly it is working . Considering that Cuba 's population is only around 11 million ( around half the size of New York metro area ) , Cuba has a demanding porn porn porn porn In 1961 , two years after the triumph of the Revolution , The National Institute of Sport , Physical Education , and Recreation ( INDER ) was created . This was the governing branch of all sport and recreation in Cuba . It developed all of the current sports and education programs in place today , including the EIDE , which is the program that finds the naturally talented young adults and gets them into sports oriented secondary schools . All first and secondary schools in Cuba teach sport and physical education as a compulsory subject . There are five sports taught in all standard secondary schools : track and field , basketball , baseball , gymnastics , and volleyball . The students who excel at a certain sport usually find themselves competing in the Cuban summer Junior Olympics which is where the EIDE sees their talent and recruits them to a specialized school that caters to just their sport . Most of these specialized schools are located on the Isle of Youth . This is a 2,200 square kilometer island to the south of Cuba which has more than 27 of these schools , each having about 600 children who attend . The majority of them are semi-boarding schools where the students get on a boat to the island every Sunday evening and return every Friday evening . The schools are spread out across the island and have citrus groves in between them . Being consistent with the ideals of the Revolution , all of the students are required to put in 3 hours of work a day picking or canning fruit . Every school in Cuba participates in the Junior Olympic Program established in 1963 . However many of the standard secondary schools only compete in the sports for which they have teams , for instance most of them do not have pools . The competition usually commences in July . The games have a traditional ladder system where first local schools compete , then the district winners will compete and finally the regional winners will compete . However , for team sports , the winning teams will move on , but the best players from all of the losing teams will form a new team and also move on . This way no single great player will be tossed out because of a bad team . As of 1978 the Cuban Junior Olympics involved 20 sports : Chess , Weightlifting , Athletics , Tennis , Football , Table Tennis , Basketball , Modern Gymnastics , Gymnastics , Synchronized Swimming , Swimming , Diving , Volleyball , Water Polo , Cycling , Fencing , Judo , Roller derby , Roller hockey , Pistol Shooting , Baseball and Wrestling . INDER has many programs , including the National Institute for Sports Medicine , the National Coaches program , and the National Physical Education Institute . All of these were developed during the relatively strong economic period of 1960 -- 1990 . The Special Period of the 1990s -- 2000s created many special challenges for INDER , including budget cutbacks and a limited amount of electricity causing blackouts . In the early 1990s , many of the night sporting events were canceled to preserve electricity . Cuba 's new sports program also began to pay for itself when many of the best players were allowed to retire early and take up position on teams in other countries . These other countries wanted to hire them because of Cuba 's fantastic success in training winning athletes . These players would earn a large salary , and about 80 % of it would go directly to the Cuban government . The players would then pocket the other 20 % , which was more than what the average Cuban in Cuba was earning . It is worthy to note that Castro abolished professional sport in Cuba in the beginning of the Revolution . What this meant was that all leagues and teams are considered amateur . This concept was imbedded in the stated ideals of the revolution , that everyone should be equal . However this outflow of the best athletes and trainers began to take its toll . In 1997 Cuba ended its 10-year , 152-game , winning-streak at the baseball International Cup by losing to Japan 11 to 2 . To fix this problem , Cuba began to offer material incentives like houses and cars to the good players to keep them from playing for other countries . These offerings were n't to completely prevent talented Cuban 's from leaving the country instead they were there to keep the system balanced . By the year 2007 there were 50 nations around the world who employed several hundred Cuban sports trainers and coaches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb1a4e4ac625635a7a6eab95852665f1", "text": "Roosevelt Stadium Roosevelt Stadium was a baseball park at Droyer 's Point in Jersey City , New Jersey . It opened in April 1937 and hosted high-minor league baseball , 15 major league baseball games , plus championship boxing matches , top-name musical acts , an annual championship drum and bugle corps competition known as `` The Dream '' , important regional high school football and even soccer matches . It was demolished in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25f93f075e7d474006cc9c80586cd3ca", "text": "Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics At the 1900 Summer Olympics , twenty-three athletics events were contested . Altogether , 117 athletes from 15 nations competed . A total of 68 medals ( 23 gold , 23 silver , 22 bronze ) were awarded . In many countries , due in part to the conflation of the Olympic Games and the World 's Fair in Paris , the media discussed only the athletics events under the `` Olympic '' name while ignoring the incredible variety of other sports featured at the time . The 23 events listed are those currently considered to have been of Olympic stature by the International Olympic Committee and most Olympic historians . They exclude all events that used a handicap system , as well as all events which were open to professional athletes . Competitions were held on 14 July , 15 July , 16 July , 19 July , and 22 July . This included Bastille Day , which is a French holiday , and then Sunday , which many of the American athletes protested . Even with many Americans not competing in finals because of confusion caused by the organizers ' decision to count scores achieved on Monday , 16 July for finals held on Sunday , 15 July and subsequent rescission of that decision , the United States won more than 4 times as many medals as any other nation , including 16 of the 23 gold medals . The conditions of competition were also subpar compared even to those at the previous games in 1896 . There was no track for the Paris Games , as a grass field dotted with trees and of unequal elevation was used . The course was 500 metres in length , an unusual distance for a track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc406ae7046ec21f0875746f4d802816", "text": "Ted Meredith James Edwin `` Ted '' Meredith ( November 14 , 1891 -- November 2 , 1957 ) was an American athlete , winner of two gold medals at the 1912 Summer Olympics . Meredith made the 1912 Olympic team shortly after his graduation from Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades in 1911 , whilst he was a student at Mercersburg Academy under Scots-American coach Jimmy Curran . In Stockholm , he won a gold medal in the 800 m run with a world record 1:51.9 . He ran on to the 880 yard mark and also set a world record for that distance , with a 1:52.5 . He won another gold medal on the 4 × 400 m relay team , also taking fourth in the 400 metres competition . Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades now has the largest repository of Olympic great James `` Ted '' Meredith memorabilia in existence thanks to Jack Lemon , author of the book `` Immortal of the Cinder Path , The Saga of James ` Ted ' Meredith , '' who donated his entire collection of Meredith memorabilia recently . After Stockholm , Meredith entered the University of Pennsylvania . He was the IC4A 440 yards champion from 1914 to 1916 and the 880 yard champion in 1914 and 1915 . He also won the AAU 440 yard title in 1914 and 1915 . In 1916 , he set a world record in the 440 yards of 47.4 , which was n't broken until 1928 . At the same year he lowered his own world 880 yard record to 1:52.2 . Meredith retired from competition in 1917 and served in the army during World War I . He made a comeback for the 1920 Summer Olympics , where he was eliminated in the semifinal of the 400 metres competition and ran on the relay team that finished fourth in the 4 × 400 m relay event . After the second retiring from competition , he became a real estate broker , but retained an active interest in athletics . In 1924 he attended the Olympic Games in Paris as a reporter , working for the Christy Walsh Syndicate . In 1928 he was hired as an assistant coach at the University of Pennsylvania , under Lawson Robertson . In 1936 he attended the Olympic Games in Berlin as the coach of the Czechoslovakia team . During 1937 and 1938 he trained the Cuban team for the Central American Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01489e8a57e3cdfa09ad13e81e26060f", "text": "Richard Degener Richard Kempster Degener ( March 14 , 1912 -- August 24 , 1995 ) was an American diver who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1932 he won the bronze medal in the 3 metre springboard event . Described as the `` Fred Astaire of diving '' , Degener competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics with University of Michigan classmates , Eddie Tolan and James Cristy . Four years later he won the gold medal in the 3 metre springboard competition . In April , 1936 , Degener , along with many other sports champions and stand outs , was honored at a banquet in Detroit , MI . This Banquet was the first celebration of Champions Day . In July , 1936 , A plaque was presented to Detroit from the White House honoring Detroit as the City of Champions . The plaque has five `` medallions '' featuring athletes . Originally the plans called for these five athletes to be a baseball player , football player , hockey player , power boat racer , and a boxer . But Joe Louis was surprisingly knocked out in a boxing match just weeks before the plaque was to be presented . Planners changed the boxer to a diver , to represent Degener , at the last minute . Degener introduced the full layout in which his body seemed to soar , lazy-like and graceful in the air . This astonished the diving world and caused a buzz of admiration around the pool . `` If there is one thing I 've gotten out of sports , it 's that I learned to be intense and to do the job . '' Degener never lost a diving contest in college during the three years he represented Michigan from 1931 to 1934 as he took the Big Ten and National Collegiate championship . In AAU competition Dick was unbeaten for years as he won 14 national indoor and outdoor diving titles . He won four outdoor AAU Nationals in the high board representing the Detroit Athletic Club , and three NCAA titles for the University of Michigan . At the Indoor AAUs he won five straight three-meter springboard titles and two one-meter titles . Degener later turned pro with the Billy Rose Aquacade when it opened in Cleveland . In 1971 , Degener was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caeea08a2dafdf987ac5154815f80c1b", "text": "Dick Durrance Richard `` Dick '' Henry Durrance ( October 23 , 1914 -- June 13 , 2004 ) was a 17-time national championship alpine ski racer and one of the first Americans to compete successfully against Europeans . Durrance was born in Tarpon Springs , Florida , and moved with his family at age 13 in 1928 to Munich , Germany , where he learned to ski at nearby Garmisch-Partenkirchen . Durrance raced competitively in Germany and won the German Junior Alpine Championship in 1932 at age 17 . The following year , he learned the newly developed parallel turn from Anton Seelos . With the rise of Hitler , the family returned to the United States and he attended Dartmouth College in 1934 and won at Sestriere , Italy , the first American to dominate at a major European ski race . Durrance also won the U.S. men 's downhill , slalom , and combined events in 1937 and was named to the U.S. Olympic Team for the 1936 Winter Olympics , the first to include alpine skiing . The only medal event was the combined and Durrance finished tenth ; eleventh in the downhill portion and eighth in the slalom . He was a three-time winner of the Harriman Cup in Sun Valley , Idaho , then held in the Boulder Mountains north of the resort , and helped cut the original trails on its Bald Mountain in the summer of 1939 . Durrance was named to the 1940 Olympic team , but those games were cancelled due to World War II . In 1940 , he worked as publicity photographer for Sun Valley and married ski racer Margaret `` Miggs '' Jennings . In 1941 , the Durrances bought and operated the lodge and lifts at fledgling Alta in Utah , near Salt Lake City . After training paratroopers to ski for the U.S. Army at Alta , the Durrances were expecting their first child . They moved to Seattle , where Dick worked for Boeing on in-flight camera recording equipment as a Flight Test Engineer , a job that lasted until 1945 . The Durrances then moved to Colorado to work in Denver for Thor Groswold , then the nation 's premier ski maker , to design and test Groswold skis . At the same time , Durrance contracted with Denver 's Ernest Constam , inventor of the J-bar and the T-bar ski lifts , to sell his conveyances in the West . Durrance sold his first T-bar to Aspen , a resort just then emerging as the first postwar ski area of note in the Rockies . In 1947 , Durrance was hired to manage the Aspen Skiing Company . The struggling company was turned around by Durrance , who brought the 1950 World Championships to Aspen , the first held outside of Europe . It put Aspen on the map and it is now one of the most popular ski resorts in the United States . He also produced a number of ski films and devoted most of his life to the promotion of skiing . Durrance died of natural causes at age 89 on June 13 , 2004 , in Carbondale , Colorado , near Aspen . His wife Miggs died in November 2002 ; they were survived by their two sons , Dick , Jr. and Dave , and three grandchildren . In its 75th anniversary issue in 2011 , SKI magazine listed Durrance as the `` Skier of the Decade '' for the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a3f5c11a94bd36a288b68bc48b7335d", "text": "Sandy Duncan (athlete) Kenneth Sandilands `` Sandy '' Duncan OBE ( 26 April 1912 -- 18 June 2005 ) was an English athlete who competed in the 1934 British Empire Games and in the 1938 British Empire Games . He later became one of the most distinguished and sympathetic sports officials of his generation , as the long-serving general secretary of the British Olympic Association . For many years he was synonymous with the Olympic movement in Britain . Duncan was educated at Malvern College , where his ability at the long jump was quickly evident -- he won the London Athletic Club 's schools championships with a record leap of 22 ft 5in . His prowess earned him a Blue in his first year at Oxford University , and he also won the 100 yards against Cambridge , as well as getting a football Blue . In the AAA championships he came in the top six in the long jump every year from 1932 to 1937 , finishing second in 1934 . He represented Britain in 1935 and , in July 1936 , ran his fastest time of 9.8 seconds for the 100 yards , although a hamstring injury prevented him from being selected for the Olympics . In 1938 , he was sixth in both the shot and discus . At the 1934 Empire Games he finished fourth in the long jump event . At the 1938 British Empire Games , he was a member of the English relay team which won the silver medal in the 4 × 110 yards competition . In the long jump contest he finished tenth and in the 100 yards event he was eliminated in the heats . In indoor games , he won the British 70 metres dash in 1938 . During the war he served in the Royal Artillery and rose to the rank of Major . After the war Duncan taught at Bradfield and , having qualified as an AAA coach . His administrative career began in 1947 when he was made secretary of the Universities ' Athletic Union . This gave him the initial experience for his appointment , two years later , as general secretary at the British Olympic Association ( BOA ) , the organisation responsible for the United Kingdom 's participation in the Olympic Games . He held this post for 26 years , from 1949 to 1975 and served as chef de mission at 12 Olympics , summer and winter , from the 1952 Oslo and Helsinki games to Montreal in 1976 . He was also honorary secretary of the Commonwealth Games Federation , supervising celebrations from Vancouver 1954 to Brisbane in 1982 . He also served as secretary of the Achilles Club , for Oxford and Cambridge Blues , for 39 years . Although appointed OBE , he was probably better recognised outside Britain than in his own country . In 1952 , he was given the White Rose and Lion from Finland and the rare Olympic Award from the IOC in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed", "text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7f52f04a20c12870a35bc75a31c834", "text": "Competitive trail riding Competitive trail riding ( CTR ) is an equestrian sport where riders cover a marked trail for a distance that is usually between 15 and 40 miles per day . Some rides are only one day long , others may run as long as three days . One-day six-mile events have also become popular . The goal of the competition is to demonstrate partnership between horse and rider . Unlike in endurance riding , factors other than speed are considered . If the ride is timed , it is a form of pace race ; otherwise it is a judged trail ride . In a timed ride , horses may not come in under or over a certain time , and veterinary checks , rider behavior and other elements play a role in the placings . The horse is evaluated on performance , manners , and related criteria . `` Pulse and respiration '' stops check the horse 's recovery ability and conditioning . There are many different organizations which sanction competitive trail rides . Horsemanship may be considered at some competitions , depending on the sanctioning organization . Riders are evaluated on how they handle the trail , manage the horse , and present to the judges and veterinarians throughout the ride . Obstacles are also set up along the trail with the horse and rider graded on how well they perform as a team . Rides are often held on public lands , such as Forest Service or BLM lands in the United States , but are also held on private property . The terrain varies depending on the part of the country in which a competition is held , and lands available for the event . Unlike trail riding at a guest ranch , where inexperienced riders walk their horses most of the time and cover simple trails , riders who compete in competitive trail rides are asked to have their animals navigate a variety of terrain and use all gaits , especially the trot . Similar events exist around the world , though often with wide variations in rules and distances . In all cases , the most obvious difference between an endurance ride and a competitive trail ride is that the winner of an endurance ride is the first horse and rider team to cross the finish line and pass a vet check that deems the horse `` fit to continue , '' whereas competitive trail rides usually consider additional factors and penalize a horse and rider that finish in too little or too long of a time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0506093c43cd4b6a77e71ed5bd851", "text": "Adeline Robinson Adeline King Robinson ( 22 March 1865 -- 18 December 1943 ) was an American female tennis player who was active during the 1880s and 1890s . She was born in New York , the daughter of stockbroker Beverly Robinson and Eliza Gracie King . She was educated at private schools in New York City and in France . Robinson mainly played at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club and in New York tournaments . In September 1887 she won the doubles event at the New York Lawn Tennis Club open tournament with Miss Clark . In October she won the singles title at the Hastings-on-Hudson tournament after defeating Ellen Roosevelt in the final . Robinson competed in the women 's singles event at the 1888 National Championships , played in June at the Philadelphia Cricket Club . She defeated Augusta Roberts in the first round in straight sets and won her second round match against Ellen Roosevelt before losing in the semifinal to eventual champion Bertha Townsend after failing to convert a matchpoint . She was described by tennis champion Henry Slocum in 1889 as `` the most skillful exponent of lawn tennis to be found among the women of America . '' . After rheumatism cut short her tennis career Robinson took up golf and played for the Richmond County Country Club . She was the defending champion at the 1898 Harbor Hill Golf Club tournament and competed at the W.M.G.A. tournament in 1900 . In the late 1890s she began giving dancing lessons to children which she continued to do until about 1939 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f647cbe9a4879650575ec6d8314b884", "text": "Athletic trainer An athletic trainer is a certified and licensed health care professional who practices in the field of sports medicine . Athletic training has been recognized by the American Medical Association ( AMA ) as an allied health care profession since 1990 . As defined by the Strategic Implementation Team of the National Athletic Trainers ' Association ( NATA ) in August 2007 : `` Athletic training is practiced by athletic trainers , health care professionals who collaborate with physicians to optimize activity and quality of life for patients both of the physically active and sedentary population . Athletic training encompasses the prevention , diagnosis and intervention of emergency , acute and chronic medical conditions involving impairment , functional limitations and disabilities . '' To become an athletic trainer one must have a master 's degree from an accredited professional level education program and then sit for and pass the Board of Certification ( BOC ) examination . Each state then has their own regulatory agencies that control the practice of athletic training in their state . Most states ( 42 ) require an athletic trainer to obtain a license in order to practice in that state , 5 states ( Colorado , Hawaii , Minnesota , Oregon , West Virginia ) require registration , 2 states ( New York , South Carolina ) require certification , while California has no state regulations on the practice of athletic training . Areas of expertise of certified athletic trainers include : Apply protective or injury-preventive devices such as tape , bandages , and braces Recognize and evaluate injuries Provide first aid or emergency care Develop and carry out rehabilitation programs for injured athletes Plan and implement comprehensive programs to prevent injury and illness among athletes Perform administrative tasks such as keeping records and writing reports on injuries and treatment programs Services rendered by the athletic trainer take place in a wide variety of settings and venues , including actual athletic training facilities , primary schools , universities , inpatient and outpatient physical rehabilitation clinics , hospitals , physician offices , community centers , workplaces , and even the military . Emerging settings for athletic training include surgical fellowship opportunities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a194e0a133503abdaaba5933144750", "text": "Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia The Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia is a comprehensive project to publish , in one collection , the significant sayings , important conversations and writings ( less his letters ) of the 26th President of the United States , Theodore Roosevelt . Originally conceived by Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart , a history professor at Harvard University , a personal friend of Roosevelt and member of the Roosevelt Memorial Association , now known as the Theodore Roosevelt Association , Hart 's goal was , in his words , to `` present in alphabetical arrangement , extracts sufficiently numerous and comprehensive to display all the phases of ( Theodore ) Roosevelt 's activities and opinions as expressed by him . '' A primitive on-line version of the original work is also maintained by the TRA . Online but quite primitive version of the Cyclopedia at the Theodore Roosevelt Association web site with no look-up features", "title": "" } ]
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Lana Del Rey released the album Born to Die on April 18, 2012.
[ { "docid": "8fbb74cda1e7d3405a742d8e2de9918e", "text": "Lana Del Rey Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , better known by her stage name Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter , and model . Her music has been noted for its cinematic style , its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance and melancholia , and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born and raised in New York , Del Rey embarked on a music career in 2005 and first received widespread attention in 2011 , when the music video for her single `` Video Games '' became a viral internet sensation . Del Rey received further recognition after her major-label debut Born to Die peaked at number two on the United States charts and was the fifth best-selling album of 2012 . A remix of its single `` Summertime Sadness '' , produced by Cedric Gervais , peaked at number six in the United States , and the Paradise EP followed that November , garnering Del Rey her first Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album . Three of the EP 's tracks were featured in her short film Tropico , which premiered in December 2013 . In 2014 , Del Rey released her third studio album , Ultraviolence ; it became her first number-one album in the United States . In 2015 , following a North American tour with Courtney Love and Grimes , Del Rey released her fourth studio album , Honeymoon . Both albums received positive critical response . Del Rey is set to release her fifth studio album , titled Lust for Life , on July 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b85e5e535df1e04c710a447ce2233eb7", "text": "Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 . The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics . It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c58a850aa4509be891a66dfb09a0a2fd", "text": "Born Free (Kid Rock album) Born Free is American artist Kid Rock 's eighth studio album . It released on November 16 , 2010 with the title track being its lead single . The album is a rock and roll collaboration produced by Rick Rubin featuring several high profile artists such as T.I. , Sheryl Crow , and Bob Seger . This is Kid Rock 's first album not to feature a Parental Advisory sticker and his first all-country album . Kid Rock described it as `` very organic blues-based rock and roll '' . Cable network TBS used the title track , `` Born Free '' , for its coverage of the 2010 Major League Baseball postseason . It was announced on June 16 , 2011 that Born Free was certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipments in excess of one million copies . This gives Kid Rock his sixth Platinum album certification in the US . A Michigan only promotion was released with the album . It was a 4-song EP called `` Racing Father Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f2117acb3b7583ad50f2de2ea83a45f", "text": "18... 18 ... is the debut album by Chinese Singer-songwriter G.E.M. released October 2009 on Forward Music Co , Ltd. . The album contains 12 songs and consists the genres of Cantopop , Mandopop , R&B , soul and rock ballad . 18 ... was simultaneously released with the limited edition , 18 Plus , on 27 October 2009 . The 18 USB was initially released for G.E.M. 's 18 Live Concert on 11 November 2009 , however , it was later put on general sale . Due to the popularity of the album , it was republished as the 18 ... ( 3rd Edition ) , it also includes bonus track `` Smoking , Drinking & Swearing '' , Jan Lamb featuring G.E.M. , was added to the disc . Prior to the Taiwanese market , 18 ... ( Taiwanese Edition ) was released on 5 April 2010 , this edition was added three Mandarin tracks ( one is new recorded ' 寫不出的溫柔 ' and other two are previously tracks from her self-titled EP ) . It was also released with a limited edition version , however , this album has a reordered track list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a0ef846d89f19f2c5aec81d5ccd09d3", "text": "And When I Die `` And When I Die '' is a song written by American singer Laura Nyro . It was first recorded by American folk group Peter , Paul and Mary in 1966 . Nyro then recorded it on her 1967 debut album More Than a New Discovery . However , the song is probably best known for its third version by American rock group Blood , Sweat & Tears , which reached number 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and became a Gold record . The song gives a positive outlook about death , stating , in the chorus , `` And when I die/and when I 'm gone/there 'll be one child born and a world/to carry on/to carry on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876eb5f535ebff2b262a215a20d8a9f6", "text": "Secrets of Astrology Secrets of Astrology , released in 2000 , is the fifth album , but the fourth studio recorded album , by symphonic rock vocalist , Lana Lane . Though this album is Lane 's fifth album release in the US , it is her eighth in Japan . The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman . Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London . The album contains 13 songs , whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track . In the North American and Japanese releases of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Romeo and Juliet '' , a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album . In the European release of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Rhapsody '' , a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album , Queen of the Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f8428b85d8cf992355b40ea6edf532b", "text": "Album Title Goes Here > Album Title Goes Here < ( stylized as > album title goes here < ) is the sixth studio album by the Canadian record producer and DJ deadmau5 , released on 21 September 2012 by his vanity record label mau5trap Recordings and Ultra Records in the United States and Canada and by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom . The album is considered to be more experimental than deadmau5 's previous albums , and he stated in an interview with Fuse that he had been considering producing music similar to his debut album Get Scraped ( 2005 ) again . It is the last studio album by deadmau5 to be released by Ultra Records , as well as his only album to be released by Parlophone . Album Title Goes Here spawned five singles : `` Maths '' , `` The Veldt '' , `` Professional Griefers '' , `` Channel 42 '' and `` Telemiscommunications '' . The album received a nomination for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 55th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed3e5cd989ca68df6950ca0c764e515", "text": "Yuna (singer) Yunalis Mat Zara'ai , professionally known as Yuna , is a Malaysian singer-songwriter and businesswoman . Born and raised in Kedah and Selangor , she began writing songs at age 14 . She soon taught herself to play guitar , and by 2006 , in need of a creative outlet while attending law school , performed for an audience for the first time . Yuna offered her music on her MySpace page , which received over one million plays . This online success tipped off the Indie-Pop label/management company to her music , and in early 2011 she signed with the Fader label . Joined by guitarist Pa'an , bassist Efry Arwis , and drummer Adib Azfar ( and later , Adil Ali ) , Yuna made her recorded debut album in Malaysia in 2008 with a self-titled EP , which went on to snag five Malaysian Music Awards nominations ( the Malaysian equivalent of the Grammy ) . She took home four trophies , including Best New Artist and Best Song ( for the breakout hit `` Dan Sebenarnya '' ) . The Decorate ( EP ) followed two years later ( and was released stateside in spring 2011 ) . Decorate included the viral hit `` Rocket , '' which won raves from Billboard magazine , indie rock radio station KEXP , and hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons , as well as ink in SPIN 's Eight Bands You Need to Hear Now . On the performance end , Yuna was nominated as one of MTV Iggy 's Best New Bands in the World in 2011 , and she marked the occasion by playing at the historic MTV Studios . A new single , `` Live Your Life '' ( 2012 ) , produced by Pharrell Williams , was a preamble to her self-titled full-length debut , which arrived that April . That summer , Yuna appeared at Lollapalooza . In 2013 , Yuna returned with the album Nocturnal , featuring the single `` Falling . '' In February 2016 , Yuna previewed her third album with the release of `` Places to Go , '' a single produced by hip-hop legend DJ Premier . The full album , Chapters , was released three months later . In December 2016 , her album Chapters broke into the Top 10 of the Billboard Best R&B Albums Of 2016 : Critic 's Pick . Chapters ranked at No. 7 out of 10 best R&B albums of the year . Yuna received an award for the Most Successful Malaysian Singer from The Malaysia Books Of Record . Chapters was also nominated in the Top 20 Best R&B Albums Of 2016 by the Rolling Stone magazine . Yuna got invited as special guest to perform on stage in 2016 Soul Train Music Awards ( US ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93d31b0f44b1d1ff6e4c4ba513114839", "text": "The Endless Summer Tour The Endless Summer Tour was the third headlining concert tour by American recording artist Lana Del Rey in support of her third studio album , Ultraviolence ( 2014 ) . The tour began on May 7 , 2015 in The Woodlands , Texas and concluded on June 16 , 2015 in West Palm Beach , Florida finishing with a total of twenty shows over the span of two months . The first seven shows of the tour were supported by fellow alternative rock singer Courtney Love , while the majority of the remaining tour dates were supported by synthpop singer and producer , Grimes . Most of the tour dates were sold out instantly . Lana Del Rey performed songs from Born to Die , Paradise , and Ultraviolence , in addition to some previously unreleased songs , and covers . At the end of 2015 , the tour placed at number 156 on Pollstar 's `` 2015 Year-End Top 200 North American Tours '' list , grossing $ 6 million from 16 shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd5ec0ffa68e1d90a5b7dc50fe416b6", "text": "Long Live ASAP `` Long Live ASAP '' ( stylized as Long Live A$ AP ) is a song by American hip hop recording artist ASAP Rocky . It was released on December 18 , 2012 as the first promotional single from his debut album Long.Live.ASAP . The song was produced by both Jim Jonsin and Rico Love , with co-production from Finatik & Zac , Frank Romano and ASAP Rocky himself , under the pseudonym LORD FLACKO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f173416a337caaef8aafc46af6c6cd58", "text": "La Cantiga del Fuego La Cantiga del Fuego is the third studio album by Ana Alcaide , released in November 12 , 2012 and sung in both Spanish and Judeo-Spanish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5848bd326c3d78ebdc91cd5a81b02472", "text": "When I Die (Motherlode song) `` When I Die '' is a 1969 hit single by Motherlode . It is the title track of their debut LP and was their only charting single . In the US , the song reached number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 12 on the Cash Box Top 100 . `` When I Die '' was a major hit in Canada , reaching number one in the fall of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff44ca6a4a89a11e77d02c978f43fd36", "text": "To Live and Die in CA To Live and Die in CA is the second compilation album by rapper Daz Dillinger . It was released on October 1 , 2002 through D.P.G. Recordz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d34efd5723c130cd8350dae2e6c85df", "text": "Evolution (Blood on the Dance Floor album) Evolution is the fifth studio album by US electronica duo Blood on the Dance Floor , released internationally on June 19 , 2012 . It is their first release to appear on the US Billboard 200 , and is their best-selling effort to date , peaking at No. 42 on the Billboard Albums Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d2cd0094c0e420b6835457c53a9b41", "text": "Cola (song) `` Cola '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey , taken from her third extended play , Paradise ( 2012 ) , and the reissue of her debut studio album , Born to Die : The Paradise Edition ( 2012 ) . `` Cola '' first appeared in a teaser trailer posted to her official YouTube account as a snippet . The lyrics were considered controversial , causing major media outlets to respond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a5f808a0a5c81274cd70e926e685821", "text": "Crown Royal (album) Crown Royal is the seventh and final album from hip hop pioneers Run -- D.M.C. , released on April 13 , 2001 . It was released about 18 months before the murder of Jam-Master Jay . All songs but the title track featured guest artists , including Fred Durst , Stephan Jenkins and Sugar Ray , Everlast , Kid Rock , Nas , Prodigy and Method Man . It is the first and only Run -- D.M.C. album with a Parental Advisory label , though previous Run-D.M.C albums , such the 1986 Raising Hell , had included explicit lyrics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0052ed535b7f9b37953f1003e82bb8a", "text": "Carpe Diem (Karyn White album) Carpe Diem is Karyn White 's fourth album . It was released in 2012 , with the lead single being `` Sista Sista '' . It also featured a cover of Cyndi Lauper 's number-one hit song `` True Colors '' . It is her first album in seventeen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7924fc2cb2fa6729f29ed783c536a446", "text": "Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder . Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues . Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f672f4bfe40a8cfdf839e681940c6f9", "text": "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play ( EP ) by New Zealand singer Lorde . At the age of 12 , she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan , and began writing songs . In December 2011 , MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little , and within three weeks , the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP . In November 2012 , Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud . On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records . An indie rock-influenced electronica album , The Love Club EP was well received by music critics , who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira , Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey . The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia , and was certified platinum and septuple platinum in those two countries respectively . In the US , the record charted at number twenty-three on the Billboard 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013 . To promote The Love Club EP , Lorde performed during various concerts , and `` Royals '' was released as a single .", "title": "" } ]
fever
3531073d7a661a64f02aeebdb970901e
Try is on an artist's album.
[ { "docid": "181d46aedf5ba65c2947c0b366224e93", "text": "Try (Pink song) `` Try '' is a song recorded by American singer Pink , which she released as the second single from her sixth album , The Truth About Love ( 2012 ) . Written and composed by Busbee and Ben West , and produced by Greg Kurstin , it is a pop rock ballad about taking risks with love , no matter what consequences may result . `` Try '' received positive reviews from music critics who noted that it is one of the standout tracks on the album and called it a hit . Commercially , the song was a success , reaching number one in Spain and the top-10 in Australia , Austria , Canada , Germany , Italy , New Zealand , Poland , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States , while reaching the top-20 in most countries . The Floria Sigismondi-directed video features shots of a paint-covered Pink and her male counterpart expressing their frustrations through contemporary dance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "418c1ff44bcfb5f8bc23a411ad08c07c", "text": "Pink (singer) Alecia Beth Moore ( born September 8 , 1979 ) , known professionally as Pink ( frequently stylized as ) , is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actress . She was signed to her first record label with original R&B girl group Choice in 1995 . The label , LaFace Records saw potential in only Pink , offering her a solo deal . Choice disbanded in 1998 . Pink rose as an artist with her debut solo album , Ca n't Take Me Home ( 2000 ) . It was certified double-platinum in the United States and spawned two Billboard Hot 100 top-ten hits : `` There You Go '' and `` Most Girls '' . She gained further recognition with the Moulin Rouge ! soundtrack `` Lady Marmalade '' , which gave Pink her first Grammy Award as well as her first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 . Pink took control in early 2001 insisting she wanted to work with her childhood hero , Linda Perry . Pink took more artistic control and pursued a pop rock direction for her second album , Missundaztood ( 2001 ) . It sold more than 15 million copies worldwide and yielded three United States top-ten singles , `` Get the Party Started '' , `` Do n't Let Me Get Me '' , and `` Just Like a Pill '' . Pink 's third album , Try This ( 2003 ) , generated considerably lower sales , but earned her the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance . Pink revived her popularity with her fourth and fifth studio albums , I 'm Not Dead ( 2006 ) and Funhouse ( 2008 ) , with the latter containing her second United States number-one hit , `` So What '' . Pink concluded the first decade of her career with the compilation album Greatest Hits ... So Far !! ( 2010 ) , which featured `` Fuckin ' Perfect '' and the chart-topping single `` Raise Your Glass '' . Her sixth studio album , The Truth About Love ( 2012 ) , debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and spawned the top-ten singles `` Blow Me ( One Last Kiss ) '' , `` Try '' , and `` Just Give Me a Reason '' , with the latter becoming her fourth United States number-one single . In 2014 Pink recorded a collaborative album , Rose Ave. , with Canadian musician Dallas Green under a folk music duo named You + Me . Recognized for her strong signature vocals and acrobatic performances , Pink has sold over 47 million albums worldwide , including over 16 million albums in the United States . Her career accolades include three Grammy Awards , a Brit Award , a Daytime Emmy Award and six MTV Video Music Awards . In 2009 , Billboard named Pink the Pop Songs Artist of the Decade . Pink was also the second most-played female solo artist in the United Kingdom during the 2000s decade , behind Madonna . VH1 ranked her number 10 on their list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music , while Billboard awarded her the Woman of the Year award in 2013 . At the 63rd annual BMI Pop Awards , she received the BMI President 's Award for `` her outstanding achievement in songwriting and global impact on pop culture and the entertainment industry . ''", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "bb40495749357e2f864a5bfd0de67f42", "text": "Interview (album) Interview ( stylized ĭn ′ terview ) is the eighth album by British progressive rock band Gentle Giant which was released in 1976 . A concept album , it is a unique concept in the canon of Gentle Giant work in that it is conceived as a radio interview . Three of the tracks integrate brief `` interview '' sections which were staged in the studio . The title song has lyrics derived from the type of question and answer dialogue they had encountered while talking to the music press . This album was less successful with critics and in the charts than their previous albums . The album was mixed in quadraphonic sound by the band in 1976 but the 4-channel mix was not released until 2012 when it finally appeared in DVD-Audio format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b16f321cd4f37ffc1b6d97117db31f25", "text": "Anthology (Rough Cutt album) Anthology is a collection of previously unreleased Rough Cutt material . The Fiddler 's Studio Sessions were recorded before the band 's first album was recorded . An earlier version of `` Try a Little Harder '' , with Craig Goldy on guitar , was released on the KLOS 95 1/2 : Rock to Riches compilation in 1983 . The song `` Prowler '' was re-recorded for inclusion on Rough Cutt Live as one of 3 studio bonus tracks . `` Dreamin ' Again '' , `` Try a Little Harder '' , `` Crank It Up '' and `` Street Gang Livin ' '' were all performed live on the ` Rock Palace ' TV show , taped on January 1 , 1984 at the Hollywood Palace , now the Avalon Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db873682b4ea7258f5cf20df80a3c2e7", "text": "Try Anything Once Try Anything Once is the first solo album created by Alan Parsons following the split of The Alan Parsons Project . This album features vocals by Ambrosia 's David Pack , Jacqui Copland , Former Mindbender and 10cc guitarist Eric Stewart , and Manfred Mann 's Earth Band frontman Chris Thompson . The album takes a different turn from the previously ethereal Project albums , and seems to continue the directional development that started with Stereotomy and Gaudi , combining rock elements ( `` Back Against The Wall '' & `` Breakaway '' ) and mood-oriented beats ( `` Turn It Up '' & `` I 'm Talking To You '' ) , while still retaining certain elements of the classic Project albums that are unique ( `` Mr Time '' , `` Wine From The Water '' , the instrumentals ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d9a923b8472fe8b2ae4ac87ead825e3", "text": "Make It Last Forever (album) Make It Last Forever is the debut album of American R&B recording artist Keith Sweat . It was recorded at INS Recording and Power Play Studios in New York City . Released on November 24 , 1987 , the album went to # 1 on the Top R&B Albums chart for three weeks ( and topped the Billboard Year-End R&B chart for 1988 ) , and # 5 on the Billboard 200 . Make It Last Forever was one of the earliest R&B albums to showcase the up-and-coming new jack swing sound , as it was mostly produced by Sweat himself and music producer Teddy Riley . The album 's biggest hit was `` I Want Her '' , a # 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 and the first # 1 R&B hit for Sweat . The title track ( a duet with Jacci McGhee ) followed `` I Want Her '' , making the # 2 R&B spot , while `` Do n't Stop Your Love '' and `` Something Just Ai n't Right '' were also major top ten hits on the Billboard R&B charts . In addition , album tracks such as `` Right and a Wrong Way '' and `` How Deep is Your Love '' received substantial radio airplay and can still be heard on quiet storm format stations . On April 6 , 1994 , Make It Last Forever was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America , for shipments of three million copies in the United States . The single `` I Want Her '' was certified gold by the RIAA on June 13 , 1989 , for shipments of 500,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9484e40d91d550426931a2e4cb8a83f", "text": "Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood . It was released in the United States on November 3 , 2009 , through Arista Nashville . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies , which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release . It is her second album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 , and her third to debut atop the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . As of October 2016 , the album has been certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA , Platinum by the CRIA and Gold by the ARIA . Play On has since sold over three million copies worldwide . The album spawned three consecutive Billboard Hot Country Songs number one singles -- `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' and `` Undo It '' , all of which certified Multi-Platinum or Platinum by the RIAA . The fourth single , `` Mama 's Song '' , reached number two on the chart and received a Gold certification from the RIAA . `` Cowboy Casanova '' achieved one of the biggest single-week upwards on the Billboard Hot 100 of all time , when it climbed 96-11 in its second week . `` Temporary Home '' and `` Mama 's Song '' were both nominated for Grammy Awards , while Play On was nominated for Album of the Year at both the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards , and won Favorite Country Album at the 2010 American Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06c69074925f86d4ec3639914e507bda", "text": "Put Your Records On `` Put Your Records On '' is a song by English soul singer -- songwriter Corinne Bailey Rae from her debut album , Corinne Bailey Rae ( 2006 ) . Written by Rae , John Beck , and Steve Chrisanthou , it was released as the album 's second single in February and early March 2006 throughout Europe and as the lead single in North America . `` Put Your Records On '' was a commercial success , topping the UK R&B Chart and charting at number two on UK Singles Chart . The song has since become a major worldwide hit , reaching the Top 70 in the United States . It was nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the 2007 Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "173a12f99ea1b5a4efa9fcbb7fee8971", "text": "True (Avicii album) True is the debut studio album by Swedish DJ Avicii . It was released on 13 September 2013 through PRMD Music , Lava Records and Sony Music Entertainment 's Columbia Records . True features collaborations with Nile Rodgers and Adam Lambert , Audra Mae , Salem Al Fakir , Aloe Blacc and Mike Einziger Avicii said that sonically , the album would move away from his electronic dance and house music sound on previous records , by incorporating elements of other genres such as country music . True was preceded by the release of the Blacc-assisted and Aileen Marie Quinn-written `` Wake Me Up ! '' that featured a Marantz Enhanced Digital Stereo audio track and topped several charts around the world , and `` You Make Me '' , which features vocals from Swedish artist Salem Al Fakir . The album has been commercially successful , peaking within the top ten of at least ten countries . True debuted at number two in the United Kingdom during September 2013 , and has subsequently re-peaked at number two in February 2014 . On 24 March 2014 , Avicii released a remixed version of the album , titled True ( Avicii by Avicii ) . A 2-disc edition , comprising the standard 10-track `` True '' alongside the remix album was released featuring a brand new cover , in June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d569b114e2b3a28b34b67cb47b85d83a", "text": "Try (disambiguation) A try is a way of scoring points in rugby league and rugby union . Try may also refer to : Conversion ( gridiron football ) , a way of scoring points in American and Canadian football Boiling fat , such as in a whaling operation , to produce oil TRY , the ISO 4217 code for the Turkish lira", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e0d91fd1b5d4aa6d659f8c74debee6f", "text": "Az Yet (album) Az Yet is the debut album by American R&B recording group Az Yet , released in 1996 . The album spawned two charting singles including the lead single `` Last Night '' and the cover of the Chicago song , `` Hard to Say I 'm Sorry '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d70565867ba8c80ccb41cc0615621c8c", "text": "See (album) See is the sixth studio album by rock band The Rascals , released in December 1969 . It peaked at number 45 on the Billboard 200 . Three singles were released from the album although the third one was `` I Believe '' ( which was from Search and Nearness ) b/w `` Hold On '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83ad9c19b66ee6698f966bf4bab0e64b", "text": "Stand! Stand ! is a 1969 album by soul/funk band Sly and the Family Stone . Written and produced by lead singer and multi-instrumentalist Sly Stone , Stand ! is considered an artistic high-point of the band 's career . Released on May 3 by Epic Records , just before the group 's celebrated performance at the Woodstock festival , it was the band 's fourth album , and most commercially successful to date . It includes several well-known songs , among them hit singles , such as `` Sing a Simple Song '' , `` I Want to Take You Higher '' , `` Stand ! '' , and `` Everyday People '' . It was published in US as an LP record with gatefold cover , and was reissued in 1990 on vinyl and CD and in 2007 as a remastered numbered edition digipack CD with bonus tracks and , in the UK , only as a CD with bonus tracks . 500,000 copies of the album were sold in the year of its release : it was certified gold in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America on December 4 , 1969 , went on to sell over three million copies and became one of the most successful albums of the 1960s . By 1986 it had sold well over 1 million copies and was certified platinum in sales by the RIAA on November 26 of that same year . In 2003 the album was ranked number 118 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time . In 2015 , the album was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for inclusion in the National Recording Registry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28cb8fe3bea224a791e27589e58fe550", "text": "Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions . Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction . Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f94ea632ed770985d4a92416191708", "text": "Clichés (album) Clichés is the fourth solo album to be released by the American pop-rock musician Alex Chilton . It was recorded and released in 1993 . Chilton recorded the album in New Orleans at Chez Flames , the studio of producer and recording engineer Keith Keller , who also wrote the song `` Lies '' , featured on Chilton 's album A Man Called Destruction . In January , 1992 , Chilton was one of eight singer-songwriters ( the others being Townes Van Zandt , Guy Clark , Eric Andersen , David Olney , Pat Mears , Paul K & Tom Pacheco ) who participated in a short tour of the Netherlands where each artist performed solo . For this series of concerts , Chilton performed much of the music that later became the album Clichés . He explained how the album came about to journalist Keith Spera in 1995 : It was something I really had n't done too much , but I sort of enjoy doing it . When I was putting together my repertoire for that , it seemed to me that the best thing I could do was to play these kind of jazzy things . Trying to be like a folk singer or sing country blues did n't feel as right as doing this kind of jazzy thing . So maybe a year later , the woman who had booked the tour over there was working with some record companies over there , and called me up and said she wanted me to make a solo record for this label she was working with . I thought about it for a couple of days , and thought about all of those tunes , and thought , `` Yeah , I can flesh that into an album . '' I ended up making it for this French company instead , New Rose , and then licensed it to Ardent after they had heard it and really dug it . It was proposed to me , and there was some money involved , and I said , `` Well , I can use that money , and I think I can do a good record . '' So that 's how it came about ... -LSB- Engineer and studio owner -RSB- Keith -LSB- Keller -RSB- was really kind of great about doing the record . I went in there thinking I was going to do it in one evening . But it 's so much harder to play on acoustic guitar than it is on electric . I was n't really in fighting form for that at all . I got in there , and after 45 minutes my hands were so fuckin ' sore , I could not go any further . He bore with me -- we probably did 14 recording sessions to get 12 songs . He hung in there with me about it . I 'm probably exaggerating about that , but it certainly was n't one evening like I envisioned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5a93887e1bd7dd41a41bc76e38f43d9", "text": "One More Try (Brighton Rock song) `` One More Try '' is a hit single , released in 1988 by Canadian band Brighton Rock . The song appears on their 1988 album Take a Deep Breath . `` One More Try '' is Brighton Rock 's most successful single , with heavy airplay on Canadian radio and a chart position of # 38 in Canadian charts . The song was also ranked # 16 on `` Top 25 Cancon singles of ' 88 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa5b91eda0ef08f4d73cc096e9b17446", "text": "Risky (album) Risky is the fourth studio album by the Japanese rock duo B ` z. `` Risky '' sold 314,770 copies in its first week and 1,695,900 copies in total . It is the band 's first studio album to break the million mark . Risky was also the first of two collaborations with engineer Jason Corsaro , who has also worked with artists such as Duran Duran , The Power Station and Madonna . The album spawned two singles , `` Easy Come , Easy Go ! '' and `` Itoshii Hitoyo Good Night ... . '' The album also produced the band 's first ( and , to date , only ) official music video collection , Film Risky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b967d9fb6c50dd26ff93b0bbcaffe26", "text": "Purple (album) Purple is the second studio album by the American rock band Stone Temple Pilots , released on June 7 , 1994 by Atlantic Records . The album , building off the foundations laid by the band 's debut album Core , was a huge success for the band , debuting at # 1 on the Billboard 200 chart and remaining there for three weeks , eventually selling over six million copies . It spawned a number of successful singles -- `` Vasoline '' and `` Interstate Love Song '' both topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and hit number 2 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart , while `` Big Empty '' also cracked the top ten on both charts . Lesser known album cuts `` Pretty Penny '' and `` Unglued '' were also released as promotional radio singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "671f4b108f4ba135cf9480e84534d2f5", "text": "Nothing Gold Can Stay (album) Nothing Gold Can Stay is the debut studio album by American rock band New Found Glory , released on October 19 , 1999 through independent record label Eulogy Recordings . At the time , the band was then named `` A New Found Glory '' , but later dropped the indefinite article `` A '' due to some fans struggling to find their records in stores . The original pressings of the album contained samplings from several films including The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Weird Science ( 1985 ) , and That Thing You Do ! ( 1996 ) , as well as Robert Frost 's poem `` Nothing Gold Can Stay '' , after which the album is named . On the strength of the release , Richard Reines , co-founder of Drive-Thru Records , signed the band after paying Eulogy a $ 5,000 license fee in order to re-release the album . Propelled by debut single `` Hit or Miss '' , Nothing Gold Can Stay garnered a cult following and sold in excess of 300,000 copies . The record was responsible for breaking the band in the United States and has been noted for its influence on contemporary pop punk music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02aa06aacabebed3b97a6b6fb2eabf21", "text": "Mama Tried Mama Tried may refer to : Mama Tried ( album ) , a 1968 album by Merle Haggard `` Mama Tried ( song ) '' , title song from the album `` Mama Tried '' , a song by Quasi from their 2003 album Hot Shit !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a35554179d7b356e1885a127cf749370", "text": "TP (Teddy Pendergrass album) TP is the fourth album by R&B singer Teddy Pendergrass . It reached No. 14 on the US pop albums chart and No. 3 on the US R&B albums chart . It spawned the top ten singles , `` Ca n't We Try '' , which was also featured in the soundtrack to the film Roadie , and `` Love T.K.O. '' . It 's also his only album while at Philadelphia International Records without any input from label founders Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff .", "title": "" } ]
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f934d289b859e5a673ca2d913ac7f51c
Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in Tirupati hosts 18.25 million visitors per year.
[ { "docid": "76676bb91ade99035befa4d57417c7fb", "text": "Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh ( -LSB- , ahndr@_pr@'dEsh -RSB- ) is one of the 29 states of India , situated on the southeastern coast of the country . The state is the eighth largest state in India covering an area of 162307 km2 . As per 2011 Census of India , the state is tenth largest by population with 49,386,799 inhabitants . On 2 June 2014 , the north-western portion of the state was bifurcated to form a new state of Telangana . Andhra Pradesh 's longtime capital , Hyderabad , was transferred to Telangana as part of the division . However , in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , Hyderabad will remain the de jure capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding 10 years . The new riverfront proposed capital in Guntur district is Amaravati , which is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA . The Gross State Domestic Product ( GSDP ) of the state in the 2016 -- 2017 financial year at current prices stood at . The state has a coastline of 974 km with jurisdiction over nearly 15,000 km2 territorial waters , the second longest among all the states of India after Gujarat . It is bordered by Telangana in the north-west , Chhattisgarh in the north , Odisha in the north-east , Karnataka in the west , Tamil Nadu in the south and the water body of Bay of Bengal in the east . A small enclave of 30 km2 of Yanam , a district of Puducherry , lies south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta to the east of the state . Andhra Pradesh is composed of two regions : Coastal Andhra , located along the Bay of Bengal , and Rayalaseema , in the inland southwestern part of the state . These two regions comprise 13 districts , with 9 in Coastal Andhra and 4 in Rayalaseema . Visakhapatnam , located on the Bay of Bengal in North Coastal Andhra is the largest city and commercial hub of the state with a GDP of $ 26 billion , followed in population and GDP by Vijayawada , which is located on the Krishna River and which has a GDP of $ 3 billion as of 2010 . Andhra Pradesh hosted 121.8 million visitors in 2015 , a 30 % growth in tourist arrivals over the previous year . The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in Tirupati is one of the world 's most visited religious sites , with 18.25 million visitors per year . Other pilgrimage centers in Andhra Pradesh include the Ameen Peer Dargah in Kadapa , the Mahachaitya at Amaravathi , and the Kanaka Durga Temple in Vijayawada , while the state 's natural attractions include the beaches of Visakhapatnam , hill stations such as the Araku Valley and Horsley Hills , and the island of Konaseema in the Godavari River delta .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "442d3f36980f1d8c37bbce46d7c7d301", "text": "Puducherry Puducherry ( -LSB- pᵿdᵿˈtʃɛri -RSB- literally New Town in Tamil ) , formerly known as Pondicherry ( -LSB- pɒndᵻˈtʃɛri -RSB- ) , is a union territory of India . It was formed out of four exclaves of former French India , namely Pondichéry ( Pondicherry ; now Puducherry ) , Karikal ( Karaikal ) , Mahé and Yanaon ( Yanam ) . It is named after the largest district , Puducherry . Historically known as Pondicherry ( Pāṇṭiccēri ) , the territory changed its official name to Puducherry ( Putuccēri ) on 20 September 2006 . Puducherry lies in the southern part of the Indian Peninsula . The areas of Puducherry district and Karaikal district are bound by the state of Tamil Nadu , while Yanam district and Mahé district are enclosed by the states of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively . Puducherry is the 29th most populous and the third most densely populated state/union territory in India . It has a GDP of and ranks 27th in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec68fc842339ea811c1efbef29a9f282", "text": "Velampalayam Velampalayam is a third grade municipality in Tiruppur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . As of 2011 , the town had a population of 87,427 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f9957eb6eccebdafcc53c0bfa4bb4fe", "text": "Thottiyam Thottiyam is a panchayat town in Tiruchirappalli district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Thamilselvi Thirugnanam is the current President of Thottiyam . It is situated 60 km north-west of Tiruchirapalli on Tiruchy-Namakkal State Highway ( SH-25 ) and further it connects Namakkal-Salem-Bangalore National Highway ( NH 7 ) . It is located near the Kaveri River , about 12 km north-west of Musiri.The name of the town is said to derive from the large number of Thottiya Nayakar caste peoples living there . Koranganatha Temple located in the outskirts of the town is a historic temple built during the Chola period in the 10th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616762acc57d4145284dfdb37fc1b022", "text": "Demographics of Sri Lanka This article is about the demographic features of the population of Sri Lanka , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population . Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean also called Ceylon and many other names . It is about the size of Ireland . It is about 28 kilometres ( 18 mi . ) off the south-eastern coast of India with a population of about 20 million . Density is highest in the south west where Colombo , the country 's main port and industrial center , is located . The net population growth is about 0.7 % . Sri Lanka is ethnically , linguistically , and religiously diverse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "641f6a6b7b2e9c92f27ddc2965440693", "text": "Madurai Madurai is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District . Madurai is the third largest city by population in Tamil Nadu , and is the 25th populated city in India . Located on the banks of River Vaigai , Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia . Madurai has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister Narendra Modi 's flagship Smart Cities Mission . Madurai is closely associated with the Tamil language , and the third Tamil Sangam , a major congregation of Tamil scholars said to have been held in the city . The recorded history of the city goes back to the 3rd century BCE , being mentioned by Megasthenes , the Greek ambassador to the Maurya empire , and Kautilya , a minister of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya . Signs of human settlements and Roman trade links dating back to 300BC are evident from excavations by Archeological Survey of India in Manalur . The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled , at different times , by the Pandyas , Cholas , Madurai Sultanate , Vijayanagar Empire , Madurai Nayaks , Carnatic kingdom , and the British . The city has a number of historical monuments , with the Meenakshi Amman Temple and Tirumalai Nayak Palace being the most prominent . Madurai is an important industrial and educational hub in South Tamil Nadu . The city is home to various automobile , rubber , chemical and granite manufacturing industries . It has developed as a second-tier city for information technology ( IT ) , and some software companies have opened offices in Madurai . Madurai has important government educational institutes like the Madurai Medical College , Homeopathic Medical College , Madurai Law College , Agricultural College and Research Institute . Madurai city is administered by a municipal corporation established in 1971 as per the Municipal Corporation Act . Madurai is the second corporation in Tamil Nadu next to Chennai corporation . The city covers an area of 147.97 km2 and had a population of 1,017,865 in 2011 . The city is also the seat of a bench of the Madras High Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76452a05722355d2bdecbd498c1c9213", "text": "Temple A temple ( from the Latin word templum ) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice . It is typically used for such buildings belonging to all faiths where a more specific term such as church , mosque or synagogue is not generally used in English . These include Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism among religions with many modern followers , as well as other ancient religions such as Ancient Egyptian religion . The form and function of temples is thus very variable , though they are often considered by believers to be in some sense the `` house '' of one or more deities . Typically offerings of some sort are made to the deity , and other rituals enacted , and a special group of clergy maintain and operate the temple . The degree to which the whole population of believers can access the building varies significantly ; often parts or even the whole main building can only be accessed by the clergy . Temples typically have a main building and a larger precinct , which may contain many other buildings . The word comes from Ancient Rome , where a templum constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest , or augur . It has the same root as the word `` template '' , a plan in preparation of the building that was marked out on the ground by the augur . Templa also became associated with the dwelling places of a god or gods . Despite the specific set of meanings associated with the Ancient Roman religion , the word has now become quite widely used to describe a house of worship for any number of religions and is even used for time periods prior to the Romans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "529b1516664b7d9c327c6e94ba2923cc", "text": "Pavalavannam temple Tiru Pavala Vannam or Pavalavanam temple located in Kanchipuram in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu , is dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu . Constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture , the temple is glorified in the Divya Prabandha , the early medieval Tamil canon of the Azhwar saints from the 6th -- 9th centuries AD . It is one of the 108 Divyadesam dedicated to Vishnu , who is worshipped as Pavalavannar Perumal and his consort Lakshmi as Pavazhavalli . The temple is believed to have been built by the Cholas , with later contributions from Medieval Cholas and Vijayanagar kings . The temple has three inscriptions on its walls , two dating from the period of Kulothunga Chola I ( 1070 -- 1120 CE ) and one to that of Rajadhiraja Chola ( 1018-54 CE ) . A granite wall surrounds the temple , enclosing all the shrines and two bodies of water . There is a seven-tiered rajagopuram , the temple 's gateway tower , in the temple . Pavalavannar is believed to have appeared to sage Naimisaranya . Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple , of which the Brahmotsavam festival , celebrated during the Tamil month of Vaikasi ( May - June ) , being the most prominent . The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c34782e6c93a61b5533d741de2167800", "text": "Telugu years TeluguTelugu year is the calendar year for the Telugu and Kannada speaking people of India . Each Yuga ( Era ) has a cycle of 60 years . Each year of Ugadi year has a specific name in Panchangam ( Astrnomical calendar ) based on astrological influences and the name of the year would represent the character of that year . The calendar includes 60 year names . Every 60 years one name cycle completes and the names repeat in the next cycle . For example , the Telugu name for 1954 is `` jaya '' , repeated in 2014 . Ugadi is the Telugu new year festival that comes in the spring season ( usually March or April ) . The sixty Ugadi year names are as follows : ( 1867,1927,1987 , 2047 ) Prabhava ప్రభవ ( 1868,1928,1988 , 2048 ) Vibhava విభవ ( 1869,1929,1989 , 2049 ) Sukla శుక్ల ( 1870,1930,1990 , 2050 ) Pramodyuta ప్రమోద్యూత ( 1871,1931,1991 , 2051 ) Prajothpatti ప్రజోత్పత్తి ( 1872,1932,1992 , 2052 ) Aangeerasa ఆంగీరస ( 1873,1933,1993 , 2053 ) Sreemukha శ్రీముఖ ( 1874,1934,1994 , 2054 ) Bhāva భావ ( 1875,1935,1995 , 2055 ) Yuva యువ ( 1876,1936,1996 , 2056 ) Dhāta ధాత ( 1877,1937,1997 , 2057 ) Īswara ఈశ్వర ( 1878,1938,1998 , 2058 ) Bahudhānya బహుధాన్య ( 1879,1939,1999 , 2059 ) Pramādhi ప్రమాధి ( 1880,1940,2000 , 2060 ) Vikrama విక్రమ ( 1881,1941,2001 , 2061 ) Vrisha వృష ( 1882,1942,2002 , 2062 ) Chitrabhānu చిత్రభాను ( 1883,1943,2003 , 2063 ) Svabhānu స్వభాను ( 1884,1944,2004 , 2064 ) Tārana తారణ ( vaikan ) ( 1885,1945,2005 , 2065 ) Pārthiva పార్థివ ( 1886,1946,2006 , 2066 ) Vyaya వ్యయ ( 1887,1947,2007 , 2067 ) Sarvajita సర్వజిత ( 1888,1948,2008 , 2068 ) Sarvadhāri సర్వధారి ( 1889,1949,2009 , 2069 ) Virodhi విరోధి ( 1890,1950,2010 , 2070 ) Vikruti వికృతి ( 1891,1951,2011 , 2071 ) Khara ఖర ( 1892,1952,2012 , 2072 ) Nandana నందన ( 1893,1953,2013 , 2073 ) Vijaya విజయ ( 1894,1954,2014 , 2074 ) Jaya జయ ( 1895,1955,2015 , 2075 ) Manmadha మన్మధ ( 1896,1956,2016 , 2076 ) Durmukhi దుర్ముఖి ( 1897,1957,2017 , 2077 ) Hevalambi హేవళంబి ( 1898,1958,2018 , 2078 ) Vilambi విళంబి ( 1899,1959,2019 , 2079 ) Vikāri వికారి ( 1900,1960,2020 , 2080 ) Sārvari శార్వరి ( 1901,1961,2021 , 2081 ) Plava ప్లవ ( 1902,1962,2022 , 2082 ) Subhakrita శుభకృత ( 1903,1963,2023 , 2083 ) Sobhakrita శోభకృత ( 1904,1964,2024 , 2084 ) Krodhi క్రోధి ( 1905,1965,2025 , 2085 ) Viswāvasu విశ్వావసు ( 1906,1966,2026 , 2086 ) Parābhava పరాభవ ( 1907,1967,2027 , 2087 ) Plavanga ప్లవంగ ( 1908,1968,2028 , 2088 ) Kīlaka కీలక ( 1909,1969,2029 , 2089 ) Soumya సౌమ్య ( 1910,1970,2030 , 2090 ) Sādhārana సాధారణ ( 1911,1971,2031 , 2091 ) Virodhikrita విరోధికృత ( 1912,1972,2032 , 2092 ) Paridhāvi పరిధావి ( 1913,1973,2033 , 2093 ) Pramādeecha ప్రమాదీచ ( 1914,1974,2034 , 2094 ) Ānanda ఆనంద ( 1915,1975,2035 , 2095 ) Rākshasa రాక్షస ( 1916,1976,2036 , 2096 ) Nala నల ( 1917,1977,2037 , 2097 ) Pingala పింగళ ( 1918,1978,2038 , 2098 ) Kālayukti కాళయుక్తి ( vamshidhar ) ( 1919,1979,2039 , 2099 ) Siddhārtha సిద్ధార్థ ( 1920,1980,2040 , 2100 ) Roudri రౌద్రి ( Kalyani ) ( 1921,1981,2041 , 2101 ) Durmathi దుర్మతి ( 1922,1982,2042 , 2102 ) Dundubhi దుందుభి ( 1923,1983,2043 , 2103 ) Rudhirodgāri రుధిరోద్గారి ( 1924,1984,2044 , 2104 ) Raktākshi రక్తాక్షి ( 1925,1985,2045 , 2105 ) Krodhana క్రోధన ( 1926,1986,2046 , 2106 ) Akshyaya అక్షయ Significance : In ancient days Yogis ( saints ) interact directly with god , according to that , they have given information related to our Indian Kalachakra ( time-cycle ) by considering Lord Shiva ( Destroyer of bad ) , Lord Vishnu ( Manager of good and bad ) , Lord Bharmha ( Creator of things ) and Goddess Shakthi ( Energy ) life 's span . Below is the Indian Kalachakra ( time-cycle ) : 60 years = Shashti Poorthi ( For Reference : Shashti Poorthi ) 4,32,000 years = Kali yuga ( Age of vice ) ( For Reference : Kali Yuga ) 8,64,000 years = Dwapar yuga ( For Reference : Dvapara Yuga ) 12,96,000 years = Treta Yuga ( For Reference : Treta Yuga ) 17,28,000 years = Sat Yuga or Krta Yuga or Krita Yuga ( For Reference : Satya Yuga ) Total 43,20,000 years = 1 Maha yuga ( Total 4 yugas . For Reference : Yuga ) 71 Maha yugas = 1 Manvantara or Manuvantara or Manvanter ( For Reference : Manvantara ) 14 Manvantara = 1 Kalpa ( For Reference : Kalpa ( aeon ) ) 2 Kalpas = Lord Bhrama 1 day 2000 Kalpas = Lord Bhrama 's life span 200 Kalpas of Lord Vishnu = Lord Shiva 1 day 200 Kalpas of Lord Shiva = 1 eye blink of Lord Shakthi ( Energy ) . For more information : Hindu units of time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad7ef713e28e0c865825b4f5829d2c14", "text": "Tirtha Tirtha may refer to : Tirtha ( Hinduism ) : pilgrimage in Hinduism Tirtha ( Jainism ) : pilgrimage in Jainism Tirtha ( album ) : an album by pianist Vijay Iyer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2e7796f227117c812168071d5fb99e4", "text": "Tevaram The Tevaram denotes the first seven volumes of the Tirumurai , the twelve-volume collection of Śaiva devotional poetry . All seven volumes are dedicated to the works of the three most prominent Tamil poets of the 7th century , the Nayanars - Sambandar , Tirunavukkarasar and Sundarar . The singing of Tevaram is continued as a hereditary practise in some Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu . In the tenth century , during the reign of Raja Raja Chola I , a collection of these songs was found abandoned in the Chidambaram temple , along with other religious literary works , and collated by Nambiyandar Nambi . It is during the Chola dynasty that Saivism came of age and Tevaram , with its body of texts on rituals , philosophy and theology , was canonized . The 276 temples revered by these verses are called paadal petra thalam and another 276 places having Shiva temples that are casually mentioned in the verses are classified as vaipu sthalam . It was Tevaram for Saivism and Nalayira Divya Prabandam for Vaishanvism . There are 796 of these songs with a total of more than 8200 stanzas . The three poets were not only involved in portraying their personal devotion to Shiva , but also involved a community of believers through their songs . It is one of the important sources of Tamil Bhakti , a movement that inspired the agricultural community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b81e3da5143267b44bc1e2d5f372287", "text": "Gobichettipalayam Gobichettipalayam ( also known as Gobi ) is a town and municipality in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in Erode district and is the administrative headquarters of Gobichettipalayam taluka . It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula , 400 km southwest of the state capital Chennai and 80 km east of Coimbatore . Agriculture and textile industries contribute majorly to the economy of the town . The town is situated at 213 m above sea level , surrounded by Western Ghats . The town is a part of Gobichettipalayam constituency and elects its member of legislative assembly every five years , and a part of the Tirupur constituency that elects its member of parliament . The town is administered by a municipality established in 1949 and has a population of 60,279 as of 2011 . It is known as `` Mini Kollywood '' because of the film shooting that takes place here and many films in Tamil and other languages have been shot here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42b90b7dedb905267f914f56558f6283", "text": "Deities in Tirumala Venkateswara Temple Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple is a landmark vaishnavite temple situated in the hill town of Tirumala at Tirupati in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh , India . The Temple is dedicated to Lord Venkateswara , an incarnation of Vishnu , who is believed to be appeared here to save mankind from trails and troubles of Kali Yuga . The presiding deity Lord Venkateswara is represented with five deities including main deity ( moolavirat ) known as Panchaberamulu . Besides Lord Venkateswara deities the temple also abodes the deities of Krishna and Rukmini , Chakrathalwar , Srirama , Sita , Lakshmana , Anjaneya , Viswaksena , Sugriva , Angada and salagramalu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4310a4ebc1002e8a09ae8476da5afb9", "text": "Kapilatirtham Kapila Tirtham ( also called Kapila Theertham ) is located in Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh . It is famous for its Lord Shiva temple . In the premises of temple , there is a waterfall and a big Koneru ( or pond ) . The waterfalls come from the Seven Hills of Chewbacca ( Tirumala ) . It is only Siva temple in Tirupati . Category : Villages in Chittoor district", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ae848f236eb2b26750e45d63fa97b0", "text": "Guruvayur Temple Guruvayur Sri Krishna Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Krishna ( an avatar of the god Vishnu ) , located in the town of Guruvayur in Kerala , India . It is one of the most important places of worship for Hindus of Kerala and is often referred to as `` Bhuloka Vaikunta '' which translates to the `` Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth '' . The presiding deity of the Guruvayur Temple is Vishnu , worshipped in the form of Krishna . The central icon is a four-armed standing Krishna carrying the conch Panchajanya , the discus Sudarshana Chakra , the mace Kaumodaki and a lotus with a Holy basil garland . This image represents the majestic form of Vishnu as revealed to Krishna 's parents Vasudeva and Devaki around the time of Krishna 's birth ; hence Guruvayur is also known as `` Dwarka of South India '' . He is currently worshipped according to routines laid down by Adi Shankara and later written formally in the Tantric way , the inter-religious spiritual movement that arose in medieval India , by Cennas Narayanan Nambudiri ( born in 1427 ) . The Cennas Nambudiris are the hereditary tantris ( high priest ) of the Guruvayur Temple . The temple ( puja ) routines are strictly followed . The tantri is available full-time at the Temple to ensure this . The Melsanti ( Chief Priest ) enters the sanctum sanctorum in the morning and does not drink anything up to the completion of `` noon worships '' at 12:30 PM .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a8f85ebaf70ee74ead293e095f61e4", "text": "Tirumala Tirumala is a census town in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . The town is a part of Tirupati Urban Development Authority and located in Tirupati ( rural ) mandal of Tirupati revenue division . It is a hill town where Tirumala Venkateswara Temple is located , which is the abode of Lord Venkateswara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b460c025baa09b58bfdae3d2fa0fdf1", "text": "Tourism in Vatican City Vatican City is a popular destination for tourists , especially Christians wishing to see the Pope or practice their faith . The main tourist attractions in Vatican City include the Basilica of St. Peter , Saint Peter 's Square , the Vatican Museums , the Sistine Chapel , and the Raphael Rooms . Pilgrims most often visit Vatican City at special moments in the liturgical year , such as Christmas or Easter , or during important periods such as the proclamation of a holy year or the funeral and election of a pope . Tourism is one of the principal sources of revenue in the economy of Vatican City . Although less than a quarter of a square mile in area , in 2007 , about 4.3 million tourists visited the Vatican Museums alone . Tourism is the main cause of the Vatican 's unusually high crime rate : tourists are blamed for various minor thefts and incidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5479288d8ed7fadcf1c5fb41369ee56b", "text": "Kannamkulangara Kannamkulangara/Kannankulangara is a desam -LSB- area -RSB- in the Southern part of Thrissur which is a part of OR intersected with Koorkenchery ; in Kerala state , South India . Kannankulangara is a commercial and residential area in Thrissur , Kerala , India . It is very closer to the city starting from Sakthan Thampuran Bus stand and extending towards Chiyyaram and Koorkenchery Maheswara Temple . Kannankulangara is Ward 33 of Thrissur Municipal Corporation . Kannamkulangara is home to the Mahavishnu Temple and Christ the King Church . The name `` Kannankulangara '' has meaning , which can interpreted as `` Land near to Kannan 's Pond '' . There is also a Pond near to the Mahavishnu Temple . So it 's said that the name `` Kannan '' + `` Kulam '' + `` Kara '' = Kannankulangara . There is an annual festival celebrated in the temple . Hindus and Christians are dominant in this place which has now become a prime residential area . Trichur Heart Hospital , Trichur Head Post Office , '' Income Tax/Customs '' Offices are located in Kannamkulangara , Thrissur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8dcbfb8cefee2acee0b6aeec5839eeb", "text": "Metraleeswar temple Metraleeswarar Temple ( also called Kanchi Metrali ) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva , located in Pillaiyar Palayam area in Kanchipuram , Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu , India . Metraleeswarar is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work , the Tevaram , written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam , the 275 temples revered in the canon . The temple is believed to have expanded during the 13th century by Later Cholas as indicated in the inscriptions . The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 5:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. , and three yearly festivals on its calendar , of which the Thirugnana Sambanda Gurupuja and Panguni Uthiram during March - April being the most prominent . The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20070a9dc6fe8c880069acd502f5182b", "text": "Tirumala Krishna Idol Tirumala Krishna idol is one of the idols in the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple , Andhra Pradesh . While the temple is dedicated to worship of lord Vishnu as Venkateswara , it contains the idols of some of Vishnu 's other avatars - Krishna and Rama . The temple also has the idol of Rukmini , wife of Lord Krishna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65cae02fac628d9ec2276615c938d591", "text": "Temples of Tirunelveli Tirunelveli has a rich Hindu tradition . Though the roots of the city are deeply entrenched in Hindu mythology , Tirunelveli is populated by people of all religions , with Hindus , Christians , Muslims and Jains forming a major proportion of the local people . However , the cultural heritage of Tirunelveli is overwhelmingly Hindu and one of the most important reasons that it is famous among tourists and art and architecture enthusiasts . Despite having a pluralistic population , Tirunelveli in general , enjoys religious , racial and cultural harmony .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1f95e9a2e06e3e2d21133ebc6b9ca68f
In Dubious Battle was incapable of starring Josh Hutcherson.
[ { "docid": "d8c7cb7a5cc098477dc96099df9afab4", "text": "In Dubious Battle (film) In Dubious Battle is a 2016 drama film directed by and produced by James Franco , based on John Steinbeck 's novel of the same name , with a screenplay by Matt Rager . The film features an ensemble cast , consisting of Franco , Nat Wolff , Josh Hutcherson , Selena Gomez , Vincent D'Onofrio , Analeigh Tipton , Zach Braff , Bryan Cranston , Ed Harris , and Robert Duvall . The film gets caught up in the labor movement for fruit workers in California during the 1930s . The film had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on September 3 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "d7ffcd694dce5413d91ad97eb25ba981", "text": "Josh Weinstein Josh Weinstein ( born May 5 , 1966 ) is an American television writer and producer , known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons . Weinstein and Bill Oakley became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans High School ; Weinstein then attended Stanford University and was editor-in-chief of the Stanford Chaparral . He worked on several short-term media projects , including writing for the variety show Sunday Best , but was then unemployed for a long period . Weinstein and Oakley eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld , after which they wrote `` Marge Gets a Job '' , an episode of The Simpsons . Subsequently , the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992 . After they wrote episodes such as `` $ pringfield ( Or , How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling ) '' , `` Bart vs. Australia '' and `` Who Shot Mr. Burns ? '' , the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show . They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family , as well as several high-concept episodes such as `` Homer 's Enemy '' , `` Two Bad Neighbors '' and `` The Principal and the Pauper '' , winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work . After they left The Simpsons , Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill . The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled . They worked as consulting producers on Futurama , then created The Mullets in 2003 . The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots , and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down , Shut Up in 2009 . Oakley left the project over a contract dispute , but Weinstein remained until it was canceled . He co-produced and wrote for Futurama again during its Comedy Central revival , winning an Emmy in 2011 . Since 2013 , Weinstein has served as showrunner for the CBBC series Strange Hill High . He has also served as a writer for Season Two of Gravity Falls , co-writing nine of the season 's episodes . Weinstein is married to journalist Lisa Simmons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10d4326b50cef8c698cf049822c64106", "text": "The Argues: The Movie The Argues : The Movie is a 2010 Australian comedy/mockumentary directed by Mark Hembrow and starring David Argue , Patricia Argue , Steven Tandy and Stuart Thompson . The film was written by David Argue and Hembrow with improvisation by David Argue , Patricia Argue and Thompson . The film is based on the story of Argue 's mother and her romance with America and Europe , where she ice skated in many famed shows with her now deceased husband , so David takes her on a sentimental journey revisiting the places she skated around the world while at the same time trying to land himself a Hollywood agent . The film is shot on location in Hollywood , New York City , Florence , Venice , Dubai and Melbourne . The Argues : The Movie '' 's original title was Mum and Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af3b4147ba9df4e5ba171c97c467df0c", "text": "Inconceivable (2008 film) Inconceivable is a 2008 satirical drama about the test-tube baby industry . The film was written and directed by Mary McGuckian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a2699bb741ab9f78a3051d9a3edf92a", "text": "Starhyke Starhyke is a British science fiction/comedy series filmed in 2004 . Starhyke began production in October 2004 and starred Claudia Christian of Babylon 5 and Jeremy Bulloch from Star Wars . In 2007 , the producers aimed to complete post-production , and in March 2008 it was announced that this process was now finished . However , a later post on the official site stated that post-production would be completed at the end of September 2008 , and that there was a private screening of all six episodes in Bristol , UK in November 2008 . Currently only six episodes have been made . An announcement on the official site reported that the producers were `` getting nearer to finalising a deal and being able to announce which channel has been lucky enough to add Starhyke to their spring schedule '' . Producer , Jonathan Brown , said in March 2008 that Virgin 1 and Sky One had refused the series while Five Life , Bravo and Paramount Comedy were considering buying it . As reported on the official website props , costumes and posters from Starhyke were featured in episode 39 of the BBC drama Casualty , broadcast on 24 May 2008 . The series got its world premiere at a press , cast and crew screening at the Showcase Cinema De Lux in Cabot Circus , Bristol on 8 November 2008 . The series was released on DVD on 30 November 2009 . The series world TV premiere was on the Sky satellite channel Showcase TV in December 2011 . The series is now available on the amazon.com TV service , Amazon Prime , free to subscribers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad4f096deed383042a9e027053a163cf", "text": "The Battle (Star Trek: The Next Generation) `` The Battle '' is the ninth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation and was originally aired on November 16 , 1987 , in broadcast syndication . The episode was written by Herbert Wright , based on a story by Larry Forrester , and directed by Rob Bowman . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise-D . In this episode , Captain Jean-Luc Picard ( Patrick Stewart ) is given his former vessel , the Stargazer , as a gift by the Ferengi DaiMon Bok ( Frank Corsentino ) who intends to use it to take revenge upon the Enterprise captain . The Stargazer was to originally be represented by the movie-era Enterprise model , but producers were convinced to use a design which had appeared on a model in Picard 's ready room in the series pilot . Several camera and compositing techniques were used by Bowman in filming the scenes aboard the bridge of the Stargazer , which was also a re-dressed movie-era Klingon Bird of Prey bridge set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b63ac3f20e4c917d6e3379f129d43c59", "text": "Mission: Impossible 2 Mission : Impossible 2 ( stylized as M : I-2 ) is a 2000 American action spy film directed by John Woo and starring Tom Cruise , who also served as the film 's producer . It is the second installment in the Mission : Impossible film series . In the film , Ethan Hunt is recruited by the Impossible Missions Force ( IMF ) to find and destroy a dangerous biological weapon called `` Chimera '' from a rogue IMF agent named Sean Ambrose with the help of his new girlfriend , Nyah Nordoff-Hall . . Mission : Impossible 2 was released in theaters worldwide on May 24 , 2000 . It grossed more than $ 546.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing film of 2000 . But the critical response was mixed ; praise was directed at Tom Cruise 's performance and the action sequences , but the plot and dialogue were criticized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "156da35dd4c43e9b6c8c43e60a326305", "text": "Wanted: Dead or Alive (1987 film) Wanted : Dead or Alive is a 1987 action film directed by Gary Sherman and starring Rutger Hauer as Nick Randall , the descendant of the character Josh Randall , played by Steve McQueen in the 1958 television series of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af22df3ea6e8d51d54fddc84b568cc73", "text": "Stealth (film) Stealth is a 2005 science fiction action film starring Josh Lucas , Jessica Biel , Jamie Foxx , Sam Shepard , Joe Morton and Richard Roxburgh . The film , an international co-production between the United States , Australia , and New Zealand , was directed by Rob Cohen , director of The Fast and the Furious and xXx . The film follows three top fighter pilots as they join a project to develop an automated robotic stealth aircraft . Released on July 29 , 2005 by Columbia Pictures , the film cost $ 135 million to make , but was panned by critics , and was a box office bomb making only $ 76 million worldwide , one of the worst losses in cinematic history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7a24b6f632c146d8047491a11762261", "text": "Ken Hutcherson Kenneth Lee Hutcherson ( July 14 , 1952 -- December 18 , 2013 ) was an American football linebacker in the National Football League and senior pastor at Antioch Bible Church in Kirkland , Washington , where he had been since 1985 . His nickname from his NFL days was `` The Hutch '' . Hutcherson died on December 18 , 2013 , after more than a decade-long battle with prostate and bone cancer . Ken Hutcherson is survived by his mother , wife , and four children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "339c73eb5a487e76222223a220a3a156", "text": "Bring It On: Fight to the Finish Bring It On : Fight to the Finish is a 2009 teen comedy film starring Christina Milian , Rachele Brooke Smith , Cody Longo , Vanessa Born , Gabrielle Dennis and Holland Roden . Directed by Bille Woodruff and the fifth and final installment in the series of stand-alone films starting with the 2000 film Bring It On . The film was released direct-to-video on DVD and Blu-ray on September 1 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daad570bb44299dbee7db5004966461a", "text": "My Combat Channel My Combat Channel is an English-language specialty channel devoted to airing programming related to combat sports including wrestling , boxing , mixed martial arts , and other combatant styles . Along with airing live fighting events My Combat Channel also airs combat related movies , documentaries , television series , news , and fitness related shows . My Combat Channel was founded in late 2011 by Fabiano Iha , a prize-winning Martial Arts champion . On August 22 , 2013 , My Combat Channel was purchased by Anthem Sports & Entertainment . From July 1 , 2011 My Combat Channel commenced broadcasting worldwide on FilmOn 's internet television service . In July , 2012 My Combat Channel announced it would commence broadcasting from September 1 , 2012 on KILM channel 64 in Barstow , California , an independent station programmed at the time by FilmOn ; this would be replaced on November 25 , 2013 with an all-infomercial format , after FilmOn 's contract with KILM was not renewed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228a3089b5d62c3587b5e5585a6aa75b", "text": "Unfinished Business (2015 film) Unfinished Business is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Ken Scott and written by Steven Conrad . The film stars Vince Vaughn , Tom Wilkinson , Dave Franco , Sienna Miller , Nick Frost , and James Marsden . It was released on March 6 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8196145c4652bfab4ae6e2bdb3a8eb91", "text": "Jonah Meyerson Jonah Meyerson ( born September 20 , 1991 ) is an American actor . He has worked with actors such as Gene Hackman , Pierce Brosnan , Robin Williams , Ben Stiller , Dermot Mulroney , Alison Pill , and Aidan Quinn . He was born in New York City , where he currently lives . He is a graduate of Stuyvesant High School , and the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the class of 2013 . At UPenn , he was the head writer for and a cast member of Penn 's Mask and Wig Club , the nation 's oldest collegiate all-male musical comedy troupe . Meyerson also performed with Penn 's improv comedy troupe , Without a Net . and was a 2013 member of Penn 's Friars Senior Society . Meyerson made his acting debut in Wes Anderson 's 2001 award-winning film The Royal Tenenbaums . He played Uzi , the red-suited older son of Chas , played by Ben Stiller , and the grandson of characters played by Gene Hackman and Anjelica Huston . Meyerson was nominated for a Young Artists ' award for his work on that film . He also starred in Griffin and Phoenix , a new movie shown on the Lifetime channel and released on DVD . His work on that film earned him his second Young Artist Award nomination . In 2005 , he was in the movies Little Manhattan and The Matador , and in 2004 , David Duchovny 's House of D. Playing computer genius Yoda who helps Alison Pill 's character in Book of Daniel ( 2006 ) , Jonah was set to appear in eight episodes , but only one of his episodes aired before the series was cancelled . His work on that series is available on the show 's DVD . He is represented by -LSB- Paradigm -RSB- in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5963d11c7cf923930d791326ba7e0", "text": "You Instead You Instead ( alternate U.S. title Tonight You 're Mine ) is a 2011 British `` Rock 'n' roll romantic comedy '' written by Thomas Leveritt and directed by David Mackenzie . The film stars Luke Treadaway , Natalia Tena , Gavin Mitchell and Alastair Mackenzie . Set at T in the Park music festival and shot by Sigma Films , two feuding rock stars are handcuffed together at a festival where they are due to perform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3821fda2f00599e2070ef572c8eb6f6a", "text": "The Dungeonmaster The Dungeonmaster , ( originally , Ragewar : The Challenges of Excalibrate and Digital Knights ) , is a 1984 low-budget science fiction/fantasy film , rated PG-13 , starring Jeffrey Byron , Richard Moll and Leslie Wing . The film is produced by Charles Band , and is split up into seven distinct story segments , each written and directed by a different person : Dave Allen , Charles Band , John Carl Buechler , Steven Ford , Peter Manoogian , Ted Nicolaou , and Rosemarie Turko . The film 's theme was influenced by the popularity of Disney 's 1982 film Tron and the roleplaying game Dungeons and Dragons . Principal filming began in 1983 but the film was not completed until 1984 . The film features an appearance by the heavy metal band W.A.S.P. . A sequel segment was planned for the anthology Pulse Pounders , but the unfinished film was never released due to the collapse of Empire Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f40537cd271ea006a30f076f01fb48", "text": "Josh Groban Joshua `` Josh '' Winslow Groban ( born February 27 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , and record producer . His first four solo albums have been certified multi-platinum , and he was charted in 2007 as the number-one best selling artist in the United States , with over 22.3 million records in the nation . As of 2012 , he has sold over 25 million records worldwide . Now in 2017 it is more than 35 million . Groban originally studied acting , but moved to singing as his voice developed . Groban attended the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts , a free public school on the campus of California State University , Los Angeles , where students receive a conservatory-style education . David Foster called Groban to stand in for an ailing Andrea Bocelli to rehearse a duet , `` The Prayer '' , with Celine Dion at the rehearsal for the 1998 Grammy Awards . Rosie O'Donnell immediately invited him to appear on her talk show . Foster asked him to sing at the California Governor 's Gray Davis ' 1999 inauguration . He was cast on Ally McBeal by the show 's creator , David E. Kelley , performing `` You 're Still You '' for the 2001 season 4 finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "006359a44d01c98fadad29e33e522398", "text": "Josh Day Josh Day ( born December 15 , 1983 ) is an American football tackle .", "title": "" } ]
fever
4ed1952e92e9b1e2a10d729dd9134516
Jamaicans for Justice was founded in 1999.
[ { "docid": "bd798d0654910b53a7191b48316555d1", "text": "Jamaicans for Justice Jamaicans for Justice ( JFJ ) is a non-profit , non-partisan , non-violent volunteer citizens ' rights action group . Jamaicans for Justice ( JFJ ) was founded in 1999 in Kingston , Jamaica . The group was co-founded by Jamaican human rights activist Dr. Carolyn Gomes who in 2008 was awarded the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "aca3309c8c68335a1530bc4073835d92", "text": "Sam Brown (Rastafari) Ras Sam Brown ( 16 December 1925 -- August 1998 ) was a Jamaican Rastafari elder well known in Kingston for his politics after he participated in the elections of 1961 with his Suffering People 's Party . He received fewer than 100 votes , yet by being the first Rasta to ever stand for politics his influence has been greater than this statistic suggests , especially as at the time there was generalised feeling in the Rastafarian movement that Rastas do not vote . He had a 21-point plan . Some of his ideas were : Members of the Rastafari movement are an inseparable part of the black Jamaican people . As such we can not and do not proclaim any higher aims than the legitimate aims and aspiration of the black people of Jamaica . The Rastafarian Movement stands for freedom to its fullest sense and for the recovery of dignity , self-respect and sovereignty of the black people of Jamaica . The Rastafarian movement , for the furtherance of these ends , must have the backing and support to lead a political party of its own . The Rastafarian movement has the backing of no political party . We are the subject of persecution and discrimination . The Rastafarian movement therefore has decided to actively join the political struggle and create a political movement with the aim of taking power and implement measures for the upliftment of the poor and the oppressed . All men , therefore , are free , irrespective of colour to join this political crusade . The only condition is that he must abandon evil . Leonard E. Barrett in his 1977 book The Rastafarians includes an interview with Brown , whom he describes as `` one of the most complex personalities within the Rastafarian movement '' . Barrett also provides extracts from Brown ` s election campaign literature . Barrett refers to Brown ` s political party as the Black Man ` s Party rather than The Suffering People ` s Party , though he also quotes the party ` s position that all were free to join regardless of colour . Also included in his book is a photograph captioned `` rare photograph of a Rastafarian political party symbol '' , depicting a group of Rastafarians ( one of whom may be Brown ) standing by a placard advertising Brown 's campaign . In 1996 Brown became a roots reggae singer and poet with an album called History , Past and Present . He died while attending an international trade fair in Barbados in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "381e56b4a340ff09fe42127780875481", "text": "Jamaica Football Federation The Jamaica Football Federation ( JFF ) is the governing body of football in Jamaica and is in charge of the Jamaican national team and the Jamaican National Premier League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c040096b9091c1d67b37fb39b58d30", "text": "New World Foundation The New World Foundation is a liberal foundation , based in New York . It supports organizations that work on behalf of civil rights and that seek to encourage participation of citizens in American democracy . It was founded in 1954 by Anita McCormick Blaine , a prominent member of the McCormick family and an heiress to industrialist Cyrus Hall McCormick and a supporter of Henry Wallace 's 1948 presidential campaign . Its initial funding of about $ 20 million was noted for progress towards education , ethics , peace , and public health . In its mission statement , the New World Foundation stated as of 2009 : We see the strengths of progressive ideals and committed activists , who every day are inventing democracy and extending its boundaries . But we also know the strength of reaction , inaction , and injustice in blocking democracy 's advance . Our work and our tradition is to tip the balance , to add resources to the side of justice , to widen the channels for participation , and to ensure that another generation will see by example how they can make a difference . During the early 1960s , the New World Foundation 's goal was to aid education and promote better intergroup and international relations . During the early 1970s , the Foundation supported various civil rights and community projects . Hillary Clinton , whom Marian Wright Edelman had mentored , was on the board from 1982 to 1988 , and was its chair for some of that time , including 1987 . During that time , the Foundation gave money to a variety of organizations active in civil rights and other New Left causes , including the Christic Institute , Grassroots International , Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ( CISPES ) , FAIR , and the National Lawyers Guild . By the early 1990s , the foundation was giving money to a Silicon Valley group fighting consequences of computer industry toxins , all the while undergoing criticism for being invested in the likes of Louisiana Pacific , Nike , and Philip Morris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ac24473de49e1491453de7c5f606c", "text": "Jamaica Civil Service Association The Jamaica Civil Service Association is an association representing the civil servants of Jamaica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7390ab03aaf14853187c66dbbeb0552", "text": "Alliance for Justice Alliance for Justice ( AFJ ) is a progressive judicial advocacy group in the United States . Founded in 1979 by current president Nan Aron , AFJ monitors federal judicial appointments . AFJ represents a coalition of 100 politically liberal groups that have an interest in the federal judiciary . According to the organization , `` AFJ works to ensure that the federal judiciary advances core constitutional values , preserves human rights and unfettered access to the courts , and adheres to the even-handed administration of justice for all Americans . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ee02d7ce047adc4ec476385da24ad12", "text": "Campaign for Youth Justice The Campaign for Youth Justice ( CFYJ ) is a national campaign in the United States dedicated to ending the practice of trying , sentencing , and incarcerating children under age 18 in the adult justice system . Founded in 2005 , CFYJ has become a national clearinghouse on the issue of trying youth in adult court . It is also one of the leading advocates for the reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act . CFYJ is an advocacy group with nonprofit status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2b57d27966ef30e297864ca9880043e", "text": "Kingston Western (Jamaica Parliament constituency) Kingston Western is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Representatives of the Jamaican Parliament . It elects one Member of Parliament MP by the first past the post system of election . The constituency was one of the original 32 Parliamentary seats . West Kingston is dominated by the Jamaica Labour Party ( JLP ) which has held the seat continuously since 1955 . JLP Prime Ministers Alexander Bustamante , Hugh Shearer , Edward Seaga and Bruce Golding had all represented the seat in the past , although Bustamante and Shearer had not represented the constituency during their premierships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "316e8920f9d01fd0358a6fe3b241be6f", "text": "James Beckford (athlete) James Beckford ( born 9 January 1975 in Saint Mary , Jamaica ) is a Jamaican track and field athlete competing in the long jump . He represented Jamaica at the Olympic level in 1996 , 2000 and 2004 . He was the silver medallist in the long jump at the 1996 Olympics and also has two silvers from the World Championships in Athletics ( from 1995 and 2003 ) . He was chosen as the Jamaica Sportsman of the Year for 1995 , 1996 and 2003 . He is the current holder of the Jamaican record for both the long jump and triple jump with marks of 8.62 m and 17.92 m , respectively . Beckford was educated in the United States and began his athletics career there , specialising in the horizontal jumps . He took the triple jump title at Florida 's Class AAAA championship , representing William R. Boone High School . He moved to Texas to study at Blinn College . While there he improved Delroy Poyser 's Jamaican record with a jump of 17.29 metres ( 56 ft 8 3/4 in ) -- a mark which was also the world-leading outdoor jump at that point in April 1994 . He was banned from competition for three months in 1997 after he tested positive for ephedrine , a banned stimulant . He has competed at the World Championships on five occasions and the IAAF World Indoor Championships on six occasions . Aside from his global performances , he has won medals at the Summer Universiade , the Goodwill Games , the IAAF Grand Prix Final , as well as a silver medal from the 1998 CAC Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d50b109f62075a3f6ad48cd977474bf2", "text": "International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) The International Crimes Tribunal ( Bangladesh ) ( ICT of Bangladesh ) is a domestic war crimes tribunal in Bangladesh set up in 2009 to investigate and prosecute suspects for the genocide committed in 1971 by the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators , Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams during the Bangladesh Liberation War . During the 2008 general election , the Awami League ( AL ) pledged to establish the tribunals in response to long-standing calls for trying war criminals . The first indictments were issued in 2010 . However , the main perpetrators of the war crimes , the Pakistan soldiers , remained out of the reach of the courts . The government set up the tribunal after the Awami League won the general election in December 2008 with a more than two-thirds majority in parliament . The War Crimes Fact Finding Committee , tasked to investigate and find evidence , completed its report in 2008 , identifying 1,600 suspects . Prior to the formation of the ICT , the United Nations Development Programme offered assistance in 2009 on the tribunal 's formation . In 2009 , the parliament amended the 1973 act that authorised such a tribunal to update it . By 2012 , nine leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami , the largest Islamist party in the nation , and two of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party , had been indicted as suspects in war crimes . Three leaders of Jamaat were the first tried ; each were convicted of several charges of war crimes . The first person convicted was Abul Kalam Azad , tried in absentia as he had left the country ; he was sentenced to death in January 2013 . The ICT initially received some offers of international assistance . In 2009 , the UN offered its expertise , expressing an interest in helping Bangladesh avoid the problems other countries faced in similar trials . The EU has passed three resolutions supporting the trials and Jean Lambert has said `` she expected that the trial would conform to the highest standard possible . '' However , since the beginning of the trials several human rights organisations and international legal figures have raised objections to the court proceedings . Human Rights Watch , which initially supported the establishment of the tribunal , have criticised it for issues of fairness and transparency , as well as reported harassment of lawyers and witnesses representing the accused . Bianca Karim and Tirza Theunissen have written that the international community have voiced concerns that the trial will not be transparent or impartial . Jamaat-e-Islami supporters and their student wing , Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir , called a general strike nationwide on 4 December 2012 , which erupted in violence . The group demanded the tribunal be scrapped permanently and their leaders be released immediately . Annual public opinion polls regularly rank the war-crimes trials ranked among the top three `` positive steps that the government has taken '' , though the issue is not considered among the top ten most pressing issues facing the country . Polling in 2013 by AC Nielsen found that more than two-thirds of Bangladeshis characterise the ICT as `` unfair '' or `` very unfair '' , though 86 % support its implementation . In February 2013 , Abdul Quader Molla , Assistant Secretary General of Jamaat , was the first person sentenced to death by the ICT who was not convicted in absentia . Initially , Molla was sentenced to life imprisonment , but demonstrations , including the 2013 Shahbag protests in Dhaka , lead to a new punishment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78c403341f0511145347f41b33d559f6", "text": "Artists for Peace and Justice Artists for Peace and Justice is a non-profit organization founded in 2009 by Paul Haggis that encourages peace and social justice and addresses issues of poverty and enfranchisement in communities around the world . The organization 's immediate goal is to serve the poorest communities in Haiti with programs in education , healthcare , and dignity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e78b7f0493c822e6bdecce8edd71cbbf", "text": "Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms The Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms ( JCCF ) is a Canadian non-profit legal organization based in Calgary specializing in Canadian constitutional law , specifically in interpretations of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . The organization was founded in 2010 by John Carpay , a former provincial director of the Canadian Taxpayers Federation representing Alberta and a former candidate of the federal Reform Party and provincial Wildrose Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab1afa771f954748836d9269908d035", "text": "Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation The Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation ( JBC ) was a public broadcasting company in Jamaica founded in 1959 by premier Norman Manley with the aim of emulating the success of other national broadcasting companies such as the BBC and CBC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10d3b3769fb772c57d5656c593022018", "text": "Committee on the Administration of Justice The Committee on the Administration of Justice ( often known by the acronym CAJ ) is an independent human rights organisation in Northern Ireland with cross-community membership . It was established in 1981 and lobbies and campaigns on a broad range of domestic and international human rights issues . CAJ seeks to secure the highest standards in the administration of justice in Northern Ireland by ensuring that the Government complies with the rule of law and with all its obligations in international human rights law . CAJ is an affiliate member of the leading global network of human rights NGOs , the International Federation of Human Rights ( FIDH ) , along with Liberty in Britain and the Free Legal Advice Centres ( FLAC ) and Irish Council for Civil Liberties ( ICCL ) in the Republic of Ireland . In 1998 , CAJ was awarded the Council of Europe 's Human Rights Prize . CAJ 's website contains details of all of its publications and consultation submissions since 1981 , and information on membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab4d7df9f0527f3f5267c275b26b8de2", "text": "Justice Not Crisis Justice Not Crisis is a direct action pressure group campaigning for more social housing in Birmingham , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "422ae6c9ed1357ccebe77f6f60e65676", "text": "Michigan Citizens for Justice Michigan Citizens for Justice is an advocacy and support group for Michigan sex offenders and their families . Michigan Citizens for Justice is an affiliate organization of Reform Sex Offender Laws , Inc. , and one of the more than 50 organizations nationwide movement to reform sex offender laws in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75789033f72be7ef2885a6a095ff3fee", "text": "Truth and Justice Commission The Truth and Justice Commission of Mauritius was an independent truth commission established in 2009 , which explored the impact of slavery and indentured servitude in Mauritius . The Commission was tasked to investigate the dispossession of land , and `` determine appropriate measures to be extended to descendants of slaves and indentured laborers . '' It was `` unique in that it -LSB- dealt -RSB- with socio-economic class abuses '' and explored the possibility of reparations . The inclusion of reparations , whether for individuals or communities , was a controversial decision within the country which aimed to correct inequality . The Commission attempted to cover more than 370 years , the longest period of time that a truth commission has ever covered . The Commission consisted of five members who were appointed by the then President Sir Anerood Jugnauth . The President selected Alex Boraine , the former deputy chair of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission , and four Mauritians to oversea the research and publication of a document consisting of 7 Volumes , and detailing over 3 centuries of Mauritian history . The Truth and Justice Commission documented the `` economics of colonialism , slavery , and indentured servitude , the experiences of indentured Africans , Indians , and French engagés , and living and working conditions on sugar estates . '' In order to aid Mauritians in reconciling the past the commission recommended : `` 1 ) memorializing slavery ; 2 ) a better understanding and more inclusive account of Mauritian history and culture ; 3 ) a better and increased protections of Mauritian heritage ; 4 ) a less racist and elitist society ; 5 ) a more democratic public life , and ; 6 ) empowerment of Mauritians of African and Malagasy origin , as well as other recommendations to increase economic and social justice , particularly related to land issues and equitable and judicious use of the environment . '' Many of these recommendations have yet to be acted upon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "414f79f179ca08ad9a836c1e12b10f25", "text": "Order of National Hero (Jamaica) The Order of National Hero is an honour awarded by the government of Jamaica . It is a part of the Jamaican honours system that has been in place since 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1279fe113c2fc0095045890106b2a42b", "text": "Justice Africa Justice Africa is a non-governmental organisation which seeks to promote social justice and human rights in Africa . It was established in 1999 , to ensure that the vision of a Pan-African civil society came to fruition . Justice Africa 's programmes are guided by the slogan : `` nothing for us , without us '' . The organisation believes in the importance of civil society ownership of the democratic process , in order to sustain peace and guarantee human rights . To achieve this end , Justice Africa works with governments , civil society actors as well as , local communities to build strong judicial frameworks , encourage the democratic process and promote peace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c74b6244e6a6a9ff45a34f7227d335", "text": "Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey . After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e80fc70a246fec944be30cb304bda4a", "text": "A Theory of Justice A Theory of Justice is a work of political philosophy and ethics by John Rawls , in which the author attempts to solve the problem of distributive justice ( the socially just distribution of goods in a society ) by utilising a variant of the familiar device of the social contract . The resultant theory is known as `` Justice as Fairness '' , from which Rawls derives his two principles of justice : the liberty principle and the difference principle . First published in 1971 , A Theory of Justice was revised in both 1975 ( for the translated editions ) and 1999 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
f0c4e0edb64e474cf5eccec42eb0d60c
Just Dance finally reached the summit of the chart in January 2009.
[ { "docid": "92044002af5e7897e86df5886dea3399", "text": "Just Dance (song) `` Just Dance '' is the debut single by American singer Lady Gaga . The song was produced by RedOne and co-written by RedOne , Gaga and Akon , while also featuring labelmate Colby O'Donis . It was released in 2008 as the lead single from Gaga 's debut studio album , The Fame . The song was written by Gaga in ten minutes as `` a happy record '' . `` Just Dance '' also has influences of R&B and lyrically speaks about being intoxicated at a club . The song received positive reviews from music critics , who complimented its club anthem-like nature and the synthpop associated with it . The song topped the charts in the United States , Australia , Canada , the Republic of Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom , as well as reaching the top ten in many other countries . In the United States , `` Just Dance '' was a sleeper hit , spending almost five months on the Billboard Hot 100 before finally reaching the summit of the chart in January 2009 , after being released in April 2008 . The single is among the best-selling singles of all time , having sold over 10 million copies . The music video of the song portrayed Lady Gaga appearing in a party where she plays the song , prompting party-goers to start dancing in enjoyment . Gaga compared her experience of shooting the video with being on a Martin Scorsese set . `` Just Dance '' was performed by Gaga in a number of live appearances including all of her concert tours . In 2009 , the song received a Grammy nomination in the Best Dance Recording category but lost to electronic duo Daft Punk for their song `` Harder , Better , Faster , Stronger ( Alive 2007 ) '' .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "c08d65b4f828cff56d6edf7afe2307a6", "text": "Finally Famous: Born a Thug, Still a Thug Finally Famous : Born a Thug , Still a Thug is the eighth studio album by American rapper Trick Daddy . It was released on September 15 , 2009 , under Dunk Ryders Records , Slip-N-Slide Records , & Atlantic Records . The album features Rayzor , KC , Dunk Ryders , Kanesha Curry , Janet Lawrence , Bad Guy , Desloc , Murk Champ , Ballgreezy , Ice `` Billion '' Berg , Benji Brown , Betty Wright , Jackie Henton , Erin Lynn and Shonie . The first single for the album is `` Why They Jock '' featuring Ice `` Billion '' Berg and Murk Champ , with production from Mizzle Boy . The album debuted at number 34 on The Billboard 200 selling 13,000 copies in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ceb02de4d94eadeaae227bc4150882e", "text": "Finally (Blackstreet album) Finally is the third album from R&B group , Blackstreet . It was their last album on Interscope Records . This album featured new member , Terrell Phillips after the departure of Mark Middleton . After the success of their multi-platinum last album Another Level , their label allowed them more of a bigger budget for the next album . Finally was recorded at Teddy Riley 's studio Future Recording Studios based in Virginia Beach , Virginia . Originally given the working title Get Higher , the album was scheduled for a November 1998 release until it was pushed back to March 1999 . The album boasted high-profile guests , such as Janet Jackson , Stevie Wonder and Hezekiah Walker . The album also featured several songs with string arrangements from legendary conductor Jeremy Lubbock . The music video for the single `` Girlfriend/Boyfriend '' was directed by Joseph Kahn . Complete with computer animation and 3D graphics , the video was considered to be one of the most expensive at the time . Finally was critically acclaimed but a commercial disappointment , moving units at only a fraction of what their previous album sold . Shortly after the release of the single `` Think About You '' , Riley left Blackstreet to reform his previous group Guy and Blackstreet were subsequently dropped by Interscope Records . Despite the album 's failure , a couple of songs have been covered by other artists . British singer Sonique covered the song `` Drama '' on her album Hear My Cry as a duet with R&B singer Calvin Richardson . Korean pop group SS501 later covered the song `` In A Rush '' live in one of their concert performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0376aa4d902f5864f54a33c1815b4781", "text": "Next Level (Ayumi Hamasaki album) Next Level ( capitalized as NEXT LEVEL ) is the tenth studio album by Japanese recording artist Ayumi Hamasaki . It was released on March 25 , 2009 by Avex Trax . It was also released just a little over a year after her 2008 album , Guilty . Next Level marks Hamasaki 's tenth consecutive album to be fully produced by Japanese producer and manager Max Matsuura , while she contributes to the album as the lead vocalist , background vocalist , and songwriter to all songs . Recorded in Japanese language with minor phrases in English , Next Level is an electronic album with numerous musical elements such as J-pop , rock , dance pop , and traditional Asian music . Five different formats were released to promote the album ; a standalone CD , a CD and DVD bundle , a double album and DVD bundle , a USB format , and a global digital release . The five formats have different artworks that were issued for the album ; all have Hamasaki posing in a small room surrounded by televisions . Upon the album 's release , it was met with mixed to favourable reviews from music critics . Critics commended the album 's production and its approach to western pop music . However , some criticized the album 's lack of direction and regressive composition . Commercially , Next Level was a success . Next Level became Hamasaki 's ninth studio album to reach the top spot on Japan 's Oricon Albums Chart , and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan ( RIAJ ) for shipments of 500,000 units . The album charted on Korean and Taiwanese Albums Chart . Two singles were released from Next Level , including one promotional . Its lead a-side single `` Days/Green '' was a commercial success , peaking at number one on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart , while `` Days '' peaked at the top spot on the Japan Hot 100 chart . The album 's second and final a-side single , `` Rule/Sparkle '' , was a commercial success ; it peaked at number one on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart , while `` Rule '' peaked at the top spot on the Japan Hot 100 chart . The album 's only promotional single , the title track , reached number 89 on the Japan Hot 100 chart , and 23 on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart . Hamasaki promoted the album on her 2009 Next Level tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2513f52a3038a945652ce419731f0403", "text": "Dance Again... the Hits Dance Again ... the Hits is the first greatest hits album of American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . It was released on July 20 , 2012 , by Epic Records , to coincide with the launch of her first world tour , the Dance Again World Tour . Lopez previously conceived plans for a greatest hits album in 2009 , but instead opted to use the material recorded for her seventh studio album , Love ? , which was released by Island Records in May 2011 after her departure from Epic Records in 2010 . As Lopez owed the label one last album to fulfill her contract , she began work on a new greatest hits album in November 2011 . She later became unsure whether she wanted to go along with plans to release a greatest hits album or a new studio album , eventually deciding on the former . Dance Again ... the Hits comprises eleven previously released tracks , and two new recordings : `` Dance Again '' and `` Goin ' In '' . A deluxe edition of the album was also released , featuring three additional previously released tracks , and a DVD featuring a selection of eleven music videos . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised it as a reflection of Lopez 's success . Some critics expressed their disappointment in the absence of several successful singles , but deemed this as impressive , noting that this may have been due to the large volume of hit singles she has released over the years . Dance Again ... The Hits was a moderate commercial success , peaking within the top ten in fourteen national charts , and the top twenty in ten national charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90c07204e1d93498dda80abda30ac8b0", "text": "January Low Wye San January Low Wye San ( born 23 August 1985 ) is a Malaysian Indian Classical dancer of Chinese Indian descent . She specializes in the classical dance forms of Orissi and Bharathanatyam . Dancing under the tutelage of guru Ramli Ibrahim since she was 8 , she developed into a promising artist and was soon labeled his protégé . She had her arangetram ( solo graduation dance ) when she was 18 and went to receive the 2003 Kakiseni Award for Best Solo Performer for her performance . Since then she has toured around the world with the Sutra Dance Theatre , performing in Sydney , New York , Ukaraine , Paris , India , Italy and Malaysia . She also appeared in Malaysian musician Pete Teo 's national unity music video `` Here in My Home last '' in 2008 , starring alongside 49 other personalities , including football pundit Shebby Singh , Air Asia chief executive officer Datuk Seri Tony Fernandes , model Amber Chia , comedian Harith Iskander and actors Maya Karin . She has appeared in various magazines , most recently on the cover of Tatler Malaysia 's May 2009 arts issue . In May 2009 , she resigned from Sutra Dance Theatre and is in Seoul till November as part of a residency program in conjunction with the Seoul International Dance Festival to be held in South Korea later this year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eebc0d8e5d0f35a6c868aead0f88acc8", "text": "List of most streamed songs in the United Kingdom In June 2014 , the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) started including audio streams in the official UK Singles Chart , recognising their importance as an indicator of current popular trends and tastes in music . From this point onward , the popularity of a single or album track can be measured by both sales ( which include paid downloads ) and streams on officially recognised subscription and ad-funded on-demand services . Although the OCC added these figures to the chart in July 2014 , they started compiling them in May 2012 through the Official Audio Streaming Chart . They are taken from on-demand audio streaming services such as Spotify , Apple Music , Google Play Music , Deezer and Tidal , all of which are members of the Entertainment Retailers Association ( ERA ) . As of December 2016 , the most streamed song in the UK was `` One Dance '' by Drake , with over 142 million streams . In June 2016 , `` Sorry '' by Justin Bieber became the first song to pass 100 million streams . By September 2016 , it had been joined by two other Bieber songs : `` Love Yourself '' and `` What Do You Mean ? '' as well as `` One Dance '' ( the first song to achieve 100 million streams in a calendar year ) . The song with the most streams in one week is `` Shape of You '' by Ed Sheeran in chart week ending 16 March 2017 with 14.2 million , beating its own previous best of 13.4 million in week ending 19 January 2017 . `` Castle on the Hill '' also by Sheeran is the only other song to get more than 10 million streams in a week with 11.07 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24552b0861dd278f53d82a6514a7c56b", "text": "List of number-one dance singles of 2003 (Australia) The ARIA Dance Chart is a chart that ranks the best-performing dance singles of Australia . It is published by Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , an organisation who collect music data for the weekly ARIA Charts . To be eligible to appear on the chart , the recording must be a single , and be `` predominantly of a dance nature , or with a featured track of a dance nature , or included in the ARIA Club Chart or a comparable overseas chart '' . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78419830e4f862568658c10a1d4f3d58", "text": "Dance My Generation `` Dance My Generation '' is a single by Japanese band Golden Bomber . It was released on January 1 , 2013 . It debuted in number one on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart and reached number one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 . It was the 34th best-selling single in Japan in 2013 , with 177,565 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "606e5ddcb0eb670c711c986ea4821386", "text": "Dream into Action Dream into Action is the second studio album by the British pop musician Howard Jones . It was released in March 1985 and reached No. 2 in the UK Album Charts . The album also reached the top ten in the US . The album went gold and platinum in many countries including the US and UK . The album contained the hit singles `` Things Can Only Get Better '' ( UK # 6 , US # 5 ) , `` Look Mama '' ( UK # 10 ) , `` Life in One Day '' ( UK # 14 , US # 19 ) , and `` Like to Get to Know You Well '' ( UK # 4 ) though this was not included on the original UK vinyl or cassette editions . The version of `` No One Is to Blame '' that is featured on this album is not the hit single version ; this song was entirely re-recorded in a substantially re-arranged version by Phil Collins for single release . The re-recorded version of `` No One Is to Blame '' reached # 16 in the UK and # 4 in the US in 1986 . In 2010 , the album was remastered and re-released along with Jones ' debut album Human 's Lib . A huge world tour accompanied the albums original release with Jones playing Wembley Arena and the Birmingham O2 Academy in the UK , and arena size venues in the US , Europe and Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "408db0ee348d25f31d9de0a2f046cc65", "text": "List of UK top 10 singles in 1989 The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom . Before 2004 , the chart was only based on the sales of physical singles with airplay figures and digital downloads excluded from the official chart . This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 1989 , as well as songs which peaked in 1988 and 1990 but were in the top 10 in 1989 . The entry date is when the song appeared in the top 10 for the first time . One-hundred and forty-five singles were in the top ten in 1989 . Eight singles from 1988 remained in the top 10 for several weeks at the beginning of the year . `` Especially for You '' by Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan , `` Crackers International '' by Erasure , `` Suddenly '' by Angry Anderson , `` Good Life '' by Inner City '' and `` Loco in Acapulco '' by The Four Tops all first charted in 1988 but reached their peak in 1989 . Thirty-six artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45714a60b3a73c13c8bfe9f1086a69c9", "text": "Higher (Erik Grönwall song) Higher is a Swedish English language single by Erik Grönwall , winner of the Swedish version of Idol in its sixth season in 2009 . He sang the winning song when he was declared winner on December 11 , 2009 . The single taken from his debut self-titled album Erik Grönwall went straight to # 1 on the Swedish Single Charts on 18 December 2009 and stayed at number for 5 weeks ( 18 and 25 December 2009 and 1 , 8 and 15 January 2010 ) making it both the Swedish Christmas and the New Year number one . After being toppled from top position for one week by Lady Gaga 's Bad Romance on the charts of 22 January 2010 , the song returned once again to the top on the chart dated 29 January 2010 for a 6th week at # 1 . The song is written by Pär Westerlund and Joakim Olovsson . It was sung in the final by both Erik Grönwall and runner-up Calle Kristiansson . The song is included in Erik Grönwall 's self-titled album Erik Grönwall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb2cefa27e5f5cfca3d772bd2acd17b", "text": "List of Single Top 100 number-one singles of 2011 Throughout all 52 weeks in 2011 , 31 songs topped the Mega Single Top 100 . The Single Top 100 is a chart composed by MegaCharts based on official physical single sales and legal downloads , and one of the three official Dutch record charts , the two others being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 50 . The first number-one hit on the chart in 2011 was Martin Solveig and Dragonette 's `` Hello '' , and the last was Studio Killers ' `` Ode to the Bouncer '' . Artists and acts that had or were featured in at least one song that topped the Mega Single Top 100 that year for at least one week were Martin Solveig , Dragonette , Jan Smit , Ben Saunders , Dean Saunders , Adele , 3JS , Lady GaGa , Nick & Simon , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Do , Coldplay , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Lucenzo , Big Ali , Don Omar , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , The Voice of Holland , Gers Pardoel , Jeroen van der Boom , Metropole Orkest ( Dutch : The Metropole Orchestra ) , Birdy , Sandro Silva , Quintino and Studio Killers . Out of these acts , 20 of them , Dean Saunders , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Don Amor , Big Ali , Lucenzo , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Simon Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , Birdy , Quintino , Sandro , and Studio Killers , achieved their first number-one single on the chart that year , either as lead or featured artist . Two artists , Jan Simit and Adele , had 2 songs that went number one . 23 singles that topped the chart were solo songs , while eight others were collaborations . One of Adele 's songs , `` Rolling in the Deep '' , was the best-performing single of 2011 , topping the Single Top 100 's 2011 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "436b51088c772c92fb538581c400e4ee", "text": "Once More (Spandau Ballet album) Once More is the seventh studio album by British band Spandau Ballet . It was released by Mercury Records on 19 October 2009 in UK and Ireland . The album includes eleven re-recordings from their back catalogue and two newly written songs . The first single , the title track `` Once More '' , one of the two brand new songs , was released as a promotional single on 5 October 2009 and as a digital download on the same day as the album was released . The music video for `` Once More '' was filmed . The album entered at number 7 on the UK Album Chart on 25 October 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8049dd6b56b64cc0a89b80699f32f2da", "text": "2002 in British music charts This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom , including the official charts from that year . In 2002 , as in the previous year , there were 30 songs that reached the top of the charts . Although there were numerous songs that remained at the top for only a week , several managed to carry out runs of 2 or more weeks , none achieving above 4 . The UK also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the UK singles chart . After the Popstars phenomenon of the previous year , the UK became obsessed with talent show winners and the new show Pop Idol became a huge success . The year was thought of as the 2nd Golden Age of Hip-Hop music with many successful artists with Eminem coming out at top once again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dab9947ccfbc33db1d18211799aaa244", "text": "List of number-one dance singles of 2014 (U.S.) The U.S. Dance Club Songs chart is published weekly by Billboard . It compiles the weeks most popular songs from a sample of reporting DJ 's around the country . The first number-one song of 2014 was `` Unconditionally '' by Katy Perry . With remixes by Syn Cole , Manufactured Superstars , Tracy Young and Country Club Martini Crew , it became her twelfth consecutive chart topper , extending her own record for the most number-ones in a row in the thirty-seven year history of the chart . Perry achieved a further three number one singles during the year -- `` Dark Horse '' featuring Juicy J , `` Birthday '' and `` This Is How We Do '' -- with the last becoming her record-extending fifteenth consecutive number-one . Beyoncé was one of three acts to top the chart three times , beginning with `` Blow '' , then `` Partition '' and her twenty-second in total , `` Pretty Hurts '' . Iggy Azalea and Dave Audé achieved three number-ones ; the former with `` Fancy '' featuring Charli XCX , `` Black Widow '' featuring Rita Ora and `` Booty '' , a collaboration with Jennifer Lopez , and Audé with `` Take Me Away '' , `` Aftermath ( Here We Go ) '' and `` Hustlin . Demi Lovato topped the chart twice with `` Neon Lights '' and `` Really Do n't Care '' featuring Cher Lloyd . `` Somebody Loves You '' became Betty Who 's first song to top the chart . Fedde Le Grand and Gregor Salto produced remixes of Mariah Carey 's song `` You 're Mine ( Eternal ) '' , garnering the singer her seventeenth number-one since she first topped the chart with `` Someday '' in 1991 . `` Painkillr '' , by Erika Jayne , became her seventh consecutive number-one on the chart . In addition to `` Black Widow '' , Ora 's own `` I Will Never Let You Down '' topped the chart in June . Enrique Iglesias became the male artist with the most number-one songs in history , with `` Bailando '' featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente de Zona becoming his thirteenth . `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' , a song by Shakira featuring Rihanna , became the former 's sixth and the latter 's twenty-second number-one in April , making Rihanna the second artist with the most entries after Madonna . Shakira also topped the chart with `` Dare ( La La La ) '' in July . Zhu 's song `` Faded '' topped the chart on December 20 . A writer for Complex was surprised that the song only reached number-one in December despite being commercially released in September , writing `` While I 'd love to say that it 's because the song is just that damn good ( which it is ) , Billboard says it 's been helped by the number of remixes from Odesza , Amtrac , and The Magician . '' `` Never Say Never '' by Basement Jaxx became the most-played track of the year from the national sample , ranking atop the Dance Club Songs 2014 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbb3ec52ed29e2e727c9a664b95402a7", "text": "I'm Too Sexy `` I 'm Too Sexy '' is the debut song by British group Right Said Fred . The single peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart . Outside the United Kingdom , `` I 'm Too Sexy '' topped the charts in six countries , including Australia , Ireland , and the United States . The single equalled the record for the most weeks at number two on the UK Singles Chart without ever topping the chart , staying at number two for six weeks in a row while held back by Bryan Adams ' '' ( Everything I Do ) I Do It for You '' ( this equalled the previous record set by Father Abraham 's 1978 hit `` The Smurf Song '' ) . `` I 'm Too Sexy '' was the act 's first of several hits , particularly in the United Kingdom . They went on to have a number one single on the UK Singles Chart with `` Deeply Dippy '' in April 1992 . In April 2008 , the song was rated No. 49 on `` The 50 Worst Songs Ever ! Watch , Listen and Cringe ! '' by Blender . In 2007 , the song was voted No. 80 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s . In 2011 , it was voted No. 2 on VH1 's 40 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 90s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f188419887cdf58029247a6a53cae954", "text": "Finally (CeCe Peniston song) `` Finally '' is a 1991 song by American musician CeCe Peniston from her debut album , Finally . A dance mix of this song was made , and this remixed version was used in many dance music compilations . `` Finally '' became Peniston 's first ( and biggest ) hit song , peaking at number five on the US Hot 100 in January 1992 and becoming her only US top-ten hit to date . Prior to that , it was also successful on the US Dance chart , where it spent two weeks at number one in late 1991 . In addition , the song peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart in a remixed version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "637a0132a479d3fef8eff77e45abc286", "text": "Dance Away `` Dance Away '' is a song by the English rock band Roxy Music . Released in April 1979 , it was the second single to be taken from their album Manifesto , and became one of the band 's most famous songs , reaching number 2 in the UK and spending a total of 14 weeks on the charts , the longest chart residency of a Roxy Music single . Although it did not make number 1 , it became the ninth biggest selling single in the UK in 1979 . It did make it to number 1 on the Irish Singles Chart and held that position for one week . `` Dance Away '' was originally written by Bryan Ferry for his 1977 solo album In Your Mind , but did not make the final track listing . It was then planned for inclusion on his 1978 album The Bride Stripped Bare , but again was not included . It was finally completed and released on Roxy Music 's Manifesto , the band 's first studio album in four years . The single version was a different shorter edit and mix compared to the original album version . As with their next single `` Angel Eyes '' , the single version of `` Dance Away '' replaced the album version in subsequent releases . While the 1999 re-mastered version of the `` Manifesto '' album restored the original version of `` Angel Eyes '' , it still retained the single mix of `` Dance Away '' in place of the original , making the Thrill of It All box set the only release on which the LP version of the song could be found , until the release of the box set The Complete Studio Recordings 1972-1982 in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
c5c0b5f7023228cb694343d806912176
Serena Williams is a tennis player.
[ { "docid": "eec5b8be213a5ade833541b4e0836b99", "text": "Serena Williams Serena Jameka Williams ( born September 26 , 1981 ) is an American professional tennis player . The Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) has ranked her world no. 1 in singles on eight occasions , from 2002 to 2017 . She became the world no. 1 for the first time on July 8 , 2002 . On the sixth occasion , she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks , tying the record set by Steffi Graf for the most consecutive weeks as world no. 1 by a female tennis player . In total , she has been world no. 1 for 319 weeks , which ranks her third in the Open Era among female tennis players . Williams ' accomplishments and success in professional tennis have led some commentators , players , and sports writers to regard her as the greatest female tennis player of all time . Williams holds the most Grand Slam titles in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles combined amongst active players . Her record of 39 Grand Slam titles puts her third on the all-time list and second in the open era : 23 in singles , 14 in women 's doubles , and 2 in mixed doubles . She is the most recent female player to have held all four Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously ( 2002 -- 03 and 2014 -- 15 ) and the third player to achieve this record twice after Rod Laver and Steffi Graf . She is also the most recent player , together with her sister Venus Williams , to have held all four Grand Slam women 's doubles titles simultaneously ( 2009 -- 10 ) . Her total of 23 Grand Slam singles titles marks the record for the most Grand Slam wins by a tennis player in the Open Era , and is second on the all-time list behind Margaret Court ( 24 ) . She is the only tennis player in history ( man or woman ) to have won singles titles at least six times in three of the four Grand Slam tournaments , and the only player ever to have won two of the four Grand Slams seven times each ( seven Wimbledon titles and seven Australian Open titles ) . She is also the only tennis player to have won 10 Grand Slam singles titles in two separate decades . She has won an all-time record of 13 Grand Slam singles titles on hardcourt . Williams holds the Open Era record for most titles won at the Australian Open ( 7 ) and shares the Open Era record for most titles won at the US Open with Chris Evert ( 6 ) . She also holds an all-time record for the most singles matches won at the Grand Slams ( man or woman ) with 316 matches ( through the 2017 Australian Open ) . She has won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles with her sister Venus , and the pair are unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals . As a team , she and Venus have the third most women 's doubles grand slam titles , behind the 18 titles of Natasha Zvereva ( 14 with Gigi Fernández ) and the record 20 titles won by Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver . Williams is also a five-time winner of the WTA Tour Championships in the singles division . Serena has also won four Olympic gold medals , one in women 's singles and three in women 's doubles -- an all-time record shared with her sister , Venus . The arrival of the Williams sisters has been credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour . Williams was the highest paid female athlete in 2016 , earning $ 28.9 million in prize money and endorsements . She has won the Laureus Sportswoman of the Year award three times ( 2003 , 2010 , 2016 ) , and in December 2015 , she was named Sportsperson of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "88bf601ad0d90dd82be22141c3de2557", "text": "2013 French Open – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion . Sharapova advanced to the final before losing to Serena Williams 4 -- 6 , 4 -- 6 in her second French Open final , as well as her 16th major overall title . Williams ' victory earned her a multiple slam set in Women 's Singles . Future champion Garbiñe Muguruza entered the main draw in the competition for the first time , she lost to Jelena Janković in the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6b1f9dd2b5b596f60116130a542a82", "text": "Grand Slam Cup The Grand Slam Cup was a tennis tournament held annually at the Olympiahalle in Munich in Germany from 1990 through 1999 . The event was organized by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , which invited the best-performing players in the year 's Grand Slam events to compete in the Grand Slam Cup . The tournament was created in 1990 and was played on indoor carpet courts . From 1990 to 1996 , it was held in December but was moved to the middle of autumn from 1997 to 1999 . From 1990 to 1997 the tournament was limited to male players . A women 's Cup was added in 1998 and was held simultaneously with the men 's Cup . Throughout its existence , the Grand Slam Cup was famous for paying out the highest prize money of any tournament in tennis . The winner for the first three years of the Cup received US$ 2 million in prize money , which dipped to $ 1.625 million in 1993 , rose to $ 1.875 million in 1996 and back to $ 2 million in 1997 before falling to $ 1.3 million in 1998 . If the Cup was won by a player who had also won a Grand Slam event that year they received a bonus of $ 1 million . Prize money for the winner of the two women 's Cups was fixed at $ 800,000 . The Cup was not recognized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the course of its run , and participants did not receive points in the ATP computer rankings nor have it credited as an official career title . Following the discontinuation of the Cup in 1999 , the ATP decided to give the event full recognition and added it to players ' lists of official titles . A compromise between the ITF and the ATP was announced on December 9 , 1999 which merged the Cup with the ATP Tour World Championship , the ATP 's year-end tournament also held annually in Germany , giving birth to the ATP World Tour Finals , an official tour event . A direct result of the merging of the two competitions can still be seen in the qualification rules for the ATP World Tour Finals , which included one notable difference from those of the ATP Tour World Championship . The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season , even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year . Present Finals rules ensure the participation of a Grand Slam champion who is unable to earn a top eight ranking at the end of the season and automatic qualification for the top seven players in the computer rankings . The eighth ranked player , however , qualifies only if all Grand Slam singles champions are among the top eight . Any Grand Slam event champion who is not in the top eight but is still in the top twenty is included to the detriment of the eighth ranked player . This situation occurred at the 2004 Tennis Masters Cup , where Andre Agassi , the 8th ranked player in the ATP Champions Race , was excluded from the event in favor of Gastón Gaudio , who had won that year 's French Open but was ranked 10th at the end of the year . Pete Sampras was the most successful player at this event winning two titles out of three final appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60b3c151c1eff13b97489b6dfaff8f29", "text": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the two-time defending champion but lost to her sister Serena in the final 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 3 ) , 6 -- 2 . Serena had come from match point down in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd07129cc11438544f22ee058530334", "text": "2017 WTA Tour The 2017 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for the 2017 tennis season . The 2017 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , the WTA Premier tournaments ( Premier Mandatory , Premier 5 , and regular Premier ) , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the year-end championships ( the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy ) . Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "632337756c5fed699c255ace37c362a1", "text": "Claudia Williams Claudia Williams ( born 29 February 1996 in Wellington ) is a New Zealand tennis player . Williams has won one doubles title on the ITF tour in her career . On 8 June 2015 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 873 . On 5 January 2015 , she peaked at world number 701 in the doubles rankings . Williams made her WTA tour debut at the 2013 ASB Classic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e00f468a020b19ffcd0509c55d2d64ca", "text": "2003 Hopman Cup The 2003 Hopman Cup ( also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons ) was the fifteenth edition of the Hopman Cup tennis sporting event , held on 28 December 2002 through 4 January 2003 at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth , Australia . The champions are Serena Williams and James Blake of the United States , who defeated Alicia Molik and Lleyton Hewitt of Australia in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b0239d3986e7f3a68ea74a5f00263b9", "text": "2013 US Open Series In tennis , the 2013 US Open Series ( known as Emirates Airline US Open Series for sponsorships reasons ) was the tenth edition of the US Open Series , which included ten hard court tournaments that started on July 20 , 2013 in Atlanta and concluded in Winston-Salem for the men and in New Haven for the women on August 24 , 2013 . This edition consisted of four separate men 's tournaments and four women 's tournaments , with the Western & Southern Open hosting both a men 's and women 's event . The series was headlined by two ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and two WTA Premier 5 events . Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams were the US Open Series winners , making them eligible for a $ 1 million bonus if either also won the US Open , a feat which they both accomplished , hence receiving the largest paychecks to date for a single tennis tournament , totalling $ 3.6 million each .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9b53a8a91c35a50baba435c4f4093a", "text": "2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 134th edition of the US Open , the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center . Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men 's event ; however , on 18 August , the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury , while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women 's event . In the men 's singles competition , Marin Čilić won his maiden grand slam title ; while , Serena Williams won her Open era record tying sixth title in the women 's singles competition tying Chris Evert , and it was her eighteenth grand slam title tying Evert and Martina Navratilova . Winning the men 's doubles , Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan became the most victorious doubles team in Open era history at the tournament , and this was the team 's 100th title together and sixteenth grand slam title tying Todd Woodbridge for the Open era record . Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina won women 's doubles competition title , becoming two-time grand slam champions with their victory at the 2013 French Open . The winning mixed doubles team was Sania Mirza and Bruno Soares , and for Mirza it was her third mixed doubles grand slam title in her career and Soares ' second grand slam title for his career . It was Soares ' second US Open title in mixed doubles , and it was the first for Mirza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c98f5ca9a8cc57f81d449e0bbb6d052", "text": "Grunting in tennis Grunting in tennis is the very loud noise , sometimes described as `` shrieking '' or `` screaming '' , made by some players while hitting their shots . It is prominent in both men 's and women 's tennis . Many players and spectators find it to be distracting or obnoxious above a certain sound level . Monica Seles and Jimmy Connors are generally considered as the `` grunt creator '' in the women 's and men 's games respectively . Examples of contemporary tennis players who notably grunt are Serena Williams , Venus Williams , Maria Sharapova , Victoria Azarenka , Rafael Nadal , Novak Djokovic , David Ferrer and Gustavo Kuerten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d510a932d9120553b97f7df47e1f51af", "text": "2003 US Open – Women's Singles The women 's singles competition at the 2003 US Open started on Monday , August 25 , 2003 in New York City . Justine Henin-Hardenne was the Champion defeating compatriot Kim Clijsters in the final , 7-5 , 6-1 . Henin-Hardenne dropped only one set in the whole tournament and that was to American Jennifer Capriati in the semi-finals . Serena Williams was the defending champion but withdrew due to injury . Future champion Flavia Pennetta entered her first US Open appearance in the main draw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b2c40692436e546306846747fcd36f", "text": "2008 Pilot Pen Tennis The 2008 Pilot Pen Tennis was a combined men 's and women 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 40th edition of the Pilot Pen Tennis , and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour , and of the Tier II Series of the 2008 WTA Tour . It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven , United States , from August 15 through August 23 , 2008 . The men 's field was headlined by ATP No. 13 , Nottingham runner-up and Umag champion Fernando Verdasco , Cincinnati Masters semifinalist and Nottingham titlist Ivo Karlović , and winner of back-to-back titles in Stuttgart , Kitzbühel , Los Angeles and Washington Juan Martín del Potro . Other top seeds are Gstaad and Umag finalist Igor Andreev , Viña del Mar and Pörtschach runner-up Juan Mónaco , Marin Čilić , Andreas Seppi and Mardy Fish . The women 's draw was led by WTA No. 10 , Rome Tier I semifinalist and Paris champion Anna Chakvetadze , Australian Open semifinalist and Indian Wells Tier I quarterfinalist Daniela Hantuchová , and Paris , Eastbourne and Montreal semifinalist , Standford finalist Marion Bartoli . Also competing are Paris finalist Ágnes Szávay , Bangalore runner-up Patty Schnyder , Flavia Pennetta , Alizé Cornet and Dominika Cibulková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5890804d44a454d2f95743b000b1860", "text": "2009 Wimbledon Championships The 2009 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon , London , from Monday 22 June through to Sunday 5 July 2009 . It was the 123rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships , and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year . Rafael Nadal did not defend his title after withdrawing from the tournament due to knee tendinitis . Roger Federer won his 6th Wimbledon title defeating rival Andy Roddick in the final in five sets . Federer 's victory marked his fifteenth Grand Slam title which broke the men 's all-time record . Venus Williams was unsuccessful in her title defence , being defeated in the final by her sister Serena , who won her first Wimbledon in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a290e74b3f96504d75947b995bedd9b", "text": "Pam Teeguarden Pam Teeguarden ( born April 17 , 1951 ) is a former American professional tennis player in the 1970s and 1980s , ranked in the top 20 from 1970 -- 1975 , according to John Dolan 's Women 's Tennis Ultimate Guide , prior to computer rankings . She won two Grand Slam Doubles Titles and was a quarter finalist in singles at the U.S. Open and The French Open . Her father Jerry , a well known coach , helped Margaret Court win the coveted Grand Slam ( all four Grand Slam titles in one year ) in 1970 and Virginia Wade to her 1977 Wimbledon triumph . Teeguarden was voted the `` Most Watchable Player '' based on play and appearance by a group of Madison Avenue advertising executives or `` Mad Men '' while playing at the US Open . Teeguarden played in 19 consecutive US Opens , holding the record until Chris Evert played in 20 . She wore the first all black outfit in the history of tennis in 1975 at The Bridgestone Doubles Championships in Tokyo , starting a trend that is still popular today . Teeguarden was the first woman tennis player signed by Nike . She played on the victorious Los Angeles Strings Team Tennis team in 1981 and won the Team Tennis Mixed Doubles Division with Tom Gullikson in 1977 ; they were also runners-up in the league that year . Teeguarden won two grand slam titles : US Open Mixed in 1974 ( with Geoff Masters ) French Open in 1977 ( with Regina Maršíková ) Among Teeguarden 's doubles titles are the Canadian Open Doubles , the Swedish Open Doubles , the Austrian Open Doubles , the Argentinian Open Doubles , the Women 's Games Doubles in Salt Lake City , and the Virginia Slims of Tucson Doubles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b4ca5a975ca227dfb17d44adbc44b4", "text": "2017 Australian Open The 2017 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park between 16 -- 29 January 2017 . It was the 105th edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . As in previous years , the tournament 's title sponsor was Kia . Novak Djokovic and Angelique Kerber were the defending champions and both were unsuccessful in their title defense ; they lost to Denis Istomin and Coco Vandeweghe in the second and fourth rounds , respectively . For the first time since the 2004 French Open , both No. 1 seeds lost before the quarterfinals , with both Andy Murray and Kerber defeated in the fourth round . Roger Federer won his eighteenth men 's singles Grand Slam title by defeating Rafael Nadal in a five-set final . It was his first major title since 2012 Wimbledon and a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final , which Nadal won in five sets . Serena Williams overcame her sister Venus in the women 's singles final , surpassing Steffi Graf to become the player with the most major wins in the women 's game in the Open Era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8215daad99c8b48a9b412d6f5e1fd4a7", "text": "2013 Australian Open The 2013 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne , Australia , from 14 to 27 January 2013 . It was the 101st edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam event of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . All four of the main events in singles and same-sex doubles were won by the top seeds -- Novak Djokovic in men 's singles , Victoria Azarenka in women 's singles , Bob and Mike Bryan in men 's doubles , and Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in women 's doubles . This year 's Australian Open was the first Grand Slam event since that tournament 's 2004 edition in which the women 's singles and doubles were won by the top seeds , and the first Grand Slam event since the 1997 Wimbledon Championships in which the men 's and women 's singles and doubles were all won by the top seeds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bf65ea4dbcd3ef494a7b6cb4dbb6ee2", "text": "2009 Sony Ericsson Open The 2009 Sony Ericsson Open ( also known as 2009 Miami Masters ) was a men 's and women 's tennis tournament held from March 23 to April 5 , 2009 . It was the 25th edition of the Miami Masters event and was played on outdoor hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne , Florida , located near Miami . The tournament was part of 2009 ATP World Tour and 2009 WTA Tour , classified as ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and Premier Mandatory event respectively . The men 's singles event was won by British player Andy Murray , who defeated Novak Djokovic in the final . Victoria Azarenka of Belarus won the women 's singles event by defeating defending champion Serena Williams . Both Murray and Azarenka were first-time winners at the tournament and also the first to win from their respective countries . In the doubles events , Max Mirnyi and Andy Ram won the men 's title by defeating the team of Ashley Fisher and Stephen Huss . The women 's doubles title was won by Svetlana Kuznetsova and Amélie Mauresmo who overcame Květa Peschke and Lisa Raymond in the final match .", "title": "" } ]
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efa025292a23a5433d0528c5a7d2d720
Bon Scott was in Fraternity.
[ { "docid": "99e9493674c8a0980026908b3676f84c", "text": "Bon Scott Ronald Belford `` Bon '' Scott ( 9 July 1946 -- 19 February 1980 ) was an Australian rock musician , best known for being the lead singer and lyricist of Australian hard rock band AC/DC from 1974 until his death in 1980 . Scott was born in Forfar , Scotland , and raised in Kirriemuir , before moving to Melbourne with his family in 1952 at the age of six . They lived in the suburb of Sunshine for four years before moving to Fremantle . Scott formed his first band , The Spektors , in 1964 and became the band 's drummer and occasional lead vocalist . He performed in several other bands including The Valentines and Fraternity before replacing Dave Evans as the lead singer of AC/DC in 1974 . AC/DC 's popularity grew throughout the 1970s , initially in Australia , and then internationally . Their 1979 album Highway to Hell reached the top twenty in the United States , and the band seemed on the verge of a commercial breakthrough . However , on 19 February 1980 , Scott died after a night out in London . AC/DC briefly considered disbanding , but the group recruited vocalist Brian Johnson of the British glam rock band Geordie . AC/DC 's subsequent album , Back in Black , was released only five months later , and was a tribute to Scott . It went on to become the second best-selling album in history . In the July 2004 issue of Classic Rock , Scott was rated as number one in a list of the `` 100 Greatest Frontmen Of All Time '' ahead of Freddie Mercury and Robert Plant . Hit Parader ranked Scott as fifth on their 2006 list of the 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Vocalists of all time .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "59ea435ad7bf642de6268f987938f78c", "text": "Winfield Scott (chaplain) Winfield Scott ( February 26 , 1837 -- October 19 , 1910 ) was an American Baptist minister , military officer , and politician . Shortly after graduating from seminary and taking his first job as a pastor , he left his church to lead a company during the American Civil War . Injuries sustained on the battlefield eventually led to his discharge from the military . Following the war , Scott moved to Kansas where he grew one church and established several others . He continued in ministerial and evangelical efforts in Colorado and California before becoming an U.S. Army chaplain . After retiring from the army , Scott moved to the Salt River Valley where he founded and was active in the early promotion of Scottsdale , Arizona . Despite being an ordained minister , Scott preferred the style `` Chaplain , U.S.A. '' to `` Reverend '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e1dcafa2b09fc464d877bc41cfa89e7", "text": "Cecil Scott Cecil Scott ( November 22 , 1905 in Springfield , Ohio -- January 5 , 1964 in New York City ) was an American jazz clarinetist , tenor saxophonist , and bandleader . Scott played as a teenager with his brother , drummer Lloyd Scott . They played together as co-leaders through the end of the 1920s , holding residencies in Ohio , Pittsburgh , and in New York City at the Savoy Ballroom . Among the members of this ensemble were Dicky Wells , Frankie Newton , Bill Coleman , Roy Eldridge , Johnny Hodges , and Chu Berry . Cecil took full control over the group in 1929 , though Lloyd continued to manage the group . Scott was hurt badly in an accident in the early 1930s , and his career was temporarily sidelined . After his recovery he played with Ellsworth Reynolds in 1932-33 and then with Teddy Hill ( from 1936 ) , Clarence Williams , and Teddy Wilson ( 1936 -- 37 ) ; in the latter gig he accompanied Billie Holiday . In the early 1940s he played with Alberto Socarras , Red Allen , Willie `` The Lion '' Smith before assembling his own band in 1942 , which at times included Hot Lips Page and Art Hodes . He also played with Slim Gaillard later in the 1940s . In 1950 he disbanded the group , and worked with Jimmy McPartland as a sideman . He occasionally led groups and continued to play as a sideman up until the time of his death in 1964 . He is credited on some 75 albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87846bb2d76610f50113db1dfc25c8ac", "text": "Ride On (AC/DC song) `` Ride On '' is a song and single by Australian hard rock band AC/DC originally released on the album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap and later re-released on the album Who Made Who . In both versions , the song is sung by Bon Scott . Atypically for an AC/DC song , it has a sad , slow blues , almost ballad-like feel to it . The lyrics concern a man reflecting on mistakes he has made in a relationship while drinking alcohol . It has frequently been cited as one of AC/DC 's best songs . `` Ride On '' was covered by the French band Trust on their self-titled 1979 debut album after supporting AC/DC in Paris , France in the fall of 1978 . Bon Scott jammed the song with Trust at Scorpio Sound Studios in London , England on February 13 , 1980 , six days before his death . A recording of it would later surface on the Bon Scott Forever Volume 1 bootleg . AC/DC has played the song live only once , on June 22 , 2001 , at Stade de France , Saint-Denis , during the Stiff Upper Lip Tour . Brian Johnson sang the song as a tribute to Bon Scott .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f60dae2408318da542dbeca1427a080", "text": "Lambda Chi Alpha Lambda Chi Alpha is a college fraternity in North America , which was founded in 1909 . It is one of the largest men 's fraternities , having initiated more than 280,000 members with active chapters and colonies at 195 universities . Lambda Chi Alpha was founded by Warren A. Cole , while he was a student at Boston University . The youngest of the fifteen largest social fraternities , Lambda Chi Alpha has initiated the third highest number of men ever , based on NIC statistics . Lambda Chi 's International Headquarters is located in Indianapolis , Indiana . Its members are referred to as `` Lambda Chis , '' `` LCAs , '' and `` Lambdas . '' It was a member of the North-American Interfraternity Conference ( NIC ) until October , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0c4ba8f56cad67fd8f3b092d99b5675", "text": "Zeta Chi Zeta Chi ( ZX ) is a fraternity located at Baker University in Baldwin City , KS . It claims to be the oldest independent fraternity in the western United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7400c3f7e08c2562249a500cad6c4ed4", "text": "Bona Drag Bona Drag is a compilation album by Morrissey released on 15 October 1990 . The album features an array of Morrissey 's most popular songs from his early solo career , most of which had not been released on any previous album . The album name meaning nice outfits is an example of the subculture slang Polari explored further on the album 's first track `` Piccadilly Palare '' . The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on 6 December 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd6f1f790f815f748c7c0f0f25d5f823", "text": "Wofford College Wofford College , established in 1854 , is an independent , national liberal arts college of around 1,692 students located in downtown Spartanburg , South Carolina , United States . The historic 175 acre campus is recognized as a national arboretum and is one of the few four-year institutions in the southeastern United States founded before the American Civil War that still operates on its original campus . The College features `` The Village , '' which provides distinctive apartment-style housing for seniors . It is listed on the President 's Community Service Honor Roll . Additionally , The Institute of International Education , in its annual `` Open Doors '' report states that the College provides study abroad opportunities for its students . It is best known for its strong academic programs in pre-medical and pre-law studies . Wofford was founded with a bequest of $ 100,000 from the Rev. Benjamin Wofford ( 1780 -- 1850 ) , a Methodist minister and Spartanburg native who sought to create a college for `` literary , classical , and scientific education in my native district of Spartanburg . '' The college 's Main Building is the oldest structure on campus and was designed by the noted Charleston architect Edward C. Jones . In 1941 , the college was awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa , the nation 's oldest academic honor society , and the Beta of South Carolina chapter was the first at a private college in South Carolina . The academic year consists of a four-month fall semester , a one-month January term called the Interim , and a four-month spring semester . Wofford is ranked 77th in US News & World Report 's list of the best national liberal arts colleges , a ranking that has improved in the last 10 years . In 2010 , Forbes ranked it 58th on its Forbes List of America 's 650 Best Colleges . Wofford 's colors are old gold and black . The school mascot is the Terrier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3d1b817cb2ad855bc8bd90a537d6ec9", "text": "Cafe au Go Go The Cafe au Go Go was a Greenwich Village night club located in the basement of 152 Bleecker Street . The club featured many well known musical groups , folksingers and comedy acts between the opening in February 1964 until closing in October 1969 . The club was originally owned by Howard Solomon who sold it in June 1969 to Moses Baruch . Baruch closed the club in October 1969 . Howard Solomon became the manager of singer Fred Neil . The club was the first New York City venue for the Grateful Dead . Richie Havens and the Blues Project were weekly regulars as well as Harvey Brooks who was bass player in residence , The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt played frequently . The Grateful Dead played 10 times in 1967 and 3 in 1969 . Jimi Hendrix sat in with blues harp player James Cotton there in 1968 . Van Morrison , Tim Hardin , Tim Buckley , Joni Mitchell , Judy Collins , Howlin ' Wolf , Muddy Waters , John Lee Hooker , Oscar Brown , Jr. , the Youngbloods , the Siegel-Schwall Band , John Hammond , Jr. , The Paul Butterfield Blues Band , Michael Bloomfield , Jefferson Airplane , Cream , The Chambers Brothers , Canned Heat , The Fugs , Odetta , Country Joe and the Fish , The Yardbirds , all played there . Blues legends Lightnin ' Hopkins , Son House , Skip James , Bukka White , and Big Joe Williams performed at the club after being `` rediscovered '' in the '60s . Before many rock groups began performing there , the au Go Go was an oasis for jazz ( Bill Evans , Stan Getz ) , comedy , and folk music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08fe8f66cbcb6fc6c40b7c53a22ebe8", "text": "Randolph Scott George Randolph Scott ( January 23 , 1898 -- March 2 , 1987 ) was an American film actor whose career spanned from 1928 to 1962 . As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career , Scott appeared in a variety of genres , including social dramas , crime dramas , comedies , musicals ( albeit in non-singing and non-dancing roles ) , adventure tales , war films , and a few horror and fantasy films . However , his most enduring image is that of the tall-in-the-saddle Western hero . Out of his more than 100 film appearances over 60 were in Westerns ; thus , `` of all the major stars whose name was associated with the Western , Scott most closely identified with it . '' Scott 's more than 30 years as a motion picture actor resulted in his working with many acclaimed screen directors , including Henry King , Rouben Mamoulian , Michael Curtiz , John Cromwell , King Vidor , Allan Dwan , Fritz Lang , and Sam Peckinpah . He also worked on multiple occasions with prominent directors : Henry Hathaway ( eight times ) , Ray Enright ( seven ) , Edwin L. Marin ( seven ) , André de Toth ( six ) , and most notably , his seven film collaborations with Budd Boetticher . Scott also worked with a diverse array of cinematic leading ladies , from Shirley Temple and Irene Dunne to Mae West and Marlene Dietrich . Tall ( 6 ft 2 1/2 in ; 189 cm ) , lanky and handsome , Scott displayed an easygoing charm and courtly Southern drawl in his early films that helped offset his limitations as an actor , where he was frequently found to be stiff or `` lumbering '' . As he matured , however , Scott 's acting improved while his features became burnished and leathery , turning him into the ideal `` strong , silent '' type of stoic hero . The BFI Companion to the Western noted : In his earlier Westerns ... the Scott persona is debonair , easy-going , graceful , though with the necessary hint of steel . As he matures into his fifties his roles change . Increasingly Scott becomes the man who has seen it all , who has suffered pain , loss , and hardship , and who has now achieved ( but at what cost ? ) a stoic calm proof against vicissitude . During the early 1950s , Scott was a consistent box-office draw . In the annual Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Polls , he ranked 10th in 1950 , seventh in 1951 , and 10th in both 1952 and 1953 . Scott also appeared in the Quigley 's Top Ten Money Makers Poll from 1950 to 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "903de77c658ad183c9a176135e934bd2", "text": "List of Kappa Kappa Psi brothers This is a list of Kappa Kappa Psi brothers , commonly referred to as Psis , and includes undergraduate and honorary members of Kappa Kappa Psi , national honorary fraternity for college bandmembers . Kappa Kappa Psi was founded on November 27 , 1919 , at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College in Stillwater , Oklahoma . Kappa Kappa Psi became a coeducational organization in 1977 , and at the national convention in 1989 , the fraternity voted to call all members `` brothers '' regardless of sex or gender . There are currently 210 active chapters out of 314 chapters that have been chartered since 1919 and 7 colonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fad01607ba9531935ec213f0984d8b0b", "text": "Graduation Graduation is getting a diploma or academic degree or the ceremony that is sometimes associated with it , in which students become graduates . Before the graduation , candidates are referred to as graduands . The date of graduation is often called graduation day . The graduation ceremony itself is also called commencement , convocation or invocation . Normally , the ceremony and name apply to high school and above ( the next ascending levels being Associate 's , Bachelor 's , Master 's , and Doctorate ) . In the United States of America , graduations for elementary school or even Kindergarten have been a fad of recent years . When ceremonies are associated , they usually include a procession of the academic staff and candidates and a valediction . At the college and university level the faculty will usually wear academic dress at the formal ceremonies , as will the trustees and degree candidates . `` Graduation '' at the college and university level occurs when the presiding officer confers degrees upon candidates , either individually or en masse , even if graduates physically receive their diploma later at a smaller college or departmental ceremony . After degree completion , graduates can be referred to by their graduating year . In some places , graduation parties to celebrate graduation from school , college or university are popular . In a recent 2014 nationwide survey in the United States , $ 985 was the average amount spent on graduation parties . When a student graduates without attending the ceremony , then it is called graduation in absentia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6ee2a3177feb7918fd13d23450d54d8", "text": "The Scholars (band) The Scholars were an American band . Like the Nuckle Brothers , No Doubt and Reel Big Fish , they are one of the main founding bands of the Orange County ska scene . The Scholars ' lineup changed on a regular basis . Current and former members of Reel Big Fish Aaron Barrett ( Guitar/Vocals ) , Grant Barry ( Trombone ) and Scott Klopfenstein ( Trumpet/Vocals ) all played in The Scholars . Jay Layafette , a member of the now defunct O.C. ska band called The Forces of Evil , played trumpet for them in their very last days of playing shows . Their singer , Jesse Wilder , fronted a power pop group known as Teen Heroes , and also played Saxophone and Keyboard for The Scholars . He and Scott Klopfenstein later collaborated on a number of projects , including The Littlest Man Band and PAL with Scholars bassist Jake Berry and drummer Greg Parkin . Their only main release , an 8-song demo called I 'm In A Band , can be found on their anthology Last Great Record of The 20th Century on Vegas Records , along with numerous live songs and goofy pre-studio tracks they recorded with a tape deck in their drummer Greg 's garage . They were a hit at the local high school Los Alamitos High School , where they were also students . They opened and headlined shows with more unknown local acts such as Exit Smiling , Leonard 's Lunchbox , The Nuckle Brothers , The Goodwin Club , Suburban Rhythm and others . Scott , Jake , Jesse , and Greg later went on to form The Littlest Man Band along with Dan Regan of Reel Big Fish , and Suburban Legends singer Vince Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf599f95bad6950034bd36b25270a9ca", "text": "22, A Million 22 , A Million is the third studio album by American indie folk band Bon Iver , released on September 30 , 2016 . It was recorded in Justin Vernon 's April Base studio in Eau Claire , Wisconsin , and marked a shift in the band 's sound -- incorporating elements of electronic music , hip-hop , and soul and making extensive use of samples , synths , and effects . First premiered at Vernon 's Eaux Claires Music Festival , the album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 and received widespread acclaim from critics , who praised its original sound and colorful lyricism . Several publications , including Pitchfork , Rolling Stone , and The Guardian , listed 22 , A Million as one of the best albums of 2016 . It also received nominations for Best Alternative Music Album and Best Recording Package at the 2017 Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17146cf163259d89088d16d4c799657e", "text": "Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer The Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer is a Traditional Roman Catholic ( Dominican Rite ) fraternity in full communion with the Holy See .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c0a7e21974e4907a7012238c645510f", "text": "Phil Carson Phil Carson is a former record label owner and London-based Senior Vice President of Atlantic Records from 1968 -- 85 . He is known for his association several rock bands , including Yes , AC/DC , and Twisted Sister . Born in London , he was playing bass guitar in a school band eventually being tapped to play bass for Dusty Springfield . Gravitating toward the business side of music , Carson started at Swedish record label Olga Records . Nesuhi Ertegun hired Carson to run Atlantic in the UK . He cites the Ertegun brothers as mentors , particularly Ahmet , eventually co-producing the Honey Drippers album with Ahmet Ertegun . Carson spent a great deal of time on the road with bands under his purview , most notably Led Zeppelin . He is one of only a handful of people to have jammed onstage with them and the only person to appear onstage with both Led Zeppelin and AC/DC . Carson 's deep connection to AC/DC can be underscored by the fact that he is the only record executive thanked by name on original pressings of `` Back in Black '' and `` For Those About to Rock '' . After leaving Atlantic records , he started a management company with clients who have included Jimmy Page , Robert Plant , Paul Rodgers , Yes , Motorhead , Bonham , Asia , Foreigner , Ben E. King , Bad Company , and others . This is where Carson assembled The Firm the super group featuring Jimmy Page and Paul Rodgers . Carson moved to the US in 1989 to run JVC 's Victory Music . He then headed up the music department at The Shooting Gallery an independent film studio . Here Carson curated the soundtrack for some award-winning films . In the mid-90s Carson retired but kept a few clients in his management roster including Foreigner and Dee Snider .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb4c8206521b765ea4eb53317ca58c9e", "text": "Delta Sigma Rho Delta Sigma Rho is a coeducational secret society at Vassar College . The year of founding is usually reported as 1922 , when a group of eight seniors gathered secretly one moonlit night outside of Rockefeller Hall to pour libations and chant to the school 's founder , Matthew Vassar . The club 's first president was Mary Elizabeth Cannon , class of 1923 . It is based on Cannon that the club formed its stringent criteria for selecting members , who must conform to the model virtues of a well-educated Vassar woman : intelligent , connected , and ambitious . The club operated straightforwardly as a forensics honors sorority through the 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15df28e82b942b966eaa924013eca77d", "text": "Bonkers! Bonkers ! was an ATV variety show , distributed by ITC Entertainment in the United States for syndication during the 1978-79 television season , and later airing in 1979 in the United Kingdom . Made at ATV 's Elstree studios near London . Starring Bob Monkhouse and the Hudson Brothers -- Bill , Brett and Mark -- the show featured sketches , guest stars and musical numbers from the chorus dancers known as The Bonkerettes . Whilst not a big hit for ATV , it gained a cult audience in the United States where it was compared to Saturday Night Live . After four episodes the show was curtailed in the UK by the 13-week-long ITV strike of 1979 and did not reappear when the network restarted broadcasts ; however , production for syndication continued and 24 episodes in total were made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4ccfd032b8bb467a3c60afa4ed633c5", "text": "Eating club An eating club is a social club found in American universities . Eating clubs date to the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are intended to allow college students to enjoy meals and pleasant discourse . Some clubs are referred to as bicker clubs because of the process of bickering over which applicants to accept as members . Replaced largely by the modern fraternity and sorority system , eating clubs are now limited to a few colleges and universities , most notably Princeton University , Davidson College , Mount Olive College , and Reed College in the United States . The origins of such clubs are collegiate dining clubs in the United Kingdom , specifically founded earlier than or contemporarily with the foundation of the early American universities such as The Pitt Club , The Bullingdon Club , and The 16 ' Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "370b1773b4da9a1e1f1e78c33a9dd7bd", "text": "Bon Festival or just is a Japanese Buddhist custom to honor the spirits of one 's ancestors . This Buddhist-Confucian custom has evolved into a family reunion holiday during which people return to ancestral family places and visit and clean their ancestors ' graves , and when the spirits of ancestors are supposed to revisit the household altars . It has been celebrated in Japan for more than 500 years and traditionally includes a dance , known as Bon-Odori . The festival of Obon lasts for three days ; however its starting date varies within different regions of Japan . When the lunar calendar was changed to the Gregorian calendar at the beginning of the Meiji era , the localities in Japan reacted differently and this resulted in three different times of Obon . `` Shichigatsu Bon '' ( `` Bon in July '' ) is based on the solar calendar and is celebrated around 15 July in eastern Japan ( Kantō region such as Tokyo , Yokohama and the Tōhoku region ) , coinciding with Chūgen . `` Hachigatsu Bon '' ( Bon in August ) is based on the lunar calendar , is celebrated around the 15th of August and is the most commonly celebrated time . `` Kyū Bon '' ( Old Bon ) is celebrated on the 15th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar , and so differs each year . `` Kyū Bon '' is celebrated in areas like the northern part of the Kantō region , Chūgoku region , Shikoku , and the Okinawa Prefecture . These three days are not listed as public holidays but it is customary that people are given leave .", "title": "" } ]
fever
b092ea3c8c380ded6e0cf9f04bcef1c3
American Idiot is a Green Day album.
[ { "docid": "bd37439f9611e0d0b8d97dec8132d202", "text": "American Idiot American Idiot is the seventh studio album by American rock band Green Day . Produced by Rob Cavallo , the album was released in the UK on September 20 , 2004 and in the US on September 21 , 2004 by Reprise Records . Green Day first achieved popularity in the 1990s with a string of successful albums . Following disappointing sales of their sixth album , Warning ( 2000 ) , the band took a break before recording their next album , titled Cigarettes and Valentines . The recording process was cut short when the album 's master tapes were stolen . Rather than re-record that material , the group decided to start over . A concept album and the world 's first `` punk rock opera , '' American Idiot follows the story of Jesus of Suburbia , an adolescent anti-hero who is divided between `` rage and love . '' Through its plot , the album expresses the disillusionment and dissent of a generation that came of age in a period shaped by many tumultuous events like the Iraq War . The album was inspired by several musicals and the work of The Who . Recording of American Idiot was split between two California studios between 2003 and 2004 . Its album art depicts a heart-shaped hand grenade . American Idiot marked a career comeback for Green Day following a period of decreased success . It charted in 27 countries , peaking at number one in 19 , and eventually sold 16 million copies worldwide . The album spawned five successful singles : `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , `` Holiday '' , `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' and `` Jesus of Suburbia '' . American Idiot was well received critically and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 2005 . Its success inspired a Broadway musical and an incomplete feature film adaptation . It has been praised in the years following its release , appearing on several year-end and decade-end lists .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "0771bdac877e34fca461ce628d715f0b", "text": "Idiot Pilot Idiot Pilot is an alternative rock duo from Bellingham , Washington , United States consisting of Michael Harris and Daniel Anderson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "484b5c59fa1ac948d6d7ee5e824f20c3", "text": "PAX AM Days PAX AM Days ( stylized as PAX • AM Days ) is an EP by American rock band Fall Out Boy , released on October 15 , 2013 by Island Records and PAX AM . It consists of 1980s and 90s hardcore punk and punk rock influenced tracks recorded during a two-day `` marathon '' session with producer Ryan Adams and the band in July 2013 at PAX AM Studios . The EP was released on CD , digitally and on double 7 '' vinyl as a stand-alone EP , and also on a limited Save Rock and Roll PAX AM Edition ( 2013 ) double-disc reissue . The double 7 '' vinyl pressing was limited to 3,000 , and released on November 29 as part of Record Store Day - Back to Black Friday . Each copy came with a code for a bonus song download , a cover of `` New Dreams '' by Naked Raygun . The code was found stamped into the dead wax of the 7 '' . On September 30 , Fall Out Boy announced the EP and its release date , as well as premiered the first digital single `` Love , Sex , Death '' with its accompanying video . PAX AM Days was the band 's second release in 2013 after the comeback album Save Rock and Roll , and marks a return to their hardcore musical roots with aggressive guitar work , the `` antithesis '' to the polished Save Rock and Roll . Adams reached out to the group at the request of Fall Out Boy 's friend and collaborator Butch Walker . Bassist Pete Wentz commented `` I think there 's a side of our band in our fans that would appreciate some of the noise that Ryan comes up with , and it would be great for the fans to be able to hear that -- hear sort of the raw energy that happens from sessions like that . '' The band called it `` a collection of songs we did for fun ... us letting out some demons '' rather than a new album . On October 7 , the entire EP was released for free streaming online . The EP debuted at No. 25 on the US Billboard 200 with 11,000 first week sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93abcae71591dd033d1aefd49f270198", "text": "Butch Vig production discography The discography of Butch Vig , an American musician and record producer , consists of a mix of albums , extended plays and singles released by bands he was a performer in and records on which he produced , mixed , remixed , engineered or a combination of those roles . After graduating from the University of Wisconsin with a degree in film studies , Vig became a core member of cult Mid-West band Spooner , and an offshoot group Fire Town , as well as co-founding recording studio Smart Studios in Madison , Wisconsin in the Eighties . Vig is now best known internationally as the drummer of the Madison-based alternative rock band Garbage and the producer of multi-platinum selling albums Nevermind by Nirvana and Siamese Dream by The Smashing Pumpkins . Vig 's production , Green Day 's 21st Century Breakdown , debuted at # 1 on the Billboard 200 and atop the album charts of 23 further countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b93b8e03d902d34dacdafbe85407287e", "text": "Idiotest Idiotest ( a portmanteau of `` idiot '' and `` test '' and stylized as Id!otest ) is an American television game show broadcast by Game Show Network ( GSN ) . Hosted by Ben Gleib , the series features contestants in teams of two competing to answer brain teaser and puzzle questions . The winning team advances to a bonus round for an opportunity to increase their winnings to $ 10,000 . The series was announced at GSN 's upfront presentation in March 2014 ; the first episode premiered on August 12 of that year . Critical reception for the series has been mixed ; one writer called it `` enjoyable '' while another called it `` uninteresting . '' Additionally , GSN released an online game midway through the first season that allows users to answer questions from the series ' past episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed972e3997d821c646d6471ba28c2aaa", "text": "X-Kid `` X-Kid '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day . The song was recorded by the band for their eleventh studio album , ¡ Tre ! . It was released as a single February 12 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4caf4bc378c43358b69bb34cfc449921", "text": "Stan Freberg Presents the United States of America Volume One: The Early Years Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America Volume One : The Early Years is an American comedy album with music and dialogue written by Stan Freberg , released as Capitol W/SW -1573 in 1961 . Freberg satirizes episodes of the history of the United States from 1492 until the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783 . The album combined dialogue and song in a musical theater format . Billy May orchestrated the music . In addition to Freberg , the cast included the following performers : Jesse White Peter Leeds Byron Kane Colleen Collins Helen Kleeb Shep Menken Walter Tetley Marvin Miller June Foray Barney Phillips Maurice Dallimore Peter Forster John Frank Paul Frees ( narrator ) Freberg used anachronistic and self-referential humour in these sketches , such as referring to the Fourth of July weekend in the `` Declaration of Independence '' sketch , Thanksgiving Day in the skit on `` Take an Indian to Lunch '' as well as the `` Thanksgiving Turkey '' portion , and Columbus Day in `` Columbus Discovers America '' . Freberg also referred to McCarthyism in the `` Declaration of Independence '' sketch , where Benjamin Franklin says , `` You ... sign a harmless petition , and forget all about it ; ten years later , you get hauled up before a committee . '' Admirers of this album have included Steven Spielberg , Richard Dreyfuss and Paul McCartney . Dr. Demento 's listeners have repeatedly voted The United States of America as the greatest comedy album of all time . Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America , Volume Two was planned for a release during America 's Bicentennial in 1976 , but did not emerge until 1996 . In his autobiography , Freberg detailed his efforts to have the songs and skits produced on Broadway ; when this failed , he used material omitted from the original album in the sequel . A third volume was planned . Due to the death of Freberg 's wife , Donna , and Freberg 's personal health problems , the project was shelved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e229ace03574123e063610fc83a8140c", "text": "Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31eeacd1bd9fc7c5f991d1e2fd085f7b", "text": "¡Dos! ¡ Dos ! is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day . The album was released on November 9 , 2012 in Australia , November 12 in the United Kingdom and on November 13 in the United States through Reprise Records . It is the second installment in the ¡ Uno ! ¡ Dos ! ¡ Tré ! trilogy . Following its predecessor 's power pop style , ¡ Dos ! was billed as Green Day 's take on garage rock . The album garnered the highest average reviews of all three trilogy albums , receiving generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its dynamic style and catchy songs ; others found its music dull and observed filler on the album . It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 69,000 copies in the United States , a low for the band , becoming their first album since signing to a major record label to not sell 100,000 records in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbe5ad1853a7e91771e035cbaed95f11", "text": "Idiotarod The Idiotarod is a shopping cart race in which teams of five `` idiots '' tie themselves to a ( sometimes modified ) grocery store shopping cart and run through the streets of a major metropolitan area . The race usually features people in costumes and themed floats . The races are fun competitions where sabotage , costume , and presentation are rewarded . Sabotage , such as tripping competitors , throwing marbles or large obstacles in their paths , and the spreading of misinformation such as false route information , is common . The Idiotarod is named after the Iditarod , a 1,000 mile dog-sledding race in Alaska . Idiotarods take place in Ann Arbor , Asheville , Austin , Boston , Chicago , Cincinnati , Dallas , Denver , Iowa City , New York City , Phoenix , Portland , Salt Lake City , Seattle , St. Louis , Toronto , Los Angeles , Vancouver and Washington , D.C. though the original race was founded in San Francisco in 1994 as the `` Urban Iditarod '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0338f7540381de89562bb3f94e3c0bae", "text": "An American Prayer An American Prayer is the ninth and final studio album by the Doors . In 1978 , seven years after lead singer Jim Morrison died and five years after the remaining members of the band broke up , Ray Manzarek , Robby Krieger , and John Densmore reunited and recorded backing tracks over Morrison 's poetry ( originally recorded in 1969 and 1970 ) . Other pieces of music and spoken word recorded by the Doors and Morrison were also used in the audio collage , such as dialogue from Morrison 's film HWY : An American Pastoral and snippets from jam sessions . Despite managing a RIAA platinum certification in the US , the album received mixed reviews and still divides critics . When the album was originally released , longtime Doors ' producer Paul A. Rothchild labeled the album a `` rape of Jim Morrison . '' Rothchild claimed that he had heard all of the reels of master tapes from both the 1969 and the 1970 poetry sessions , insisting that the three remaining Doors failed to realize Morrison 's original intent for an audio presentation of the poetry . Prior to leaving for Paris , Morrison had approached composer Lalo Schifrin as a possible contributor for the music tracks meant to accompany the poetry , with no participation from any of the other Doors members . Additionally , he had developed some conception of the album cover art work by January 1971 , and was in correspondence with artist T. E. Breitenbach to design this cover in the form of a triptych . However , John Haeny ( who recorded the original session tapes with Morrison in 1970 and safeguarded them before the project was resurrected as An American Prayer ) insisted that the album `` was made by those people who were closest to Jim , both personally and artistically '' and `` everyone had the best intentions , '' stating : `` Jim would be pleased . Jim would have understood our motivation and appreciated our dedication and heartfelt handling of his work . '' The album also includes a composite live version of `` Roadhouse Blues , '' splicing together performances at New York City 's Felt Forum and Detroit 's Cobo Hall , both captured during the Doors ' 1970 Roadhouse Blues Tour . This version of the song later appeared on the In Concert compilation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6311c9839418caf2141e8994c9a80fc3", "text": "Foxboro Hot Tubs Foxboro Hot Tubs is a garage rock side project of Green Day , formed in 2007 . The band includes all members of Green Day , and features Kevin Preston of Prima Donna Their first album Stop Drop and Roll !!! was released on April 22 , 2008 . The name `` Foxboro Hot Tubs '' is the alias Green Day uses to book secret shows . When performing as Foxboro Hot Tubs , Billie Joe Armstrong and Jason White go by the names Reverend Strychnine Twitch and Frosco Lee respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f87b688e355d7ff25cd700cfd5112aec", "text": "How Sweet to Be an Idiot How Sweet To Be An Idiot is the first solo album by Neil Innes , formerly of The Bonzo Dog Band and later of The Rutles , and was released in 1973 . Innes later said of this time Stewart Mason , reviewing the album for Allmusic , described it as `` split between tongue-in-cheek parody and straight pop songs '' and containing `` solidly melodic Beatlesque pop '' , but was critical of the `` unfortunate sterility to Innes ' self-production '' . The title track was released as a single but failed to chart . It was a more instrumented version than on the album , arranged by Richard Hewson , and `` The Age of Desperation '' was the B-side . Its melody was borrowed by Oasis for their single `` Whatever '' , released in 1994 ; Innes claimed plagiarism and as a result now receives royalties and a co-writing credit . The album was re-released by United Artists in 1980 under the title `` Neil Innes A-Go-Go '' and by EMI in 1994 with additional tracks -- most of which had been released on singles -- under the title Re-Cycled Vinyl Blues . This edition of the album was dedicated to Ollie Halsall , who had died in 1992 , and former Bonzo Dog bassist Dennis Cowan , who had died in 1972 ; it featured a guest appearance by Michael Palin on the title track . A review of the release by Mark Deming of Allmusic was more appreciative than that of his predecessor , saying that `` most -LSB- of the tracks -RSB- walk a graceful tightrope between sly humor and solid pop-friendly rock & roll '' and recommending that `` anyone who digs a great hook played with heart should get to know the music of Neil Innes '' . Innes performed the title song on Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl and on Monty Python Live at Drury Lane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d54b50c1380ed0208926e5f110ca5ad0", "text": "Saves the Day Saves the Day is an American Pop Punk band from Princeton , New Jersey , formed in 1994 . The band consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Chris Conley , guitarist Arun Bali , bassist Rodrigo Palma , and drummer Dennis Wilson . After forming under the name Sefler in 1994 , Saves the Day released their debut studio album , Ca n't Slow Down , in 1998 . It was followed by Through Being Cool ( 1999 ) , which featured their first single , `` Shoulder to the Wheel '' . Stay What You Are was released in 2001 , peaking at number 100 on the Billboard 200 . It spawned two successful music videos on MTV2 , for the singles `` At Your Funeral '' and `` Freakish '' , and has since sold 300,000 copies . After the success of Stay What You Are , Saves the Day signed to Dreamworks Records , who co-released their next studio album , In Reverie , with Vagrant Records . The album peaked at number 27 on the Billboard 200 and number 4 on the Independent Albums chart . Their latest , self-titled LP was released in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17536e956dfad0962428aa21ee913a56", "text": "Los Angeles (The Brilliant Green album) Los Angeles is the third album by Japanese rock band The Brilliant Green , released in 2001 . This album represented a shift in the band 's sound , from the 1960s-influenced jangle pop to a darker , heavier early 90 's shoegaze sound . When The Brilliant Green was featured on Time Magazine 's `` Ten Best Bands On Planet Earth '' article , it was Los Angeles that was listed as their key album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1731b11cb9f4f82a0adfb861695652a3", "text": "Walking Contradiction `` Walking Contradiction '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day . It was released as the fourth and final single from their fourth album , Insomniac and is the closing track on the album . The song reached number 21 on the Modern Rock Tracks in August 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d201daa29afd613993ea1ed97cf21f9", "text": "Green Day discography The American punk rock band Green Day has released 12 studio albums , two live albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , four video albums , 10 extended plays , four box sets , 42 singles , ten promotional singles , and 39 music videos . The band has sold over 85 million records worldwide , including more than 30 million in the United States alone . Green Day released their first two studio albums , 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours ( 1991 ) ( consisting of the original `` 39/Smooth '' as well as their first two EP 's `` 1,000 Hours '' and `` Slappy '' ) and Kerplunk ( 1991 ) , through the independent label Lookout ! Records before signing to major label Reprise Records . Dookie , the band 's first album on the label and third studio album overall , was released in February 1994 . It was a breakout success , selling over 10 million copies in the United States and 20 million copies worldwide . Dookie spawned five singles , including the international hits `` Longview '' , Basket Case '' and `` When I Come Around '' . The album placed Green Day at the forefront of the 1990s punk rock revival . Insomniac , the band 's fourth studio album , was released in October 1995 . While not as successful as Dookie , the album managed to peak at number two on the US Billboard 200 and received a double platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Nimrod followed in October 1997 ; it peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200 . Four singles were released from Nimrod ; the most successful of these was `` Good Riddance ( Time of Your Life ) '' , which hit the top ten in countries such as Australia and Canada . The band 's sixth studio album Warning was released in October 2000 to mild commercial success , peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 and only earning a gold certification from the RIAA . Their seventh studio album American Idiot reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation . Becoming the band 's first album to top the Billboard 200 , American Idiot sold over six million copies in the United States , and over 14 million copies worldwide . The album spawned five commercially successful singles : `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , `` Holiday '' , `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' , and `` Jesus of Suburbia '' . The band 's eighth studio album 21st Century Breakdown followed in May 2009 , topping the Billboard 200 and being certified platinum by the RIAA . Two singles from the album -- `` Know Your Enemy '' and `` 21 Guns '' -- became top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 . A trilogy of studio albums -- ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! -- were released toward the end of 2012 . ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! and ¡ Tré ! peaked at numbers two , nine and thirteen respectively on the Billboard 200 . In 2016 , another studio album , Revolution Radio was released and topped the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a52dda3df22baee3cba59805a8cacbc0", "text": "Warning (Green Day album) Warning ( stylized as WARNING :) is the sixth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day , released on October 3 , 2000 by Reprise Records . Building upon its predecessor , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , the album eschewed the band 's trademark punk rock sound and incorporated acoustic elements and pop and folk styles . Lyrically , the record contains more optimistic and inspirational themes in comparison with the band 's earlier releases . Warning was also Green Day 's first album since Kerplunk ( 1992 ) that was not produced by Rob Cavallo , although he did have a hand in its production and was credited as executive producer . Despite mixed criticism towards the band 's stylistic change , the album received mostly positive reviews from music critics , who praised vocalist/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong 's songwriting . Although it peaked at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart , Warning represented the lowest commercial slump in Green Day 's career , being the band 's first album since signing to a major record label not to achieve multi-platinum status . The album has nonetheless been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and , as of December 2012 , has sold 1.2 million copies . Warning was reissued on vinyl on July 14 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e47db44b7b184f62745a6c59daba61c8", "text": "Pansy Division Pansy Division is an American rock band formed in San Francisco , California in 1991 by singer-songwriter Jon Ginoli and bassist Chris Freeman . Conceived as the first openly gay rock band featuring predominantly gay musicians , Pansy Division 's music , a mix of pop punk and power pop , focuses mainly on LGBT issues , sex and relationships , often presented in a humorous light . In 1993 , the band signed to punk label Lookout ! Records and received international notoriety touring with Green Day in 1994 , becoming the most commercially successful band of the queercore movement which began in the 1980s . As of September 2016 , Pansy Division have released seven studio albums and three B-side compilations , among other recordings . In 2008 , the band were the subject of the documentary film entitled Pansy Division : Life in a Gay Rock Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f27debd6aeca54d9d5877c133eade182", "text": "The Obvious The Obvious is an independent alternative/punk rock band that was formed in Asbury Park , New Jersey in mid-2005 . The band currently consists of frontwoman Surojanie `` Angie '' Sugrim ( guitar , lead vocals ) , Dan Astorri ( lead guitar , vocals ) , and Biff Swenson ( bass ) . ( As of January 2016 they are courting a particular drummer and hope to make an official announcement soon . ) The band has shared a similar style to other punk/alt-rock bands such as early Nirvana , Hole , and the Afghan Whigs . The Obvious has developed itself to be one of the most prominent punk rock acts to come out of the mid-2000s revival of the Asbury Park music scene .", "title": "" } ]
fever
855a348bdee66c66a21177c5a8bff624
Venus has an atmosphere consisting of carbon dioxide.
[ { "docid": "f7c7cf88ef01730456bf1861c60e07b3", "text": "Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun , orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days . It has the longest rotation period ( 243 days ) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets . It has no natural satellites . It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty . It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon , reaching an apparent magnitude of − 4.6 , bright enough to cast shadows at night and , though rare , occasionally be visible in broad daylight . Because Venus orbits within Earth 's orbit it is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun ; its maximum angular distance from the Sun ( elongation ) is 47.8 ° . Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth 's `` sister planet '' because of their similar size , mass , proximity to the Sun , and bulk composition . It is radically different from Earth in other respects . It has the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets , consisting of more than 96 % carbon dioxide . The atmospheric pressure at the planet 's surface is 92 times that of Earth , or roughly the pressure found 900 m underwater on Earth . Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System , with a mean surface temperature of 735 K , even though Mercury is closer to the Sun . Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid , preventing its surface from being seen from space in visible light . It may have had water oceans in the past , but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect . The water has probably photodissociated , and the free hydrogen has been swept into interplanetary space by the solar wind because of the lack of a planetary magnetic field . Venus 's surface is a dry desertscape interspersed with slab-like rocks and is periodically resurfaced by volcanism . As one of the brightest objects in the sky , Venus has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed . It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures , and has been a prime inspiration for writers and poets as the `` morning star '' and `` evening star '' . Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky , as early as the second millennium BC . As the closest planet to Earth , Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration . It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft ( Mariner 2 in 1962 ) , and the first to be successfully landed on ( by Venera 7 in 1970 ) . Venus 's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light , and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991 . Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions , but they are hindered by Venus 's hostile surface conditions .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "96f12c6bab5904578872ffc015e7a3d9", "text": "Modern Mars habitability One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is , or ever has been life on Mars . Mars probably had oceans in the past , and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere . Modern Mars has become cold , dry , and almost uninhabitable , yet , if life did ever arise on Mars , some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present . The only missions to search for life on Mars , the two Viking missions , returned results that were inconclusive . However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars , which may have confused the results of the experiments . Also , they did n't know enough about Mars at that time to target the regions we now think are most likely to have present day life . Life would meet many challenges on present day Mars . Liquid water boils at 0 ° C , over much of its surface . Even at the depths of the Hellas basin , any water is close to its boiling point of 10 ° C and will dry out quickly . Ice also evaporates into the atmosphere over geological timescales - and most of the equatorial regions are thought to be dry to depths of tens of meters . As its axial tilt varies , Mars atmosphere is sometimes thicker , and liquid water may then form on the surface - but any dormant life in the top few meters of soil would be destroyed over periods of millions of years by cosmic radiation . However , in 2008 , droplets were observed on the landing legs of Phoenix . Sadly , there was no way to analyse them , but the leading hypothesis is that they were droplets of salty water . Phoenix also made isotopic measurements which show that the Mars atmosphere has exchanged oxygen molecules with liquid on the surface in the recent geological past . This could indicate either recent episodic occurrences of liquid water ( for instance after a meteorite strike ) or water present every year , in contact with the atmosphere . We now know of many seasonal changes in the surface of Mars which are only visible in high resolution photographs . Most of these are now thought to be caused by dry ice or wind effects . However , the `` Recurrent slope lineae '' , and some of the `` flow like features '' form in conditions that suggest the occasional presence of small quantities of water on Mars . The evidence of flowing brines in the RSLs is strong , though it 's not known if they are habitable . Curiosity has also found indirect evidence of a brine layer 15 cm below the sands that it drives over , though most scientists think that this layer is not habitable for Earth life . Recent Mars surface simulations by Nilton Renno and his team have shown that small droplets of water can form on salt / ice interfaces for a few hours per day almost anywhere on the surface of Mars , and this may explain the Phoenix leg droplets observations . In a separate development , research by the German aerospace company DLR in Mars simulation chambers and on the ISS show that some Earth life can survive simulated Mars surface conditions without any water at all , and photosynthesize and metabolize , slowly . It can do this using the high relative humidity of the Mars atmosphere at night . All of this work was done after the Phoenix discoveries in 2008 . Other potential habitats include lakes formed in the higher latitudes after cometary or meteorite impacts , or as a result of volcanism . Covered by ice , these may remain liquid for centuries , or up to a few thousand years for the largest impacts . The planet may also have underground trapped layers of water heated by geothermal hotspots . Also there are suggestions that Mars may have a deep hydrosphere , a liquid layer below its cryosphere , a few kilometers below the surface . Deep rock habitats on Earth are inhabited by life so if this layer exists , it may also be habitable on Mars . The main questions are Do these potential habitats exist ? Are they habitable ? For instance , liquid water , if present , could be too cold , or too salty for Earth life Are they in fact inhabited by any forms of life ? As Mars is so inhospitable , life might not be able to spread to new habitats easily . So there might be life in some of the habitats and not in others . Or life on Mars may have gone extinct , or never evolved at all , in which case none of the habitats would be inhabited . These discoveries have renewed interest in this topic , with many astrobiologists saying that they think present day Mars may be more habitable than previously thought . The first conference on the Present Day Habitability of Mars was held in 2013 in UCLA . The 2017 conference session on Modern Mars Habitability will run from April 24 -- 28 in Mesa , Arizona", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b070d49f62aea8c1a7a2e000a5ce785b", "text": "Gas exchange Gas exchange is the biological process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface . Typically , this surface is - or contains - a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment . Gases are constantly consumed and produced by cellular and metabolic reactions in most living things , so an efficient system for their exchange is required . Smaller organisms , such as bacteria , have a high surface-area to volume ratio . In these unicellular organisms , the external boundary of the organism - typically the cell membrane - is usually sufficient for the necessary gas exchange . Some small multicellular organisms , such as flatworms , are also able to perform sufficient gas exchange across the skin or cuticle that surrounds their bodies . However , in most larger organisms , which have a small surface-area to volume ratio , specialised structures with convoluted surfaces such as gills , pulmonary alveoli and spongy mesophyll provide the additional area needed for effective gas exchange . These convoluted surfaces may sometimes be internalised into the body of the organism : this is the case for alveoli , which form the inner surface of the mammalian lung ; spongy mesophyll , which is found inside the leaves of some kinds of plant ; and the gills of those molluscs that have them , which may be found in the mantle cavity . In aerobic organisms , gas exchange is particularly important for respiration , which involves the uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide . Conversely , in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as most land plants , uptake of carbon dioxide and release of both oxygen and water vapour are the main gas-exchange processes occurring during the day . Other gas-exchange processes are important in less familiar organisms : e.g. carbon dioxide , methane and hydrogen are exchanged across the cell membrane of methanogenic archaea ; nitrogen is exchanged in denitrifying and nitrogen fixing bacteria ; and hydrogen sulfide and other gases are exchanged in giant tube worms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62e1f4935255a04fd95411f3c41c29ae", "text": "Corrosion in space Corrosion in space is the corrosion of materials occurring in outer space . Instead of moisture and oxygen acting as the primary corrosion causes , the materials exposed to outer space are subjected to vacuum , bombardment by ultraviolet and X-rays , and high-energy charged particles ( mostly electrons and protons from solar wind ) . In the upper layers of the atmosphere ( between 90 -- 800 km ) , the atmospheric atoms , ions , and free radicals , most notably atomic oxygen , play a major role . The concentration of atomic oxygen depends on altitude and solar activity , as the bursts of ultraviolet radiation cause photodissociation of molecular oxygen . Between 160 and 560 km , the atmosphere consists of about 90 % atomic oxygen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5319436499f21ee222af9e590f4dc2de", "text": "The Wizard of Venus `` The Wizard of Venus '' is a novella by Edgar Rice Burroughs , as well as the title of a collection in which it was later published together with an unrelated story . `` The Wizard of Venus '' is the final story in Burroughs 's Venus series ( sometimes called the `` Carson Napier of Venus series '' ) . Written in 1941 , the piece remained unpublished until 1964 , fourteen years after the author 's death . Burroughs intended it to be the opening piece in a sequence of stories to be brought together later in book form , as he had done in the instance of the previous Venus volume , Escape on Venus . He began the first follow-up tale , only to abandon the project in the wake of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ; the text of the aborted sequel is now lost . `` The Wizard of Venus '' was first published in the 1964 Burroughs collection Tales of Three Planets together with the unrelated tales `` The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw '' , `` Beyond the Farthest Star '' and `` Tangor Returns '' . Afterwards it appeared in the collection The Wizard of Venus ( Ace Books , August 1970 ) . This also included the unrelated pirate adventure `` Pirate Blood '' - with a quite unsavory `` hero '' - Johnny LaFitte of Glenora , California - a 20th-century descendant of Jean Lafitte who gets to the distant Vulture 's Island , where his pirate heredity asserts itself in a modern piratical career full of cold-blooded murders and rapes . A subsequent British edition ( New English Library , 1975 ) omitted the unrelated story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc5dc45d7c1b4e24d3548ad4af220b74", "text": "Carbon leakage Carbon leakage occurs when there is an increase in carbon dioxide emissions in one country as a result of an emissions reduction by a second country with a strict climate policy . Carbon leakage may occur for a number of reasons : if the emissions policy of a country raises local costs , then another country with a more relaxed policy may have a trading advantage . If demand for these goods remains the same , production may move offshore to the cheaper country with lower standards , and global emissions will not be reduced . if environmental policies in one country add a premium to certain fuels or commodities , then the demand may decline and their price may fall . Countries that do not place a premium on those items may then take up the demand and use the same supply , negating any benefit . There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects . This is important for the problem of climate change . Carbon leakage is one type of spill-over effect . Spill-over effects can be positive or negative ; for example , emission reductions policy might lead to technological developments that aid reductions outside of the policy area . `` Carbon leakage is defined as the increase in emissions outside the countries taking domestic mitigation action divided by the reduction in the emissions of these countries . '' It is expressed as a percentage , and can be greater or less than 100 % . Carbon leakage may occur through changes in trading patterns , and that is sometimes measured as the balance of emissions embodied in trade ( BEET ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8691f7bc27b04ac3278ec69aff6cc198", "text": "Hypothetical types of biochemistry Hypothetical types of biochemistry are forms of biochemistry speculated to be scientifically viable but not proven to exist at this time . The kinds of living organisms currently known on Earth all use carbon compounds for basic structural and metabolic functions , water as a solvent , and DNA or RNA to define and control their form . If life exists on other planets or moons , it may be chemically similar ; it is also possible that there are organisms with quite different chemistries -- for instance involving other classes of carbon compounds , compounds of another element , or another solvent in place of water . The possibility of life-forms being based on `` alternative '' biochemistries is the topic of an ongoing scientific discussion , informed by what is known about extraterrestrial environments and about the chemical behaviour of various elements and compounds . It is also a common subject in science fiction . The element silicon has been much discussed as a hypothetical alternative to carbon . Silicon is in the same group as carbon on the periodic table and , like carbon , it is tetravalent , although the silicon analogs of organic compounds are generally less stable . Hypothetical alternatives to water include ammonia , which , like water , is a polar molecule , and cosmically abundant ; and non-polar hydrocarbon solvents such as methane and ethane , which are known to exist in liquid form on the surface of Titan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8451ebc9da69247ce03cc60e48e3e430", "text": "Martian polar ice caps The planet Mars has two permanent polar ice caps . During a pole 's winter , it lies in continuous darkness , chilling the surface and causing the deposition of 25 -- 30 % of the atmosphere into slabs of CO2 ice ( dry ice ) . When the poles are again exposed to sunlight , the frozen CO2 sublimes , creating enormous winds that sweep off the poles as fast as 400 km/h . These seasonal actions transport large amounts of dust and water vapor , giving rise to Earth-like frost and large cirrus clouds . Clouds of water-ice were photographed by the Opportunity rover in 2004 . The caps at both poles consist primarily of water ice . Frozen carbon dioxide accumulates as a comparatively thin layer about one metre thick on the north cap in the northern winter only , while the south cap has a permanent dry ice cover about 8 m thick . The northern polar cap has a diameter of about 1000 km during the northern Mars summer , and contains about 1.6 million cubic km of ice , which if spread evenly on the cap would be 2 km thick . ( This compares to a volume of 2.85 million cubic km ( km3 ) for the Greenland ice sheet . ) The southern polar cap has a diameter of 350 km and a thickness of 3 km . The total volume of ice in the south polar cap plus the adjacent layered deposits has also been estimated at 1.6 million cubic km . Both polar caps show spiral troughs , which recent analysis of SHARAD ice penetrating radar has shown are a result of roughly perpendicular katabatic winds that spiral due to the Coriolis Effect . The seasonal frosting of some areas near the southern ice cap results in the formation of transparent 1 m thick slabs of dry ice above the ground . With the arrival of spring , sunlight warms the subsurface and pressure from subliming CO2 builds up under a slab , elevating and ultimately rupturing it . This leads to geyser-like eruptions of CO2 gas mixed with dark basaltic sand or dust . This process is rapid , observed happening in the space of a few days , weeks or months , a rate of change rather unusual in geology -- especially for Mars . The gas rushing underneath a slab to the site of a geyser carves a spider-like pattern of radial channels under the ice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3958217d4a442e32625c7a0800d83b55", "text": "Tetravalence In chemistry , a tetravalence is the state of an atom with four electrons available for covalent chemical bonding in its valence ( outermost electron shell ) . An example is methane ( CH4 ) : the tetravalent carbon atom forms a covalent bond with four hydrogen atoms . The carbon atom is called tetravalent because it forms 4 covalent bonds . A carbon atom has a total of six electrons occupying the first two shells , i.e. , the K-shell has two electrons and the L-shell has four electrons . This distribution indicates that in the outermost shell there are one completely filled 's ' orbital and two half-filled ` p ' orbitals , showing carbon to be a divalent atom . But in actuality , carbon displays tetravalency in the combined state . Therefore , a carbon atom has four valence electrons . It could gain four electrons to form the C4 − anion or lose four electrons to form the C4 + cation . Both these conditions would take carbon far away from achieving stability by the octet rule . To overcome this problem carbon undergoes bonding by sharing its valence electrons . This allows it to be covalently bonded to one , two , three or four carbon atoms or atoms of other elements or groups of atoms . Let us see how carbon forms the single , double and triple bonds in the following examples . A carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost valence shell . So , it needs four more electrons to complete its octet . A carbon atom completes its octet only by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms . As a result , a carbon atom forms four covalent bonds by sharing valence electrons with other atoms . This is known as tetravalency of carbon ( `` tetra '' means four ) . These four valences of carbon are directed towards four corners of a tetrahedron , and inclined to each other atomic an angle of a 109 ° 28 ´ . The carbon atom is assumed to be atomic the center of the tetrahedron . In common use , the four valences of carbon are shown by four bonds around a carbon atom as shown alongside Methane molecule : Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost shell . Thus , it requires four more electrons to acquire a stable noble gas configuration . Each of the hydrogen atoms has only one electron in its outermost shell and requires one more electron to complete its outermost shell ( to acquire He configuration ) . To achieve this , one carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds with four hydrogen atoms . Carbon dioxide molecule : Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost shell and each oxygen atom has six electrons in its outermost shell . Thus , each carbon atom requires four , and each oxygen atom requires two more electrons to acquire noble gas configurations . To achieve this , two oxygen atoms form a double covalent bond with carbon . Acetylene molecule : Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost shell and each hydrogen atom has only one electron in its outermost shell . Two carbon atoms share two electrons each with hydrogen atoms to form single bonds . Each carbon then requires three more electrons to acquire a stable configuration of the nearest noble gas ( neon ) . This is done by mutually sharing three pairs of electrons between the two carbon atoms to form a triple bond . Category : Chemical properties", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fa1f7b55f46d5a449f2e5c4626ba9da", "text": "Kepler (spacecraft) Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars . Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler , the spacecraft was launched on March 7 , 2009 , into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit . Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets , Kepler sole scientific instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view . These data are transmitted to Earth , then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by exoplanets that cross in front of their host star . Kepler is part of NASA 's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost , focused primary science missions . The telescope 's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory , with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system . The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development , mission operations since December 2009 , and scientific data analysis . The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years , but greater-than-expected noise in the data , from both the stars and the spacecraft , meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals . Initially , in 2012 , the mission was expected to be extended until 2016 , but on July 14 , 2012 , one of the spacecraft 's four reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft stopped turning , and completing the mission would only be possible if all other reaction wheels remained reliable . Then , on May 11 , 2013 , a second reaction wheel failed , disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission . On August 15 , 2013 , NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels . This meant the current mission needed to be modified , but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet hunting . NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans `` potentially including an exoplanet search , using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters '' . On November 18 , 2013 , the K2 `` Second Light '' proposal was reported . This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller , dimmer red dwarfs . On May 16 , 2014 , NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension . , Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 star systems , along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates . Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler K2 mission . In November 2013 , astronomers estimated , based on Kepler space mission data , that there could be as many as 40 billion rocky , Earth-size exoplanets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way . It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars . The nearest such planet may be 12 ly away , according to the scientists . On January 6 , 2015 , NASA announced the 1,000 th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope . Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars : three of the four , Kepler-438b , Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b , are almost Earth-size and likely rocky ; the fourth , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth . On May 10 , 2016 , NASA verified 1,284 new exoplanets found by Kepler , the single largest finding of planets to date . Since 1988 , over 3,000 exoplanets have been confirmed by all detection methods , including the Kepler mission ( specifically , planets in planetary systems , including multiple planetary systems , have been confirmed , as of ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43f86728994d883baa5e7f90799735a6", "text": "Ganis Chasma Ganis Chasma is a group of rift zones on the surface of the planet Venus . Bright spots detected by the Venus Monitoring Camera on the European Space Agency 's Venus Express in the area suggest that there may be active volcanism on Venus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "231a190a6371b74ce3e790b65973e290", "text": "Delta Scuti variable A Delta Scuti variable ( sometimes termed dwarf cepheid ) is a variable star which exhibits variations in its luminosity due to both radial and non-radial pulsations of the star 's surface . The variables are important standard candles and have been used to establish the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud , globular clusters , open clusters , and the Galactic center . The variables follow a period-luminosity relation in certain passbands like other standard candles such as Cepheids . SX Phoenicis variables are generally considered to be a subclass of Delta Scuti variables that contain old stars , and can be found in globular clusters . SX Phe variables also follow a period-luminosity relation . The recently discovered Rapidly oscillating Ap stars are also a subclass of Delta Scuti variables , found on the main sequence . One last sub-class are the pre-main sequence ( PMS ) Delta Scuti variables . The OGLE and MACHO surveys have detected nearly 3000 Delta Scuti variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud . Typical brightness fluctuations are from 0.003 to 0.9 magnitudes in V over a period of a few hours , although the amplitude and period of the fluctuations can vary greatly . The stars are usually A0 to F5 type giant or main sequence stars . The high-amplitude Delta Scuti variables are also called AI Velorum stars . They are the second most abundant variable source in the Milky Way after white dwarfs . Delta Scuti stars exhibit both radial and non-radial luminosity pulsations . Non-radial pulsations are when some parts of the surface move inwards and some outward at the same time . Radial pulsations are a special case , where the star expands and contracts around its equilibrium state by altering the radius to maintain its spherical shape . The variations are due to the swelling and shrinking of the star through the Eddington Valve ( or Kappa ) Mechanism . The stars have a helium rich atmosphere . As helium is heated it becomes more ionised , which is more opaque . So at the dimmest part in the cycle the star has highly ionised opaque helium in its atmosphere blocking part of the light from escaping . The energy from this `` blocked light '' causes the helium to heat up , expand , ionise , become more transparent and therefore allow more light through . As more light is let through the star appears brighter and , with the expansion , the helium begins to cool down . Hence the helium contracts and heats up again and the cyclical process continues . Throughout their lifetime Delta Scuti stars exhibit pulsation when they are situated on the classical Cepheid instability strip . They then move across from the main sequence into the giant branch . The prototype of these sorts of variable stars is Delta Scuti , which exhibits brightness fluctuations from +4.60 to +4.79 in apparent magnitude with a period of 4.65 hours . Other well known Delta Scuti variables include Altair , Denebola ( β Leonis ) and β Cassiopeiae . Vega ( α Lyrae ) is a suspected Delta Scuti variable , but this remains unconfirmed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69bc3a61ebb4bbb1ab76be1543a36674", "text": "Venera The Venera ( , -LSB- vʲɪˈnʲɛrə -RSB- ) series space probes were developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus , Venera being the Russian name for Venus . As with some of the Soviet Union 's other planetary probes , the later versions were launched in pairs with a second vehicle being launched soon after the first of the pair . Ten probes from the Venera series successfully landed on Venus and transmitted data from the surface of Venus , including the two Vega program and Venera-Halley probes . In addition , thirteen Venera probes successfully transmitted data from the atmosphere of Venus . Among the other results , probes of the series became the first human-made devices to enter the atmosphere of another planet ( Venera 4 on October 18 , 1967 ) , to make a soft landing on another planet ( Venera 7 on December 15 , 1970 ) , to return images from the planetary surface ( Venera 9 on June 8 , 1975 ) , and to perform high-resolution radar mapping studies of Venus ( Venera 15 on June 2 , 1983 ) . The later probes in the Venera series successfully carried out their mission , providing the first direct observations of the surface of Venus . Since the surface conditions on Venus are extreme , the probes only survived on the surface for durations varying between 23 minutes ( initial probes ) up to about two hours ( final probes ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a12fa1b3a762311696851e883ba114", "text": "Tropospheric ozone Ozone ( O3 ) is a constituent of the troposphere ( it is also an important constituent of some regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the ozone layer ) . The troposphere extends from the Earth 's surface to between 12 and 20 kilometers above sea level and consists of many layers . Ozone is more concentrated above the mixing layer , or ground layer . Ground-level ozone , though less concentrated than ozone aloft , is more of a problem because of its health effects . Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night . At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities ( largely incomplete combustion of fossil fuels , such as gasoline , diesel , etc. ) , it is a pollutant , and a constituent of smog . Many highly energetic reactions produce it , ranging from combustion to photocopying . Often laser printers will have a smell of ozone , which in high concentrations is toxic . Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent readily reacting with other chemical compounds to make many possibly toxic oxides . Tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse gas and initiates the chemical removal of methane and other hydrocarbons from the atmosphere . Thus , its concentration affects how long these compounds remain in the air .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a92259f16ddcbb3cdd5b7a36f1dcbe04", "text": "Phoebe Regio Phoebe Regio is a regio on the planet Venus . It lies to the southeast of Asteria Regio . It is 2852 km in diameter and is the principal feature of the V41 quadrangle , to which it gave its name . The Venera 13 and Venera 14 landers landed near there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec2ccf349086c8647e18fd30c1206061", "text": "Aspects of Venus The aspects of the planet Venus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a999f3267b5e9e62753003582614eba", "text": "Stefania (crater) Stephania is a crater on Venus in the northern Sedna Planitia . With a diameter of 11 km it is one of the smaller craters on Venus . Because many small meteoroids disintegrate during their passage through the dense atmosphere , there is an absence of craters smaller than 3 km in diameter , and even craters smaller than 25 km are relatively scarce . The apron of ejected material suggests that the impacting body made contact with the surface from an oblique angle . Upon closer observation it is possible to delineate secondary craters , impact scars from blocks ejected from the primary crater . A feature associated with this and many other Venusian craters is a radar-dark halo . Since dark radar return signifies a smooth surface , it has been hypothesized that an intense shock wave removed or pulverized previously rough surface material or that a blanket of fine material was deposited during or after the impact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2119531976dbcbff408a558a4a7a18e", "text": "Jupiter trojan The Jupiter trojans , commonly called Trojan asteroids or just Trojans , are a large group of asteroids that share the orbit of the planet Jupiter around the Sun . Relative to Jupiter , each Trojan librates around one of Jupiter 's two stable Lagrangian points , , lying 60 ° ahead of the planet in its orbit , and , 60 ° behind . Jupiter trojans are distributed in two elongated , curved regions around these Lagrangian points with an average semi-major axis of about 5.2 AU . The first Jupiter trojan discovered , 588 Achilles , was spotted in 1906 by German astronomer Max Wolf . A total of 6,178 Jupiter trojans have been found . By convention they are each named after a mythological figure from the Trojan War , hence the name `` Trojan '' . The total number of Jupiter trojans larger than 1 km in diameter is believed to be about , approximately equal to the number of asteroids larger than 1 km in the asteroid belt . Like main-belt asteroids , Jupiter trojans form families . Jupiter trojans are dark bodies with reddish , featureless spectra . No firm evidence of the presence of water , or any other specific compound on their surface has been obtained , but it is thought that they are coated in tholins , organic polymers formed by the Sun 's radiation . The Jupiter trojans ' densities ( as measured by studying binaries or rotational lightcurves ) vary from 0.8 to 2.5 g · cm − 3 . Jupiter trojans are thought to have been captured into their orbits during the early stages of the Solar System 's formation or slightly later , during the migration of giant planets . The term `` trojan '' has come to be used more generally to refer to other small Solar System bodies with similar relationships to larger bodies : for example , there are both Mars trojans and Neptune trojans , and Saturn has trojan moons . NASA has announced the discovery of an Earth trojan . The term `` Trojan asteroid '' is normally understood to specifically mean the Jupiter trojans because the first Trojans were discovered near Jupiter 's orbit and Jupiter currently has by far the most known Trojans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d69cb7564ca0352ea648f80a8e1a552", "text": "Helium planet A helium planet is a planet with a helium-dominated atmosphere . This is in contrast to ordinary gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn , whose atmospheres consist primarily of hydrogen , with helium as a secondary component only . Helium planets might form in a variety of ways . The Gliese 436 b exoplanet is a candidate helium planet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce58e1d2e2f19bca7b218cff3bce479", "text": "Carbon tax A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of fuels . It is a form of carbon pricing . Carbon is present in every hydrocarbon fuel ( coal , petroleum , and natural gas ) and converted to carbon dioxide and other products when combusted . In contrast , non-combustion energy sources -- wind , sunlight , geothermal , hydropower , and nuclear -- do not convert hydrocarbons to . is a heat-trapping `` greenhouse '' gas which represents a negative externality on the climate system ( see scientific opinion on global warming ) . Since GHG emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels are closely related to the carbon content of the respective fuels , a tax on these emissions can be levied by taxing the carbon content of fossil fuels at any point in the product cycle of the fuel . Carbon tax offers social and economic benefits . It is a tax that increases revenue without significantly altering the economy while simultaneously promoting objectives of climate change policy . The objective of a carbon tax is to reduce the harmful and unfavorable levels of carbon dioxide emissions , thereby decelerating climate change and its negative effects on the environment and human health . Carbon taxes offer a potentially cost-effective means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions . From an economic perspective , carbon taxes are a type of Pigovian tax . They help to address the problem of emitters of greenhouse gases not facing the full social cost of their actions . Carbon taxes can be a regressive tax , in that they may directly or indirectly affect low-income groups disproportionately . The regressive impact of carbon taxes could be addressed by using tax revenues to favour low-income groups . A number of countries have implemented carbon taxes or energy taxes that are related to carbon content . Most environmentally related taxes with implications for greenhouse gas emissions in OECD countries are levied on energy products and motor vehicles , rather than on emissions directly . Opposition to increased environmental regulation such as carbon taxes often centers on concerns that firms might relocate and/or people might lose their jobs . It has been argued , however , that carbon taxes are more efficient than direct regulation and may even lead to higher employment ( see footnotes ) . Many large users of carbon resources in electricity generation , such as the United States , Russia , and China , are resisting carbon taxation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ab2d7b7adde4b1a7e7c2a23aa5e0f8", "text": "Carbon Carbon ( from carbo `` coal '' ) is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6 . It is nonmetallic and tetravalent -- making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds . Three isotopes occur naturally , C and C being stable , while C is a radioactive isotope , decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years . Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity . Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth 's crust , and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen , helium , and oxygen . Carbon 's abundance , its unique diversity of organic compounds , and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life . It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass ( about 18.5 % ) after oxygen . The atoms of carbon can bond together in different ways , termed allotropes of carbon . The best known are graphite , diamond , and amorphous carbon . The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form . For example , graphite is opaque and black while diamond is highly transparent . Graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper ( hence its name , from the Greek verb '' γράφειν '' which means `` to write '' ) , while diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known . Graphite is a good electrical conductor while diamond has a low electrical conductivity . Under normal conditions , diamond , carbon nanotubes , and graphene have the highest thermal conductivities of all known materials . All carbon allotropes are solids under normal conditions , with graphite being the most thermodynamically stable form . They are chemically resistant and require high temperature to react even with oxygen . The most common oxidation state of carbon in inorganic compounds is +4 , while +2 is found in carbon monoxide and transition metal carbonyl complexes . The largest sources of inorganic carbon are limestones , dolomites and carbon dioxide , but significant quantities occur in organic deposits of coal , peat , oil , and methane clathrates . Carbon forms a vast number of compounds , more than any other element , with almost ten million compounds described to date , and yet that number is but a fraction of the number of theoretically possible compounds under standard conditions . For this reason , carbon has often been referred to as the `` king of the elements '' .", "title": "" } ]
fever
c3801933ce570d26f407332420486a3f
Leslie Uggams was in a superhero movie.
[ { "docid": "9ca4cbb6380d5ca7c45e75602df62702", "text": "Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is the eighth installment and a spin-off in the X-Men film series , and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character , as well as Morena Baccarin , Ed Skrein , T. J. Miller , Gina Carano , Leslie Uggams , Brianna Hildebrand , and Stefan Kapičić . In the film , antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love . Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema , but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights . In May 2009 , after Reynolds portrayed the character in X-Men Origins : Wolverine , to the general disappointment of fans , Fox lent the film to writers , and Miller was hired for his directorial debut in April 2011 . Enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September . Additional casting began in early 2015 , and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May . Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8 , 2016 , and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX , DLP , D-Box , and premium large format . Critics praised Reynolds ' performance as well as the film 's style , faithful depiction of the titular character , and action sequences , but criticized its plot as formulaic . It received various awards and nominations , including two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Theatrical Motion Picture . It also won two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy . The film was also a significant commercial success , grossing over $ 783million worldwide and breaking numerous box-office records , becoming the ninth highest-grossing film of 2016 , the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation , and the highest-grossing X-Men film . Shortly after the film 's success , Fox ordered development of a sequel scheduled to be released on June 1 , 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f539fcf986737305a36939429aef941", "text": "Leslie Uggams Leslie Marian Uggams ( born May 25 , 1943 ) is an American actress and singer . Beginning her career as a child in the early 1950s , Uggams is recognized for portraying Kizzy Reynolds in the television miniseries Roots ( 1977 ) , earning Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations for her performance . She had earlier been highly acclaimed for the Broadway musical Hallelujah , Baby ! , winning a Theatre World Award in 1967 and the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1968 . Later in her career , Uggams received renewed notice with appearances alongside Ryan Reynolds in Deadpool ( 2016 ) and in a recurring role on Empire .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "da6773245d90fa3691ab7737803cbafb", "text": "Override (film) Override is a 1994 American science fiction short film . It was the directorial debut of Danny Glover and starred Lou Diamond Phillips and Emily Lloyd . It is based on the Nebula - and Hugo-nominated short story , Over the Long Haul , by Martha Soukup . The film was part of Showtime 's Directed By ... series that showcased well-known Hollywood actors stepping behind the camera as first-time film directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ade28b2630d3dbd9d067b6e3f862fa8", "text": "Leslie Andrews Leslie Andrews ( Phoenix , Arizona , United States , August 18 , 1981 ) is an American motion picture and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75094979c20172202199c52aa439b3c7", "text": "Exemplars (comics) The Exemplars is a fictional group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . It was made up of eight humans - Bedlam , Carnivore , Conquest , Decay , Inferno , Juggernaut , Stonecutter , and Tempest - who were empowered by the Octessence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b680aa4e97a38dc1c06bbe9bba5c3fb4", "text": "Lastikman (2003 film) Lastikman is a Philippine superhero film released on January 1 , 2003 under Octoarts Films , starring Vic Sotto and Donita Rose .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aef8586f610e02683c1468612544ddc8", "text": "Legion of Monsters Legion of Monsters is the name of different superhero teams in Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab809db135e577ea9b93f3f15f6ebc1b", "text": "Loups=Garous is a 2010 animated science fiction film . It was directed by Junichi Fujisaku and produced by Production I.G and TransArts . The movie was released on August 28 , 2010 . Features music by the rock band SCANDAL , who are also featured in the film as cameos . It is licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks and in United Kingdom by Manga UK . It is available for purchase on DVD and Blu-ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e8fc57aa0fdad4811a65d23769c705f", "text": "The Boogeyman (1980 film) The Boogeyman ( released in the United Kingdom as The Bogey Man ) is a 1980 American supernatural horror film directed by Ulli Lommel and starring Suzanna Love , John Carradine , and Ron James . The movie 's title refers to the long-held superstition of boogeymen beings , and its plot concerns an adult brother and sister who are targeted by the ghost of their mother 's deceased boyfriend which has been freed from an imprisoned mirror . The film has received mixed to negative critical reviews , with criticism mainly regarding the heavy similarities from earlier horror films such as Halloween , The Exorcist , and The Amityville Horror . However , the movie became successful enough commercially to make the film-makers eager to release sequels , resulting in the film being followed by Boogeyman II and Return of the Boogeyman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ebb09dd9111d5004b93810ec23e59f", "text": "The Pumaman The Pumaman ( L'uomo puma ) is a 1980 Italian superhero film co-written and directed by Alberto De Martino , starring Walter George Alton as the Pumaman and Donald Pleasence as the villain . It was featured in a 1998 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d85d4177417ba5cb415d8e4eb2e0599", "text": "Poundcakes Poundcakes ( Marian Pouncy ) is a supervillainess in the Marvel Comics Universe and former member of the female villain team , the Grapplers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea05f1605dc688041ea652c7bf30a9d", "text": "Neutron (Marvel Comics) Neutron is a fictional character , an extraterrestrial superhero that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d5c301d518ca044785b16bf38f921", "text": "Superhero (Brian McKnight album) Superhero is the 5th album by Brian McKnight released on August 28 , 2001 . It is the sixth studio album of his career . McKnight recorded this album to showcase his many musical influences and give listeners a glimpse into the past year of his life . Superhero mixes McKnight 's usual R&B style with a touch of rock and roll and rap . Featured guests include Justin Timberlake , Nate Dogg , Fred Hammond , and the St. Lunatics . Superhero debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart , moving 153,000 units in its first week . On October 24 , 2001 , the album was certified Gold by the RIAA . In 2002 , three singles off of the album were nominated for four Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2a8b7b188f205006afe18604def1555", "text": "Wonder Women! The Untold Story of American Superheroines Wonder Women ! The Untold Story of American Superheroines is a 2012 documentary film exploring the concept of heroic women from the birth of the superhero in the 1940s to the TV and big screen action blockbusters of today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a8ca574ece44e5e71890fe6736b6ea0", "text": "List of comics characters which originated in other media This list is for original fictional characters created for adaptations of comic books in other forms of media ( television series , films , books , games and advertising ) . It includes characters like Firestar and X-23 that were later incorporated into mainstream comics . The category does not include preexisting characters from fiction ( books , film , television , etc. ) such as Dracula , Conan or Rima that were later incorporated into comics . Characters unique to certain movies and television programs such as Rachel Dawes and Max Shreck are not included on this list because they do not have counterparts in any mainstream comic book . DC Comics : Nora Fries Gleek ( Super Friends ) Ethan Bennett Mercy Graves Gray Ghost ( fictional character ) Inspector William Henderson Isis ( DC Comics ) Inque King Tut ( Batman ) Livewire ( DC Comics ) Lock-Up ( comics ) Lionel Luthor Batman ( Terry McGinnis ) Renee Montoya Más y Menos Non ( DC Comics ) Jimmy Olsen Harley Quinn Roxy Rocket Samurai ( Super Friends ) Chloe Sullivan Ursa ( comics ) Wendy and Marvin Kristin Wells Perry White Wonder Twins Cinderblock ( comics ) John Diggle ( Arrow ) Marvel Comics : Firestar Lightwave Ms. Lion H.E.R.B.I.E. Hypnotia Iceberg Icemaster Spyke Abraham Whistler X-23 Phil Coulson Erik Selvig Melinda May Leo Fitz Jemma Simmons Antoine Triplett Anna Jarvis Other publishers : Cammy Jessica Priest Launchpad McQuack", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457abb260ae09707a1d15403b463eee9", "text": "Miraclewoman Miraclewoman is a fictional superheroine appearing in the Eclipse Comics comic book Miracleman . In the Miracleman comic , Miraclewoman is the analog of other feminine super heroines such as Wonder Woman and Mary Marvel . Her given name is Avril Lear , but she also uses the alias of Dr. McCarthy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a61d12e3782c99bdddf819334699e2b3", "text": "Superman Emergency Squad The Superman Emergency Squad ( sometimes called the Supermen Emergency Squad ) is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly associate with Superman . They first appeared in Superman 's Pal , Jimmy Olsen # 48 ( October 1960 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a896a4b410b36aa7486f2ca92183bbb7", "text": "Leslie I. Carey Sound recordist Leslie I. Carey ( August 3 , 1895 -- June 17 , 1984 ) first hit Hollywood in 1938 , where he embarked on the first of over 300 films . Some of these were A Double Life in 1947 , The Naked City and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein in 1948 , Winchester '73 in 1950 , Creature from the Black Lagoon and Magnificent Obsession in 1954 , Man Without a Star and This Island Earth in 1955 , The Incredible Shrinking Man ( 1957 ) and Operation Petticoat ( 1959 ) . Also in the late 1950s , he worked extensively on the `` Peter Gunn '' TV series . Nominated five times for the Academy Award , he won an Oscar in 1954 for The Glenn Miller Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e1b397bc5f0829985c3f031e777ebb8", "text": "The Leslie Uggams Show The Leslie Uggams Show is an American variety television series starring actress/singer Leslie Uggams . The series aired on CBS as part of its 1969 fall lineup , and was the second variety series to feature an African American host since 1956 's The Nat King Cole Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3b270bef52e990563ef23ea24cabce", "text": "Batman: Year One (film) Batman : Year One is a 2011 animated superhero film , based on the four-issue story arc of the same name printed in 1987 . It premiered at Comic-Con on July 22 and was officially released October 18 , 2011 . The film was directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu . It is the 12th film released under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner , and was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and Digital copy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef455609f3f48e7d7628a0fbc5ad479c", "text": "Super Troopers Super Troopers is a 2001 American crime-comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar , written by and starring the Broken Lizard comedy group ( Jay Chandrasekhar , Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lem me , Paul Soter and Erik Stolhanske ) . Marisa Coughlan , Daniel von Bargen and Brian Cox co-star while Lynda Carter has a cameo appearance . In total , Fox Searchlight paid $ 3.25 million for distribution rights of the film and grossed $ 23.1 million at the box office . A sequel , Super Troopers 2 , is currently filming and is expected to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
89b1c30cf39f699b24104bf90f4f6d39
Doug Jones did not star in a science fiction horror film.
[ { "docid": "18d70b10763d2726dfdb3aaf6a2e4c78", "text": "Doug Jones (actor) Doug Jones ( born May 24 , 1960 ) is an American actor and former contortionist known for roles in the science fiction , fantasy , and horror genres , often wearing heavy makeup to play nonhuman characters . He is perhaps best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Guillermo del Toro , starring in Mimic , as Abe Sapien in Hellboy and Hellboy II : The Golden Army , the Faun and the Pale Man in Pan 's Labyrinth , Crimson Peak and The Shape of Water . He has appeared in films such as Tank Girl , Hocus Pocus and The Bye Bye Man . He also portrayed the titular Silver Surfer in the superhero film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer , as well as appearing in the TV series Falling Skies , Buffy the Vampire Slayer and del Toro 's The Strain . He is currently a series regular in Star Trek : Discovery , as Lt. Saru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b02e6dae7d8e33c00a11c320edf8ac2", "text": "Mimic (film) Mimic is a 1997 American science fiction horror film co-written and directed by Guillermo del Toro based on Donald A. Wollheim 's short story of the same name , and starring Mira Sorvino , Jeremy Northam , Josh Brolin , Charles S. Dutton , Giancarlo Giannini , and F. Murray Abraham . Del Toro was unhappy with the film as released , especially because he did not succeed in obtaining a final cut of the film ; however , his director 's cut version was finally released in 2011 . Mimic , whose U.S. theatrical gross was $ 25.5 million , was followed by two direct-to-video sequels , Mimic 2 ( 2001 ) and Mimic 3 : Sentinel ( 2003 ) , neither of which involved del Toro . It includes several examples of del Toro 's most characteristic hallmarks . `` I have a sort of a fetish for insects , clockwork , monsters , dark places , and unborn things , '' said del Toro , and this is evident in Mimic , where at times all are combined in long , brooding shots of dark , cluttered , muddy chaotic spaces . According to Alfonso Cuarón , del Toro 's friend and colleague , `` with Guillermo the shots are almost mathematical -- everything is planned . ''", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "defc42bdb0ecbd43cac9b0dea624d1a6", "text": "Bunker 6 Bunker 6 is a Canadian psychological thriller film set in an alternate timeline in which a nuclear holocaust takes place during the Cuban Missile Crisis . Most of the film 's action is set a decade later , inside a very large fallout shelter , in which a group of survivors are faced with the dilemma of continuing life in the shelter or facing the uncertainty of life in a world contaminated by radiation . Theatrically released , the film was also destined for television and `` direct-to-video '' release . Directed by Canadian writer and director Greg Jackson , in his first feature film , it stars Andrea Lee Norwood and Molly Dunsworth . The supporting cast includes Jim Fowler , Glen Matthews and Shelley Thompson . The film was shot in an actual fallout shelter in Nova Scotia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b50aa051c8edd3fe89a3df2d3aea9ef8", "text": "Doug Jung Doug Jung is an American screenwriter and film producer . He is known for writing the screenplay for the 2016 film Star Trek Beyond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e8758e191e11fd68c9a9d2edb66b17", "text": "Crabs (film) Crabs ! is an upcoming American horror comedy monster movie written and directed by Pierce Berolzheimer and starring Jessica Morris and Dylan Riley Snyder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d544b30fdf59bab87ce95a12b9c93970", "text": "Mosquito (film) Mosquito ( also known as Blood Fever ) is a 1995 science-fiction horror film directed by Gary Jones . The film features actor Gunnar Hansen , who played the character Leatherface in the 1974 horror film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre , along with Ron Asheton , lead guitarist for the band the Stooges . The film has earned a cult following since its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e79f3974d919bbece8c13e64197bd1", "text": "The Unknown Terror The Unknown Terror is a 1957 American science fiction/horror film . The film was written by Kenneth Higgins and directed by Charles Marquis Warren . ( The original working title was Beyond Terror . ) The film was theatrically released in 1957 on a double bill with Back from the Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfb7d599de377014bdcb5b5a0e48d4dc", "text": "Alien Dead The Alien Dead is a 1980 American horror film directed by Fred Olen Ray . Ray co-wrote the script with Martin Nicholas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d691f7fe57f0b85c6d51546b6ca44f20", "text": "Hellmaster Hellmaster is a 1992 American horror film . The film was written and directed by Douglas Shulze and is about a psychotic college professor who uses unsuspecting students as laboratory rats , injecting them with a drug that mutates them into brutal slaughterers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b10a85a2858982016ff183e04187841f", "text": "Quiet Kill Quiet Kill , also known as Nightmare Boulevard , is a 2004 film directed by Mark Jones . It stars Corbin Bernsen and Claudia Christian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bad4b485cfb08565d134c8067bddc7", "text": "The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f31cdc0eb907e43d9965efa42c04f999", "text": "Death Machine Death Machine is a 1994 Japanese-British science fiction action-horror film written and directed by Stephen Norrington . It stars Brad Dourif , Ely Pouget , William Hootkins , John Sharian , and Richard Brake . Rachel Weisz , still early in her career at the time of the film 's release , appears briefly in the role of a Junior Executive . The film was the directorial debut of Norrington , who had previously worked as a special effects artist on films such as Lifeforce , Aliens , Hardware , The Witches , and Split Second . However , Norrington infamously expressed distaste in the original cut , and the film has undergone numerous reedits since . The film garnered controversy for its excessive violence and Dourif 's character , resulting in the film being banned in multiple countries , including Iraq , China , Malaysia and Australia . Despite the controversy , the film received mixed reviews , with critics praising the special effects but criticizing the acting and plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d7c4c2a8c30c2fcd6c95bb54501d3c1", "text": "Biohazard (film) Biohazard is a 1985 science-fiction horror film directed by Fred Olen Ray and starring Aldo Ray and Angelique Pettyjohn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cf4acabe20257eb59d5332dd828f367", "text": "The People Under the Stairs The People Under the Stairs is a 1991 American horror film written and directed by Wes Craven and starring Brandon Adams , Everett McGill , Wendy Robie , A. J. Langer , Ving Rhames and Sean Whalen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de8b6e72c0e66dd0a164016e6991a55f", "text": "Quarantine (2008 film) Quarantine is a 2008 American found-footage supernatural horror film directed and co-written by John Erick Dowdle , produced by Sergio Aguero , Doug Davison , and Roy Lee , and co-written by Drew Dowdle , being a remake of the Spanish film REC . The film stars Jennifer Carpenter , Jay Hernandez , Columbus Short , Greg Germann , Steve Harris , Dania Ramirez , Rade Šerbedžija , and Johnathon Schaech . Quarantine features no actual composition , it is `` scored '' by sound effects . In comparison to REC , it features several differences such as added and excluded scenes and characters , dialogue , and a different explanation for the virus . The film was released by Sony 's subsidiary Screen Gems on October 10 , 2008 . It received polarizingly favorable reviews from critics and was a general box office success . The film was followed by a sequel , Quarantine 2 : Terminal ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "420198a647d98cb9416ac351cfa70aeb", "text": "Phantoms (film) Phantoms is a 1998 American science fiction horror film adapted from Dean Koontz 's 1983 novel of the same name . Directed by Joe Chappelle with a screenplay by Koontz , the film stars Peter O'Toole , Rose McGowan , Joanna Going , Liev Schreiber , Ben Affleck , Nicky Katt , and Clifton Powell . The film takes place in the peaceful town of Snowfield , Colorado , where something evil has wiped out the community . It is up to a group of people to stop it or at least get out of Snowfield alive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddfb99a1388f42d781b1eb9fa9585516", "text": "Andrew Jones (filmmaker) Andrew Jones ( born 6 October 1983 ) is a British screenwriter and director . He is best known for writing , directing and producing low budget independent horror films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "609342f0f40b421c61933fa795c7e681", "text": "Ganja & Hess Ganja & Hess is a 1973 experimental horror film written and directed by Bill Gunn and starring Marlene Clark and Duane Jones . The film follows the exploits of anthropologist Dr. Hess Green ( Jones ) who becomes a vampire after being stabbed by his intelligent , but unstable , assistant ( Gunn ) with an ancient cursed dagger . Green falls in love with his assistant 's widow , Ganja ( Clark ) , who learns Green 's dark secret . This film contains the only other lead role for Duane Jones , best known for starring in the 1968 film Night of the Living Dead ( though he appeared in bit-parts in other movies ) . The film was screened at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival . It was remade by Spike Lee in 2014 as Da Sweet Blood of Jesus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e9562630c3e228fc705eef5206e541c", "text": "Dr. Terror's Gallery of Horrors Dr. Terror 's Gallery of Horrors is a low-budget 1967 colour scope anthology film by David L. Hewitt from stories by Russ Jones . The film includes footage from Roger Corman 's Edgar Allan Poe adaptations . The similarity of its title to Amicus Productions ' hit Dr. Terror 's House of Horrors led to numerous enforced title changes , including Return from the Past , The Blood Suckers , Alien Massacre , and most commonly Gallery of Horror ( on-screen ) and Gallery of Horrors ( on packaging ) . It has also been released as The Witch 's Clock , after the first story , and the only one to feature star John Carradine , who hosts the interstitial segments . It also stars Lon Chaney Jr. , Rochelle Hudson , Roger Gentry and Vic McGee . The other stories include `` King Vampire , '' `` Monster Raid , '' `` Spark of Life , '' and `` Count Alucard , '' which is credited as `` Count Dracula . '' In the latter story , Jonathan Harker ( one of several roles played by Gentry ) is revealed , in a humorous twist , to be a werewolf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e792cc903ad83e994718b6c5e13cf424", "text": "Mongrel (film) Mongrel is a 1982 American horror film written and directed by Robert A. Burns . This is the only feature film Burns directed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dd440ecce4210efbe6ddee25f8e5045", "text": "Firebird 2015 AD Firebird 2015 AD is a 1981 Canadian science fiction film directed by David M. Robertson and starring Darren McGavin and Doug McClure .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e6eff3a730a502cb36807f5a8ebb88d7
Little Mix is a girl group.
[ { "docid": "bda54f0f2495d827546a5aa61216f7e9", "text": "Get Weird Get Weird is the third studio album by British girl group Little Mix . It was released on 6 November 2015 , through Syco Music and Columbia Records . The album was preceded by the release of the singles `` Black Magic '' and `` Love Me Like You '' . Two further singles were subsequently released from the album , `` Secret Love Song '' and `` Hair '' . Get Weird peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart with sales of 60,053 in its first week . It also charted at number one in Ireland , number two in Australia , and in the top twenty in twelve other charts , including Sweden , Italy , Netherlands , and the US . As of November 2015 , Little Mix are the only girl group from the UK to have their first three albums debut in the top fifteen of the Billboard 200 . As of August 2016 , the album has been certified double platinum in the UK for shipments of over 600,000 units .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa754b8394f967f865ae171dda8db815", "text": "Little Mix Little Mix are a British girl group formed in 2011 during the eighth series of the UK version of The X Factor . They are the first and , so far , only group to win the competition . Following their victory , they signed with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco Music and released a cover of Damien Rice 's `` Cannonball '' as their winner 's single . The members are Jade Thirlwall , Perrie Edwards , Leigh-Anne Pinnock , and Jesy Nelson . Little Mix released their debut album DNA in 2012 , which peaked inside the top 10 in ten countries including the UK and US . This made Little Mix the first girl group since the Pussycat Dolls to reach the US top 5 with their debut album , as well as earning the highest debut US chart position by a British girl group , breaking the record previously held by the Spice Girls . In the UK , the album spawned the number-one single `` Wings '' . The group 's sophomore effort Salute , which was released in 2013 , became their second album to debut inside the top 10 in both the UK and US . The album produced two top 10 singles in their home country ; `` Move '' and `` Salute '' . Little Mix released their third studio album Get Weird in 2015 and it is their best-selling and longest charting album to date in the UK . The album 's lead single `` Black Magic '' reached number one in the UK and was also nominated for two Brit Awards in 2016 . The group 's 2016 fourth studio album Glory Days became their first number one album in the UK and was also the longest reigning girl group Number 1 since the Spice Girls ' debut album 20 years ago . The album 's lead single `` Shout Out to My Ex '' became the group 's fourth UK number one single , while the second single `` Touch '' became the group 's tenth top ten hit in the UK Singles Chart . The group won Best British Single for `` Shout Out to My Ex '' at the 2017 Brit Awards , they have also received several other awards during their career , including two MTV Europe Music Awards , two Teen Choice Awards and two Glamour Awards . As of October 2016 the group has achieved four platinum certified albums and eleven certified singles in the UK . With four UK number one singles and highest first week UK album sales for a girl band since the Spice Girls , Little Mix are one of the most successful female acts in contemporary British popular culture : they appeared on Debrett 's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK . Little Mix currently holds the record for the most VEVO Certified Videos for a British female artist , pushing Adele into second place , and also the most certified videos for a girl group . The group has 10 certified videos in total .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b953ec6feab154f5dd677475eb24b842", "text": "Salute (song) `` Salute '' is a song recorded by British girl group Little Mix for their second studio album of the same name ( 2013 ) . It was released on 30 May 2014 as the album 's third and final single . It was co-written by the group ( Perrie Edwards , Jesy Nelson , Leigh-Anne Pinnock and Jade Thirlwall ) with TMS ( Thomas Barnes , Peter Kelleher and Ben Kohn ) and Maegan Cottone , and produced by TMS . Lyrically , `` Salute '' is a girl-power song , being called `` a call to arms for women everywhere to stand up and fight whatever imaginary enemy is standing in their way , '' with military metaphors , war sirens , and hip hop and trap influences , drawing comparisons to Destiny 's Child and Beyoncé 's `` Run the World ( Girls ) '' . The backing track samples Xzibit 's Paparazzi . Music critics gave the song positive reviews , with most praising its empowering lyrics and military-inspired drum beats . Some even noticed it would fit perfectly as an opening song for the tour , as well as being one of the strongest tracks of 2013 . The song became a top-ten hit on the charts of Scotland and United Kingdom , becoming the band 's sixth top-ten single in the UK , while reaching the top-twenty in Ireland and top-forty in Belgium . A music video for the song features the band dancing in an underground warehouse with an entourage of male dancers , some of whom are on leads . To promote the song , the band performed in many TV shows , including Britain 's Got Talent and the Today Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1a2dcac66c98269208423e020706186", "text": "Shout Out to My Ex `` Shout Out to My Ex '' is a song by British girl group Little Mix . It is the first single from their fourth studio album Glory Days ( 2016 ) and premiered on The X Factor live shows on 16 October 2016 , becoming the band 's fourth number-one single in the United Kingdom . The track was written by Edvard Førre Erfjord , Henrik Michelsen , Camille Purcell , Iain James and Little Mix , with production credits from Erfjord and Michelsen under their production monikers , Electric . The song musically is a dance-pop and power pop song that talks about not showing feelings of regret after breaking up with a boyfriend and wishing well to the new couple .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae937e23f0c98a323063b43c0ddeea9a", "text": "DNA (Little Mix album) DNA is the debut studio album by British girl group Little Mix . It was released on 19 November 2012 in the United Kingdom via Syco Music . The group began work recording the album in December 2011 and concluded in September 2012 . Throughout the recording process , Little Mix worked with several producers , including TMS , Future Cut , Steve Mac , Jarrad Rogers , Richard `` Biff '' Stannard , Ash Howes , Jon Levine , Xenomania , Fred Ball and Pegasus . The album was co-written by Little Mix and they stated that they were involved in the development of the album as much as possible . Sonically , the album is primarily a mixture of pop and R&B records , with influences from dance-pop , pop rock and hip hop found on specific songs as well . The album 's lyrical content explores empowerment , relationships and heartbreak . Songs on the album were also co-written by members of other girl groups , including Nicola Roberts of Girls Aloud , Shaznay Lewis of All Saints and T-Boz of TLC . DNA received mixed reviews from music critics . The album 's lead single , `` Wings '' , was released on 26 August 2012 , reaching number one in UK and Ireland as well as charting in Australia , New Zealand , Slovakia , Czech Republic , Hungary , Belgium , Canada and the US . The second single , `` DNA '' , was released on 11 November 2012 , peaking at number three in the UK . Two post-album singles were released : `` Change Your Life '' on 3 February 2013 , and a remix of `` How Ya Doin ' ? '' featuring American rapper Missy Elliott was released on 17 April 2013 ; both songs reached the top 20 in the UK . The album charted in the top 5 in eight countries , including number three in the UK , and at number four on the US Billboard 200 ; making Little Mix the first girl group since Danity Kane in 2006 to reach the top 5 with their debut album , as well as earning the highest debut Billboard chart position by a British girl group , breaking the record previously held by the Spice Girls ' debut album Spice ( 1996 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2776b50caa97a0ce74ffd84067707769", "text": "Black Magic (song) `` Black Magic '' is a song by British girl group Little Mix . It was written by Camille Purcell , Ed Drewett , Edvard Forre Erfjord , and Henrik Michelsen . The Norwegian production duo Electric , who previously worked on the group 's second studio album Salute ( 2013 ) , produced the single with Matt Rad , who is additional producer . It was released as the lead single from their third studio album , Get Weird on 21 May 2015 . `` Black Magic '' received critical acclaim from critics , who praised its upbeat and catchy sound and compared it to songs from their debut album , DNA ( 2012 ) . The single topped the UK Singles Chart with combined sales of 113,000 , making it the group 's first single to top the chart since their 2012 single `` Wings '' . The single also peaked within the top 10 of the charts in Ireland , Israel and Australia , achieving platinum certification in the latter . On the UK Singles Chart , `` Black Magic '' remained at the top of the chart for three weeks , becoming the first single by a girl group to do so since Sugababes 's `` About You Now '' in October 2007 . The song was nominated for Choice Love Song at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards . On 17 August 2015 , the single debuted at 99 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , before rising to number 68 the following week , subsequently becoming their highest peak on the chart thus far . In its third week in the Billboard Hot 100 , `` Black Magic '' climbed one more place to reach a new peak of 67 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c469bfe9734e42e1960fdc4236a6a4", "text": "Wings (Little Mix song) `` Wings '' is a song by British girl group Little Mix . It was co-written by the group in collaboration with Iain James , Erika Nuri , Michelle Lewis , Mischke , Heidi Rojas and the song 's producers , TMS . It was released as their second single after winning the eighth series of the X Factor in 2011 , and the lead single from their debut studio album DNA ( 2012 ) . Syco serviced the single to BBC Radio 1 in the United Kingdom on 2 July 2012 and it was released for digital download on 10 July 2012 . The uptempo song , which features modern beats , drums , horns and clapping , is a pop arrangement with elements of R&B and old school . Lyrically , the song has themes of girl power , maternal advice and individuality . `` Wings '' was well received by contemporary music critics , who praised its lyrical message , upbeat sound and vocals . `` Wings '' was the group 's most successful single to date , until they released `` Black Magic '' in 2015 . It topped the UK Singles Chart with sales of 107,000 copies in its first week . The single also reached number one in Ireland and Scotland and number three in Australia , where it was certified triple platinum . It charted in the top 40 in three other countries , peaking at number 79 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 26 on the US Billboard Pop Songs chart . The accompanying music video was filmed at an abandoned warehouse . The clip shows the group dancing and singing in front of colourful backdrops and a pink Union Jack flag , wearing urban-styled outfits corresponding to the backdrops . The video received favorable reviews from critics , who praised the group 's fashion sense , dancing and confidence . Little Mix promoted the song by performing it live on a number of television shows ( including Red or Black ? and The X Factor Australia ) and during their 2013 DNA Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015072911e965cb857f3681ae1cde8d0", "text": "Move (Little Mix song) `` Move '' is a song by British girl group Little Mix . It was released as the lead single from their second studio album , Salute ( 2013 ) . It was co-written by the group with Maegan Cottone and Nathan Duvall , and produced by the latter . An R&B song , that moves away from Little Mix 's previous melody-led ventures , featuring more quirky sounds with bass synth . The girl band stated that the song is about when a boy on the dance floor is `` acting too cool for school '' and they would like him to move . The single was made available for pre-ordering on iTunes on the same day as its radio impact without the official single artwork . The single received its first airplay in the United Kingdom on 23 September 2013 and was released for digital download on 3 November 2013 , a week before the release of Salute in that country . It debuted and peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "5e6b960d2a13b2f5afacd85b0dec2fe6", "text": "Little Sister (Queens of the Stone Age song) `` Little Sister '' was the first single released by the rock group Queens of the Stone Age from their fourth album Lullabies to Paralyze . It was first released in December 2004 as a promotional single , but was later released as a commercial single on March 7 , 2005 . The song was recorded live in the studio in one take .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d963faf55007b7759b152d402f6cdd37", "text": "The Greatest Hits Tour (Girls Aloud) The Greatest Hits Tour was the third concert tour by Irish and British girl group Girls Aloud , in support of their first greatest hits album The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits . Girls Aloud returned to Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , having not performed there on 2006 's Chemistry Tour . The band performed sixteen dates in various arenas across the United Kingdom and Ireland , making it their second arena tour . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour kicked off in Cheryl Cole 's hometown of Newcastle on 14 May 2007 and concluding in near Nadine Coyle 's home in Belfast on 2 June 2007 . The show was divided into five unique sections with distinct costumes , including the encore . Girls Aloud descended onto the stage from the ceiling as they performed `` Something Kinda Ooooh '' . They performed fourteen of the fifteen singles they had released at the time , as well as a couple of album tracks and a Dirty Dancing medley . A number of songs were also remixed or reworked . Girls Aloud received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics , who praised Girls Aloud 's original songs but criticized the number of cover versions and the show 's lack of budget . Critics also noted Girls Aloud 's provocative attire . Much like the greatest hits album , The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour was a commercial success . Girls Aloud released another studio album and announced an accompanying tour for the following year . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour remains Girls Aloud 's only tour not to receive a video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c7bfb622b3fa4b00e26e39a30b6e78", "text": "Mix (magazine) Mix magazine is a periodical , billing itself as `` the world 's leading magazine for the professional recording and sound production technology industry '' . The magazine is headquartered in New York City and distributed in 94 countries . Its Korean version , Mix Korea , was started in 2007 . Mix is published by NewBay Media , who bought it from Penton Media in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e45f6dc57dfc670e651425bc4e455c4", "text": "T.A.T.u. t.A.T.u. ( Тату , -LSB- tɐˈtu -RSB- ) were a Russian music duo that consisted of Julia Volkova and Lena Katina . The duo was managed by Russian television producer Ivan Shapovalov while in the group Neposedi . The duo was signed to their own production company , T.A. Music , following the split with Universal Music Russia , and their sub-labels Interscope Records and Neformat . The duo established their world success with their debut English-language single `` All the Things She Said '' , which gained acclaim from music journalists and critics . The video of the single , however , generated controversy worldwide , showing the girls kissing in the rain in school uniforms . Along with the number-one single , the following songs `` Not Gon na Get Us '' and `` All About Us '' gained success and also charted at number one on other contemporary music charts . The duo has released six studio albums ; three in Russian and three in English . The album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane achieved huge success worldwide and eventually became the first group ever to get the IFPI Europe platinum award for the same album in two different languages . Due to their success , the duo was recognized as one of the most successful female music acts to emerge in the early decade and have established themselves as the most successful Russian act to date . t.A.T.u. represented Russia in the 2003 Eurovision Song Contest , performing `` Ne Ver ' , Ne Boysia '' , finishing in third place . In March 2011 , the duo officially announced their separation , due to personal reasons and conflicts between them and embarked on solo careers , which started around the end of 2008 . As of 2016 , t.A.T.u. have sold over 25 million records , and both the Russian and English version of 200 Km/h are listed among the best-selling albums by a girl group . They reunited in late December 2012 for a concert and announced their comeback after their performance in the opening ceremony of the Olympics in Sochi 2014 . However , due to personal issues between Volkova and Katina , the duo announced that their project would only consist of their newest single and music video , `` Lyubov ' V Kazhdom Mgnovenii '' ( `` Love In Every Moment '' ) to promote a Russian short film which premiered at the 67th Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70019a21b04f8e83bbc1424444aabb2b", "text": "Dance Mix Dance Mix is the first remix album by the Turkish pop singer , Murat Boz . It was released on August 14 , 2012 . Includes 8 remixes and the remake of the song `` Yazmışsa Bozmak Olmaz '' feat Ozan Doğulu , 1993 hit from the Turkish singer Kenan Doğulu . The first single of `` Dance Mix '' is '' Özledim ( Gurcell Club Mix ) '' released on September 17 , 2012 , accompanied by a music video directed by Nihat Odabaşı . On April 12 , 2013 both remixed songs '' Özledim ( Gurcell Club Mix ) '' and `` Geri Dönüş Olsa ( Erdem Kınay Remix ) '' won on the category of `` Best Remix '' on Kral TV Turkish Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f70846c000de5e23eb8da0cfee94fc8", "text": "Girls (band) Girls was an American indie rock band , formed in San Francisco in 2007 . The band comprised two key members : Christopher Owens , songwriter and lead singer , and Chet `` JR '' White , who played bass and produced . Girls ' sound was heavily inspired by the music of the 1950s , 1960s and 1970s , with their sound being described as lo-fi , surf rock , rock and roll , psychedelic rock , pop rock , country rock and garage rock . Girls ' debut full-length , Album , was released in 2009 to critical acclaim . Its 2011 follow-up , Father , Son , Holy Ghost , was also well-received . On July 2 , 2012 , Owens announced that he was leaving the band and would continue to record as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "924cf7a526a4df9677c9b4ddb263658d", "text": "Little Sister (band) Little Sister was an American all-female vocal harmony group , which served primarily as the background vocalists for the influential rock/funk band Sly and the Family Stone in concert and on record . Originally a gospel music group called The Heavenly Tones , Little Sister was composed of Vet Stewart ( Family Stone frontman Sly Stone 's little sister ) , Mary McCreary , and Elva Mouton , and became a recording act of its own for a brief period in 1970-1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43919a7565f64ef569950521ed1070fe", "text": "Girl Thing (album) Girl Thing is the self-titled debut and only studio album by British-Dutch girl group Girl Thing . The album is a mix of 2000s girl pop and 1970s disco . It features 16 tracks including the singles `` Last One Standing '' , `` Girls on Top '' and `` Young , Free and Happy '' , which was only released in Australia and New Zealand . The album is notable in that it includes the song `` Pure and Simple '' , which was released as the debut single by Popstars winners Hear ` Say and went on to sell over 1 million copies . Although Girl Thing are an English group , due to poor sales of their second single , `` Girls on Top '' , the album was not initially released in the UK . It was however finally released to UK iTunes 13 years after its original release , coinciding with the group 's appearance on the ITV2 television series The Big Reunion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34a39c45a524055b28171d25cc9ec030", "text": "A Little Bit `` A Little Bit '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Jessica Simpson . It was written by Kara DioGuardi , Steve Morales and David Siegel , and was produced by Morales along with Ric Wake . The song was released as the second and final single from Simpson 's second studio album Irresistible ( 2001 ) , on October 29 , 2001 through Columbia Records . Musically , the song is a mid-tempo dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about the protagonist wanting changes in a relationship she is in . The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics ; most of them appreciated the song 's production . It failed to chart in the United States , but reached number sixty-two on Australian Singles Chart . An accompanying music video , directed by Hype Williams , shows Simpson dancing on a futuristic dance floor , along with her backup dancers . Simpson performed the song on her DreamChaser Tour ( 2001 ) , the 2001 Jingle Bell Bash and a few televised shows . `` A Little Bit '' was covered by Welsh singer Rosie Ribbons for her unreleased album Misbehaving . Her version was released as a single through Telstar Records and peaked at number nineteen on the UK Singles Chart . The single was promoted through a promotional music video , which shows Ribbons performing dance routines with her dancers , and live performances on various televised appearances like CD : UK and Top of the Pops and Smile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34a611d4976d3981185f66bc4eda96a5", "text": "Little Machines Little Machines is the third studio album by Canadian electropop singer-songwriter Lights , released on September 23 , 2014 through Warner Bros. . Records . It was preceded in July 2014 by the release of its lead single `` Up We Go '' , which debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at 84 . In October 2014 , Little Machines debuted on the Canadian Albums Chart at No. 5 , and on the US Billboard 200 at No. 34 . The album sold 8,500 copies in its first week in Canada . On March 15 , 2015 , ` Little Machines ' won the ` Pop Album of the Year ' award at the 2015 JUNO Awards . The album title comes from a lyric in the song `` Running with the Boys '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e67309f1f6fa2c39e9aa192ba666fa3", "text": "In the Mix In the Mix may refer to : In the Mix ( film ) , a film starring Usher In the Mix ( TV series ) , an American program for teenagers The Best of 10 Years - 32 Superhits , a 1986 album by Boney M. re-released in 2008 as In the Mix", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec8b92b2b7a3e41a15a7067e798b8d48", "text": "Little My Little My ( original Swedish : Lilla My ( literally : `` little mu '' ) is a character in the Moomin series of books by Tove Jansson . The character first appeared in the fourth book , The Exploits of Moominpappa ( 1950 ) . She is a small , determined and fiercely independent Mymble . Little My is brash , aggressive , mischievous and disrespectful , but can also be a good friend when she wants to . She is the Mymble 's daughter 's younger sister . She was eventually adopted by the Moomin family . The name Little My originated from the twelfth letter of the Greek alphabet : μ ( Mu ) -- transliterated as my and pronounced in Swedish . In the metric system , lowercase mu μ , meaning `` one-millionth '' , represents the prefix `` micro - '' , from the Greek μικρός ( mikrós ) , meaning `` small '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8a4ce66889086fec618f96a32c3e5f", "text": "Some Girls (band) For the punk band see Some Girls ( California band ) . Some Girls ( formed in 2001 ) is an American indie rock trio composed of Juliana Hatfield ( guitar and vocals ) , Heidi Gluck ( electric bass guitar , keyboard , harmonica , lap steel guitar , and vocals ) and Freda Love Smith ( drums and vocals ) . The group 's songs are generally melodic , upbeat , and lighthearted . The group released first album , Feel It , in 2003 and toured the United States . Their second album , Crushing Love , was released in July 2006 on Koch Records . The release includes a DVD containing tour and studio footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c845dc4e52a1fac256860844007f028d", "text": "TMS (production team) TMS are an English songwriting and record production team composed of Tom ` Froe ' Barnes , Ben Kohn and Peter ` Merf ' Kelleher , originating from West London . They are the writing/production team behind G-Eazy and Bebe Rexha 's `` Me , Myself & I '' , Jess Glynne 's `` Do n't Be So Hard On Yourself '' , Sigma 's `` Changing '' , Professor Green 's `` Read All About It '' , Emeli Sandé 's `` Read All About It , Pt . III '' , Little Mix 's `` Wings '' and Dappy 's `` No Regrets '' which on 25 September 2011 , became the eleventh homegrown chart topper in a row , eclipsing a record set in 1963 when UK artists held the number one spot for an uninterrupted run of ten singles . Their records played major roles in Sandé and Little Mix breaking chart records , the former in the UK ( the longest ever stay in the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart ) and the latter in the US ( first album from British girl group to go straight into US album chart top 5 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466ca16fe142bd74c6adc3c3bfba7e68", "text": "You Gotta Not (Little Mix song) `` You Got ta Not '' is a song by English girl group Little Mix from their fourth studio album Glory Days ( 2016 ) . It was co-written by American recording artist Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d5e90258d656c22d076946511c1623c", "text": "Mixed Mixed is the past tense of mix . It may also refer to : Mixed breed ( disambiguation ) , an animal whose parents are from different breeds or species Mixed anomaly , in theoretical physics , an example of an anomaly Mixed data sampling , an econometric model developed by Ghysels Mixed Doubles ( play ) , a 1969 play that was first performed Mixed drink , see cocktail Mixed feelings , ambivalence Mixed forest , see Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Mixed gauge , see Dual gauge Mixed government , a form of government that integrated facets of democracy , oligarchy , and monarchy Mixed inhibition , a combination of two different types of reversible enzyme inhibition Mixed language , a language that arises when two languages are in contact Mixed martial arts , a combat sport in which two competitors use different martial arts for fighting Mixed media , in visual art , refers to an artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed Mixed metaphor , see Metaphor ( language ) Mixed oxide fuel , see Nuclear reprocessing Mixed reality , the merging of real world and virtual worlds Mixed spices , a common sweet blend of spices Mixed strategy , used in game theory economics Mixtape , a home-made compilation of songs Multiracial , a person who is of multiple races Mixed ( United Kingdom ethnicity category ) , an ethnicity category that has been used by the United Kingdom 's Office for National Statistics since the 1991 Census Mixed ( album ) , a compilation album of two avant-garde jazz sessions featuring performances by the Cecil Taylor Unit and the Roswell Rudd Sextet Mixed Terrain Cycle-Touring , cycling over a variety of surfaces and topography on a single route , with a single bicycle Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder , a diagnostic category defining patients who suffer from both anxiety and depressive symptoms of limited and equal intensity accompanied by at least some autonomic features Mixed model , a statistical model containing both fixed effects and random effects , that is mixed effects Mixed train , a train that hauls both passenger and freight cars or wagons Audio mixing ( recorded music ) , the process of combining and balancing multiple sound sources Mixed-sex education , e.g. as in `` mixed school ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25f900ce6ddae4da2b8c14e357e034cc", "text": "Beer Mixes A beer mix usually refers to a beer-based drink which also includes one or more other taste components ; the actual beer content is usually 40 to 70 per cent . The beer mix market is characterised by a wide range of products e.g. beer with cola , lemon , various lemonades , fruit juices etc. . Today , beer mixes are an established part of German drinking culture and are popular amongst all age groups due to the wide range of flavours and varieties . The main target group is young adults . They are , however , enjoyed by consumers of all ages , from early adulthood up to old age . Beer mixes are available in alcoholic as well as non-alcoholic versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aff6c5bc1f32eb98fb6b989bca86050", "text": "Change Your Life (Little Mix song) `` Change Your Life '' is a song recorded by British girl group Little Mix for their debut studio album , DNA ( 2012 ) . It was written by Richard `` Biff '' Stannard , Tim Powell , Ash Howes and Little Mix , while its production was handled by Stannard and Powell . `` Change Your Life '' was written while the group were on The X Factor Tour and it was the first song composed for the album . It was written based on the group 's experience on The X Factor and their fans . Syco serviced the song , the third single from DNA , to radio stations in the United Kingdom on 5 January 2013 . It was released for digital download on 15 February 2013 . The song has themes of girl power , perseverance and self-empowerment . A mid-tempo pop power ballad , `` Change Your Life '' exhibits the influence of soul and urban contemporary music . Instrumentation includes tumbling R&B piano lines and a pulsating , driving backbeat . The contemporary sound provided by its instrumentation has similarities to several songs produced by Coldplay and Ryan Tedder . `` Change Your Life '' attracted mixed to positive reviews from critics , most of whom considered it a highlight on DNA , commending the group 's harmonies and the song 's inspirational lyrics . Some reviewers , however , felt that it was weak and poor alternative to the album 's lead single , `` Wings '' ( 2012 ) . `` Change Your Life '' reached number 12 in Ireland and the United Kingdom , becoming Little Mix 's fourth consecutive top 20 hit in both countries . It also became their second top ten hit in Australia , peaking at number 8 . `` Change Your Life '' was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association . The accompanying music video was released on 31 January 2013 . Filmed backstage at the group 's DNA Tour and on their tour bus , it shows the group bonding with each other . Met with mixed reviews , critics likened it to Spice Girls ' 1997 music video , `` Mama '' . Little Mix have performed `` Change Your Life '' on television shows Dancing on Ice , The Graham Norton Show and This Morning and during their DNA Tour ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2d424d9830bade9844751d1469a7e3f", "text": "Girl Friends (band) Girl Friends is a K-Pop group made up of real-life friends , Yuri and Chae Rina . They released two albums with mixed success ; their debut single was `` Maybe I Love You . ''", "title": "" } ]
fever
4af3afc64fa5f99c95163284953eef14
Cancer can be prevented by maintaining a healthy weight.
[ { "docid": "fa7a8ee6aff12d3a2451e02e81bd53c1", "text": "Cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body . Not all tumors are cancerous ; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body . Possible signs and symptoms include a lump , abnormal bleeding , prolonged cough , unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements . While these symptoms may indicate cancer , they may have other causes . Over 100 types of cancers affect humans . Tobacco use is the cause of about 22 % of cancer deaths . Another 10 % is due to obesity , poor diet , lack of physical activity , and excessive drinking of alcohol . Other factors include certain infections , exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants . In the developing world nearly 20 % of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B , hepatitis C and human papillomavirus ( HPV ) . These factors act , at least partly , by changing the genes of a cell . Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops . Approximately 5 -- 10 % of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person 's parents . Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests . It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy . Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking , maintaining a healthy weight , not drinking too much alcohol , eating plenty of vegetables , fruits and whole grains , vaccination against certain infectious diseases , not eating too much processed and red meat , and avoiding too much sunlight exposure . Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer . The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial . Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy , surgery , chemotherapy , and targeted therapy . Pain and symptom management are an important part of care . Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease . The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment . In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80 % . For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66 % . In 2015 about 90.5 million people had cancer . About 14.1 million new cases occur a year ( not including skin cancer other than melanoma ) . It caused about 8.8 million deaths ( 15.7 % ) of human deaths . The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer , prostate cancer , colorectal cancer and stomach cancer . In females , the most common types are breast cancer , colorectal cancer , lung cancer and cervical cancer . If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40 % of cases . In children , acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often . In 2012 , about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer . The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries . Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world . The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $ 1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "d38f3d50719c8c827596c25923349af5", "text": "Healthy Lifestyles for High School Students Health and fitness are dominating western culture , and while adults are able to communicate with or hire trained professionals to assist in their journeys to overall health , many teenagers and students do not have access to the resources necessary to answer any questions they may have , or point them in the right direction when starting on their road to fitness . This Wikipedia page aims to teach all those who read it how to create and maintain a healthy lifestyle , regardless of your financial status , schedule , or location . Highlights : What is a Healthy Diet ? Establishing Goals Creating a Diet/Exercise Plan Maintaining a Healthy Diet Finding Time to Exercise Measuring Progress", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9c003cb7a1324635b91f8ac63ee18ee", "text": "Liver cancer Liver cancer , also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer , is cancer that starts in the liver . Cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver , known as liver metastasis , is more common than that which starts in the liver . Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage , swelling of the abdomen , yellowish skin , easy bruising , weight loss , and weakness . The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B , hepatitis C , or alcohol . Other causes include aflatoxin , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , and liver flukes . The most common types are hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) , which makes up 80 % of cases , and cholangiocarcinoma . Less common types include mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary biliary neoplasm . The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging with confirmation by tissue biopsy . Preventive efforts include immunization against hepatitis B and treating those infected with hepatitis B or C. Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease . Treatment options may include surgery , targeted therapy , and radiation therapy . In certain cases ablation therapy , embolization therapy , or liver transplantation may be used . Small lumps in the liver may be simply closely followed . Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth most frequent cancer ( 6 % ) and the second leading cause of death from cancer ( 9 % ) . In 2012 it occurred in 782,000 people and in 2015 resulted in 810,500 deaths . In 2015 , 263,000 deaths from liver cancer were due to hepatitis B , 167,000 to hepatitis C , and 245,000 to alcohol . Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common , including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa . Males are more often affected with HCC than females . Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old . Five-year survival rates are 18 % in the United States . The word `` hepatic '' is from the Greek hêpar , meaning `` liver . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e1f3a1760dc7293f173f72e07263c64", "text": "George L. Blackburn George L. Blackburn , MD , PhD , was the S. Daniel Abraham Professor of Nutrition and Associate Director of the Division of Nutrition at Harvard Medical School . He was also Director of the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine ( CSNM ) in the Roberta and Stephen R. Weiner Department of Surgery , and Director of the new Feihe Nutrition Laboratory at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center ( BIDMC ) , Boston , Massachusetts . CSNM has a long history of giving health care providers and the public clear , actionable information on healthy living and the prevention and treatment of overweight , obesity , and their related comorbidities . The Feihe Nutrition Laboratory will carry out research on the connection between diet , nutrition , and cognition across the human lifespan . Specific areas to be addressed are the nutritional demands of infant brain development ; promotion of infant gastrointestinal health and nutrient absorption ; development of novel nutritional components of infant formula ; research on lactose and infant brain development ; and studies on obese and/or diabetic mothers and infants at high risk of obesity and diabetes . Dr. Blackburn 's research spanned the full range of scientific endeavors . These include the role of fatty acids and proteins on energy biochemistry , the nutrient effects of bioactive components on cellular and molecular function , the metabolic correlates of weight loss following surgical treatment of obesity , and the neurocognitive bases of exercise and eating behavior . Multidisciplinary collaborations and the dissemination of best practices in surgical , nonsurgical , and neurocognitive interventions for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases are ongoing priorities . The launch of the Feihe Nutrition Laboratory will enable Dr. Blackburn to revisit research on foods for special dietary purposes , including the reengineering of formula diets using the new sciences of gut microbiota and probiotics . In 1965 , he received his medical degree from the University of Kansas . He completed his internship and residency at Boston City Hospital , Harvard Medical School , and in 1973 , earned his doctorate in nutritional biochemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . In 2008 , he published the critically acclaimed weight loss book , `` Break Through Your Set Point . How to Finally Lose the Weight you Want and Keep it Off '' . He was a director of EChO - Eradicate Childhood Obesity Foundation , Inc. since 2015 . He died from melignant melanoma on 20 February 2017 at the age of 81 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46da54d6dfaeb14e2b8627a5140ee404", "text": "Cure A cure is the end of a medical condition ; the substance or procedure that ends the medical condition , such as a medication , a surgical operation , a change in lifestyle , or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person 's sufferings ; or the state of being healed , or cured . A remission is a temporary end to the medical signs and symptoms of an incurable disease . A disease is said to be incurable if there is always a chance of the patient relapsing , no matter how long the patient has been in remission . An incurable disease may or may not be a terminal illness ; conversely , a curable illness can still result in the patient 's death . The proportion of people with a disease that are cured by a given treatment , called the cure fraction or cure rate , is determined by comparing disease-free survival of treated people against a matched control group that never had the disease . Another way of determining the cure fraction and/or `` cure time '' is by measuring when the hazard rate in a diseased group of individuals returns to the hazard rate measured in the general population . Inherent in the idea of a cure is the permanent end to the specific instance of the disease . When a person has the common cold , and then recovers from it , the person is said to be cured , even though the person might someday catch another cold . Conversely , a person that has successfully managed a disease , such as diabetes mellitus , so that it produces no undesirable symptoms for the moment , but without actually permanently ending it , is not cured . Related concepts , whose meaning can differ , include response , remission and recovery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a393f8bb44e001c22e098c5186fa63", "text": "Psycho-oncology Psycho-oncology is a field of interdisciplinary study and practice at the intersection of lifestyle , psychology and oncology . It is concerned with aspects of cancer that go beyond medical treatment and include lifestyle , psychological and social aspects of cancer . Sometimes it is also referred to as psychosocial oncology or behavioral oncology because it deals with psychosocial and behavioral topics . The field is concerned both with the effects of cancer on a person 's psychological health as well as the social and behavioral factors that may affect the disease process of cancer and/or the remission of it . This is where the effects of : Chemobrain or post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment `` PCCI '' would be addressed . Radiation induced cognitive decline issues . Placebo effect and the nocebo effect will be studied . Self care issues are studied . Transition to survivorship phase of cancer journey ( See : Cancer survivor ) Psycho-oncology , as a subspeciality , addresses the two major psychological dimensions of cancer : the psychological responses of patients to cancer at all stages of the disease and that of their families and caretakers ( called oncopsychology ) ; and the psychological , behavioral and social factors that may influence the disease process ( called psychosocial-oncology ) . Psycho-oncology is an area of multi-disciplinary interest and has boundaries with the major specialities in oncology : the clinical disciplines ( surgery , medicine , pediatrics , radiotherapy ) , epidemiology , immunology , endocrinology , biology , pathology , bioethics , palliative care , rehabilitation medicine , clinical trials research and decision making , as well as psychiatry and psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb172834a9bef037824fc241cd994c0e", "text": "Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus ( DM ) , commonly referred to as diabetes , is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period . Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination , increased thirst , and increased hunger . If left untreated , diabetes can cause many complications . Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis , nonketotic hyperosmolar coma , or death . Serious long-term complications include heart disease , stroke , chronic kidney failure , foot ulcers , and damage to the eyes . Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced . There are three main types of diabetes mellitus : Type 1 DM results from the pancreas 's failure to produce enough insulin . This form was previously referred to as `` insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus '' ( IDDM ) or `` juvenile diabetes '' . The cause is unknown . Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance , a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly . As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop . This form was previously referred to as `` non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus '' ( NIDDM ) or `` adult-onset diabetes '' . The most common cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise . Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels . Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet , regular physical exercise , a normal body weight , and avoiding use of tobacco . Control of blood pressure and maintaining proper foot care are important for people with the disease . Type 1 DM must be managed with insulin injections . Type 2 DM may be treated with medications with or without insulin . Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar . Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 DM . Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby . , an estimated 415 million people had diabetes worldwide , with type 2 DM making up about 90 % of the cases . This represents 8.3 % of the adult population , with equal rates in both women and men . , trends suggested the rate would continue to rise . Diabetes at least doubles a person 's risk of early death . From 2012 to 2015 , approximately 1.5 to 5.0 million deaths each year resulted from diabetes . The global economic cost of diabetes in 2014 was estimated to be billion . In the United States , diabetes cost $ 245 billion in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6048abea3c32c16e149e4fed69f00ab", "text": "Alternative cancer treatments Alternative cancer treatments are alternative or complementary treatments for cancer that have not been approved by the government agencies responsible for the regulation of therapeutic goods . They include diet and exercise , chemicals , herbs , devices , and manual procedures . The treatments are not supported by evidence , either because no proper testing has been conducted , or because testing did not demonstrate statistically significant efficacy . Concerns have been raised about the safety of some of them . Some treatments that have been proposed in the past have been found in clinical trials to be useless or unsafe . Some of these obsolete or disproven treatments continue to be promoted , sold , and used . Promoting or marketing such treatments is illegal in most of the developed world including the United States and European Union . A distinction is typically made between complementary treatments which do not disrupt conventional medical treatment , and alternative treatments which may replace conventional treatment . Alternative cancer treatments are typically contrasted with experimental cancer treatments -- which are treatments for which experimental testing is underway -- and with complementary treatments , which are non-invasive practices used alongside other treatment . All approved chemotherapeutic cancer treatments were considered experimental cancer treatments before their safety and efficacy testing was completed . Since the 1940s , medical science has developed chemotherapy , radiation therapy , adjuvant therapy and the newer targeted therapies , as well as refined surgical techniques for removing cancer . Before the development of these modern , evidence-based treatments , 90 % of cancer patients died within five years . With modern mainstream treatments , only 34 % of cancer patients die within five years . However , while mainstream forms of cancer treatment generally prolong life or permanently cure cancer , most treatments also have side effects ranging from unpleasant to fatal , such as pain , blood clots , fatigue , and infection . These side effects and the lack of a guarantee that treatment will be successful create appeal for alternative treatments for cancer , which purport to cause fewer side effects or to increase survival rates . Alternative cancer treatments have typically not undergone properly conducted , well-designed clinical trials , or the results have not been published due to publication bias ( a refusal to publish results of a treatment outside that journal 's focus area , guidelines or approach ) . Among those that have been published , the methodology is often poor . A 2006 systematic review of 214 articles covering 198 clinical trials of alternative cancer treatments concluded that almost none conducted dose-ranging studies , which are necessary to ensure that the patients are being given a useful amount of the treatment . These kinds of treatments appear and vanish frequently , and have throughout history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de2013946e9a0982bb2d294a6fbe4334", "text": "Cardiovascular disease in China Cardiac disease in China is on the rise . Though incidences of heart disease have increased faster in the city than in the countryside , rural morbidity and mortality rates are now on the rise as well . Health statistics shows that the ischemic heart disease mortality rate in rural China has approximately doubled since 1988 . Unlike in developed countries , there is no preventive or primary health care system in place to stop the rise of cardiac disease . The real extent of heart disease in rural China is unknown because statistics are fraught with error and bias due to difficulties in ascertaining cause of death in places where 90 % die without seeing a doctor . Therefore , there is a need to ascertain the real incidence and prevalence of heart disease and to develop adequate preventive and primary care in the Chinese countryside .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b9f383f652be0c6ada88719bf5d0e97", "text": "Metabolically healthy obesity Metabolically healthy obesity or metabolically-healthy obesity ( MHO ) is a debatable medical condition characterized by obesity which does not produce metabolic complications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7661b91b81bc02f83174372e1ca383d", "text": "Adherence management coaching Adherence management coaching ( AdM coaching ) is an evidence-based applied behavioral approach for significantly improving patient adherence and reducing unplanned hospital readmissions . It is based on the research and work of Bob Wright , Aubrey Daniels and BF Skinner . AdM coaches identify patients at high risk for readmission as a direct result of not following their discharge plan . Once identified , AdM Coaches work with these patients ( patient engagement ) to identify consequences ( consequence analysis ) with their plan of care that might result in non-adherence . Together , with their provider , AdM Coaches establish a patient centered adherence improvement plan ( AIP ) . The AIP is used to identify target behaviors , desired results ( clinical outcomes ) and reinforcers that support following their plan of care and developing adherent habits . Following hospital discharge , at-risk patients , and their families , are followed and coached by an AdM Coach for several months as the adherent replacement habits are developed and strengthened . Home and work environments are filled with cues of a lifetime of habits . While meeting with at-risk patients and their families , AdM coaches identify these cues and work with the family to replace them and reinforce healthier habits . All new behaviors , if not reinforced , will return to the life-style habits that contributed to hospitalization in the first place . Adherence management provides a coaching toolkit to be used in conjunction with Teachback , motivational interviewing , pill counting , biochemical measurements , pharmacy data-base of usage and Directly Observed Treatment Short course ( DOTS ) . Worldwide , half of all patients choose to not follow their plan of care . Current programs , like the teach-back method , focus on teaching all patients , just prior to their discharge , the new information they need to follow to once they go home . Motivational Interviewing takes more nurse educator time as together , with the patient , they attempt to identify and overcome areas of ambivalence concerning their disease process and plan of care . Other programs focus on alerting devices and pill-minders to aid patients in remembering to take their medications on time . At best , these `` cues '' or antecedents have had a marginal impact on improving adherence . The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has extended provider responsibility and accountability well beyond the front doors of clinics and hospitals . CMS , in responding to a hospital question concerning levels of responsibility following discharge , responded writing , `` Post discharge care is a joint responsibility . '' Punitive programs have been established within the Affordable Care Act of 2010 as a `` quality incentive '' to create change . Hospitals with readmitted patients , above an allowable range and within 30 days of discharge , lose a 4 % `` Quality Withhold '' . A significant number of these readmissions , because of a lack of post-discharge transitional care coordination and patient engagement , will be the result of non-adherence to their discharge plan . Punishing hospitals for patient non-adherence may have some effect on hospital behavior , but little or no impact on improving patient adherence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743a64c62e87dcc183cb773289154a30", "text": "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption The long-term effects of alcohol ( ethanol ) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse . Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism , malnutrition , chronic pancreatitis , alcoholic liver disease , and cancer . In addition , damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse . The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body . The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol . In addition , the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable , and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs ) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol . The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years . Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption , however , given the many health concerns associated with it , some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug , and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease . Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks , including those of injuries , violence , fetal damage , liver disease , and certain forms of cancer . Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical . Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health . The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases , oropharyngeal cancer , esophageal cancer and pancreatitis . Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis . Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol , most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers , rather than the heavy drinker minority . Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health . Chronic excess alcohol intake , or alcohol dependence , can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment , cardiovascular disease , liver disease , and malignant neoplasms . The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression , dysthymia , mania , hypomania , panic disorder , phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , personality disorders , schizophrenia , suicide , neurologic deficits ( e.g. impairments of working memory , emotions , executive functions , visuospatial abilities and gait and balance ) and brain damage . Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension , coronary heart disease , and ischemic stroke , cancer of the respiratory system , and also cancers of the digestive system , liver , breast and ovaries . Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease , such as cirrhosis . Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging . Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d61ae199b41d2bb4e5dba69748a3c98", "text": "Breast cancer management Breast cancer treatment takes different approaches depending on the conditions . The mainstay of breast cancer treatment is surgery when the tumor is localized , followed by chemotherapy ( when indicated ) , radiotherapy , and , for ER-positive tumours , adjuvant hormonal therapy ( with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor ) . Management of breast cancer is undertaken by a multidisciplinary team based on national and international guidelines . Depending on clinical criteria ( age , type of cancer , size , presence or absence of metastasis ) patients are roughly divided to high risk and low risk cases , with each risk category following different rules for therapy . Treatment possibilities include radiation therapy , chemotherapy , hormone therapy , and immune therapy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef4cd8eac2131d23aab085f1d2dddc0", "text": "Fat Fat is one of the three main macronutrients , along with carbohydrate and protein . '' '' Fats , also known as triglycerides , are esters of three fatty acid chains and the alcohol glycerol . The terms `` oil '' , `` fat '' , and `` lipid '' are often confused . `` Oil '' normally refers to a fat with short or unsaturated fatty acid chains that is liquid at room temperature , while `` fat '' may specifically refer to fats that are solids at room temperature . `` Lipid '' is the general term , though a lipid is not necessarily a triglyceride . Fats , like other lipids , are generally hydrophobic , and are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water . Fat is an important foodstuff for many forms of life , and fats serve both structural and metabolic functions . They are a necessary part of the diet of most heterotrophs ( including humans ) . Some fatty acids that are set free by the digestion of fats are called essential because they can not be synthesized in the body from simpler constituents . There are two essential fatty acids ( EFAs ) in human nutrition : alpha-linolenic acid ( an omega-3 fatty acid ) and linoleic acid ( an omega-6 fatty acid ) . Other lipids needed by the body can be synthesized from these and other fats . Fats and other lipids are broken down in the body by enzymes called lipases produced in the pancreas . Fats and oils are categorized according to the number and bonding of the carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain . Fats that are saturated fats have no double bonds between the carbons in the chain . Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonded carbons in the chain . The nomenclature is based on the non-acid ( non-carbonyl ) end of the chain . This end is called the omega end or the n-end . Thus alpha-linolenic acid is called an omega-3 fatty acid because the 3rd carbon from that end is the first double bonded carbon in the chain counting from that end . Some oils and fats have multiple double bonds and are therefore called polyunsaturated fats . Unsaturated fats can be further divided into cis fats , which are the most common in nature , and trans fats , which are rare in nature . Unsaturated fats can be altered by reaction with hydrogen effected by a catalyst . This action , called hydrogenation , tends to break all the double bonds and makes a fully saturated fat . To make vegetable shortening , then , liquid cis '' - unsaturated fats such as vegetable oils are hydrogenated to produce saturated fats , which have more desirable physical properties e.g. , they melt at a desirable temperature ( 30 -- 40 ° C ) , and store well , whereas polyunsaturated oils go rancid when they react with oxygen in the air . However , trans fats are generated during hydrogenation as contaminants created by an unwanted side reaction on the catalyst during partial hydrogenation . Saturated fats can stack themselves in a closely packed arrangement , so they can solidify easily and are typically solid at room temperature . For example , animal fats tallow and lard are high in saturated fatty acid content and are solids . Olive and linseed oils on the other hand are unsaturated and liquid . Fats serve both as energy sources for the body , and as stores for energy in excess of what the body needs immediately . Each gram of fat when burned or metabolized releases about 9 food calories ( 37 kJ = 8.8 kcal ) . Fats are broken down in the healthy body to release their constituents , glycerol and fatty acids . Glycerol itself can be converted to glucose by the liver and so become a source of energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09f95532cded7aa6ee78cdb7aee3baff", "text": "Warburg hypothesis The Warburg hypothesis ( -LSB- ˈvɑrbʊərg -RSB- ) , sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer , postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult to mitochondria . The term Warburg effect describes the observation that cancer cells , and many cells grown in-vitro , exhibit glucose fermentation even when enough oxygen is present to properly respire . In other words , instead of fully respiring in the presence of adequate oxygen , cancer cells ferment . The Warburg hypothesis was that the Warburg effect was the root cause of cancer . The current popular opinion is that cancer cells ferment glucose while keeping up the same level of respiration that was present before the process of carcinogenesis , and thus the Warburg effect would be defined as the observation that cancer cells exhibit glycolysis with lactate secretion and mitochondrial respiration even in the presence of oxygen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c36cf29c6ce80a15ae2031a44e37af8", "text": "Health effects of sunlight exposure The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight has both positive and negative health effects , as it is both a principal source of vitamin D3 and a mutagen . A dietary supplement can supply vitamin D without this mutagenic effect . Vitamin D has a wide range of positive health effects , which include strengthening bones and possibly inhibiting the growth of some cancers . UV exposure also has positive effects for endorphin levels , and possibly for protection against multiple sclerosis . Visible sunlight to the eyes gives health benefits through its association with the timing of melatonin synthesis , maintenance of normal and robust circadian rhythms , and reduced risk of seasonal affective disorder . Long-term sunlight exposure is known to be associated with the development of skin cancer , skin aging , immune suppression , and eye diseases such as cataracts and macular degeneration . Short-term over-exposure is the cause of sunburn , snow blindness , and solar retinopathy . UV rays , and therefore sunlight and sunlamps , are the only listed carcinogens that are known to have health benefits , and a number of public health organizations state that there needs to be a balance between the risks of having too much sunlight or too little . There is a general consensus that sunburn should always be avoided .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2164a4b03e0dc3cbcac9451adc6e9e9c", "text": "Workplace wellness Workplace wellness is any workplace health promotion activity or organizational policy designed to support healthy behavior in the workplace and to improve health outcomes . Known as ` corporate wellbeing ' outside the US , workplace wellness often comprises activities such as health education , medical screenings , weight management programs , on-site fitness programs or facilities . These programs can be classified as primary , secondary , or tertiary health programs , depending on the goal of the specific program . Primary prevention programs usually target a fairly healthy employee population , and encourage them to more frequently engage in health behaviors that will encourage ongoing good health . Example of primary prevention programs include stress management , and exercise and healthy eating promotion . Secondary prevention programs are targeted at reducing behavior that is considered a risk factor for poor health . Examples of such programs include smoking cessation programs and screenings for high blood pressure or other cardiovascular disease related risk factors . Tertiary health programs address existing health problems , and aim to help control or reduce symptoms , or to help slow the progression of a disease or condition . Such programs might encourage employees to better adhere to specific medication or self-managed care guidelines . Workplace wellness programs can be categorized as primary , secondary , or tertiary prevention efforts , or an employer can implement programs that have elements of multiple types of prevention . The lifestyles of people in the workforce are important both for the sake of their own health and for the sake of their employer 's productivity . Companies often subsidize these programs in the hope that they will save companies money in the long run by improving health , morale and productivity , although there is some controversy about evidence for the levels of return on investment . Other examples of workplace wellness organizational policies include allowing flex-time for exercise , providing on-site kitchen and eating areas , offering healthy food options in vending machines , holding `` walk and talk '' meetings , and offering financial and other incentives for participation . In recent years , workplace wellness has been expanded from single health promotion interventions to create a more overall healthy environment including , for example standards of building and interior design to promote physical activity . This expansion is largely been in part to creating greater access and leadership support from leaders in the participating companies . The following information comes from the Kaiser Family Foundation Summary of Findings from 2016 in order to provide current information about employer-sponsored health benefits , the Kaiser Family Foundation ( Kaiser ) and the Health Research & Educational Trust ( HRET ) conduct an annual survey of private and nonfederal public employers with three or more workers . Many employers offer wellness or health promotion programs to help employees improve their health and avoid unhealthy behaviors . Both small and large firms offer a program in at least one of these areas : smoking cessation ; weight management ; behavioral or lifestyle coaching . 46 % of small firms and 83 % of large firms offer these . 3 % percent of small firms and 16 % of large firms reported collecting health information from employees through wearable devices like a Fitbit or Apple Watch . 42 % of large firms with one of these health and wellness programs offered employees a financial incentive to participate in or complete the program . Among most large firms with an incentive for completing wellness programs , incentives include : lower premium contributions or cost sharing ( 34 % of firms ) ; cash , contributions to health-related savings accounts , or merchandise ( 76 % of firms ) ; some other type of incentive ( 14 % of firms ) . Some firms separate financial incentives for different programs and some others have incentives that require participation in more than one type of program ( e.g. , completing an assessment and participating in a health promotion activity ) . There are various types of Wellness Programs offered in firms . Biometric screening programs can help identify cardiovascular risk factors in clients . Larger firms or businesses tend to facilitate more incidences of biometric screening programs . This can be in part to the amount of leadership support that is encouraged by company leaders and then received by employees", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4e3bbcfdfb5b3e5a46427a21693aa64", "text": "Nutrition and Cancer Nutrition and Cancer is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the role of nutritional factors in causing or preventing cancer . It is published eight times a year by Routledge . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 2.322 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "357aad0841923c55b9c4af1fde1e7d47", "text": "Cancer immunoprevention Cancer immunoprevention is the prevention of cancer onset with immunological means such as vaccines , immunostimulators or antibodies . Cancer immunoprevention is conceptually different from cancer immunotherapy , which aims at stimulating immunity in patients only after tumor onset , however the same immunological means can be used both in immunoprevention and in immunotherapy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed3fa13abb90bb991f9e4a1347431771", "text": "Chemotherapy Chemotherapy ( often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx ) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs ( chemotherapeutic agents ) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen . Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent ( which almost always involves combinations of drugs ) , or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms ( palliative chemotherapy ) . Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer , which is called medical oncology . By common usage , the term chemotherapy has come to connote the use of rather non-specific intracellular poisons , especially related to inhibiting the process of cell division known as mitosis , and generally excludes agents that more selectively block extracellular growth signals ( i.e. blockers of signal transduction ) . To avoid these connotations for recently developed ( against specific molecular or genetic targets ) therapies which inhibit of growth-promoting signals coming from classic endocrine hormones ( primarily estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer ) is known as hormonal therapy , while the inhibition of other growth-promoting influences ( especially those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases ) is known as targeted therapy . Importantly , the use of drugs ( whether chemotherapy , hormonal therapy or targeted therapy ) constitutes systemic therapy for cancer in that they are introduced into the blood stream and are therefore in principle able to address cancer at any anatomic location in the body . Systemic therapy is often used in conjunction with other modalities that constitute local therapy ( i.e. treatments whose efficacy is confined to the anatomic area where they are applied ) for cancer such as radiation therapy , surgery and/or hyperthermia therapy . Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic by means of interfering with cell division ( mitosis ) but cancer cells vary widely in their susceptibility to these agents . To a large extent , chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells , which may then lead to cell death if apoptosis is initiated . Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs : cells in the bone marrow , digestive tract and hair follicles . This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy : myelosuppression ( decreased production of blood cells , hence also immunosuppression ) , mucositis ( inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract ) , and alopecia ( hair loss ) . Because of the effect on immune cells ( especially lymphocytes ) , chemotherapy drugs often find use in a host of diseases that result from harmful overactivity of the immune system against self ( so-called autoimmunity ) . These include rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus , multiple sclerosis , vasculitis and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc78bf06e1c38fd28329285b0f65cd73", "text": "Cancer prevention Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer . The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors , and many , but not all , of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices . Greater than 30 % of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors including : tobacco , overweight / obesity , an insufficient diet , physical inactivity , alcohol , sexually transmitted infections , and air pollution . Not all environmental causes are controllable , such as naturally occurring background radiation , and other cases of cancer are caused through hereditary genetic disorders , and thus it is not possible to prevent all cases of cancer .", "title": "" } ]
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Two Tony Awards were won by Anne Bancroft.
[ { "docid": "579038dce7cd0121270a1076cd1755dc", "text": "Anne Bancroft Anna Maria Louisa Italiano ( September 17 , 1931 -- June 6 , 2005 ) , known professionally as Anne Bancroft , was an American actress associated with the method acting school , having studied under Lee Strasberg . Respected for her acting prowess and versatility , Bancroft was acknowledged for her work in film , theatre and television . She won one Academy Award , three BAFTA Awards , two Golden Globes , two Tony Awards and two Emmy Awards , and several other awards and nominations . After her film debut in Do n't Bother to Knock ( 1952 ) and a string of supporting film roles during the 1950s , she won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her lead role in The Miracle Worker ( 1962 ) as the teacher of teenage Helen Keller , reprising her role in the Broadway stage play . She won both an Oscar for her work in the film , and a Tony for the same role in the play . On Broadway in 1965 , she played a medieval nun obsessed with a priest ( Jason Robards ) in John Whiting 's play The Devils , based on the Aldous Huxley novel The Devils of Loudun . She was perhaps best known as the seductress , Mrs. Robinson , in The Graduate ( 1967 ) , a role that she later stated had come to overshadow her other work . Bancroft received several other Oscar nominations and continued in lead roles until the late 1980s . She played a ballet dancer in The Turning Point ( 1977 ) , and in Agnes of God ( 1985 ) , she played the mother superior of a convent who clashes with a psychiatrist played by Jane Fonda over dealings with a troubled young novice nun played by Meg Tilly . In 1987 , she starred with Anthony Hopkins in 84 Charing Cross Road . She appeared in several movies directed or produced by her second husband , comedian Mel Brooks , including the award-winning drama The Elephant Man as well as comedies To Be or Not to Be and Dracula : Dead and Loving It . In the 1990s she returned to supporting roles in films , but continued to play lead roles in television films . She received Emmy and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations , for The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone ( 2003 ) , as well as an Emmy nomination for 2001 's Haven .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2227ab834f2434a56ea7f9dd5140e677", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e1508192f68ce6ac0ae0322cd6836cb", "text": "Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play The Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play has been given since 1960 . Before 1960 there was only one award for both play direction and musical direction , then in 1960 the award was split into two categories : Dramatic and Musical . In 1976 the Dramatic category was renamed to Play . For pre-1960 direction awards please reference Tony Award for Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67fa8f5e20518ae432472e6b66a7bcf6", "text": "17th Tony Awards The 17th Annual Tony Awards took place on April 28 , 1963 , in the Hotel Americana Imperial Ballroom in New York City . The ceremony was broadcast on local television station WWOR-TV ( Channel 9 ) in New York City . The Masters of Ceremonies were Abe Burrows and Robert Morse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8297510517d822e4e2dd949eb38cb7d", "text": "Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey . On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits . The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play . Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio . The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) | La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada . The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre . A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa020ec833f5ebc1bc0d581c49151cf5", "text": "Of Thee I Sing Of Thee I Sing is a musical with a score by George Gershwin , lyrics by Ira Gershwin and a book by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind . The musical lampoons American politics ; the story concerns John P. Wintergreen , who runs for President of the United States on the `` love '' platform . When he falls in love with the sensible Mary Turner instead of Diana Devereaux , the beautiful pageant winner selected for him , he gets into political hot water . The original Broadway production , directed by Kaufman , opened in 1931 and ran for 441 performances , gaining critical and box office success . It has been revived twice on Broadway and in concert stagings in the U.S. and in London . In 1932 , Of Thee I Sing was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dec099c16552ce48bcb54b755be1760", "text": "Tony Award for Best Stage Technician The Tony Award for Best Stage Technician was awarded to acknowledge the contributions of stage technicians in both musicals and plays . The award was first given in 1948 and last presented in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ebc749343a5cfa9b5fba1f9c102a367", "text": "Effie Bancroft Marie Effie Wilton , Lady Bancroft ( 1839 -- 1921 ) was an English actress and theatre manager . She appeared onstage as Marie Wilton until after her marriage in December 1867 to Squire Bancroft , when she usually appeared under the name Lady Bancroft . Bancroft and her husband were important in the development of Victorian era theatre through their presentation of innovative plays at the London theatres that they managed , first the Prince of Wales 's Theatre and later the Haymarket Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99120be6dd892de1cd84e52eff5ab785", "text": "Theatre Communications Group Theatre Communications Group ( TCG ) is a non-profit service organization dedicated to nurturing , strengthening and promoting professional non-profit theatre in the United States . As of 2014 , TCG has over 700 member theatres located in 47 states ; 172,000 individual members ; and 150 University , Trustee and other business affiliates . TCG is currently headquartered at 520 Eighth Avenue in mid-town Manhattan . TCG offers training , networking and research opportunities to its members , including their annual Fiscal Survey and the resulting publication , the TCG TheatreFacts Report . In addition , TCG awards over $ 2 million in grants each year to nonprofit theatres and individual theatre artists through philanthropic partnerships , including the MetLife/TCG A-ha ! Program . Each year , the organization hosts a number of events for its members on special topics in the nonprofit theatrical industry , including the Fall Forum for Governance in New York City and the annual TCG National Conference , held in a different American city each year . The organization also publishes American Theatre magazine and ARTSEARCH , a theatrical employment bulletin , as well as trade editions of play scripts , including ten winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . TCG was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d51e93def3c33fc71f8fc7c7bf71e82d", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . From 1997 to 2007 , the award was presented as Outstanding Musical Production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6756aa3445fe1bc04d6e6ca692e960f5", "text": "Tony Award for Best Conductor and Musical Director The Tony Award for Best Conductor and Musical Director was awarded to acknowledge the contributions of conductors and musical directors in both musicals and operas . The award was first presented in 1948 , and later discontinued after 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696176d03752a3544d91a4edaa68cb3c", "text": "Golda's Balcony Golda 's Balcony is a play by William Gibson . It follows the trajectory of the life of Golda Meir from Russian immigrant to American schoolteacher to a leader of international politics as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel . Much of its focus is on the period surrounding the 1973 Yom Kippur War , when Israel was attacked by Egypt and Syria . Gibson 's drama suggests Meir threatened Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger with the launch of nuclear weapons against her enemies , conceivably starting World War III , unless the U.S. came to her country 's aid . Gibson first explored Meir in 1977 in his multi-character work Golda , which was produced on Broadway with Anne Bancroft in the title role . Never fully satisfied with the piece , he decided to tackle the subject matter , this time in the form of a one-woman play . Golda 's Balcony , produced by David Fishelson , opened Off-Broadway at Manhattan Ensemble Theatre ( `` MET '' ) on March 26 , 2003 , where it sold out its entire 16-week run . Three months after closing Off-Broadway , the MET production , also starring Tovah Feldshuh and produced by Fishelson ( directed by Scott Schwartz ) , opened on October 15 , 2003 at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 14 previews and 493 performances , making it the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history . Feldshuh was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance . In 2006 the play was adapted into a film of the same title , starring Valerie Harper . The term `` Golda 's Balcony '' refers to the nickname given to an area inside the secretive Dimona nuclear weapons facility from which visiting VIPs can observe some of the activity taking place in the underground portion of the facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a7380bc00d94d41d546db95542c044", "text": "68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards . The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) . Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd845cb5fb5ef5cad1cdc6eee87c2bf", "text": "Thomas Bancroft (priest) Thomas Bancroft ( 1756 -- 1811 ) , was a vicar of Bolton-le-Moors in Lancashire , England . Bancroft was the son of Thomas Bancroft , a thread-maker , was born in Deansgate , Manchester . At the age of six he was admitted into the Manchester Grammar School , where , in course of time , he became a teacher . He held a school exhibition from 1778 to 1781 , and graduated B.A. at Brasenose College , Oxford , 10 October 1781 . In 1780 he obtained the Craven scholarship ; in the same year he assisted in correcting the edition of Homer published by the Clarendon Press , and further helped Dr. Falconer in correcting an edition of Strabo . Being disappointed of a fellowship at Oxford , he returned to Manchester grammar school as assistant master , and remained there until he was appointed head-master of King Henry VIII 's school at Chester . ` Towards the end of last century , ' writes Dr. Ormerod , ` the school attained a considerable degree of classical celebrity under the direction of the late Rev. Thomas Bancroft , afterwards vicar of Bolton-le-Moors in Lancashire . Plays were occasionally performed by the boys , and a collection of Greek , Latin , and English exercises , partly written by the scholars and partly by Mr. Bancroft , was published at Chester ( 1788 ) under the title of `` Prolusiones Poeticæ ''' . While at this school he married Miss Bennett , of Willaston Hall , against the wishes of her father , a wine merchant in Chester . Her father prevented an attempted elopement by running his sword through Bancroft 's leg , a feat for which he had to pay Bancroft 1,000 l. compensation . A marriage soon afterwards took place in defiance of the father , who was never reconciled to his daughter . He bequeathed , however , 1,000 l. each to her two daughters . In 1793 Bancroft was presented by Bishop Cleaver to the living of Bolton-le-Moors , then worth about 250l . a year . In 1798 Bancroft was made chaplain to the Bolton volunteers by royal warrant , and four years previously he had been appointed domestic chaplain to Viscount Castle-Stewart . He was made one of the four ` king 's preachers ' allowed to the county of Lancaster by Dr. Majendie , bishop of Chester , in 1807 . He continued vicar of Bolton until his death on 5 February 1811 . There is a tablet to his memory in the parish church . He published various sermons , the ` Prolusiones ' already mentioned , and wrote three dissertations ( Oxford , 1835 ) . Two tracts , ` The Credibility of Christianity vindicated , ' Manchester , 1831 , and ` The Englishman armed against the Infidel Spirit of the Times , ' Stockport , 1833 , were privately printed for his son-in-law , J. Bradshaw Isherwood . There remain several of his manuscripts in possession of the family of Major Fell , of Bolton , who married one of Bancroft 's granddaughters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81f021ba0209701cee80fdaaa810da08", "text": "Tribute (play) Tribute is a play by Bernard Slade . The plot focuses on Scottie Templeton , a popular actor who has spent his life shirking responsibility . When he discovers he is terminally ill with leukemia , he attempts to reconnect with his long-estranged son . The play had extensive pre-Broadway runs in Boston , at the Colonial Theatre , and Toronto , at the Royal Alexandra Theatre . Before the play opened on Broadway , producer Morton Gottlieb and author Bernard Slade , had sold the movie rights to Paramount for over $ 1 million . On the opening night party at Tavern on the Green , Gottlieb gave out checks to investors , for payment in full , without help from the movie sale . After four previews , the play 's Broadway production opened on June 1 , 1978 at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre . Directed by Arthur Storch and starring Jack Lemmon , it ran for 212 performances . Jack had committed to do the play through November 1978 . The cast included Robert Picardo , Catherine Hicks , and Rosemary Prinz . Lemmon was nominated for both a Tony and a Drama Desk Award for his performance . In 1980 , Slade adapted his play for a feature film directed by Bob Clark , with Lemmon recreating his performance in the lead role . The supporting cast included Robby Benson , Lee Remick , Colleen Dewhurst , John Marley , and Kim Cattrall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22e3f4ecf88340246854dafc02a4d1a0", "text": "Drama League Award The Drama League Awards , created in 1935 , honor distinguished productions and performances both on Broadway and Off-Broadway , in addition to recognizing exemplary career achievements in theatre , musical theatre , and directing . Each May , the awards are presented by the Drama League of New York at the Annual Awards Luncheon with performers , directors , producers , and Drama League members in attendance . Katharine Cornell was the recipient of the first award in 1935 , for Distinguished Performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a7ebb1028327669c513e341434b86c1", "text": "Jill Santoriello Jill Santoriello is an American musician , composer , lyricist , and author . She is a self-taught musician ( playing piano `` by ear '' ) whose award winning first musical A Tale of Two Cities was an Outer Critics Circle Award nominee for Outstanding New Musical in 2009 . Her newest musical `` It Happened In Key West '' , co-written with Jason Huza and Jeremiah James , is ready for production and songs from the show have been performed in New York and Paris . Santoriello was born in Summit , New Jersey and grew up in Berkeley Heights , New Jersey , and graduated from Governor Livingston High School in 1983 . On September 18 , 2008 , Santoriello 's Broadway musical adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities officially opened at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre in New York , from previews on August 19 . The musical 's producers announced on November 4 that the show would be closing on November 16 , but closed earlier than expected on November 9 . In addition to the 2009 Outer Critics Circle Award nomination for Outstanding New Musical , `` Tale '' also received an additional Outer Critics Circle nomination for Best Actor and 3 Drama Desk Award nominations . The world premiere production at the Asolo Theatre was nominated for 12 Sarasota Theater Awards and won 10 , including `` Best Musical '' . In 2009 , Santoriello adapted the musical for the concert stage and co-produced a television filming of the concert at the historic Theater Royal in Brighton , England . This television program will be broadcast on public television , WGBH-Boston in December 2009 and a DVD of the show will be made available . Santoriello also co-produced an accompanying studio recording of the score for simultaneous release with the television show . She also contributed to the music and lyrics to the musical version of Diana Gabaldon 's Outlander . Music by Kevin Walsh and lyrics by Mike Gibb . Her next project is writing a musical of the 1913 Eleanor H. Porter novel Pollyanna .", "title": "" } ]
fever
c7b3bf92cd027e01f95bf2d67d313f2b
In 1984 Olivia Wilde was born.
[ { "docid": "452e9f7e13652057314266e49349a984", "text": "Olivia Wilde Olivia Wilde ( born Olivia Jane Cockburn ; March 10 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , director , and producer . She is well known for her role as Dr. Remy `` Thirteen '' Hadley on the award-winning medical television series House ( 2007 -- 12 ) and her roles in Alpha Dog ( 2007 ) , Tron : Legacy ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Drinking Buddies ( 2013 ) , and Rush ( 2013 ) . She starred in HBO 's rock 'n' roll drama series Vinyl ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94d269ed6c8c731b252b3db0b566d4e7", "text": "John Boswell Maver John Maver ( born 1932 ) is an Australian pianist and composer . Maver was born in Sydney , where he studied the piano : first under Miss Purcell of Botany Bay , then with Kathleen Horne and Ramsay Pennycuick . As a student of the NSW Conservatorium of Music , he studied piano with the noted pianist/composer Frank Hutchens ( a pupil of Tobias Matthay ) , and composition with Raymond Hanson . In Sydney , he performed on radio 2CH , gave recitals and taught before sailing for London in 1968 . Since then , he has given a wide range of concerts , including the Wimbledon Summer Festival , Leighton House , and a much-publicised 1981 Royal Wedding Day concert at St. Martin-within-Ludgate . He is one of the very few composer-pianists on the circuit today . In addition to a wide repertoire of neo-classical music and virtuoso Romantic music , he has established a considerable reputation with the performances of his own compositions , as well as his own poetry ( Albion Enigma ) and he has presented concerts of extemporised keyboard work . He has worked with Ballet Rambert , the Royal Ballet , Arts Educational Schools and the mime artists Adam Darius and Nathaniel . He was also Musical Director of the International Arts Centre -- participating in an American production ( Pantomime ) of Hansel and Gretel . Maver returned to Australia for two years ' sojourn , where he continued to give recitals , most notably for the Polish-Australian Cultural Society ( which was filmed ) and performances at the Sydney Opera House with the Australian Ballet and the English dancer Maina Gielgud for a television film Frozen Music He also appeared in the Sydney Spectacular for the Australian Broadcasting Commission . At the same time he made himself known as an actor -- appearing in TV . Series , commercials , and feature films -- chief among which have been Bodyline , The Last Bastion playing opposite Timothy West , Land of Hope , and Burke and Wills-in the role of conductor ( an operatic sequence with Greta Scacchi ) . Returning to Britain in 1986 , Maver resumed his career with a performance of his Toccata Australis , a substantial work which has been well praised by many international pianists including Vladimir Horowitz , Nelson Friere , and Shura Cherkassky . This work was first performed in Britain by Alan Brown . The American virtuoso pianist Janice Weber has praised several of Maver 's compositions as `` Very Horowitzian '' ; an Étude for the Left Hand Alone as `` Very effective . Sounds as difficult as it is . '' He has recorded a programme of Bach , Beethoven , Chopin and Franz Liszt , in addition to his own compositions and extemporisations . An unpublished novel has been completed , he has established himself as a photographer in the casual style and has exhibited a collection of photos charting the rebuilding of part of the Arts Educational Schools ( theatre ) in Chiswick . Recently a London photo agency has accepted some of his photographic work to be included in their catalogue . Photographs have featured in the local press , Musical Theatre Pantomime Programmes , Spotlight , C.D record Covers , and the Kyoto Gardens Exhibition portfolio . He is related to Sir Harry Lauder , the Scots baritone , music hall singer and composer . ( Previously , J.B. Maver has worked at various hospitals , Sydney / London , as an Anaesthetic Technician , and a Phlebotomist . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1c92b0c521eb5ac9fcf18b54e47a9e2", "text": "Livi Michael Livi Michael , also known as Olivia Michael ( 15 March 1960 , Manchester ) , is a British fiction writer who publishes children and adult novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9015a8e97dcc228dfc296f3c05f5164", "text": "Olivia (Olivia Newton-John album) Olivia is the second studio album by the British-Australian singer-songwriter Olivia Newton-John , released in 1972 . Two of its songs were released as singles ( `` What Is Life '' and `` My Old Man 's Got a Gun '' ) . In its initial release , it was not issued in the United States , though it was sold there as an import . A digitally remastered version was released in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7154abaa8913c7105d237c9822536569", "text": "Aurora (1984 film) Aurora is a 1984 Italian drama film directed by Maurizio Ponzi and starring Sophia Loren , Edoardo Ponti and Daniel J. Travanti . In order to raise money for an operation for her son , a woman tells various former wealthy lovers that they are his father . Its Italian title is Qualcosa di biondo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e549e84374879a6cd88ae7ac262dc8e", "text": "Olivia (Rossner novel) Olivia ( or , The Weight of the Past ) is the penultimate novel by Judith Rossner , author of the critically acclaimed best sellers Looking for Mr. Goodbar and August . Published in 1994 by Crown , Olivia examines `` a mother-daughter conflict set in the world of gastronomy . '' ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7d1ac0bc7856e910ea3199dd66fdb45", "text": "The Living Planet The Living Planet : A Portrait of the Earth is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough , first transmitted in the UK from 19 January 1984 . The sequel to his pioneering Life on Earth , it is a study of the ways in which living organisms , including humans , adapt to their surroundings . Each of the twelve 55-minute episodes ( one fewer than his previous series ) featured a different environment . The executive producer was Richard Brock and the music was composed by Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Part of David Attenborough 's ` Life ' series , it was followed by The Trials of Life ( 1990 ) . However , before the latter , Attenborough wrote and presented two shorter series : The First Eden ( 1987 ) , about man 's relationship with the natural habitats of the Mediterranean , and Lost Worlds , Vanished Lives ( 1989 ) , concerning the discovery of fossils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1001750783dc7c28854877693d0bfe8f", "text": "Viva la vie Viva la vie is a 1984 French film directed by Claude Lelouch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fa529291e13646459191f39c7c33fd4", "text": "Wilde Wilde is a surname . Notable people with the name include :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de599a558a7ddcde561a6d17d1bc3240", "text": "Juno Awards of 1984 The Juno Awards of 1984 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 5 December 1984 in Toronto at a ceremony hosted by Joe Flaherty and Andrea Martin of SCTV at Exhibition Place Automotive Building . The ceremonies were broadcast on CBC Television from 8pm Eastern Time . 1984 was a pioneering year for music video in Canada as MuchMusic began broadcasting in September , and a new Juno award for `` Best Video '' was presented for the first time . As it had been 20 months since the last Juno show , a number of new artist nominees debuted this year including Corey Hart , Honeymoon Suite , Platinum Blonde , The Parachute Club and Zappacosta . The Juno Award itself was revised from 18-inches high to a 15-inch statuette , retaining the metronome shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa42c202f2d7877ab8535499f0744a7b", "text": "Olivia Records Olivia Records was a collective founded in 1973 to record and market women 's music . Olivia , named after the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school , was the brainchild of ten lesbian-feminists ( the Furies Collective and Radicalesbians ) living in Washington , D.C. who wanted to create a feminist organization with an economic base . Olivia was co-founded by Judy Dlugacz . In 1973 , the collective put out a 45 with Meg Christian on one side and Cris Williamson on the other . Yoko Ono responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia , but the collective politely declined . Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person , they made $ 12,000 with that 45 , enough to put out singer Meg Christian 's first record , and soon after , Williamson 's groundbreaking album The Changer and the Changed . Sandy Stone was Olivia 's sound engineer from ca. 1974-1978 , recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period . She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman . The debate continued in Janice Raymond 's book The Transsexual Empire , which devoted a chapter to criticism of `` the transsexually constructed lesbian-feminist '' . In 1977 , after repeated criticism by Anita Bryant , Olivia put out Lesbian Concentrate , a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund . Included on the 13 track LP is Meg Christian 's `` Ode To A Gym Teacher '' and Sue Fink 's `` Leaping Lesbians '' . Olivia moved first to Los Angeles to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to Oakland . The remaining five women of the collective , who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years , began to disperse . Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988 . The two concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history . Yet , The New York Times barely mentioned the show . Even though Olivia Records released world music and salsa records , they were most successful with acoustic solo acts , although sometimes they failed to identify mainstream talent . In 1985 , singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge , then a struggling Los Angeles artist , sent her demo to Olivia , but was ultimately rejected . Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time . She saved the rejection letter , signed by `` the women of Olivia , '' which was featured in Intimate Portrait , the Lifetime Television documentary of her life . Unable to reinvent themselves for the changing musical landscape for women , from riot grrl to Lilith Fair to Ani Difranco , Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label . Olivia Records founded Olivia , the lesbian cruise line , in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e356554d1d4221c9245e7e014147bd81", "text": "Joseph Wilde (writer) Joseph Wilde is a British playwright , screenwriter and dramatist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2055debbb9df0f4c788f0c231ff875a0", "text": "1984 Wightman Cup The 1984 Nabisco Wightman Cup was the 56th edition of the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London in England in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93f1380c7eb98a891e6eb33ba828a5a9", "text": "Lady Windermere's Fan Lady Windermere 's Fan , A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde , first produced on Saturday , 20 February , 1892 at the St James 's Theatre in London . The story concerns Lady Windermere , who suspects that her husband is having an affair with another woman . She confronts him with it but although he denies it , he invites the other woman , Mrs Erlynne , to his wife 's birthday ball . Angered by her husband 's supposed unfaithfulness , Lady Windermere decides to leave her husband for another lover . After discovering what has transpired , Mrs Erlynne follows Lady Windermere and attempts to persuade her to return to her husband and in the course of this , Mrs Erlynne is discovered in a compromising position . It is then revealed Mrs Erlynne is Lady Windermere 's mother , who abandoned her family twenty years before the time the play is set . Mrs Erlynne sacrifices herself and her reputation to save her daughter 's marriage . The best known line of the play sums up the central theme :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ccc92cde1ee4a9009b4d60dda68361", "text": "Falling in Love (1984 film) Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep and directed by Ulu Grosbard . In the film , two married strangers meet randomly , become friends , and fall in love . They spend time together , riding the train into the city of New York , and begin meeting for coffee or lunch . They enjoy their time together and this enjoyment eventually blossoms into love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad57fb0d54a00279aa7d4ecec673acd3", "text": "Dani Wilde Dani Wilde ( born 25 August 1985 , Hullavington , Wiltshire ) is a British singer-Songwriter and guitarist who fuses roots genres including blues , country , gospel , soul and americana into popular song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1de5198b6e5a7f28ffac9c2f5899292", "text": "Oxford Road Show Oxford Road Show is a pop music magazine show broadcast on BBC2 from the BBC 's New Broadcasting House , Oxford Road , Manchester between 1981 and 1985 . The show featured music , pop music news and competitions . Later it was known as ORS 84 and ORS 85 . The show was presented as addressing issues for young adults by young adults . Many bands and artists popular at the time performed on the show including The Cure , Queen , Spandau Ballet , Duran Duran , Simple Minds , U2 , Marillion , Depeche Mode and The Smiths . The show had several presenters including Peter Powell , Jackie Spreckley , Janice Long , Timmy Mallett , Richard Witts , Rob Rohrer and Victoria Studd . Paula Yates , later to present The Tube on Channel 4 , co-hosted an early edition in 1981 . The show was later parodied as `` Nozin ' Aroun ' '' in the first episode of The Young Ones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0de55cc30218f440b4d712a22d6b471", "text": "Vera; or, The Nihilists Vera ; or , The Nihilists is a play by Oscar Wilde . It is a melodramatic tragedy set in Russia and is loosely based on the life of Vera Zasulich . It was Wilde 's first play , and the first to be performed . In 1880 , with only a few copies privately printed , arrangements were made with noted actresses for a production in the United Kingdom , but this never materialized . The first public performance was in New York City in 1883 at the Union Square Theatre , based on revisions made by Wilde while lecturing in America in 1882 . The play was not a success and folded after only one week . It is rarely revived .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ede4a853a7781976589d865b5af382", "text": "C. George Sandulescu Constantin George Sandulescu ( born 11 February 1933 ) is a Joycean scholar , but in the first place , he is a linguist with twelve years ' experience in the Department of Theoretical Linguistics of the University of Stockholm in the 1970s and 1980s , specializing in Discourse Analysis . In that capacity he read a dozen or so papers at various international congresses ( see texts below ) . His education includes a B.A. degree ( Bucharest ) , M.Phil . ( Leeds ) and Ph.D. ( Essex ) . George Sandulescu has worked as a researcher at university level for 12 years in Romania ( between 1957 and 1969 ) , for 12 years in Sweden ( from 1970 to 1982 ) , and for 12 years in the Principality of Monaco ( from 1984 to 1996 ) . He taught at Bucharest University between 1962 -- 1969 . He has lived , worked , and conducted research and teaching in major institutions in Romania , Sweden , Great Britain , the United States and Italy . After the death in 1983 of Princess Grace of Monaco , he substantially assisted in founding the Monaco library bearing her name , and organised important International Conferences there devoted to James Joyce ( 1985 and 1990 ) , William Butler Yeats ( 1987 ) , Samuel Beckett ( 1991 ) , and Oscar Wilde ( 1993 ) . On the invitation of Prince Rainier III , and together with the British writer Anthony Burgess , also a resident of Monaco , George Sandulescu was one of the founders of the Princess Grace Irish Library of Monaco -- the fundamental purpose of which was to publish literary criticism in two distinct series of publications , produced by Colin Smythe Ltd , of Gerrards Cross . More than 25 volumes were published in the period from 1985 to 1997 ; the programme had stopped by 2000 . George Sandulescu attended most James Joyce Conventions , Conferences and get-togethers which took place in Europe ( and some of them in the United States ) between the years 1975 and 1990 . ( The same applied to both Theoretical and Practical Linguistics during the same period of time . ) He stopped in 1990 , after having organized the 12th James Joyce Symposium in the Principality of Monaco . As Director of the Princess Grace Irish Library between 1982 and 1996 , George Sandulescu made a point of organizing World Congresses in Monaco , devoted to the Irish writers Wilde , Yeats , Joyce and Beckett . Both the Director Sandulescu , the Reigning Family , the Trustees of the Library , and the Principality as a whole invited the families of these four writers to actively participate in the event , as an essential point in the success and completeness of these manifestations ( see Proceedings below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba589dd1b8dd949cb66be54fc28ae750", "text": "Oscar's Orchestra Oscar 's Orchestra is a British children 's animated TV series that ran from 1994 to 1996 comprising a total of three seasons and 39 episodes . The series was produced by the popular British animation studio Collingwood O'Hare Entertainment ( who is also famous for producing other such animated TV series and films as Dennis the Menace , Captain Zed and the Zee Zone , The Secret Show and Rarg ) in association with Warner Music Vision and Europe Images and was originally shown on the BBC as part of their children 's block CBBC . It also aired on the British children 's cable networks The Children 's Channel ( TCC ) and Nickleodeon and has broadcast in over more than 100 different countries worldwide such as ARD in Germany , France 2 in France and ABC in Australia . It is set in the distant future , in the year 2743 ( 735,022,381,604 Tuesdays from the show ( The 2743 was calculated with year 735 , month 22 , week 381 and day 604 , as well as from the year the show was released , 1994 ) ) in a city called New Vienna , and was about a talking piano called Oscar , who rebels against the evil dictator of the world , Thaddius Vent , who has banned music . Oscar and his fellow musical instruments plot against Vent and his henchmen , Lucius and Tank , and his soothsayer , Goodtooth , spouting his catchphrase ` You screamed , master ! ' . The voice of Oscar was provided by Dudley Moore . Other members of the orchestra included Monty the violin , Trevor the tuba , Syliva the flute and Eric the triangle . Based on an idea by Jan Younghusband , Oscar 's Orchestra was designed to inspire children with the delights of classical music and incorporates famous orchestrated works from the great composers in each episode such as George Frideric Handel , Johann Sebastian Bach , Ludwig Van Beethoven , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Frédéric Chopin . The episode titles will always continue the theme . For example ` Oscar Cracks A Nut ' and ` Bach To The Future ' .", "title": "" } ]
fever
67346631813dd2c1605cf03101ec1d6b
Donald Trump won the primaries.
[ { "docid": "49917ce44be87922384810809323c6dc", "text": "Donald Trump Donald John Trump ( born June 14 , 1946 ) is the 45th and current President of the United States . Before entering politics , he was a businessman and television personality . Trump was born and raised in Queens , New York City , and earned an economics degree from the Wharton School . He then took charge of The Trump Organization , the real estate and construction firm founded by his paternal grandmother , which he ran for 45 years until 2016 . During his real estate career , Trump built , renovated , and managed numerous office towers , hotels , casinos , and golf courses . Besides real estate , he started several side ventures and has licensed the use of his name for the branding of various products and properties , including Trump Entertainment Resorts , Trump Steaks , and Trump Vodka . He was the founder of Trump University . He owned the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants from 1996 to 2015 , and he produced and hosted The Apprentice , a reality television series on NBC , from 2004 to 2015 . His net worth was estimated to be $ 3.5 billion , making him the 544th richest person in the world . Trump first publicly expressed interest in running for political office in 1987 . He won two Reform Party presidential primaries in 2000 , but withdrew his candidacy early on . In June 2015 , he launched his campaign for the 2016 presidential election and quickly emerged as the front-runner among seventeen candidates in the Republican primaries . His remaining opponents all suspended their campaigns by the end of May 2016 , and in July he was formally nominated at the Republican National Convention along with Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate . Many of his campaign statements were controversial or false , generating much free media coverage . Trump won the general election on November 8 , 2016 , in a surprise victory against Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton and commenced his presidency on January 20 , 2017 . He became the oldest and wealthiest person ever to assume the presidency , the first without prior military or government service , and the fifth to have won the election while losing the popular vote . His political positions have been described by scholars and commentators as populist , protectionist , and nationalist .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1f20654ea3c48c396fb034581fd6926f", "text": "Lion Guard The Lion Guard ( also known as the `` Lions of Trump '' or the `` Lion 's Guard Militia '' ) was a paramilitary far-right wing political group that was formed in 2016 in order to provide self-imposed security ( outside of private security and professional law enforcement ) at the rallies of Republican Party presidential nominee Donald Trump . At its height , the group had a reported membership of just over five hundred , although it boasted several hundred more followers on Facebook and Twitter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a81e09293c7fe0a6c6213284db390ebd", "text": "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump This is a list of presidential trips made by Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States . This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Also excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Trump family in Trump Tower , New York City . International trips are included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "515485bcc9b29b6c06246a507719123d", "text": "South Carolina Republican primary, 2016 The 2016 South Carolina Republican primary took place on February 20 in the U.S. state of South Carolina , marking the Republican Party 's third nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election . The Democratic Party held its Nevada caucuses on the same day , while their South Carolina primary would only take place a week later on February 27 . The states delegates are allocated in this way . 29 delegates are awarded to the winner of the primary . After that , 3 delegates are awarded to the winner of each of the seven congressional districts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b8467a9b74834e22dc038a73cd929cd", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980 The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14 , 1980 , in New York City . It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state 's presidential primary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd7e7a8ddfd77a121be305f10f35bac", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Democratic National Convention held from August 24 to August 27 , 1964 , in Atlantic City , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3127b93b198315b619300de71f092c9", "text": "Residences of Donald Trump U.S. President Donald Trump currently has seven residences . During his time at the New York Military Academy , he lived on campus ; he later rented row houses in college . In 1971 , Trump moved to a studio on 75th Street in Manhattan . Since the completion of Trump Tower in 1983 , Trump has lived in a three-level penthouse on the top floors . He purchased the Seven Springs mansion in Bedford , New York in 1995 . Upon Trump 's election to the US presidency , he moved into the White House in Washington , D.C. while First Lady Melania and their son will stay at Trump Tower in Manhattan until the end of the school year before moving to the White House as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d145b6f9fcdb37505bb9ab8d80b2334", "text": "South Carolina primary The South Carolina primary has become one of several key early-state presidential primaries in the process of the Democratic and Republican Parties choosing their respective general election nominees for President of the United States . Historically , this primary election has been much more important in the Republican Party 's nomination process , considered a firewall that could permanently eliminate any/all serious rivals to the winner . It is meant to force the various factions of the party to decide quickly on and unite behind a single candidate and avoid wasting precious time and resources on a drawn-out battle between their own candidates , that would divert the party 's focus from working to defeat the Democrats ' likely nominee . Since its 1980 inception , the winner of the Republican South Carolina primary has always become the eventual Republican National Convention nominee for that fall 's general election , with one exception , the 2012 primary , in which eventual Republican nominee Mitt Romney finished second , behind winner Newt Gingrich ( who would go on to suspend his campaign before that summer 's convention began ) . South Carolina has cemented its place as the `` First in the South '' primary for both parties . For the Democrats , the 2008 primary took on added significance because it was the first nominating contest in that cycle in which a large percentage ( 55 percent , according to an exit poll ) of primary voters were African Americans . The 2012 South Carolina primary was held on January 21 for Republicans , and on January 28 for Democrats . The 2016 primary was held on February 20 for Republicans , and on February 27 for Democrats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ad2d1d1970927ca8ba9e027c677c0aa", "text": "Our Principles PAC Our Principles PAC is a super PAC established in January 2016 . Its goal is to oppose Donald Trump 's campaign for president . Our Principles PAC is led by Katie Packer , who was deputy campaign manager of Mitt Romney 's 2012 campaign . The month of the Iowa caucuses , the group sent out mailers to voters in the state , attacking Trump . In March , it released a video attacking Trump , featuring women reading some of his sexist statements about women . During the 2016 presidential election campaign , New York-based hedge fund billionaire Paul Singer , whose corporation Elliott Management Corporation ( EMC ) specializes in distressed debt acquisitions , was one of the group 's donors . Singer supported Marco Rubio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e95bb0b617250e919f7fabc008ea39ac", "text": "Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 2012 This article lists possible candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 2012 election . On May 29 , 2012 , former Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts won a majority of pledged delegates for the Republican nomination for President of the United States , and became the presumptive nominee . On August 11 , 2012 , Romney officially announced his selection of Paul Ryan as his running-mate to supporters via an iPhone app , though the selection of Ryan had already leaked to the press hours before the official announcement . Ryan was the first individual from Wisconsin to appear on a major party 's national ticket , although third party presidential candidate Robert La Follette won 16 % of the popular vote in the 1924 presidential election . The Romney-Ryan ticket ultimately lost in the general election to the Obama-Biden ticket , but the defeat did not harm Ryan 's career ; in 2015 , Ryan was elected as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f21f4d79be13380d5fa469f62173ba", "text": "Virginia Democratic primary, 2016 The 2016 Virginia Democratic primary took place on March 1 in the U.S. state of Virginia as one of the Democratic Party 's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election . On the same day , dubbed `` Super Tuesday , '' Democratic primaries were held in ten other states plus American Samoa , while the Republican Party held primaries in eleven states including their own Virginia primary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3e2b5cc5337bd41556da2ef1f53b7a8", "text": "Trump Home Trump Home is a brand of furniture and home items marketed by American businessman and now President of the United States Donald Trump and owned by Trump 's company , The Trump Organization . Trump Home was launched in July 2007 , with two furniture lines manufactured by Lexington Home Brands . A third furniture line was made available in 2008 , at which point the brand was available in more than 18 international territories . A year later , the company partnered with Serta to produce mattresses under the Trump Home name . A line of Trump-branded tabletop crystal , manufactured by a Slovenian company , was launched in 2010 . Trump Home has also sold light fixtures , rugs , bath and bedding collections , and a candle and fragrance diffuser collection . In 2011 , Lexington chose not to renew its licensing agreement with Trump Home . Two years later , Trump Home entered a partnership with furniture company Dorya International to manufacture Trump-branded furniture . Serta ended its affiliation with Trump Home after Donald Trump described Mexican immigrants as `` rapists '' while announcing his 2016 presidential campaign . Lifestyle , a Dubai-based retailer of Trump Home products , also ended their affiliation with the company in 2015 , after Trump announced his plan to ban all Muslims from entering the United States . Other retailers have discontinued sales of Trump Home products since Trump was elected in November 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e78fe7e42495b1a244f7c9f9443cfdff", "text": "Presidency of Donald Trump The presidency of Donald Trump began at noon EST on January 20 , 2017 , the day that Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States , succeeding Barack Obama . Trump , a Republican , was a businessman from New York City at the time of his victory in the 2016 presidential election over Democrat Hillary Clinton . His running mate , former Governor Mike Pence of Indiana , took office as the 48th Vice President of the United States on the same day . Trump 's term in office is set to end on January 20 , 2021 , though he is eligible for election to a second term and has declared his intention to run . During his first few months in office , , Trump has issued 36 executive orders and 25 presidential memoranda . The executive orders 13769 and 13780 dealing with denying admission to the US of people from several foreign countries have been blocked by federal courts . Trump 's nominee to the Supreme Court , Neil Gorsuch , was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 7 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bb56b3d8e585b303a44ed4f71b14572", "text": "Alternative facts `` Alternative facts '' is a phrase used by U.S. Counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway during a Meet the Press interview on January 22 , 2017 , in which she defended White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer 's false statement about the attendance numbers of Donald Trump 's inauguration as President of the United States . When pressed during the interview with Chuck Todd to explain why Spicer `` utter -LSB- ed -RSB- a provable falsehood '' , Conway stated that Spicer was giving `` alternative facts '' . Todd responded , `` Look , alternative facts are not facts . They 're falsehoods . '' Conway 's use of the phrase `` alternative facts '' to describe demonstrable falsehoods was widely mocked on social media and sharply criticized by journalists and media organizations , including Dan Rather , Jill Abramson , and the Public Relations Society of America . The phrase was extensively described as Orwellian . Within four days from the interview , sales of the book 1984 had increased by 9,500 % , which The New York Times and others attributed to Conway 's use of the phrase , making it the number-one bestseller on Amazon.com . Conway later defended her choice of words , defining `` alternative facts '' as `` additional facts and alternative information '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1abc3137d140c349d91224000f971c11", "text": "Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016 In the 2016 United States presidential election , seven members of the U.S. Electoral College voted for a different candidate than whom they were pledged to vote . The Democratic Party nominee , Hillary Clinton , lost five of her pledged electors while the Republican Party nominee and then president-elect , Donald Trump , lost two . Three of the faithless electors voted for Colin Powell while John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one vote . Three additional electors initially voted against their Clinton pledge but had their votes invalidated according to local statutes , so they were replaced or forced to vote again . The defections fell well short of the number needed to change the result of the election ; only two of the seven defected from the presumptive winner , when 37 were needed to change the outcome . Although there had been a combined total of 157 instances of individual electors voting faithlessly in over two centuries of previous US presidential elections , 2016 was a year in which multiple groups of electors worked to alter the result of the election in order to `` vote their conscience for the good of America '' in accordance with Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Paper No. 68 . 2016 was also the first year since 1960 when one of the electors actively worked to change the election . Electors were subjected to public pressure , up to and including death threats . Seven electors successfully cast faithless ballots for president , the most to defect from presidential candidates who were still alive in Electoral College history , surpassing the six electors who defected from James Madison in the 1808 election . Historically , this number of defections has been exceeded only in cases where the presidential candidate was no longer living at the time the electors cast their ballots : the seven faithless presidential votes in 2016 falls well short of the record set in 1872 , when 63 of 66 electors originally pledged to losing candidate Horace Greeley cast their votes for someone else ( Greeley had died between election day and the meeting of the Electoral College ) . The six faithless vice-presidential votes in 2016 is also short of the record for that office , without considering whether the vice-presidential candidates were still living , as multiple previous elections have had more than six faithless vice-presidential votes ; in 1836 , faithless electors successfully moved the vice-presidential decision to the U.S. Senate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a1419876972f5ec4e2461e790b0840", "text": "Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2008 The Iowa Democratic Presidential Caucus occurred on January 3 , 2008 , and was the state caucuses of the Iowa Democratic Party . It was the first election for the Democrats of the 2008 presidential election . Also referred to as `` the First in the Nation Caucus , '' it was the first election of the primary season on both the Democratic and Republican sides . Of the eight major Democratic presidential candidates , then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois received the most votes and was ultimately declared the winner of the Iowa Democratic Caucus of 2008 , making him the first African American to win the caucus . Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina came in second place and then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York finished third , though Clinton received more delegates than Edwards . Campaigning had begun as early as two years before the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64e67de634462fcd55ee7262cef03df", "text": "Not My Presidents Day `` Not My Presidents Day '' ( sometimes `` Not My President 's Day '' , or `` Not My Presidents ' Day '' ) was a series of rallies against the President of the United States , Donald Trump , held on Washington 's Birthday ( an American federal holiday also known as Presidents ' Day ) , February 20 , 2017 . Protests were held in dozens of cities throughout the United States . Demonstrations were also held outside London 's Houses of Parliament , and in Orkney . The marches were mostly coordinated through Facebook . Organizers of the protest stated that although Trump was the president , they wanted to show that he did not represent their values . Los Angeles was the first city to plan a `` Not My Presidents Day '' rally , which was attended by more than a thousand protesters . New York City saw the largest demonstration , with an estimated 10,000 to 13,000 people attending a rally outside Trump International Hotel and Tower . The events were mostly peaceful , although thirteen people were arrested in Portland , Oregon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4aee832419f3f71b0081230cae8d15b6", "text": "Better for America Better for America ( BFA ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 4 ) non-profit organization that was dedicated to getting nationwide ballot access for an independent candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 election . The effort was inspired by the unpopularity of the two major party nominees , Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton , and was seen as part of the Stop Trump movement . The organization 's initial strategy was to gain ballot access in states that do not require a candidate to be named , and then name its candidate after the major party conventions . The candidate was planned to be named by an advisory board rather than through traditional primary elections , or through a crowdsourcing effort like the failed Americans Elect effort in the 2012 election . On August 8 , 2016 , it was reported that Evan McMullin , an anti-Trump Republican and former Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) official , would be Better for America 's nominee . McMullin was officially nominated on August 24 . In July , the organization filed petitions in two states , New Mexico and Arkansas . By early August , Arkansas had accepted the petition , while New Mexico had rejected the petition because it did not have enough valid signatures , although the New Mexico decision was challenged in court . On August 22 , the organization announced that it was ceasing further ballot access efforts . On September 8 , the New Mexico Secretary of State reversed his decision and placed Better For America on the ballot . Notable people involved in the organization include conservative donor John Kingston III and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman . Lawrence Lessig and Randy Barnett expressed their support for the organization in a Time opinion piece .", "title": "" } ]
fever
866a37d79dc3516f0600c5e22740200c
Prince released multiple albums.
[ { "docid": "00157046f026a2ec5a73ff049c2da298", "text": "Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson ( June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 ) was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' . Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind ( 1980 ) , Controversy ( 1981 ) , and 1999 ( 1982 ) -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day ( 1985 ) and Parade ( 1986 ) , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times ( 1987 ) as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 . In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology ( 2004 ) . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "15a3cfa26d204d9ab0beff930bff1522", "text": "Royalty (Childish Gambino album) Royalty ( stylized as R O Y A L T Y ) is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Donald Glover , under the stage name Childish Gambino . It was released on July 4 , 2012 , by Glassnote Records . The album has many featured artists and is produced by Glover and his co-producer Ludwig Goransson , as well as Beck , Boi-1da and SKYWLKR . This is notably different from how Glover operates on other projects , as he has been known to not work with other artists much in his music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3032f895d9e1866b501f4ba3793a3f3b", "text": "The Frog Prince (album) The Frog Prince : The Original Soundtrack Recording is a soundtrack album to the English and French produced romantic comedy film The Frog Prince ( 1984 ) , released in 1985 by Island Visual Arts , a subsidiary label of Island Records . The music was composed by Irish singer , songwriter and musician Enya , but only two of its tracks , The Frog Prince '' and `` Dreams '' , were performed by her with the remaining tracks performed by other musicians or arranged and produced by Richard Myhill . It was reissued in August 1999 by Spectrum Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4d3e5f67867b21dcf58964d32487282", "text": "Around the World in a Day Around the World in a Day is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Prince , and the second to feature his backing band The Revolution . It was released on April 22 , 1985 by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. . Records . Departing somewhat from the commercial sound of his previous release , the massively successful Purple Rain ( 1984 ) , the album instead saw Prince experimenting with psychedelic styles and more opulent textures . In compliance with Prince 's wishes , the record company released the album with minimal publicity , withholding accompanying singles until almost a month after the album 's release . Around the World in a Day was released to notably mixed reception after the success of Purple Rain , though it nonetheless sold relatively well , eventually going double platinum and becoming Prince and the Revolution 's second number-one album on the Billboard 200 . Two of its four singles reached the top 10 : `` Raspberry Beret '' and `` Pop Life '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2466fd4b04e51a751bf6545567b88d85", "text": "Little Prince Little Prince may refer to : The Little Prince , French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 's most famous novella and the eponymously named character within the story , or other versions of the story adapted for various media , including : The Little Prince ( 1974 film ) , a 1974 musical film directed by Stanley Donen The Little Prince ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 computer-animated fantasy film directed by Mark Osborne The Little Prince ( play ) , a theatrical adaptation The Little Prince ( opera ) , a 2003 opera in two acts by Rachel Portman to an English libretto by Nicholas Wright The Adventures of The Little Prince ( TV series ) , an anime series The Little Prince ( 2010 TV series ) The Little Prince and the Aviator , a 1981 musical theatre adaptation List of The Little Prince adaptations , a listing of The Little Prince story adapted into various media Petit-Prince ( moon ) ( English : Little Prince ) , a small moon orbiting asteroid 69 Eugenia , named jointly in honour of the French Empress Eugénie 's son , the Prince Imperial , and as allusion to the eponymously named Saint-Exupéry novella The Little Prince Little Prince ( chief ) ( also named : Tastanaki Hopayi and Tustanagee Hopae , died 1832 ) , chieftain and longtime representative of the Muscogee ( Lower Creeks ) tribe in the United States `` Little Prince '' ( Miami Vice ) , episode of the 1980s undercover cop television series Miami Vice `` The Little Prince '' ( Lost ) , 2009 episode in the fifth season of the American television series Lost `` Little Prince '' ( song ) , a 1974 song by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner which featured in the 1974 film and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 47th Academy Awards The Little Prince ( EP ) , a 2016 extended play ( EP ) by South Korean singer Kim Ryeowook , a member from boy band Super Junior", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3df8da15726dad53052b0c9f67ba21e3", "text": "The Platinum Collection (Queen album) The Platinum Collection : Greatest Hits I , II & III is a box set by British rock band Queen which comprises their three greatest hits albums , Greatest Hits , Greatest Hits II and Greatest Hits III . The album was originally released on 13 November 2000 on the Parlophone label . A booklet with song facts and images is also included with the three CD set . The album 's US release was delayed by Hollywood Records until September 2002 and featured the 2001 Japanese release remastered versions of Greatest Hits Volumes 1 and 2 on the US and Canadian versions of The Platinum Collection . The album peaked at No. 2 in the UK charts , being blocked off the top spot by Moby 's album 18 . As part of Queen 's 40th anniversary celebrations , The Platinum Collection was released in the UK on 27 June 2011 , as well as in other territories around the world . The release consisted of the 2011 remasters of all three albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ca5e2b33ac97ada6e714b68d8436a6d", "text": "Come On (The New Power Generation song) `` Come On '' is a song and the only single released from The New Power Generation 's 1998 album Newpower Soul . Although attributed to The New Power Generation , the song prominently features Prince , as do all songs from the album . The maxi single included several remixes of the song and an exclusive disc sold only through Prince 's 1-800-NEW-FUNK store also included a remix of Newpower Soul 's `` The One '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0cdf533950961210f6df49709799b6b", "text": "The New Power Generation The New Power Generation , also known as The NPG , was the backing band of musician Prince . They were last active in 2013 before Prince made a return to music with 3rdeyegirl as his backing band . In 2015 , the New Power Generation reunited as Prince 's backing band for his final studio album before his death , Hit n Run Phase Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43e4e4994f214c2e401883d1f0096e65", "text": "Prince of Darkness (Alice Cooper album) Prince of Darkness is a compilation album by Alice Cooper released in 1989 . There is no new material released on the album ; however the live version of `` Billion Dollar Babies '' ( Live ) was only released as the B-Side to the RCA single of `` He 's Back ( The Man Behind the Mask ) '' thus making this CD it 's only official digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "863cbfe289e591537a706effc5f86c78", "text": "3 Chains o' Gold 3 Chains o ' Gold is a 1994 direct-to-video film produced and directed by Prince and starring Prince and The New Power Generation . It is a collection of videos for songs from Love Symbol , tied together with a loose plotline . The film was the 69th best-selling video of 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bfa18d998df5c9d28fbe1e5472236a8", "text": "Money Don't Matter 2 Night `` Money Do n't Matter 2 Night '' is a song by Prince and The New Power Generation from their 1991 album , Diamonds and Pearls . Co-written with Rosie Gaines , the lyrics deal directly with money , poverty , and greed . The vocal delivery is similar to that of `` When Doves Cry '' , but more subtle . Overall , the song is a smooth delivery with layered vocals by Prince . While the distorted vocals on the song were unintentional , engineer Michael Koppelman liked the effect and it is assumed that Prince did as well , since his performance was never replaced with a non-distorted take . The B-side is a previously unreleased track `` Call the Law '' , with lead vocals by Tony M. , supplemented by Rosie Gaines on the chorus . Prince provides guitar solos throughout the song . The track was added to the New Power Generation release Goldnigga in 1993 . The UK 12 '' single and CD release also included the album track `` Push '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f17593e0e44bc6b48f05c873a57cc861", "text": "Prince & Princess `` Prince & Princess '' is the third single from Versailles , released on December 10 , 2008 . The single was released in six different versions ; five with a different member on the cover and one regular edition with the whole group on the cover plus the bonus track `` Silent Knight '' . This version of `` Prince '' is slightly different from the one that was first distributed free of charge on the band 's website and then added to the October 22 reissue of their first album , Noble . `` Princess '' is featured on the band 's second album Jubilee , albeit as the re-recording `` Princess - Revival of Church - '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a84f6ff45231cae3ecd492e6f89af82", "text": "Prince Charles Alexander Charles Alexander ( born April 2 , 1958 ) , in Boston , Massachusetts , known professionally as Prince Charles Alexander , is a Grammy Award -- winning American producer , audio engineer , recording artist and educator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c70c6a17a8a6a46e7e31dc89eda0024", "text": "Gotta Stop (Messin' About) `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was the follow-up single in the UK to support Prince 's third album , Dirty Mind . The single was not an album track , though it was written at the same time , and possessed a similar sound . `` Got ta Stop Messin ' About '' b/w `` Horny Toad '' marked the first time Prince released non-album tracks , which , especially as B-sides , would become a prominent part of his career . The song is keyboard dominated , and the lyrics speak of a woman who 's constantly `` messin ' about '' with other men . The song contains familiar Prince themes of sexual frustration , masturbation and sexual metaphors . The track consists of two verses and multiple repeats of the chorus . It was played live on the Dirty Mind Tour with an extended instrumental section at the end . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was released in the UK as two separate 7 '' singles , one with the Dirty Mind track `` Uptown '' as a B-side , and the other with `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , from Prince . Each single also had an accompanying 12 '' single , both with the same tracks as the 7 '' and both including the song `` Head '' , from Dirty Mind . Despite an extensive advertising campaign and promotion , and coinciding with Prince 's first UK gig , neither issue of the single charted . The track would later be released in the U.S. as the B-side of the 12 '' single for `` Let 's Work '' , and become a highly sought-after collector 's item . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was also later released on The Hits/The B-Sides and Prince 4Ever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d044f75d7c7b0584269554878ecc29", "text": "Legs Diamond (band) Legs Diamond is an American rock band that has often been called `` The American Deep Purple '' . They formed in Los Angeles , California starting with Michael `` Diamond '' Gargano ( bass ) and Jeff Poole ( drums ) . The group released their self-titled debut album for Mercury Records in 1977 . The original band broke up in 1980 after three popular albums , but reformed in 1984 after their original albums had begun to acquire a cult following . The new lineup released several more albums and continued to perform throughout the 1990s and 2000s . In 2005 , original frontman Rick Sanford was replaced by ex-Montrose and Wild Horses vocalist John Levesque , and the band released their latest album , `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , in 2006 . Original members include Roger Romeo ( guitar ) , Michael Prince ( keyboards/rhythm guitar ) , and Jeff Poole ( percussion ) . The band still does the occasional gig in the Los Angeles area and at least once a year in San Antonio , TX where they are still hugely popular , the result of being a favorite of influential disc jockey Joe `` the Godfather '' Anthony ( 1940-1992 ) . Keyboardist Michael Prince is active in studio recording , in Los Angeles , working with some better known R+B and Pop Acts , including Beyoncé , Chris Brown , Usher , Los Lobos and Michael Jackson . Guitarist Roger Romeo is also currently working in a new band called the Funkin Maniacs . Power drummer Jon Hyde ( Detective ) and NS Stick and bassist Gary Jibilian round out the trio . They are recording a new CD slated for release early 2012 . As of 2011 , the band was working on their 12th CD due to be available within the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba8147d3f6f01c4ec68d5c09336e5ed", "text": "Situation Hot Situation Hot is actually a re-release of Arabian Prince 's earlier singles from the days before N.W.A. . It was released on cassette in 1990 , then re-packaged as Greatest Hits on CD in 1998 with a slightly expanded track list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752f24bfbd93eeb5ee011f01520f4ba3", "text": "I Wish U Heaven `` I Wish U Heaven '' is a song by Prince , and the third single from his 1988 album , Lovesexy . It is a joyful , spiritual song with few lyrics , which runs 2:43 . The 12 '' single is a substantially extended three-part suite which runs over ten minutes . This song was a replacement for `` The Line '' , an upbeat jam featuring Sheila E. on backing vocals . * Part One of the mix starts with a stripped-down version of the Lovesexy album song , remixed with a dance beat . The original drum programming and rhythmic electric guitar riffs are deleted for much of the song . Part Two is a gospel rendition with new lyrics , continuing the spiritual theme . This part of the song was often sung in concert during the Lovesexy World Tour . The beginning of this section paraphrases lyrics from `` Housequake '' , from the previous album Sign '' ☮ '' the Times . Prince also quotes the film Scarface with the lines `` Say hello to my little friend ... '' and then introduces the `` Blue Angel '' , a new blue version of his custom `` White Cloud '' guitar featured in the film Purple Rain . Sheila E. is also given a call out , and her voice can be heard responding in this section . Part Three is based on an outtake called `` Take This Beat '' and deviates quite a bit from the original theme . This segment has Prince using his `` Jamie Starr '' persona to humorously tout the fact that he 's funky , musically talented , and has plenty of beats ( songs ) that are `` so fine '' . The song ends with a looped repeat of the title . This version of the song became one of the highlights during the supporting tour in which Prince would usually order the house lights to be turned up , and instruct the crowd during a call and response segment . The B-side , `` Scarlet Pussy '' , is credited to Prince 's alter ego , Camille . The song is very sexual , using metaphors of cats and dogs for sexual organs , a theme Prince previously used for the B-side `` La , La , La , He , He , Hee '' . Prince uses his sped-up Camille vocals , as well as a slowed-down vocal , similar to `` Bob George '' from The Black Album . The song features a saxophone solo from Eric Leeds . The decision to include such a raunchy song with the spiritual A-side was noteworthy . The edit of `` Scarlet Pussy '' was included on 1993 's The Hits/The B-Sides .", "title": "" } ]
fever
22b5346eb0a56c83fb98fea719592495
Views is an album.
[ { "docid": "7b66c96170137e27e9b3123a3bf976fe", "text": "Views (album) Views is the fourth studio album by Canadian rapper Drake . It was released on April 29 , 2016 , by Young Money Entertainment , Cash Money Records and Republic Records . Recording sessions took place from 2015 to 2016 , with both Drake and his longtime collaborator and record producer 40 serving as the records executive producers . 40 also primarily handled the production on the album alongside each of these several other record producers such as Nineteen85 , Maneesh Bidaye , Kanye West and Jordan Ullman , among others . The album contains the elements of genres such as R&B , dancehall , hip hop and pop , among others . The album was supported by five singles : `` Hotline Bling '' ( which was included as a bonus track ) , `` One Dance '' featuring Wizkid and Kyla , `` Pop Style '' featuring The Throne ( Jay Z and Kanye West ) , `` Controlla '' and `` Too Good '' featuring Rihanna . `` One Dance '' became Drake 's first number-one single in 10 countries as the lead artist , including Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States . The single spent 10 weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and 15 weeks on the UK Singles Chart . Views was met with lukewarm reviews from critics , many of whom found it to be an overlong retread of Drake 's previous work . Despite this , it spent 13 non-consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 . Views became the first album to accumulate one-billion streams on Apple Music . On December 1 , 2016 , Views was certified Quadruple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . As of January 2017 , Views sold 1.61 million copies and a total of 4.14 million album-equivalent units in the United States . Views was nominated for Album of the Year and Best Rap Album at the 59th Grammy Awards . Additionally , `` Hotline Bling '' won for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song , respectively . The single version of `` Pop Style '' featuring The Throne was nominated for Best Rap Performance .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "80a16fb832838b291ece7c6a41e8e6ae", "text": "My Favourite Album My Favourite Album was a nationwide poll conducted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to discover Australia 's most popular album . Voting was by phone , SMS or over the ABC 's website between 20 September 2006 to midnight on 18 October 2006 . Much of the poll 's promotion was through the ABC 's music trivia program Spicks and Specks and ABC 's youth radio station Triple J . The end result , as voted by more than 100,000 viewers , had Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon voted Australia 's favourite album . The highest Australian artists on the list are Midnight Oil with 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 at # 23 . The `` Top Ten '' results of the voting was aired at 7.30 pm on Sunday 3 December 2006 , on ABC TV , before a studio audience and reviewed by a panel consisting of comedian Judith Lucy , Australian Idol judge Ian Dickson , Spiderbait vocalist Mark `` Kram '' Maher , singer Renée Geyer , and comedian Chas Licciardello . Between segments of the show , comedian Alan Brough discussed unusual trivia arising from the poll . The show was hosted by Triple J presenter Myf Warhurst . The 90 minute show was rescreened at 3pm on 7 January 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c68a02651ff51c645bfe92c8054a5bef", "text": "Multiview projection In technical drawing and computer graphics , a multiview projection is a technique of illustration by which a standardized series of orthographic two-dimensional pictures is constructed to represent the form of a three-dimensional object . Up to six pictures of an object are produced ( called primary views ) , with each projection plane parallel to one of the coordinate axes of the object . The views are positioned relative to each other according to either of two schemes : first-angle or third-angle projection . In each , the appearances of views may be thought of as being projected onto planes that form a six-sided box around the object . Although six different sides can be drawn , usually three views of a drawing give enough information to make a three-dimensional object . These views are known as front view , top view and end view . Other names for these views include plan , elevation and section . The terms orthographic projection and orthogonal projection are sometimes reserved specifically for multiviews . However , orthographic and orthogonal more correctly refer to the right angle formed between the projection rays and the projection plane , versus the angle formed between the subject of the drawing and the projection plane . Thus , orthographic projections include axonometric or auxiliary views in addition to multiviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b46bba3fa244c525774429f4efcb57", "text": "Streams (1999 album) Streams is a 1999 album by various artists in the contemporary Christian music genre . Streams is a loose concept album focusing on the themes of pain and healing . In addition to the vocalists , the Irish Film Orchestra contributes instrumental scores to the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ec93d8abe27c6994ddb0ebc85dd4de", "text": "Viewster Viewster is a global video on demand service that was founded in 2007 and has its headquarters in Zurich , Switzerland . Viewster offers a wide range of ad-supported free TV shows and movies . To watch movies and series on Viewster neither external software nor registration is required .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c30b29dc6d484e2a8fdf60f0cd0bc5", "text": "4+1 architectural view model 4 +1 is a view model designed by Philippe Kruchten for `` describing the architecture of software-intensive systems , based on the use of multiple , concurrent views '' . The views are used to describe the system from the viewpoint of different stakeholders , such as end-users , developers and project managers . The four views of the model are logical , development , process and physical view . In addition selected use cases or scenarios are used to illustrate the architecture serving as the ` plus one ' view . Hence the model contains 4 +1 views : Development view : The development view illustrates a system from a programmer 's perspective and is concerned with software management . This view is also known as the implementation view . It uses the UML Component diagram to describe system components . UML Diagrams used to represent the development view include the Package diagram . Logical view : The logical view is concerned with the functionality that the system provides to end-users . UML diagrams used to represent the logical view include , class diagrams , and state diagrams . Physical view : The physical view depicts the system from a system engineer 's point of view . It is concerned with the topology of software components on the physical layer as well as the physical connections between these components . This view is also known as the deployment view . UML diagrams used to represent the physical view include the deployment diagram . Process view : The process view deals with the dynamic aspects of the system , explains the system processes and how they communicate , and focuses on the runtime behavior of the system . The process view addresses concurrency , distribution , integrators , performance , and scalability , etc. . UML diagrams to represent process view include the activity diagram . Scenarios : The description of an architecture is illustrated using a small set of use cases , or scenarios , which become a fifth view . The scenarios describe sequences of interactions between objects and between processes . They are used to identify architectural elements and to illustrate and validate the architecture design . They also serve as a starting point for tests of an architecture prototype . This view is also known as the use case view . The 4 +1 view model is generic and is not restricted to any notation , tool or design method . Quoting Kruchten ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d70565867ba8c80ccb41cc0615621c8c", "text": "See (album) See is the sixth studio album by rock band The Rascals , released in December 1969 . It peaked at number 45 on the Billboard 200 . Three singles were released from the album although the third one was `` I Believe '' ( which was from Search and Nearness ) b/w `` Hold On '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72158b751235ec16c0fdabe40587435e", "text": "Rising Down Rising Down is the eighth studio album by American hip hop band The Roots , released April 28 , 2008 on Def Jam Recordings . The album 's title is adapted from William T. Vollmann 's book Rising Up and Rising Down : Some Thoughts on Violence , Freedom and Urgent Means ( 2004 ) . Expanding on the dark , dense production and political tone of Game Theory ( 2006 ) , Rising Down features lyrical themes concerning issues of contemporary society , including violence , poverty , social and environmental climate , drugs , police corruption , and the music industry . The album debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 54,000 copies in its first week . It charted modestly in other countries and achieved moderate sales success . Upon its release , Rising Down received generally positive reviews from most music critics . Music critic Robert Christgau named it the ninth best album of 2008 . The album has sold 171,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971e5f6797ce441932a881cbb185cf67", "text": "The Joshua Tree The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno , and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records . In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release , The Unforgettable Fire , the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree . The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music , and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery , it contrasts the group 's antipathy for the `` real America '' with their fascination with the `` mythical America '' . Inspired by American tour experiences , literature , and politics , U2 chose America as a theme for the record . Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland , and to foster a relaxed , creative atmosphere , the group primarily recorded in two houses . Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album , including the band 's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International , the death of roadie Greg Carroll , and lead vocalist Bono 's travels to Central America . Recording was completed in November 1986 ; additional production continued into January 1987 . Throughout the sessions , U2 sought a `` cinematic '' quality for the record , one that would evoke a sense of location , in particular , the open spaces of the United States . They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes . The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim , topped the charts in over 20 countries , and became the fastest-selling album in British history . According to Rolling Stone , the album increased the band 's stature `` from heroes to superstars '' . It produced the hit singles `` With or Without You '' , `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' , and `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , the first two of which became the group 's only number-one singles in the US . The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988 . The group supported the record with the Joshua Tree Tour throughout 1987 . Frequently featured on critics ' lists of the greatest records , The Joshua Tree is one of the world 's best-selling albums , with over 25 million copies sold . U2 commemorated the record 's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release , and its 30th anniversary with announcements of an anniversary concert tour and reissue . In 2014 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the US Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d688c74d022fee9f343a919012aa174b", "text": "Sides (album) Sides is the fourth solo album from former Genesis guitarist Anthony Phillips . It was released in 1979 by Passport Records . For a limited period it was sold bundled with a complimentary copy of his Private Parts and Pieces album . This album was produced by Rupert Hine and intended for a mainstream audience . On the original LP , side one showcased shorter pop songs , while side two highlighted longer , more progressive pieces . Genesis crew members Dan Owen and Dale Newman provide vocals on some tracks . Peter Cross did the artwork for the album . The album was first released on CD in 1990 by Virgin Records . This original CD release contained two extra tracks : `` Souvenir '' and an instrumental version of `` Magdalen '' . As part of Voiceprint 's continued re-issuing campaign of Ant 's back catalogue , the album was re-issued in 2010 as an expanded 2 CD edition . The album is newly re-mastered from the original master tapes by Simon Heyworth and includes the non-album track `` Souvenir '' as an extra track on the first CD . This is in keeping with the track order of the original CD release . The second CD contains variations and alternate mixes of the songs from the album including some unique new mixes which have been made from the original multi-track masters especially for the release . The instrumental version of `` Magdalen '' , which appeared as bonus track at the end of the original CD issue , has been moved to the second disc of this release . Also included is the edited single version of `` Um & Aargh '' which has not previously been available on CD . The second CD also contains two tracks originally intended for inclusion on the original album . `` Catch You When You Fall '' was recorded for the album but was left off because Ant was unhappy with the lyrics . A rough mix was included on Archive Collection Volume One , the version included on the bonus CD is newly mixed in instrumental form from the 24-track master . `` Before The Night '' was left off the album in place of `` Bleak House '' as it was decided to include only one piano-based ballad . On April 22 , 2016 , Esoteric Recordings ( a Cherry Red Records label ) released a 4-disc deluxe edition of the album . Disc 1 contains a 2016 stereo remix of the album . Disc 2 contains the bonus material ( as on the 2010 release ) . Disc 3 contains a remastered version of the original stereo mix of the album . Disc 4 contains a 2016 5.1 surround sound mix of the album on a DVD . The deluxe edition also includes a poster and a 20-page booklet with photos and extensive liner notes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e737a41ea45791914117a3ce5e37c0", "text": "The View (song) `` The View '' is a single by American singer Lou Reed and American heavy metal band Metallica . It is the only single taken from the studio album Lulu , released on September 27 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "843dda5a83a810e5d1496d681c3e8336", "text": "Viewable Impression In the online advertising industry , a Viewable Impression is a metric of ads which were actually viewable when served ( in part , entirely or based on other conditional parameters ) . The first system to deliver reports based on a Viewable Impression metric for standard IAB ( Interactive Advertising Bureau ) Display ad units , called RealVu , was developed by Rich Media Worldwide and accredited by the Media Rating Council on March 9 , 2010 . Other companies to offer viewable impressions include DMA-Institute OnScroll , C3 Metrics , Comscore , and AdYapper , while MSNBC utilizes ServeView , a proprietary system in use since 2010 . The definition of a Viewable Impression may depend on the type of the ad units and the reporting system . For example , a Viewable Impression for ads of pre-defined size delivered to pre-defined space on the content page is registered by RealVu when the Ad Content is loaded , rendered , and at least 60 % of the ad surface area is within the visible area of a viewer 's browser window on an in focus web page for at least one second . Click-through is enabled at the moment of the `` viewable impression '' . Viewable Impressions were developed as an improvement of the online impression metrics measured by first ad servers developed in the mid-1990s , which analyze HTTP requests in a server log and can not provide information on events fired by a viewer 's browser ; thus , they can not measure whether ad content was actually visible to a viewer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "443c156376002f842208550c55baf57e", "text": "View model A view model or viewpoints framework in systems engineering , software engineering , and enterprise engineering is a framework which defines a coherent set of views to be used in the construction of a system architecture , software architecture , or enterprise architecture . A view is a representation of a whole system from the perspective of a related set of concerns . Since the early 1990s there have been a number of efforts to prescribe approaches for describing and analyzing system architectures . These recent efforts define a set of views ( or viewpoints ) . They are sometimes referred to as architecture frameworks or enterprise architecture frameworks , but are not usually called `` view models '' . Usually a view is a work product that presents specific architecture data for a given system . However , the same term is sometimes used to refer to a view definition , including the particular viewpoint and the corresponding guidance that defines each concrete view . The term view model is related to view definitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05fe6a87c43475877c7f03c588d15c9", "text": "List of concept albums This is a list of concept albums produced by bands and solo artists across all musical genres . In popular music , a concept album is an album that is `` unified by a theme , which can be instrumental , compositional , narrative , or lyrical . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e880eed3f7788b82d8d35cb1cf7a091", "text": "Rift (album) Rift is the fourth official studio album by the American rock band Phish . It is the band 's second concept album , the first being The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday in 1987 , which has never been officially released . Rift '' 's songs convey the experience of a man dreaming about the rift in his relationship with his girlfriend . Recorded in September and October 1992 and produced by Muscle Shoals music veteran Barry Beckett , the album was released by Elektra Records on February 2 , 1993 . All songs were written by Trey Anastasio and Phish lyricist Tom Marshall except `` Mound '' and `` Weigh '' by bass guitarist Mike Gordon and `` Lengthwise '' by drummer Jon Fishman . The instrumental , `` All Things Reconsidered '' , is an intentional variation on the theme to the National Public Radio news show All Things Considered , and has been featured on the show itself several times . An orchestral version of the song appears on Trey Anastasio 's 2004 solo album Seis De Mayo . The cover art was created by New York-based painter David Welker , who worked closely with the band during winter 1993 in order to visually depict each of the album 's tracks in a single image , with the notable exception of `` The Horse '' . ( For this reason , a horse intentionally appears on the cover of Phish 's next album , Hoist ) . Relix magazine listed Rift as one of the most iconic album covers of all time in 2007 . Rift '' ' was certified gold by the RIAA on October 15 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da7b794451cd5e38221ec67238ec2e9b", "text": "Synchronoptic view A synchronoptic view is a graphic display of a number of entities as they proceed through time . A synchronoptic view can be used for many purposes but is best suited to the visual display of history . A number of related timelines can be drawn on a single chart showing which events and lives are contemporary and which are unconnected . A synchronoptic view has important educational advantages . Visible information is much more easily learned , than when it is presented only in pure text form . History is an ideal subject for a synchronoptic view . Multiple timelines are able to show how events interacted . Multiple lifelines can show which people were contemporaries . ( See example ) A combination of maps is also synchronoptic when it displays successive moments in time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54aee1ca3be0dc4250cf6bc7856370b8", "text": "Mastertapes Mastertapes is a BBC Radio 4 programme , presented by John Wilson , which discusses the making of significant rock albums . The featured artists are interviewed , in front of an audience , and perform exclusive live tracks , many of which are available on the programme 's website . Each album is discussed over two half-hour programmes : the `` A side '' programme features the artist being interviewed by Wilson , with the `` B side '' programme featuring questions from the studio audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44be99bafd93ccaa7b8dedd2623daa6b", "text": "A View to a Kill (song) `` A View to a Kill '' is the thirteenth single by the English new wave band Duran Duran , released on 6 May 1985 . Written and recorded as the theme for the 1985 James Bond movie of the same name , it became one of the band 's biggest hits . It remains the only James Bond theme song to have reached number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ; it also made it to number 2 for three weeks on the UK Singles Chart . In 1986 , composer John Barry and Duran Duran were nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for `` A View to a Kill '' . The song was the last track recorded by the most famous five member lineup of Duran Duran until their 2001 reunion . It was performed by the band at Live Aid in Philadelphia , their final performance together before their first split . Following Barry 's death , the band paid tribute as their encore at the 2011 Coachella Festival , Simon Le Bon reappearing in a tuxedo for a pared-down version backed by an orchestra , before launching into the full , upbeat track . Bassist John Taylor told the crowd : `` We lost a dear friend of ours this year -- English composer John Barry . This is for him . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38345cdfc8e56f6ed257fa01bd26bdaf", "text": "View View , or variants , may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c65243148c6cb55898d0a71b2cd824b", "text": "Stereoscope A stereoscope is a device for viewing a stereoscopic pair of separate images , depicting left-eye and right-eye views of the same scene , as a single three-dimensional image . A typical stereoscope provides each eye with a lens that makes the image seen through it appear larger and more distant and usually also shifts its apparent horizontal position , so that for a person with normal binocular depth perception the edges of the two images seemingly fuse into one `` stereo window '' . In current practice , the images are prepared so that the scene appears to be beyond this virtual window , through which objects are sometimes allowed to protrude , but this was not always the custom . A divider or other view-limiting feature is usually provided to prevent each eye from being distracted by also seeing the image intended for the other eye . Most people can , with practice and some effort , view stereoscopic image pairs in 3D without the aid of a stereoscope , but the physiological depth cues resulting from the unnatural combination of eye convergence and focus required will be unlike those experienced when actually viewing the scene in reality , making an accurate simulation of the natural viewing experience impossible and tending to cause eye strain and fatigue . Although more recent devices such as Realist-format 3D slide viewers and the View-Master are also stereoscopes , the word is now most commonly associated with viewers designed for the standard-format stereo cards that enjoyed several waves of popularity from the 1850s to the 1930s as a home entertainment medium . Devices such as polarized , anaglyph and shutter glasses which are used to view two actually superimposed or intermingled images , rather than two physically separate images , are not categorized as stereoscopes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b09accab910265a136d84f3e59683792", "text": "Nine Views Nine Views ( Devet pogleda ) is an ambiental installation in Zagreb , Croatia which , together with the sculpture Prizemljeno Sunce ( The Grounded Sun ) , makes up a consistent model of the Solar System . Prizemljeno Sunce by Ivan Kožarić was first displayed in 1971 by the building of the Croatian National Theatre , and since then changed location a few times . Since 1994 it has been situated in the Bogovićeva Street . It is simply a bronze sphere around 2 metres in diameter . In 2004 , artist Davor Preis had a two-week exhibition in the Josip Račić Exhibition Hall in Margaretska Street in Zagreb , and afterwards he placed 9 models of the planets of the Solar System around Zagreb , to complete a model of the entire solar system . The models ' sizes as well as their distances from the Prizemljeno Sunce are all in the same scale as the Prizemljeno Sunce itself . Preis did this installation with very little or no publicity , so his installation is n't well known among citizens of Zagreb . On a few occasions individuals or small groups of people , particularly physics students , `` discovered '' that there was a model of the solar system in Zagreb . One of the earliest efforts to find all of the planets was started in November 2004 on the web forum of the student section of Croatian Physics Society . The locations of the planets are as follows : Mercury - 3 Margaretska Street Venus - 3 Ban Josip Jelačić Square Earth - 9 Varšavska Street Mars - 21 Tkalčićeva Street Jupiter - 71 Voćarska Street Saturn - 1 Račićeva Street Uranus - 9 Siget ( not at the residential building but at the garage across the street ) Neptune - Kozari Way 48 Pluto - Bologna Alley ( underpass ) - included in the installation before being demoted to dwarf planet The system is at scale 1:680 000 000 . Earth 's model is about 1.9 cm in size and at 225 m distance from the sun 's model , while Pluto 's model is 7.7 km away from it .", "title": "" } ]
fever
41ef2c3c92010d6396868842f93fd6c6
Richard Gere starred in an American film from 1982.
[ { "docid": "907f1154f51d8e37d5d647e17ce735b4", "text": "An Officer and a Gentleman An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film starring Richard Gere , Debra Winger and Louis Gossett , Jr. , who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film , and was produced by Lorimar Productions for Paramount Pictures . It tells the story of Zack ( Gere ) , a U.S. Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who is beginning his training at Aviation Officer Candidate School . While Zack meets his first true girlfriend during his training , a local young woman named Paula ( Winger ) , he also comes into conflict with the hard-driving Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant ( Gossett , Jr. ) , the drill instructor training his class . The film was written by Douglas Day Stewart and directed by Taylor Hackford . Its title is an old expression from the British Royal Navy and later from the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice 's charge of `` conduct unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman '' ( from 1860 ) . The film was commercially released in the U.S. on August 13 , 1982 . It was well received by critics , with a number calling it the best film of 1982 . It also was a financial success , grossing $ 130 million against a $ 6 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "711118f6f6fad360b7a2a961f7d41ea3", "text": "Richard Gere Richard Tiffany Gere ( -LSB- ˈɡɪər -RSB- ; born August 31 , 1949 ) is an American actor and humanitarian activist . He began acting in the 1970s , playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and a starring role in Days of Heaven . He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo , which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol . He went on to star in several hit films , including An Officer and a Gentleman , Pretty Woman , Primal Fear , Runaway Bride , Arbitrage and Chicago , for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and a Screen Actors Guild Award for part of the Best Cast .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "66ba0365c4032bd87f0b6fd728080b2c", "text": "Duet for Four Duet for Four is a 1982 film directed by Tim Burstall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8aa40ee90acc8a34550c0c6c3807131b", "text": "The Competition (film) The Competition is a 1980 American drama film starring Richard Dreyfuss and Amy Irving , directed by Joel Oliansky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27259a55bb06065f74ad3a3ab0af04d3", "text": "The Shadow Riders (film) The Shadow Riders is a 1982 American made-for-television western film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and starring Tom Selleck , Sam Elliott , Dominique Dunne , and Katharine Ross . Based on The Shadow Riders by Louis L'Amour , the film is about two brothers who meet up after fighting on opposite sides of the Civil War and return home only to find their siblings kidnapped by ruthless raiders . Together they set out on an adventure to rescue their family . The film reunites actors Selleck , Elliot , and Jeff Osterhage , who also starred in the 1979 film The Sacketts . The Shadow Riders first aired in the United States on September 28 , 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e53947315503d7082a01fbca603e4f45", "text": "Hotline (1982 film) Hotline is a 1982 American made-for-television thriller film directed by Jerry Jameson . The working title of the film was Reach Out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb8f87f74871c4b54b14e6932af5b9f", "text": "The Mark (1961 film) The Mark is a 1961 film which tells the story of a convicted child molester , now out of prison , who is suspected in the molestation and beating of another child . The picture stars Stuart Whitman , Maria Schell , Rod Steiger and Brenda De Banzie . Adapted by Sidney Buchman and Stanley Mann from the novel by Charles E. Israel , the movie was directed by Guy Green . The Mark was selected to compete for a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and Whitman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "865051435edf6e85b04f5f4052010ee5", "text": "Rollover (film) Rollover is a 1981 American political thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula and starring Jane Fonda and Kris Kristofferson . The film was nominated for a Razzie Awards for Worst Actor for Kristofferson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d0da7f6a86427db8f14b959b9a8de5", "text": "Citizen: I'm Not Losing My Mind, I'm Giving It Away Citizen : I 'm Not Losing My Mind , I 'm Giving It Away is a 1982 film directed by William Farley and has the first screen appearance of Whoopi Goldberg . The film is an avant-garde ensemble piece also starring West Coast performance artists Stoney Burke , Bob Carroll , Darryl Henriques , Murray Korngold , Pons Maar , John O'Keefe , and Michael Peppe . In 1983 , the film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival , and was also featured at the Whitney Museum of American Art . Distributed by William Farley Film Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ccc92cde1ee4a9009b4d60dda68361", "text": "Falling in Love (1984 film) Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep and directed by Ulu Grosbard . In the film , two married strangers meet randomly , become friends , and fall in love . They spend time together , riding the train into the city of New York , and begin meeting for coffee or lunch . They enjoy their time together and this enjoyment eventually blossoms into love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20b3aec6e05234834285d8d9945462ba", "text": "Breathless (1983 film) Breathless is a 1983 American drama film directed by Jim McBride and written by McBride and L. M. Kit Carson , starring Richard Gere and Valérie Kaprisky . It is a remake of the 1960 French film directed by Jean-Luc Godard and written by Jean-Luc Godard and François Truffaut , À bout de souffle ( known as Breathless in English ) and was released in France under the title A Bout de Souffle Made in USA . The original film is about an American girl and a French criminal in Paris . The remake is about a French girl and an American criminal in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf777bb37ee96a0c3f614f975235b99", "text": "Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles . Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action . Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3ef9f082e539c4ce15bb3d2f7f808c", "text": "Iron Eagle Iron Eagle is a 1986 Metrocolor American-Canadian action film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Jason Gedrick and Louis Gossett , Jr. . While it received mixed reviews , the film earned US$ 24,159,872 at the U.S. box office . Iron Eagle was followed by three sequels : Iron Eagle II , Aces : Iron Eagle III and Iron Eagle on the Attack , with Gossett being the only actor to have appeared in all four films . The basis of the fictional story in the film relates to real life attacks by the United States against Libya over the Gulf of Sidra , in particular the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23a9701ccffedebce240b5ff2efbd7f8", "text": "A Killer in the Family A Killer in the Family is a 1983 American made-for-television crime film directed by Richard T. Heffron . The film is based on the Tison v. Arizona case , which took place in 1978 in Arizona . The film first aired on ABC on October 30 , 1983 and was released on DVD in 2010 by Warner Home Video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e005328abf4fd73b45e39da370f3e2f", "text": "L'amour des femmes L'amour des femmes is a 1982 French drama film directed by Michel Soutter . It was entered into the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ffa7889c140058e4dd90f3cc96b47b", "text": "Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid Your Ticket is No Longer Valid is a 1981 Canadian film starring Richard Harris . Harris later regarded the movie as one of the biggest artistic disappointments of his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e507fd69a4b141fbf07d6ef5237ec1", "text": "The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art . It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee84c8b50248e183659048a017318d5", "text": "Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee0bc4e017f6b8d575fe9e1988be302", "text": "Irreconcilable Differences Irreconcilable Differences is a 1984 American comedy-drama film starring Ryan O'Neal , Shelley Long , and Drew Barrymore . The film was a minor box office success , making over $ 12 million . For their performances , both Long and Barrymore were nominated for Golden Globe Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "739c7204092089d361924d77b9a0f00b", "text": "Jesse Garcia Jesse Garcia ( born c. 1982 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3780692b2a090cdae09f43702d525d4a", "text": "That Championship Season (1982 film) That Championship Season is Jason Miller 's 1982 film version of his 1973 Pulitzer Prize winning Broadway play of the same name . It stars Robert Mitchum , Martin Sheen , Bruce Dern , Stacy Keach and Paul Sorvino and was filmed on location in Scranton , Pennsylvania where it is set . In 1999 , Sorvino directed an adaptation of the play for Showtime in which he played Mitchum 's role as the coach . This version co-starred Vincent D'Onofrio , Gary Sinise , Tony Shalhoub and Terry Kinney .", "title": "" } ]
fever
5fed658825c8764a39326d12f8b1b525
Harry Potter is a series of photographs.
[ { "docid": "b82024e5629317bf1fe5c3c56dd5ed2a", "text": "Harry Potter Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling . The novels chronicle the life of a young wizard , Harry Potter , and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley , all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . The main story arc concerns Harry 's struggle against Lord Voldemort , a dark wizard who intends to become immortal , overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic , and subjugate all wizards and Muggles , a reference term that means non-magical people . Since the release of the first novel , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , on 26 June 1997 , the books have found immense popularity , critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide . The series has now been translated into multiple languages including French , Irish , Spanish , German and Swedish to name a few . They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers , and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature . The series has also had its share of criticism , including concern about the increasingly dark tone as the series progressed , as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts . , the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide , making them the best-selling book series in history , and have been translated into seventy-three languages . The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history , with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release . The series was originally published in English by two major publishers , Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States . A play , Harry Potter and the Cursed Child , based on a story co-written by Rowling , premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the Palace Theatre , and its script was published by Little , Brown as the eighth book in the series . The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part film series by Warner Bros. . Pictures , which has become the second highest-grossing film series of all time . In 2016 , the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $ 25 billion , making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . A series of many genres , including fantasy , drama , coming of age , friendship , and the British school story ( which includes elements of mystery , thriller , adventure , horror and romance ) , the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references . According to Rowling , the main theme is death . Other major themes in the series include prejudice , corruption , and madness . The success of the books and films has ensured that the Harry Potter franchise continues to expand , with numerous derivative works , a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009 , a studio tour in London that opened in 2012 , a digital platform on which J.K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight , and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 , among many other developments . Most recently , themed attractions , collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , have been built at several Universal Parks & Resorts amusement parks around the world .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "013c8acb98727de43a773dfea7bd5a0f", "text": "Nature photography Nature photography refers to a wide range of photography taken outdoors and devoted to displaying natural elements such as landscapes , wildlife , plants , and close-ups of natural scenes and textures . Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on the aesthetic value of the photo than other photography genres , such as photojournalism and documentary photography . `` Nature photography '' overlaps the fields of -- and is sometimes considered an overarching category including -- `` wildlife photography , '' `` landscape photography , '' and `` garden photography '' . Nature photographs are published in scientific , travel and cultural magazines such as National Geographic Magazine , National Wildlife Magazine and Audubon Magazine or other more specific magazines such as Outdoor Photographer and Nature 's Best Photography . Well known nature photographers include Frans Lanting , Galen Rowell , Mark Gray , Eliot Porter and Art Wolfe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2669dbb6efeaa9c44c4f83e673a3d88", "text": "Reflex camera A reflex camera is a camera that permits the photographer to view the image that will be seen through the lens , and therefore to see exactly what will be captured , contrary to viewfinder cameras where the image could be significantly different from what will be captured . A single-lens reflex camera typically uses a mirror and prism system ( hence `` reflex '' , from the mirror 's reflection ) to accomplish this . The mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera achieves the same result by providing the photographer with a digitally captured image . The twin-lens reflex camera provides both a viewfinder image and the reflected image from the actual camera lens . Category : Cameras by type", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f21bf5f4f988d0348a68e33cd9e566dc", "text": "Harry Wingfield John Henry `` Harry '' Wingfield ( 4 December 1910 -- 5 March 2002 ) was an English illustrator , best known for his drawings that illustrated the Ladybird Books Key Words Reading Scheme ( also known as Peter and Jane ) in the 1960s through to the 1980s , which sold over 80 million copies worldwide . Wingfield was born in Denby , near Derby , the son of a blastfurnace man . He grew up in Manchester and Derbyshire . Hoping to become an engineer , he failed to obtain an apprenticeship to Rolls Royce because of his stammer , he started his first job , in an advertising agency in Derby , aged 16 , and then worked in Walsall and Birmingham . He took evening classes in drawing , where he met his wife , Ethel and he served in the RAF in the Second World War as a driver in the RAF regiment . Based in the Azores he painted camouflage but also gained a reputation for painting portraits of colleagues and family members . He worked as a graphic designer when he returned to England before working as a freelance illustrator for Ladybird in the 1950s . His watercolours , along with those of Martin Aitchison , provided strong images to accompany the simple text devised by William Murray . Wingfield 's wife Ethel , as an expert in early learning , was a significant collaborator . His best-known work accompanied books in the Key Words Reading Scheme brought out by Ladybird as competition to the American Janet and John books . They conformed to stereotypes , with neat , obedient children ; Peter helping Daddy with the car or in the garden , and Jane helping Mummy in the kitchen . They featured images initially based on photography of families on new council estates of the period , a market they targeted with phenomenal success . Within a few years , new lifestyles meant that Wingfield 's images were looking out of date , so he modernised the illustrations in the 1970s . The children became scruffier , and the domestic settings changed , though the books never truly reflected the social changes of the period . Wingfield remained a freelance for most of his life and in 1989 , Ladybird returned a catalogue of around 600 original pictures to him , some of which were sold at exhibition , but many of which he retained . He lived modestly , and after retirement continued to live in the house in Little Aston , near Walsall , where he had spent his working life as an artist . Exhibitions of Wingfield 's pictures were held in Walsall in 2002 and 2003 and across the UK , organised by Ladybird enthusiasts including the writer Cressida Connolly . His works , along with the books , have increased in value in recent years as Ladybird books and their accompanying illustrations have become more fashionable and therefore more collectable . In late 2014 Ladybird books received major UK media coverage with the release of an iconic ` covers ' collection to celebrate their 100th anniversary . Many of Harry Wingfield 's illustrations were reproduced in the UK media as part of that announcement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3ee5e58ad515607efe645646d353002", "text": "Book scanning Book scanning ( or magazine scanning ) is the process of converting physical books and magazines into digital media such as images , electronic text , or electronic books ( e-books ) by using an image scanner . Digital books can be easily distributed , reproduced , and read on-screen . Common file formats are DjVu , Portable Document Format ( PDF ) , and Tagged Image File Format ( TIFF ) . To convert the raw images optical character recognition ( OCR ) is used to turn book pages into a digital text format like ASCII or other similar format , which reduces the file size and allows the text to be reformatted , searched , or processed by other applications . Image scanners may be manual or automated . In an ordinary commercial image scanner , the book is placed on a flat glass plate ( or platen ) , and a light and optical array moves across the book underneath the glass . In manual book scanners , the glass plate extends to the edge of the scanner , making it easier to line up the book 's spine . Other book scanners place the book face up in a v-shaped frame , and photograph the pages from above . Pages may be turned by hand or by automated paper transport devices . Glass or plastic sheets are usually pressed against the page to flatten it . After scanning , software adjusts the document images by lining it up , cropping it , picture-editing it , and converting it to text and final e-book form . Human proofreaders usually check the output for errors . Scanning at is adequate for conversion to digital text output , but for archival reproduction of rare , elaborate or illustrated books , much higher resolution is used . High-end scanners capable of thousands of pages per hour can cost thousands of dollars , but do-it-yourself ( DIY ) , manual book scanners capable of 1200 pages per hour have been built for US$ 300 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f493b5c9bdc09d43d8e852297d6e3e80", "text": "Photographic plate Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a capture medium in photography . The light-sensitive emulsion of silver salts was coated on a glass plate , typically thinner than common window glass , instead of a clear plastic film . Glass plates were far superior to film for research-quality imaging because they were extremely stable and less likely to bend or distort , especially in large-format frames for wide-field imaging . Early plates used the wet collodion process . The wet plate process was replaced late in the 19th century by gelatin dry plates . Glass plate photographic material largely faded from the consumer market in the early years of the 20th century , as more convenient and less fragile films were increasingly adopted . However , photographic plates were reportedly still being used by one photography business in London until the 1970s , and they were in wide use by the professional astronomical community as late as the 1990s . Workshops on the use of glass plate photography as an alternative medium or for artistic use are still being conducted . A view camera nicknamed `` The Mammoth '' weighing 1400 lb was built by George R. Lawrence in 1899 , specifically to photograph `` The Alton Limited '' train owned by the Chicago & Alton Railway , took photographs on a single glass plate measuring 8 feet x 4.5 feet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93b81ebb17f4e03cd63813999068237", "text": "Harry Potter Alliance The Harry Potter Alliance ( also known as the HPA ) is a nonprofit organization run primarily by Harry Potter fans . It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan . Since then , the organisation 's campaigns have focused on topics such as literacy , United States immigration reform , economic justice , gay rights , sexism , labor rights , mental health , body image , and climate change . They have received recognition from many popular figures in the Harry Potter community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d82f3159a68fe7706bd0e3ab915810f4", "text": "Harry Potter in Calcutta Harry Potter in Calcutta is a work by Uttam Ghosh in which Harry Potter meets figures from Bengali literature . J. K. Rowling and her lawyers sued for the novel to be removed from the market , citing intellectual property concerns , and subsequently they were removed from sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da93caa5087a450bfce0a05c0fae538", "text": "Thomas Taylor (artist) Thomas Henry Taylor ( born 22 May 1973 ) is a British children 's writer and illustrator . He studied at Anglia Ruskin University . He painted the cover art for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . Due to the number of questions regarding the identity of the wizard illustrated on the back cover of the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and thanks to the contribution of an Argentine named Alfonso Ferrer in Taylor 's blog , in February 2016 , he decided to name him Robertus Tallis . He has written and illustrated several picture books , starting with George and Sophie 's Museum Adventure in 1999 , and has two children 's novels , Haunters and Dan of the Dead , due to be published in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9e8c479b901e51890a1d2e7a31c5d1", "text": "The Tale of Two Bad Mice The Tale of Two Bad Mice is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in September 1904 . Potter took inspiration for the tale from two mice caught in a cage-trap in her cousin 's home and a dollhouse being constructed by her editor and publisher Norman Warne as a Christmas gift for his niece Winifred . While the tale was being developed , Potter and Warne fell in love and became engaged , much to the annoyance of Potter 's parents , who were grooming their daughter to be a permanent resident and housekeeper in their London home . The tale is about two mice who vandalize a dollhouse . After finding the food on the dining room table made of plaster , they smash the dishes , throw the doll clothing out the window , tear the bolster , and carry off a number of articles to their mouse-hole . When the little girl who owns the dollhouse discovers the destruction , she positions a policeman doll outside the front door to ward off any future depredation . The two mice atone for their crime spree by putting a crooked sixpence in the doll 's stocking on Christmas Eve and sweeping the house every morning with a dust-pan and broom . The tale 's themes of rebellion , insurrection , and individualism reflect not only Potter 's desire to free herself of her domineering parents and build a home of her own , but her fears about independence and her frustrations with Victorian domesticity . The book was critically well received and brought Potter her first fan letter from America . The tale was adapted to a segment in the 1971 Royal Ballet film The Tales of Beatrix Potter and to an animated episode in the BBC series The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends . Merchandise inspired by the tale includes Beswick Pottery porcelain figurines and Schmid music boxes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f7311e1ee9ff0125c15501c9640fd50", "text": "High-speed photography High-speed photography is the science of taking pictures of very fast phenomena . In 1948 , the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ) defined high-speed photography as any set of photographs captured by a camera capable of 69 frames per second or greater , and of at least three consecutive frames . High-speed photography can be considered to be the opposite of time-lapse photography . In common usage , high-speed photography may refer to either or both of the following meanings . The first is that the photograph itself may be taken in a way as to appear to freeze the motion , especially to reduce motion blur . The second is that a series of photographs may be taken at a high sampling frequency or frame rate . The first requires a sensor with good sensitivity and either a very good shuttering system or a very fast strobe light . The second requires some means of capturing successive frames , either with a mechanical device or by moving data off electronic sensors very quickly . Other considerations for high-speed photographers are record length , reciprocity breakdown , and spatial resolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaa589c181e9eb9a777778dac0a7f8cd", "text": "Harry Borden Harry Borden ( born 1965 ) is a British portrait photographer based in London . His subjects have included celebrities Robin Williams , Ewan McGregor , Jamie Oliver , Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher . Examples of Borden 's work are held in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery , London and National Portrait Gallery , Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02d2a3a6819512b060081bf0572f75ce", "text": "Magic lantern The magic lantern or lanterna magica is an early type of image projector employing painted pictures or photographs on sheets of glass , a lens , and a bright light source . It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes . It was increasingly applied to educational purposes during the 1800s and was in wide use until the mid-20th century , when a smaller-format version for photographs on film , marketed and commonly known as a slide projector , superseded it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33f7623deee89b7cfbe603254ba04c2", "text": "Picture Book A picture book is a book format that combines visual and verbal narratives . Picture Book may also refer to : Picture Book ( TV series ) , a BBC TV series that first appeared in 1955 Picture Book ( Simply Red album ) , 1985 `` Picture Book '' ( song ) , a song by The Kinks Picture Book ( The Kinks album ) , 2008", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d616297179d4c27f335aa52eab6160c2", "text": "Harry Palmer (photographer) Harry Palmer ( born 1930 in Calgary , Alberta ) is a Canadian photographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "121d0808bd7d113dc098b78478b57614", "text": "History of photography The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles , that of the camera obscura ( darkened or obscured room or chamber ) and the fact that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light , as discovered by observation . As far as is known , nobody thought of bringing these two phenomena together to capture camera images in permanent form until around 1800 , when Thomas Wedgwood made the first reliably documented , although unsuccessful attempt . In the mid-1820s , Nicéphore Niépce succeeded , but several days of exposure in the camera were required and the earliest results were very crude . Niépce 's associate Louis Daguerre went on to develop the daguerreotype process , the first publicly announced and commercially viable photographic process . The daguerreotype required only minutes of exposure in the camera , and produced clear , finely detailed results . It was commercially introduced in 1839 , a date generally accepted as the birth year of practical photography . The metal-based daguerreotype process soon had some competition from the paper-based calotype negative and salt print processes invented by William Henry Fox Talbot . Subsequent innovations made photography easier and more versatile . New materials reduced the required camera exposure time from minutes to seconds , and eventually to a small fraction of a second ; new photographic media were more economical , sensitive or convenient , including roll films for casual use by amateurs . In the mid-20th century , developments made it possible for amateurs to take pictures in natural color as well as in black-and-white . The commercial introduction of computer-based electronic digital cameras in the 1990s soon revolutionized photography . During the first decade of the 21st century , traditional film-based photochemical methods were increasingly marginalized as the practical advantages of the new technology became widely appreciated and the image quality of moderately priced digital cameras was continually improved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0b40ab107845dae5414e90e4c3615", "text": "Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' . The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows : Fiction William Boyd - Any Human Heart Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up ! Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal Nick Hornby - How to Be Good Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story Matthew Kneale - English Passengers Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now Ali Smith - The Accidental Zadie Smith - White Teeth Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Pat Barker - Regeneration Non-fiction Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival Niall Ferguson - Empire Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World Malcolm Gladwell - Blink Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation Crime Donna Tartt - The Secret History P. D. James - A Certain Justice John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders Alex Garland - The Beach Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy Travel and adventure Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari Biography Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life Jeremy Paxman - The English Essays Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson Alistair Cooke - Letter from America", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b677095914166d84be3b2e7f7b77d22b", "text": "Books of the Art Books of the Art or The Art Trilogy is an incomplete trilogy of novels by Clive Barker , of which only the first two have been published . The first book , The Great and Secret Show , was first published in 1989 and was followed by the second book , Everville , in 1994 . The third book has yet to be written and there is currently no schedule for its release . Of plans for the third book , Barker has stated that the book will be `` a big book when it comes '' and that he wants to write it with `` as much feeling as possible . '' The trilogy has been cited as an example of Barker 's use of magic as a motif to `` comment upon the work of the creator of art '' and Barker himself has used the term to describe transformative magic that is used as `` windows through which to glimpse the miraculous '' . The series thus far has been compared to J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75b3c12243871226c17819328bfbd9e4", "text": "Rolling shutter Rolling shutter is a method of image capture in which a still picture ( in a still camera ) or each frame of a video ( in a video camera ) is captured not by taking a snapshot of the entire scene at single instant in time but rather by scanning across the scene rapidly , either vertically or horizontally . In other words , not all parts of the image of the scene are recorded at exactly the same instant . ( Though , during playback , the entire image of the scene is displayed at once , as if it represents a single instant in time . ) This produces predictable distortions of fast-moving objects or rapid flashes of light . This is in contrast with `` global shutter '' in which the entire frame is captured at the same instant . The `` rolling shutter '' can be either mechanical or electronic . The advantage of this method is that the image sensor can continue to gather photons during the acquisition process , thus effectively increasing sensitivity . It is found on many digital still and video cameras using CMOS sensors . The effect is most noticeable when imaging extreme conditions of motion or the fast flashing of light . While some CMOS sensors use a global shutter , the majority found in the consumer market use a rolling shutter . CCDs ( charge-coupled devices ) are alternatives to CMOS sensors , which are generally more sensitive and more expensive . CCD-based cameras often use global shutters , which take a snapshot representing a single instant in time and therefore do not suffer from the motion artifacts caused by rolling shutters .", "title": "" } ]
fever
3f56e4e2aeb88c0080de694dac75240b
Christopher Nolan did not work on The Dark Knight Trilogy.
[ { "docid": "f06b71bd672248b6afabbccba17a4e4c", "text": "Christopher Nolan Christopher Edward Nolan ( -LSB- ˈnoʊlən -RSB- born 30 July 1970 ) is an English-American film director , screenwriter and producer . He is one of the highest-grossing directors in history , and among the most successful and acclaimed filmmakers of the 21st century . Having made his directorial debut with Following ( 1998 ) , Nolan gained considerable attention for his second feature , Memento ( 2000 ) , for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . The acclaim garnered by his independent films gave Nolan the opportunity to make the big-budget thriller Insomnia ( 2002 ) and the mystery drama The Prestige ( 2006 ) . He found further popular and critical success with The Dark Knight Trilogy ( 2005 -- 2012 ) ; Inception ( 2010 ) , for which he received a second Original Screenplay nomination and one for the Academy Award for Best Picture ; and Interstellar ( 2014 ) . His nine films have grossed over US$ 4.2 billion worldwide and garnered a total of 26 Oscar nominations and seven wins . Nolan has co-written several of his films with his younger brother , Jonathan , and runs the production company Syncopy Inc. with his wife , Emma Thomas . Nolan 's films are rooted in philosophical , sociological and ethical concepts , exploring human morality , the construction of time , and the malleable nature of memory and personal identity . His body of work is permeated by materialistic perspectives , labyrinthine plots , nonlinear storytelling , practical special effects , and analogous relationships between visual language and narrative elements .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0e3eca0637f6693e249d6254b5e4c3c", "text": "Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2003 16th CFCA Awards January 21 , 2004 Best Film : The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King The 16th Chicago Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in film for 2003 , were presented in 2004 . The awards were originally going to be cancelled because the 2003 screener ban but when a judge ruled against it and the studios started to send out screeners again the awards were held after all . Peter Jackson 's final part of `` The Lord of the Rings '' trilogy `` The Return of the King '' and Sofia Coppola 's `` Lost in Translation '' both won three awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0d8fdc0fbe4e2b3fee74e9e7c63619", "text": "Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development . Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil . Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fadccb571e7a164e402b1eabbb9b82b", "text": "Odyssey Productions Odyssey Productions ( formerly Odyssey Visual Design ) is the former name of a California-based photography and 3-D computer animation company founded in 1983 by Steven Churchill in partnership with Adrian Turcotte . It was the first San Diego company to produce 3-D computer animation and its clients have included Coca-Cola , General Dynamics , Union Oil , Southwestern Cable , Metrocast , Honda , and a number of TV stations across the country . While Odyssey focused primarily on 35mm back-lit motion graphics and special effects for the first 5 years of its existence , its award-winning release of the world 's first home entertainment video of computer animation , State Of the Art Of Computer Animation in 1988 brought about a shift in focus to 3D computer animation . The accolades and sales successes achieved by State Of the Art Of Computer Animation prompted the 1990 release of The Mind 's Eye : A Computer Animation Odyssey , a title that would become the first member of the successful The Mind 's Eye series . The next decade ( 1990 -- 2000 ) would be taken up almost entirely with the production of 19 feature-length 3-D computer animated package films for home release . The company 's name became Odyssey Productions in 1995 and the last 12 3D computer animated films were released under this name . In 2003 the company again changed its name to AnimationTrip and broadened its focus to encompass photography to a greater extent . Under this new corporate name , the company added a business enterprise in 2004 focused primarily on photographic art and has launched a series of international art exhibitions in San Diego , California called the Art of Photography Show and the Art of Digital Show . Since 2006 , exhibiting photographic art and promoting photo artists has been the full focus of the business . In 2010 the company was named PhotoCulture , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54dabc390cfa41d7ed103136c6f40468", "text": "Batman & Dracula trilogy The Batman and Dracula trilogy is a group of American comics stories which began with Batman & Dracula : Red Rain , a 1991 graphic novel by Doug Moench and Kelley Jones , in DC Comics ' Elseworlds line of alternate reality stories . It spawned two sequels by the same creative team ; Batman : Bloodstorm and Batman : Crimson Mist . DC Comics later released The Batman and Dracula trilogy in a trade paperback collection , entitled Tales of the Multiverse : Batman - Vampire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd983ce80863b7f14f0bfce0a9e7e68", "text": "All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman . The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' . The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint . Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' . With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b80b35a47f21412aac8661be4a3654cb", "text": "Dark Knight (nickname) The Dark Knight is the nickname of the superhero Batman who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . Batman was first referred to by the nickname in Batman # 1 ( Spring 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f2d456825c0a89c597cb1068913397", "text": "The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game . The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA . Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb1e1372c552b1c2d9b5c28dac6989f", "text": "Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f83c9bcd2fcb2e65b3c3c51d09d972fb", "text": "Jedi Academy trilogy The Jedi Academy trilogy is a trilogy of science fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe . Written by Kevin J. Anderson , the plot takes place around seven years after the events of Return of the Jedi , in 11 ABY . The series chronicles Luke Skywalker 's early attempts to rebuild the Jedi Order after the defeat of the Emperor . Some of the events in the trilogy are retold from a different perspective in I , Jedi by Michael A. Stackpole .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a6712e810e3f2afd5a2d4fea25dc2646
Lily James is a person.
[ { "docid": "c2aac19dca37748b2a5de0be90c73c5a", "text": "Lily James Lily Chloe Ninette Thomson ( born 5 April 1989 ) , known as Lily James , is an English actress . She played Lady Rose Aldridge in the ITV period drama Downton Abbey and the title role in the 2015 Disney film Cinderella . James began her professional acting career as Ethel Brown in the 2010 BBC production Just William . In 2011 and 2012 , she earned warm reviews in several London theatre productions . She began to appear in Hollywood films in 2012 , with roles in Wrath of the Titans and Fast Girls , and was seen in further television roles , including that of Countess Natasha Rostova in the 2016 BBC historical drama series War & Peace .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b8be6e8dce623a537bec070bbc880b75", "text": "Erica James Erica James ( née Sullivan ; born 1960 ) is a British writer of several romance novels . In 2006 , her novel Gardens of Delight won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award from the Romantic Novelists ' Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e83411c69c56ffc99c2ec3870f0253", "text": "Lily-O Lily-O is the fifth album by singer and multi-instrumentalist Sam Amidon . The album is a collection of reworked folksongs , arranged and sung by Amidon , accompanying himself on guitar and banjo , with a band consisting of Bill Frisell , Shahzad Ismaily and Chris Vatalaro . The album was recorded and mixed by Valgeir Sigurðsson at Greenhouse Studios in Reykjavik , Iceland and was released on Nonesuch Records in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f420ffccf61af7fd99adc097feaceada", "text": "Lily Tyler Lily Tyler ( previously Moore ) is a fictional character in the USA Network science fiction television series The 4400 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee34a5efefe9af303cfbf8bf66b9ba52", "text": "Billy James (publicist) Billy James is a publicist and talent scout ; best known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s discovering and developing musical talent for record companies such as Columbia , Elektra , and RCA Records . As a young publicist for Columbia , James became Bob Dylan 's emissary at the label and was reportedly one of the only `` suits '' Dylan trusted ; he conducted for CBS the earliest available taped interview with Dylan , of which a fragment is available . Sent to the West Coast , James found himself in the middle of the West Coast music scene . He wrote liner notes for The Byrds ' first album , Mr. Tambourine Man , and brought artists such as The Doors and Jackson Browne to the attention of Elektra Records . In 1966 , he managed the folk singer Penny Nichols , who was hired by The Sandpipers , but sang with them on just one concert at San Diego . James was respected by artists and his peers for his humor , irreverence , intelligence and integrity in an industry that rarely fostered the latter . By the early 1980s , James left the record business and worked for a time as an advocate for songwriters at the National Academy of Songwriters and as a Board member for the local chapter of NARAS . In the 1990s , James worked as publicist in the high-tech world . In 2016 , James 2013 interview was featured in Danny Says alongside Danny Fields , Iggy Pop & Alice Cooper . Semi-retired , he lives with his wife and family in Redwood City , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "321710147dbe4af123e1c8ee1f263aa5", "text": "Vanessa James (disambiguation) Vanessa James may refer to : Vanessa James ( born 1987 ) , a French pair skater Vanessa James , a Stargate Universe character Sally Beauman ( 1944 -- 2016 ) , an English journalist and writer , sometimes known as Vanessa James", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1f192c175c69f30d7e66b5264ba86d", "text": "Del James Del James , is an American musician , writer , journalist and artist best known for writing the short story that reportedly inspired the `` November Rain '' video by hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . He is a close friend to Axl Rose and is the road manager for Guns N ' Roses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d95cec440ce98a91532ee5b72b1d6c0", "text": "Lily Allen Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper ( née Allen ; born 2 May 1985 ) , known professionally as Lily Allen , is an English singer , songwriter , actress , and television presenter . She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen . Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills . In 2005 , she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings . Her first mainstream single , `` Smile '' , reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006 . Her debut record , Alright , Still , was well received , selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards , Brit Awards and MTV Video Music Awards . She began hosting her own talk-show , Lily Allen and Friends , on BBC Three . Her second studio album , It 's Not Me , It 's You , saw a genre shift , having more of an electropop feel , rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one . The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Australian ARIA Charts and was well received by critics , noting the singer 's musical evolution and maturity . It spawned the hit singles `` The Fear '' and `` Fuck You '' . This success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards . Allen and Amy Winehouse were credited with starting a process that led to the `` year of the women '' media label in 2009 that saw five female artists making music of `` experimentalism and fearlessness '' nominated for the Mercury Prize . In 2009 , Allen announced that she would be taking a hiatus from musical activities . In 2011 , she launched her own record label . In 2013 , Allen revealed that she had begun working on her third studio album , which was later titled Sheezus . On 12 November 2013 , Allen premiered the video for her first original song since 2009 , `` Hard out Here '' , which was released as a single five days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18f6e3776576b79dd3460f59a8b3567", "text": "Stephen James Joyce Stephen James Joyce ( born 15 February 1932 ) is the grandson of James Joyce and the controversial executor of Joyce 's estate . He was born in France , the son of James Joyce 's son , Giorgio , and Helen Joyce , née Kastor . Stephen attended Harvard University , graduating in 1958 . At Harvard , he once roomed with Paul Matisse , grandson of French impressionist painter Henri Matisse , and with Sadruddin Aga Khan . Thereafter , he worked for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on African development . He retired from the OECD in 1991 to focus on managing his grandfather 's estate . He and his wife , Solange Raythchine Joyce , live in the Île de Ré in France . They have no children ; Stephen is James Joyce 's sole living descendant . Stephen Joyce and Seán Sweeney are the joint trustees of the Estate of James Joyce . He has taken an active role in all legal matters relating to Joyce 's works . He has brought numerous lawsuits or threats of legal action against scholars , biographers , and artists attempting to quote from Joyce 's literary work or personal correspondence . In 2004 , Joyce threatened legal action against the Irish government when the Rejoyce Dublin 2004 festival proposed public reading of excerpts of Ulysses on Bloomsday . In 1988 Stephen Joyce destroyed a collection of letters written by Lucia Joyce , his aunt . In 1989 he forced Brenda Maddox to delete a postscript concerning Lucia from her biography Nora : The Real Life of Molly Bloom . After 1995 Stephen announced no permissions would be granted to quote from his grandfather 's work . Libraries holding letters by Joyce were unable to show them without permission . Versions of his work online were disallowed . Stephen claimed to be protecting his grandfather 's and his family 's reputation , but would sometimes grant permission to use material in exchange for fees that were often `` extortionate '' . On 13 January 2011 , on the 70th anniversary of Joyce 's death , all of his works entered the public domain in much of the world . In the US however , some of Joyce 's work remains protected by copyright . Prior to this , in 2007 , Joyce 's hold on the estate had already been delimited by a fair use suit brought by Carol Loeb Schloss and the Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society 's Fair Use Project . When the Central Bank of Ireland issued a ten euro James Joyce commemorative coin on 10 April 2013 , Stephen Joyce described the coin and the circumstances of its issue as `` one of the greatest insults to the Joyce family that has ever been perpetrated in Ireland '' . He complained of a lack of consultation over the coin ; he objected to an error in a Joycean quotation inscribed on the coin ; he was upset by the design of the portrait of the writer on the coin , calling it `` the most unlikely likeness of Joyce ever produced '' ; and he described as highly insensitive and offensive the decision to issue the coin on the anniversary of the death of his grandmother , Nora Joyce , who died in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff161c3b4dc9d756fec273af1ff4749", "text": "Lilium michauxii Lilium michauxii , commonly known as the Carolina lily , can be found in the Southeastern United States from southern Virginia in the north to the Florida Panhandle in the south to eastern Texas in the west . It is most common in July and August but can be found blooming as late as October . It was named for the French botanist André Michaux , who traveled and did extensive research throughout the Southeast . The common name `` Carolina lily '' reflects an older taxonomy that used the name Lilium carolinianum for both L. michauxii and L. catesbaei . Another common name , Turk 's cap lily , has been listed for L. michauxii , although L. superbum ( which is very similar in appearance to L. michauxii ) shares this common name . The Carolina lily can grow to 3 1/2 feet tall with flowers 3 -- 4 inches across . It is the only fragrant lily east of the Rocky Mountains . Its petals bend backward and are spotted . Colors range from yellow through orange to red for background petal color and from red through purple to brown for the spots . ( Note photo below ) The Carolina lily is the official state wildflower of North Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dde94f03ecddc8dc26215d5ecb0a9bc", "text": "Harmony James Harmony James is an Australian singer-songwriter . Although James is often classified as a country artist , her music draws on many genres , including folk , pop , rock and blues . In 2006 Harmony first came to the attention of the music industry when she became the only Australian songwriter to have won the country category of the International Songwriting Competition , with her song `` Tailwind '' . Her second single and chart hit , `` Somebody Stole My Horse '' , spent four weeks at number one and became Australian radio 's second most played country song in 2008 . The album produced by Herm Kovac spawned five top ten singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad8984dd4abc628646d7c22b502a77bf", "text": "Lilyfield, New South Wales Lilyfield is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Lilyfield is located 6 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district , in the local government area of the Inner West Council . Lilyfield is nestled in between the suburbs of Annandale , Rozelle and Leichhardt and is bounded to the west by Iron Cove . Originally a working-class area , today Lilyfield like many inner-city suburbs is becoming increasingly gentrified . Property investors , eager to capitalise on the suburb 's proximity to the Sydney CBD , have purchased many of the original workers ' cottages to renovate or develop . Although predominantly middle class , the suburb still retains some of its working-class roots and like its neighbouring suburbs , is home to people from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd5eb5d49c373a492f88c0527bd1e94", "text": "Lily Pons Lily Pons ( April 12 , 1898 -- February 13 , 1976 ) was a French-American operatic soprano and actress who had an active career from the late 1920s through the early 1970s . As an opera singer she specialized in the coloratura soprano repertoire and was particularly associated with the title roles in Lakmé and Lucia di Lammermoor . In addition to appearing as a guest artist with many opera houses internationally , Pons enjoyed a long association with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City , where she performed nearly 300 times between 1931 and 1960 . She also had a successful and lucrative career as a concert singer which continued until her retirement from performance in 1973 . From 1935 -- 37 she made three musical films for RKO Pictures . She also made numerous appearances on radio and on television , performing on variety programs like The Ed Sullivan Show , The Colgate Comedy Hour , and The Dave Garroway Show among others . In 1955 she topped the bill for the first broadcast of what became an iconic television series , Sunday Night at the London Palladium . She made dozens of records ; recording both classical and popular music . She was awarded the Croix de Lorraine and the Légion d'honneur by the Government of France . Pons was also savvy at making herself into a marketable cultural icon . Her opinions on fashion and home decorating were frequently reported in women 's magazines , and she appeared as the face for Lockheed airplanes , Knox gelatin and Libby 's tomato juice advertisements . A town in Maryland named itself after her , and thereafter the singer contrived to have all her Christmas cards posted from Lilypons , Maryland . Opera News wrote , `` Pons promoted herself with a kind of marketing savvy that no singer ever had shown before , and very few have since ; only Luciano Pavarotti was quite so successful at exploiting the mass media . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bd55cb32b533f592a442b8bd92bb9f9", "text": "LilyPond LilyPond is a computer program and file format for music engraving . One of LilyPond 's major goals is to produce scores that are engraved with traditional layout rules , reflecting the era when scores were engraved by hand . LilyPond is cross-platform , and is available for several common operating systems ; released under the terms of the GNU General Public License , LilyPond is free software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e3848110e61306071655dcdb0df2533", "text": "Lily Ross Taylor Lily Ross Taylor ( born August 12 , 1886 , in Auburn , Alabama - died November 18 , 1969 , in Bryn Mawr , Pennsylvania ) was an American academic and author , who in 1917 became the first female Fellow of the American Academy in Rome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "008728c6325a396fe2a5f063e87e1bdf", "text": "Lauren Harries Lauren Charlotte Harries ( born James Charles Harries ) is a British media personality . In childhood Harries was known as James , a purported `` child prodigy '' in the field of antiques , appearing on numerous television shows including Wogan . In later life , as Lauren Harries , she has become more notable as an aspiring transgender celebrity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed5ff4b019ac01ae2a9a1f215c59d3d", "text": "Lilyhammer Lilyhammer is a Norwegian-American television series starring Steven Van Zandt about fictional former New York-based gangster Frank `` The Fixer '' Tagliano trying to start a new life in isolated Lillehammer , Norway . The first season premiered on Norwegian NRK1 on 25 January 2012 with a record audience of 998,000 viewers ( one fifth of Norway 's population ) , and premiered on Netflix in North America on 6 February 2012 with all eight episodes available in full for streaming on the service . Lilyhammer was promoted as `` the first time Netflix offered exclusive content '' . The spelling of the series title alludes to Tagliano 's dog Lily that was killed in the first episode during an attempt on Tagliano 's life , and the way that Frank and some other anglophones pronounce the town 's name . The series produced three seasons , with the final episode airing 17 December 2014 . On 22 July 2015 , Steven van Zandt posted on Twitter that the series had been cancelled , and the following day Netflix confirmed that they were pulling out of the series . NRK owns the rights to the series and remained optimistic that a deal could be made with another company for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27da782aef7301ed12507f2caba1d958", "text": "Lily Oddie Lily Oddie , formerly known as Lily Munro ( born September 27 , 1937 ) is a former provincial politician in Ontario , Canada . She is best known for having been involved in a fundraising scandal involving Patti Starr . Oddie married prominent Liberal politician John Munro on June 27 , 1978 , and took his surname . John Munro 's career would also be undone by scandal in the 1980s , although he was later exonerated of any wrongdoing . The couple would later divorce , at which time Oddie returned to using her original name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1f5672356ebe3d262976f0b53cc7615", "text": "Regal Entertainment Regal Entertainment ( formerly and more commonly known as Regal Films ) is a Philippine filmmaking and entertainment firm that was established by Lily Monteverde in 1962 . It has produced movies of all genres .", "title": "" } ]
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cd9c9d5457efede21f8b6aa852dd0a4f
Romelu Lukaku played for the Anderlecht team in 2009.
[ { "docid": "2e53a180aa671a418920e83773676a23", "text": "Romelu Lukaku Romelu Menama Lukaku ( born 13 May 1993 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Everton and the Belgium national team . He is one of only five players to score 50 Premier League goals before his 23rd birthday , and the first foreign player to score 80 before his 24th birthday . Lukaku started his career with local side Rupel Boom , before joining Lierse , where he earned a move to Anderlecht of the Belgian Pro League in 2006 . Lukaku made his professional debut while still at school at the age of 16 , and became the 2009 -- 10 top scorer in Belgium as Anderlecht won the Belgian championship . He also won the Belgian Ebony Shoe in 2011 . In the 2011 summer transfer window , Lukaku joined Premier League club Chelsea . He did not appear regularly in his first season there , and spent the following two seasons on loan at West Bromwich Albion and Everton respectively , signing permanently for the latter for a club record # 28 million in 2014 . Lukaku made his senior international debut for Belgium in 2010 , and has since earned over 50 caps . He has also represented the country at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b9a9ef35d1fdcd19fcf703668c356439", "text": "2009–10 Lithuanian Football Cup The 2009 -- 10 Lithuanian Football Cup is the 21st season of the Lithuanian annual football knock-out tournament . The competition started around 28 May 2009 with the matches of the First Round and will end in May 2010 with the Final . FK Sūduva are the defending champions . The winner of this competition earned a place in the second qualifying round of the 2010 -- 11 UEFA Europa League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e3509557050f85b0a1063b199e08233", "text": "2009–10 Euroleague The 2009 -- 10 Euroleague was the 10th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe , organised by Euroleague Basketball Company , and it was the 53rd season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs overall . The regular season featured 24 teams from 13 different countries . This season marked the first time in the modern era that a qualifying round was used to determine the last two teams for the regular season . The qualifying round started on September 29 , 2009 , while the regular season of the Euroleague started on October 15 , 2010 . The season ended with the Euroleague Final Four , which was hosted at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris , France , with the Final on May 9 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f4c26fda1849305af983a7b8d6da950", "text": "2009 in Brazilian football The following article presents a summary of the 2009 football ( soccer ) season in Brazil , which was the 108th season of competitive football in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "054a97a27e9922f24d0b52d1779766e5", "text": "2011–12 Belgian Pro League The 2011 -- 12 season of the Belgian Pro League ( also known as Jupiler Pro League for sponsorship reasons ) was the 109th season of top-tier football in Belgium . It began on 29 July 2011 with the first match of the regular season and ended in May 2012 with the last matches of the playoff rounds . The defending champions were Genk , who this time ended in third position , while the competition was won by Anderlecht , who clenched the title after a 1 -- 1 draw against Club Brugge with two games left to play in the Championship Playoff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4713c5e110ff0fd8387e3105ff583465", "text": "Romeo Van Dessel Romeo Van Dessel ( born 9 April 1989 ) is a Belgian football ( soccer ) midfielder . He currently plays for Berchem Sport . He started his career at Mechelen in 2008 , before completing a loan move to Antwerp in 2011 . In 2012 , he moved to Dender EH .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0c0124753bf4172dbb2d1ab14fa6364", "text": "2009–10 in Spanish football The 2009 -- 10 season is the 106th season of competitive football in Spain . The season began on 1 August 2009 for the Copa Federación , 22 August for Copa del Rey and 29 August 2009 for the La Liga . The season finished on 16 May 2010 for La Liga , and 20 June 2010 for the other three Divisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138957308352c741ba74b3105666eeac", "text": "2009–10 UEFA Champions League The 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League was the 55th season of Europe 's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the 18th under the current UEFA Champions League format . The final was played on 22 May 2010 , at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , home ground of Real Madrid , in Madrid , Spain . The final was won by Italian club Internazionale , who beat German side Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 . Internazionale went on to represent Europe in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , beating Congolese side TP Mazembe 3 -- 0 in the final , and played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup against Europa League winners Atlético Madrid , losing 2 -- 0 . Barcelona were the defending champions , but were eliminated by eventual winners Internazionale in the semi-finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67b0e5f28044d0497a80b189f66b5412", "text": "2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process . The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "364617af39c466777042489da71cd822", "text": "Atlético Petróleos de Luanda Atlético Petróleos de Luanda , best known as Petro Atlético de Luanda , or simply Petro Atlético or Petro de Luanda , is a traditional football club from Luanda , Angola , founded in 1980 . The club won its first title , the Angolan League , in 1982 . Four players from Petro Atlético represented Angola at their first World Cup in 2006 : Lebo Lebo , Lamá , Zé Kalanga and Delgado . The club has also a basketball team . Many basketball players of the team , participated with Angola national basketball team in the Olympics 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e23df48e98b5ad4757d59682dd661027", "text": "Benjamin Mokulu Benjamin Mokulu Tembe ( born 11 October 1989 ) is a Belgian-born Congolese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Frosinone Calcio on loan from A.S. Avellino 1912 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4ece420f8fd0d1bd27eb50d2bdf7330", "text": "2006–07 Belgian First Division The 2006-07 season of the Belgian First Division began on July 28 , 2006 and concluded on May 19 , 2007 . The championship was decided in the penultimate round on May 12 , 2007 , when Anderlecht moved five points clear of runners-up Genk to retain the title and win their 29th League Championship . At the other end of the table , the struggle to avoid automatic relegation went on until the final round , and it was Lierse who eventually prevailed . Having spent the entire season at the bottom of the standings and only just managed to close an eleven-point gap up to 17th , the Lier side won their last game to climb past Beveren and send the latter down to the Second Division . However , Lierse went on to lose the playoffs and was relegated anyway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de6e6ea79995ec0e92d0bf56792688d0", "text": "2008–09 S.L. Benfica season The 2008 -- 09 European football season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica 's 105th season and their 75th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football . The season ran from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009 , with Benfica competing domestically in the Primeira Liga , Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga . The club also participated in the UEFA Cup , since they finished fourth in the Primeira Liga the previous season . After José Antonio Camacho 's March 2008 resignation , Benfica did not have a permanent manager . The club inquired about Quique Sánchez Flores , Sven-Göran Eriksson and others , ultimately choosing Flores . Rui Costa led the transfer activity as Benfica continued to invest heavily , spending nearly $ 19 million on Javier Balboa , Carlos Martins , Pablo Aimar and Sidnei and bringing in José Antonio Reyes and David Suazo on loan . Major departures included Rui Costa , Cristian Rodríguez , Petit and Nélson . Benfica 's season began inauspiciously but they quickly recovered , gaining momentum domestically and eliminating Napoli to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Cup . Until January , club performance fluctuated in their European campaign and the domestic league . Although they finished last in the former , they reached first place in the Primeira Liga for the first time since 2005 . In the new year , Benfica suffered their first league loss , falling to second place and beginning their erratic spell . Despite a sterling League Cup ( where they earned their first honour in four seasons ) , the club 's league play was not as impressive . They battled Porto for first place until March , when they had another costly loss and were passed by Sporting CP . Benfica tried to retake second place in the remaining eight matches , but in early May , the club dropped five points , sealing their fate ; they finished third , missing the UEFA Champions League for a second consecutive season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7130ca521fe3df0713d1eee6de77060c", "text": "2009 FIFA Club World Cup squads The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup took place in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates , from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . Each of the seven teams involved were required to submit a provisional 30-man squad list ( including a minimum of three goalkeepers ) by 29 October 2009 . The final 23-man squads had to be submitted by 25 November , with all members of the final squad taken from the provisional list . All players were required to be registered with squad numbers between 1 and 23 , unless they were registered for their domestic league with a different number . In the event of an injury to one of the players on the final list , that player may be replaced with a player from the provisional list no less than 24 hours before his team 's first match in the competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67a2e3cf8c1ee03294c56734fe856540", "text": "Roy Makaay Rudolphus `` Roy '' Antonius Makaay ( born 9 March 1975 ) is a Dutch football manager and former footballer who played as a centre-forward . He was known for his goal-scoring ability as a result of his `` aerial prowess and quick drives to the net where he can put the ball away with either foot . '' He began his career at Vitesse Arnhem and Tenerife before moving to Deportivo de La Coruña in 1999 and helping the side to their first La Liga title in his first season there . He also won the Copa del Rey in 2002 and the following season was given the European Golden Boot for a 29-goal haul . He then moved to Bayern Munich for a then club record $ 18.75 million , where he picked up the nickname Das Phantom ( the phantom ) , for his ability to score out of nowhere , as well as Tor Maschine ( goal machine ) , for his consistent ability to find the back of the net . After winning two consecutive Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal doubles at Bayern , he returned to the Netherlands with Feyenoord in 2007 . A full international from 1996 to 2005 , Makaay scored 6 international goals in 43 matches despite competition for a place in the national team . He competed with the Dutch side at two UEFA European Championships and the 2008 Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb5126648369a555a80244b94c6bd797", "text": "Potsdamer Kickers The Potsdamer Kickers are a German football club based in the north of Potsdam in Brandenburg . After the 2010 -- 11 season and for the first time in their 17 years of existence , the Potsdamer Kickers were relegated ; having started playing in the Kreisklasse , the team had slowly worked their way up through the German football league system to the Landesliga Brandenburg-Nord ( VII ) for the 2009 -- 10 season , only to be relegated back to the Landesklasse after two years . In 2014 Kickers were sent back to the new Kreisoberliga ( IX ) but returned to the Landesklasse in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd39b835a7cc46c202878eed7dd64f10", "text": "Belgian Golden Shoe In association football , the Belgian Golden Shoe ( Gouden Schoen , Soulier d'Or ) is an award given in Belgium at the beginning of each civil year to the best footballer of the Belgian First Division for the past year . The trophy is sponsored by the Belgian newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws . The voters are a selection of Belgian press specialists and football personalities . They are invited to vote for the best player of the competition for both half seasons ( previous season second half and current season first half ) . As a result , a player can receive all of his votes in one half season ( e.g. if he joined the championship from abroad during summer ) , or he can receive votes for matches with two ( or more ) different teams , as with Philippe Albert in 1992 and Mbark Boussoufa in 2006 . Paul Van Himst has collected 4 Belgian Golden Shoes which is the current record . Jan Ceulemans and Wilfried Van Moer have both won the trophy three times . The first foreigner to win the trophy was the Dutchman Johan Boskamp , especially for his excellence during the second half of the 1974-75 season , when his club , RWDM ( currently defunct ) , won its first and only championship title . The only foreigners who have won the award more than once are the Swede Pär Zetterberg and the Moroccan Mbark Boussoufa . In 2011 , Argentinian Matías Suárez became the first South American to be awarded the Golden Shoe . In 2016 , Tessa Wullaert was awarded the first ever Golden Shoe for women football players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "758d451c195110561fbc7f7ae251f9d7", "text": "Luvian Veto Luvian Veto ( abbreviated LuVe ) is a sports club from Luvia , Finland . The club was formed in 1930 and currently has sections covering football , skiing , athletics and fitness . The men 's football first team currently plays in the Nelonen ( Fourth Division ) . Their home ground is at the Tasala Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3442931e8e63cdc61ebd4835e8846b2", "text": "SV Türkgücü-Ataspor München The SV Türkgücü-Ataspor München is a German association football club from the city of Munich , Bavaria . The club , which is based in the Turkish community of Munich , was formed in 2009 in a merger of Türkischer SV 1975 München and ATA Spor München . Türkischer SV 1975 , in turn , succeeded SV Türk Gücü München in 2001 when the later became insolvent . Türk Gücü was a successful third-division side in the second half of the 1980s and the early 1990s , when the club aimed as high as the German second division , without quite getting there . Satellite television , in the form of live football broadcasts from Turkey and a loss of identity within the Turkish community in Munich however led to the eventual demise of the club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "213b0a6c4781054637b971824cf2f0c3", "text": "2009 Euroleague Final Four The 2009 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2008 -- 09 Euroleague season . It was held on May , 2009 . All of the games were held at the O2 World , in Berlin Germany . Panathinaikos won the title , which was their fifth at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "754c632d12e9dd11310255f7603436ca", "text": "2009 SK Brann season The 2009 season was SK Brann 's 101st season and their 23rd consecutive season in the Norwegian Premier League . Steinar Nilsen took over as head coach after the six-year tenure of Mons Ivar Mjelde . The club did n't see the big signings or sales in the January transferwindow . Local-lad Erlend Hanstveit left the club after 10 years , while thought-to-be star striker Njogu Demba-Nyrén was sold only one year after signing with the club following a season where his performance was below expectations . The season started horrific for the `` pride of Bergen '' . In the first premiership match of the season , Brann lost 1-3 against newly promoted Sandefjord , followed by two ties , a loss and another tie . Brann did n't win a game until the sixth round where they beat Bodø / Glimt 2-0 away . The club 's form improved as the season went by , but they were never a serious contender to the league title . After being knocked out in the Quarterfinals of the Norwegian Football Cup by Odd Grenland ) , the season seemed to end up as a total disappointment for the fans . One of the few highlights of the season was the performances of Erik Huseklepp who had his definite breakthrough as a player . In his first season as a striker , Huseklepp scored 15 goals in the league , only two goals shy of the top scorer Rade Prica . The technical striker had previously played as a right winger , scoring 4 goals in 4 seasons for Brann . He also became a regular in the national team squad , scoring his first goal for Norway in the World Cup qualifier against Scotland on August 2 , 2009 . Before the last games of season , Brann found themselves in a situation where they had a legitimate chance to snatch the bronze medals , but in the end they had to settle for a fifth place , which did n't qualify for a spot in the Europa League .", "title": "" } ]
fever
817c22efe910495c567206b8e38a0776
David Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood.
[ { "docid": "30bc1f2472c513813979754bf9f4e4b1", "text": "David Schwimmer David Lawrence Schwimmer ( born November 2 , 1966 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor . He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer ( 1996 ) , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool ( 1998 ) , Six Days , Seven Nights ( 1998 ) , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces ( 2000 ) . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) as Herbert Sobel . After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing ( 2006 ) , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth ( 2008 ) . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl ( s ) in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines . In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7acd50be89f029165fc41d84c7b7e232", "text": "Ross Geller Ross Geller , Ph.D. , is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends , portrayed by David Schwimmer . Ross is considered by many to be the most intelligent member of the group and is noted for his goofy , pathetic but lovable demeanor . He is a compulsive liar to avoid arguments or situations with conflict , often leading to an arcing storyline within a show . His relationship with Rachel Green was included in TV Guides list of the best TV couples of all time , as well as Entertainment Weeklys `` 30 Best ` Will They/Won ' t They ? ' TV Couples '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7bf43cf0bcb003a45361cd38f959dbd", "text": "David Duchovny (song) `` David Duchovny '' is a song recorded by Bree Sharp about the titular actor . It was the first single from Sharp 's debut album , A Cheap and Evil Girl . After Trauma Records heard a demo of the song , they signed her to a record deal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdfa36d7fb64bda808750013a40e4ac", "text": "David Morse (actor) David Bowditch Morse ( born October 11 , 1953 ) is an American actor , singer , director and writer . He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack `` Boomer '' Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere ( 1982 -- 88 ) . He continued his film career with roles in The Negotiator , Contact , The Green Mile , Disturbia , The Long Kiss Goodnight , The Rock and 12 Monkeys . In 2006 , Morse had a recurring role as Detective Michael Tritter on the medical drama series House , for which he received an Emmy Award nomination . He portrayed George Washington in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams , which garnered him a second Emmy nomination . He has also received acclaim for his portrayal of Uncle Peck on the Off-Broadway play How I Learned to Drive , earning a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award . He had success on Broadway too , portraying James `` Sharky '' Harkin in The Seafarer . From 2010 to 2013 , he portrayed Terry Colson , an honest police officer in a corrupt New Orleans police department , on the HBO series Treme . He currently stars in the WGN America series Outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ef3a9f3f07af1ef057b7bcaa6ce557", "text": "Duane Howard Duane Howard ( born 1963 ) is a First Nations actor who is best known for his role as the Arikara chief Elk Dog in the 2015 film The Revenant . He has also appeared in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee ( 2007 ) , Pathfinder ( 2007 ) , The Sun At Midnight ( 2016 ) and other films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b82e1a98491a7ead6ea24a3e517162b", "text": "Diane Jenkins Diane Jenkins is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . The role was first portrayed by Alex Donnelley , who debuted in 1982 . Diane was initially a two-day bit role , but was developed into a long-term character . Donnelley left the role two years later ; returning briefly in 1986 before returning to the role fully in 1996 . In 2001 , Donnelley left again in what was supposed to be a storyline dictated departure , however , the role was later recast with Susan Walters . After three years in the role , Walters chose to drop to recurring status in 2004 , but was n't seen again until a brief guest appearance in February 2010 . Seven months later , the role was recast a second time with Maura West , who took over in October . Diane has had relationships with business tycoons Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) and Victor Newman ( Eric Braeden ) . Diane has a son with Jack , Kyle Abbott ( Lachlan Buchanan ) , who was initially supposed to be Victor 's son before his sperm sample was switched . Donnelley described Diane as `` taking herself much too seriously '' , while Walters criticized the character for existing solely to advance another character 's storyline . Former head writer Maria Arena Bell was heavily criticized for the writing for West ; Zap2it said Bell missed an opportunity to focus on Diane 's rivalry with Jack . In 2011 , within eight months of joining the cast , West was let go and the character was killed off two months later in a whodunit murder storyline . The storyline was also harshly criticized for progressing too slowly , as it was a six-month period before the revelation that Nikki Newman ( Melody Thomas Scott ) murdered Diane in self-defense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13849c03deb672a55b0ebb35ae6962ab", "text": "The Soap Opera Encyclopedia (Schemering book) The Soap Opera Encyclopedia is a 1985 reference book by Christopher Schemering which assembles comprehensive information about all daytime and prime time soap operas broadcast up to the date of publication . It was revised and reprinted in 1987 and 1988 , but is currently out of print . The Soap Opera Encyclopedia features commentary , analysis and criticism of `` every daytime and prime-time television soap opera broadcast on the three major networks , as well as a selection of syndicated , cable , and foreign efforts . '' It also discusses background , significant storylines and impact of each program , and lists performers and characters . Schemering also includes a `` Short History of Television Soap Opera , '' as well as profiles of major performers , writers and producers in the genre in a section entitled `` Who 's Who in Soap Opera . '' Finally , the book contains 30 pages of photos from various programs . Published in a time before the internet , the Encyclopedia was a primary source of background information and commentary on soap opera ; it and Schemering have been quoted in various articles , books and web pages . It was revised and reprinted in 1987 and 1988 . According to the Encyclopedia , Schemering `` spent fifteen years collecting memorabilia and information about the soap opera phenomenon '' and wrote a syndicated column on the genre . He was also a regular contributor to The Washington Post Book World and had published film and television articles in The New Republic , USA Today , the Chicago Tribune , the San Francisco Chronicle , the New York Daily News and other publications . Schemering is also the author of Guiding Light : A 50th Anniversary Celebration ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe0ccbab5a841278457a28f099ac4d2", "text": "Slaughter Disc Slaughter Disc is a 2005 pornographic horror film written , directed and produced by David Quitmeyer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d0471a8d5aac000d5f50f7d66e6c363", "text": "Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 . The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 . The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton . It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "445b74e122e89d9def2013aa02429169", "text": "David J. Schow David J. Schow ( born July 13 , 1955 ) is an American author of horror novels , short stories , and screenplays . His credits include films such as The Crow and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning . Most of Schow 's work falls into the subgenre splatterpunk , a term he is sometimes credited with coining . In the 1990s , Schow wrote Raving & Drooling , a regular column for Fangoria magazine . All 41 instalments were collected in the book Wild Hairs ( 2000 ) , which won the International Horror Guild 's award for best non-fiction in 2001 . In 1987 , Schow 's novella Pamela 's Get was nominated for a Bram Stoker Award for best long fiction . His short story Red Light won the 1987 World Fantasy Award for Best Short Fiction . And in 2015 , The Outer Limits at 50 won the Rondo Award for Book of the Year in a tie with The Creature Chronicles by Tom Weaver , of which Schow was a contributor . As an editor , Schow 's work includes three volumes of writings by Robert Bloch and a book of short stories by John Farris . Schow has also been a past contributor to liner notes for cult film distributors Grindhouse Releasing/Box Office Spectaculars , notably on the North American DVD release of Italian filmmaker Lucio Fulci 's horror film , Cat in the Brain . He has also written text supplements for the DVDs of Reservoir Dogs and From Hell , and has done DVD commentaries for The Dirty Dozen , The Green Mile , Incubus , Thriller and Creature from the Black Lagoon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acaa020e1bdd409a3ae558fd48fb3319", "text": "Ivan Jones (Emmerdale) Ivan Jones is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera , Emmerdale , played by Daniel Brocklebank . He appeared in the series from 5 May 2005 until 2 August 2006 . Ivan was originally introduced to participate in a storyline about the character of Jarvis Skelton ( Richard Moore ) and only meant to feature in three episodes . The serial 's producers were impressed with Brocklebank and made Ivan a regular character . The character is a Geordie , which required the actor to adopt the accent . Ivan is characterised as a `` good-humoured '' and `` charming '' dustman , while Brocklebank described him as having `` quite a few '' love interests and stated that he has `` slept his way around the village '' . It was later announced that the character is bisexual and he starts a sexual relationship with Paul Lambert ( Mathew Bose ) . Their relationship proved to be an `` explosive combination '' due to Ivan wanting it to remain a secret . Brocklebank has praised his storyline and spoke of his hopes that it would remove the social stigma attached to bisexuality . His sexuality is accidentally revealed to everyone he knows by Paul . Ivan is later subject to a revenge campaign after he turns down the advances of Paul 's sister , Nicola Blackstock ( Nicola Wheeler ) . She lies that Ivan has been having an affair with her , ruining his relationship with Paul . In April 2006 , Brocklebank announced his decision to leave the serial to concentrate on other projects . The actor said that he had grown `` very attached '' to Ivan and enjoyed being a part of Emmerdale . He filmed his final scenes in June and Ivan left in August . The character caused controversy when 126 viewers complained to television watch dog Ofcom about Ivan and Paul 's intimacy . The company later cleared Emmerdale of any wrongdoing . Brocklebank said that Christian groups wrote to him condemning him to hell because of Ivan 's sexuality . However , he also had letters from young lesbian and gay people who claimed that Ivan gave them the courage to be themselves . Paul Flynn from The Guardian praised his storyline involving Nicola 's affair lies . Kevin O'Sullivan from the Sunday Mirror opined that Ivan was clearly gay because he was as `` camp as a row of tents '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628047b742ff829101b0e30c15010d12", "text": "David W. Zucker David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free , and Executive Producer of the landmark series adaptation of Philip K. Dick 's classic `` The Man in the High Castle '' for Amazon , esteemed Civil War medical drama `` Mercy Street '' on PBS , the forthcoming first season of the Amazon half-hour action-comedy starring Jean-Claude Van Damme as `` Jean-Claude Van Johnson , '' the AMC anthological psychological thriller `` The Terror , '' `` The Good Fight , '' the widely acclaimed CBS all-access spin-off of `` The Good Wife , '' and `` Killing Reagan , '' the fourth in the acclaimed National Geographic channel series of `` Killing '' telefilms ( which include `` Killing Jesus '' and `` Killing Kennedy , '' both Emmy-nominated , plus the docudrama `` Killing Lincoln '' ) . During his tenure , Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated , Peabody-winning drama , `` The Good Wife , '' which recently concluded its 7th and final season on CBS , as well as `` Numb3rs , '' which ran for six successful seasons on the same network . Notable long form programs include `` Klondike '' for Discovery , the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated `` The Pillars of the Earth '' for Starz , `` World Without End '' for Reelz , Emmy-nominated `` Into the Storm '' for HBO , Emmy-nominated `` The Andromeda Strain '' and `` Coma '' for A&E , the Golden Globe-nominated `` The Company '' at TNT and a feature-length digital series for X-Box/Microsoft , `` Halo : Nightfall . '' Acclaimed non-fiction programs include `` Crimes of the Century '' and the Emmy-winning documentary special `` Gettysburg '' for History Channel . Previously , Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series , Judging Amy , wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC , as well as various stage plays , and served as VP of Drama Series for CBS in addition to VP of Drama Series & Current Programs at Warner Bros. . TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f1a521180d6009ede942d364b9c8baa", "text": "Wannabe (film) Wannabe is a 2005 comedy film starring Craig Robert Young , Adam Huss , Anna Becker and Elizabeth Warner . It was written and produced by Young and Richard Keith and directed by Keith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2110825d0afd99f9bb63194ad4ae05cc", "text": "Sparkhouse Sparkhouse is a BBC drama , originally shown on BBC One from 1 to 8 September 2002 . Written by Sally Wainwright , it is a modern take on Wuthering Heights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cfe4e0cb08c10a80959956f5369e52f", "text": "Lust Connection Lust Connection is a 2005 American thriller film directed by Jim Wynorski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16f93cddb1e8b5c0f126f03fab202197", "text": "Matthew Wolfenden Matthew Wolfenden ( born 5 May 1980 ) is an English actor best known for his role as David Metcalfe in the British soap opera Emmerdale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e99b7d1a9d8c3829971fc174148e041a", "text": "Duma (2005 film) Duma is a 2005 American family drama adventure film about a young South African boy 's friendship with an orphaned cheetah from a story by Carol Flint and Karen Janszen , set in the country of South Africa and based on How It Was with Dooms by Carol Cawthra Hopcraft and Xan Hopcraft . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. , directed by Carroll Ballard ( director of The Black Stallion and Fly Away Home ) , produced by Gaylord Films , Warner Bros. , John Wells Productions , Pandora Pictures , Stacy Cohen , E.K. Gaylord II , Kristin Harms , Hunt Lowry and John Wells , written by Karen Janszen and Mark St. Germain , edited by T.M. Christopher , cinematographed by Werner Maritz with music by George Acogny and John Debney and starring Alexander Michaletos , Eamonn Walker , Campbell Scott and Hope Davis . The film was theatrically released on April 22 , 2005 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. . The film went on receiving very positive reviews from critics and it earned $ 994,790 on a $ 12 million budget . The film won the Family Feature Film at the Genesis Awards in 2006 . The film was rated PG for mild adventure peril . Duma was released on DVD on May 16 , 2006 by Warner Bros. . Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30ad5c14ac008d7158bb5da81862f97a", "text": "David Henrie David Clayton Henrie ( -LSB- ˈhɛnɹi -RSB- ; born July 11 , 1989 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and screenwriter . He is noted for playing Ted Mosby 's future son Luke Mosby on How I Met Your Mother , Justin Russo in Wizards of Waverly Place , Larry on That 's So Raven , London Busbee in Little Boy , and Rudy Ising in Walt Before Mickey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0931ffed33b7251efe84c0eba446eca1", "text": "Jason-Shane Scott Jason-Shane Scott ( born December 29 , 1976 ) is an American actor . Scott was born in Southern California . At the age of two he moved to Reno , Nevada with his mother and older sister while making frequent trips to Los Angeles to visit his father . Scott attended Wooster High School and excelled at sports , playing baseball , basketball and football . His football talent earned him particular recognition ; his team won the state championship and Scott himself was offered numerous football scholarships . Upon graduation , Scott chose to pursue an acting career and moved back to Los Angeles . Enrolled in acting classes , he began studying intensely . He also took up modeling and spent several months in Europe . Upon his return to the United States , he appeared in such films as Shrieker , Until Death , A Turn in the Tree , Caught and Billy 's Hollywood Screen Kiss , as well as the Aerosmith videos for `` Love Is Hard on your Knees '' and `` Hole in My Soul '' . In 1998 he tested for and won the role of troubled teenager Will Rappaport on the daytime serial One Life to Live and moved to New York City . For this portrayal , he received two Soap Opera Digest Award nominations : 1999 , Outstanding Male Newcomer ; 2000 , Outstanding Younger Leading Actor . Scott 's three years on OLTL allowed him to polish his acting further as he was given a chain of challenging storylines . In 2001 , he left OLTL and New York and returned to Los Angeles . Since then , he has appeared in such films as Wolves of Wall Street ( 2003 ) , Latter Days ( 2004 ) and Starship Troopers 2 : Hero of the Federation ( 2004 ) and guest starred on such shows as the Lifetime drama For the People ( 2002 ) , NBC 's Scrubs and CBS 's CSI : Crime Scene Investigation . Scott has also made a few brief returns to One Life to Live since his departure in 2001 , most recently in September 2007 . He has appeared on CBS 's The Young and the Restless and has co-starred with Brittany Powell in Soapnet 's One Minute Soap titled `` Too Late '' .", "title": "" } ]
fever
60f610815f3976dce3218bc9b223b4b3
Michael Douglas has worked with Sharon Stone.
[ { "docid": "f8a85c9c5aa851cf260fc6cc61cefc18", "text": "Michael Douglas Michael Kirk Douglas ( born September 25 , 1944 ) is an American actor and producer . Douglas 's career includes a diverse range of films in independent and blockbuster genres , for which he has received a number of accolades , both competitive and honorary . These awards include the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for `` outstanding contributions to the world of entertainment '' and the AFI Life Achievement Award , which `` honor -LSB- s -RSB- an individual whose career in motion pictures or television has greatly contributed to the enrichment of American culture '' . Douglas is the elder son of Kirk Douglas and Diana Dill . He received his Bachelor of Arts in Drama from the University of California , Santa Barbara . His early acting roles included film , stage , and television productions . Douglas first achieved prominence for his performance in the ABC police procedural television series The Streets of San Francisco , for which he received three consecutive Emmy Award nominations . In 1975 Douglas produced One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , having acquired the rights to the Ken Kesey novel from his father . The film received critical and popular acclaim , and won the Academy Award for Best Picture , earning Douglas his first Oscar as one of the film 's producers . After leaving The Streets of San Francisco in 1976 , Douglas went on to produce films including The China Syndrome ( 1979 ) and Romancing the Stone ( 1984 ) . He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy for Romancing the Stone , in which he also starred , thus reintroducing himself to audiences as a capable leading man . After reprising his Romancing the Stone role as Jack Colton in the 1985 sequel The Jewel of the Nile , which he also produced , and along with appearing in the musical A Chorus Line ( 1985 ) and the psychological thriller Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , Douglas received widespread acclaim for his portrayal of amoral corporate raider Gordon Gekko in the Oliver Stone-directed drama Wall Street , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor . He reprised the role in the sequel Wall Street : Money Never Sleeps ( 2010 ) . Douglas 's subsequent film roles included : Black Rain ( 1989 ) ; The War of the Roses ( 1989 ) ; Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) ; The American President ( 1995 ) ; The Game ( 1997 ) ; Traffic and Wonder Boys ( 2000 ) ; Solitary Man ( 2009 ) ; and Ant-Man ( 2015 ) . In 2013 , Douglas 's performance as Liberace in the HBO biopic , Behind the Candelabra , received universal critical acclaim , and the actor won numerous accolades for his role , including Golden Globe , Emmy and Screen Actors Guild Awards . Apart from his career in the film industry , Douglas has received notice for his humanitarian and political activism , as well as media attention for his marriage to Catherine Zeta-Jones , and his tongue cancer diagnosis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2316371a4819d7c682e63e2203c1eb48", "text": "Sharon Stone Sharon Yvonne Stone ( born March 10 , 1958 ) is an American actress , film producer , and former fashion model . Stone first came to attention for her role in the miniseries War and Remembrance ( 1989 ) and early mainstream prominence followed with her part in Paul Verhoeven 's Total Recall ( 1990 ) . She became a sex symbol and rose to international recognition with her starring role as Catherine Tramell in another Verhoeven film , the erotic thriller Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She won the Golden Globe Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Martin Scorsese 's Casino ( 1995 ) . She received another two Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in The Mighty ( 1998 ) and The Muse ( 1999 ) . Named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2005 , Stone 's other notable film roles include Sliver ( 1993 ) , The Specialist ( 1994 ) , The Quick and the Dead ( 1995 ) , If These Walls Could Talk 2 ( 2000 ) , Catwoman ( 2004 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Alpha Dog ( 2006 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) , Lovelace ( 2013 ) , and Fading Gigolo ( 2013 ) . Stone has made guest-appearances in The Practice ( 2004 ) , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series , and in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2010 ) . She starred in the short-lived series Agent X ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e544435e732033a6be942249c11bf37c", "text": "Douglas Arrowsmith Douglas Arrowsmith is a Canadian film director and writer . He has produced award-winning documentaries for CBC Television , music videos , and feature-length films for BBC Four , The Movie Network and HBO Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f67820524a39ca84f5b56d248ff77f65", "text": "Michael Stone (loyalist) Michael Stone ( born 2 April 1955 ) is an Ulster loyalist who was a volunteer in the Ulster Defence Association ( UDA ) . Stone was born in England but raised in the Braniel estate in East Belfast , Northern Ireland . Convicted of murdering three people and injuring more than 60 in an attack on mourners at Milltown Cemetery in 1988 , he was sentenced to life imprisonment . While in jail , he became one of the leaders of the Ulster Defence Association/Ulster Freedom Fighters ( UDA/UFF ) prisoners . In 2000 , Stone was released from prison on licence under the Belfast Agreement and subsequently worked as an artist and writer . In November 2006 , Stone was charged with ( among other offences ) the attempted murder of Martin McGuinness and Gerry Adams , having been arrested attempting to enter the parliament buildings at Stormont while armed . Stone was subsequently convicted and sentenced to a further 16 years ' imprisonment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4cea9a2ba596e9e4cd041a13814bfc0", "text": "Warren Douglas Warren Douglas ( July 29 , 1911 -- November 15 , 1997 ) was an American film actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d30ad1242317a1d979e4006c369881", "text": "Michael Foster (writer) Michael Foster ( 1904-1956 ) was an American novelist , journalist , screenwriter and cartoonist . Foster , who was born August 29 , 1904 , in Hardy , Arkansas , was a graduate of the Chicago Art Institute and became a reporter and cartoonist for newspapers in Salina , Kansas , Los Angeles , California , and , by 1937 , Seattle , Washington . His nickname was `` Gully . '' In 1926 , he was working on the Los Angeles Express , a daily newspaper . A friend , Charles Harris Garrigues , wrote that Foster <blockquote> writes , paints , and has been called the second most promising of the young poets in America by the Lit Dig -LSB- Literary Digest '' ' -RSB- -- does n't know one note of music from another and improvises the most beautiful piano music ... He roomed down at the house for a while until we had a fight over a novel he 's writing and then he moved out -- went on a three weeks ' drunk and only started back to work when I threatened to knock his block off if he did n't . </blockquote> Foster 's first novel , Forgive Adam , was published in 1935 by W. Morrow and Co. . Margaret Wallace of the New York Times said of the author : Michael Foster , a young newspaper man on the Pacific Coast , is the newest recruit to the ranks of the hard-boiled novelists . In the brief declarative sentences of his prose style , in his method of consistent understatement , in his attitude of weary and rather self-conscious disillusionment , he has aligned himself with the school of Hemingway and his imitators . The second novel , American Dream , came in 1937 . American Dream told the story of `` a disillusioned newspaperman who discovers through old family letters what America meant to the writers and what America should mean to him . Several scenes are reminiscent of the tawdry political atmosphere rendered in Ben Hecht 's and Charles MacArthur 's 1928 play , The Front Page . '' . Los Angeles Times reviewer Milton Merlin said that the work was : not an entirely satisfying novel , but it is an ambitious enterprise and an exceptionally compelling story told with feeling and facility ... . Foster , a Seattle reporter , chooses a member of his profession for his central figure . Shelby Thrall , a disillusioned idealist at 30 , reviews three generations of Thralls in an attempt to recapture the meaning of the `` American Dream . '' Shelby 's recollections , stirred by a pile of old , crumbling letters in the attic , cover a span of three generations ... Two books followed -- To Remember at Midnight ( 1938 ) and House Above the River ( 1946 ) . About his final book , The Dusty Godmother ( 1949 ) . reviewer A.C. Spectorsky wrote in the New York Times that Foster had expanded a slick-magazine short story into a light novel which disappoints largely because it has frequent and unfulfilled intimations and overtones of being far more than just that . Garrigues wrote in 1957 after Foster 's death that when Foster `` had done penance to his father by The American Dream , '' he had done all he had to do ... . he had written himself out when he made peace with his father , who was dead ; after that , he drank himself to death trying to find something that was not in him . '' Foster died on March 25 , 1956 , in California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53791857eef153b0ef6c25deb528e755", "text": "Michael Anthony Franano Michael Anthony Franano ( born 1964 ) is an American rock singer/songwriter and musician known for his work in the hard rock and alternative genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963", "text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "038fdb6b1f68bf8123570319010b9b90", "text": "Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (film) Dealing : Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues is a 1972 film based on the 1970 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and Douglas Crichton , published under the pseudonym Michael Douglas . It was American independent film directed by Paul Williams and starred Robert F. Lyons and John Lithgow in his film debut in the supporting role of John , the campus drug dealer . Barbara Hershey appears in the role of the novice drug-courier , Susan , who loses the bag of bricks on a cross-country flight from Berkeley to Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1200b4effa5ba9faca4abd0694301b97", "text": "The Juggler (film) The Juggler ( 1953 ) is a drama film about a survivor of the Holocaust , played by Kirk Douglas . The screenplay was adapted by Michael Blankfort from his novel of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "619d2309500d0073fb667866ecd6a641", "text": "Shirley Douglas Shirley Jean Douglas , ( born April 2 , 1934 ) is a Canadian television , film and stage actress and activist . Her acting career combined with her family name has made her recognizable in Canadian film , television and national politics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a35c32bb7c64afcf06714d4ef5dc3c3e", "text": "Sharon Presley Sharon Presley ( born 23 March 1943 ) , is an American libertarian feminist , writer , activist , and retired lecturer in psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a564baac596940b2938b600de6d54166", "text": "Douglas Anne Munson Douglas Anne Munson ( February 17 , 1948 -- December 22 , 2003 ) was an attorney , teacher , and author of four critically acclaimed novels . She published three of those novels under the pseudonym of Mercedes Lambert . Douglas Anne Munson was born in Crossville , Tennessee on February 17 , 1948 . She was named Douglas by her father in honor of his brother Douglas who died in World War II . As the daughter of a newspaperman , Douglas 's childhood was spent moving from town to town before her family finally settled in southern California . Douglas attended the University of New Mexico , where she majored in Latin American studies , and lived for a year in Ecuador . After attending law school at UCLA , Douglas became an attorney in the Los Angeles criminal courts . Most of her legal career was spent in dependency court . Dependency court is where children who have been removed from their parent 's custody because of severe abuse , neglect or abandonment move through the legal system . It 's a niche of the judicial system with a high burn-out rate . In 1990 , Douglas published a novel called El Niño with Viking Press . The book was well received by critics and Douglas went on to publish two mystery novels with Vikingunder the name of Mercedes Lambert , Dogtown in 1991 and Soultown in 1996 . These books feature two women detectives : Whitney Logan , fresh out of law school , and Lupe Ramos , a chicana prostitute . Drawn into webs of corruption and deceit , Whitney and Lupe move through the multicultural landscape of southern California . Their relationship underlines the cultural friction in Los Angeles at the end of the 20th century . `` Los Angeles is the greatest city for crime fiction because of all the conflicts and potential for conflict . We start out on a precarious footing , trembling on the brink of natural disaster . Then we take hundreds of thousands of people who did n't get along in their countries of origin , add that to an entrenched , angry and frightened group of people who do n't want them here , throw in a Santa Ana , a few random insane murderers and pedophiles and then turn the whole thing over to studio executives and the LAPD . It 's like a woman with bad skin piling on a lot of makeup . Things are going to get ugly before the night is over . '' Douglas Anne Munson , Los Angeles magazine , 1996 In the mid-1990s , Douglas had three well-regarded books published . She was teaching creative writing and journaling at UCLA . Los Angeles magazine , in an article on the hottest LA mystery writers , included her in a group composed of Michael Connelly , Walter Mosley , James Ellroy , and Robert Crais . Despite growing recognition and accomplishment , Douglas was struggling to stay afloat . As the caseload in dependency court grew , she became less able to endure the suffering she witnessed daily . In 1996 , Douglas resigned from the courts and quit teaching . She moved briefly to Bainbridge Island in Washington state to complete the third Whitney Logan novel , Ghosttown . During this time she traveled back-and-forth to San Francisco to earn a credential to teach English abroad . After completing Ghosttown , Douglas sent it to her agent . She learned a month later the publisher had rejected the book , mainly over creative differences . After trying unsuccessfully to reshape the book into a completely different work , Douglas stopped writing completely and accepted a position in the Czech Republic teaching English to soldiers , missionaries , and mink farmers . In 2001 , Douglas discovered a lump in her breast . She had successfully fought breast cancer while writing El Niño in the late 1980s . Fearing the cancer had returned , Douglas returned to the United States to seek medical treatment in Connecticut . When the tests were conclusive , she was given six months to live . She outlived that prediction , and was able to make one last visit to the Czech Republic in December 2003 before dying on December 22 , 2003 at a hospital in Norwalk , Connecticut . Four years after her death , Ghosttown , the third and final Whitney Logan mystery , found a publisher with Five Star Mystery ; in the Spring of 2008 , the first two Whitney Logan mysteries -- Dogtown and Soultown -- will be reprinted in a single edition by Stark House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc5b2c84f4e3d30361d40bf4ee259768", "text": "Peter Stone Peter Hess Stone ( February 27 , 1930 -- April 26 , 2003 ) was an American writer for theater , television and movies . Stone is perhaps best remembered by the general public for the screenplays he wrote or co-wrote in the mid-1960s , Charade ( 1963 ) , Father Goose ( 1964 ) , and Mirage ( 1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3923dc87d6a499b8e2f10e3df1a5468", "text": "Michael Moon (band) The Michael Moon Band was a New York -- based alternative rock group active in the late 1990s . Michael Moon was the stage name for Michael Anthony Franano . Franano , formerly from the bands The Front and Bakers Pink and The Michael Moon Band released one pop album in 1998 titled , You . The Michael Moon Band made a cameo appearance under the name Michael Moon/El Flamingo Band in the Woody Allen / Miramax film , Celebrity , performing the single Chanel No. 5 in a club scene while Kenneth Branagh dances with Charlize Theron . Michael is also credited for writing , composing and performing the music on Lynn 's Wake , an independent film and Winner of the Best Short Screenplay in the Atlantic City Film Festival in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "083e0e2db581fa89909484c5552b20a4", "text": "Douglas Henderson (actor) Douglas Henderson ( January 14 , 1919 in Montclair , New Jersey -- April 5 , 1978 in Studio City , California ) was an American film and television actor . Originally a stage actor , he made the shift to film in 1952 , with his appearance in Stanley Kramer 's Eight Iron Men . Additional film appearances include the 1962 John Frankenheimer film The Manchurian Candidate , in which he played Col. Milt , the direct supervisor of the Maj. Marco character ( played by Frank Sinatra ) . He played Congressman Morrissey in the 1968 comedy Stay Away , Joe starring Elvis Presley . On television , Henderson made six guest appearances on Perry Mason , including the role of title character and defendant Felix Heidemann in the 1960 episode , `` The Case of the Clumsy Clown . '' In 1963 he again played the defendant , this time Dwight Garrett , in `` The Case of the Elusive Element . '' In 1965 he played murder victim Frank Jones , alias Frank Jensen , in `` The Case of the Wrongful Writ , '' and in 1966 he again played the defendant , Greg Stanley , in `` The Case of the Crafty Kidnapper . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43bbbe67d1f2153779bd4361ac0aa0d", "text": "Michael Landon Jr. Michael Graham Landon Jr. ( born June 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113e92a8d9cd8d935b9451879c89e081", "text": "Secrets of Sex Secrets of Sex ( 1969 , released 1970 ) , also known as Bizarre , is a British film , directed by Antony Balch , an experimental filmmaker and frequent collaborator with William S. Burroughs . The film is narrated by an Egyptian mummy ( voiced by Valentine Dyall ) . After directing the Burroughs-influenced shorts Towers Open Fire ( 1963 ) and The Cut Ups ( 1967 ) , Balch approached producer Richard Gordon in 1968 to direct an anthology film running just over an hour , titled Multiplication . After the script was rewritten to bring the film up to feature length and the budget doubled ( 32,000 pounds ) filming took place over 14 weeks in 1969 . Released in February 1970 , it was a huge success in the UK , running for six months at the Jacey Cinema in Piccadilly Circus alone , during which time it recouped its entire production cost . The film remained in circulation in the UK throughout the 1970s , sometimes appearing in a half hour edited version that played on the second half of double-bills . Five writers are credited with the script , although several other people , including Brion Gysin and Ian Cullen ( writer of Cruel Passion ( 1977 ) and husband of Yvonne Quenet , who plays Mary-Claire in the film ) also claimed to have worked on the writing . Many of the actresses who appear nude in the film , such as Nicole Austin and Maria Frost , were mainly topless models who had begun to get minor acting roles in British sex and horror films of the period . Frost , who plays Lindy Leigh in the film , was so horrified she 'd been given a major role in the film that she reportedly told Balch `` I 'm a model , I ca n't act . '' She had previously appeared in two Harrison Marks shorts , Maria and Scouts Honour . The dinosaur sculptures that feature in the `` Strange Young Man '' segment are the famous Crystal Palace Dinosaurs . Commenting on the film in an unpublished 1975 interview , Balch claimed `` this is a very uneven film , but three episodes and a single shot , are good . I liked the ones with the photographer , Elliot Stein , and the Lady in the Greenhouse . The episode of the monster baby is a bore , but the single shot of it , at the end is brilliant . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec87486994623c6d57980557c980ef96", "text": "Michael Scott (The Office) Michael Gary Scott is a fictional character in NBC 's The Office , portrayed by Steve Carell and based on David Brent from the original British version of the program . Michael is the central character of the series , serving as Regional Manager of the Scranton branch of paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin Inc. from season 1 through 7 . However , he leaves Dunder Mifflin temporarily to form the Michael Scott Paper Company during the late end of the 5th season and shares a co-managerial position with Jim Halpert during a 6th season arc from `` The Meeting '' to `` The Manager and the Salesman '' . In the end of the 7th season , he proposes to HR representative Holly Flax and moves to Colorado to take care of her aging parents , leaving the manager position to Deangelo Vickers in `` Goodbye , Michael '' , to Andy Bernard in season 8 after Vickers becomes brain dead , and ultimately to Dwight Schrute in season 9 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a28c25acee572997544c5304c9fea134
Iron Man 3 is number seven of the films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
[ { "docid": "cd6b40b5352ddd37268c14da9d3af767", "text": "Iron Man 3 Iron Man 3 ( stylized onscreen as Iron Man Three ) is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2008 's Iron Man and 2010 's Iron Man 2 , and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Shane Black directed a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce , which uses concepts from the `` Extremis '' story arc by Warren Ellis . The film stars Robert Downey Jr. , Gwyneth Paltrow , Don Cheadle , Guy Pearce , Rebecca Hall , Stephanie Szostak , James Badge Dale , Jon Favreau , and Ben Kingsley . In Iron Man 3 , Tony Stark deals with posttraumatic stress disorder caused by the events of The Avengers , while investigating the reemergence of the Ten Rings , led by the mysterious Mandarin and comes into a conflict with an old enemy : Aldrich Killian . After the release of Iron Man 2 in May 2010 , Favreau , who served as director , decided not to return , and in February 2011 Black was hired to write and direct the film . Black and Pearce opted to make the script more character-centric and focused on thriller elements . Throughout April and May 2012 , the film 's supporting cast was filled out , with Kingsley , Pearce , and Hall brought in to portray key roles . Filming began on May 23 , and lasted through December 17 , 2012 , primarily at EUE/Screen Gems Studios in Wilmington , North Carolina . Additional shooting took place at various locations around North Carolina , as well as Florida , China , and Los Angeles . The visual effects were handled by 17 companies , including Scanline VFX , Digital Domain , and Weta Digital . The film was converted to 3D in post-production . Iron Man 3 premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on April 14 , 2013 . It began its release on April 25 , 2013 , internationally , and debuted in the United States one week later on May 3 . The film received generally positive reviews and was commercially successful , grossing over $ 1.2 billion worldwide , the second highest-grossing film of 2013 overall , and the second-highest-grossing film at the domestic box office released in 2013 . It became the sixteenth film to gross over $ 1 billion and the 5th-highest-grossing film of all time , with its opening weekend ranking as the 6th-highest-grossing opening of all time . The film also received a nomination for Academy Award in the category of Best Visual Effects , and received another nomination for BAFTA Award in the same category .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "4f70baff569a8022a98a92db2243646a", "text": "Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert . The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6fdda7ad5031160cd87e2695f485a5", "text": "Ultimate Comics: The Ultimates Ultimate Comics : The Ultimates is an ongoing monthly comic book series published by Marvel Comics that made its debut in September 2011 as part of the second re-launch of Ultimate Marvel . Through the `` Ultimate Universe Reborn '' tagline following the `` Death of Spider-Man '' and written by Jonathan Hickman with art by Esad Ribic , the series also serves as a continuation of elements from Ultimate Comics : Fallout , and exists alongside other relaunched Ultimate Marvel titles including Ultimate Comics : Spider-Man and Ultimate Comics : X-Men . The series continues the adventures of the Ultimates , including Nick Fury , Thor and Iron Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b61a7c2ef4e4de2686cd9f21b8c2c091", "text": "2016 in film 2016 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and deaths .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e31a88f972125866e8085cb8fe73ca52", "text": "Wolverine (comic book) Wolverine is a number of Marvel Comics comic book series starring the X-Men member Wolverine . As of April 2013 , 323 issues and 11 annuals have been published . It is the original flagship title created for the character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8844365ef317e003de80bde9d96c7f42", "text": "Happy Hogan (comics) Harold `` Happy '' Hogan is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted usually as a supporting character in stories featuring Iron Man . The character is portrayed in the Marvel Cinematic Universe by Jon Favreau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c75f70c32ea54b77cbe77e2ae3ad18a", "text": "Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics) Captain Marvel is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Most of these versions exist in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b32475d6402502fd34652dca9c95341", "text": "Iron Maiden discography The discography of Iron Maiden , a British heavy metal band founded in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris , includes sixteen studio albums , as well as numerous live albums , compilations , EPs , singles , video albums , music videos , and box sets . After several auditions and changes , the final lineup consisted of vocalist Paul Di'Anno , guitarists Dave Murray and Dennis Stratton , and drummer Clive Burr . They released their self-titled debut album in 1980 ; quickly becoming one of the leading proponents of the new wave of British heavy metal movement . Guitarist Adrian Smith replaced Stratton , and a `` consistent highlight '' , Killers , was released in 1981 . Later that year , vocalist Bruce Dickinson replaced Paul Di'Anno , marking the beginning of a series of top-ten high-impact releases . They issued `` the 1982 masterpiece '' , The Number of the Beast , becoming the band 's first release to top the UK charts , and received a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Drummer Nicko McBrain replaced Clive Burr , and the band released Piece of Mind in 1983 , followed by a `` true heavy metal achievement '' , Powerslave ( 1984 ) . Iron Maiden broadened their sound with the use of guitar synthesisers in Somewhere in Time ( 1986 ) . Their following concept album , Seventh Son of a Seventh Son , was released in 1988 , and also topped the UK charts . The line-up remained unchanged until Adrian Smith left the band during the pre-production stage of their last gold-certified album in the US , No Prayer for the Dying ( 1990 ) ; he was replaced by Janick Gers . Their next UK No. 1 album , Fear of the Dark , was released in 1992 , after which Dickinson left the band in the following year . His replacement , Blaze Bayley , debuted in 1995 with The X Factor , `` a lackluster '' album that marked a decline in the band 's career . The diminished fan interest in 1998 with Virtual XI prompted Bayley 's departure . Dickinson and Smith returned to the band in 1999 , and a new album , Brave New World , was issued in 2000 . Three years later , Dance of Death was released , which marked `` a triumphant return to form '' . In 2006 they released `` a more elaborate and meandering '' album , A Matter of Life and Death , which received , along with their two previous studio releases , a gold certification by the BPI . In 2010 , Iron Maiden issued The Final Frontier , which was positively received by critics , and debuted at No. 1 in over twenty-eight countries , including the United Kingdom . Their sixteenth studio effort , The Book of Souls , was released on 4 September 2015 and became their fifth UK No. 1 album . Overall , the band have reputedly sold between 80 and 100 million albums worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3993cc87baf92140281e19d5c6af99fa", "text": "Shadowland (comics) `` Shadowland '' is a 2010 Marvel Comics storyline centering on Daredevil and other `` street-level '' superheroes in the Marvel Universe . The storyline started in the Daredevil comic and was expanded upon in the Shadowland five-issue mini series as well as four tie-in mini series , four one-shots , and two issues of Thunderbolts . The storyline was collected into seven individual hard cover and soft cover Trade paperbacks in 2011 . The story chronicles Daredevils ' return to Hell 's Kitchen after he becomes the leader of the Hand Ninja clan . He builds a temple/prison in Hell 's Kitchen , the eponymous Shadowland . His methods get more extreme as he kills long-time adversary Bullseye . The change in attitude brings him and his ally White Tiger in conflict with a number of street level super-heroes such as Spider-Man , Luke Cage , Iron Fist , Moon Knight and more . The storyline also introduces a new Power Man to the Marvel Universe . The heroes later realize that Daredevil has become possessed by the Beast of the Hand , which explains why Daredevil 's actions have become more and more extreme and erratic . The heroes are helped out by the Kingpin and Lady Bullseye as they try to preserve the Kingpin 's criminal empire . In the final moments of the story Iron Fist uses his mystical chi to heal Daredevil , releasing the demon inside him . In an act of sacrifice Daredevil kills himself before the Beast can take control of him again , breaking the spell the Beast had on Hell 's Kitchen . Afterwards his corpse disappears , apparently to be revived by Elektra at the conclusion of the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "818ebce0611fae33bcc15da97b824e2a", "text": "7 7 ( seven ; -LSB- ˈsɛvən -RSB- ) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46a0404247a4625830cf6f656931924a", "text": "Thor: The Mighty Avenger (toy line) Thor : The Mighty Avenger is a toy line manufactured by Hasbro based on the Marvel Comics film , Thor . It is composed mainly of 3.75 '' scale action figures . The line falls under Marvel 's `` Avengers Assemble '' marketing banner , which will also include the Iron Man : The Armored Avenger and Captain America : The First Avenger toy lines . This will be used as a lead up to 2012 's The Avengers motion picture . Unlike previous 3.75 '' action figure lines based on movies , Hasbro is not doing a comic series with this line . All of the figures will be based on the movie . This official street date for the line is March 1 , though some stores have started selling the toys in early February .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76f3dbdf2cc9cfaaac0e6f4291441325", "text": "Collector (comics) The Collector ( Taneleer Tivan ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character has been featured in nearly five decades of Marvel continuity . The Collector appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , portrayed by Benicio del Toro , in a cameo in the mid-credits scene of 2013 's Thor : The Dark World , and in 2014 's Guardians of the Galaxy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f83c9bcd2fcb2e65b3c3c51d09d972fb", "text": "Jedi Academy trilogy The Jedi Academy trilogy is a trilogy of science fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe . Written by Kevin J. Anderson , the plot takes place around seven years after the events of Return of the Jedi , in 11 ABY . The series chronicles Luke Skywalker 's early attempts to rebuild the Jedi Order after the defeat of the Emperor . Some of the events in the trilogy are retold from a different perspective in I , Jedi by Michael A. Stackpole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9d150a583ae9dd0c39c70572dc3b70", "text": "Infinite Comics Infinite Comics is an imprint of comic books published by Marvel Comics , featuring original , made-for-digital stories about the company 's superhero characters , including Spider-Man , Wolverine , the Guardians of the Galaxy , the Silver Surfer , the X-Men and the Avengers . The imprint was launched in 2012 with the publication of Avengers vs. X-Men # 1 : Infinite featuring Nova . Infinite Comics are designed for horizontal , on-screen reading . Rather than telling a story over a series of static pages that are divided into panels , Infinite Comics present screens of content that `` take advantage of the digital format with techniques that would not be possible in a print comic , like dynamic panel transitions and captions or dialogue boxes that appear sequentially on an image at the prompting of the reader . '' The user retains control over the pace of the reading experience , advancing the story with each swipe -- sometimes staggering elements into the existing screen ( for example , a new word balloon ) and at other times revealing an entirely new screen . This narrative technique was inspired by the work of a French comic book artist , Yves Bigerel ( alias `` Balak '' ) , who was recruited by Marvel as artistic consultant , storyboarder and artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76e21d3c01504faa5099b793d668a386", "text": "Secret War (comics) Secret War is a 2004 -- 2005 five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics . The series is written by Brian Michael Bendis and painted by Gabriele Dell ` Otto . It is loosely based on classified operations told to Bendis by an anonymous high-ranking officer in the United States Intelligence Community during Bendis ' childhood . The storyline involves a large-scale super-hero crossover featuring Marvel characters such as Spider-Man , Captain America , Wolverine , Daredevil , Luke Cage and Nick Fury fighting a wide array of super-villains who have received hi-tech armaments from a mysterious benefactor . The first issue was published in April 2004 , and though intended originally as a bimonthly publication , it faced long delays . It was completed with issue five 's publication in December 2005 . The aftermath of the series was explored in stories in The Pulse and Bendis has gone on to use many of the same characters in his New Avengers titles . This event begins an eight-year-long series of cross-over events ending with Avengers vs. X-Men . The storyline in Secret War is unrelated to the original Secret Wars and Secret Wars II crossover limited series which Marvel published in the mid-1980s , although its title is clearly inspired by them . Those stories received their own spiritual successor in Beyond ! , published in 2006 . Bendis has noted that Secret War is connected to the `` Secret Invasion '' storyline , in which Skrulls have infiltrated several institutions of Earth .", "title": "" } ]
fever
aaf9927ebec20c27287b9fd3248ee45a
Gone Girl was not written by Gillian Flynn.
[ { "docid": "6649bf2ae584922cf150e03c6e6d7c49", "text": "Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 American psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher and written by Gillian Flynn , based on her 2012 novel of the same name . The film stars Ben Affleck , Rosamund Pike , Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry . Set in Southwest Missouri , the story begins as a mystery that follows the events surrounding Nick Dunne ( Affleck ) , who becomes the primary suspect in the sudden disappearance of his wife , Amy ( Pike ) . The film had its world premiere on opening night of the 52nd New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before a nationwide theatrical release on October 3 . It was received well critically and was a commercial success , grossing $ 369 million , making it the highest-grossing film by Fincher . Rosamund Pike 's performance was particularly praised , and she received nominations for an Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress . Further nominations included a Golden Globe Award for Best Director for Fincher and Golden Globe Award , BAFTA Award and Critics ' Choice Award nominations for Flynn 's adapted screenplay , receiving the award for the latter .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "790d44f347a02e310407ace722774f77", "text": "Country Girl Country Girl may refer to : Country Girl ( memoir ) , a memoir by Edna O'Brien `` Country Girl '' ( Primal Scream song ) , 2006 `` Country Girl '' ( Faron Young song ) , 1959 `` Country Girl ( Shake It for Me ) '' , a 2011 song by Luke Bryan Country Girl ( Dottie West album ) , 1968 Country Girl ( Olivia Newton-John album ) , 1998 `` Country Girl '' , a song by Crosby , Stills , Nash , and Young from Déjà Vu `` Country Girl '' , a song by Black Sabbath from Mob Rules `` Country Girl '' , a charting single for Jeannie C. Riley in 1970 which appears on her Generation Gap album `` Country Girl '' , a song by Nazareth from Nazareth `` Country Girl '' , a single by Brinsley Schwarz which appears on their Despite It All album", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c73fff0da18af7d03ae0f1eaff175c8", "text": "Three Words (The X-Files) `` Three Words '' is the sixteenth episode of the eighth season ( and the 177th episode overall ) of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It first aired in the United States and Canada on April 8 , 2001 , on Fox . It was written by executive producers Chris Carter and Frank Spotnitz , and directed by Tony Wharmby . The episode explores the series ' overarching mythology and earned a Nielsen rating of 7.6 and was viewed by 7.77 million households , receiving mixed to positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) , Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) and John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . In this episode , Mulder secretly conducts his own investigation after a man is gunned down on the White House lawn attempting to inform the President of a planned alien invasion . However , he is soon in over his head as he tries to expose further evidence of colonization . The episode was written as a way to signal Mulder 's exit from the FBI . The producers and writers felt that , if Mulder 's character was given a clean exit , the show could more easily focus on the characters of John Doggett and Monica Reyes in the following season . Former series star and recurring actor David Duchovny later declared that he had been happy to see his character depart in this manner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f3bbe378663247fc42cdc6b42f83ef", "text": "Perfect Girl `` Perfect Girl '' is the second single from Kim Wilde 's comeback album Never Say Never , released in 2006 . The album contains new songs ( including this one ) as well as re-recorded versions of some of Wilde 's 1980s hits . Released in Germany , the single contained the `` Radio Edit '' of the song , but also two remixes . It also contained a new acoustic version of `` European Soul '' from Wilde 's 1988 best-selling album Close .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d78af8798b23a8edd83e91db8d51d9", "text": "Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life . The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy . Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8d27df25529c1839e648a9cdad0454b", "text": "Why Not (song) `` Why Not '' is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for the soundtrack of the 2003 comedy film , The Lizzie McGuire Movie . It was written by Charlie Midnight alongside the song 's producer , Matthew Gerrard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466ca16fe142bd74c6adc3c3bfba7e68", "text": "You Gotta Not (Little Mix song) `` You Got ta Not '' is a song by English girl group Little Mix from their fourth studio album Glory Days ( 2016 ) . It was co-written by American recording artist Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02bf625e594745c708168834ce451b57", "text": "Girl Talk (musician) Gregg Michael Gillis ( born October 26 , 1981 ) , better known by the stage name Girl Talk , is an American disc jockey specializing in mashups and digital sampling . Gillis has released five LPs on the record label Illegal Art and EPs on 333 and 12 Apostles . He is trained as an engineer but left his job to pursue his music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee8071e7602258b9fa81f7802b3e511", "text": "The Girl from Trieste La Ragazza di Trieste , internationally released as The Girl from Trieste , is a 1982 Italian romance-drama film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile and based on a novel with the same name written by the same Festa Campanile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bb7f2f890f8e72d76acd9120e90b069", "text": "Gillian Gill Gillian Catherine Gill ( born June 12 , 1942 ) is a Welsh-American writer and academic who specializes in biography . She is the author of Agatha Christie ( 1990 ) , Mary Baker Eddy ( 1998 ) , Nightingales : The Extraordinary Upbringing and Curious Life of Miss Florence Nightingale ( 2004 ) , and We Two : Victoria and Albert , Rulers , Partners , Rivals ( 2009 ) . Gill ( née Scobie ) was born in Cardiff , Wales . She attended Cardiff High School for Girls , and graduated from the University of Cambridge with a first-class honours degree in French , Italian , and Latin . She obtained her Ph.D. in March 1972 , also from Cambridge , for a thesis entitled André Malraux : A Study of a Novelist . She emigrated to the United States after marrying , and taught at Northeastern University , Wellesley , Harvard , and Yale , where she was a fellow of Jonathan Edwards College and director of the Women 's Studies Program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd5cf14f851dd5c7ad8a4dcea79fe3c5", "text": "The Third Girl from the Left The Third Girl From the Left is a 1973 made-for-TV movie starring Kim Novak . She plays Gloria Joyce , a chorus girl who has an affair with a delivery boy ( Michael Brandon ) when she realizes that her long-time affair with a nightclub comedian ( Tony Curtis ) is not going anywhere . This was the TV-movie debut for both Kim Novak and Tony Curtis . Also in the cast are Michael Conrad , George Furth and Barbi Benton . This was originally shown on October 16 , 1973 . Hugh Hefner was the Executive Producer for this film , which was made by Playboy Films . It was written by Dory Previn and directed by Peter Medak .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95ebe7394bd5c8da2fe6db6eec396c69", "text": "Bad Girls (series 7) The seventh series of British drama series Bad Girls premiered on ITV on 10 May 2005 . The series concluded on 19 December 2005 with a Christmas Special . Series Seven consists of thirteen episodes . The series is significant in that it marks the departure of Jack Ellis , who had appeared as Jim Fenner since the beginning of Series One . As Series Six was initially to be his final series , Ellis decided to return one last time . This series also sees the departure of Tracey Wilkinson , who had played the part of Di Barker since Series Two , Philip McGough who was first introduced in Series Two as prison doctor , Malcolm Nicholson , James Gaddas who appears for the final time as main character Neil Grayling ( making a one-off guest appearance in the first episode of Series Eight ) and Tristan Sturrock who has played Colin Hedges since Series Five . This series sees the introduction of Nicola Stapleton ( Janine Nebeski ) , Rebecca Hazlewood ( Arun Palmer ) , Liz May Brice ( Pat Kerrigan ) , Laura Rogers ( Sheena Williams ) , Andrew Scarborough ( Kevin Spiers ) and Ellie Haddington ( Joy Masterton ) respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de02cac31c3c637ba4e67979108a90a2", "text": "Front Lines (novel) Front Lines is a young adult historical novel by the American writer Michael Grant , who is most famous for his dystopian young adult fictional series The Gone Series . It is written from the viewpoint of three girls , Rio Richlin , Frangie Marr , and Rainy Schulterman . The series was originally titled Soldier Girls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42a99524fa5e5c8f7ab76439bb28feee", "text": "Southern Girl `` Southern Girl '' is a song written by Jaren Johnston , Rodney Clawson , and Lee Thomas Miller , and performed by American country music artist Tim McGraw . It was released in July 2013 as the fourth single from the album Two Lanes of Freedom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c831825eb0d0f567d93b410b0529ef6", "text": "Gonesville `` Gonesville '' is a song by Bob Weir , which is the second single from his third solo album , Blue Mountain . Written by Weir in collaboration with members of The National ; Josh Ritter , Josh Kaufman , Scott Devendorf , Joe Russo , and The Walkmen 's Walter Martin , along with lyricists Gerrit Graham and John Perry Barlow . The producers are Josh Kaufman and Daniel Goodwin . `` Gonesville '' premiered on Rolling Stone 's website for streaming . `` Gonesville , '' is a bouncy , sing-along track that was co-written by Josh Ritter . Elias Leight , from Rolling Stone , described the song as `` Weir and his band shambling cheerfully here : The bass line hints at the verve of honky tonk , the harmonica scoots forward and the lead guitar spits lively licks . A raft of backing vocalists join in during the chorus , adding to the cool , festive air , and `` Gonesville '' comes to a close with a jaunty group chant . '' Speaking about the inspiration for song , Weir described the song as `` being a take on a Rockabilly tune . I was trying to go back and channel Elvis for the vocal , and for the music as well . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6124ceaba61cb4ad96d60613b524d3e", "text": "Gillian Armstrong Gillian May Armstrong ( born 18 December 1950 ) is an award-winning Australian feature film and documentary director , who specializes in period-drama . Her films often feature female perspectives and protagonists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90c774efd7d0a640afa16507a02f4870", "text": "Flynn (film) Flynn is an Australian film about the early life of Errol Flynn , focusing on his time in New Guinea starring Guy Pearce in the title role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a796e5942bae8a4ddc578ea3c2759ba", "text": "GO (American magazine) GO ( previously GO NYC ) , is a `` cultural roadmap for the city girl , '' and is the nation 's most widely distributed , free , lesbian magazine . Based out of New York City , GO distributes 30,000 copies in 10 major cities , and receives 250,000 unique web hits monthly . The publication offers information on nightlife , arts & entertainment , news & current events , lifestyle , travel , advice , and celebrity Q&A s. GO was founded in 2001 by publisher Amy Lesser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3c673983155274d991e48586ab93d5", "text": "List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross . Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive . Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .", "title": "" } ]
fever
94191afc9b0457d68642713b1acfb129
Beverly Hills, 90210 addressed numerous topical issues such as date rape, gay rights, animal rights, alcoholism, drug abuse, domestic violence, sex, antisemitism, racism, teenage suicide, teenage pregnancy, and AIDS.
[ { "docid": "ef425c8568665ad7b0d31498551c0491", "text": "Beverly Hills, 90210 Beverly Hills , 90210 is an American drama television series that ran for ten seasons -- originally airing from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , on Fox , and was produced by Spelling Television in the United States -- and subsequently on numerous networks around the world . It is the first of five television series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The show follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California as they make their way through high school to college and into the adult world . The show was created by Darren Star and executive producers Charles Rosin ( originally ) followed in later seasons by Aaron Spelling , E. Duke Vincent , Paul Waigner , Steve Wasserman , and Jessica Klein . The `` 90210 '' in the title refers to one of the city 's five ZIP codes . The initial premise of the show was based on the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon ( Jason Priestley ) and Brenda Walsh ( Shannen Doherty ) experienced when they and their parents , Jim ( James Eckhouse ) and Cindy ( Carol Potter ) moved from Minneapolis , Minnesota to Beverly Hills . In addition to chronicling the friendships and romantic relationships of the characters , the show also addressed numerous topical issues such as date rape , gay rights , animal rights , alcoholism , drug abuse , domestic violence , sex , antisemitism , racism , teenage suicide , teenage pregnancy , and AIDS . Beverly Hills , 90210 was named one of the Best School Shows of All Time by AOL TV . After a poor start in the ratings during its first season , the series gained popularity during the summer of 1991 , when Fox aired a special `` summer season '' of the show while most other series were in reruns . The series became one of Fox 's top shows when it began its next season that fall . Viewership increased dramatically and the cast members , particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry , became teen idols , while the series would make actresses Shannen Doherty , Jennie Garth and Tori Spelling household names in the US . The show also had many cast changes , with Garth , Spelling , Ian Ziering and Brian Austin Green being the only actors to appear during its entire run .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24aa483944fbe1769371f291ffea6174", "text": "Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship The Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship , better known as the Williams Committee , was a 1970s British Home Office committee chaired by Professor Bernard Williams . The task of the committee was to `` review the laws concerning obscenity , indecency and violence in publications , displays and entertainments in England and Wales , except in the field of broadcasting , and to review the arrangements for film censorship in England and Wales '' . The committee reported in 1979 that : `` Given the amount of explicit sexual material in circulation and the allegations often made about its effects , it is striking that one can find case after case of sex crimes and murder without any hint at all that pornography was present in the background . '' The Committee 's report was evidently influenced by the liberal thinking of John Stuart Mill , a philosopher greatly admired by Williams , and who used Mill 's principle of liberty to develop what he called the `` harm condition , '' whereby `` no conduct should be suppressed by law unless it can be shown to harm someone . '' Williams concluded that pornography could not be shown to be harmful and that `` the role of pornography in influencing society is not very important ... to think anything else is to get the problem of pornography out of proportion with the many other problems that face our society today . '' The committee reported that , so long as children were protected from seeing it , adults should be free to read and watch pornography as they saw fit . It found that the existing variety of laws in the field should be scrapped , and that terms such as ` obscene ' , ` indecent ' and ` deprave and corrupt ' should be abandoned as they were no longer useful . The Committee thought existing laws should be replaced with a comprehensive new statute , under which the availability of material would be restricted so that it did not cause offence to reasonable people , and was not accessible to children . The recommended restrictions on availability would not have been confined just to material that involved nudity and/or which was sexually explicit . Restrictions were to apply to : `` matter ( other than the printed word ) and to a performance whose unrestricted availability is offensive to reasonable people by reason of the manner in which it portrays , deals with or relates to violence , cruelty or horror , or sexual , faecal or urinary functions or genital organs . '' Regarding the definition of pornography the commission stated that , `` a pornographic representation is one that combines two features : it has a certain function or intention , to arouse its audience sexually , and also a certain content , explicit representations of sexual material ( organs , postures , activity , etc ) . On the difference between ` obscenity ' and ` pornography ' , the committee found that the word ` obscene ' was a subjective term that refers to peoples reaction to material , and that '' it principally expresses an intense or extreme version of what we have called ` offensiveness ' . It may be that it particularly emphasises the most strongly aversive element in that notion , the idea of an object 's being repulsive or disgusting . '' ` Pornography ' however was found to be `` a rather more objective expression referring to a certain kind of writing , picture etc ... Pornography will have some tendency to be obscene , but will not necessarily be so ... a tendency to be offensive is built into it , but it is not universally even offensive ... Still less must it inevitably be very strongly offensive or obscene . '' On whether art could be obscene , it reported that , `` work ... may be experienced as offensive , and also be experienced as having aesthetic interest , but in the case of which the two experiences do not occur at the same time . These will be works which are found offensive at first , or by a spectator who remains distanced from them , but which lose that character for someone involved in them . It did however recognize that `` it would be unwise to deny that ... there could be works which were , and remained , offensive , indeed intensely offensive or obscene . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dc95fbf35a111705d075554a6cdfe54", "text": "Women Against Pornography Women Against Pornography ( WAP ) was a radical feminist activist group based out of New York City that had an influential force in the anti-pornography movement of the late 1970s and the 1980s . WAP was the most well known feminist anti-pornography group out of many that were active throughout the United States and the anglophone world , primarily from the late 1970s through the early 1990s . After previous failed attempts to start a broad feminist anti-pornography group in New York City , WAP was finally established in 1978 . WAP quickly drew widespread support for its anti-pornography campaign , and in late 1979 held a March on Times Square that included over 5000 supporters . Through their march as well as other means of activism , WAP was able to bring in unexpected financial support from the Mayor 's office , theater owners , and other parties with an interest in the gentrification of Times Square . WAP became known because of their anti-pornography informational tours of sex shops and pornographic theaters held in Times Square . In the 1980s , WAP began to focus more on lobbying and legislative efforts against pornography , particularly in support of civil-rights-oriented antipornography legislation . They were also active in testifying before the Meese Commission and some of their advocacy of a civil-rights based anti-pornography model found its way into the final recommendations of the commission . In the late 1980s , the leadership of WAP changed their focus again , this time more on the issue of international sex trafficking , which led to the founding of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women . In the 1990s WAP became less active and eventually faded out of existence in the mid '90s . The positions of Women Against Pornography were controversial . Civil liberties advocates opposed WAP and similar groups , holding that the legislative approaches WAP advocated amounted to censorship . Sex-positive feminists held that feminist campaigns against pornography were misdirected and ultimately threatened sexual freedoms and free speech rights in a way that would be detrimental toward women and sexual minorities . In addition to this , WAP faced conflict with sex-positive feminists , particularly in the events surrounding the 1982 Barnard Conference . These events were battles in what became known as the Feminist Sex Wars of the late 1970s and 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21320181f2aec9ba98b391923d4d8bfb", "text": "LGBT social movements Lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , and questioning ( LGBTQ ) social movements are social movements that advocate for the equalized acceptance of LGBT people in society . In these movements , LGBTQ people and their allies have a long history of campaigning for what is now generally called LGBTQ rights , sometimes also called gay rights or gay and lesbian rights . Although there is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBT people and their interests , numerous LGBT rights organizations are active worldwide . The earliest organizations to support LGBT rights were formed in the 19th century . A commonly stated goal among these movements is social equality for LGBT people , but there is still denial of full LGBTQ rights . Some have also focused on building LGBT communities or worked towards liberation for the broader society from biphobia , homophobia , and transphobia . There is a struggle for LGBTQ rights today . LGBT movements organized today are made up of a wide range of political activism and cultural activity , including lobbying , street marches , social groups , media , art , and research . Overview Sociologist Mary Bernstein writes : `` For the lesbian and gay movement , then , cultural goals include ( but are not limited to ) challenging dominant constructions of masculinity and femininity , homophobia , and the primacy of the gendered heterosexual nuclear family ( heteronormativity ) . Political goals include changing laws and policies in order to gain new rights , benefits , and protections from harm . '' Bernstein emphasizes that activists seek both types of goals in both the civil and political spheres . As with other social movements there is also conflict within and between LGBT movements , especially about strategies for change and debates over exactly who comprises the constituency that these movements represent , this also applies to changing education . There is debate over to what extent lesbians , gays , bisexuals , transgender people , intersexed people and others share common interests and a need to work together . Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the 1970s , 80s and 90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians , feminine gay men , transgender people , and bisexuals from the public eye , creating internal divisions within LGBT communities . Roffee and Waling ( 2016 ) discovered that LGBTIQ people experience microaggressions , bullying and anti-social behaviours from other people within the LGBTIQ community . This is due to misconceptions and conflicting views as to what entails `` LGBTIQ '' . For example , transgender people found that other members of the community were not understanding to their own , individual , specific needs and would instead make ignorant assumptions , and this can cause health risks . Additionally , bisexual people found that lesbian or gay people were not understanding or appreciative of the bisexual sexuality . Evidently , even though most of these people would say that they stand for the same values as the majority of the community , there are still remaining inconsistencies even within the LGBTIQ community . LGBT movements have often adopted a kind of identity politics that sees gay , bisexual and transgender people as a fixed class of people ; a minority group or groups , and this is very common among LGBTQ communities . Those using this approach aspire to liberal political goals of freedom and equal opportunity , and aim to join the political mainstream on the same level as other groups in society . In arguing that sexual orientation and gender identity are innate and can not be consciously changed , attempts to change gay , lesbian and bisexual people into heterosexuals ( `` conversion therapy '' ) are generally opposed by the LGBT community . Such attempts are often based in religious beliefs that perceive gay , lesbian and bisexual activity as immoral . However , others within LGBT movements have criticised identity politics as limited and flawed , elements of the queer movement have argued that the categories of gay and lesbian are restrictive , and attempted to deconstruct those categories , which are seen to `` reinforce rather than challenge a cultural system that will always mark the nonheterosexual as inferior . '' After the French Revolution the anticlerical feeling in Catholic countries coupled with the liberalizing effect of the Napoleonic Code made it possible to sweep away sodomy laws . However , in Protestant countries , where the church was less severe , there was no general reaction against statutes that were religious in origin . As a result , many of those countries retained their statutes on sodomy until late in the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9375a4df28e9473833829ee47c65a9ce", "text": "Social conservatism in the United States Social conservatism in the United States is a political ideology focused on the preservation of traditional values and beliefs , hearkening back to values believed to be present at the American founding . It focuses on a concern with moral and social values which proponents of the ideology see as degraded in modern society by social democracy and liberalism . Social conservatism , while defined differently by many scholars , is often conflated with religious conservatism . Religious conservatives push for a focus on Judeo-Christian traditions as a guiding force for the country on social issues , leading them to be considered social conservatives . Social conservatives are concerned with many social issues such as abortion , sex education , gun control , the equal rights amendment , school prayer , same-sex marriage , and many others . They oppose many of the cultural changes brought on by the culture wars and the sexual revolution . Summarily , this branch of conservatism is concerned with moral and social issues within the United States and uses tradition , strict morals , and religion as solutions for these problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55af7e6783177820fc5319ab17ec95f", "text": "Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation . Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child ( whether by asking or pressuring , or by other means ) , indecent exposure ( of the genitals , female nipples , etc. ) , child grooming , or using a child to produce child pornography . Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings , including home , school , or work ( in places where child labor is common ) . Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse ; UNICEF has stated that child marriage `` represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls '' . The effects of child sexual abuse can include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , complex post-traumatic stress disorder , propensity to further victimization in adulthood , and physical injury to the child , among other problems . Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest . The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated at 19.7 % for females and 7.9 % for males . Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims ; approximately 30 % are relatives of the child , most often brothers , fathers , uncles , or cousins ; around 60 % are other acquaintances , such as `` friends '' of the family , babysitters , or neighbors ; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 % of child sexual abuse cases . Most child sexual abuse is committed by men ; studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14 % to 40 % of offenses reported against boys and 6 % of offenses reported against girls . The word pedophile is commonly applied indiscriminately to anyone who sexually abuses a child , but child sexual offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a strong sexual interest in prepubescent children . Under the law , child sexual abuse is often used as an umbrella term describing criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor or exploits a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification . The American Psychological Association states that `` children can not consent to sexual activity with adults '' , and condemns any such action by an adult : `` An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e44e0d07e24ea19d593662bb71bffb0f", "text": "Psychology of disenfranchisement The Psychology of Disenfranchisement is a theory developed by Rex Briggs while studying minority groups at social research firm Yankelovich Partners . Originally published by Yankelovich Partners , Grant Lukenbill 's book , Untold Millions , applied the theory to help explain marketing opportunities to gays and lesbians . In Brigg 's original research , he observed higher levels of stress , skepticism and self-protection needs among minority groups . The psychology of disenfranchisement theory suggests that there are three components that drive the psychology of disenfranchisement : alienation , cynicism and perceived victimization . These components interact and intensify each other . Alienation , Briggs argues , may be due to negative perceptions , stereotypes and discrimination condoned and practiced by the dominant culture . The perception of separation from the mainstream culture can create severe stress and can be considered the impetus for the psychology of disenfranchisement . Cynicism is one of the inevitable offshoots of alienation , resulting in the conviction that things will go wrong , that harm is to be expected . It involves a sense that the institutions of society ( from which one is alienated ) are not only remote , but inimical . Victimization is the feeling the develops out of the perception of intentional or unintentional undeserved mistreatment by other individuals , organizations , or institutions . Victimization is a logical outgrowth of feelings of cynicism and alienation from the dominant culture . The perceived victimization legitimizes and justifies the cynicism , and over time this cycle can become entrenched , thereby increasing the feelings of alienation . The resulting needs include : self-understanding ( recognition of and respect for one 's individuality ) , association ( a sharing of occasions with `` people like me '' ) , security ( emotional , social and psychical ) , independence , stress relief ( self-indulgence , escapism ) . All the Rage : The Story of Gay Visibility in America cites Briggs ' psychology of disenfranchisement theory as a launching point to discuss how advertising can offer inclusion in its messaging , so as to resonate better . In 2006 , Steven Andrew Culpepper summarized Dubois 1903 book , Sols of Black Folk as capturing the essence of a double-consciousness , a paradoxical experience of deep psychic atrocity tracing from slavery , `` while the American experience resonates with a hopeful ethos characterized by universality of equality and justice for all . '' Culpepper applies this same psychology of disenfranchisement to women , `` that were severely excluded from its rights and privileges in society that touts equality and justice . '' A more literal use of the concept , `` psychology of disenfranchisement '' has been applied by Keven Lanning where he examines the consequences to both the person and the community when individuals do not have equal access , or equal voices , at the polls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "183d50a9848e1b68e5e9d7dc82b0347c", "text": "List of 1997 This American Life episodes In 1997 , there were 40 new This American Life episodes . Kitty Felde shows a side of the Yugoslav War Crimes Trials that has n't been discussed anywhere : a portrait of Americans at the International Tribunal . And other stories . 1997-01-03 . Act I. International Justice . Act II . Juvenile Justice . Act III . Everyday Justice ; Apology Hot Line . Stories about the animalness of animals , the irreducible ways in which they are not human . 1997-01-10 ; This is a repeat of episode 12 which originally aired 1996-01-31 . Prologue Act I. Staging the Food Chain in a New York Apartment . Act II . Animal Court , written by David Sedaris . Act III . The Moment Humans Stop Being Animals . Kevin Kelly was in Jerusalem . For reasons too complicated to go into here , he ended up sleeping on the spot where Jesus was supposedly crucified . After Kevin awoke , the thought came into his head : Live as if you 'll die in six months . So he did . He got rid of all his possessions . He visited his parents and brothers and sisters for the last time . That , and other stories of starting life over , including a visit to a courtroom in Los Angeles where people go to change their names . 1997-01-17 Prologue . Sandra , a gang girl , almost died at the age of fourteen . Act I The Day After Kevin Slept on the Spot Where Jesus was Crucified . Act II The Day Lawrence Left the AIDS Clinic for the Big Road Trip . Act III The Day Claudia Asked Her Brother Some Questions . Act IV The Day Sheryl Got the News . Act V . The Day Matthew saw Bridgette . On the Edge of the World . Stories of people who handle dead animals . Do n't worry -- it 's not as gross as it sounds . In fact , not disgusting at all . A story by George Saunders about an animal control man who falls in unrequited love . A woman who studies illuminated manuscripts , whose pages look like paper but are in fact animals . And other stories . 1997-01-24 Act I. I 'm Fernand , I 'm Glad to be Your Stake Tonight . Act II . The 400lb CEO ; a story by John Saunders . Act III . Dead Animal Man . Act IV . Redemption . Stories about the border between mental health and mental illness . 1997-01-31 Prologue ; Mental Health and Romance . Act I. Girl Interrupted ; based on Susanna Kaysen 's story . Act II . Guided by Voices . Act III . Plague of Tics ; David Sedaris . Act IV . You Do n't Have to be Crazy to Work Here , But it Would Help . What is like to hold the keys to the asylum , but your grip on them is not too steady . For Valentine 's Day , stories about our parents falling in love . And troubles with their love . From Hilton Als , Scott Carrier , Julie Showalter , a magazine column called Men My Mother Dated and others . The idea for this show was inspired by Delmore Schwartz 's classic 1937 work of American fiction about his parents ' courtship : In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories . 1997-02-07 Prologue : Ira Glass reads from `` In Dreams Begin Responsibilities . '' Act I. Men My Mother Dated . Brett Leveridge reads from : `` Men My Mother Dated and Other Mostly True Tales . '' Act II . Mom , Dad and Bats . Bia Lowe Act III . It 's Not the Heat . Song : `` I Got a Crush on You '' Jenny Magnus . Act IV . Hilton Als reads from his book : `` The Women '' Act V. Scott Carrier : `` Running After Antelope '' ; questions to a daughter . Stories , tributes , and attempts to understand the Chairman of the Board . 1997-02-21 Prologue . Ira Glass 's observations on performances of the time and about the performer . Writer Rennie Sparks . Act I : `` The Death of Frank Sinatra '' ; Michael Ventura reads . Act II : A modest request to all of American television from one Sinatra fan on her knees : `` One Sinatra Fan ... Versus All of Network TV '' Act III : History lesson for young people : `` History Lesson . '' Act IV : `` Frank Sinatra Has a Cold . '' Act V : A restaurant full of cabbies gets choked-up over Frank : `` How Sinatra Affects Us . '' A few months ago , radio producer Sandy Tolan was supposed to do a documentary about strippers with an aspiring writer -- and stripper -- named Susan . A few days before they were to begin working together , Susan disappeared , presumed dead . 1997-02-28 Prologue : Sarah , A college student in San Francisco ventures in phone sex business and also finds a job she loves dancing naked at the club . Act 1 : `` Susan '' . Someone whose life comes apart working in the go-go clubs ; Susan Walsh . Sandy Tolan interviews for a documentary . Act II . `` Striptease '' A guy who prefers pornography than having sex with his girlfriend changes . Therapist Lauren Slater . Stories of people changing their name -- some to create a new identity , some to con people . Name changes are particularly American stories : they 're the dream of starting over with a clean slate . They 're Ellis Island and 12-step programs , the move westward and self help , Marilyn Monroe and Malcolm X and the Artist Formerly Known as Prince , all rolled up in one . 1997-03-07 Stories about the delivery business and the people in it . UPS men , bike messengers , FedEx dispatchers . Includes a new radio play by David Sedaris , in which we give him one sound effects record and this assignment : His radio play can only use sound effects from this record , and it must use all the sound effects on the disc . 1997-03-14 Stories of small town life : the claustrophia and freedom people feel in small towns , the yearning people feel in small towns . And three teenagers in one of the harshest urban environments explain how the public housing projects are like a small town . 1997-04-04 Stories about people who are not afraid of fire , though perhaps they should be . 1997-04-11 Usually we talk about death as a tragedy , a mystery , a hard-to-comprehend fact of life . But in addition to all that , for all sorts of people it 's also ... a job . Stories of undertakers , homicide detectives , slaughterhouse workers , enunculators , autopsy pathologists , exterminators , and others . Does their contact with death teach them something we should learn ? 1997-04-18 Stories of when things go wrong . Really wrong . When you leave the normal realm of human error , fumble , mishap , and mistake and enter the territory of really huge breakdowns . Fiascos . Things go so awry that normal social order collapses . This week 's show is a philosophical inquiry in the nature of fiascos -- perhaps the first ever . 1997-04-25 Stories of people trying to get rich quick or otherwise make something for nothing . As everyone knows , there 's no such thing as something for nothing . You always pay a price . 1997-05-02 People whose lives are organized around one thing . 1997-05-09 Stories for the start of summer . We want summer to be this wonderful break , but so often it fails to deliver . We hear Ron Carlson 's short story about a summer job delivering tanks of oxygen to the infirm , Scott Carrier takes a river vacation , and more . 1997-05-23 Notes and stories about the Canadians among us . Are they in fact any different from red-blooded Americans ? They claim they 're not . Skeptical Americans put their position to the test . 1997-05-30 Are people having experiences on the Internet they would n't have anywhere else ? Several weeks ago , This American Life invited listeners to help answer that question . 1997-06-06 Could it be more obvious ? Stories in which someone 's dream is someone else 's nightmare . All of us get into these situations with strangers , with the people we love most , with our own parents , with our children . 1997-06-27 A show for July 4th weekend . We begin with perhaps the most moving , poetic inaugural speech in American history , and look at its legacy today . In his second inaugural address , Lincoln wondered aloud why God saw fit to send the slaughter of the Civil War to the United States . His conclusion : that slavery was a kind of original sin for the United States , for both North and South , and all Americans had to do penance for it . 1997-07-04 How many of our parents move to some place -- some dream house -- with some vision of a new life in the new place , and move the family with them , hoping it works out for the kids . Three stories on this theme . 1997-07-18 When you read other people 's mail , you ca n't help but try to fill in between the lines . You try to decipher the stories of the people who wrote the letters . We hear four stories of people who read other people 's mail , and what happens to them once they get caught up in these other lives . 1997-07-25 Stories of people trying to do exactly what the doctors say they ca n't -- or should n't . 1997-08-01 An idiosyncratic first-person travelogue about race relations and tourism from radio producer Rich Robinson and television producer Josh Seftel . Their radio story is about a trip they took to the new South Africa . Rich Robinson is black . Josh Seftel is white . The interracial pair travel through the still mostly-segregated society and have very different opinions about what they see , especially when it comes to some distant relatives of Josh 's in South Africa . 1997-08-08 The darker side of the art world : petty jealousies , competitiveness , failure . And also what 's so great about art. 1997-08-15 What happens when people with one common interest gather in monstrous , fluorescent - lit halls for the weekend ? Sometimes they drive each other crazy , sometimes they fall in love . 1997-08-30 Stories of the kindness of strangers and where it leads . Also , the unkindness of strangers and where that can lead . All of today 's stories take place in the city most people think of as the least kind city in America : New York . 1997-09-12 The mob as portrayed in movies , and as it is in real life . And its hold over us . 1997-09-19 Can the secular world and the religious world understand each other ? We ask that question while visiting Colorado Springs , Colorado , where Pastor Ted Haggard at the New Life Church has put in place a project to pray in front of the home of every person in the city , systematically , block by block and house by house . He 's also helped organize a 24-hour , 365-day-a-year `` prayer shield '' over the city ; all-night prayer vigils ; and more . 1997-09-26 How bad is bad enough to count ? To go to hell ? 1997-10-03 People stuck in the wrong decade -- or simply carrying a lot of the props from another decade . 1997-10-10 Stories of people engaged in a battle with nature -- a battle they do n't stand much chance of winning . Most of the show is Scott Carrier 's story of trying for twelve years to chase down and catch an antelope by foot . 1997-10-17 Americans who love their guns ... and the Americans who love them . 1997-10-24 Stories of people who are haunted , not by ghosts or phantoms , but by other people . 1997-10-31 Stories of outsiders who want to be insiders , and vice versa . 1997-11-14 A parable of politics and race in America . The story of Chicago 's first black mayor , Harold Washington , told two decades after his death . Washington died on November 25 , 1987 . 1997-11-21 Humans have turned chicken and turkey into what we want them to be . Which means that chickens and turkeys are a mirror of ourselves . 1997-12-05 Three stories of how to get money from strangers . In every story , the money is made by people who make the strangers feel good about themselves and about their nation . 1997-12-12 Stories from David Sedaris 's book of Christmas stories , Holidays on Ice , read onstage by David , Julia Sweeney and actor Matt Malloy . 1997-12-19", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79dbd186dbe4bd7550d0ac7f223936a", "text": "Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series . Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "128a8fb94fa5290e64b74e110f5064bb", "text": "Adolescent medicine Adolescent medicine or hebiatrics is a medical subspecialty that focuses on care of patients who are in the adolescent period of development , generally ranging from the last years of elementary school until graduation from high school ( some doctors in this subspecialty treat young adults attending college at area clinics , in the subfield of college health ) . Patients have generally entered puberty , which typically begins between the ages of 11 and 13 for boys . In developed nations , the period of adolescence is extended both by an earlier start , as onset of puberty is beginning earlier , and a later end , requiring more years of education or training before economic independence from parents . Issues with a high prevalence during adolescence are frequently addressed by providers . These include : Sexually transmitted disease ( working with specialists in pediatric endocrinology , adolescent obstetrics and gynecology , immunology infectious diseases , and urology and reproductive medicine ) Unintended pregnancy ( working with specialists in adolescent obstetrics and gynecology , especially in neonatology and maternal-fetal medicine ; many -- though not all -- are medically risky or high-risk cases or to those with psychosocial , environmental , and socioeconomic challenges ) Birth control ( there is currently a drive in the United States federal government 's health care policymaking to ensure access to any and all prescription or non-prescription contraceptive methods to adolescent minors who request them , especially if they are over a certain age ) Sexual activity ( such as masturbation , sexual intercourse and sexual abuse ) Substance abuse Menstrual disorders ( such as amenorrhea , dysmenorrhea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding ) Acne ( working with specialists in dermatology who treat adolescents ) Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa ( working with nutritionists and dieticians , and also specialists in pediatric mental health counseling , clinical psychology , and pediatric psychiatry , who work with adolescents ) Certain mental illnesses ( especially personality disorders , anxiety disorders , major depression and suicide , bipolar disorder , and certain types of schizophrenia ; in concert with mental health counselors , clinical psychologists , and pediatric psychiatrists specializing in adolescent health care ) Delayed or precocious puberty ( often working with specialists in adolescent pediatric endocrinology , urology , and andrology )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9561c3b5e88024fbac79fc5fb4d1699a", "text": "REAL Women of Canada REAL Women of Canada ( Vraies Femmes du Canada in French ) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada . The organization was founded in 1983 . REAL stands for `` Realistic , Equal , Active , for Life '' . The group believes that the nuclear family is the most important unit in Canadian society , and that the fragmentation of the Canadian family is a primary cause of social disorder . It lobbies the Government of Canada in favour of legislation to promote what it believes to be the Judeo-Christian model of family life , and to support homemaking . It is also opposed to feminism , abortion and LGBT rights ( and same-sex marriage in Canada as well ) . The group has intervened in Supreme Court of Canada cases such as R. v. Morgentaler ( 1993 ) and M. v. H. ( 1999 ) . In R. v. Sullivan ( 1991 ) it argued that a fetus is a person . Its objectives are , according to its website : To reaffirm that the family is society 's most important unit , since the nurturing of its members is best accomplished in the family setting . To promote the equality , advancement and well being of women , recognizing them as interdependent members of society , whether in the family , workplace or community . To promote , secure and defend legislation which upholds what it considers the Judeo-Christian understanding of marriage and family life . To support government and social policies that make homemaking possible for women who , out of necessity , would otherwise have to take employment outside the home . To support the right to life of all innocent individuals from conception to natural death . Part of their economic policies to help meet their objectives are increased tax relief for single-income families , families with children , and individuals with children . REAL Women is similar in political and social outlook to Phyllis Schlafly 's Eagle Forum and to Concerned Women for America in the United States . The organization has also heavily criticized individuals who have spoken out against Uganda 's criminalization of homosexual relations . On August 7 , 2013 , the group issued a statement criticizing Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird for speaking out on LGBT human rights issues in both Uganda and Russia as part of Canada 's foreign policy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a87fed4855f6cb5857d48711d149c84", "text": "Survive AIDS Survive AIDS is the group formerly known as ACT UP/Golden Gate . In 1990 , the ACT UP chapter in San Francisco split into two chapters , the San Francisco chapter and the Golden Gate chapter . The catalyst for this was over decision-making processes , although it also involved many larger issues . According to ACT UP/Golden Gate , `` ACT UP Golden Gate concentrated on issues involving treatment and treatment access while ACT UP San Francisco focused on broader social issues involving public policy and politics . Over the next several years the two ACT UP chapters worked separately and together on local and national AIDS issues . '' But in 1994 , the two organizations stopped working together , and they grew further apart . The AIDS Survival project writes , `` By the late '90s , ACT UP San Francisco developed a very different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment and began to align itself with groups that believe HIV does not cause AIDS and that it is the use of anti-HIV medications which make people get sick and die . ACT UP San Francisco members are now called ` AIDS dissidents ' because of views like these : antiretroviral drugs are harmful ; safer sex is unnecessary ; animal testing of medical therapies is unethical ; HIV is not the cause of AIDS . '' In 2000 , ACT UP/Golden Gate changed its name to Survive AIDS , to disavow any connection with ACT UP San Francisco . In their March 21 , 2000 statement , they wrote : `` Over time ACT UP San Francisco became controlled by individuals who had a different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment . This in itself was not a problem . The problem was that any one who disagreed with them on this one issue was shouted down , intimidated and driven out of the group . Long term members , seeing the original ACT UP mission and philosophy destroyed , were forced out of the group in disgust . The statement read , in part , `` This new ACT UP San Francisco chapter harassed and stalked members of the AIDS community who disagreed with them about AIDS treatment strategy , first locally , then at national AIDS events . As time went on their tactics became more violent , culminating in physical assaults , which runs counter to the ACT UP philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf4c21f2574bac40110da37034fa8cc", "text": "The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3224c4b78139d356b39a7ff6f7e357b7", "text": "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew , later called simply Rehab with Dr. Drew , is a reality television show that aired on the cable network VH1 in which many of the episodes chronicle a group of well-known people as they are treated for alcohol and drug addiction by Dr. Drew Pinsky and his staff at the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena , California . The first five seasons of the series , on which Pinsky also serves as executive producer , cast celebrities struggling with addiction , with the first season premiering on January 10 , 2008 , and the fifth airing in 2011 . The sixth season , which filmed in early 2012 , featured non-celebrities as treatment subjects , and the series name shortened to Rehab with Dr. Drew . Season 6 premiered on September 16 , 2012 . In May 2013 , Pinsky announced that season six was the final season , explaining that he was tired of the criticism leveled at him after celebrities he treated had relapsed into addiction and died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68e2de0f9f58ca4ab8a3fc97a166c7b1", "text": "List of 1998 This American Life episodes In 1998 , there were 31 new This American Life episodes . Numbers lie . Numbers cover over complicated feelings and ambiguous situations . In this week 's show , stories of people trying to use numbers to describe things that should not be quantified . 1998-01-02 Stories about people who are destined to fight : brothers and sisters . 1998-01-09 Stories of who we are on the phone , of things we learn on the phone , and of things that happen on the phone that do n't happen anywhere else . 1998-01-16 Stories of people trying to escape the box of their own lives , and create new lives . 1998-01-30 Stories about those moments when someone tries to tell you a little bit more about themselves than you 'd really rather know . 1998-02-07 Stories about couples that all take place decades after that moment their eyes first meet . 1998-02-14 What happens during a `` how-to , '' and what our how-to 's say about us . Most how-to 's promise that you 'll not only learn skills , you 'll be transformed . 1998-02-27 How should we react to people who are in non-monogamous relationships ? What should we think of these struggles with monogamy ? 1998-03-07 People who left their private lives and were seized by some huge historical moment . 1998-03-13 An assault on the idea of wackiness . And then , an appreciation of wackiness , and an analysis of wackiness in American culture . Thirteen ways to describe wackiness . 1998-03-20 Stories about what it means to be a person who throws the first punch ... and how hard it is to give up . 1998-03-27 Variations on what it means to be a girl and what it means to be a woman . 1998-04-10 For the 100th episode of This American Life , a radio show about the pleasures of radio . About what makes radio so great ... and what makes it so terrible . 1998-04-24 During this hour , a special edition of our show : stories about Niagara Falls , half of them from documentary producer Alix Spiegel , who went to the Falls and interviewed people living there ; and half from playwright David Kodeski , who grew up in the town of Niagara Falls . 1998-05-01 With all the American movies and songs and books about the joy of the open road , it 's hard for an American to take just a normal road trip without huge expectations . 1998-05-15 An NPR reporter leaves her three-year-old son and heads to Omaha -- for cancer treatment -- a last chance to save her life . After years of covering stories about medicine , Rebecca Perl enters the hospital as a patient . She moves from the world of healthy people into the world of sick ones . What she sees and what she learns . 1998-05-29 What 's frustrating about music lessons , what 's miraculous about them , and what they actually teach us . This show was recorded in front of a live audience at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco , with help from KQED-FM , during the '98 Public Radio Conference in San Francisco . 1998-06-05 Two stories of people who try to cross the color line -- and why it 's still so hard . We hear the story of a failed interracial marriage and the story of a teenager from a poor inner city neighborhood ( Cedric Jennings , pictured ) who ends up at an Ivy League University -- and how he barely survives there . 1998-06-12 For this Father 's Day , stories in which fathers and their kids sit down and try to have an honest moment together . And stories about fathers who are n't close with their kids . 1998-06-19 For the July 4th holiday weekend , writer Sarah Vowell and her twin sister re-trace the `` Trail of Tears '' -- the route their Cherokee ancestors took when expelled from their own land by President Andrew Jackson . 1998-07-03 Two stories of children lying to themselves and others . A woman who 'd been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis talks about the lies she told herself as a child . And Dan Gediman tells the story of how he was cast in the public TV show Zoom , which aired from 1972 to 1979 , at the age of ten . Then he was cut from the cast before the show ever went on the air . So for years , he lied about it . He let friends believe he was on Zoom . 1998-08-07 Stories of summer camp . People who love camp say that non-camp people simply do n't understand what 's so amazing about camp . In this program , we attempt to bridge the gap of misunderstanding between camp people and non-camp people . 1998-08-28 Five ways of mapping the world . One story about people who make maps the traditional way -- by drawing things we can see . And other stories about people who map the world using smell , sound , touch , and taste . The world redrawn by the five senses . 1998-09-04 Two brothers set out with a friend to cross America on horseback . They take a tape recorder with them to make a kind of audio journal of their trip . What they find , who they meet , and what they learn in this experiment in 19th-century travel . Plus other stories . 1998-09-11 Germs , and how they make us leave the world of rational thinking . 1998-10-02 What happens when you suddenly strike it rich . And the power money has over our lives , for good and bad . 1998-10-16 Stories of people 's last words before death . Their one last shot at figuring things out , summing things up . One last moment of asserting the fact of our existence , at the moment of our annihilation . 1998-10-23 Stories of the first day on the job , the first day in a relationship , the first day in school . On the first day , any first day , we 're expected to live by the rules and customs of the culture we 're entering , but we do n't know those rules and customs just yet . 1998-11-13 For Thanksgiving , the time of year when poultry consumption is highest , it 's our annual program about turkeys , chickens , and fowl of all types . 1998-11-27 The family table is stage on which many family dramas are played out . We hear three stories ... of three families ... at three meals . 1998-12-11 Stories about seeing and being seen . Taped before a live audience in Town Hall in New York City in December 1998 , this was a co-production with WNYC New York , featuring live music by the pop band They Might Be Giants and the This American Life Orchestra . 1998-12-18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b1e6306b5a4554bc1dd3df2d5a54270", "text": "Journalism ethics and standards Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by journalists . Historically and currently , this subset of media ethics is widely known to journalists as their professional `` code of ethics '' or the `` canons of journalism '' . The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements drafted by both professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations . While various existing codes have some differences , most share common elements including the principles of -- truthfulness , accuracy , objectivity , impartiality , fairness and public accountability -- as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy information and its subsequent dissemination to the public . Like many broader ethical systems , journalism ethics include the principle of `` limitation of harm . '' This often involves the withholding of certain details from reports such as the names of minor children , crime victims ' names or information not materially related to particular news reports release of which might , for example , harm someone 's reputation . Some journalistic codes of ethics , notably the European ones , also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race , religion , sexual orientation , and physical or mental disabilities . The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved in 1993 Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism which recommends journalists to respect the presumption of innocence , in particular in cases that are still sub judice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" } ]
fever
b9f17404f38d4d17405743464ae3724a
Frank Sinatra was a singer and was successful.
[ { "docid": "f3522271c4170c2adfd043c2a91ff902", "text": "Frank Sinatra Francis Albert Sinatra ( -LSB- sᵻˈnɑːtrə -RSB- -LSB- siˈnaːtra -RSB- ; December 12 , 1915 -- May 14 , 1998 ) was an American singer , actor , and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century . He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 150 million records worldwide . Born in Hoboken , New Jersey , to Italian immigrants , Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey . Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 , becoming the idol of the `` bobby soxers '' . He released his debut album , The Voice of Frank Sinatra , in 1946 . Sinatra 's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s , and he turned to Las Vegas , where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack . His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity , with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor . Sinatra released several critically lauded albums , including In the Wee Small Hours ( 1955 ) , Songs for Swingin ' Lovers ! ( 1956 ) , Come Fly with Me ( 1958 ) , Only the Lonely ( 1958 ) and Nice 'n' Easy ( 1960 ) . Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own record label , Reprise Records , and released a string of successful albums . In 1965 , he recorded the retrospective September of My Years , starred in the Emmy-winning television special Frank Sinatra : A Man and His Music , and released the tracks `` Strangers in the Night '' and `` My Way '' . After releasing Sinatra at the Sands , recorded at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Vegas with frequent collaborator Count Basie in early 1966 , the following year he recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Tom Jobim , the album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim . It was followed by 1968 's collaboration with Duke Ellington . Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971 , but came out of retirement two years later and recorded several albums and resumed performing at Caesars Palace , and reached success in 1980 with `` New York , New York '' . Using his Las Vegas shows as a home base , he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998 . Sinatra forged a highly successful career as a film actor . After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity , he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm ( 1955 ) , and received critical acclaim for his performance in The Manchurian Candidate ( 1962 ) . He appeared in various musicals such as On the Town ( 1949 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , High Society ( 1956 ) , and Pal Joey ( 1957 ) , winning another Golden Globe for the latter . Toward the end of his career , he became associated with playing detectives , including the title character in Tony Rome ( 1967 ) . Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971 . On television , The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950 , and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s . Sinatra was also heavily involved with politics from the mid-1940s , and actively campaigned for presidents such as Harry S. Truman , John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan , though before Kennedy 's death Sinatra 's alleged Mafia connections led to his being snubbed . While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music , he had an impressive understanding of it , and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music . A perfectionist , renowned for his dress sense and performing presence , he always insisted on recording live with his band . His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname `` Ol' Blue Eyes '' . Sinatra led a colorful personal life , and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women , such as with his second wife Ava Gardner . He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976 . Sinatra had several violent confrontations , usually with journalists he felt had crossed him , or work bosses with whom he had disagreements . He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983 , was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985 , and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997 . Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Trustees Award , Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . After his death , American music critic Robert Christgau called him `` the greatest singer of the 20th century '' , and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9c50fd24bab962aec3be30f3766cc701", "text": "Together Again Tour The Diamond Jubilee World is the concert tour by American recording artist , Frank Sinatra , with Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr. . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a5588326909f1c9ea728dd789a84aa", "text": "But Beautiful (song) `` But Beautiful '' is a popular song with music written by Jimmy Van Heusen , the lyrics by Johnny Burke . The song was published in 1947 . One of five songs written by Burke and Van Heusen featured in the Paramount Pictures movie Road to Rio ( 1947 ) , it was introduced by Bing Crosby and is also associated with his leading lady Dorothy Lamour . The song was a hit in 1948 for Frank Sinatra ( reaching the No. 14 spot ) , Bing Crosby ( # 20 ) , Margaret Whiting ( # 21 ) and Art Lund ( # 25 ) . The original key is G major and has the form A-B1-A-B2 . Chick Corea recorded a piano solo version of it in the original key of G major , but it has been recorded in many different keys , including F major ( later Sinatra ) , C major ( Bill Evans and Stan Getz ) , D major ( Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga ) , Billie Holiday ( B-flat major ) and Nat King Cole ( E major ) . It is usually performed as a ballad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b08324d335a23baf8c70d8a75300d19", "text": "Higher and Higher (film) Higher and Higher is a 1944 musical film starring Michèle Morgan , Jack Haley , and Frank Sinatra ( in his film debut ) , loosely based on a 1940 Broadway musical written by Gladys Hurlbut and Joshua Logan . The film version , written by Jay Dratler and Ralph Spence with additional dialogue by William Bowers and Howard Harris , diverges significantly from its source . The film has songs by Jimmy McHugh ( music ) and Harold Adamson ( lyrics ) , as well as one song by Rodgers and Hart , `` Disgustingly Rich , '' that remains from the stage production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6fc0dc80538dc25283f1209dece12a", "text": "Frank Sinatra with the Red Norvo Quintet: Live in Australia, 1959 With the Red Norvo Quintet : Live in Australia , 1959 is a live album by American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in 1959 but released in 1997 . These tapes were recorded during two stops on Sinatra 's brief Australian tour of 1959 , during which he was backed by the quintet of jazz vibraphonist Red Norvo . It is considered one of the wildest performances he has ever recorded , as he exhibits great freedom in his lyric choice , often switching and twisting entire phrases . For example , just as Sinatra begins `` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' , a woman in the audience screams . He responds between lyrics with `` Get your hand off that broad ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eae987197f93a1c4d64d7272e577bf21", "text": "I'm a Fool to Want You `` I 'm a Fool to Want You '' is a 1951 song composed by Frank Sinatra , Jack Wolf , and Joel Herron . Frank Sinatra released the song as a Columbia Records single . The ballad is considered a pop and jazz standard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1084bf87b089e5e02dc31d1608a286fe", "text": "The Dean Martin TV Show __ NOTOC __ The Dean Martin TV Show is a 1966 studio album by Dean Martin accompanied by the Les Brown orchestra , with arrangements by Ernie Freeman . This was the last of five albums Martin released in 1966 , it was named to capitalise on the immense success of his television show , The Dean Martin Show . The Dean Martin TV Show peaked at 34 on the Billboard 200 , and was still on the charts in Spring 1967 . The album is not a soundtrack of The Dean Martin Show . Eschewing his recent country pop style , The Dean Martin TV Show was a collection of traditional pop music standards , Martin 's first such album in this vein since 1964 's Dream with Dean . The release of The Dean Martin TV Show and The Dean Martin Christmas Album in late 1966 was accompanied by what Billboard magazine described as a `` merchandising avalanche '' by Reprise Records and their parent company Warner Music . Billboard described Martin as running the `` hottest streak of his career , '' and said that Reprise planned to sell $ 4 million of his records over the Christmas sales period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be374afacc64d7043c959bd9f26b3be2", "text": "Sinatra Saga, Vol. 2 Sinatra Saga , Vol . 2 is a 1994 live album by American singer Frank Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba62029df6761b99d7805ebafb6cedf8", "text": "Cycles (Frank Sinatra album) Cycles is a studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra , released in 1968 . Released just before Christmas in 1968 , there was a ten-month gap between this album and the release of Francis A. & Edward K. , which was the longest period in Sinatra 's Reprise years in which he did not commercially record music ( barring his contributions to The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas ) . Sinatra sang a variety of folk-rock oriented songs , including Judy Collins ' `` Both Sides Now '' ( written by Joni Mitchell ) and the Glen Campbell hits `` Gentle on My Mind '' ( written by John Hartford ) and `` By the Time I Get to Phoenix '' ( written by Jimmy Webb ) . The title song was released as a single , reaching # 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 2 on the Easy Listening chart , while the album peaked at # 18 on the Billboard 200 chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2", "text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ab1a83ce95334afe891618c146f13f4", "text": "Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection The Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection is a 2004 Christmas album from Frank Sinatra . The selection of tracks on the album spans Sinatra 's career from 1957 to 1991 and includes four previously unavailable tracks -- two previously unreleased on CD and two previously unreleased in any format -- the latter the last Christmas carol Sinatra recorded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac251df10927ba3566175190ca113b2e", "text": "The Capitol Years (1990 Frank Sinatra album) The Capitol Years is a 1990 compilation album of the U.S. singer Frank Sinatra . Released to coincide with Sinatra 's 75th birthday , this three-disc set has an abundance of classic Sinatra performances from his career with Capitol Records , which spanned the years 1953 to 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f1c6a09be447d549ff88abe4573d428", "text": "Anthony Martin Sinatra Anthony Martin Sinatra ( born Saverio Antonino Martino Sinatra , ; May 4 , 1892 -- January 24 , 1969 ) was an Italian-American Hoboken city fireman , professional boxer , bar owner , and father of singer and actor Frank Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b35d4441e9c34bb54a786852e1102343", "text": "Frank Luther Frank Luther ( August 4 , 1899 - November 16 , 1980 ) was an American country music singer , dance band vocalist , playwright , songwriter and pianist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1270962b56c7ab7ebf1d72cdaa66c55", "text": "Nancy (with the Laughing Face) `` Nancy ( with the Laughing Face ) '' is a song composed in 1942 by Jimmy Van Heusen , with lyrics by Phil Silvers . It is commonly believed that the song was written for the birthday of Nancy Sinatra . This was a misunderstanding that eventually led to the song being recorded by Frank Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c8218ed585b459a5d0d5b27c5d5189f", "text": "The Frank Sinatra Show (1957 TV series) The Frank Sinatra Show is an ABC variety and drama series , starring Frank Sinatra , premiering on October 18 , 1957 , and last airing on June 27 , 1958 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" } ]
fever
395536252a03f6046a0057dde643f747
Newspapers include information.
[ { "docid": "f323423288b778a7670766c7b2edd2e1", "text": "Newspaper A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events , other informative articles about politics , sports , arts , and so on , and advertising . A newspaper is usually , but not exclusively , printed on relatively inexpensive , low-grade paper such as newsprint . The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers . As of 2017 , most newspapers are now published online as well as in print . The online versions are called online newspapers or news websites . Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly . News magazines are also weekly , but they have a magazine format . General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news . The news includes political events and personalities , business and finance , crime , weather , and natural disasters ; health and medicine , science , and computers and technology ; sports ; and entertainment , society , food and cooking , clothing and home fashion , and the arts . Usually the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings ( labeled A , B , C , and so on , with pagination prefixes yielding page numbers A1-A20 , B1-B20 , C1-C20 , and so on ) . Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor ( or by the paper 's editorial board ) and expressing an opinion on a public issue , opinion articles called `` op-eds '' written by guest writers ( which are typically in the same section as the editorial ) , and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists , usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the raw data of the news into information telling the reader `` what it all means '' and persuading them to concur . Papers also include articles which have no byline ; these articles are written by staff writers . A wide variety of material has been published in newspapers . Besides the aforementioned news , information and opinions , they include weather forecasts ; criticism and reviews of the arts ( including literature , film , television , theater , fine arts , and architecture ) and of local services such as restaurants ; obituaries , birth notices and graduation announcements ; entertainment features such as crosswords , horoscopes , editorial cartoons , gag cartoons , and comic strips ; advice columns , food , and other columns ; and radio and television listings ( program schedules ) . As of 2017 , newspapers may also provide information about new movies and TV shows available on streaming video services like Netflix . Newspapers have classified ad sections where people and businesses can buy small advertisements to sell goods or services ; as of 2013 , the huge increase in Internet websites for selling goods , such as Craigslist and eBay has led to significantly less classified ad sales for newspapers . Most newspapers are businesses , and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue , newsstand sales , and advertising revenue ( other businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages , including display ads , classified ads , and their online equivalents ) . Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded ; their reliance on advertising revenue and on profitability is less critical to their survival . The editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interest of someone , whether owners , advertisers , or a government . Some newspapers with high editorial independence , high journalism quality , and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record . Many newspapers , besides employing journalists on their own payrolls , also subscribe to news agencies ( wire services ) ( such as the Associated Press , Reuters , or Agence France-Presse ) , which employ journalists to find , assemble , and report the news , then sell the content to the various newspapers . This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world . Circa 2005 , there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day ( in the U.S. , 1,450 titles selling 55 million copies ) . The late 2000s -- early 2010s global recession , combined with the rapid growth of free web-based alternatives , has helped cause a decline in advertising and circulation , as many papers had to retrench operations to stanch the losses . Worldwide annual revenue approached $ 100 billion in 2005-7 , then plunged during the worldwide financial crisis of 2008-9 . Revenue in 2016 fell to only $ 53 billion , hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal . The decline in advertising revenues affected both the print and online media as well as all other mediums ; print advertising was once lucrative but has greatly declined , and the prices of online advertising are often lower than those of their print precursors . Besides remodeling advertising , the internet ( especially the web ) has also challenged the business models of the print-only era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general ( sharing information with others ) and , more specifically , journalism ( the work of finding , assembling , and reporting the news ) . In addition , the rise of news aggregators , which bundle linked articles from many online newspapers and other sources , influences the flow of web traffic . Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects . The oldest newspaper still published is the Ordinari Post Tijdender , which was established in Stockholm in 1645 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "387e5713a3783820f8da25ed2711a5c9", "text": "The Forecaster The Forecaster is a regional newspaper in southern Maine . It is published weekly and distributed for free . It publishes several different versions , including `` The Forecaster '' covering the city of Portland ; `` Northern Forecaster '' , which covers the towns north of Portland ( Falmouth , Cumberland , Yarmouth , North Yarmouth , and Freeport ; the `` Southern Forecaster '' , which covers the towns south of Portland ( South Portland , Cape Elizabeth , and Scarborough ) ; and a `` Mid-Coast '' edition which covers towns farther east along the coast , including Brunswick , Topsham , Harpswell and Bath . It is owned by the Sun Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6afcb9a25ab9ad280ecbeffad7e11305", "text": "Digital Collections Selection Criteria Digital Collections Selection Criteria are applied by organisations ( typically libraries ) creating a digital library which of their existing holdings and forthcoming acquisitions to digitize for inclusion . A strategy with defined selection priorities for digitization is critical , and should consider both preservation and access . factors to consider are : the value of materials ; the condition of materials ; use of materials ; and material characteristics ensuring a high level of success . For the Library of Congress , items of national interest were prime candidates both to improve access and reduce wear and tear on the physical copies . In the early discussions about digitization of library materials the selection decisions were often proposed based on a desire for better access to that item 's content , and not on the condition or value of the original item . In 2001 , Paula De Stefano wrote that a use-based group of criteria was promising , as it is `` fundamental to collection development and is the common thread in all selection decisions '' . In practice , however , her study showed that most digital projects focused on special collections , which are generally not the most popular items in the overall collection . The persistent risk of disappearing `` last copies '' . and the declines seen in the condition of national treasures , as exemplified by the 2005 Heritage Health Index Report on the State of America 's Collections provide the rationale for establishing priorities and balancing access with preservation needs . The transient nature of electronic information can contribute to a phenomenon called `` memory loss . '' This is a result of data extinctions as technologies become obsolete . There is also a drift away from original bibliographic contexts as time passes . A 1998 Council on Library and Information Sources white paper identified the following comprehensive considerations for selection : assessment of the intellectual and physical nature of the source materials ; the number and location of current and potential users ; the current and potential nature of use ; the format and nature of the proposed digital product and how it will be described , delivered , and archived ; how the proposed product relates to other digitization efforts ; and projections of costs in relation to benefits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7a78addba1a28702ca568d811b4d1d", "text": "Surveillance Surveillance ( -LSB- sərˈveɪ.əns -RSB- or -LSB- sərˈveɪləns -RSB- ) is the monitoring of behavior , activities , or other changing information for the purpose of influencing , managing , directing , or protecting people . This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment ( such as closed-circuit television ( CCTV ) cameras ) or interception of electronically transmitted information ( such as Internet traffic or phone calls ) . It can also include simple no - or relatively low-technology methods such as human intelligence agents and postal interception . The word surveillance comes from a French phrase for `` watching over '' ( sur means `` from above '' and veiller means `` to watch '' ) and is in contrast to more recent developments such as sousveillance . Surveillance is used by governments for intelligence gathering , prevention of crime , the protection of a process , person , group or object , or the investigation of crime . It is also used by criminal organizations to plan and commit crimes , such as robbery and kidnapping , by businesses to gather intelligence , and by private investigators . Surveillance is often a violation of privacy , and it is often opposed by various civil liberties groups and activists . Liberal democracies have laws which restrict domestic government and private use of surveillance , usually limiting it to circumstances where public safety is at risk . Authoritarian government seldom have any domestic restrictions , and international espionage is common among all types of countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "769f2ed88dd0c270a169a6e996e622cb", "text": "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review , also known as `` the Trib , '' was the second largest daily printed newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , in the United States until it transitioned to an all digital format on December 1 , 2016 . Founded on August 22 , 1811 as the Greensburg Gazette and in 1889 consolidated with several papers into the Greensburg Tribune-Review , the paper circulated only in the eastern suburban counties of Westmoreland and parts of Indiana and Fayette until May 1992 , when it began serving all of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area after a strike at the two Pittsburgh dailies , the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Pittsburgh Press , deprived the city of a newspaper for several months . The Tribune-Review Publishing Company was owned by Richard Mellon Scaife , an heir to the Mellon banking , oil , and aluminum fortune , until his death in July 2014 . Scaife was a major funder of conservative organizations , including the Arkansas Project . Accordingly , the Tribune-Review has maintained a conservative editorial stance , contrasting with the more liberal Post-Gazette . In addition to its flagship paper , the company publishes 17 weekly community newspapers , the Pittsburgh Pennysaver , as well as TribLive.com and TribTotalMedia.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34e39d380ac8ea31ea73880308defa2d", "text": "Retention period The retention period of information is an aspect of records and information management ( RIM ) and the records life cycle . It identifies the duration of time for which the information should be maintained or `` retained '' , irrespective of format ( paper , electronic , or other ) . Retention periods vary on different types of information , based on content and a variety of other factors including : internal organizational need , regulatory requirements for inspection or audit , legal statutes of limitation , involvement in litigation , taxation and financial reporting needs , as well as other factors as defined by local , regional , state , national and/or international governing entities . Once an applicable retention period has elapsed for a given type or series of information , and all holds/moratoriums have been released , the information is typically destroyed using an approved and effective destruction method , which renders the information completely and irreversibly unusable via any means . Information with historical value beyond its `` usable value '' may be accessioned to the custody of an archive organization for permanent or extended long-term preservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee227ff2f84c123d39bb2906b8516473", "text": "Information–action ratio The information -- action ratio was a concept coined by cultural critic Neil Postman ( 1931 -- 2003 ) in his work Amusing Ourselves to Death . In short , Postman meant to indicate the relationship between a piece of information and what action , if any , a consumer of that information might reasonably be expected to take once learning it . In a speech to the German Informatics Society ( Gesellschaft für Informatik ) on October 11 , 1990 in Stuttgart , sponsored by IBM-Germany , Postman said the following : `` The tie between information and action has been severed . Information is now a commodity that can be bought and sold , or used as a form of entertainment , or worn like a garment to enhance one 's status . It comes indiscriminately , directed at no one in particular , disconnected from usefulness ; we are glutted with information , drowning in information , have no control over it , do n't know what to do with it . '' In Amusing Ourselves to Death Postman frames the information-action ratio in the context of the telegraph 's invention . Prior to the telegraph , Postman says people received information relevant to their lives , creating a high correlation between information and action : `` The information-action ratio was sufficiently close so that most people had a sense of being able to control some of the contingencies in their lives '' ( p. 69 ) . The telegraph allowed bits of information to travel long distances , and so Postman claims `` the local and the timeless ... lost their central position in newspapers , eclipsed by the dazzle of distance and speed ... Wars , crimes , crashes , fires , floods -- much of it the social and political equivalent of Adelaide 's whooping coughs -- became the content of what people called ` the news of the day ' '' ( pp. 66 -- 67 ) . A low information-action ratio , therefore , refers to the helplessness people confront when faced with decontextualized information . Someone may know Adelaide has the whooping cough , but what could anyone do about it ? Postman said that this kind of access to decontextualized information `` made the relationship between information and action both abstract and remote . '' Information consumers were `` faced with the problem of a diminished social and political potency . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e78adaeae6a6e7af82a23c0c4ac643e9", "text": "Preventive journalism Preventive journalism is a journalistic discipline that reports on urgent social problems at an early stage and on solutions proposed for these problems . It complements traditional investigative journalism and recognizes that journalism can alert government and society to problems before they become crises . Michael O'Neill , editor of the New York Daily News from 1975 to 1982 and former president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors , wrote in 1985 that preventive journalism should `` search in advance for the hidden forces of change -LSB- and -RSB- try to identify the underlying causes of crises before , rather than after , they explode so that an alerted society might have time to protect itself from the ambushes of history . '' The concept was also used in a 1996 Kofi Annan speech 1 where he stressed the need for such a kind of journalism without further detailing its characteristics . Peace Journalism follows similar tenets as preventive journalism , though preventive journalism extends its action range to social , economic , institutional , human rights , and environmental concerns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643a31edb4d22d25a6f5eecb5c0179", "text": "Cornell Paper A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1 , 1965 , Coup in Indonesia , more commonly known as the `` Cornell Paper '' , is an academic publication detailing the events of an abortive coup d'état attempt by the self-proclaimed September 30 Movement , produced on January 10 , 1966 . The study was written by Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey , with the help of Frederick Bunnell , using information from various Indonesian news sources . At the time of writing , the three were members of Cornell University 's network of graduate students and scholars on Southeast Asia . In their work , Anderson and McVey theorized that neither the Communist Party of Indonesia ( PKI ) nor President Sukarno took part in organizing the operation ; instead , they became the victims . On the basis of the material available , they proposed that the coup was indeed an `` internal Army affair '' as was claimed by the September 30 Movement to remove members of the Indonesian Army General Staff who allegedly worked with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency . By the end of the following week , the movement had been crushed by forces of Major General Suharto , who was charged with the sole responsibility of restoring order . Several alternatives to their theory were also presented and disputed , including the official government account that the PKI had masterminded the coup attempt . Although the paper was intended to be kept confidential , information on its existence was eventually leaked in a March 5 , 1966 , article by The Washington Post journalist Joseph Kraft . Cornell turned down requests to access the paper , and its contents became subject to misinterpretation and forgery . Requests made to the Indonesian government to supplement the study with additional documents pertaining to the incident were not fulfilled , and the paper was finally published in 1971 without any additional material . Since its publication , the `` Cornell Paper '' has been subject to further analysis and revision .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20cdc63b4c671451044cd22dfbf1c31c", "text": "Newspapers in the United States Newspapers in the United States have been published since the 18th century and are an integral part of the culture of the United States . Although a few newspapers including the New York Times , USA Today , and the Wall Street Journal are sold throughout the United States , most U.S. newspapers are published for city or regional markets . The New York Times is often referred to as the United States ' `` newspaper of record '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bbc27ac616a6a5c872488cc6580a0cd", "text": "Metropolis Daily Metropolis Daily is the Hong Kong edition of Metro ( Metro International ) , which publishes free newspapers around the world with 25 editions in 16 countries in 14 languages . It is the first free newspaper in Hong Kong . The Hong Kong version was first launched on April 15 , 2002 ; it is distributed for free in the racks located in 49 Mass Transit Railway ( MTR ) stations except the Airport Station . According to the Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations in September 2002 , the daily circulation of the newspaper was 302,197 copies , making it the third largest daily newspaper in Hong Kong . The paper is distributed from Monday to Friday ( except for public holidays ) , by hand or from the newspaper stands in 49 MTR stations and 11 other key central locations , such as big shopping malls owned by MTR Corporation Limited like Paradise Mall , Telford Plaza , and Luk Yeung Galleria ( 綠楊坊 Pinyin : lǜ yáng fāng ) . Since it is free of charge and easily accessible , many people like to get one on their way to school or work . The paper attracts a younger generation of readers with a great purchasing power likewise , therefore many advertisers are interested in promoting their products on Metropolis Daily . The operating costs of the paper are mainly covered by the classified advertisements in the newspaper . However , the influence of the paper is not yet significant . Though around one tenth size of other newspapers printing local first-hand news reported by fresh journalists , its main news sources are actually the television , radio news , press releases and wired news . As one Metropolis '' ' reporter said , `` Nobody seems to know that we made an exclusive story . '' The paper is in Chinese in most parts , together with an English international section . According to Metropolis , the paper can be read in a `` 19-minute commute '' as the articles inside are usually short and laconic ; readers can scan through the paper so quickly that they can grab a brief understanding of the news within minutes . Although the paper is a tabloid , i.e. a minute-sized newspaper giving the stories in a condensed form , it includes many sections , which make the paper very rich in contents . These sections include : local news ( including one page written in Simplified Chinese ) ; Chinese news ; international news ; finance ; sports ; entertainment ; side stories ; English news digest ; editorial column ; television program schedule ; and film section . Readers can read the on-line edition of Metropolis all over the world by simply registering as users at its official site , and it is totally free . Besides , there is also a club called `` Club Metro '' '' offering discounts in films , sports and travel to its members . Readers can enjoy these benefits once they have joined the club . There are 700,000 worldwide members in this club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e6be93d9f70eb1d2464a088ca367be4", "text": "Southern California InFocus Southern California InFocus is a free monthly tabloid-format newspaper serving the Muslim community in Southern California . Its offices are in Anaheim . InFocus was started in Anaheim , California on February 4 , 2005 . It is the largest Muslim newspaper in Southern California . Asma Ahmad , a Pakistani Canadian citizen who grew up in Saudi Arabia attending American-run schools and formerly edited the national newsletter of the Muslim Students Association , is the paper 's managing editor and only full-timer staffer . Its deputy editor is Muneer Adhami . The Council on American Islamic Relations financially subsidizes and provides office space for the newspaper , but the managing editor states that the paper is `` editorially independent from CAIR '' . 20,000 copies of the paper are printed monthly ; 500 copies are mailed to paid subscribers and the remainder are distributed free through Muslim-owned businesses and mosques in Southern California . The paper `` covers a large variety of local , national , and international events , features , profiles , and has the following sections : arts , book review , restaurant review , Islam , money , legal , kids , travel , interfaith , commentary , and opinion . '' The paper describes its mission as : '' ... serving to document the rich history of Muslims in the Southland -- past and present . Through feature stories , mosque profiles , interviews of individuals who have made a difference , and in-depth coverage of news stories affecting Muslims , InFocus is the first localized effort in Southern California to record the American Muslim experience . For American Muslims , it is a platform which brings forth issues of their concern . For the larger community , it is a window into the Muslim world right here in California '' . Managing editor Ahmad describes the paper as , `` an Islamic newspaper but not a publication about Islam , '' and says she wants , `` In Focus to concentrate on issues important to Muslims , such as civil rights and discrimination , which she says are largely ignored by the mainstream media in the post-Sept . 11 world . '' Ahmad said the community is committed to democracy . An editorial in the March issue offered qualified support for President Bush 's Middle East policy and called for the democratization of Arab countries , urging Muslims to turn the `` breeze of democracy into an unstoppable wind . '' More than anything , Ahmad said , she wants the newspaper to pull American Muslims into the mainstream . `` We can keep our religion and not have an isolationist approach . We can do this in America , '' she said .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6139895c797a2cd9e3ce912746cd210c", "text": "Portland Observer (Oregon) The Portland Observer is one of the oldest African-American newspapers in the U.S. state of Oregon . Established in 1970 , it is published weekly ( on Wednesdays ) , in Portland , Oregon . Rev. Alfred L. Henderson founded the paper in the 1970s , in the tradition of the People 's Observer , a 1940s publication that had ceased publication in 1950 . ( That paper also originally went by the name of `` Portland Observer . '' ) Joyce Washington was the publisher from the mid-1980s until her death in 1996 . Her son Charles Washington , a Portland native and a graduate of Jefferson High School , then took over as publisher , and he died in December 2012 . Portland politician , radio host , restauranteur , and veteran Bruce Broussard has held a leadership position at the paper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6425e2f206e507ab5ded776d491b25d9", "text": "Mass communication Mass communication is the study of how people exchange information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time . In other words , mass communication refers to the imparting and exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people . It is usually understood to relate newspaper , magazine , and book publishing , as well as radio , television and film , even via internet as these mediums are used for disseminating information , news and advertising . Mass communication differs from the studies of other forms of communication , such as interpersonal communication or organizational communication , in that it focuses on a single source transmitting information to a large number of receivers . The study of mass communication is chiefly concerned with how the content of mass communication persuades or otherwise affects the behavior , attitude , opinion , or emotion of the person or people receiving the information .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b11e9cf656b950041e863bbbe09f734b", "text": "Business reporting Business reporting or enterprise reporting is `` the public reporting of operating and financial data by a business enterprise , '' or `` the regular provision of information to decision-makers within an organisation to support them in their work . '' Reporting is a fundamental part of the larger movement towards improved business intelligence and knowledge management . Often implementation involves extract , transform , and load ( ETL ) procedures in coordination with a data warehouse and then using one or more reporting tools . While reports can be distributed in print form or via email , they are typically accessed via a corporate intranet . With the dramatic expansion of information technology , and the desire for increased competitiveness in corporations , there has been an increase in the use of computing power to produce unified reports which join different views of the enterprise in one place . This reporting process involves querying data sources with different logical models to produce a human readable report -- for example , a computer user has to query the Human Resources databases and the Capital Improvements databases to show how efficiently space is being used across an entire corporation . Reporting can be used in another mean for verification and cross-checks . Audit teams like FINRA and SEC adhere to reports for all business firms . Standard Business Reporting is is a group of international programs instigated by a number of governments with the end of make business the centre when it comes to managing business-to-government reporting obligations . *", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e894449346d3fbd64cc50fb38064c964", "text": "Compact (newspaper) A compact newspaper is a broadsheet-quality newspaper printed in a tabloid format ( slightly taller ) , especially one in the United Kingdom . The term as used for this size ( not to be confused with 108 × 171 mm or 4.25 × 6.75 inches paper sizes ) came into its current use when The Independent began producing a smaller format edition for London 's commuters , designed to be easier to read when using mass transit . Readers from other parts of the country liked the new format , with the result that The Independent introduced it nationally . The Times and The Scotsman copied the format as The Independent increased sales . All three newspapers are now printed exclusively in compact format following trial periods during which both broadsheet and compact version were produced simultaneously . The term `` compact '' was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail when that newspaper went tabloid , although the Mail now calls itself a tabloid . It is often used to differentiate newspapers with more traditional content from those with a flamboyant or salacious publishing style , even though they may share the same size . The functional opposite of compact is red top , as the nameplates of British sensationalist tabloids tend to be red .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df7b0c124f91bb9d2c823dd917d4e7", "text": "History of journalism in the United Kingdom The history of journalism in the United Kingdom includes the gathering and transmitting of news , spans the growth of technology and trade , marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis . In the analysis of historians , it involves the steady increase of the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted . Newspapers have always been the primary medium of journalists since 1700 , with magazines added in the 18th century , radio and television in the 20th century , and the Internet in the 21st century . London has always been the main center of British journalism , followed at a distance by Edinburgh , Belfast , Dublin , and regional cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5acbb08557d84f4dff22e9fa8477fcd", "text": "National Digital Newspaper Program The National Digital Newspaper Program is a joint project between the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress to create and maintain a publicly available , online digital archive of historically significant newspapers published in the United States between 1836 and 1922 . Additionally , the program will make available bibliographic records and holdings information for some 140,000 newspaper titles from the 17th century to the present . Further , it will include scope notes and encyclopedia-style entries discussing the historical significance of specific newspapers . Added content will also include contextually relevant historical information . `` One organization within each U.S. state or territory will receive an award to collaborate with relevant state partners in this effort . '' In March 2007 more than 226,000 pages of newspapers from California , Florida , Kentucky , New York , Utah , Virginia and the District of Columbia published between 1900 and 1910 were put online at a fully searchable site called `` Chronicling America . '' As of December 2007 , the total number of pages is about 413,000 . This further expanded to be 1 million pages in 2009 . Funding through the National Endowment for the Humanities is carried out through their `` We The People '' initiative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84685defd07dd49b6d0630c2de26b338", "text": "Philadelphia Bulletin For the 2004 resurrection of the Bulletin , see The Bulletin ( newspaper ) . The Philadelphia Bulletin was a daily evening newspaper published from 1847 to 1982 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was the largest circulation newspaper in Philadelphia for 76 years and was once the largest evening newspaper in the United States . Its widely known slogan was : `` In Philadelphia , nearly everybody reads The Bulletin . '' Describing the Bulletin 's style , publisher William L. McLean once said : `` I think the Bulletin operates on a principle which in the long run is unbeatable . This is that it enters the reader 's home as a guest . Therefore , it should behave as a guest , telling the news rather than shouting it . '' As Time magazine later noted : `` In its news columns , the Bulletin was solid if unspectacular . Local affairs were covered extensively , but politely . Muckraking was frowned upon . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67767dc40db4a8d1ad6dacbc0a7a8293", "text": "Encyclopedia An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia is a reference work or compendium providing a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or from a particular field or discipline . Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories . Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries . Generally speaking , unlike dictionary entries which focus on linguistic information about words , such as their meaning , pronunciation , use , and grammatical forms , encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject named in the article 's title . Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably since that time as to language ( written in a major international or a vernacular language ) , size ( few or many volumes ) , intent ( presentation of a global or a limited range of knowledge ) , cultural perceptions ( authoritative , ideological , didactic , utilitarian ) , authorship ( qualifications , style ) , readership ( education level , background , interests , capabilities ) , and the technologies available for their production and distribution ( hand-written manuscripts , small or large print runs , internet production ) . As a valued source of reliable information compiled by experts , printed versions found a prominent place in libraries , schools and other educational institutions . The appearance of digital and open-source versions in the 20th century has vastly expanded the accessibility , authorship , readership , and variety of encyclopedia entries and called into question the idea of what an encyclopedia is and the relevance of applying to such dynamic productions the traditional criteria for assembling and evaluating print encyclopedias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1064265912a3a0f4a900984b2ea26806", "text": "Dallas Dispatch The Dallas Dispatch was a daily evening newspaper published in Dallas , Texas ( USA ) from 1906 until it was combined with the evening Dallas Journal in 1938 to create The Dallas Dispatch-Journal , the name of which was shortened to The Dallas Journal in 1939 and which ceased publication in 1942 . The Dispatch began publication on September 17 , 1906 with a four-page issue . ( It presumably was not related to an earlier Dallas Dispatch , which had gone out of business in July 1894 . ) The paper was owned by the Scripps-McRae Association . Alfred O. Andersson was its first editor and H. J. Richmond its first business manager . Andersson was its publisher for most of the newspaper 's existence , and Lewis W. Bailey was its editor for many years . Andersson retired as publisher in March 1937 without relinquishing his ownership interest , and in June 1938 he formed The Dispatch-Journal Publishing Company with Karl Hoblitzelle and John Moroney to acquire the Dispatch and another evening newspaper , The Dallas Journal , which had been a sister publication of The Dallas Morning News . The resulting Dallas Dispatch-Journal was published six evenings a week with no Sunday edition . The Dispatch lived on as part of the new publication 's name until December 1939 , when James M. West , Sr. of Houston acquired control and shortened the name to The Dallas Journal . The Dispatch campaigned for an emergency hospital , the cleaning up of criminal law enforcement , and new franchises for city utilities . It gave more attention to crime news than did its competition and `` probably set some kind of record with extra editions . '' It was said that it would `` print anything a reporter was big enough to sign his name to , '' and that that once included using `` ass '' ( referring to a donkey ) in a headline , turning that edition into a collector 's item . Dispatch employees included James F. Chambers , Jr. , a sports and crime reporter who became president and publisher of The Dallas Times-Herald , and Ralph Hall , who served in the Texas Senate and is now a member of the U.S. House of Representatives .", "title": "" } ]
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[ { "docid": "ec65563be39009a676be6a1bd0b97e0e", "text": "Pregnancy Pregnancy , also known as gestation , is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman . A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring , such as with twins . Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology . Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period ( LMP ) . This is just over nine lunar months , where each month is about 29 1/2 days . When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks . An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception , after which , the term fetus is used until birth . Symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed periods , tender breasts , nausea and vomiting , hunger , and frequent urination . Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test . Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters . The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception . Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg . The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus , where it begins to form the embryo and placenta . The first trimester carries the highest risk of miscarriage ( natural death of embryo or fetus ) . The second trimester is from week 13 through 28 . Around the middle of the second trimester , movement of the fetus may be felt . At 28 weeks , more than 90 % of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care . The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks . Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes . Prenatal care may include taking extra folic acid , avoiding drugs and alcohol , regular exercise , blood tests , and regular physical examinations . Complications of pregnancy may include high blood pressure of pregnancy , gestational diabetes , iron-deficiency anemia , and severe nausea and vomiting among others . Term pregnancy is 37 to 41 weeks , with early term being 37 and 38 weeks , full term 39 and 40 weeks , and late term 41 weeks . After 41 weeks , it is known as post term . Babies born before 37 weeks are preterm and are at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy . Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons . About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012 , of which , 190 million were in the developing world and 23 million were in the developed world . The number of pregnancies in women ages 15 to 44 is 133 per 1,000 women . About 10 % to 15 % of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage . In 2013 , complications of pregnancy resulted in 293,000 deaths , down from 377,000 deaths in 1990 . Common causes include maternal bleeding , complications of abortion , high blood pressure of pregnancy , maternal sepsis , and obstructed labor . Globally , 40 % of pregnancies are unplanned . Half of unplanned pregnancies are aborted . Among unintended pregnancies in the United States , 60 % of the women used birth control to some extent during the month pregnancy occurred .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "511183aa3a387f9ab40942401489f418", "text": "Gestational thrombocytopenia Gestational ( incidental ) thrombocytopenia is a condition that commonly affects pregnant women . Thrombocytopenia is defined as the drop in platelet count from the normal range of 150,000 -- 400,000 / μL to a count lower than 150,000 / μL . There is still ongoing research to determine the reason for the lowering of platelet count in women with a normal pregnancy . Some researchers speculate the cause to be dependent on dilution , decreased production of platelets , or an increased turnover event . Although women with normal pregnancy experience a low platelet count , women experiencing a continuous drop in platelet will be diagnosed with thrombocytopenia and women with levels greater than 70,000 / μL will be diagnosed with gestational thrombocytopenia . Thrombocytopenia affects approximately 7-10 % of pregnant women and of the 7-10 % , within that population ; approximately 70-80 % have gestational thrombocytopenia Gestational Thrombocytopenia is a disorder similar to immune thrombocytopenia ( ITP ) and is difficult to differentiate between the two disorders . Therefore , a medical history is conducted to because a diagnostic test is unavailable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42927f5b7253106a5ec4a32f97eb1bf8", "text": "List of women who died in childbirth This is a list of notable women , either famous themselves or closely associated with someone well known , who suffered maternal death as defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) : `` the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy , irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy , from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes . '' Note that this wording includes abortion , miscarriage , stillbirth , and ectopic pregnancy . Generally , there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is the result of a complication of the pregnancy , delivery , or management of the two , and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy-related death in a woman with a pre-existing or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy . Fatalities during but unrelated to a pregnancy are termed accidental , incidental , or non-obstetrical maternal deaths . However , the WHO definition is only one of many ; other definitions may include accidental and incidental causes . Cases with `` incidental causes '' include deaths secondary to violence against women that may be related to the pregnancy and be affected by the socioeconomic and cultural environment . Also , it has been reported that about 10 % of maternal deaths may occur late , that is after 42 days after a termination or delivery ; thus , some definitions extend the period of observation to one year after the end of gestation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4863cd1cf8db74a84fbf40569d3ea39d", "text": "Uterine prolapse Uterine prolapse is a form of female genital prolapse . It is also called pelvic organ prolapse or prolapse of the uterus ( womb ) . Risk factors for uterine prolapse include pregnancy , childbirth , chronic increases in intra-abdominal pressure such as lifting , coughing or straining , connective tissue conditions , and damage to or weakness of the muscles . Treatment may be conservative or surgical and should be based upon patient symptoms and preference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b95bc9deb18dcaa185d77e766136578", "text": "Nausea Nausea is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit . It may precede vomiting , but a person can have nausea without vomiting . When prolonged , it is a debilitating symptom . Nausea is a non-specific symptom , which means that it has many possible causes . Some common causes of nausea are motion sickness , dizziness , migraine , fainting , low blood sugar , gastroenteritis ( stomach infection ) or food poisoning . Nausea is a side effect of many medications including chemotherapy , or morning sickness in early pregnancy . Nausea may also be caused by anxiety , disgust and depression . Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea are called antiemetics . The most commonly prescribed antiemetics in the US are promethazine , metoclopramide and ondansetron . The word nausea is from Latin nausea , from Greek ναυσία -- nausia , '' ναυτία '' -- nautia , motion sickness '' , `` feeling sick or queasy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138493f44299b4bcab3486bbb7476289", "text": "Obstetric fistula Obstetric fistula is a medical condition in which a fistula ( hole ) develops between either the rectum and vagina ( see rectovaginal fistula ) , a ureter and the vagina , or between the bladder and vagina ( see vesicovaginal fistula ) after prolonged , severe or failed childbirth . Though uncommon where emergency care is available for women in labor , it is more prevalent when adequate medical care is not available . It results in incontinence . The United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) defines obstetric fistula as , `` A childbirth injury that has been largely neglected , despite the devastating impact it has on the lives of affected girls and women . It is usually caused by prolonged , obstructed labour , without timely medical intervention -- typically an emergency Caesarean section . During unassisted , prolonged , obstructed labour , the sustained pressure of the baby 's head on the mother 's pelvic bone damages soft tissues , creating a hole -- or fistula -- between the vagina and the bladder and/or rectum . The pressure deprives blood flow to the tissue , leading to necrosis . Eventually , the dead tissue comes away , leaving a fistula , which causes a constant leaking of urine and/or faeces through the vagina . '' It is considered a disease of poverty or injury because of its tendency to occur in women in poor countries who do not have access to adequate obstetrics care .8 An estimated 2 million women in sub-Saharan Africa , Asia , the Arab region , and Latin America and the Caribbean are living with this injury , and some 50,000 to 100,000 new cases develop each year . In developed countries , the majority of women with OF suffer rectovaginal fistula ( RVF ) . This injury is associated with episiotomy and forceps/vacuum extraction of the baby from the vagina . Over 80 % of RVFs in the USA are obstetric and either preventable or treatable , followed in frequency by Crohn 's disease and radiation . An obstetric fistula is almost entirely preventable . According to health advocates , its persistence is a sign that health systems are failing to meet women 's essential needs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59a8512a5222ddc966d96ba3660de41c", "text": "Pregnancy in art Pregnancy in art covers any artistic work that portrays pregnancy in women . In art as in life , it is often unclear whether an actual state of pregnancy is intended to be shown . A common visual indication is the gesture of the woman placing a protective open hand on her abdomen . Historically , married women were at some stage of pregnancy for much of their life until the menopause , but the depiction of this in art is relatively uncommon , and generally restricted to some specific contexts . This probably persists even in contemporary culture ; despite several recent artworks depicting heavily pregnant women , one writer was `` astonished at the shortage of visual images ... of pregnant women in public visual culture '' . A research study conducted by Pierre Bourdieu in 1963 found that the great majority of 693 French subjects thought that a photo of a pregnant woman could not , by definition , be beautiful . There are two subjects often depicted in Western narrative art , or history painting , where pregnancy is an important part of the story . These are the unhappy scene usually called Diana and Callisto , showing the moment of discovery of Callisto 's forbidden pregnancy , and the biblical scene of the Visitation . Gradually , portraits of pregnant women began to appear , with a particular fashion for `` pregnancy portraits '' in elite portraiture of the years around 1600 . As well as being a subject for depiction in art , pregnant women were also consumers of art , with some special types of work developed for them , including Madonna del Parto images of Mary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "017414c6520e825f3971ba6620159428", "text": "Maternal health in Angola Maternal health in Angola is a very complicated issue . In the Sub-Saharan region of Africa where Angola is located , poor maternal health has been an ongoing problem contributing to the decreased level of health in the population in the early 21st century . According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy , childbirth , and the postpartum period . Maternal health is an important factor in determining the status of health in all countries as the health of newborns , which depends on the health of the mother , has an effect on the developmental stages of each individual . In Angola , maternal health is affected by many different factors , including the country 's history , economic state , and overall prevalence of infectious diseases . The WHO lists the leading causes of maternal death as severe bleeding , infections , high blood pressure during pregnancy , obstructed labor , and unsafe abortions . These causes compose approximately 80 percent of all maternal mortalities worldwide with the vast majority occurring in developing countries . The other remaining factors that contribute to maternal death include malaria , anemia , and HIV/AIDS during pregnancy . The WHO also states that the reasons why so many women die during childbirth are usually poverty , long distance to care , lack of information , inadequate service , and cultural practices . All of these causes of maternal death , and the corresponding reasons , are very familiar among women in Angola .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29095bfa1d4fd7856c05b8ef5a3c672b", "text": "Breastfeeding in public Breastfeeding in public is the practice of breastfeeding babies in a public or semi-public place in open view of the general public . Social attitudes and legal protection of the practice varies widely . In many countries , both in the Global South and in a number of Western countries , breastfeeding in public is common and generally not regarded as an issue . In those countries , laws protect the nursing mother . In many parts of the world including Australia , some parts of the United States , and Europe , along with some countries in Asia , women have an express legal right to nurse in public and in the workplace . A few countries , such as Saudi Arabia , expressly forbid women to expose their breasts in public , even to breastfeed . Even though the practice may be legal or socially accepted , some mothers may nevertheless be reluctant to expose a breast in public to breastfeed due to actual or potential objections by other people , negative comments , or harassment . It is estimated that around 63 % of mothers across the world have publicly breast-fed . The media have reported a number of incidents in which workers or members of the public have objected to or forbidden women breastfeeding . Some mothers avoid the negative attention and choose to move to another location . But some mothers have protested their treatment , and if the practice is permitted by law , have taken legal action or engaged in protests . Protests have included a public boycott of the offenders business , organizing a `` nurse-in '' or a breastfeeding flash mob , in which groups of nursing mothers gather at the location where the complaint originated and nursed their babies at the same time . In response , some companies have apologised and agreed to train their employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b15e981728d207fa20108a79af335d", "text": "Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder . Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction . Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization . An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51c052ec044742c04840536b867fed04", "text": "Pregnancy vegetarianism Pregnancy vegetarianism is the practice of adhering to a vegetarian diet during pregnancy . Vegetarianism is `` the principle or practice of excluding all meat and fish , and sometimes , in the case of vegans , all animal products ( such as eggs , milk , cheese , etc ) from one 's diet . '' Although some people frown upon pregnant women practicing vegetarianism , there is no evidence that vegetarianism -- practiced properly -- is unhealthful during pregnancy . There are millions of healthy babies born each year from vegetarian households .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cfe19aacf7c2adc9d3e2e700011fcac", "text": "Postpartum depression Postpartum depression ( PPD ) , also called postnatal depression , is a type of clinical depression which can affect both sexes after childbirth . Symptoms may include sadness , low energy , changes in sleeping and eating patterns , reduced desire for sex , crying episodes , anxiety , and irritability . While many women experience self-limited , mild symptoms postpartum , postpartum depression should be suspected when symptoms are severe and have lasted over two weeks . Although a number of risk factors have been identified , the causes of PPD are not well understood . Hormonal change is hypothesized to contribute as one cause of postpartum depression . The emotional effects of postpartum depression can include sleep deprivation , anxiety about parenthood and caring for an infant , identity crisis , a feeling of loss of control over life , and anxiety due to lack of support from a romantic or sexual partner . Many women recover with treatment such as a support group , counseling , or medication . Between 0.5 % to 61 % of women will experience depression after delivery . Postpartum psychosis occurs in about 1 -- 2 per thousand women following childbirth . Among men , in particular new fathers , the incidence of postpartum depression has been estimated to be between 1 % and 25.5 % . In the United States , postpartum depression is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f608aa73ecd36e1d2c622de7196cb562", "text": "Mental distress Mental distress ( or psychological distress ) is a term used , both by some mental health practitioners and users of mental health services , to describe a range of symptoms and experiences of a person 's internal life that are commonly held to be troubling , confusing or out of the ordinary . Mental distress has a wider scope than the related term mental illness . Mental illness refers to a specific set of medically defined conditions . A person in mental distress may exhibit some of the symptoms described in psychiatry , such as : anxiety , confused emotions , hallucination , rage , depression and so on without actually being ` ill ' in a medical sense . Life situations such as : bereavement , stress , lack of sleep , use of drugs or alcohol , assault , abuse or accident can induce mental distress . This may be something which resolves without further medical intervention , though people who endure such symptoms longer term are more likely to be diagnosed with mental illness . This definition is not without controversy as some mental health practitioners would use the terms mental distress and mental illness interchangeably . Some users of mental health services prefer the term mental distress in describing their experience as they feel it better captures that sense of the unique and personal nature of their experience , while also making it easier to relate to , since everyone experiences distress at different times . The term also fits better with the social model of disability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743a64c62e87dcc183cb773289154a30", "text": "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption The long-term effects of alcohol ( ethanol ) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse . Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism , malnutrition , chronic pancreatitis , alcoholic liver disease , and cancer . In addition , damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse . The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body . The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol . In addition , the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable , and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs ) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol . The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years . Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption , however , given the many health concerns associated with it , some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug , and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease . Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks , including those of injuries , violence , fetal damage , liver disease , and certain forms of cancer . Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical . Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health . The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases , oropharyngeal cancer , esophageal cancer and pancreatitis . Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis . Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol , most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers , rather than the heavy drinker minority . Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health . Chronic excess alcohol intake , or alcohol dependence , can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment , cardiovascular disease , liver disease , and malignant neoplasms . The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression , dysthymia , mania , hypomania , panic disorder , phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , personality disorders , schizophrenia , suicide , neurologic deficits ( e.g. impairments of working memory , emotions , executive functions , visuospatial abilities and gait and balance ) and brain damage . Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension , coronary heart disease , and ischemic stroke , cancer of the respiratory system , and also cancers of the digestive system , liver , breast and ovaries . Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease , such as cirrhosis . Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging . Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01c402b3aed458d23c61ce4ee1eea11e", "text": "Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( CP/CPPS ) is a pelvic pain condition in men , and should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as chronic bacterial prostatitis and acute bacterial prostatitis . This condition was formerly known as prostatodynia ( painful prostate ) . CP/CPPS and interstitial cystitis are sometimes referred to jointly as `` UCPPS '' ( urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c703edd651ad5128fab5a20401ce9032", "text": "Recurrent miscarriage Recurrent miscarriage , habitual abortion , or recurrent pregnancy loss ( RPL ) is three or more consecutive pregnancy losses . Infertility differs because it is the inability to conceive . In many cases the cause of RPL is unknown . After three or more losses , a thorough evaluation is recommended by American Society of Reproductive Medicine . About 1 % of couples trying to have children are affected by recurrent miscarriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "654832238b6d0112d0e255c36f6f96c6", "text": "Melasma Melasma ( also known as chloasma faciei , or the mask of pregnancy when present in pregnant women ) is a tan or dark skin discoloration . Although it can affect anyone , melasma is particularly common in women , especially pregnant women and those who are taking oral or patch contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) medications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08c0f8d6499fedab241f4d7294219e9", "text": "Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) is a group of symptoms -- including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage . These symptoms occur over a long time , often years . It has been classified into four main types depending on if diarrhea is common , constipation is common , both are common , or neither occurs very often ( IBS-D , IBS-C , IBS-M , or IBS-U respectively ) . IBS negatively affects quality of life and may result in missed school or work . Disorders such as anxiety , major depression , and chronic fatigue syndrome are common among people with IBS . The causes of IBS are not clear . Theories include gut -- brain axis problems , small intestinal bacterial overgrowth , genetic factors , food sensitivity , and gut motility problems . Onset may be triggered by an intestinal infection , or stressful life event . IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in the absence of worrisome features . Worrisome features include onset at greater than 50 years of age , weight loss , blood in the stool , or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease . Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease , microscopic colitis , inflammatory bowel disease , bile acid malabsorption , and colon cancer . There is no cure for IBS . Treatment is carried out to improve symptoms . This may include dietary changes , medication , probiotics , and counseling . Dietary measures include increasing soluble fiber intake , a gluten free diet , or a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides , disaccharides , monosaccharides , and polyols ( FODMAP ) . The medication loperamide may be used to help with diarrhea while laxatives may be used to help with constipation . Antidepressants may improve overall symptoms and pain . Patient education and a good doctor -- patient relationship are an important part of care . About 10 to 15 % of people in the developed world are believed to be affected by IBS . It is more common in South America and less common in Southeast Asia . It is twice as common in women as men and typically occurs before age 45 . The condition appears to become less common with age . IBS does not affect life expectancy or lead to other serious diseases . The first description of the condition was in 1820 while the current term `` irritable bowel syndrome '' came into use in 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bdcf479cbf0483b84680e953ad8019a", "text": "Danger zone (food safety) The temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone . Food safety agencies , such as the United States ' Food Safety and Inspection Service ( FSIS ) , define the danger zone as roughly 4 to . The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness ( for example , a refrigerator 's temperature must be kept below 40 F ) , and that food that remains in this zone for more than two hours should not be consumed . Foodborne microorganisms grow much faster in the middle of the zone , at temperatures between 21 and . Food-borne bacteria , in large enough numbers , may cause food poisoning , symptoms similar to gastroenteritis or `` stomach flu '' ( a misnomer , as true influenza primarily affects the respiratory system ) . Some of the symptoms include stomach cramps , nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , and fever . Food-borne illness becomes more dangerous in certain populations , such as people with weakened immune systems , young children , the elderly , and pregnant women . In Canada , there are approximately 11 million cases of food-borne disease per year . These symptoms can begin as early as shortly after and as late as weeks after consumption of the contaminated food . Time and temperature control plays a critical role in food safety . To prevent time-temperature abuse , the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized . A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature : a significantly large number of cells may survive slightly lower temperatures . In addition to reducing the time spent in the danger zone , foods should be moved through the danger zone as few times as possible when reheating or cooling . Foods that are potentially hazardous inside the danger zone : Meat : beef , poultry , pork , seafood Eggs and other protein-rich foods Dairy products Cut or peeled fresh produce Cooked vegetables , beans , rice , pasta Sauces , such as gravy Sprouts Any foods containing the above , e.g. casseroles , salads , quiches", "title": "" } ]
fever
e5ffd7ea1db6838067fe550b18cc9290
Jean-Claude Van Damme isn't a screenwriter.
[ { "docid": "3566c2329b25f674119f5a71a9d99ed5", "text": "Jean-Claude Van Damme Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg ( born 18 October 1960 ) , professionally known as Jean-Claude Van Damme and abbreviated as JCVD , is a Belgian actor , martial artist , screenwriter , film producer , and director best known for his martial arts action films . The most successful of these films include Bloodsport ( 1988 ) , Kickboxer ( 1989 ) , Lionheart ( 1990 ) , Double Impact ( 1991 ) , Universal Soldier ( 1992 ) , Hard Target ( 1993 ) , Street Fighter ( 1994 ) , Timecop ( 1994 ) , Sudden Death ( 1995 ) , JCVD ( 2008 ) and The Expendables 2 ( 2012 ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "11555c5a923cf6ed76ec539270701e4d", "text": "César Award for Best Writing The César Award for Best Writing ( César du meilleur scénario , dialogues ou adaptation ( 1976-1982 ) ; César du meilleur scénario original ou adaptation ( 1986-2005 ) ) is a former award given by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma from 1976 to 2005 . It was split into César Award for Best Original Screenplay and César Award for Best Adaptation in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ead9460a24d9005a690245cc24902e3d", "text": "Non-linear editing system Non-destructive editing is a form of audio , video or image editing where the original content is not modified in the course of editinginstead the edits themselves are specified and modified by specialized software . A pointer-based playlisteffectively an edit decision list ( EDL ) for video or a directed acyclic graph for still images is used to keep track of edits . Each time the edited audio , video , or image is rendered , played back , or accessed , it is reconstructed from the original source and the specified editing steps . Although this process is more computationally intensive than directly modifying the original content , changing the edits themselves can be almost instantaneous , and it prevents further generation loss as the audio , video , or image is edited . A non-linear editing system ( NLE ) is a video ( NLVE ) or audio editing ( NLAE ) digital audio workstation ( DAW ) system that performs non-destructive editing on source material . The name is in contrast to 20th century methods of linear video editing and film editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1dfa9e15601310d179274a72c8768e7", "text": "Marina de Van Marina de Van ( -LSB- də van -RSB- ; born 8 February 1971 ) is a French film director , screenwriter and actress . Her film , Do n't Look Back , was screened out of competition at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b9b98089eab38c4e0adf9b4551eaf2e", "text": "The Fury (2016 film) The Fury ( De Helleveeg ) is a 2016 Dutch drama film directed by André van Duren . It was based on the book of the same name by A.F. Th . van der Heijden . It was listed as one of eleven films that could be selected as the Dutch submission for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226d1d9aa4c17f10a84c8d367466bad7", "text": "Lila Says Lila Says ( French title : Lila dit ça ) is a 2004 French film directed by Ziad Doueiri . The plot is based on the novel of the same title written by `` Chimo '' ( a pseudonym ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebad71a49d2673a5b6bb1d121a292ad", "text": "Dumè Dominique Mattei ( born in 1981 in Marseille , France ) better known by the stage name Dumè is a French singer , composer and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd25aa38aa3f144637819073297e97e", "text": "The Shorts The Shorts were a pop group from the Netherlands consisting of Hans van Vondelen ( vocals ) , Erik de Wildt ( keyboard ) , Hans Stokkermans ( bass guitar ) and Peter Wezenbeek ( drums ) . The group was formed in 1976 , and scored a 1983 international hit with `` Comment ça va '' . Last `` recorded '' appearance in from Sopot Festival 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a752267fb8e9c3979484a6db948966c5", "text": "John Gay (screenwriter) John Gay ( April 1 , 1924 -- February 4 , 2017 ) was an American screenwriter . Born in Whittier , California , Gay began his career writing episodes for television anthology series such as Lux Video Theatre , Kraft Television Theatre , and Goodyear Television Playhouse . He made his film screenwriting debut in 1956 with Run Silent Run Deep . Additional screen credits include Separate Tables , Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , The Courtship of Eddie 's Father , The Hallelujah Trail , No Way to Treat a Lady , Soldier Blue , Sometimes a Great Notion , and A Matter of Time . For television , Gay has adapted numerous literary classics , including The Red Badge of Courage , Captains Courageous , Les Misérables , A Tale of Two Cities , The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Ivanhoe , Uncle Tom 's Cabin , and Around the World in 80 Days . He also wrote television biopics of Howard Hughes , George Armstrong Custer , Caryl Chessman , and Adolf Hitler ; small screen remakes of Dial M for Murder , Witness for the Prosecution , Inherit the Wind , and Shadow of a Doubt ; adaptations of the bestsellers Fatal Vision and Blind Faith by Joe McGinniss and The Burden of Proof by Scott Turow ; and the television movie A Piano for Mrs. Cimino starring Bette Davis . Gay also wrote the one-man play Diversions and Delights , in which Oscar Wilde presents a lecture about his career to a Parisian audience in November 1899 . With Vincent Price portraying Wilde , the play premiered in San Francisco in July 1977 and toured more than 300 cities during the next three years . Gay was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Separate Tables . He has been nominated once for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Limited Series or a Special and three times for the Edgar Award for Best Television Feature or Miniseries . Gay wrote the memoir Any Way I Can : 50 Years in Show Business with his daughter Jennifer Gay Summers . Gay died in Santa Monica , California , on February 4 , 2017 , at age 92 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c338353cd559de6b20a8e582e27f46", "text": "Jean-Luc Godard Jean-Luc Godard ( -LSB- ʒɑ̃lyk ɡɔdaʁ -RSB- ; born 3 December 1930 ) is a French-Swiss film director , screenwriter and film critic . He is often identified with the 1960s French film movement La Nouvelle Vague , or `` New Wave '' . Like his New Wave contemporaries , Godard criticized mainstream French cinema 's `` Tradition of Quality '' , which `` emphasized craft over innovation , privileged established directors over new directors , and preferred the great works of the past to experimentation . '' As a result of such argument , he and like-minded critics started to make their own films . Many of Godard 's films challenge the conventions of traditional Hollywood in addition to French cinema . He is often considered the most radical French filmmaker of the 1960s and 1970s ; his approach in film conventions , politics and philosophies made him arguably the most influential director of the French New Wave . Along with showing knowledge of film history through homages and references , several of his films expressed his political views ; he was an avid reader of existential and Marxist philosophy . Since the New Wave , his politics have been much less radical and his recent films are about representation and human conflict from a humanist , and a Marxist perspective . In a 2002 Sight & Sound poll , Godard ranked third in the critics ' top-ten directors of all time ( which was put together by assembling the directors of the individual films for which the critics voted ) . He is said to have `` created one of the largest bodies of critical analysis of any filmmaker since the mid-twentieth century . '' He and his work have been central to narrative theory and have `` challenged both commercial narrative cinema norms and film criticism 's vocabulary . '' In 2010 , Godard was awarded an Academy Honorary Award , but did not attend the award ceremony . Godard 's films have inspired many directors including Martin Scorsese , Quentin Tarantino , Brian De Palma , Steven Soderbergh , D. A. Pennebaker , Robert Altman , Jim Jarmusch , Wong Kar-wai , Wim Wenders , Bernardo Bertolucci , and Pier Paolo Pasolini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873f1d094abb922ba9c6473590ae6b82", "text": "Wim Verstappen Wim Verstappen ( 4 May 1937 -- 24 July 2004 ) was a Dutch film director and producer , television director , and screen writer . Verstappen grew up on Curaçao . He started at the Netherlands Film and Television Academy in 1961 , and released his first movie in 1966 , De minder gelukkige terugkeer van Joszef Katus naar het land van Rembrandt . He joined the editorial staff of the film magazine Skoop in 1964 , working alongside Nicolai van der Heyde , Gied Jaspars , and Pim de la Parra . From 1966 on he directed and produced films with De la Parra , and in 1967 they founded a production company , Scorpio Films , becoming known as ` Pim & Wim ' . Among their productions was the 1971 explicit film Blue Movie , which led to the abolition of the Dutch film rating system for adults . After the demise of Scorpio Films , Verstappen directed two films based on novels by Simon Vestdijk , Pastorale 1943 ( 1978 ) and Het verboden bacchanaal ( 1981 ) . While the first was a commercial success , drawing an audience of over a million , the second film flopped , as did two later film , De Zwarte Ruiter ( 1983 ) and De Ratelrat ( 1987 ) . Verstappen stopped directing films and focused on film rights , founding an organization to secure authors ' copyrights . In 1992 he was awarded the Dutch Filmmuseum Award for his contributions to the Dutch film industry , and in 1995 he received a Golden Calf for his body of work . He died of cancer in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee3bb8c61d8948edfd786032be8d0e60", "text": "Claude Chalhoub Claude Chalhoub ( -LSB- ) born in Qaa , Lebanon in 1974 , from a Christian musical family of 11 children , attended the Lebanese Conservatoire before entering the Royal College of Music in London as winner of the prestigious Queen Elizabeth Scholarship award . He is fluent in Classical Western music and Arabic improvisation , and was concertmaster for Daniel Barenboim 's ` West-Eastern Divan Orchestra ' ( 1999 - 2002 ) . Furthermore , he was invited by Yo-Yo Ma to Tanglewood/USA to support him in his Silk Road Project . His debut release on Teldec Classics International called Claude Chalhoub is the result of an exclusive recording contract with Canadian producer Michael Brook . The compositions consist of western classical elements being blended into a more Indian/Arabic flavor , with the addition of ethnic percussion and electronic effects . Claude Chalhoub plays on a Stradivarius from the Stradivari Society also featuring vocals from Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan . His second album Diwan exclusively in the sphere of classical music was produced by Herzog Records in collaboration with the Gewandhausorchester of Leipzig , Germany . The album offers original compositions for violin solo and orchestra with baroque & oriental sound images . In 2015 , he produced the DVD Marionettes Dance , directed by Boris Penth in collaboration with the University of Music & Performing Arts of Vienna , Austria . As a violinist Claude Chalhoub has performed the classical repertoire for violin as well as his own music world-wide and with the most renowned orchestra 's and magnificent musicians , including the Symphony Orchestra 's of London , Halle and Holland , Michael Brook , Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan , Tobias Koch , Calefax Reed Quintet , The Edmond Chamber Players to name a few . His repertoire includes Beethoven , Mozart , Khachaturian , Brahms , Bruch Violin Concerto , Korngold Violin Concerto , his own arrangement of Mendelson Violin Concerto in E . An example of his international versatility was a collaboration with the Holland Symfonia and the Dutch National Ballet who played & danced to his music at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam . As a composer , he is well known to the film as well . His compositions are used in ` America Undercover , Persona non grata -- Oliver Stone ( 2003 ) ' , ` Yes -- Sally Potter ( 2004 ) ' or ` Into the Wild -- Sean Penn ( 2007 ) ` , he was commissioned by ` Koran by heart -- Greg Barker ( 2011 ) ` and playing the solos in ` India : Kingdom of the Tiger -- Bruce Neibaur ( 2002 ) , ` Caramel -- Nadine Labaki ( 2007 ) ` and ` Where do we go now -- Nadine Labaki ( 2011 ) ' . In 2012 , he composed and arranged the latest of Majida El Roumi 's albums ` Ghazal ' . After many years in Beirut working among others as Dean of the chamber music department at the Lebanese National Higher Conservatory of Music he now lives in Vienna , Austria . A film biography on Chalhoub 's life and career called ` Singing on the Violin ' by German director Boris Penth ( 2007 ) has been broadcast internationally , among others on TV channels WDR , 3Sat , Bayerischer Rundfunk , ABC1 , Arte , Euro arts , www.medici.tv , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10659ac63fe05be6564369be94f39d08", "text": "38th César Awards The 38th Annual César Awards ceremony , presented by the French Academy of Cinema Arts and Techniques ( Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma ) , was held on 22 February 2013 , at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris . The ceremony was chaired by Jamel Debbouze , with Antoine de Caunes as master of ceremonies . Nominations were announced 25 January 2013 . Michael Haneke 's film Amour , nominated in ten categories , won in five , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fc8c26e192f0c0dc444a866e5eb98a0", "text": "List of Belgian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Belgium has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1967 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards , in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit , known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award , was created for non-English speaking films , and has been given annually since . Seven Belgian films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Of these films , two have been directed by Gérard Corbiau : The Music Teacher and Farinelli . The five other Belgian directors to have films accepted as nominees are Jacques Boigelot , Stijn Coninx , Dominique Deruddere , Michaël R. Roskam and Felix Van Groeningen . Boigelot 's Peace in the Fields was accepted as a nominee at the 43rd Academy Awards , Stijn Coninx 's Daens was a nominee in 1993 , Deruddere 's Everybody 's Famous ! was a nominee at the 73rd Academy Awards , Roskam 's Bullhead for the 84th and Van Groeningen 's The Broken Circle Breakdown for the 86th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad81f327fc082fede376cd6591d0b5ed", "text": "My Name Is Nobody My Name Is Nobody ( Il mio nome è Nessuno ) is a 1973 Italian Spaghetti Western comedy film . The film was directed by Tonino Valerii and , in some scenes , by Sergio Leone . It was written by Leone , Fulvio Morsella and Ernesto Gastaldi . Leone was also the uncredited executive producer . The cast includes Terence Hill , Henry Fonda , and Jean Martin . The film 's title alludes to the reply Odysseus gave when Polyphemus the Cyclops asked his name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46723f9f9140780b7b0b13c7cedfc9c8", "text": "Paul Verhoeven Paul Verhoeven ( -LSB- ˈpʌu̯l vərˈɦuvə ( n ) -RSB- ; born 18 July 1938 ) is a Dutch film director , film producer , television director , television producer , and screenwriter . Verhoeven is active in both the Netherlands and Hollywood . Explicit violent and/or sexual content and social satire are trademarks of both his drama and science fiction films . He is best known for directing the films RoboCop ( 1987 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , Showgirls ( 1995 ) , Starship Troopers ( 1997 ) , and Elle ( 2016 ) . Verhoeven 's film Turkish Delight ( 1973 ) received the award for Best Dutch Film of the Century at the Netherlands Film Festival . His films altogether received a total of nine Academy Award nominations , mainly for editing and effects . Verhoeven won the Saturn Award for Best Director for Robocop . His Dutch war film Black Book ( 2006 ) was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language , and was voted the best Dutch film ever by the Dutch public in 2008 . In contrast , he won the Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture and Worst Director for Showgirls ( 1995 ) ; he is one of the few people to have accepted their award ( s ) in person . The Seattle Times praised Verhoeven by saying , `` Director Paul Verhoeven often appears to be a one-man Dutch movie industry , '' while The San Diego Union called Verhoeven `` a busy bee whose movies pollinate the festival circuit . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c219fa0d73649b8c0222a1ca7d779475", "text": "Documenteur Documenteur also known as Documenteur : An Emotion Picture is a French-American feature film by French director Agnès Varda . The film debuted at the 1981 Toronto International Film Festival . The film stars Sabine Mamou as a single mother and Varda 's son Mathieu Demy as her son . Though the film stands on its own it was made as a companion piece to the documentary Murs Murs in which Varda filmed mural art around L.A. and interviewed the artists who had made the pieces . Many of the murals filmed in Murs Murs appears in Documenteur and the film even opens with the same image as Murs Murs ended on .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac15bbc56715bc55dcc6de3bda402349", "text": "César Award for Best Original Screenplay The César Award for Best Original Screenplay ( César du meilleur scénario original ) is an award presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma . It was initially awarded from 1983 to 1985 , and then awarded again in 2006 , when the original category ( César Award for Best Writing ) was split into two awards , the other being César Award for Best Adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a19db86bf62cd38c7350853318f5fc6", "text": "Michel Deville Michel Deville ( born 13 April 1931 ) is a French film director and screenwriter . Deville started his filmmaking career in the late 1950s , paralleling the emergence of the French New Wave directors . He never achieved the level of critical and international recognition of some of his contemporaries such as François Truffaut , Jean-Luc Godard and Claude Chabrol , possibly because of his more conventional filmmaking style . Nevertheless , his films , especially his comedies from the 1970s and 1980s , were popular in his native France . One of Deville 's comedies , La Lectrice ( The Reader ) was probably his biggest success with international audiences . La Lectrice is about a woman ( played by Miou-Miou ) , who finds work reading novels for the blind but gradually finds herself unwittingly attracting a clientele of fetishists who enjoyed being read to . At one time his films were difficult to find in North America but presently ( 2007 ) seven of his films are available in DVD in the U.S. His 1980 film Le Voyage en douce was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival . Five years later , his film Death in a French Garden was entered into the 35th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04446145fce8718e0d9ebdfb84476a36", "text": "Until Death Until Death is a 2007 American action film directed by Simon Fellows , and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and Gary Beadle . The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on April 24 , 2007 . Jean-Claude Van Damme plays Anthony Stowe , a dirty police detective hooked on heroin whom everybody hates . After being shot in a gunfight he falls into a coma . Months later he recovers and decides to use his second chance at life .", "title": "" } ]
fever
63a2c0fc9ea367b8d19fad7724271807
Gilmore Girls has had four people executive produce the show.
[ { "docid": "cb9d228db5184278e1c98692657be65b", "text": "Gilmore Girls Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel . Sherman-Palladino , her husband Daniel Palladino , David S. Rosenthal , and Gavin Polone served as the executive producers . The series debuted on October 5 , 2000 , on The WB and remained a tent-pole to the network until its move to The CW on September 26 , 2006 . The series originally ran for seven seasons and ended its run on May 15 , 2007 . The show follows single mother Lorelai Gilmore ( Graham ) and her daughter Rory ( Bledel ) , living in the fictional town of Stars Hollow , Connecticut . The town is filled with colorful characters and is located approximately 30 minutes from Hartford , Connecticut . The series explores issues of family , friendship and romance , as well as generational divides and social class . Ambition , education , work , love , family , and questions of class constitute some of the series ' central concerns . The show 's social commentary manifests most clearly in Lorelai 's difficult relationship with her wealthy , appearance-obsessed parents , Emily and Richard Gilmore , and in Rory 's interactions with the students at the Chilton Academy , and later , Yale University . Gilmore Girls was released to critical acclaim . It featured fast-paced dialogue filled with pop-culture references . It won one Emmy Award for makeup in 2004 . The show placed 32 on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list , and was listed as one of Time magazine 's `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' in 2007 . In 2016 , the main cast and Sherman-Palladino returned for a four-part miniseries revival titled Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life , which streamed on Netflix .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6e61bf098dcd55f55efc9cc2189c4e62", "text": "Voyle Gilmore Voyle Gilmore ( June 14 , 1912 -- December 19 , 1979 ) was an American record producer and arranger . He was best known for his work with Frank Sinatra and The Kingston Trio on Capitol Records . Gilmore also worked with Judy Garland , Dick Dale , Dean Martin , The Four Preps and The Four Freshmen . Gilmore was the producer of the original live tapes used on The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039d839a0a64200cbf6c058d804a0010", "text": "Merlin (series 4) The fourth series of the British drama series Merlin began on 1 October 2011 with the episode `` The Darkest Hour - Part 1 '' . It consists of 13 episodes originally shown on Saturday evenings on BBC One and BBC One HD ( repeats shown on BBC Three ) . The series producer was Sara Hamill , and executive producers were Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy . The directors of the series include Alice Troughton , Alex Pillai , Justin Molotnikov and Jeremy Webb . Writers include Julian Jones ( head writer ) , Howard Overman , Jake Michie , Lucy Watkins , and Richard McBrien . Series four stars the regular cast from the previous series including Colin Morgan , Angel Coulby , Bradley James , Katie McGrath , and Richard Wilson . Credited as a regular , Anthony Head left the series after his character was killed off in `` The Wicked Day '' . Nathaniel Parker joined the regular cast in this series ( credited as such for the first time in `` Aithusa '' ) and John Hurt returned as the voice of the Great Dragon . Supporting cast members include Adetomiwa Edun , Eoin Macken , Tom Hopper , and Rupert Young . Notable guest actors include Santiago Cabrera , Emilia Fox , Gemma Jones , Phil Davis , James Callis , Lindsay Duncan , Gary Lewis , Charlene McKenna , Janet Montgomery , Terence Maynard , Ben Daniels , Miranda Raison and Caroline Faber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d78af8798b23a8edd83e91db8d51d9", "text": "Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life . The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy . Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f72dc4102361376e2044613ca043001a", "text": "Martin Cohan Martin Paul `` Marty '' Cohan ( July 4 , 1932 -- May 19 , 2010 ) was an American television producer and writer . Cohan co-created the sitcom , Who 's the Boss ? , which aired on ABC from 1984 until 1992 , with business partner , Blake Hunter . Cohan is also credited with creating Silver Spoons , which ran on NBC from 1982 to 1987 and launched the career of actor Rick Schroder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454", "text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f577591fe9164b300c28c449d250cbc", "text": "List of Futurama crew This is a list of people who have been part of the production crew of the television series Futurama . Peter Avanzino - Director Carlos Baeza - Director J. Stewart Burns - Writer Dwayne Carey-Hill - Director David X. Cohen - Co-Creator , Writer , Executive Producer Susie Dietter - Director Aaron Ehasz - Writer Mark Ervin - Director David A. Goodman - Writer Kristin Gore - Writer Matt Groening - Writer , Producer , Creator Bret Haaland - Director Darin Henry - Writer Eric Horsted - Writer Ron Hughart - Director Eric Kaplan - Writer , Producer Claudia Katz - Producer Ken Keeler - Writer Brian Kelley - Writer Chris Louden - Director Jeffrey Lynch - Director Rich Moore - Director Lewis Morton - Writer Bill Odenkirk - Writer Chris Sauve - Director Swinton O. Scott III - Director Brian Sheesley - Director Gregg Vanzo - Director Patric Verrone - Writer Dan Vebber - Writer Ron Weiner - Writer Jeff Westbrook - Writer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c6e68d13a4a2a28e9bdc9c0c6c33fc", "text": "David McKenna (writer) David McKenna ( born August 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter and producer . He is best known for writing the screenplays for American History X ( 1998 ) , Blow ( 2001 ) and S.W.A.T. ( 2003 ) , and for producing the film To Write Love on Her Arms . He was also the Creator and Executive Producer of the Jerry Bruckheimer TV show NBC 's E-Ring ( 2005-2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d207e820ec0ed7928ffea5e49946c60", "text": "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) `` Wedding Bell Blues '' is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls and the show 's 100th episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino , the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8 , 2005 . The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily ( Kelly Bishop ) and Richard Gilmore ( Edward Herrmann ) . Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore ( Lauren Graham ) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore ( Alexis Bledel ) serve as maid of honor and best man , respectively . `` Wedding Bell Blues '' received positive reviews from television critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5611c5a2b6bc29b6cd48d186a07d75b2", "text": "Judith Paige Mitchell Judith Paige Mitchell ( 1932 -- 2010 ) was a television writer , executive producer and novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca613303929b3b0190c1215bc1bb9b0", "text": "Garry A. Brown (producer) Garry A. Brown is an American television producer and director . He is known for his work on Foxs Prison Break ; and for the ABC adventure series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89b20a7af45a020979e49180abbd56ff", "text": "Gail Parent Gail Parent ( born August 12 , 1940 ) is an American television screenwriter , television producer , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "399d1e68d4dd04a4fb9ee1f7a38f6cdd", "text": "Kerry Ehrin Kerry Anne Ehrin ( born October 8 , 1960 ) is an American screenwriter , showrunner , and producer . In 1990 , she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for her work on the ABC comedy-drama series The Wonder Years . From 2006 until its ending in 2011 , she worked as a consulting producer on the NBC drama series Friday Night Lights . She was a showrunner of the A&E drama series Bates Motel , which aired from 2013 to 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "277cf111f6924cfe55c04143075cfb1d", "text": "Stars Hollow Stars Hollow is a fictional town in Connecticut featured on the television show Gilmore Girls . It is depicted as a close-knit community with many quirky characteristics , located roughly thirty minutes from Hartford . The show 's creators borrowed elements of Washington Depot , Connecticut ; Kent , Connecticut ; and New Milford , Connecticut to create the town , which is actually a set constructed on the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f29f4bae3f5cfaa34f90bc9fe3c07e8", "text": "Glen Morgan Glen Morgan is an American television producer , writer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2488fb8dd6f2715c3b2fdd9b1fd2b876", "text": "Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons . He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6779a0cd8d4b3bed5c9ea71244ccb67e", "text": "Fans4Writers Fans4Writers is a fan activist movement which supported the striking writers of the WGA during the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike . The organization was not associated with the WGA , and indeed was notable for its unprecedented show of solidarity by individuals who were neither directly involved in contract negotiations , nor had a financial stake in the outcome . While the group was first proposed by fans of Joss Whedon , it came to embrace more than 40 self-identified fandoms . They called themselves `` fans of TV shows and movies , fans of actors , fans of directors , fans of producers , crew and everyone involved in the team effort of crafting wonder . But most of all we are fans of writers , because they are where the wonder begins . They write the words we remember , they create the characters we love , they think up the lines that stay with us forever . As supporters of the people behind the scenes , who develop and write the stories that have meant so much to so many , we wanted to do something tangible to show them that we support the Writers Guild of America strike . '' Fans4Writers solicitied financial support for its activities , which included bringing food to picket lines and skywriting messages of support at the Rose Bowl . Money left over after the strike was contributed to the WGA Strike Fund . The organization stated its support for `` the writers in their fight for fair treatment and equitable pay ... with our thoughts , with food deliveries , with money , and we will pick up signs and march with them until a resolution is found . We do it in appreciation , and because it 's right . '' The Internet-based fan movement received some online press coverage ancillary to the strike itself , and Brenda Lawhorn , Fans4writers ' Campaign Coordinator , was interviewed on Public Radio International 's Fair Game . However , WGA member and Battlestar Galactica writer Jane Espenson was quoted on fan involvement : `` I 'm not sure that -LSB- fan involvement -RSB- , which is so clear on the Internet , is being made as clear as it could be in the mainstream press ... it 's the stuff with the mainstream , grassroots fans who come out in amazing numbers and send us food on the picket lines every day ... that 's a bigger part of our everyday strike experience than the involvement of the movie stars . '' The organization 's existence and activities highlighted one of the main sticking points in the contract negotiations -- the significance of the Internet and other `` new media '' distribution channels . The fan involvement in the strike could also be seen as an outgrowth of trends in which the audience had become more vocal as consumers of entertainment . Striking writers closed the circle by soliciting fan action on their behalf and specifically referring those upset at the loss of their favorite programs to the Fans4writers website , alongside the WGA 's own strike site , in order to register their sentiments and become involved . Successful use of the internet to organize `` save our show '' campaigns had garnered significant attention , as when supporters of Jericho inundated CBS with grievances in protest of the program 's cancellation . This and other similar fan-organized publicity stunts on behalf of television shows appeared to have inspired WGA strikers themselves to undertake a similar campaign of sending pencils to the CEOs of the media conglomerates in a position to influence the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers . Fans4Writers received designation as Yahoo.com 's Site of the Day on November 21 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4dca1aafb877b337f83d04ba82dc54e", "text": "Tim Clawson Tim Clawson is an American film and television producer , film studio executive and screenwriter . Clawson is best known as the screenwriter of the film They Call Me Bruce and the executive in charge of production on such films as Scream 4 , Piranha 3-D , The Reader and Inglourious Basterds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12e55c6b7e59299bbdc056bcdb2cd2e", "text": "Mitchell Burgess Mitchell Burgess is an American writer and producer . He was the writer and an executive producer on The Sopranos . He was a creator and executive producer for Blue Bloods . He frequently works with his wife Robin Green .", "title": "" } ]
fever
eabb431b870aeb43452dc42202a72298
Transformers: Dark of the Moon is a motion picture.
[ { "docid": "219e792c403c751ea3f6764f4e98790d", "text": "Transformers: Dark of the Moon Transformers : Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series , and is the sequel to 2009 's Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen . It is also the first film in the series not to be co-produced by DreamWorks . The film stars Shia LaBeouf , Josh Duhamel , John Turturro , Tyrese Gibson , Rosie Huntington-Whiteley , Patrick Dempsey , Kevin Dunn , Julie White , John Malkovich and Frances McDormand . Its story is set three years after the events of Revenge of the Fallen , and follows the warring Autobots and Decepticons as they battle to possess powerful technology from their homeworld that had crashed on Earth 's moon . The script was written by Ehren Kruger , who also collaborated on the narrative of Revenge of the Fallen . Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras , with filming locations in Chicago , Florida , Indiana , Milwaukee , Moscow , and Washington , D.C. . The film was rendered specifically for 3-D , and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render . In May 2011 , it was announced that Paramount would move Dark of the Moon release date of July 1 to June 29 , in order to monitor an early response to footage . Exclusive early premieres in select 3D and IMAX theaters took place June 28 , 2011 , one night before worldwide release in 2D and 3D ( including IMAX 3D ) formats -- each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound . Critical reception of the film was mixed , with several critics calling it better than Revenge of the Fallen and praising the film 's visuals , Steve Jablonsky 's musical score , and 3-D action sequences , while others criticized its writing , acting , and length . Dark of the Moon grossed US$ 1.12 billion worldwide , and is currently the 13th-highest-grossing film of all time , the second-highest-grossing film of 2011 ( behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ) , the highest-grossing film in the Transformers series , and the 10th film to gross over $ 1 billion . Like the first film , it was nominated for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards . It was followed by Transformers : Age of Extinction in 2014 . A fifth film , titled Transformers : The Last Knight is set to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b246240eb97d10fe7b69cbcc8cb5d231", "text": "Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada . In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6678087bfdbccdeb238329cebd2581c4", "text": "Transformers Label series The Transformers Label series is a line of the Transformers series by Takara Tomy released exclusively in the Japanese market . The toys in this line consist of transforming robot figures with certain themes such as working electronic devices or crossover licenses with other brands and franchises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15fa73dbcfe0670c67c5a7661bd4b4ee", "text": "Darkman (video game) Darkman was developed by Ocean Software ( Painting By Numbers on the NES version ) and published by Ocean Software in 1991 . It was released for the ZX Spectrum , NES , Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64 . It was also ported to the Game Boy and Atari ST. The game 's plot is loosely based on the film of the same name . In this side-scrolling platformer , the player controls Darkman , a superhero who can jump , kick and punch , as well as swing from a rope during action sequences between levels . In each level , Darkman disguises himself as the boss of the level , whom he must defeat before the time limit elapses . Tying into the plot of the film , Darkman wears masks of various gangsters who are responsible for his disfigurement , but his disguise dissolves after being exposed to sunlight for too long . The character changes into a different member of the evil gang in each level , taking on their attack moves as well as their face . In-between levels , Darkman must photograph his quarry before he can make a mask of them . These scenes involve moving the cursor to take a picture of the gangster . The better the photo accuracy , the more time Darkman is granted to complete the subsequent level . The final level is the most faithful to the film , and takes place on a skyscraper under construction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac4d60c90a9e4740428736d3167e0da", "text": "Spike Witwicky Spike Witwicky is a regular character in the Transformers comics and television series . Spike and the rest of the Witwicky family members are the closest human allies of the Autobots . Their motto is `` No sacrifice , no victory '' . They appeared in the original television and comic book series and later in the live action films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db369b16c9c27e78a2f3f16972cc55a1", "text": "Ramjet (Transformers) Ramjet is the name of several fictional characters in the Transformers toy-based media franchise . All have been Decepticon aligned characters who turn into jets , usually white .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83ff0526c7dba12a302a6e88f124aa57", "text": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ( -LSB- ˈsɪmptiː -RSB- , rarely -LSB- ˈsʌmptiː -RSB- ) , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE , is an international professional association , based in the United States of America , of engineers working in the motion imaging industries . An internationally recognized standards organizations , SMPTE has more than 600 Standards , Recommended Practices , and Engineering Guidelines for television production , filmmaking , digital cinema , audio recording , information technology , and medical imaging . In addition to development and publication of technical standard documents , SMPTE publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , provides networking opportunities for its members , produces academic conferences and exhibitions , and performs other industry-related functions . SMPTE Membership is open to any individual or organization with interest in the subject matter . SMPTE standards documents are copyrighted and may be purchased from the SMPTE website , or other distributors of technical standards . Standard documents may be purchased by the general public . Significant standards promulgated by SMPTE include : All film and television transmission formats and media , including digital . Physical interfaces for transmission of television signals and related data ( such as SMPTE time code and the Serial Digital Interface ) ( SDI ) SMPTE color bars Test card patterns and other diagnostic tools The Material eXchange Format , or MXF SMPTE 's educational and professional development activities include technical presentations at regular meetings of its local Sections , annual and biennial conferences in the US and Australia and the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal . The society sponsors many awards , the oldest of which are the SMPTE Progress Medal , the Samuel Warner Memorial Medal , and the David Sarnoff Medal . SMPTE also has a number of student Chapters and sponsors scholarships for college students in the motion imaging disciplines . Related organizations include National Television System Committee ( NTSC ) Moving Picture Experts Group ( MPEG ) ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCIR ) ITU Telecommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCITT ) Digital Video Broadcasting BBC Research Department European Broadcasting Union ( EBU )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ca9a037e3440c74d8c1aa800b03edb", "text": "Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2de615d218764aca1039ae71fbcd70db", "text": "20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 . The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c1ce30072843edffdd6b027d029db5", "text": "Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f00cd5648ef443fa07d6695e505d35e", "text": "Ethan Van der Ryn Ethan Van der Ryn ( born October 21 , 1962 ) is a sound editor . He won 2 Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing for The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers and King Kong . He earned further Academy Awards nominations for Transformers ( 2007 ) , Transformers : Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) and Argo ( 2012 ) . He is an alumnus of San Francisco State University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f6cd07e4d1904c341a433d40487d014", "text": "The Transformers: Maximum Dinobots The Transformers : Maximum Dinobots was a story arc from IDW Publishing 's The Transformers , and followed The Transformers : All Hail Megatron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e2f0da157657339f6abf18774004d7", "text": "Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d63617603c673d6f94821af90ca7952", "text": "God of Thunder (2015 film) God of Thunder ( aka Dark Universe ) is a 2015 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" } ]
fever
ae584ef4e59649ee3ba3e872d2b2d55d
Reddit did a funding round that was headed up by Sam Altman.
[ { "docid": "5e63486536e76512c5286fb86da33b1c", "text": "Reddit Reddit ( stylized as reddit , -LSB- ˈrɛdɪt -RSB- ) is an American social news aggregation , web content rating , and discussion website . Reddit 's registered community members can submit content such as text posts or direct links . Registered users can then vote submissions up or down that determines their position on the page . Submissions with the most up-votes appear on the front page or the top of a category . Content entries are organized by areas of interest called `` subreddits '' . Subreddit topics include news , science , gaming , movies , music , books , fitness , food , image-sharing , and many others . The site prohibits harassment , and moderation requires substantial resources . As of 2017 , Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors ( 234 million unique users ) , ranking # 4 most visited web-site in US and # 9 in the world . Across 2015 , Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews , 73.15 million submissions , 725.85 million comments , and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users . Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005 . Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006 . Reddit became a direct subsidiary of Condé Nast 's parent company , Advance Publications , in September 2011 . As of August 2012 , Reddit operates as an independent entity , although Advance is still its largest shareholder . Reddit is based in San Francisco , California . In October 2014 , Reddit raised $ 50 million in a funding round led by Sam Altman and including investors Marc Andreessen , Peter Thiel , Ron Conway , Snoop Dogg , and Jared Leto . Their investment saw the company valued at $ 500 million .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1f88a16832f1a88127a89a5904878ef0", "text": "Shuttleworth Foundation The Shuttleworth Foundation was established in January 2001 by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth as an experiment with the purpose of providing funding for people engaged in social change . While there have been various iterations of the foundation , its structure and how it invests in social innovation , the current model employs a fellowship model where fellows are given funding commensurate with their experience to match a year 's salary , allowing them to spend that year developing a particular idea . Notable past and present fellows include Marcin Jakubowski ( who develops the Open Source Ecology project ) , Rufus Pollock ( co-founder of the Open Knowledge Foundation ) , Mark Surman ( now Executive Director of Mozilla Foundation ) , and Philipp Schmidt ( founded the Peer to Peer University during his fellowship ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f3db4d2508b3675850414e61b3a7d5f", "text": "Piqqem Piqqem is an online stock selection service using a method of selection based on the Wisdom of Crowds . It was launched in the fall of 2008 with angel funding from early-stage Apple investor Mike Markkula ( the first investor in Apple ) and Tellme Networks founder Mike McCue . Piqqem encourages users to make predictions on stock prices with simple graphical icons or using online graphing charts . Piqqem then uses a proprietary algorithm to aggregate the expressed sentiments in graphical and symbolic form and compile those aggregate sentiments to provide predictions on share price movement based on the collective `` crowd opinion . '' Piqqem is similar to current prediction markets like those found on Betfair ( sports betting ) and the Hollywood Stock Exchange ( movie box office returns ) . Piqqem 's competitors include Covestor , Cake Financial , and the Motley Fool , among others . Critics of Piqqem 's approach assert that the stock market already reflects the wisdom of crowds in its pricing methodology . The company is located in the Silicon Valley town of Los Altos in Northern California near San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91049beaf3c6eb3969c7d1702dc57a70", "text": "SyndicateRoom SyndicateRoom is a UK online equity investing platform , providing cross-sector private and public investments as well as running the world 's first passive EIS fund , Fund Twenty8 . The company is headquartered in Cambridge , and authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority ( formerly the FSA ) . SyndicateRoom made history in 2016 by becoming the first crowdfunding platform to offer public market investment opportunities after being accepted as a member company of the London Stock Exchange . SyndicateRoom initially launched itself as a crowdfunding platform for high-net-worth and sophisticated investors , inventing and operating through the investor-led model of equity crowdfunding . Since launching in September 2013 , SyndicateRoom has raised ~ # 60 million for more than 75 companies ( July 2016 ) . Notable companies that have raised on the platform include : Salty , the first-ever equity crowdfunded Hollywood film , directed by Simon West ; Mill Residential REIT , the world 's first crowdfunded IPO ; and Axol Biosciences , which uses Nobel Prize-winning technology to produce stem cells from human blood and skin cells that can then be turned into cells for scientific research , potentially removing the need for animal testing . Approximately a third of the companies that list on SyndicateRoom are from the life sciences industry , an unusual statistic given that the vast majority of crowdfunded businesses are B2C .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e363605646e38b2694838393c67ddd8", "text": "Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs . The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America . Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97c26ad093f65037394e694c4f5864a", "text": "Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful . Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93ef1cf3ce097e95daabcde2cb1294ed", "text": "ModSquad ModSquad is a global social media management services based in the United States . The company currently has over 10,000 moderators on staff . ModSquad offers digital engagement services and teams across online , e-commerce , in-game , and social media channels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca64fa58a726cad97d2c856f4b15207", "text": "StartX StartX is a non-profit business incubator associated with Stanford University . It was founded by Cameron Teitelman in 2011 . it began as a spin-off of Stanford Student Enterprises , the non-profit financial arm of the Associated Students of Stanford University , which sponsored earlier events called SSE Labs in 2009 and then SSE Ventures . The StartX incubator differentiates itself from other incubators in Silicon Valley , such as Y Combinator , in that it is an educational non-profit 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) organization that takes no equity in the companies it helps start . At least one member of each company must have some Stanford connection , but undergraduates , graduates , faculty and staff are involved in the seminars and advise program . One of its first ventures , Alphonso Labs , developed the Pulse App . WifiSlam was acquired by Apple Inc for about $ 20 million . StartX 's staff is primarily composed of student volunteers from Stanford . StartX received a $ 800,000 grant from the Kauffman Foundation in August 2012 ( which allowed Teitelman to earn a salary ) , and $ 400,000 from Silicon Valley companies in February 2012 . In May 2012 , StartX created a specialized track , called StartX Med , for medical-related startup companies . In September 2013 , Stanford announced a grant of $ 1.2 million every year for three years to StartX . Along with Stanford Hospital and Clinics , it created a new Stanford-StartX fund ( of uncapped amount ) to invest in current and alumni StartX companies . To receive the investment from Stanford , StartX companies must raise at least $ 500,000 on their own from professional angel investors or venture capitalists . Stanford-StartX approved 6 companies by 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "282d5b107e4ca1d4568026939555e99c", "text": "GoFundMe GoFundMe is a crowdfunding platform that allows people in some but not all countries to raise money for events ranging from life events such as celebrations and graduations to challenging circumstances like accidents and illnesses . The company is based in San Diego , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c3d71e5a7a8708ea2210eecf8648f44", "text": "The Button (Reddit) The Button was an online meta-game and social experiment that featured an online button and 60 second countdown timer that would reset each time the button was pressed . The experiment was hosted on the social networking website Reddit beginning on 1 April 2015 ( April Fools ' Day ) and was active until 5 June 2015 . The game was started by a Reddit administrator . The Button garnered enthusiasm from Reddit users worldwide , attracting clicks from over one million unique user accounts . Various websites , browser extensions , and mobile applications were created for tracking the live statistics of the Button and enabling users to visit the Button when the timer dropped below a certain threshold . The Button 's countdown timer reached zero several times due to technical issues , but on 5 June 2015 , the countdown timer was shut off by an admin , ending the experiment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280a6097c1cdb76657468a0baeaff3af", "text": "MediaCommons MediaCommons is an in-development all-electronic scholarly publishing network in media studies , being created in partnership with the Institute for the Future of the Book and with the support of New York University and the National Endowment for the Humanities . MediaCommons established its first presence on the web in November 2006 with a now-defunct development site named `` making MediaCommons , '' and opened its current web site in March 2007 . The first project established on MediaCommons was In Media Res , an ongoing feature in which notable scholars in media studies present and comment upon brief , timely videoclips , aiming to promote dialogue between scholars and the broader public about the significance of media representations and forms . MediaCommons claims among its goals a transformation in scholarly publishing , suggesting that the network `` will not simply shift the locus of publishing from print to screen , but will actually transform what it means to ` publish , ' allowing the author , the publisher , and the reader all to make the process of such discourse just as visible as its product . '' The network promises to speed up the processes of publishing , but also to shift the focus of scholarly publishing back to communication amongst scholars . For this reason , the editors describe MediaCommons as a `` scholarly network '' rather than an electronic journal or press . MediaCommons is also an experiment in reimagining the processes of peer review in the humanities , opening up the process to public debate and discussion , and using both web-based metrics and commentary to create a process of `` peer-to-peer review . '' The backbone of this system is a social networking system currently being built by the NYU Digital Library Technology Services . MediaCommons has thus far published two commentable papers , one on the future of scholarly publishing , and the other on CommentPress , the WordPress theme developed by the Institute for the Future of the Book that allows for paragraph-by-paragraph commenting on lengthy documents . The co-coordinating editors of MediaCommons are Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Avi Santo , and the project draws on the support of an editorial board of scholars from across the digital humanities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad7e817e0d6d9a6265c8b4ea6423fd7c", "text": "Center for Civic Media The MIT Center for Civic Media ( formerly the Center for Future Civic Media ) is a research and practical center that develops and implements tools that support political action and `` the information needs of -LSB- civic -RSB- communities '' . Its mission reads in part : The MIT Center for Civic Media creates and deploys technical and social tools that fill the information needs of communities . We are inventors of new technologies that support and foster civic media and political action ; we are a hub for the study of these technologies ; and we coordinate community-based test beds both in the United States and internationally . It was founded in 2007 as a joint effort of the MIT Media Lab and the MIT Comparative Media Studies program . Its initial funding , a four-year grant from the Knight Foundation , was won in a contest `` to foster blogs and other digital efforts that seek to bring together residents of a city or town in ways that local newspapers historically have done . '' The founders planned to `` develop new technologies and practices to help newspapers attract readers as a greater number of Americans use the Internet as their primary news source . '' It expanded in 2011 . Staffed by academic , technical , and professional staff , the Center was originally led by Christopher Csikszentmihályi , along with the Media Lab 's Mitchel Resnick and Comparative Media Studies ' Henry Jenkins . Ethan Zuckerman was announced as the Center 's new director in June 2011 . Others affiliated with the center include Sasha Costanza-Chock , Benjamin Mako Hill , William Uricchio , Jing Wang , and Jeffrey Warren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feffd885d04a1d0da448903905e9cfc4", "text": "Inside Philanthropy Inside Philanthropy is a news website about large philanthropic foundations and wealthy donors , created by David Callahan in 2013 . It aims to increase oversight and transparency in large-scale philanthropy . The site provides news on major philanthropy and its trends , and presents profiles of big donors in particular categories such as donors from the technology industry , donors from the financial industry , and supporters of major education and healthcare initiatives . It also rates foundation program officers by their performance , rather than by the nonprofits they fund . It issues its own set of awards , such as the Philanthropist of the Year award and the Boldest Philanthropic Vision award . The site has been noted for naming wealthy people who Inside Philanthropy considers as scoring relatively poorly on `` relative generosity '' , or percentage of wealth that a person has given away , even if they still give out a comparatively large amount of money in absolute terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b9517351ce06d167af41f1a3bffd83a", "text": "New York Angels New York Angels is an organization of business angel investors based in New York , New York , US that provides equity capital for early stage companies , primarily in the field of technology and new media . Its members typically invest between US$ 250,000 and US$ 1,000,000 in companies that have begun operations but are not yet ready for venture capital . New York Angels is the successor group to the Angel Investor Program of the former New York New Media Association ( NYNMA ) , which began as the industry association representing the fast-growing technology companies in what was nicknamed Silicon Alley . In 1997 , at the suggestion of a number of NYNMA 's original founders , including Brian Horey , Laura Sachar , Alain Bankier and Jason Wright , the organization facilitated the creation of program to match new entrepreneurs with experienced Angel Investors . Following the crash of the dot-com bubble , NYNMA was disbanded and in 2003 the active angel investors whom it had brought together spun themselves off into a separate , not-for-profit group under the leadership of David S. Rose , a serial entrepreneur and investor . Since 2003 , New York Angels has invested over $ 50 million into more than 60 early stage companies , mostly in and around the New York regional area . Among the 75 Accredited Investor members of the invitation-only group are Gideon Gartner ( Gartner Group and GIGA ) , Esther Dyson ( Release 1.0 and PC Forum ) , Alan Patricof ( Apax Ventures and Greycroft Partners ) , Scott Kurnit ( About.com ) , Roger Ehrenberg ( IA Capital ) , Jeff Stewart ( Mimeo.com ) , Jon Whelan ( AfterNIC.com ) , Linda Holliday ( Digitas Health ) and other technology entrepreneurs . The group also accepts venture capital firms as members , among which are First Round Capital , Softbank Ventures , RRE Ventures , and SAVP/Greenhill . New York Angels was the first member of the Angel Capital Association , the professional trade group of American angel investor organizations . The organization is currently headed by businessman , Brian Cohen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d50489d5a37d088bad2f9e475f43da3", "text": "Sofar Sounds Sofar Sounds ( for Songs from a Room ) is a startup funded by venture capital from Richard Branson , among others . The company calls itself a global community where music lovers and artists come together to experience music in an intimate setting at a secret concert . The events started in London in March 2009 by Rafe Offer , Rocky Start and Dave Alexander . `` Music lovers '' pay $ 15 ( for US concerts ) , Airbnb customers can reserve seats for $ 30 . The lineup for a concert is not disclosed until the event starts ; the location is announced only the day before . The comapny claims that highlighting headline acts encourages people to turn up late and not respect the other performers . In early 2017 , Sofar Sounds claimed there are more than 400 gigs each month , some of which are hosted in members ' living rooms , although larger venues ( for an audience of 80-150 ) are more frequent . Sofar offers services in more than 300 cities worldwide . Performers apply to be considered and audition using extant on-line video . Musicians of all genres are welcome to apply . Local Sofar Sounds `` city leaders '' and their review teams curate the evenings . First-time performers play without pay ( receiving a video of their performance from Sofar ) , repeat performers then earn $ 50 per show . Musicians , bands and artists are often filmed , with the edited video uploaded to the Sofar Sounds YouTube channel , also shared on the website . Some gigs are live-streamed . Typically , three artists perform at each gig . Emphasis is placed on the crowd being respectful -- switching off their phones and listening . In June 2015 Sofar Sounds teamed up with Uber to host a series of secret gigs . UK acts who have participated include James Bay , Wolf Alice and Bastille , who raised money for charity War Child . Will Young was a surprise guest and there has been an appearance from Robert Pattinson and Yeah Yeah Yeahs front woman Karen O . Some US performers who have appeared in Sofar concerts include : X Ambassadors , Leon Bridges and Fantastic Negrito , while acts such as Núria Graham and Ali Somay have played Sofar Barcelona and Sofar Istanbul respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39d09cac5723e035686b8d60ed20ee19", "text": "Joel Furr Joel K. `` Jay '' Furr ( born 1967 in Roanoke , Virginia ) is a writer and software trainer notable as a Usenet personality in the early and mid 1990s . He is immortalized in the newsgroups alt.fan.joel-furr , alt.bonehead.joel-furr , and alt.joel-furr . die.die.die . He was a pretender to the throne of James `` Kibo '' Parry , and the bitter enemy of Serdar Argic . He is also infamous for his Usenet response to the death of Roger Zelazny : `` Good '' . ( Furr has subsequently apologized for this statement , attributing his cranky response to immaturity and thoughtlessness . ) One reason for Furr 's fame on Usenet was his self-appointed leadership over the alt hierarchy , where any user could create a newsgroup without any official vote or sanction by the user community . Before 1992 , internet administrators did not carry alt newsgroups that did not obtain some general community assent . However , in the time spanning roughly 1993 to 1995 , commercial internet service providers were cropping up left and right , and few of them had time or inclination to manage which newsgroups their services carried , so they carried all groups that were created . Furr attempted to bring some order and rationale to this practice , but with minimal success . According to Brad Templeton , Furr is one of the earliest people to refer to unsolicited electronic messages as `` spam '' . The term `` spam '' had been widely used by Monty Python fans to describe excessive torrents of verbiage on electronic chat systems and multi-user dungeons , analogous to the Vikings chanting `` spam spam spam spam spam , WONDERFUL SPAM '' in the legendary Python sketch . Furr used the term in the USENET newsgroup news.admin.policy to describe an out-of-control automated robo-moderation system known as ARMM . While he did n't coin the phrase , he appears to have been the first to use it to describe the phenomenon as it applied to USENET newsgroups . Furr created a line of Usenet kook T-shirts , which included a `` Serdar Argic World Tour '' shirt as well as one imprinted with the programming code for RSA encryption , boasting `` This shirt is a munition '' , a reference to US export law . He also created and sold T-shirts after the `` Green Card '' spamming incident carried out by Canter & Siegel . He is also an alumnus of the University of Georgia and its Demosthenian Literary Society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d1d89151bed54046aca8ba194d6e54", "text": "Gramble Gramble is a game-focused social entertainment network connecting players , developers , and charities through interactive profiles and a suite of social features . Launched in open beta in April 2013 , the network is currently accessible via a mobile version for smartphones and tablets ( Gramble.com ) . Native ( downloadable ) versions of the Gramble network are also available for iOS and Android . An HTML5-based web version is also in development . Gramble 's stated mission is `` to improve over one billion lives by changing the way people donate to charity . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67aa736e30f6d051b2d8eaf52b0239d4", "text": "ImpactFlow ImpactFlow is an online fundraising platform for nonprofits , businesses and individuals . Using its online dashboard , donors can discover and support nonprofits in their local community or beyond . Hundreds of businesses use ImpactFlow to donate to causes , and nonprofits such as Make-A-Wish Foundation and Girls Inc. use the platform to raise money and partner with businesses . ImpactFlow offers tools for event management , donations and social media publishing . ImpactFlow was founded by Tyler Foreman and Armon Moore in August 2013 . In 2014 , ImpactFlow completed a $ 1.1 m seed funding round . In August 2015 , ImpactFlow announced that it had received another $ 5.7 million in funding from a group of private investors in Northern California . ImpactFlow has been active in the Portland nonprofit community , pursuing opportunities to collaborate on events such as the WVDO Nonprofit Tech Fair and NWCUA Marketing Conference . In 2015 , ImpactFlow took the Portland Tech Diversity Pledge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44111b549683c9937e178dfd9305cb14", "text": "SeedInvest SeedInvest is an equity crowdfunding platform that connects startups with investors online . The company was founded in 2012 and launched in 2013 . SeedInvest has focused on building liquidity in the platform by attracting high-net-worth individuals , family offices and venture capital firms . SeedInvest screens and vets deals before allowing them to take advantage of the JOBS Act exemption permitting General Solicitation . In September 2014 the company launched a partnership with Angel Investing website Gust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff20ed6e8e6a206f492b9d91f23256a", "text": "Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. . , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion . Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage . The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5ab2faadecaad3b3cee1fbcde7e9e", "text": "The New Ledger The New Ledger commonly referred to as `` Pete '' , is an American web publication which pairs aggregated and ranked news stories with right of center opinion articles by free-market minded moderates , libertarians and conservatives . The site 's slogan is `` Welcome to the Know . '' Launched in February 2009 , the New Ledger 's contributors and editors include Pejman Yousefzadeh , Francis Cianfrocca , Christopher Badeaux , Brad Jackson , Benjamin Kerstein , Ted Bromund , Sean Noble , and Amanda Carpenter , some of whom have individual blogs hosted on the site . It is edited by Ben Domenech , who co-founded the conservative activism site Redstate . TNL , as site commenters call it , is not a political activism site , and occasionally publishes articles by conservative Democrats . According to its mission statement : `` Our goal is to sift through the noise to bring your attention to the news you need and want , in order to better understand the times we live in . '' The Transom section aggregates newswire content , while the `` sorted and ranked for you '' Daily Reads on the site , usually news and blog stories on business and politics , are assigned one to five stars on readability . Articles are typically strongly opposed to President Barack Obama 's domestic and economic policies , particularly criticizing the government takeovers of Chrysler and GM . However , TNL has also published articles supporting Obama 's policies on detainees and the environment , as well as the Supreme Court nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor . The New Ledger is frequently featured by the RealClearPolitics network of sites and by the website of CBS News , both of which have republished several of their stories . They are linked regularly by US News and World Report , National Public Radio , National Journal , The Hill , Instapundit , The Root , and throughout the conservative blogosphere . In July 2009 , TNL launched a daily podcast called Coffee & Markets , a roughly 15 minute morning podcast Francis Cianfrocca 's thoughts on Wall Street , economic policy , and other political subjects . The podcast was cross promoted at The Washington Times for some time , and after gaining some popularity , became sponsored by Andrew Breitbart 's BigGovernment blog .", "title": "" } ]
fever
85242c83ddf794ac09b55c8495b192d4
Pierce Brosnan had a cameo in "Mamma Mia!".
[ { "docid": "2ab667085f820ec3edbc717908428516", "text": "Pierce Brosnan Pierce Brendan Brosnan , OBE ( born 16 May 1953 ) is an Irish actor , film producer , and activist who after leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , began training in commercial illustration . He then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele ( 1982 -- 87 ) , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol ( 1987 ) and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) . In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 ( GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day ) . He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak ( 1997 ) and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 ) . Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer ( 2010 ) and the action spy thriller The November Man ( 2014 ) . In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism . He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991 . He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001 , and became an American citizen in 2004 , holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland . He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations , first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor ( 1982 ) and next for the dark comedy film The Matador ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "4e66c2e77cdd817c452607d7dba36adc", "text": "Amami (film) Amami ( literally Love me , also known as Daddy Do n't Blush ) is a 1993 Italian comedy film directed by Bruno Colella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44f7b49a3a9044aa5586cdfa3de12252", "text": "Max Dugan Returns Max Dugan Returns is a 1983 American comedy-drama film starring Jason Robards as Max Dugan , Marsha Mason as his daughter Nora , Donald Sutherland , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew Broderick , the latter two actors each in their first film appearances . This would be the last Neil Simon film to be directed by Herbert Ross , as well as the last of his films starring Mason ( Simon 's wife at the time ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "972d0b0fedc172822b59bd18a22211f8", "text": "Faustina (1968 film) Faustina is a 1968 Italian comedy film . It represents the directorial debut of Luigi Magni and the first released film appearance of actress Vonetta McGee , the latter of whom had filmed her role for The Great Silence a year prior .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "877ba65cb3fabddbae207afc4f2166ed", "text": "Follow the Boys Follow the Boys also known as Three Cheers for the Boys is a 1944 musical film made by Universal Pictures during World War II as an all-star cast morale booster to entertain the troops abroad and the civilians at home . The film was directed by A. Edward `` Eddie '' Sutherland and produced by Charles K. Feldman . The movie stars George Raft and features Vera Zorina , Grace McDonald , Charles Grapewin , Regis Toomey and George Macready . Making appearances are Walter Abel , Carmen Amaya , The Andrews Sisters , Evelyn Ankers , Louise Beavers , Noah Beery , Jr. , Turhan Bey , Steve Brodie , Nigel Bruce , Lon Chaney , Jr. , the Delta Rhythm Boys , Andy Devine , Marlene Dietrich , W. C. Fields , Susanna Foster , Thomas Gomez , Louis Jordan and His Orchestra , Ted Lewis and His Band , Jeanette MacDonald , Maria Montez , Clarence Muse , Donald O'Connor , Slapsie Maxie Rosenbloom , Artur Rubinstein , Peggy Ryan , Randolph Scott , Dinah Shore , Freddie Slack and His Orchestra , Gale Sondergaard , Sophie Tucker , Orson Welles , among many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "007d5567db94acadee4da55306d8bbe6", "text": "John Louis Mansi John Louis Mansi ( born John Patrick Adams , 8 November 1926 -- 6 August 2010 ) was a British television and film actor whose career spanned the years from the early 1950s to the early 1990s . Born in London to an Italian father and an Irish mother , he served in the merchant navy and the RAF during World War II . Upon becoming an actor , he chose his father 's surname as his stage name , later adopting the name Louis after Louie Dumbrowski , the character played by Bernard Gorcey in The Bowery Boys film series , whom his friends claimed he resembled . He was best known for his role as Engelbert von Smallhausen ( although in the BBC books he is named as Bobby Cedric von Smallhausen ) in the popular BBC sitcom ` Allo ` Allo ! in seasons 2 to 9 . He also appeared in Department S ( as `` Maxime '' in the episode `` The Treasure of the Costa del Sol '' , 1969 ) , the Ripping Yarns story `` Across the Andes By Frog '' , and the The Hammer House of Horror story `` The Thirteenth Reunion '' . His film appearances have included The Small World of Sammy Lee ( 1963 ) , the Beatles ' film Help ! ( 1965 ) , the original version of The Italian Job ( 1969 ) , Tales from the Crypt ( 1972 ) , and the Dick Emery film Ooh ... You Are Awful ( 1972 ) . After ` Allo ` Allo ! ended in 1992 , he retired from acting . He was often credited as Louis Mansi in his roles . For six years he suffered from Parkinson 's disease and in May 2010 was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer . His interests included reading , letter writing , animal welfare and watching DVDs/videos of past favourite series/films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915b766de28133a6982b7d2d3f4d137f", "text": "The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80e91e305ecaeb081f8bcc9bcd68e04d", "text": "Marinka (operetta) Marinka is an operetta by Hungarian composer Emmerich Kálmán with book by George Marion , Jr. and Karl Farkas , and lyrics by George Marion , Jr. . The operetta is a retelling of the story of the Mayerling Incident , but with a happy ending replacing the infamous 1889 double suicide of Austrian Crown Prince Rudolf and his mistress , Maria Vetsera . The best-known songs include `` Only One Touch of Vienna , '' `` Sigh by Night , '' `` The Cab Song , '' and `` When I Auditioned for the Harem of the Shah '' . It was first produced on Broadway by Jules J. Leventhal and Harry Howard with financial backing from Lee Shubert and Warner Bros. . It was staged by Hassard Short , choreographed by Albertina Rasch and used set designs by Howard Bay and costume designs by Mary Grant . The work premiered on July 18 , 1945 at the Winter Garden Theatre . The production moved to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on October 1 , 1945 , running until December 8 , 1945 , for a total of 165 performances . The opening night cast included Joan Roberts as Marinka , Harry Stockwell as Rudolph , Romo Vincent as Bratfisch , and Luba Malina as Countess Landovska . Later in the show 's run radio personality Jerry Wayne replaced Stockwell as Rudolph and actress Edith Fellows replaced Roberts as Marinka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee84c8b50248e183659048a017318d5", "text": "Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a4a6d0c8353db7ace59a7109545429c", "text": "Cuore di mamma Cuore di mamma ( also known as Mother 's Heart ) is a 1969 Italian comedy drama film directed by Salvatore Samperi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43852362fa3e77458226e1d6609d7cec", "text": "Seven Sweethearts Seven Sweethearts is a 1942 musical film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Kathryn Grayson , Marsha Hunt and Van Heflin . Seven Sweethearts generated legal trouble seven years later . In 1949 , Hungarian playwright Ferenc Herczeg sued MGM , producer Joe Pasternak and screenwriters Walter Reisch and Leo Townsend for $ 200,000 , claiming they had plagiarized his play Seven Sisters , which he had written in 1903 and which Paramount Pictures had adapted into The Seven Sisters a 1915 movie starring Madge Evans . Herczeg was imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp in Hungary when Seven Sweethearts was produced and released , and consequently he did n't learn of the film 's existence until 1948 . The suit was settled out of court for a substantial amount . Kathryn Grayson 's real-life sister , Frances Raeburn , played `` Cornelius . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7744022af153ff01626ba2f717e88340", "text": "Love Nest Love Nest is a 1951 American comedy-drama film directed by Joseph Newman and starring June Haver , William Lundigan , Frank Fay , Marilyn Monroe , and Jack Paar . The post-World War II comedy features an early supporting role for Monroe . It is one of the few films Paar made prior to his television career , and the last film appearance by Fay , who had been a popular stage comedian in 1920s and revived his career starring in the long-running Broadway comedy Harvey . It was also the last appearance by silent star Leatrice Joy . The film borrows its name from the popular old song Love Nest with music by Louis Hirsch and lyrics by Otto A. Harbach . The song is sung by a chorus over the opening credits and was used as a theme song for The Burns and Allen Show on both radio and TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bc6900855fb1f5c67c9f5c66b265efa", "text": "Casanova 70 Casanova 70 is a 1965 Italian comedy film produced by Carlo Ponti , directed by Mario Monicelli and starring Marcello Mastroianni , Virna Lisi , Enrico Maria Salerno and Michele Mercier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f552d1abd43dab1ae24828341f90310", "text": "Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel . The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c66954e4bc3ff89267e873574f2b491", "text": "The Thomas Crown Affair The Thomas Crown Affair is either of two films : The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1968 film ) , a 1968 film starring Steve McQueen and Faye Dunaway The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 film ) , a 1999 remake of the 1968 film , starring Pierce Brosnan and Rene Russo", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "259f7c2781f9fe6fdf26bbfef3df54bc", "text": "Monica Howe Monica Howe is a British costume designer , who made her film debut in 1976 with Bugsy Malone , for which she received a BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design nomination at the 31st British Academy Film Awards . She was again nominated in 2001 for her work on the Academy Award-nominated film O Brother , Where Art Thou ? .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a9528fa3e62dde11705228cdcc0675d0
Deadpool only appears in DC Comics.
[ { "docid": "2203a879c1773217f25321ef42b6d8b0", "text": "X-Force X-Force ' is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics , most commonly in association with the X-Men . Conceived by writer/illustrator Rob Liefeld , the team first appeared in New Mutants # 100 ( April 1991 ) and soon afterwards was featured in its own series called X-Force '' . The group was originally a revamped version of the 1980s team , the New Mutants . X-Force 's first leader was the mutant Cable . An offshoot of the X-Men , X-Force takes a more militant and aggressive approach towards its enemies compared to the X-Men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d48442057647b7311a06aca7eedc9a57", "text": "New Mutants The New Mutants are a group of teenaged mutant superheroes-in-training appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They have been the main characters of three successive comic book series , which were spin-offs of the X-Men franchise . The first team of New Mutants characters was created by Chris Claremont and artist Bob McLeod . They first appeared in 1982 's Marvel Graphic Novel # 4 and are subsequently featured in their own title from 1983 until 1991 . Like its parent title , The New Mutants highlighted interpersonal and group conflict as well as action and adventure , and featured a large ensemble cast , including the introduction of cult figure Deadpool . With the end of the first series , the characters were relaunched as X-Force in a new , eponymous series . The second New Mutants series , launched in 2003 , featured a new group of teenage mutants . Unlike the original New Mutants , they were part of a huge cast of students at the Xavier Institute . In 2004 , it was relaunched as New X-Men : Academy X , after which the central group was formally dubbed the `` New Mutants . '' In the aftermath of the `` M-Day '' crossover storyline in late 2005 , the remaining students were merged into one junior team , the New X-Men . The third New Mutants series , reuniting most of the original team , was launched in May 2009 . A New Mutants film was announced in May 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b7da326c376321ed7d02664ffbaa066", "text": "Cable & Deadpool Cable & Deadpool was a comic book series published by Marvel Comics beginning in 2004 . The title characters , Cable and Deadpool , shared the focus of the book . The series was launched following the cancellation of the characters ' previous ongoing solo series . The book 's mix of humor , action , and intricate plotting have won it a devoted fanbase . Marvel Comics canceled the series with issue # 50 to make way for a new Deadpool ongoing series that began on September 10 , 2008 , and a new Cable ongoing series that was launched in March 2008 . Cable & Deadpool were ranked # 7 on Marvel.com 's list of `` The 10 Greatest Buddy Teams '' of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5233a400ce1bb2d8a0b1c1149ddf7765", "text": "Deadpool Deadpool ( Wade Winston Wilson ) is a fictional antihero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist/writer Rob Liefeld and writer Fabian Nicieza , the character first appeared in The New Mutants # 98 ( cover-dated February 1991 ) . Initially Deadpool was depicted as a supervillain when he made his first appearance in The New Mutants and later in issues of X-Force , but later evolved into his more recognizable antiheroic persona . Deadpool , whose real name is Wade Wilson , is a disfigured and mentally unstable mercenary with the superhuman ability of an accelerated healing factor and physical prowess . The character is known as the `` Merc with a Mouth '' because of his talkative nature and tendency to break the fourth wall , which is used by writers for humorous effect and running gags . The character 's popularity has seen him feature in numerous other media . In the 2004 series Cable & Deadpool , he refers to his own scarred appearance as `` Ryan Reynolds crossed with a Shar Pei '' . Reynolds himself would eventually portray the character in the 2009 film X-Men Origins : Wolverine and reprised the role in the 2016 film Deadpool .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca4cbb6380d5ca7c45e75602df62702", "text": "Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is the eighth installment and a spin-off in the X-Men film series , and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character , as well as Morena Baccarin , Ed Skrein , T. J. Miller , Gina Carano , Leslie Uggams , Brianna Hildebrand , and Stefan Kapičić . In the film , antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love . Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema , but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights . In May 2009 , after Reynolds portrayed the character in X-Men Origins : Wolverine , to the general disappointment of fans , Fox lent the film to writers , and Miller was hired for his directorial debut in April 2011 . Enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September . Additional casting began in early 2015 , and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May . Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8 , 2016 , and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX , DLP , D-Box , and premium large format . Critics praised Reynolds ' performance as well as the film 's style , faithful depiction of the titular character , and action sequences , but criticized its plot as formulaic . It received various awards and nominations , including two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Theatrical Motion Picture . It also won two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy . The film was also a significant commercial success , grossing over $ 783million worldwide and breaking numerous box-office records , becoming the ninth highest-grossing film of 2016 , the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation , and the highest-grossing X-Men film . Shortly after the film 's success , Fox ordered development of a sequel scheduled to be released on June 1 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2e3b95926b91d2ea8b659e788b0e9a3f", "text": "Dark Circle The Dark Circle is a fictional criminal organization in that appears in comic books from DC Comics , primarily part of the Legion of Super-Heroes comic books . They first appeared in 1968 , created by Jim Shooter as a criminal organization founded by five members and populated by a multitude of clones of the original five members . The Dark Circle concept was later modified to consist of members from five core worlds instead of clones . A later version , after DC Comics rebooted their history , was led by Brainiac 4 and had several known Legion of Super-Heroes enemies among their ranks instead of the previous generic masked henchmen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2669a9e7f395360affae1688edb2ec", "text": "Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus . It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5033773b1b8cf20deb32e0ed539dfb", "text": "Java (comics) Java is a fictional DC Comics supervillain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37f7bcce42dad1d2e2eb7794def383fd", "text": "Death (comics) Death , in comics , may refer to : Comic book death , the deaths of characters in comic books and the related entry : List of dead comic book characters The personification of death : Death ( DC Comics ) Death ( Marvel Comics ) Death , a member of the Horsemen of Apocalypse Other characters : Death Adder ( comics ) , a Marvel supervillain Death 's Head , a Marvel UK character Death 's - Head ( comics ) , a Marvel character and enemy of Daredevil Death Metal ( comics ) , a Marvel UK character Death Squad ( comics ) , a Marvel Comics team of supervillains Death-Stalker , a Marvel character Death Wreck , a Marvel character Doctor Death ( comics ) , a DC supervillain Black Death ( comics ) , a Marvel supervillain Lady Death Lady Deathstrike Storylines : The Death of Superman Death of Buffy ( Buffy comic )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50dc70bdc3c19b7f66c8e4ccf94ccdfa", "text": "Hammerhead (comics) Hammerhead is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is primarily an enemy of Spider-Man and a member of organized crime who exists in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe . He is closely associated with the Hammerhead `` Family '' , a Maggia crime family . Hammerhead distinguishes himself from other villains in that he dresses up and acts somewhat like a gangster from the 1920s . Due to an injury he suffered , much of his skull was replaced with an unbendable steel alloy by Jonas Harrow , giving his head a flattened shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bcf0d7af8bbb2df3ac4fa463627283c", "text": "Puff Adder (comics) Puff Adder ( Gordon Fraley ) is fictional character , a mutant supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He made his debut in Captain America # 337 ( January 1988 ) , created by writer Mark Gruenwald and artist Tom Morgan . The character is depicted primarily as a member of the Serpent Society . Fraley made his debut as Puff Adder as part of the fourth version of the Serpent Squad alongside Copperhead , Fer-de-Lance and Black Racer , robbing a casino in Las Vegas . The heist was a ploy to gain acceptance into the Serpent Society by Society leader Sidewinder . Once part of the Society they help Viper take control of the Serpent Society and support her in a plot to take control of the President of the United States . The plot is eventually foiled by Captain America and several members of the Serpent Society who remained loyal to Sidewinder . After Viper is defeated the Serpent Society is reformed and Puff Adder becomes a regular member of the group . He later becomes a member of Serpent Solutions as the Serpent Society was reorganized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96eabde2f529aadee2e825b7ca585b4f", "text": "Firefly (DC Comics) Firefly is the name of two fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , with both being enemies of Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd983ce80863b7f14f0bfce0a9e7e68", "text": "All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman . The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' . The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint . Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' . With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2416cebf1ac25a6c2e6c12fc90acb22c", "text": "André LeBlanc André LeBlanc is a fictional character in DC Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432dfa22330ee8ddb91b195bf4605867", "text": "Ultimate Nick Fury General Nicholas Joseph `` Nick '' Fury is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics ' Ultimate Marvel section as a different version of Nick Fury . He has a substantial presence in all the Ultimate Marvel comics , appearing first in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up and Ultimate X-Men and later reappearing regularly in Ultimate Spider-Man and finally securing a regular , recurring role as the general of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the leader of the Ultimates , a re-imagining of the Avengers . His character was redesigned to look like Samuel L. Jackson , the actor who later went on to portray Nick Fury in several Marvel movies and television shows set in the established Marvel Cinematic Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60011df26dcdc9195752b286cb546966", "text": "Jericho (comics) Jericho ( real name Joseph William Wilson ) is a fictional character who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was originally a superhero and member of the Teen Titans during The New Teen Titans period by Marv Wolfman and George Pérez . Since the early 1990s , Jericho has gone through periods of both sanity and insanity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0363d7bafc65c170834b4fca89cb3584", "text": "Action Comics Action Comics is an American comic book series that introduced Superman , one of the first major superhero characters as the term is popularly defined . The publisher was originally known as National Allied Publications , and later as National Comics Publications and as National Periodical Publications , before taking on its current name of DC Comics . Its original incarnation ran from 1938 to 2011 and stands as one of the longest-running comic books with consecutively numbered issues . A second volume of Action Comics with issue # 1 ran from 2011 to 2016 . Action Comics returned to its original numbering beginning with issue # 957 ( Aug. 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57f7ba3e61a8ec3716999f665cc9f9ab", "text": "Wild Huntsman (comics) The Wild Huntsman is a fictional superhero published by DC Comics . He first appeared in Super Friends # 45 ( June 1981 ) , and was created by E. Nelson Bridwell and Romeo Tanghal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebd8f0bcf2e155942cbeff8d6d3fc961", "text": "Blitzkrieg (DC Comics) Blitzkrieg was a short-lived 1970s war-themed comic book published by DC Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f611068036f31a06c0ae1e0dcd413e29", "text": "Thomas Jagger Tommy Jagger is a fictional character in the DC Universe . He first appeared in Checkmate Volume 2 # 1 , and was created by Greg Rucka and Jesus Saiz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a8657c06afb438f60bf922db251712", "text": "Death's Head Death 's Head is a fictional character appearing in British comics and American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a robotic bounty hunter ( or rather , as he calls himself , a `` freelance peace-keeping agent '' ) . The character was created by writer Simon Furman and artist Geoff Senior for the company 's Marvel UK imprint . Furman decided to use Death 's Head in his Transformers stories , but believed that characters appearing in Transformers `` were prone to be absorbed into that title 's catchall copyright '' ( allowing Hasbro to contest their ownership ) and led to a one-page strip titled `` High Noon Tex '' ( which was subsequently published in various Marvel UK titles ) being hastily created to establish Marvel 's ownership of the character . Furman has stated that he chose the name Death 's Head for the character while unaware of the `` Nazi-connotations of the name '' . The character was later redesigned and relaunched as Death 's Head II , acting as one of the flagship characters for Marvel UK 's 1990s expansion . This version of Death 's Head also inspired two spin-off characters , Death Wreck and Death Metal , each of which starred in its own limited series . Later , in 2005 , fans used a poll on Marvel 's website to vote for the character 's return . This led to a third version of Death 's Head , Death 's Head 3.0 , created by original Death 's Head writer Simon Furman . Simon Furman said in 2011 that the character was still popular because `` he 'll never change or compromise or grow or repent or agonise like most comic book characters . He 's this unchanging , uncompromising rock that other characters bounce off . But you still kind of love him . Weird . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5634cf8095139d0e09af1034178a7070", "text": "Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda . The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d8d04d12981f42071248c89cd816b6", "text": "Marvel Zombies Marvel Zombies is a five-issue limited series published from December 2005 to April 2006 by Marvel Comics . The series was written by Robert Kirkman with art by Sean Phillips and covers by Arthur Suydam . It was the first series in the Marvel Zombies series of related stories . The story is set in an alternate universe where the world 's superhero population has been infected with a virus which turned them into zombies . The series was spun out of events of the `` Crossover '' story-arc of Ultimate Fantastic Four , where the zombie Reed Richards tricked his Ultimate counterpart into opening a portal to the zombie universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12176501e00c5b01d6d384aeaf4f6d53", "text": "Hulk 2099 Hulk 2099 ( John Eisenhart ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by Gerard Jones and Dwayne Turner and first appeared in 2099 Unlimited # 1 . As with many other Marvel 2099 characters , Hulk 2099 was a futuristic re-imagining of the original Hulk .", "title": "" } ]
fever
f7154055ef6d89f847a8051a92f5c4b0
Jennifer Jason Leigh had a role in a film.
[ { "docid": "019314c9066e33dd6a2a315d8cbb63c5", "text": "Fast Times at Ridgemont High Fast Times at Ridgemont High is a 1982 American coming-of-age comedy film written by Cameron Crowe , adapted from his 1981 book of the same name . Crowe went undercover at Clairemont High School in San Diego and wrote about his experiences . The film was directed by Amy Heckerling ( in her directorial debut ) and chronicles a school year in the lives of sophomores Stacy Hamilton ( Jennifer Jason Leigh ) and Mark Ratner ( Brian Backer ) , and their respective older friends Linda Barrett ( Phoebe Cates ) and Mike Damone ( Robert Romanus ) , both of whom believe themselves wiser in the ways of romance than their younger counterparts . The ensemble cast of characters form two subplots with Jeff Spicoli ( Sean Penn ) , a stoned surfer , facing off against uptight history teacher Mr. Hand ( Ray Walston ) , and Stacy 's brother , Brad ( Judge Reinhold ) , a senior who works at a series of entry-level jobs in order to pay off his car , and who is pondering ending his relationship with his girlfriend ( Amanda Wyss ) , until she dumps him . In addition to Penn , Reinhold , Cates and Leigh , the film marks early appearances by several actors who later became stars , including Nicolas Cage , Forest Whitaker , Eric Stoltz , and Anthony Edwards . Among these actors , Penn , Cage , and Whitaker would later win the Academy Award for Best Actor , with Penn winning twice . In 2005 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c51b08264750bd93155a6c433c7f6995", "text": "Margot at the Wedding Margot at the Wedding is a 2007 bittersweet comedy film written and directed by Noah Baumbach . The film premiered on August 31 , 2007 at the 34th Telluride Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e77ce6edb8df6cf69a640fc2f4b3b07a", "text": "Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle is a 1994 American film scripted by screenwriter/director Alan Rudolph and former Washington Star reporter Randy Sue Coburn . Directed by Rudolph , it starred Jennifer Jason Leigh as the writer Dorothy Parker and depicted the members of the Algonquin Round Table , a group of writers , actors and critics who met almost every weekday from 1919 to 1929 , at Manhattan 's Algonquin Hotel . The film was an Official Selection at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Palme d'Or . The film was a critical but not a commercial success . Peter Benchley , who played editor Frank Crowninshield , was the grandson of Robert Benchley , the humorist who once worked underneath Crowninshield . Actor Wallace Shawn was the son of William Shawn , the longtime editor of The New Yorker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f96183149d39fed6d953c76fa40d5be9", "text": "Anomalisa Anomalisa is a 2015 American adult stop motion animated comedy-drama film directed and produced by Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson , based on Kaufman 's 2005 play Anomalisa . It was released on 30 December 2015 , by Paramount Pictures . The film follows a lonely customer service expert ( voiced by David Thewlis ) who perceives everyone ( Tom Noonan ) as identical until he meets a unique woman ( Jennifer Jason Leigh ) in a Cincinnati hotel . Anomalisa was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature ( the first R-rated film to be nominated ) , a Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film , and five Annie Awards . It became the first animated film to win the Grand Jury Prize at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival , after premiering at the Telluride Film Festival on 4 September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34665db6ed722cb73c59d2d2e9ac4a6b", "text": "Backdraft (film) Backdraft is a 1991 American drama thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by Gregory Widen . The film stars Kurt Russell , William Baldwin , Scott Glenn , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Rebecca De Mornay , Donald Sutherland , Robert De Niro , Jason Gedrick and J. T. Walsh . It is about Chicago firefighters on the trail of a serial arsonist . The film grossed $ 77.9 million domestically and $ 74.5 million in foreign markets , for a total gross of $ 152.4 million , making it the highest-grossing film ever made about firefighters . The film received three Academy Award nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33f0c56e3f3782a9e037acb86539436", "text": "Road to Perdition Road to Perdition is a 2002 American crime film directed by Sam Mendes . The screenplay was adapted by David Self from the graphic novel of the same name by Max Allan Collins . The film stars Tom Hanks , Paul Newman , Jude Law , and Daniel Craig . The plot takes place in 1931 , during the Great Depression , following a mob enforcer and his son as they seek vengeance against a mobster who murdered the rest of their family . Filming took place in the Chicago area . Mendes , having recently finished 1999 's acclaimed American Beauty , pursued a story that had minimal dialogue and conveyed emotion in the imagery . Cinematographer Conrad L. Hall took advantage of the environment to create symbolism for the film , for which he won several awards , including a posthumous Academy Award for Best Cinematography . The film explores several themes , including the consequence of violence and father-son relationships . The film was released on July 12 , 2002 , and eventually grossed over $ 180 million worldwide . The cinematography , setting , and the lead performances by Hanks and Newman were well received by critics . It was released on home media on February 25 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12317cbe6abfe1811e9380c9155acb6", "text": "Jennifer Jason Leigh Jennifer Jason Leigh ( born Jennifer Leigh Morrow on February 5 , 1962 ) is an American actress . Leigh began her career as a teenager in the 1970s , guest-starring on several television shows . Her film breakthrough came in 1982 for her performance as Stacy Hamilton in Fast Times at Ridgemont High . Leigh continued performing past her teen years , receiving critical praise for her roles in the 1990 films Miami Blues and Last Exit to Brooklyn . In 1991 , she appeared in Ron Howard 's Backdraft , and in 1992 she acted in the drama-thriller Single White Female . In 1993 , Leigh appeared in the ensemble film Short Cuts , directed by Robert Altman and , in 1994 , she starred in the Coen brothers ' The Hudsucker Proxy . Leigh was nominated for a Golden Globe for her portrayal of Dorothy Parker in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle ( 1994 ) . She starred in a 1995 film written by her mother , screenwriter Barbara Turner , titled Georgia . In 2001 , she co-directed a film with Alan Cumming titled The Anniversary Party . In 2002 , Leigh appeared in the crime-drama Road to Perdition . In 2007 , she starred in Margot at the Wedding , which was directed by her then-husband , Noah Baumbach . She had a recurring role on the Showtime television series Weeds as Jill Price-Gray . In 2015 , she received critical acclaim for her voice-work as Lisa in Charlie Kaufman 's Anomalisa , and for her role as Daisy Domergue in Quentin Tarantino 's The Hateful Eight , for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe , Critic 's Choice , BAFTA and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . For her stage work , Leigh was nominated for a Drama Desk award for her Off-Broadway performance as Beverly Moss in Mike Leigh 's Abigail 's Party . Leigh 's Broadway debut occurred in 1998 when she became the replacement for the role of Sally Bowles in Cabaret .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "45cda639531ca0215c988f383edbb349", "text": "Everly (film) Everly is a 2014 American action thriller film directed by Joe Lynch and written by Yale Hannon based on a story by Lynch and Hannon . The film stars Salma Hayek as the title character with Akie Kotabe , Jennifer Blanc , Masashi Fujimoto , Togo Igawa , Gabriella Wright , Caroline Chikezie , Laura Cepeda , and Hiroyuki Watanabe in supporting roles . The film was released via iTunes on January 23 , 2015 , and received a limited theatrical release on February 27 , 2015 , by Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c1b2bf109adafbf1de048f84a44eec4", "text": "Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato . The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e47d370cb20161ae8c0d2f5f4d429cd2", "text": "Hillside Cannibals Hillside Cannibals is a 2006 American horror film directed by Leigh Scott and produced by The Asylum . The film is a mockbuster of the film The Hills Have Eyes , another film released around the same month , but its plot also incorporates elements from other films , including Cannibal Holocaust , The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and House of 1000 Corpses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3b0e09b310df506b2428d6b33006f97", "text": "A Gun for Jennifer A Gun for Jennifer is a 1997 rape and revenge film directed by Todd Morris and starring Deborah Twiss . It follows a feminist vigilante group who castrate suspected rapists and batterers while a female police officer attempts to stop them . It is shot in a retro grindhouse style and premiered at the Fantasia Festival in July 1997 , where it was sold-out an hour before screening and received a standing ovation . The film has not left the festival circuit ; Fangoria reported that it had been picked up for distribution by Mondo Macabro , but the release never came to fruition . The movie was covered in the documentary In the Belly of the Beast , which detailed Morris and Twiss 's discovery that their financier ( whom Twiss had met while working as an exotic dancer ) had been embezzling money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8376001b974e4d99d7d14ea94fbdbe1a", "text": "Janet Leigh Janet Leigh ( born Jeanette Helen Morrison ; July 6 , 1927 -- October 3 , 2004 ) was an American actress , singer , dancer and author . She is best remembered for her performance in Psycho , for which she was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination . She was the first wife of actor Tony Curtis and the mother of Kelly Curtis and Jamie Lee Curtis . Discovered by actress Norma Shearer , Leigh made her acting debut on radio in 1946 and secured a contract with MGM the following year . Early in her career , she appeared in popular films spanning a wide variety of genres , including Act of Violence ( 1948 ) , Little Women ( 1949 ) , Angels in the Outfield ( 1951 ) , Scaramouche ( 1952 ) , The Naked Spur ( 1953 ) and Living It Up ( 1954 ) . She played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s , in such films as Safari ( 1956 ) and Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) . Her highly publicized marriage to Curtis ended in divorce in 1962 , and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year , Leigh scaled back her career . Intermittently , she continued to appear in notable films , including Bye Bye Birdie ( 1963 ) , Harper ( 1966 ) and Night of the Lepus ( 1972 ) as well as two films with her daughter , Jamie Lee : The Fog ( 1980 ) and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later ( 1998 ) . She also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002 , including two novels . Leigh died in 2004 at age 77 , following a year-long battle with vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels . Among her survivors was her husband of 42 years , Robert Brandt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "535661c5dd0a39867bcef311cb225534", "text": "Did You Hear About the Morgans? Did You Hear About the Morgans ? is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Marc Lawrence . Golden Globe winners Hugh Grant and Sarah Jessica Parker portray the film 's protagonists , Paul and Meryl Morgan , a recently separated New York power couple on the verge of divorce until they witness the murder of Meryl 's client . They are forced to enter into temporary witness protection , given new identities , and relocated to a small Wyoming town ( the fictional Ray , Wyoming , 45 minutes out of Cody ) . Supporting roles are played by Sam Elliott , Academy Award winner Mary Steenburgen , Elisabeth Moss , and Wilford Brimley . It is the second collaboration of Grant and Parker , following the 1996 film Extreme Measures . The film premiered in New York on December 14 , 2009 and in London the following day . It was released to the United States on December 18 and to most of Europe in January 2010 . It received mostly negative reviews from critics . Compiled ratings from the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an average rating of 3.5 out of 10 . The film grossed $ 6,616,571 in its opening weekend and earned $ 85 million worldwide . Did You Hear About the Morgans ? was the 70th most successful film worldwide for 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1223cb27a32f7be88ccc6ecdfed41b80", "text": "The Tuxedo The Tuxedo is a 2002 American comedy -- action film directed by Kevin Donovan and starring Jackie Chan , Jennifer Love Hewitt and Jason Isaacs . It is a spy spoof that involves a special tuxedo that grants its wearer special abilities and a corporate terrorist threatening to poison the United States ' fresh water supply with bacteria that spills electrolytes into the blood and totally dehydrates the host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70d14cbdd5e495687f13e02917ad6488", "text": "Manhattan Night Manhattan Night is a 2016 American crime film written and directed by Brian DeCubellis . It is based on the 1996 novel Manhattan Nocturne by Colin Harrison . The film stars Adrien Brody , Yvonne Strahovski , Jennifer Beals , Campbell Scott , Linda Lavin and Steven Berkoff . The film was released on May 20 , 2016 , by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cbab51c486d544e54a4248c4053885d", "text": "Imagining Argentina (film) Imagining Argentina is a 2003 drama historical film written and directed by Christopher Hampton and starring Antonio Banderas , Emma Thompson , Leticia Dolera and Rubén Blades . It is based on the award-winning homonymous novel by Lawrence Thornton . It was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 2003 Venice Film Festival . The film , centered on a couple living through the ominous last military dictatorship in Argentina ( 1976-1983 ) , depicts graphic images of suffering , such as rape and torture . The closing caption states that around 30,000 Argentines disappeared during the beginning and end of the regime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a73cfa63f0dbf59055837dd5bcf2c59c", "text": "Mary (2005 film) Mary is a 2005 drama thriller film , written and directed by American director Abel Ferrara . The film stars Juliette Binoche , Forest Whitaker , Marion Cotillard , Matthew Modine and Heather Graham . The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize as well as 3 smaller awards . The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival , Deauville Film Festival and San Sebastián International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b654d41084439a4e4a81607e8d73e62d", "text": "Bubbling Over (film) Bubbling Over is a 1934 American musical comedy short film directed by Leigh Jason .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "969574736086f1e027c219810e05ae24", "text": "Freddy vs. Jason Freddy vs. Jason is a 2003 American slasher film directed by Ronny Yu and written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift . The film is a crossover between the Friday the 13th and A Nightmare on Elm Street franchises and pits Jason Voorhees and Freddy Krueger against each other in the eleventh and eighth installments in their respective series . The film is also the last in both the Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elm Street franchises before they were both rebooted . In the film , Freddy ( Robert Englund ) has grown incapable of haunting people 's dreams as the citizens of Springwood , Ohio , have mostly forgotten about him . To regain his power , Freddy manipulates Jason ( Ken Kirzinger ) into resurrecting himself and traveling to Springwood to cause panic and fear , leading to rumors that Freddy has returned . However , while Jason succeeds in causing enough fear for Freddy to haunt the town again , Jason angers Freddy by depriving Krueger of his potential victims . This ultimately sends the two undying monsters into a violent conflict . Freddy vs. Jason was released in the United States on August 15 , 2003 . It grossed $ 114 million , making it the highest-grossing film in the Friday the 13th series and the second-highest-grossing film in the Nightmare on Elm Street series . This film marked Englund 's final appearance to date as Freddy Krueger , and it was the first since Friday the 13th Part VI : Jason Lives not to feature Kane Hodder as Jason Voorhees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf0d39f96c9087fa2bf110955cb309f9", "text": "Another Day Another Life Another Day Another Life is a 2009 American suspense thriller film produced , edited , and directed by Rohit Gupta . It 's about a man , Jason , played by Benjamin Jacobs , who struggles to repress his killer instinct as he approaches the planned killing of his lover . The film was selected to showcase at the Short Film Corner - Cannes Film Festival 2009 . It received critical acclaim at its festival run winning awards & nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a57c4c1600bd32d4d0b55cdfe1243a74", "text": "The Cell The Cell is a 2000 American science fiction horror film directed by Tarsem Singh in his directorial debut , and starring Jennifer Lopez , Vince Vaughn and Vincent D'Onofrio . It received mixed reviews upon its release , with critics praising its visuals , direction , make-up , costumes and D'Onofrio 's performance , while criticizing its Silence of the Lambs-inspired plot , an emphasis on style rather than substance , and masochistic imagery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bcb7743a5aa6c92b3af8db8f1d1a14b", "text": "Lady Jennifer (film) Lady Jennifer is a 1915 British silent drama film directed by James Warry Vickers and starring Barbara Rutland and Harry Royston . The film was an adaptation of the novel of the same title by John Strange Winter .", "title": "" } ]
fever
edb75d66bca7ceb026bf7ddc2e3b5fcf
Vitamin B12 is an organic compound and vital nutrient.
[ { "docid": "24a5fa6a3262b3c5dda9ca3d5b28c543", "text": "Vitamin A vitamin is an organic compound and a vital nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts . An organic chemical compound ( or related set of compounds ) is called a vitamin when the organism can not synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities , and it must be obtained through the diet ; thus , the term vitamin is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular organism . For example , ascorbic acid ( one form of vitamin C ) is a vitamin for humans , but not for most other animal organisms . Supplementation is important for the treatment of certain health problems , but there is little evidence of nutritional benefit when used by otherwise healthy people . By convention the term vitamin does not include other essential nutrients , such as dietary minerals , essential fatty acids , essential amino acids ( which are needed in greater amounts than vitamins ) or the many other nutrients that promote health , and are required less often to maintain the health of the organism . Thirteen vitamins are universally recognized at present . Vitamins are classified by their biological and chemical activity , not their structure . Thus , each vitamin refers to a number of vitamer compounds that all show the biological activity associated with a particular vitamin . Such a set of chemicals is grouped under an alphabetized vitamin `` generic descriptor '' title , such as `` vitamin A '' , which includes the compounds retinal , retinol , and four known carotenoids . Vitamers by definition are convertible to the active form of the vitamin in the body , and are sometimes inter-convertible to one another , as well . Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions . Some , such as vitamin D , have hormone-like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism , or regulators of cell and tissue growth and differentiation ( such as some forms of vitamin A ) . Others function as antioxidants ( e.g. , vitamin E and sometimes vitamin C ) . The largest number of vitamins , the B complex vitamins , function as enzyme cofactors ( coenzymes ) or the precursors for them ; coenzymes help enzymes in their work as catalysts in metabolism . In this role , vitamins may be tightly bound to enzymes as part of prosthetic groups : For example , biotin is part of enzymes involved in making fatty acids . They may also be less tightly bound to enzyme catalysts as coenzymes , detachable molecules that function to carry chemical groups or electrons between molecules . For example , folic acid may carry methyl , formyl , and methylene groups in the cell . Although these roles in assisting enzyme-substrate reactions are vitamins ' best-known function , the other vitamin functions are equally important . Until the mid-1930s , when the first commercial yeast-extract vitamin B complex and semi-synthetic vitamin C supplement tablets were sold , vitamins were obtained solely through food intake , and changes in diet ( which , for example , could occur during a particular growing season ) usually greatly altered the types and amounts of vitamins ingested . However , vitamins have been produced as commodity chemicals and made widely available as inexpensive semisynthetic and synthetic-source multivitamin dietary and food supplements and additives , since the middle of the 20th century . Study of structural activity , function and their role in maintaining health is called vitaminology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86230a2713665557ffafafe5a92f049a", "text": "Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 , also called cobalamin , is a water-soluble vitamin that has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system , and the formation of red blood cells . It is one of eight B vitamins . It is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body , especially affecting DNA synthesis , fatty acid and amino acid metabolism . No fungi , plants , or animals ( including humans ) are capable of producing vitamin B12 . Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes needed for its synthesis . Some substantial sources of B12 include animal products ( shellfish , meat ) , fortified food products , and dietary supplements . B12 is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin and can be produced industrially only through bacterial fermentation synthesis , typically used to manufacture B12 for fortified foods and supplements . Vitamin B12 consists of a class of chemically related compounds ( vitamers ) , all of which show pharmacological activity . It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt ( chemical symbol Co ) positioned in the center of a planar tetra-pyrrole ring called a corrin ring . The vitamer is produced by bacteria as hydroxocobalamin , but conversion between different forms of the vitamin occurs in the body after consumption . Vitamin B12 was discovered as a result of its relationship to the disease pernicious anemia , an autoimmune disease in which parietal cells of the stomach responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are destroyed ; these cells are also responsible for secreting acid in the stomach . Because intrinsic factor is crucial for the normal absorption of B12 , its lack in the presence of pernicious anemia causes a vitamin B12 deficiency . Many other subtler kinds of vitamin B12 deficiency and their biochemical effects have since been elucidated . Due to impairment of vitamin B12 absorption during aging , people over age 60 are at risk of deficiency .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "fc7f9fd3c82dc76e1d3e1a892687ee7c", "text": "Metal-organic framework Metal-organic frameworks ( MOFs ) are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one - , two - , or three-dimensional structures . They are a subclass of coordination polymers , with the special feature that they are often porous . The organic ligands included are sometimes referred to as `` struts '' , one example being 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid ( BDC ) . More formally , a metal -- organic framework is a coordination network with organic ligands containing potential voids . A coordination network is a coordination compound extending , through repeating coordination entities , in one dimension , but with cross-links between two or more individual chains , loops , or spiro-links , or a coordination compound extending through repeating coordination entities in two or three dimensions ; and finally a coordination polymer is a coordination compound with repeating coordination entities extending in one , two , or three dimensions . In some cases , the pores are stable during elimination of the guest molecules ( often solvents ) and could be refilled with other compounds . Because of this property , MOFs are of interest for the storage of gases such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide . Other possible applications of MOFs are in gas purification , in gas separation , in catalysis , as sensors and as supercapacitors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef4cd8eac2131d23aab085f1d2dddc0", "text": "Fat Fat is one of the three main macronutrients , along with carbohydrate and protein . '' '' Fats , also known as triglycerides , are esters of three fatty acid chains and the alcohol glycerol . The terms `` oil '' , `` fat '' , and `` lipid '' are often confused . `` Oil '' normally refers to a fat with short or unsaturated fatty acid chains that is liquid at room temperature , while `` fat '' may specifically refer to fats that are solids at room temperature . `` Lipid '' is the general term , though a lipid is not necessarily a triglyceride . Fats , like other lipids , are generally hydrophobic , and are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water . Fat is an important foodstuff for many forms of life , and fats serve both structural and metabolic functions . They are a necessary part of the diet of most heterotrophs ( including humans ) . Some fatty acids that are set free by the digestion of fats are called essential because they can not be synthesized in the body from simpler constituents . There are two essential fatty acids ( EFAs ) in human nutrition : alpha-linolenic acid ( an omega-3 fatty acid ) and linoleic acid ( an omega-6 fatty acid ) . Other lipids needed by the body can be synthesized from these and other fats . Fats and other lipids are broken down in the body by enzymes called lipases produced in the pancreas . Fats and oils are categorized according to the number and bonding of the carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain . Fats that are saturated fats have no double bonds between the carbons in the chain . Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonded carbons in the chain . The nomenclature is based on the non-acid ( non-carbonyl ) end of the chain . This end is called the omega end or the n-end . Thus alpha-linolenic acid is called an omega-3 fatty acid because the 3rd carbon from that end is the first double bonded carbon in the chain counting from that end . Some oils and fats have multiple double bonds and are therefore called polyunsaturated fats . Unsaturated fats can be further divided into cis fats , which are the most common in nature , and trans fats , which are rare in nature . Unsaturated fats can be altered by reaction with hydrogen effected by a catalyst . This action , called hydrogenation , tends to break all the double bonds and makes a fully saturated fat . To make vegetable shortening , then , liquid cis '' - unsaturated fats such as vegetable oils are hydrogenated to produce saturated fats , which have more desirable physical properties e.g. , they melt at a desirable temperature ( 30 -- 40 ° C ) , and store well , whereas polyunsaturated oils go rancid when they react with oxygen in the air . However , trans fats are generated during hydrogenation as contaminants created by an unwanted side reaction on the catalyst during partial hydrogenation . Saturated fats can stack themselves in a closely packed arrangement , so they can solidify easily and are typically solid at room temperature . For example , animal fats tallow and lard are high in saturated fatty acid content and are solids . Olive and linseed oils on the other hand are unsaturated and liquid . Fats serve both as energy sources for the body , and as stores for energy in excess of what the body needs immediately . Each gram of fat when burned or metabolized releases about 9 food calories ( 37 kJ = 8.8 kcal ) . Fats are broken down in the healthy body to release their constituents , glycerol and fatty acids . Glycerol itself can be converted to glucose by the liver and so become a source of energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432979125a81fbf088bdec2b7a339a8f", "text": "Organic geochemistry Organic geochemistry is the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on the Earth . The study of organic geochemistry is usually traced to the work of Alfred E. Treibs , `` the father of organic geochemistry . '' Treibs first isolated metalloporphyrins from petroleum . This discovery established the biological origin of petroleum , which was previously poorly understood . Metalloporphyrins in general are highly stable organic compounds , and the detailed structures of the extracted derivatives made clear that they originated from chlorophyll . The relationship between the occurrence of organic compounds in sedimentary deposits and petroleum deposits has long been of interest . Studies of ancient sediments and rock provide insights into the origins and sources of oil petroleum geochemistry and the biochemical antecedents of life . Modern organic geochemistry includes studies of recent sediments to understand the carbon cycle , climate change , and ocean processes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d2d3eb2d257c93ec97b2371e4cc78f", "text": "Saprotrophic nutrition Saprotrophic nutrition -LSB- sæprəˈtrɒfɪk , _ - proʊ - -RSB- or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of dead or decayed organic matter . It occurs in saprotrophs or heterotrophs , and is most often associated with fungi ( for example Mucor ) and soil bacteria . Saprotrophic microscopic fungi are sometimes called saprobes ; saprotrophic plants or bacterial flora are called saprophytes ( sapro - + - phyte , `` rotten material '' + `` plant '' ) . The process is most often facilitated through the active transport of such materials through endocytosis within the internal mycelium and its constituent hyphae . Various word roots relating to decayed matter ( detritus , sapro ) , eating and nutrition ( - vore , - phage ) , and plants or life forms ( - phyte , - obe ) produce various terms , such as detritivore , detritophage , saprotroph , saprophyte , saprophage , and saprobe ; their meanings overlap , although technical distinctions ( based on physiologic mechanisms ) narrow the senses . For example , usage distinctions can be made based on macroscopic swallowing of detritus ( as an earthworm does ) versus microscopic lysis of detritus ( as a mushroom does ) . A facultative saprophyte appears on stressed or dying plants and may combine with the live pathogens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c143eec1f9b5278a1c54aaaaed2442", "text": "Cellulosome Cellulosomes are multi-enzyme complexes . The cellulosomes are associated with the cell surface and mediate cell attachment to the insoluble substrate and degrade it to soluble products which are then absorbed . Cellulosome complexes are intricate multi-enzyme machines produced by many cellulolytic microorganisms ( cellulosome producing bacteria are listed below ) . They are designed by the microorganisms for efficient degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides , notably cellulose -- the most abundant organic polymer on Earth . The multiple subunits of cellulosomes are composed of numerous functional domains which interact with each other and with the cellulosic substrate . One of these subunits , a large glycoprotein , which we called `` scaffoldin '' , comprises a distinctive new class of non-catalytic scaffolding polypeptide . The scaffoldin subunit selectively integrates the various cellulases and xylanase subunits into the cohesive complex , by combining its `` cohesin '' domains with a typical `` dockerin '' domain present on each of the subunit enzymes . The scaffoldin of some cellulosomes , an example being that of Clostridium thermocellum , contains a carbohydrate-binding module that adheres cellulose to the cellulosomal complex . Cellulosomes exist as extracellular complexes that are either attached to the cell wall of bacteria or free in solution , where the insoluble substrate can be broken down into soluble products and taken up by the cell . The large size and heterogeneity of cellulosomes from the best-characterized organisms ( i.e. , C. thermocellum , C. cellulolyticum , and C. cellulovorans ) have greatly complicated efforts to probe cellulosome structure and function . Other cellulosome systems ( such as those from Acetivibrio cellulolyticus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens ) appear to be even more intricate . The cellulosome consists of a multi-functional integrating subunit ( called scaffoldin ) , responsible for organizing the various cellulolytic subunits ( e.g. , the enzymes ) into the complex . Within a cellulosome , multiple endoglucanases , cellobiohydrolases , xylanases and other degradative enzymes work synergistically to attack heterogeneous , insoluble cellulose substrates . This is accomplished by the interaction of two complementary classes of module , located on the two separate types of interacting subunits , i.e. , a cohesin module on the scaffoldin and a dockerin module on each enzymatic subunit . The high-affinity cohesin-dockerin interaction defines the cellulosome structure . Attachment of the cellulosome to its substrate is mediated by a scaffoldin-borne cellulose-binding module ( CBM ) that comprises part of the scaffoldin subunit . Much of our understanding of its catalytic components , architecture , and mechanisms of attachment to the bacterial cell and to cellulose , has been derived from the study of Clostridium thermocellum . Applications : Intelligent application of cellulosome hybrids and chimeric constructs ( `` nanosomes '' ) of cellulosomal domains should enable better use of cellulosic biomass and may offer a wide range of novel applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8fda248614e90e7ba5efaaa8867a482", "text": "Abiogenesis Abiogenesis ( British English : -LSB- ˌeɪˌbaɪoʊˈdʒɛnᵻsᵻs , _ - ˌbaɪə - -RSB- , -LSB- - en - ˌbiːoʊ - , _ - ˌbiːə - -RSB- ) , biopoiesis , \\ \\ or informally , the origin of life , is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter , such as simple organic compounds . Abiogenesis is studied through a combination of paleontology , laboratory experiments and extrapolation from the characteristics of modern organisms , and aims to determine how pre-life chemical reactions gave rise to life on Earth . The study of abiogenesis can be geophysical , chemical , or biological , with more recent approaches attempting a synthesis of all three . Life itself is dependent upon the specialized chemistry of carbon and water and is largely based upon five different families of chemicals . Lipids are fatty molecules comprising large chemical chains of hydrocarbons and play an important role in the structure of living cell membranes , actively and passively determining the transport of other molecules into and out of cells . Carbohydrates are sugars , and as monomer units can be assembled into polymers called polysaccharides , such as cellulose , the rigid chemical of most plant cell walls . Nitrogenous bases are organic molecules in which the amine group of nitrogen , combined with two hydrogen atoms , plays an important part . Chlorophyll is based upon a porphyrin ring derived from amine monomer units , and is important in the capture of the energy needed for life . Nucleic acid monomers are made from a carbohydrate monosaccharide a nitrogenous base and one or more high energy phosphate groups . When joined together they form either the unit of inheritance , the gene , made from DNA or RNA , which translates the genetic information into protein structures . The monomer unit of a protein is usually one of 20 amino acids , comprising an amine group , a hydrocarbon , and a carboxylic acid . Through a condensation reaction , in which the carboxylic acid of one amino acid is linked to the amine of another with removal of a water molecule , a peptide bond is formed . Polymers of amino acids are termed proteins and these molecules provide many catalytic metabolic functions for living processes . Any successful theory of abiogenesis must explain the origins and interactions of these five classes of molecules . Many approaches to abiogenesis investigate how self-replicating molecules , or their components , came into existence . It is generally thought that current life on Earth is descended from an RNA world , although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed . The classic Miller -- Urey experiment and similar research demonstrated that most amino acids , the basic chemical constituents of the proteins used in all living organisms , can be synthesized from inorganic compounds under conditions intended to replicate those of the early Earth . Various external sources of energy that may have triggered these reactions have been proposed , including lightning and radiation . Other approaches ( `` metabolism-first '' hypotheses ) focus on understanding how catalysis in chemical systems on the early Earth might have provided the precursor molecules necessary for self-replication . Complex organic molecules have been found in the Solar System and in interstellar space , and these molecules may have provided starting material for the development of life on Earth . The panspermia hypothesis alternatively suggests that microscopic life was distributed to the early Earth by meteoroids , asteroids and other small Solar System bodies and that life may exist throughout the Universe . It is speculated that the biochemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang , 13.8 billion years ago , during a habitable epoch when the age of the universe was only 10 to 17 million years . The panspermia hypothesis proposes that life originated outside the Earth , not how life came to be . Nonetheless , Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life , and fossil evidence from the Earth informs most studies of abiogenesis . More than 99 % of all species of life forms , amounting to over five billion species , that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct . The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years ; the earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago , and possibly as early as the Eoarchean Era , after geological crust started to solidify following the molten Hadean Eon . In May 2017 , evidence of the earliest known life on land may have been found in 3.48-billion-year-old geyserite and other related mineral deposits ( often found around hot springs and geysers ) uncovered in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia . However , there have been a number of discoveries that suggested the earliest appearance of life on Earth was even earlier in time . Currently , microfossils within hydrothermal vent precipitates dated from 3.77 to 4.28 billion years old found in Quebec , Canada may be the oldest record of life on Earth , suggesting `` an almost instantaneous emergence of life '' after ocean formation 4.4 billion years ago . According to biologist Stephen Blair Hedges , `` If life arose relatively quickly on Earth ... then it could be common in the universe . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1adc74607f46f7e51d456424dbbb3590", "text": "Food Balance Sheet Food balance sheet shows the a brief picture of the pattern of the food supply of a country . For each food item , it sketches the primary commodity availability for human consumption i.e. the sources of supply and its utilization in terms of nutrient value . A food balance sheet is a comprehensive compilation of a selected country 's food supply during a specific time period . The food balance sheet shows the food items for human consumption , along with how it is produced , used , imported/exported , and how it benefits the society ( per capita supply ) . The total quantity produced in a country added to the total quantity imported and adjusted to any change in stocks that may have occurred since the beginning of the reference period gives the supply available during that period . On the utilization side a distinction is made between the quantities exported , fed to livestock + used for seed , losses during storage and transportation , and food supplies available for human consumption . The per capita supply of each such food item available for human consumption is then obtained by dividing the respective quantity by the related data on the population actually partaking in it . Data on per capita food supplies are expressed in terms of quantity and by applying appropriate food composition factors for all primary and processed products also in terms of dietary energy value , protein and fat content . The food balance sheet covers production , trade , feed and seed , waste , other utilization , availability , quantities , calories , proteins , and fats . By combining these elements , one is able to detect the food security of a country , how reliant it is on imported crops/foodstuffs , and how it attributes to world exports . According to Margaret Buchanan-Smith of the tatti Overseas Development Institute , London , the food balance sheet is the most traditional and widely used method of translating `` early warning data into food aid requirements . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7f4a8a77fe1de598375113700bf8712", "text": "Castle factors Castle ( gastric ) factors , named after the American physician and physiologist W. B. Castle , are biologically active chemical compounds which stimulate haematopoiesis ( formation of blood cellular components ) . There are two distinct factors : Extrinsic factor , much more commonly known as vitamin B12 Intrinsic factor , a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach , which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84021324e103c20bc60c5926536d8753", "text": "Phytobiome A phytobiome is a plant ( phyto ) in a specific geophysical site ( biome ) that consists of its associated micro - and macro-organisms , other plants and animals , as well as the environment . The associated organisms , which may be inside , on the surface , adjacent to or influencing a plant , include a wide diversity of microbes ( viruses , bacteria , fungi , oomycetes , and algae ) , animals ( arthropods , worms , nematodes , and rodents , for example ) , and other plants . The environment includes the physical and chemical environment influencing plants and their associated organisms , and therefore , the soil , air , water , and climate . Interactions within phytobiomes are dynamic and profoundly affect plant and agroecosystem health , which in turn impacts soil fertility , crop yields , and food quality and safety . Enhanced knowledge of the networks within a phytobiome can be translated into new tools for agriculture and natural resource preservation . The sphere of relevance of phytobiomes is broad , spanning from crops ( commodity crops , fruits , vegetables , forest , and specialty and bioenergy crops ) , rangelands , grasslands , and natural ecosystems to consumer products , including the quality , nutritional value , and safety of our foods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d97178e28e997ad2c57b063a27492187", "text": "Vitamin C (disambiguation) Vitamin C is an essential nutrient , usually ingested as ascorbic acid . The oxidized form , dehydroascorbic acid , can also be absorbed from the diet , and has similar antiscorbutic effects . Vitamin C may also refer to : Vitamin C megadosage , high doses used in an attempt to obtain specific therapeutic effects Vitamin C deficiency or scurvy Vitamin C and the common cold Vitamin C and the Common Cold ( book ) by Linus Pauling Caffeine , as a slang term Vitamin C ( singer ) , Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick , an American pop music singer , dancer and actress Vitamin C ( album ) , her self-titled debut album `` Vitamin C '' ( song ) , a song by the band Can sv : Vitamin C", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e581775c6871068af28a051c97f412f7", "text": "Lead compound A lead compound ( i.e. a `` leading '' compound , not lead metal ) in drug discovery is a chemical compound that has pharmacological or biological activity likely to be therapeutically useful , but may still have suboptimal structure that requires modification to fit better to the target . Lead drugs are followed by back-up compounds . Its chemical structure is used as a starting point for chemical modifications in order to improve potency , selectivity , or pharmacokinetic parameters . Furthermore , newly invented pharmacologically active moieties may have poor druglikeness and may require chemical modification to become drug-like enough to be tested biologically or clinically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3d82f54c5cadc29de56ceedd0e1b129", "text": "Divinylether fatty acids Divinylether fatty acids contain a fatty acid chemically combined with a doubly unsaturated carbon chain linked by an oxygen atom ( ether ) . Fatty acid hydroperoxides generated by plant lipoxygenases from linoleic and linolenic acids are known to serve as substrates for a divinyl ether synthase which produces divinyl ether fatty acids . Up to date divinyl ethers were detected only within the plant kingdom . The discovery of that class of compounds dates back to 1972 , when the structures of two ether C18 fatty acids generated by homogenates of the potato tuber were described . These compounds , named colneleic acid ( from linoleic acid ) and colnelenicacid ( from linolenic acid ) , could be also produced in potato leaves and tomato roots by rearrangement of 9-hydroperoxides . Isomers of colneleic and colnelenic acids were isolated from homogenates of leaves of Clematis vitalba ( Ranunculaceae ) . Similarly , 13-lipoxygenase-generated hydroperoxides serve as precursor of other divinyl ether fatty acids which are produced in bulbs of garlic or Ranunculus leaves . These compounds were named etheroleic and etherolenic acids . Etheroleic acid has systematic name 12 - -LSB- 1 ′ E-hexenyloxy -RSB- -9 Z,11Z-dodecadienoic acid . Etherolenic acid has systematic name ( 9Z ,11 E ,1 ` E ,3 ` Z ) -12 - ( 1 ' ,3 ' - Hexadienyloxy ) -9,11 - dodecadienoic acid . The physiological significance of divinyl ethers is still not fully studied . As infection of potato leaves leads to increased levels of divinyl ether synthase , it was suggested that this pathway could be of importance in the defense of plants against attacking pathogens . Similar structures have been discovered in the brown alga Laminaria sinclairii , with 18 or 20 carbons and 4 , 5 or 6 double bonds , and in the red alga Polyneura latissima , with 20 carbons and 5 double bonds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e137661c16f4849435231f6404334ab1", "text": "Backbone chain In polymer science , the backbone chain of a polymer is the longest series of covalently bonded atoms that together create the continuous chain of the molecule . This science is subdivided into the study of organic polymers , which consist of a carbon backbone , and inorganic polymers which have backbones containing only main group elements . In biochemistry , organic backbone chains make up the primary structure of macromolecules . The backbones of these biological macromolecules consist of central chains of covalently bonded atoms . The characteristics and order of the monomer residues in the backbone make a map for the complex structure biological polymers . The backbone is , therefore , directly related to biological molecules ' function . The macromolecules within the body can be divided into four main subcategories , each of which are involved in very different and important biological processes : Proteins , Carbohydrates , Lipids , and Nucleic acids . Each of these molecules has a different backbone and consists of different monomers each with distinctive residues and functionalities . This is the driving factor of their different structures and functions in the body . Although lipids have a `` backbone , '' they are not true biological polymers as their backbone is a three carbon molecule , glycerol , with longer substituent `` side chains . '' For this reason , only proteins , carbohydrates , and nucleic acids should be considered as biological macromolecules with polymeric backbones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edc9b148f9c64f845b921ae28b502de6", "text": "Selenium Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34 . It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table , sulfur and tellurium . It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth 's crust . Selenium ( Greek σελήνη selene meaning `` Moon '' ) was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius , who noted the similarity of the new element to the previously discovered tellurium ( named for the Earth ) . Selenium is found in metal sulfide ores , where it partially replaces the sulfur . Commercially , selenium is produced as a byproduct in the refining of these ores , most often during production . Minerals that are pure selenide or selenate compounds are known but rare . The chief commercial uses for selenium today are glassmaking and pigments . Selenium is a semiconductor and is used in photocells . Applications in electronics , once important , have been mostly supplanted by silicon semiconductor devices . Selenium is still used in a few types of DC power surge protectors and one type of fluorescent quantum dot . Selenium salts are toxic in large amounts , but trace amounts are necessary for cellular function in many organisms , including all animals . Selenium is an ingredient in many multivitamins and other dietary supplements , including infant formula . It is a component of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase ( which indirectly reduce certain oxidized molecules in animals and some plants ) . It is also found in three deiodinase enzymes , which convert one thyroid hormone to another . Selenium requirements in plants differ by species , with some plants requiring relatively large amounts and others apparently requiring none .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15f9f3f0dff6c1af2c9d01bc02d52077", "text": "Taurine Taurine ( -LSB- ˈtɔːriːn -RSB- ) , or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid , is an organic compound that is widely distributed in animal tissues . It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine , and accounts for up to 0.1 % of total human body weight . Taurine has many fundamental biological roles , such as conjugation of bile acids , antioxidation , osmoregulation , membrane stabilization , and modulation of calcium signaling . It is essential for cardiovascular function , and development and function of skeletal muscle , the retina , and the central nervous system . Taurine is unusual among biological molecules in being a sulfonic acid , while the vast majority of biologically occurring acids contain the more weakly acidic carboxyl group . While taurine is sometimes called an amino acid , and indeed is an acid containing an amino group , it is not an amino acid in the usual biochemical meaning of the term , which refers to compounds containing both an amino and a carboxyl group . Taurine is named after the Latin taurus ( a cognate of the Greek ταῦρος ) which means bull or ox , as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18026fc25f87c42b3a0322494747fb2a", "text": "Biologist A biologist , is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology , the scientific study of life . Biologists involved in fundamental research attempt to explore and further explain the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of living matter . Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve more specific processes and understanding , in fields such as medicine , industry and agriculture . While `` biologist '' can apply to any scientist studying biology , most biologists research and specialise in specific fields . In this way , biologists investigate large-scale organism interactions ( ecology ) , whole multicellular organisms , organs , tissues , cells , and small-scale cellular and molecular processes . Other biologists study less direct aspects of life , such as phylogeny and evolution . Biologists conduct research based on the scientific method , to test the validity of a theory , with hypothesis formation , experimentation and documentation of methods and data . There are many types of biologists . Some work on microorganisms , while others study multicellular organisms . There is much overlap between different fields of biology such as botany , zoology , microbiology , genetics and evolutionary biology , and it is often difficult to classify a biologist as only one of them . Many jobs in biology as a field require an academic degree . A doctorate or its equivalent is generally required to direct independent research , and involves a specialization in a specific area of biology . Many biological scientists work in research and development . Some conduct fundamental research to advance our knowledge of living organisms , including bacteria and other pathogens . This research enhances understanding and adds to the scientific database of literature . Furthermore , it often aids the development of solutions to problems in areas such as human health and the natural environment . These biological scientists mostly work in government , university , and private industry laboratories . Many expand on specialized research that they started in post-graduate qualifications , such as a doctorate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b753e69f3504f43686b031d11054f58b", "text": "The central science Chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in connecting the physical sciences , which include chemistry , with the life sciences and applied sciences such as medicine and engineering . The nature of this relationship is one of the main topics in the philosophy of chemistry and in scientometrics . The phrase was popularized by its use in a textbook by Theodore L. Brown and H. Eugene LeMay , titled Chemistry : The Central Science , which was first published in 1977 , with a thirteenth edition published in 2014 . The central role of chemistry can be seen in the systematic and hierarchical classification of the sciences by Auguste Comte in which each discipline provides a more general framework for the area it precedes ( mathematics → astronomy → physics → chemistry → physiology and medicine → social sciences ) . Balaban and Klein have more recently proposed a diagram showing partial ordering of sciences in which chemistry may be argued is `` the central science '' since it provides a significant degree of branching . In forming these connections the lower field can not be fully reduced to the higher ones . It is recognized that the lower fields possess emergent ideas and concepts that do not exist in the higher fields of science . Thus chemistry is built on an understanding of laws of physics that govern particles such as atoms , protons , electrons , thermodynamics , etc. although it has been shown that it has not been `` fully ` reduced ' to quantum mechanics '' . Concepts such as the periodicity of the elements and chemical bonds in chemistry are emergent in that they are more than the underlying forces that are defined by physics . In the same way , biology can not be fully reduced to chemistry despite the fact that the machinery that is responsible for life is composed of molecules . For instance , the machinery of evolution may be described in terms of chemistry by the understanding that it is a mutation in the order of genetic base pairs in the DNA of an organism . However , chemistry can not fully describe the process since it does not contain concepts such as natural selection that are responsible for driving evolution . Chemistry is fundamental to biology since it provides a methodology for studying and understanding the molecules that compose cells . Connections made by chemistry are formed through various sub-disciplines that utilize concepts from multiple scientific disciplines . Chemistry and physics are both needed in the areas of physical chemistry , nuclear chemistry , and theoretical chemistry . Chemistry and biology intersect in the areas of biochemistry , medicinal chemistry , molecular biology , chemical biology , molecular genetics , and immunochemistry . Chemistry and the earth sciences intersect in areas like geochemistry and hydrology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "969dc720030aac9a2ad2a7dd6ccb70d8", "text": "Folate Folate , forms of which are known as folic acid and vitamin B9 , is one of the B vitamins . The recommended daily intake level of folate is 400 micrograms from foods or dietary supplements . Folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folic acid deficiency . It is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects ( NTDs ) in the baby . Low levels in early pregnancy are believed to be the cause of more than half of babies born with neural tube defects . More than 50 countries use fortification of certain foods with folic acid as a measure to decrease the rate of NTDs in the population . Long term supplementation is also associated with small reductions in the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease . It may be taken by mouth or by injection . There are no common side effects . It is not known whether high doses over a long period of time are of concern . There are concerns that large amounts of folic acid might hide vitamin B12 deficiency . Folic acid is essential for the body to make DNA , RNA , and metabolise amino acids which are required for cell division . As humans can not make folic acid , it is required from the diet , making it an essential vitamin . Not consuming enough folate can lead to folate deficiency . This may result in a type of anemia in which low numbers of large red blood cells occur . Symptoms may include feeling tired , heart palpitations , shortness of breath , open sores on the tongue , and changes in the color of the skin or hair . Deficiency in children may develop within a month of poor dietary intake . In adults normal total body folate is between 10,000 -- 30,000 micrograms ( µg ) with blood levels of greater than 7 nmol/L ( 3 ng/mL ) . Folic acid was discovered between 1931 and 1943 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . The wholesale cost of supplements in the developing world is between 0.001 and 0.005 USD per dose as of 2014 . The term `` folic '' is from the Latin word folium , which means leaf . Folates occur naturally in many foods especially dark green leafy vegetables and liver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8705450fb2a847fb72ca6575f3b2249", "text": "Health food Health food is food considered normally beneficial to human health a normal healthy diet required for human nutrition . No human being is the same as any other , different dietary practices can be considered healthy by different people . Foods marketed as `` healthy '' may be natural foods , organic foods , whole foods , and sometimes vegetarian or dietary supplements . Such products are sold in health food stores or in the health/organic sections of supermarkets .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d8723cc954ee1e842ceff73a2cd62848
Linux is software that does not cost money and is available for unrestricted modification.
[ { "docid": "c7c5abb2c5b616403867a2103d592636", "text": "Free and open-source software Free and open-source software ( FOSS ) is computer software that can be classified as both free software and open-source software . That is , anyone is freely licensed to use , copy , study , and change the software in any way , and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software . This is in contrast to proprietary software , where the software is under restrictive copyright and the source code is usually hidden from the users . The benefits of using FOSS can include decreasing software costs , increasing security and stability ( especially in regard to malware ) , protecting privacy , and giving users more control over their own hardware . Free , open-source operating systems such as Linux and descendents of BSD are widely utilized today , powering millions of servers , desktops , smartphones ( e.g. Android ) , and other devices . Free software licenses and open-source licenses are used by many software packages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e5a41953645f6a25bf045499f8330a1", "text": "Linux Linux ( pronounced -LSB- - en audio = Linus-linux . oggˈlɪnəks -RSB- or , less frequently , -LSB- ˈlaɪnəks -RSB- ) is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution . The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 by Linus Torvalds . The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system , which has led to some controversy . Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture , but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system . Because of the dominance of Android on smartphones , Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems . Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers , and is used on 99.6 % of the TOP500 supercomputers . It is used by around 2.3 % of desktop computers . The Chromebook , which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS , dominates the US K -- 12 education market and represents nearly 20 % of the sub - $ 300 notebook sales in the US . Linux also runs on embedded systems -- devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system . This includes TiVo and similar DVR devices , network routers , facility automation controls , televisions , video game consoles and smartwatches . Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives . The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration . The underlying source code may be used , modified and distributedcommercially or non-commerciallyby anyone under the terms of its respective licenses , such as the GNU General Public License . Typically , Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution ( or distro for short ) for both desktop and server use . Some of the most popular mainstream Linux distributions are Arch Linux , CentOS , Debian , Fedora , Gentoo Linux , Linux Mint , Mageia , openSUSE and Ubuntu , together with commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . Distributions include the Linux kernel , supporting utilities and libraries , many of which are provided by the GNU Project , and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distribution 's intended use . Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system , such as X11 , Mir or a Wayland implementation , and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or the KDE Software Compilation ; some distributions may also include a less resource-intensive desktop , such as LXDE or Xfce . Distributions intended to run on servers may omit all graphical environments from the standard install , and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP . Because Linux is freely redistributable , anyone may create a distribution for any intended use .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "baa920e4d0848daf189dfc1de21d6330", "text": "Legal aspects of computing Legal aspects of computing are related to the overlapping areas of law and computing . The first one , historically , was information technology law ( or IT law ) . ( `` IT law '' should not be confused with the IT aspects of law itself , although there are overlapping issues . ) IT law consists of the law ( statutes , regulations , and caselaw ) which governs the digital dissemination of both ( digitalized ) information and software itself ( see history of free and open-source software ) , and legal aspects of information technology more broadly . IT law covers mainly the digital information ( including information security and electronic commerce ) aspects and it has been described as `` paper laws '' for a `` paperless environment '' . Cyberlaw or Internet law is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of the Internet . It is less a distinct field of law than intellectual property or contract law , as it is a domain covering many areas of law and regulation . Some leading topics include internet access and usage , privacy , freedom of expression , and jurisdiction . `` Computer law '' is a third term which tends to relate to issues including both Internet law and the patent and copyright aspects of computer technology and software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5dca72a680da92fd850e06bcb2dd94d", "text": "Symphony OS Symphony OS , SymphonyOne or Symphony Linux , is a Live CD Linux-based operating system , developed by Ryan P Quinn , Jason Spisak , and Alexander Drummond . The distribution was dormant until 29 June 2011 , when a new build was released . At first , Symphony OS was based on Knoppix . Since its May 2006 release it is no longer based on Knoppix , but rather on Debian unstable , and features a functional hard drive installer . Symphony OS 2007 Preview , was based on Ubuntu 7.04 . SymphonyOne was released on April 1 , 2008 . The release of version 2008.1 is based on Ubuntu 7.10 . The primary difference between Symphony OS and other distributions is the addition of the Mezzo desktop environment . This environment , like other aspects of Symphony , was designed with an eye towards extreme simplicity and usability . An example is that WLAN-Networks can work automatically with no user action . Symphony also includes its own Mozilla-driven application environment , called Orchestra . Symphony OS uses a custom packaging system utilizing the * . sym package format ; through a simple GUI a user may install any application in the Symphony library without dealing with `` dependency hell '' . Because Symphony is Debian-based , it also supports the Debian package format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f03b346252ac2f5845e452f592e7476", "text": "Software independence The term `` software independence '' ( SI ) was coined by Dr. Ron Rivest and NIST researcher John Wack . A software independent voting machine is one whose tabulation record does not rely solely on software . The goal of an SI system is to definitively determine whether all votes recorded are legitimately or by error . The technical definition of SI is : A voting system is software-independent if an undetected change or error in its software can not cause an undetectable change or error in an election outcome . SI has been redefined as a global property for a tabulation of votes rather than of each individual vote , aiming to detect rather than prevent error and fraud through human processes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825582e57be1ce884ce325e94420f64f", "text": "OpenSUSE version history openSUSE , a popular Linux distribution developed by the community-supported openSUSE Project and sponsored by a number of companies and individuals , most notably SUSE , AMD , B1 Systems , Heinlein Support and IP Exchange . attempts to maintain , promote , improve and document the openSUSE Linux distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e677505bc3530ec99f47fa017a8d540", "text": "Disk operating system A disk operating system ( abbreviated DOS ) is a computer operating system that can use a disk storage device , such as a floppy disk , hard disk drive , or optical disc . A disk operating system must provide a file system for organizing , reading , and writing files on the storage disk . Strictly speaking , this definition does not apply to current generations of operating systems , such as versions of Microsoft Windows in use , and is more appropriately used only for older generations of operating systems . Disk operating systems were available for mainframes , microprocessors and home computers and were usually loaded from the disks themselves as part of the boot process .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "affc9057ce8a4784e75b68980639e888", "text": "Fórum Internacional Software Livre Fórum Internacional do Software Livre ( FISL ) ( International Free Software Forum ) is an event sponsored by Associação Software Livre.Org ( Free Software Association ) , a Brazilian NGO that , among other goals , seeks the promotion and adoption of free software . It takes place every year in Porto Alegre , the capital of Rio Grande Do Sul , the southernmost state of Brazil . The event is meant as a `` get-together '' of students , researchers , social movements for freedom of information , entrepreneurs , Information Technology ( IT ) enterprises , governments , and other interested people . It is considered one of the world ´ s largest free software events , harboring technical , political and social debates in an integrated way . It gathers discussions , speeches , personalities and novelties both national and international in the free software world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8912100f99e01c2688cbb106ea0f4187", "text": "Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented . This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service . There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream . IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications . Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers . `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing . The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients . One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle . The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e2d21f43d6931bd8d752ce14fca131", "text": "History of Linux The history of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel . Since then , the resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history . Since the initial release of its source code in 1991 , it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.2.3 version in 2015 with more than 18 million lines of source code under the GNU General Public License v2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ebdc87ea5dc23a56125f3c9cf13b43d", "text": "License-free software License-free software is computer software that is not explicitly in the public domain , but the software owner has not made explicit the terms of the license which makes the software fully copyright protected according to the Berne convention .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ca13c43c7b52059427c783e55f8653", "text": "Linux on embedded systems Operating systems based on the Linux kernel are used in embedded systems such as consumer electronics ( i.e. set-top boxes , smart TVs , personal video recorders ( PVRs ) , in-vehicle infotainment ( IVI ) , networking equipment ( such as routers , switches , wireless access points ( WAPs ) or wireless routers ) , machine control , industrial automation , navigation equipment , spacecraft flight software , and medical instruments in general ) . Thanks to their versatility , operating systems based on the Linux kernel can be also found in mobile devices that are actually touchscreen-based embedded devices , such as smartphones and tablets , together with personal digital assistants ( PDAs ) and portable media players that also include a touchscreen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1175e3b09a826883752d9ea902e9255", "text": "Sudo sudo ( -LSB- ˈsuːduː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈsuːdoː -RSB- ) is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems that allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user , by default the superuser . It originally stood for `` superuser do '' as the older versions of sudo were designed to run commands only as the superuser . However , the later versions added support for running commands not only as the superuser but also as other ( restricted ) users , and thus it is also commonly expanded as `` substitute user do '' . Although the latter case reflects its current functionality more accurately , sudo is still often called `` superuser do '' since it is so often used for administrative tasks . Unlike the similar command su , users must , by default , supply their own password for authentication , rather than the password of the target user . After authentication , and if the configuration file , which is typically located at / etc/sudoers , permits the user access , the system invokes the requested command . The configuration file offers detailed access permissions , including enabling commands only from the invoking terminal ; requiring a password per user or group ; requiring re-entry of a password every time or never requiring a password at all for a particular command line . It can also be configured to permit passing arguments or multiple commands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039183cbe5754214ae1cfe886c1decc1", "text": "Parabola GNU/Linux-libre Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is a Linux distribution for computers using the i686 and x86-64 architectures . It is based on Arch Linux , and for the ARMv7 architecture based on Arch Linux ARM , but uses only free software . It includes the GNU OS tools and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel . The development focuses on simplicity , community involvement and use of the latest free software packages . Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a completely free operating system . Parabola GNU/Linux-libre uses a rolling release model , such that a regular system update is all that is needed to obtain the latest software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3127bbabf086c5c96e22f97a9a3b3174", "text": "MNOS (operating system) MNOS ( meaning `` MobilNaya Operatsionnaya Sistema '' , or `` Portable Operating System '' ) was a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union . It was derived from Version 6 Unix and consequently heavily modified to incorporate many features of BSD Unix . From 1983 until 1986 it enjoyed significant popularity in the USSR and other Eastern Bloc countries , due to its light weight and better performance than that of Version 7 Unix ( and later BSD Unix-based ) alternatives . Its development was initiated in the IPK Minavtoproma in Moscow in 1981 , and development continued in cooperation from other institutes , including Kurchatov Institute . MNOS and its alternative , DEMOS version 1.x , were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990 resulting in the joint OS , DEMOS version 2.x . MNOS became the first completely bilingual version of Unix , and used the proprietary 8-bit Cyrillic character set , U-code , which was later dropped in favor of KOI-8 in the process of merging with DEMOS . The origin of the version qualifier `` RL '' is `` Rabochaya Loshadka '' ( The working horsy )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea0cb113c2b93779b09085eabe661ac", "text": "LinuxForums.org LinuxForums.org is a community-driven website owned by MAS Media Inc. for Linux users needing free help and support with their Linux distributions and software , and computer hardware . With more than 200,000 registered members , it is one of the most active Linux forums and free software community sites on the Internet . Support is given in different ways in specific forums , such as on a distribution level ( for major distribution such as Red Hat/Fedora Core , Ubuntu , Suse , Slackware , Debian , Gentoo , Arch ) , but also on an operational level ( for areas such as Wireless , Applications , Servers , Networking , Desktop / X Window , Programming & Scripting ) . In November , 2008 the forum changed ownership and did a complete overhaul of the site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05d1b118e6b754e1def4bf2f5546142", "text": "Paldo (operating system) paldo ( `` pure adaptable linux distribution '' ) is a computer operating system built on top of the Linux kernel and using the GNU utilities . It was originally developed by Jürg Billeter and Raffaele Sandrini and released in 2004 , mainly under the GNU GPL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644ad8309e0704f62ac3b9a518f57a92", "text": "Intellectual freedom Intellectual freedom encompasses the freedom to hold , receive and disseminate ideas without restriction . Viewed as an integral component of a democratic society , intellectual freedom protects an individual 's right to access , explore , consider , and express ideas and information as the basis for a self-governing , well-informed citizenry . Intellectual freedom comprises the bedrock for freedoms of expression , speech , and the press and relates to freedoms of information and privacy . The United Nations upholds intellectual freedom as a basic human right through Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which asserts : Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression ; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek , receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers . The institution of libraries in particular values intellectual freedom as part of their mission to provide and protect access to information and ideas . The American Library Association ( ALA ) defines intellectual freedom as `` the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction . It provides for free access to all expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of a question , cause or movement can be explored . '' The modern concept of intellectual freedom developed out of an opposition to book censorship . It is promoted by several professions and movements . These entities include , among others , librarianship , education , and the Free Software Movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d623106db6aefa413f33d87f5dac955f", "text": "GNU GNU -LSB- ɡnuː -RSB- is an operating system and an extensive collection of computer software . GNU is composed wholly of free software , most of which is licensed under the GNU Project 's own GPL . GNU is a recursive acronym for `` GNU 's Not Unix ! '' , chosen because GNU 's design is Unix-like , but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code . The GNU project includes an operating system kernel , GNU HURD , which was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) . However , non-GNU kernels , most famously Linux , can also be used with GNU software ; as the kernel is not yet production-ready , this is how the GNU system is usually used . The combination of GNU software and the Linux kernel is commonly known as Linux ( or less frequently GNU/Linux ; see GNU/Linux naming controversy ) . Richard Stallman , the founder of the project , views GNU as a `` technical means to a social end '' . Relatedly Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman 's book Free Software , Free Society that in it Stallman has written about `` the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0d6a7b9b26e2949bbafbc383aa82335", "text": "Greenware (computing) Greenware is software distributed under the condition that the user does something to help the environment . The term `` greenware '' is a variant on shareware and freeware . Greenware can be distributed free or for charge . In either case the author expects the user to do something `` green '' . That can be a special action like replacing all standard light bulbs with CFLs or a more general application to live more ecologically . A more general approach than greenware is careware , which distributes software in a way that benefits a charity . Greenware can also refer to a combination of computer hardware , software and services , which enables user to minimize the environmental impact of using the computer and lower TCO ( Total Cost of Ownership ) at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dd3da444c1b4568acdb47378c0eade0", "text": "System virtual machine In computing , a system virtual machine is a virtual machine provides a complete system platform which supports the execution of a complete operating system ( OS ) . These usually emulate an existing architecture , and are built with the purpose of either providing a platform to run programs where the real hardware is not available for use ( for example , executing on otherwise obsolete platforms ) , or of having multiple instances of virtual machines leading to more efficient use of computing resources , both in terms of energy consumption and cost effectiveness ( known as hardware virtualization , the key to a cloud computing environment ) , or both . A VM was originally defined by Popek and Goldberg as `` an efficient , isolated duplicate of a real machine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df39db8fcc5a03ae454eb2411dbd1230", "text": "Open-source software security Open-source software security is the measure of assurance or guarantee in the freedom from danger and risk inherent to an open-source software system .", "title": "" } ]
fever
127470f10dd1a86264a2675b3675a11f
Sophie Turner is from Australia.
[ { "docid": "5135b66c86197e6ad15f98e689d810b1", "text": "Sophie Turner Sophie Turner ( born 21 February 1996 ) is an English actress . Turner made her professional acting debut as Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones ( 2011 -- present ) , which brought her international recognition and critical praise . For her performance , she has received four nominations for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series , as well as a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Supporting Young Actress in a TV Series . Turner has also starred in the television film The Thirteenth Tale ( 2013 ) and she made her feature film debut in Another Me ( 2013 ) . She has also starred in the action comedy Barely Lethal ( 2015 ) and played Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc1719cced1e91be72f037f0873bdf0c", "text": "Wendy Turner Webster Wendy Turner-Webster ( born Wendy Turner , 5 June 1967 ) is an English journalist , television presenter and animal welfare campaigner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ca31d077ffb73f64a9edbae9d4204b", "text": "Sophie Charlotte (actress) Sophie Charlotte ( born April 29 , 1989 ) is a German Brazilian actress and ballerina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "560f28611e639041b005f93b22a89208", "text": "Lara Bingle Lara Worthington , known by her maiden name Lara Bingle , ( born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian advertising model and minor media personality . She is best known for appearing in the 2006 Tourism Australia advertising campaign So where the bloody hell are you ? Her own reality television series , Being Lara Bingle , premiered on Network Ten in June 2012 , ending after one season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff7403b4accae1fcdb2d191f262712f4", "text": "Lloyd Turner (journalist) Lloyd Turner ( 2 October 1938 -- 12 September 1996 ) was a newspaper editor in the United Kingdom . Born in Australia , Turner worked on the Newcastle Morning Herald before moving to England to work as a journalist at the Manchester Evening News . He subsequently relocated to London to work on the Daily Express , where he became Father of the Chapel of the newspaper 's National Union of Journalists . During this period , he founded the `` 84 Club '' , a drinking club , with Peter Tory . After working for many years as chief sub editor of the Express , Turner was appointed editor of its stablemate , the Daily Star . He increased its sales , at the expense of the Daily Mirror , but was sacked in 1987 after being convicted of libelling Jeffrey Archer , by claiming that he had had sex with prostitute Monica Coghlan . Archer was awarded a then-record # 500,000 in damages but , in 2001 , Archer was convicted of perjury and perverting the course of justice at the 1987 trial , and was imprisoned . Out of journalism , Turner bought a farm and began rearing bulls , but returned to journalism as an assistant editor of Today , serving until the paper closed . He then worked as an advisor to the National Farmers Union on BSE until his death , at which time he was planning to again return to an editorial post , this time on the Daily Mail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "355125148038058aa5f26fbe0cf03b8f", "text": "Miranda Otto Miranda Otto ( born 16 December 1967 ) is an Australian actress . The daughter of actors Barry and Lindsay Otto , and the sister of actress Gracie Otto , Brisbane-born Miranda began her acting career at age 18 in 1986 , and has appeared in a variety of independent and major studio films . Otto made her major film debut in Emma 's War , in which she played a teenager who moves to Australia 's bush country during World War II . After a decade of critically acclaimed roles in Australian films , Otto gained Hollywood 's attention during the 1990s after appearing in supporting roles in the films The Thin Red Line and What Lies Beneath . She played Éowyn in Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings ( film series ) '' The Lord of the Rings The two Towers and The return of the king .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d70d0bb263a1154509cd2ed7d223c97c", "text": "Sophie Sugar Sophie Sugar is a trance musical artist and producer who has established herself as an international DJ . She is currently signed by Armada Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8d8cb045c9759ca0b9524cf1139dfe0", "text": "Australia's Open Garden Scheme Australia 's Open Garden Scheme was a non-profit organisation that began in Victoria Australia in 1987 but closed its doors in June 2015 due to financial issues . Its aim was to promote the knowledge and pleasure of gardens and gardening across Australia . Under the scheme , private gardens opened for public viewing for one or two weekends a year . About 650 gardens were opened annually across Australia but declining numbers and competition from groups promoting their own events outside of their booklet meant that it was not viable . Each year over 275,000 adults visited open gardens , together with accompanying children . A schedule for openings across Australia was published annually . Tamie Fraser was President of the Open Garden Scheme . The scheme grew out of the practice in Victoria of `` grand '' private gardens in the hill country near Melbourne opening occasionally for public viewing for the benefit of charities . However the scheme did not limit itself to large gardens , with many normal-sized suburban gardens , and even tiny inner-city plots , included . Most openings in the southern , temperate zone occurred between October and May , while tropical gardens open during the winter months . A nominal fee was charged for each viewing . This money was divided with 35 % going to the garden owner or their nominated charity , and 65 % going to the Open Garden Scheme . After funding the scheme operating costs , the remainder was given as grants to community garden projects , with over $ 800,000 in grants being made by the end of 2006 . Additionally garden owners passed on over $ 3.5 million to their nominated charities since the commencement of the scheme . In 2015 new non-for-profit organisations have spring up to carry on some of the tradition in individual states including Open Gardens SA and Open Gardens Victoria . Both schemes aim to educate and promote the enjoyment , knowledge and benefits of gardens and gardening and are promoting a long list of garden openings from spring through to autumn each year . They have attracted good membership numbers and visitor numbers . Unfortunately , no Open Gardens Group has formed in Sydney , but an Open Gardens group exists in the Southern Highlands of NSW , and the famous gardens of Mount Wilson are generally available for viewing all year round ; Spring and Autumn are the most popular seasons . Blue Mountains and Mount Wilson open gardens are listed in detail here . An independent business `` My Open Garden '' also promotes open gardens and gardening events across Australia . A detailed list of 650 or more Open Gardens in Australia is still being constructed . Open Gardens claimed almost 20,000 gardens were opened because of the Scheme 's development . A list of 400 Australian Heritage Gardens is now in Wikipedia . Guide books and web guides to Open Gardens are also published in the UK , and were published in Australia by the ABC . All such lists have now migrated to the web , and are published regularly by Weekend Notes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d859e72bf98a9ac3522cffc76a115507", "text": "Russell Turner Russell William Turner ( born 12 May 1941 ) , an Australian politician , is a councillor of the City of Orange Council , since 2012 . Turner was previously a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Orange between 1996 and 2011 for the Nationals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2939c46c13b7b0ad1c6592c78db4388", "text": "Tanya Hosch Tanya Hosch is an Australian social activist . She is a Torres Strait Islander woman who lives in Adelaide , and is the Joint Campaign Director for RECOGNISE , a position she shares with Tim Gartrell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13045f7b6255a5fc9115aa24431c5930", "text": "Sophie Clarke Sophie Georgina Clarke ( born July 10 , 1989 ) is a reality television personality known for competing in and winning Survivor : South Pacific .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c676a09ca0594d314500b76db3fce0d", "text": "Turneraceae Turneraceae Kunth ex DC . -LSB- t3rn@'raysee -RSB- is a family of flowering plants consisting of 120 species in 10 genera . The Cronquist system placed the Turneracids in the order Violales , but it is not currently recognized as a valid family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in the APG III system of 2009 , which includes the taxa in the Turneraceae in the Passifloraceae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa05ca4ea361c49aab97d227345f8e10", "text": "Georgie Stone Georgie Sarah Jean Robertson Stone ( born 20 May 200 in Melbourne , Australia ) is an Australian transgender advocate who has made appearances on shows such as Four Corners , The Project and Australian Story , as well as various radio appearances . At the age of 10 , Stone was the youngest person to receive hormone blockers in Australia and eventually changed the law requiring transgender children and their families having to apply to the Family Court of Australia to access stage one treatment . She continues to advocate for transgender children , specifically in trying to change the law surrounding access to cross-sex hormones without the interference of the Family Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b34054cf4ab7b0746850fbd95532c6db", "text": "Sophie Delezio Sophie Joy Martin Delezio ( born 3 April 2001 ) is an Australian schoolgirl who gained media attention when she was involved in an accident at the Roundhouse Childcare Centre in Fairlight , Sydney , Australia . She suffered third-degree burns to 85 % of her body and was hospitalised for several weeks where she lost both her legs . Delezio is the first daughter of Ron Delezio and Carolyn Martin and the younger sister of Mitchell Delezio and half sister of Catherine Delezio and John Delezio . Her family has since then become major fundraisers and activists for victims who suffered conditions as Sophie 's , and have also assisted in fundraising for the Children 's Hospital at Westmead in Westmead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f69386a67800db57e1aaaacac1b3a797", "text": "Sophie Langham Sophie Langham is an English actress . She is most famous for playing one half of Walford 's first lesbian couple , in the popular BBC soap opera , EastEnders . Her character , Binnie Roberts , made her first appearance in 1994 and left in 1995 . During her time on the show Langham 's character and her on-screen girlfriend Della Alexander ( Michelle Joseph ) made headlines in the British press when EastEnders screened its first lesbian kiss . EastEnders added to the controversy by making Della and Binnie a mixed-race couple . Coincidentally , Sophie Langham and Michelle Joseph both attended Rose Bruford College within a year of each other . Since leaving EastEnders Langham has appeared in episodes of Jonathan Creek ( 1998 ) ; The Bill ( 1997 ; 2001 ) ; Holby City ( 2003 ) and most recently Doctors ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ad1294fd5861ce7a30e255b8f758424", "text": "Turner Island (Saskatchewan) Turner Island is a small island in Northern Saskatchewan , Canada ; surrounded by Cree Lake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c1b54a3b06875d884c98a59250a38d7", "text": "Katya Kinski Katya Sarah Kinski is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Dichen Lachman . She made her first on-screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 12 December 2005 . Lachman originally auditioned for the role of Elle Robinson . But producers asked her to play Katya instead . Katya is characterised as a `` bitchy nasty person '' with a `` dark past '' . She arrives in Erinsborough to visit her terminally-ill father Alex ( Andrew Clarke ) before he died . She reunites with her younger siblings Rachel ( Caitlin Stasey ) and Zeke Kinski ( Matthew Werkmeister ) . Katya feuds with Susan Kennedy ( Jackie Woodburne ) and Karl Kennedy ( Alan Fletcher ) over custody of her siblings . Lachman believed that her flawed character disliked Susan to justify her own failings as a sister . Writers paired her with psychopath character Robert Robinson ( Adam Hunter ) . He planned to murder her , stalked her and kidnapped her . Katya develops posttraumatic stress disorder and her neighbour Max Hoyland ( Stephen Lovatt ) supports her . Katya falls in love with Max but he remains loyal to his wife . Producers introduced Guy Sykes ( Fletcher Humphrys ) to explore her criminal past . Katya participates in car thefts , is blackmailed and shot by Guy . He then tries to attack her with a defibrillator and later holds her hostage . Other storylines include a romance with Ned Parker ( Daniel O'Connor ) and being run over . Lachman left Neighbours in 2006 and Katya 's last appearance was broadcast on 7 February 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71b322cefc6acc524c83fda27df0c2a2", "text": "Sophie Wilson Sophie Wilson FRS FREng ( born Roger Wilson in Leeds , England , in 1957 ) is a British computer scientist and software engineer . Wilson designed the Acorn Micro-Computer , the first of a long line of computers sold by Acorn Computers Ltd , including its programming language BBC BASIC . Wilson later designed the instruction set of the ARM processor , which became the de facto model used in 21st-century smartphones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "833cb2294e09aa3f61e4be984a6c7bb8", "text": "Thomas Turner (cricketer) Thomas Turner ( 7 March 1865 -- 27 October 1936 ) was an Australian cricketer . He played two first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1887 and 1888 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6dfc4e7f359839a4bce40bfacddf2f2", "text": "Sophie and the Rising Sun (film) Sophie and the Rising Sun is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Maggie Greenwald . It is based on the 2001 novel Sophie and the Rising Sun by Augusta Trobaugh . The film stars Julianne Nicholson , Takashi Yamaguchi , Margo Martindale , Diane Ladd , Lorraine Toussaint and Karen Wheeling Reynolds . The film was released in theaters on January 25 , 2017 by Monterey Media .", "title": "" } ]
fever
42ae6ab2323846f1ce2dca0ce0e529c0
Writing is Nat Faxon's profession.
[ { "docid": "955c725728e79e56bf003783d3ba82eb", "text": "Nat Faxon Nathaniel `` Nat '' Faxon ( born October 11 , 1975 ) is an American actor , comedian and Academy Award-winning screenwriter . Though a frequent presence on comedic films and TV series , he is best known for winning the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for co-writing The Descendants ( 2011 ) and for his starring roles in the FOX comedy series Ben and Kate ( 2012 -- 2013 ) and the FX comedy series Married ( 2014 -- 2015 ) . He also co-wrote and co-directed The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) with writing partner Jim Rash .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "d5d64887e113ccfd30337697e03a1e1e", "text": "Edward Kay (writer) Edward Kay is a Toronto-based screenwriter , story editor and novelist with a background in both live-action and animated television comedy , as well as print journalism . Kay spent four years as a writer and producer on the political satire , This Hour Has 22 Minutes , before becoming supervising producer of The Itch , a comedy series starring Jason Jones formerly of The Daily Show , and Jessica Holmes . Kay then co-created the animated children 's series , Ollie 's Under-the-Bed Adventures ( later known as Olliver 's Adventures ) and wrote the pilot episode , which won a Gemini Award for Best Animated Program . He has written numerous episodes of Atomic Betty , a television series broadcast in more than 100 countries . With Sean Scott , he is the co-creator of Jimmy Two-Shoes , an animated comedy series that in December 2007 , was put into production by broadcasters Disney XD and Teletoon . He is the co-creator of Finding Stuff Out , a comedy-inflected science show that airs on TVO and Knowledge Network . Kay 's first novel , a YA sc-fi comedy entitled STAR Academy was released September 15 , 2009 by Random House/Doubleday . The sequel , Dark Secrets , was released on September 13 , 2011 . He subsequently was commissioned by Scholastic Books to write an historical novel about the Battle of the Atlantic , entitled `` Sink and Destroy '' . His latest novel is a thriller entitled `` At Rope 's End '' , which will be released by New York City based publisher Crooked Lane in January , 2017 . Kay 's writing for This Hour Has 22 Minutes has garnered him three Gemini Awards , a Canadian Comedy Award , and a Canadian Screenwriting Award . For his work in print journalism he has received two Canadian National Magazine Award Honourable Mentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51e5ad14cd8cc43a65b231d3d15d731f", "text": "Nat Christian Nat Christian is a writer , director and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8521fb71947cece57fdaf4dd6894ec1", "text": "New American Writing New American Writing is a once-a-year American literary magazine emphasizing contemporary American poetry , including a range of innovative contemporary writing . The magazine is published in association with San Francisco State University . New American Writing is published by OINK ! Press , a nonprofit organization . The magazine appears in early June each year . First published in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "042c9aa7f1ffe692cde023c620b08519", "text": "Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars The Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars is an academic program offering undergraduate and graduate degrees in writing in the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences at Johns Hopkins University . Founded in 1947 , notable faculty of the program have included Edward Albee , John Barth , Madison Smartt Bell , J. M. Coetzee , Mary Jo Salter , Stephen Dixon , Mark Hertsgaard , Brad Leithauser , John Irwin , David Yezzi , J.D. McClatchy , Alice McDermott , Mark Crispin Miller , Wyatt Prunty , David St. John , Mark Strand , and Robert Stone . Writers Jean McGarry and Mary Jo Salter currently co-chair the program , the reputation of which has risen and fallen over the years . In 1997 , US News and World Report ranked the program second in the United States out of sixty-five eligible full-residency MFA programs , though as the Baltimore City Paper reported , `` What is interesting about the U.S. News rankings is that they are based on reputation -- not test scores , job-placement rates , or student satisfaction . '' In 2011 , Poets & Writers ranked Hopkins seventeenth nationally out of 157 eligible full-residency MFA programs . The long respected Science Writing program was closed down in 2013 as an on-campus program , but was re-established as an online/low residency program shortly thereafter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1f9c107e13333d9f9d04eec23d8acba", "text": "Manuscript (publishing) `` Manuscript '' is a broad concept in publishing , that can about one or both : the formatting of a short story manuscript , an accepted manuscript ( by its merit not its format ) , not yet in a final format ( but reviewed ) , published with non-final-format in ahead , as preprint . A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a publisher , editor , or producer for publication . Even with the advent of desktop publishing , making it possible for anyone to prepare text that appears professionally typeset , many publishers still require authors to submit manuscripts within their respective guidelines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abd0d5d75456f50746ac50ab89147a2c", "text": "Joseph Fasano Joseph Fasano ( born 1982 ) is an American poet . Fasano was raised in Goshen , New York , where he attended Goshen Central High School . He earned a BA in philosophy from Harvard University in 2005 and an MFA from Columbia University in 2008 . His poem `` Mahler in New York '' won the 2008 RATTLE Poetry Prize . He has been a finalist for the Missouri Review Editors ' Prize and the Times Literary Supplement Poetry Competition , among other honors . He has taught at SUNY Purchase , Manhattanville College , and Columbia University . Fasano 's poems have appeared in the Yale Review , the Southern Review , FIELD , Tin House , Boston Review , Measure , Passages North , the American Literary Review , and other publications . In 2011 , Fasano 's first book , Fugue for Other Hands , won the Cider Press Review Book Award . It was nominated for the Kate Tufts Poetry Award , and it has recently been nominated for the Poets ' Prize , `` awarded annually for the best book of verse published by a living American poet two years prior to the award . '' His second collection of poems , Inheritance , was released in May , 2014 . In 2015 , Fasano published Vincent , a book-length poem based very loosely on the 2008 killing of Tim McLean by Vince Li on a Greyhound Bus near Portage la Prairie , Manitoba , on the Trans Canada Highway . In 2013 , the literary magazine Polutona released a selection of his poems in Russian translation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de592e967bc6f7d8e29eb17db7435a6d", "text": "Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles . Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0730e2463c9e3749d658335e9426ea8", "text": "Theatre criticism Theatre criticism is a genre of art criticism , and the act of writing or speaking about the performing arts such as a play or opera . Some major newspapers cover the arts in some form and theatre criticism may be included as a part of this arts coverage . In the 21st century theatre criticism has grown in online venues , such as e-magazines and blogs , while criticism in newspapers has shrunk . Recent research shows that despite the different medium , online critics may be as trusted as theatre critics who write for newspapers . Specialist media exists to cover most artistic disciplines , in this field one such publication is The Stage ( see our theatre magazines category for more ) . As with other forms of criticism it may use its own technical language to convey what the reviewer has seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d857fa752bc81d210801c63a93af49f6", "text": "Interactive writing Interactive writing has been described by Swartz ( 2001 ) as `` a teaching method in which children and teacher negotiate what they are going to write and then share the pen to construct the message . '' Interactive writing is a cooperative event in which text is jointly composed and written . The teacher uses the interactive writing session to model reading and writing strategies as he or she engages children in creating text . Interactive writing was also included by Fountas & Pinnell as part of their balanced literacy framework . Similar to shared writing , interactive writing allows a teacher and students to literally `` share the pen '' to create a joint sentence or message . Typically used in the primary grades , interactive writing is a powerful instructional medium for teaching phonics , spelling principles , rimes , writing conventions , and other key early writing skills . This form of interactive writing is thoroughly explained and detailed in the book Interactive Writing : How Language & Literacy Come Together , K-2 by Andrea McCarrier , Gay Su Pinnell , and Irene Fountas . Others have described interactive writing differently as a method used in literacy teaching , especially for young children , whereby the students have the opportunity to practice their reading , studying and writing skills in a safe and creative environment . In this method the teacher ( s ) and students write to each other , by means of letters , dialogue journals or a message board . The students are free to choose the topic and the length of their writings . The teachers respond without correcting or criticising the spelling , grammar or writing style , but rather modelling more appropriate forms of writing . The aim of this method is to allow children to see literacy as something meaningful and enjoyable , rather than a mind-numbing school activity . The focus is on fluency rather than accuracy . The principle behind it is ` write to learn , not learn to write ' . As such it relates to the learner-centered whole language approach . The interactive writing method has been described in books such as : Peyton , Joy Kreeft ( ed . ) ( 1990 ) Students and Teachers Writing Together : Perspectives on Journal Writing . Robinson , A. , L. Crawford & N. Hall ( 1990 ) some day you will no all about me : Young Children 's Explorations in the World of Letter Writing . Reference Swartz , Stanley L. et al. , ( 2001 ) . Interactive editing and interactive writing . Dominie Press/Pearson Learning . Category : Writing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "842404cf1823b684d4b2b2f9d443ed8e", "text": "History of writing The history of writing is the development of expressing language by letters or other marks , and the study and description of this development . In the history of how systems of representation of language through graphic means have evolved in different human civilizations , more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writing , systems of ideographic or early mnemonic symbols . True writing , in which the content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can reconstruct , with a fair degree of accuracy , the exact utterance written downwriting usually does not convey the tone of the utterance . is a later development . It is distinguished from proto-writing which typically avoids encoding grammatical words and affixes , making it more difficult or impossible to reconstruct the exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance . One of the earliest forms of written expression is cuneiform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df8707c92bca70f85ab4c804075e0f98", "text": "Fantasy Amateur Press Association The Fantasy Amateur Press Association or FAPA ( `` FAP-uh '' ) is science fiction fandom 's longest-established amateur press association ( `` apa '' ) . It was founded in 1937 by Donald A. Wollheim and John B. Michel . They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-science fiction amateur press associations , which they learned about from H. P. Lovecraft . ( It is also fandom 's longest-running organization of any kind , preceding the founding of the runner-up , the National Fantasy Fan Federation , by nearly four years . ) Like other APAs , FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications published by its members at their own expense . FAPA has `` mailings '' every three months . Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least eight pages of activity a year . When needed , there are elections ( in August ) of a secretary-treasurer and official editor . Other officials have included Official Critics , a Laureate Committee , President , Vice-President , and ballot counters . The first two positions were abandoned by the mid-1940s , and in 2009 the positions of President and Vice-President were also eliminated . The President Emeritus is the author Robert Silverberg , who was the last serving President and who has been an active member of FAPA longer than any other current member . When necessary , a teller for the annual officer elections is appointed by the secretary-treasurer . FAPA 's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using hectographs . There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937 ; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster . The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1943 and has remained at that level ever since . The early years of FAPA were stormy with party politics and sociological feuds ( as recounted in the late Jack Speer 's pioneering fan history , Up to Now ) . In 1947 , Speer reformed the constitution , and the Insurgents quashed the last inactive OE , Elmer Perdue . Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA , and red tape has been held to a minimum . The constitution was again revised in 1958 ( also by Speer ) to incorporate amendments , bylaws , and practices adopted since 1947 . Another major revision occurred in 2001 under the oversight of Robert Lichtman ( Secretary-Treasurer since 1986 and still holding that office ) , clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice . During the 1950s and 1960s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the waiting list grew to monumental proportions , for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster . A waiting list fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the Fantasy Amateur to so many fans awaiting membership , and a requirement that waiting listers periodically acknowledge receipt of the Fantasy Amateur was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait . By the '70s the waiting list became much smaller , and in recent years ( since the mid 1990s ) has disappeared altogether . Additionally , the number of members has also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster . As of May 2016 , there were 23 active participants ( including one joint membership ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "716b15e17a944f05160caec26123f784", "text": "Do The Write Thing The Do the Write Thing Challenge ( or DtWT ) is a writing program for junior high students organized by the U.S. National Campaign to Stop Violence . Intended to reduce youth violence , the Do the Write Thing Essay Challenge Program began in 1994 as a local program in Washington , D.C. and expanded in 1996 to other cities . According to Dr. Hassan Al-Ebraheem , founder and chairman of the Kuwait-America Foundation , the program has reached over 1.6 million children ( as of July 2013 ) across the country since its foundation . Aimed at middle school students , one of the program 's primary objectives is to motivate students to make a personal commitment , in writing , to help prevent and reduce youth violence in their home , school , and communities . The students are then asked to address these three questions in an essay for submission : How has youth violence and drugs affected my life ? What are the causes of youth violence ? What can I do about youth violence ? After this , a panel , of usually volunteers or school staff , reads the essays and chooses `` school finalists '' . These `` school finalists '' continue on to a broader selection that is citywide . Each year , two finalists from each city -- one boy and one girl -- along with their teacher and parent , are honored at a national recognition ceremony in Washington , DC . While in Washington , DC , the DTWT National Ambassadors visit the United States Library of Congress , The United States Supreme Court , the United States Capitol and the Kuwait Embassy . Their essays are published in one volume , which is then presented to the Library of Congress . The Challenge is the idea of Daniel Q. Callister , a Washington lawyer who says its purpose is four-fold : to provide children who have experienced or seen violence with a cathartic experience ; to give them motivation to change their behavior ; to be an education experience for teachers and the community ; and to get adults to help solve the problem . Sponsors of `` Do the Write Thing '' include : Kuwait America Foundation Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Annenberg Foundation Criminal Justice Division of the Governor 's Office in Texas Marriott International Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development Southwest Airlines Athletes for Hope America 's Promise Alliance Communities in Schools Greater Washington Urban League , Inc. . Harlem Globetrotters National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges United States National Guard", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2be0dbaec81a1795c544f50525e7bc8", "text": "Guy Fawkes (novel) Guy Fawkes first appeared as a serial in Bentley 's Miscellany , between January and November 1840 . It was subsequently published as a three-volume set in July 1841 , with illustrations by George Cruikshank . The first of William Harrison Ainsworth 's seven `` Lancashire novels '' , the story is based on the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 , an unsuccessful attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament . Ainsworth relied heavily on historical documents describing the trial and execution of the conspirators , of whom Fawkes was one , but he also embellished the known facts . He invented the character of Viviana Radcliffe , daughter of the prominent Radcliffe family of Ordsall Hallwho becomes Fawkes 's wifeand introduced supernatural elements into the story , such as the ability of the alchemist , John Dee , to raise the spirits of the dead . The novel 's themes deal with British politics and history , focusing on the events surrounding the 1605 plot to destroy Parliament . Ainsworth also introduced gothic elements , to add a terrifying component to the work . The novel was very popular , and marked the beginning of Ainsworth 's 40-year career in historical romances , but it was not universally admired . Edgar Allan Poe described the style of writing as `` turgid pretension '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bdb5ef954758e3fde180ef7aa81fb74", "text": "Literature of England The literature of England is literature written in what is now England , or by English writers . It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d569bbb34b77aacbd17ad6eb2c49055", "text": "Nick Hornby Nicholas Peter John `` Nick '' Hornby ( born 17 April 1957 ) is an English novelist , essayist , lyricist , and screenwriter . He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch and novels High Fidelity and About a Boy '' , all of which were adapted into feature films . Hornby 's work frequently touches upon music , sport , and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists . His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2013 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c101c419b742666d0f8fe7229c0a23b6", "text": "American poetry american ' poetry '' ' , the poetry of the United States , arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century , well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this unification , a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ) . Unsurprisingly , most of the early colonists ' work relied on contemporary British models of poetic form , diction , and theme . However , in the 19th century , a distinctive American idiom began to emerge . By the later part of that century , when Walt Whitman was winning an enthusiastic audience abroad , poets from the United States had begun to take their place at the forefront of the English-language avant-garde '' . The history of American poetry is not easy to know . Much of the American poetry published between 1910 and 1945 remains lost in the pages of small circulation political periodicals , particularly the ones on the far left , destroyed by librarians during the 1950s McCarthy era . The received narrative of Modernism proposes that Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were perhaps the most influential modernist English-language poets in the period during World War I . But this narrative leaves out African American and women poets who were published and read widely in the first half of the twentieth century . By the 1960s , the young poets of the British Poetry Revival looked to their American contemporaries and predecessors as models for the kind of poetry they wanted to write . Toward the end of the millennium , consideration of American poetry had diversified , as scholars placed an increased emphasis on poetry by women , African Americans , Hispanics , Chicanos and other cultural groupings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d18e32e3a8b8f8a9851dba727158c708", "text": "Nathaniel Crouch Nathaniel Crouch ( born c. 1632 ) was an English printer and bookseller , and under the pseudonym Richard Burton ( or R.B. ) wrote historical books as well . As a historian , he is considered a hack , borrowing material from other books and rewriting them under his pseudonym , then publishing and marketing them under the Crouch imprint . Though he was the type of writer/publisher denounced in the following century by writers such as Samuel Butler ( Prose Observations ) and Alexander Pope ( The Dunciad ) , more recent assessments of his life and career see him as an important figure in the development of historiography , especially in the popularization of a hitherto high-culture genre of discourse . Around the date September 30 , 1681 , an unlikely forerunner of Readers ' Digest , called Historical Rarities in London and Westminster was first published by Crouch . Robert Chambers ' Book of Days ( 1864 ) elaborated : `` With probably little education , but something of a natural gift for writing , Crouch had the sagacity to see that the works of the learned , from their form and price , were kept within a narrow circle of readers , while there was a vast multitude outside who were able and willing to read , provided that a literature suited to their means and capacities was supplied to them . He accordingly set himself the task of transfusing large and pompous books into a series of small , cheap volumes , modestly concealing his authorship under his nom de plume . Thus , he produced Surprising Miracles of Nature and Art , and many other treatises on very plain paper , and sold -LSB- them -RSB- at an exceedingly reasonable rate . His enterprise and diligence were rewarded by large sales and considerable wealth . ''", "title": "" } ]
fever
1645647188dbbabdcbfb4bfd3793c561
Glee has never been released on DVD.
[ { "docid": "e135f09b67f365859f969a2d13b28bb0", "text": "Glee (TV series) Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19 , 2009 , to March 20 , 2015 . It focuses on the fictitious William McKinley High School glee club , New Directions , which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with social issues , especially regarding sexuality and race , relationships , and learning to become an effective team . The initial twelve-member cast included club director and Spanish teacher Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury ( Jayma Mays ) , Will 's wife Terri ( Jessalyn Gilsig ) , and eight club members played by Dianna Agron , Chris Colfer , Kevin McHale , Lea Michele , Cory Monteith , Amber Riley , Mark Salling , and Jenna Ushkowitz . In subsequent seasons , the main cast has expanded to fourteen and fifteen members . The series was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk , and Ian Brennan , the latter of whom first conceived of Glee as a film . The three wrote all of the show 's episodes for the first two seasons , and Murphy and Falchuk initially served as the show 's main directors . The pilot episode was broadcast on May 19 , 2009 , and the first season aired from September 9 , 2009 , to June 8 , 2010 . Subsequent seasons aired in September through May . The sixth and final season aired from January to March 2015 . Glee features on-screen performance-based musical numbers that were selected by Murphy , who aimed to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , and produced by Adam Anders and Peer Åström . Songs covered in the show were released through the iTunes Store during the week of broadcast , and a series of Glee albums have been released by Columbia Records . The music of Glee has been a commercial success , with over thirty-six million digital single sales and eleven million album sales worldwide through October 2011 . The series ' merchandise also includes DVD and Blu-ray releases , an iPad application , and karaoke games for the Wii . There were live concert tours by the show 's cast after the first and second seasons completed shooting ; a concert film based on the 2011 tour , Glee : The 3D Concert Movie , was produced by Murphy and Fox and directed by Kevin Tancharoen . During its first season , Glee received generally favorable reviews from critics , with Metacritic 's weighted average of 77 out of 100 based on eighteen critical reviews . The season was nominated for nineteen Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , six Satellite Awards and fifty-seven other awards , with wins including the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy , and Emmy awards for Jane Lynch , guest-star Neil Patrick Harris and Murphy 's direction of the pilot episode . In 2011 , the show once again won the Golden Globe for Best Television Series , and Jane Lynch and Chris Colfer won Golden Globes for Best Supporting Actress and Best Supporting Actor respectively , and Gwyneth Paltrow won the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series . The show was also chosen by Fox to fill the coveted time slot that followed the network 's coverage of Super Bowl XLV in 2011 . On October 17 , 2013 , in the wake of the death of Cory Monteith three months prior , and one week after his tribute episode `` The Quarterback '' aired , Murphy announced that the sixth season would be the final one of the series . After 121 episodes and over 728 music performances , Glee came to an end on March 20 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7770b9470539cb6569fa9059a3f3f43c", "text": "A Katy or a Gaga `` A Katy or a Gaga '' is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-second episode overall . It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner , and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7 , 2013 . The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga , the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott `` Starchild '' Gilbert , and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani , Santana 's ( Naya Rivera ) girlfriend . In this episode , the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga , whichever performer they have the least affinity for , to stretch their boundaries . Kurt decides to form a band , and is resistant to the idea that he should include Starchild in it following a highly flamboyant yet excellent audition . The episode was watched by 4.01 million viewers , and received mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "516df54bb65254115a160dbf7a294253", "text": "Child Star (Glee) `` Child Star '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the 117th overall . The episode was written by Ned Martel , directed by supervising producer Michael Hitchcock , and first aired on February 27 , 2015 on Fox in the United States . The episode takes place as New Directions are hired by a young boy to perform at his bar mitzvah party , but he turns out to cause all sorts of problems . Meanwhile , Mason McCarthy is developing feelings for Jane Hayward but runs into issues with his sister Madison McCarthy , and Roderick helps Spencer Porter to begin a new relationship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd57d08eac5df9d334d5cba80c62395", "text": "Glee, Actually `` Glee , Actually '' is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the seventy-sixth episode overall as well as the show 's third Christmas-themed episode . Written by Matthew Hodgson and directed by Adam Shankman , it aired on Fox in the United States on December 13 , 2012 . The episode garnered mixed reviews from critics ; and was watched by 5.26 million viewers , receiving an 18-49 rating of 2.0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d55f9eef703684bd3ea6135307823d", "text": "List of songs in Smash Smash is an American musical series that premiered on NBC , Monday , February 6 , 2012 . It was announced on June 9 , 2011 , that NBC had signed a deal with Columbia Records for a soundtrack of the series . The deal gave Columbia world-wide , digital and physical rights to the first season , with options to subsequent seasons . The deal included both original songs written for the series and any covers of songs featured on the show . By the end of the first season , 36 studio recordings of the show 's musical performances were released , 31 of them on iTunes and five with the deluxe edition of the first season soundtrack . The first season soundtrack , The Music of Smash , was released on May 1 , 2012 . A deluxe edition , with additional songs , was available exclusively from Target until early 2013 . A second soundtrack album from the show , Bombshell , which serves as the `` cast album '' for Bombshell , the main show-within-the-show , was released on February 12 , 2013 , in standard and deluxe versions , the latter again exclusively from Target . A third soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 1 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 36 songs that had been previously released for Season 1 , either as singles or on the previous soundtrack albums , including the deluxe Target edition of The Music of Smash ( which is currently out of print ) . A fourth soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 2 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 51 songs from the second season , including three that had n't previously been released during the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4deb4e37bcd4195a0c3c2a8a9d801256", "text": "Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl . The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef40728b73ebfd1a970de366934b5718", "text": "Glee Club (British politics) The Glee Club is a traditional event in the Liberal Assembly and UK Liberal Democrat party conference , consisting of attendees singing around a piano . It is one of the most popular fringe events in British politics and was a formative event in the lives of many British political leaders , allegedly Michael Foot amongst them . Although the Glee Club has informally existed for many years , in 1967 the first songbook ( entitled After the Count was Over ) was published by the National League of Young Liberals . Songbooks have been produced since the 1975 by Liberator , and in 2009 the 20th edition of the Liberator Songbook was published -- the 27th songbook in its publishing history . It is often combined with the Liberal Revue , a series of sketches consisting mostly of in-jokes and irreverent takes on political matters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e80c22c370da2f785a2abb7ce5d62a", "text": "Choke (Glee) `` Choke '' is the eighteenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-second overall . Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Michael Uppendahl , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on May 1 , 2012 , and features the first appearance of special guest star Whoopi Goldberg as Carmen Tibideaux , Dean of the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) , and the introduction of Puck 's father ( Thomas Calabro ) . Upon its initial airing , Choke attracted 6.01 million American viewers and received a 2.5 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , down significantly from the 2.7 / 8 rating/share and 6.90 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Dance with Somebody '' , which was broadcast a week before .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "517b1e85f6ab89ef986cc912cd515185", "text": "Movin' Out (Glee) `` Movin ' Out '' is the sixth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-fourth episode overall . It was written by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and directed by Brad Falchuk , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 21 , 2013 . The episode is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel , and features seven of his songs . The episode features special guest star Tyra Banks as Bichette , the head of a modeling agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2445bd011e165123b33f6fbbfa08019", "text": "Pretending (Glee song) Pretending is an original song from the second season of the American musical comedy-drama Glee , entitled New York . The episode included two other original songs : `` As Long as You 're There '' and `` Light Up the World . the song was featured on the show 's Volume 6 soundtrack . The song was written by Adam Anders , Peer Astrom and Shelly Peiken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbfba4306bae65e1847af38ee464aace", "text": "List of Fairy Tail episodes (season 1) The first season of the Fairy Tail anime series was directed by Shinji Ishihira and produced by A-1 Pictures and Satelight . It follows the first adventures of Natsu Dragneel and Lucy Heartfilia of the fictional guild , Fairy Tail . The season adapts the first 16 volumes of Hiro Mashima 's Fairy Tail manga series . Natsu befriends Lucy who joins the titular guild and later goes on missions with her to earn money along with fellow wizards Gray Fullbuster and Erza Scarlet , as well as Natsu 's flying cat Happy . The five go on a forbidden S-Class mission with Gray and Erza to save Galuna Island and fight Gray 's rival Lyon Vastia . Shortly after , the guildhall is attacked by their rival guild Phantom Lord , leading into a guild war . After the dissolution of Phantom Lord , the group learns of Erza 's past as a slave in the Tower of Heaven and confront Jellal Fernandez to destroy the tower . Lastly , once back at Fairy Tail , Natsu and the others face Laxus Dreyar and the Raijin Tribe as they stage a coup in Fairy Tail . The season initially ran from October 12 , 2009 to September 27 , 2010 on TV Tokyo in Japan . It was later released on DVD in 12 compilations , each containing four episodes , by Pony Canyon between January 29 and December 24 , 2010 . Crunchyroll streamed the whole season 's episode subtitled in English for free on its website . The season 's episodes were streamed as a simulcast , only one hour after they aired on TV Tokyo in Japan . The season was licensed by Animax Asia for a Southeast Asian broadcast . Their adaptation aired from September 30 , 2010 to December 6 , 2011 . DVDs of their adaptations were not released . In 2011 , Funimation Entertainment licensed the series for an English DVD release in North America . The season was released in four compilations between November 22 , 2011 and March 20 , 2012 . The series also began airing on the Funimation Channel in North America beginning on November 22 , 2011 . The season makes use of eight pieces of theme music : four opening themes and four ending themes . The opening themes are `` Snow Fairy '' , performed by Funkist for episodes 1 to 11 , by Idoling !!! for episodes 12 to 24 , `` Ft. '' performed by Funkist for episodes 25 to 35 , and `` R.P.G. ( Rockin ' Playing Game ) '' performed by Sug for the remainder of the season . The ending themes respectively used with the opening themes are performed by Watarirouka Hashiritai , by Onelifecrew , performed by Shiho Nanba , and by Mikuni Shimokawa . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cfa68a3fb54beeb16269a8e2e7b9f5d", "text": "Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures . The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized . The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4256ecc6b184a5b791ba37f290c08eeb", "text": "Glee: The Music, Volume 7 Glee : The Music , Volume 7 is the eleventh soundtrack album by the cast of the American musical television series Glee . It was released by Columbia Records on December 6 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3764e7234bddbc73d71d09c91b8f51e", "text": "List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) . Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b0ea27fcb6c1493aab39f39b7bca47", "text": "I Should've Never Let You Go `` I Should 've Never Let You Go '' is a pop song by Australian female group Bardot , and was the second single from their debut album Bardot ( 2000 ) . It was co-written by Lotti Golden , Hinda Hicks and Tommy Faragher and produced by Tommy Faragher . This mid-tempo , soulful song was dominated by Katie Underwood who provided most of the main vocals , with Sophie Monk 's high-pitched and off-key backing vocals providing harmonies throughout the track . Bardot did not perform the song after Underwood 's mid-2001 departure for this reason . The single debuted at number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart , peaking one place higher at number 14 and was certified gold . It was the 96th highest selling single in Australia for 2000 . The single was a number 1 hit for Bardot in Singapore , but only spent three weeks in the New Zealand Top 40 , peaking at number 25 . The B-side `` Do It for Love '' is a cover version of a 1992 single by Dannielle Gaha , written by Paul Gray ( ex-Wa Wa Nee ) and R. Feldman . It was also recorded in Chinese by Prudence Liew as `` Bei Ni Zong Huai '' in 1993 . The music video is semi-animated . It features the group in a recording studio flying through space before transforming into animated superheroes whose mission must defeat a giant green monster . In the end , they succeed , and once their mission is complete , return to their real-life selves . Bardot 's then-manager Michael Napthali , makes a small cameo , rounding up the girls back into the recording studio before the end of the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce4832de52bdfd8ea7510dd8d372195d", "text": "Brian Gleeson (actor) Brian Gleeson ( -LSB- ˈɡliːsən -RSB- born 14 November 1987 ) is an Irish actor . In 2011 Gleeson received an Irish Film and Television Awards nomination for best supporting role on television for Love/Hate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" } ]
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778ca45d9ca358f62582eca1ff4ba8e4
Sue Sylvester was in an American musical comedy-drama TV series.
[ { "docid": "fb96135887aec67468093274bdf4a50d", "text": "Sue Sylvester Susan `` Sue '' Sylvester is a fictional character of the Fox musical comedy-drama series , Glee . The character is portrayed by actress Jane Lynch , and has appeared in Glee from its pilot episode , first broadcast on May 19 , 2009 . Sue was developed by Glee creators Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk , and Ian Brennan . For the show 's first four seasons , Sue is the track-suit wearing coach of the William McKinley High School cheerleading squad , and a ruthless bully to both students and faculty members alike . Because her cheerleading squad competes with the glee club for the school 's limited funding , she is often at odds with the club and more particularly its director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) . Sue is the main antagonist throughout the series ' run . In the show 's fifth season , Sue is made the school 's new principal . Due to Lynch 's initial limited availability , Sue was originally set to be a recurring character while Lynch was working on a Damon Wayans pilot for the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) . When that pilot fell through , Sue became a starring role . The character has been acclaimed by critics . Mary McNamara for the Los Angeles Times has written that `` Lynch alone makes Glee worth watching '' , while Entertainment Weekly Ken Tucker has called Sue `` the greatest Broadway-musical villain to ever co-star in a TV series '' . In recognition of her portrayal of Sue , Lynch won an Emmy and a Golden Globe Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e135f09b67f365859f969a2d13b28bb0", "text": "Glee (TV series) Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19 , 2009 , to March 20 , 2015 . It focuses on the fictitious William McKinley High School glee club , New Directions , which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with social issues , especially regarding sexuality and race , relationships , and learning to become an effective team . The initial twelve-member cast included club director and Spanish teacher Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury ( Jayma Mays ) , Will 's wife Terri ( Jessalyn Gilsig ) , and eight club members played by Dianna Agron , Chris Colfer , Kevin McHale , Lea Michele , Cory Monteith , Amber Riley , Mark Salling , and Jenna Ushkowitz . In subsequent seasons , the main cast has expanded to fourteen and fifteen members . The series was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk , and Ian Brennan , the latter of whom first conceived of Glee as a film . The three wrote all of the show 's episodes for the first two seasons , and Murphy and Falchuk initially served as the show 's main directors . The pilot episode was broadcast on May 19 , 2009 , and the first season aired from September 9 , 2009 , to June 8 , 2010 . Subsequent seasons aired in September through May . The sixth and final season aired from January to March 2015 . Glee features on-screen performance-based musical numbers that were selected by Murphy , who aimed to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , and produced by Adam Anders and Peer Åström . Songs covered in the show were released through the iTunes Store during the week of broadcast , and a series of Glee albums have been released by Columbia Records . The music of Glee has been a commercial success , with over thirty-six million digital single sales and eleven million album sales worldwide through October 2011 . The series ' merchandise also includes DVD and Blu-ray releases , an iPad application , and karaoke games for the Wii . There were live concert tours by the show 's cast after the first and second seasons completed shooting ; a concert film based on the 2011 tour , Glee : The 3D Concert Movie , was produced by Murphy and Fox and directed by Kevin Tancharoen . During its first season , Glee received generally favorable reviews from critics , with Metacritic 's weighted average of 77 out of 100 based on eighteen critical reviews . The season was nominated for nineteen Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , six Satellite Awards and fifty-seven other awards , with wins including the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy , and Emmy awards for Jane Lynch , guest-star Neil Patrick Harris and Murphy 's direction of the pilot episode . In 2011 , the show once again won the Golden Globe for Best Television Series , and Jane Lynch and Chris Colfer won Golden Globes for Best Supporting Actress and Best Supporting Actor respectively , and Gwyneth Paltrow won the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series . The show was also chosen by Fox to fill the coveted time slot that followed the network 's coverage of Super Bowl XLV in 2011 . On October 17 , 2013 , in the wake of the death of Cory Monteith three months prior , and one week after his tribute episode `` The Quarterback '' aired , Murphy announced that the sixth season would be the final one of the series . After 121 episodes and over 728 music performances , Glee came to an end on March 20 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "dcb7a7fcdbfcda06db1e4c72fb2ec3dc", "text": "Mayor of the Town (TV series) Mayor of the Town was an American sitcom and drama which aired in 1954 . The series was based on the 1942 radio series of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3408204a8872c50c674a9594862bff17", "text": "The Music Show The Music Show was an early American television program which was broadcast on the now defunct DuMont Television Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbb906e867b6d6a125e227d2b2bba751", "text": "Harper Valley PTA (TV series) Harper Valley PTA ( known simply as Harper Valley during its second season ) is an American sitcom based on the 1978 film of the same name , which was itself based on the 1968 country song recorded by country singer Jeannie C. Riley and written by Tom T. Hall . The series , starring Barbara Eden who reprised her role from the film , aired on NBC from January 16 , 1981 to August 14 , 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1fad7379f8100cf6c92360cae57bf29", "text": "List of fictional musicals A fictional musical or fictitious musical is a non-existent stage musical that was created specifically for ( i.e. within ) a work of fiction such as a novel , film , TV series , play or even an actual stage musical . Strictly , the term does not refer to actual musicals based on fiction ( i.e. as opposed to those based on real-life people or events ) but , rather , to imaginary musicals that do not actually exist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80e5a44fa3761b27756b047ce527769e", "text": "Love and Marriage (1959 TV series) Love and Marriage is an American situation comedy which aired on NBC from September 21 , 1959 , to January 25 , 1960 , starring William Demarest as William Harris , Jeanne Bal as Pat Baker , Murray Hamilton as Steve Baker , Kay Armen as Sophie , Stubby Kaye as Stubby Wilson , Susan Reilly as Susan Baker , Jennie Lynn as Jennie Baker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f7495330da11bc38d4ddb67339cb3d3", "text": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show is an American animated web television series that is produced by DreamWorks Animation and Jay Ward Productions . The series is based on the 1960s segments , called `` Peabody 's Improbable History '' , that aired as part of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show , and the 2014 film , Mr. Peabody & Sherman , which was also produced by DreamWorks Animation . The series premiered on October 9 , 2015 , on Netflix . The second season was released on March 18 , 2016 . The third season was released on October 21 , 2016 . The fourth season was released on April 21 , 2017 . The series is digitally hand-drawn , with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation . Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell , while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film . According to The Animation Guild , I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 , 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47377e5694b9462f5bd1c1c66c11fe3f", "text": "PB&J Otter PB&J Otter is an American animated children 's television series which premiered on Playhouse Disney on March 15 , 1998 . A total of 65 episodes were produced during the course of its three season run , with the `` farewell '' episode airing on September 24 , 2000 ( although a Halloween episode was the last aired episode , on October 15 , 2000 ) . The series centered on the Otter family who lived in the rural fishing community of Lake Hoohaw . Most stories revolved around the Otter kids : older brother Peanut , younger sister Jelly and diapered baby Butter ( named after the peanut butter and jelly sandwich ) , as well as their friends and neighbors . Supporting characters included gossipy Cranes , overly hygienic raccoons , a junk-collecting mayor and some very wealthy poodles . The show was created by Jim Jinkins and executive-produced by David Campbell in close conjunction with Harvard University 's Cognitive Skills Group , `` Project Zero '' . The Group 's job was to monitor each and make sure the material had a positive educational message . This show features songs by Dan Sawyer and Fred Newman . PB&J Otter was nominated for an Annie Award for outstanding music in an animated show in 2000 . The show aired in reruns on Playhouse Disney from 2001-2005 and on Disney Junior from 2012-2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ce013502957fc7e905c157c13c45d7", "text": "Hot in Cleveland Hot in Cleveland is an American sitcom on TV Land starring Valerie Bertinelli , Jane Leeves , Wendie Malick and Betty White . The series , which was TV Land 's first original scripted series , premiered on June 16 , 2010 , and was TV Land 's highest rated telecast in the cable network 's 14-year history . The series was picked up for ten episodes . On May 1 , 2014 , TV Land renewed Hot in Cleveland for a sixth season and confirmed the following November it would be the show 's last . The series ran for 128 episodes , with the hour-long final episode airing on June 3 , 2015 . The series was created by Suzanne Martin and is executive produced by Martin , Sean Hayes and Todd Milliner , through their production companies SamJen Productions and Hazy Mills Productions , and is produced in association with TV Land . The concept behind the show is based on an original idea by Lynda Obst , who serves as executive producer . The series was recorded in front of a live studio audience at CBS 's Studio Center in Studio City , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ad1f8ac6659baedd980505c7ba5ac61", "text": "The Tomfoolery Show The Tomfoolery Show is an American cartoon comedy television series made and first broadcast in 1970 , based on the works of Edward Lear . The animation was done at the Halas and Batchelor Studios in London and Stroud . Though the works of other writers were also used , notably Lewis Carroll and Ogden Nash , Lear 's works were the main source , and characters like the Yongy-Bonghy-Bo and the Umbrageous Umbrella Maker were all Lear creations . Other regular characters included the Enthusiastic Elephant , the Fizzgiggious Fish , and the Scroobious Snake . Some original material was also written based on characters created by Lear , although much of the material was a straight recital of poems and limericks or songs using Lear 's poems set to music . A recurring joke had a delivery boy running around trying to deliver a large plant and shouting ` Plant for Mrs Discobolus ! ' . Some of the gags were based on Abbott and Costello skits which involved one of the regular characters in troubling situations . A cooking lesson for a silly recipe was presented in each episode . The series was produced by Rankin/Bass , and Videocraft International , who also made the Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Frosty the Snowman television specials . The series was made in England , featuring the voices of Peter Hawkins , Bernard Spear , and the Maury Laws Singers . The series received mostly mixed and negative reviews for not using original material . The series was not renewed after one year on the air . Original air : September 12 , 1970 - September 4 , 1971", "title": "" }, { "docid": "499671eb2a73718a00d99853182a2c52", "text": "Doc Elliot Doc Elliot is an American medical drama that aired from March 5 , 1973 until May 1 , 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43c790c331c519afa38a27844657821", "text": "Su Elliot Sue Elliott ( born 18 December 1950 ) is a British actress . She was born in Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , England . Her film roles include Alice in The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood ( 1984 ) , a nurse in The Girl in a Swing ( 1988 ) , Marthe in Giorgino ( 1994 ) , Mrs Brabin in Purely Belter ( 2000 ) , a pub customer in The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , a Ministry of Magic witch in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ( 2005 ) , and Hannah in Jane Eyre ( 2011 ) . Elliott has appeared in numerous British television productions , including The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole , Travelling Man , Hi-de-Hi ! , The Bill , This Life , Auf Wiedersehen , Pet , Black Books , Coronation Street , King Leek and EastEnders . She also appeared in Central Independent Television 's Halloween special The Worst Witch as Agatha 's assistant , Delilah . It is said on the DVD commentary for The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy that Garth Jennings , the director , only found out that Elliott had played Trillian in a stage adaptation of the same production after filming had finished .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd8301ae412a918c4bc93dd1b35274e", "text": "Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" } ]
fever
69950146a14e5cd0b3ece50aaaee5896
George Gershwin composed Summertime (George Gershwin song) for an opera.
[ { "docid": "f8b0292d2ed281bd4409371321f8cce3", "text": "Summertime (George Gershwin song) `` Summertime '' is an aria composed in 1934 by George Gershwin for the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess . The lyrics are by DuBose Heyward , the author of the novel Porgy on which the opera was based , although the song is also co-credited to Ira Gershwin by ASCAP . The song soon became a popular and much recorded jazz standard , described as `` without doubt ... one of the finest songs the composer ever wrote ... Gershwin 's highly evocative writing brilliantly mixes elements of jazz and the song styles of blacks in the southeast United States from the early twentieth century '' . Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim has characterized Heyward 's lyrics for `` Summertime '' and `` My Man 's Gone Now '' as `` the best lyrics in the musical theater '' . The song is recognized as one of the most covered songs in the history of recorded music , with more than 33,000 covers by groups and solo performers .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1420a03aaf4652276ae9c1e7c3ffce8c", "text": "My Man's Gone Now `` My Man 's Gone Now '' is an aria composed by George Gershwin , with lyrics by DuBose Heyward , written for the opera Porgy and Bess ( 1935 ) . Sung in the original production by Ruby Elzy , it has been covered by many female singers , notably Ella Fitzgerald ( Porgy & Bess album ) , Leontyne Price , Audra McDonald ( who would later sing the part of Bess ) , Nina Simone , Sarah Vaughan , and Shirley Horn , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7af21cc32c9a641fa6f3943f3c52e70", "text": "Tra-la-la Tra-la-la is a song composed by George and Ira Gershwin for the 1922 Broadway show For Goodness ' Sake . However , it was never performed in the show . It was later performed in the 1951 American film An American in Paris by Gene Kelly and Oscar Levant . In An American in Paris , it was listed as Tra-la-la ( This Time It 's Really Love ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29f54aaac37c067661fb826c81fa19e8", "text": "Of Thee I Sing (song) `` Of Thee I Sing '' is a 1931 song composed by George Gershwin , with lyrics by Ira Gershwin . It was introduced by William Gaxton and Lois Moran in the 1931 musical Of Thee I Sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acfe047077ae8ed44087ea8e87d46f8c", "text": "A Time of Destiny A Time of Destiny is a 1988 American drama film directed by Gregory Nava and written by Nava and Anna Thomas . The story is based on the opera La forza del destino by Giuseppe Verdi . The motion picture was executive produced by Shep Gordon and Carolyn Pfeiffer . It features original music by veteran composer Ennio Morricone . Set during World War II in Italy and San Diego , the film tells of two friends who become enemies during the war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f993c33228a1ef70c599a89c5ea917e7", "text": "Maytime (musical) Maytime is a musical with music by Sigmund Romberg and lyrics and book by Rida Johnson Young , and with additional lyrics by Cyrus Wood . The musical ran on Broadway from 1917 to 1918 . The story is based on the 1913 German operetta Wie einst im Mai ( Like Once in May ) , composed by Walter Kollo , with words by Rudolf Bernauer and Rudolf Schanzer . Maytime introduced songs such as `` The Road to Paradise '' , `` Will You Remember ? '' and `` Jump Jim Crow '' . It was the second longest-running book musical in the 1910s , and established Romberg as one of the leading creators of operettas . The story , set in New York , is told in episodes covering a long period , from 1840 to the twentieth century . Wealthy young Ottillie van Zand is in love with Richard Wayne , an apprentice in her father 's cooperage . Her father prefers her to marry a wealthy `` drunken libertine '' . Though Ottillie and Richard are never able to consummate their love , their descendants eventually meet and marry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "149dd986b92479b2f4d33a020efd0d6d", "text": "Summer and Smoke Summer and Smoke is a two-part , thirteen-scene 1948 play by Tennessee Williams , originally titled Chart of Anatomy when Williams began work on it in 1945 . The phrase `` summer and smoke '' probably comes from the Hart Crane poem `` Emblems of Conduct '' in the 1926 collection White Buildings . In 1964 , Williams revised the play as The Eccentricities of a Nightingale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcbdb029907f4c44966ba9ea6af72c19", "text": "Ariadne auf Naxos ( Ariadne on Naxos ) , Op. 60 , is an opera by Richard Strauss with a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal . Combining slapstick comedy and consummately beautiful music , the opera 's theme is the competition between high and low art for the public 's attention . Charlotte Erwin has studied in detail Strauss ' pre-sketch planning for the opera . Bryan Gilliam has examined the theme of Verwandlung ( transformation ) in the opera .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f264057a166a21f83f40295f9048423f", "text": "Lorelei (song) `` The Lorelei '' is a song composed by George Gershwin , with lyrics by Ira Gershwin ; it was written for their musical Pardon My English ( 1933 ) . It is about the Lorelei legend . The lyrics of `` The Lorelei '' are transcribed by Ira Gershwin in Lyrics on Several Occasions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b987bcc7aef79b9f91f0d2869d9b872a", "text": "Amica (opera) Amica is an opera in two acts by Pietro Mascagni , originally composed to a libretto by Paul Bérel ( the pseudonym of Paul de Choudens ) . The only opera by Mascagni with a French libretto , it was an immediate success with both the audience and the critics on its opening night at the Théâtre du Casino in Monte-Carlo on 16 March 1905 . Mascagni himself conducted the performance . The opera had its Italian premiere ( with an Italian libretto by Mascagni 's close collaborator , Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti ) on 13 May 1905 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome . However , like many of Mascagni 's operas apart from Cavalleria rusticana , the work then fell into obscurity . One of its few revivals in modern times was on 4 August 2007 at the Festival della Valle d'Itria , using the original French libretto . ( It has been released on CD and DVD . See below . ) . In October 2008 , Opera di Roma used the Italian libretto for a new production of Amica in collaboration with Opéra de Monte-Carlo and the Teatro Carlo Goldoni in Livorno . Set in the mountains of Savoy around 1900 , Amica is a classic verismo drama . It recounts a domestic tragedy involving two brothers ( Giorgio and Renaldo ) and the woman they both love ( Amica ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841a0a23be8034f953116c35843f06b7", "text": "Lyric Symphony The Lyric Symphony , Op. 18 , was composed by Alexander von Zemlinsky between 1922 and 1923 and received its premiere in Prague on June 4 , 1924 , under the composer 's direction . It is Zemlinsky 's best-known work . The work is in seven connected movements and is scored for baritone and soprano soloists and a large orchestra . The sung texts are taken from The Gardener by Rabindranath Tagore in a German translation by Hans Effenberger . The movements are : Ich bin friedlos , ich bin durstig nach fernen Dingen ( `` I am restless . I am athirst for far-away things '' ) O Mutter , der junge Prinz ( `` O mother , the young Prince '' ) Du bist die Abendwolke ( `` You are the evening cloud '' ) Sprich zu mir Geliebter ( `` Speak to me , my love '' ) Befrei mich von den Banden deiner Süße , Lieb ( `` Release me from the bonds of your sweetness , Love '' ) Vollende denn das letzte Lied ( `` Then finish the last song '' ) Friede , mein Herz ( `` Peace , my heart '' ) Alban Berg quoted the third movement in his Lyric Suite for string quartet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c05239cef925362ec7be16edc814ab2a", "text": "Sydmonton Festival The Sydmonton Festival is a summer arts festival presented in a deconsecrated 16th century chapel on the grounds of Sydmonton Court , the country estate of Andrew Lloyd Webber 's . It is in Hampshire , located approximately 85 kilometres southwest of London , and was established in September 1975 . Its purpose is to introduce new works to a private audience of individuals connected with theatre , television , and film in order to determine their future potential and viable commercialism . Among the Lloyd Webber projects to receive their first public performances at the festival are Evita , Variations , Tell Me on a Sunday , Cats , Starlight Express , Aspects of Love , The Phantom of the Opera , Sunset Boulevard , Whistle Down the Wind , By Jeeves , The Beautiful Game , The Woman in White , The Likes of Us , and Love Never Dies . His Cricket received its second performance here . Other projects to debut here include Nunc Dimittis , Masquerade , and Tomorrow Shall Be My Dancing Day by Rod Argent , Cafe Puccini by Robin Ray , Girlfriends by Howard Goodall and Richard Curtis , Love Songs by Charles Hart , La Bête by David Hirson , Yosopv by Kit Hesketh-Harvey and James McConnel , and Address Unknown by Kathrine Kressman Taylor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cd36f56ecd8b1dceec4389345caabba", "text": "In the Penal Colony (opera) In the Penal Colony is a chamber opera in one act and 16 scenes composed by Philip Glass to an English-language libretto by Rudy Wurlitzer . The opera is based on Franz Kafka 's German-language short story `` In the Penal Colony '' . It was commissioned by ACT Theatre in Seattle , Washington , where it premiered on August 31 , 2000 . It has a running time of approximately 80 minutes and is scored for two singers ( tenor and bass-baritone ) and a string quintet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8506bc9026655eaa54b0674d46c19796", "text": "Tip-Toes Tip-Toes is a musical with a book by Guy Bolton and Fred Thompson , lyrics by Ira Gershwin , and music by George Gershwin . It centers on a vaudeville act composed of Tip-Toes , her brother and her uncle , who try to pass her off as an aristocrat to snare a millionaire husband . Farcical complications ensue involving Tip-Toes ' temporary amnesia and a marital infidelity subplot . The musical was modestly successful on Broadway in 1925 and in London in 1926 . It was quickly adapted as a silent film starring Dorothy Gish and Will Rogers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd1ec6a7845d870e6fa229880eaca03", "text": "Opera America __ NOTOC __ Opera America , officially OPERA America , is a service organization promoting the creation , presentation , and enjoyment of opera in the US . Almost all professional opera companies and some semi-professional companies in the United States are members of the organization including such opera companies as the Metropolitan Opera , San Francisco Opera , Lyric Opera of Chicago , and Dallas Opera . Opera America also includes international affiliated opera companies such as the Theatro Municipal de São Paulo . Opera America also hosts businesses , educational institutions , libraries , foundations , guilds , and opera artists such as singers and composers . It is also the home of New York Children 's Opera Studio . The organization was founded in 1970 and has been led by President and CEO Marc A. Scorca since 1990 . In April 2014 , advisers from Opera America worked with San Diego Opera to develop a plan to prevent the company 's closure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b61e56d18fa372799b362ef3317ddb0", "text": "Mavra Mavra is a one-act opera buffa composed by Igor Stravinsky , and one of the earliest works of Stravinsky 's ` neo-classical ' period . The libretto of the opera , by Boris Kochno , is based on Alexander Pushkin 's The Little House in Kolomna . Mavra is about 25 minutes long , and features two arias , a duet , and a quartet performed by its cast of four characters . The opera has been characterised as both an homage to Russian writers , and a satire of bourgeois manners and the Romeo and Juliet subgenre of romance . Philip Truman has also described the music as satirising 19th-century comic opera . The dedication on the score is to the memory of Pushkin , Glinka and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky . Mavra premiered in Paris on 3 June 1922 , staged under the auspices of Sergei Diaghilev , with Oda Slobdoskaya , Zoïa Rosovska and Bélina Skoupevski among the original cast , at the Théatre national de l'Opéra , orchestra conducted by Grzegorz Fitelberg . The opera was a failure at the premiere , partly because the large space of the Paris Opéra overwhelmed the small scale of the opera . One critic , Émile Vuillermoz , so enraged Stravinsky that he cut the review out and pasted it onto his manuscript copy . Stravinsky himself thought very highly of this composition , saying once that `` Mavra seems to me the best thing I 've done '' . Erik Satie praised the work after its premiere . Stravinsky himself reacted with hostility to people who criticized it in later years . The opera was given its United States premiere by the Philadelphia Grand Opera Company at the Academy of Music , Philadelphia on December 28 , 1934 with Maria Kurenko as Parasha and Alexander Smallens conducting . The Santa Fe Opera mounted Mavra in 1962 . The first aria of the work has been arranged for cello and piano , and recorded with Mstislav Rostropovich under the title `` Russian Song '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37a852854f697cfe585949b5473bbf18", "text": "Porgy and Bess (Harry Belafonte and Lena Horne album) Porgy and Bess is an album by Harry Belafonte and Lena Horne , released by RCA Victor in 1959 . It features songs from George Gershwin 's opera Porgy and Bess . Belafonte and Horne sing two songs together : `` There 's a Boat That 's Leavin ' Soon for New York '' and `` Bess , You Is My Woman Now '' . The album was re-issued on a 2-CD set in 2003 together with Jamaica by BMG Collectables in Stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32cf3932f1c874107559b3995d9284b3", "text": "The Ghosts of Versailles The Ghosts of Versailles is an opera in two acts , with music by John Corigliano to an English libretto by William M. Hoffman . The Metropolitan Opera had commissioned the work from Corigliano in 1980 in celebration of its 100th anniversary , with the premiere scheduled for 1983 . Corigliano and Hoffman took as the starting point for the opera the play La Mère coupable ( The Guilty Mother ) by Pierre Beaumarchais . They took seven years to complete the opera , past the initial deadline . The opera received its premiere on December 19 , 1991 , at the Metropolitan Opera , with the production directed by Colin Graham . The premiere run of seven performances was sold out . The original cast included Teresa Stratas , Håkan Hagegård , Renée Fleming , Graham Clark , Gino Quilico , and Marilyn Horne . The Metropolitan Opera revived the opera in the 1994/1995 season . Corigliano considers this work a `` grand opera buffa '' because it incorporates both elements of the Grand Opera style ( large chorus numbers , special effects ) and the silliness of the opera buffa style . Commentators have noted how the opera satirises and parodies accepted operatic conventions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1bca300be4dbd943e9466d88ff58c23", "text": "George Gershwin George Jacob Gershwin ( -LSB- ˈɡɜrʃ.wɪn -RSB- September 26 , 1898 July 11 , 1937 ) was an American composer and pianist . Gershwin 's compositions spanned both popular and classical genres , and his most popular melodies are widely known . Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) and An American in Paris ( 1928 ) as well as the opera Porgy and Bess ( 1935 ) . Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark , Henry Cowell and Joseph Brody . He began his career as a song plugger , but soon started composing Broadway theatre works with his brother Ira Gershwin , and Buddy DeSylva . He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger , who refused him , where he began to compose An American in Paris . After returning to New York City , he wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and the author DuBose Heyward . Initially a commercial failure , Porgy and Bess is now considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century . Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores until his death in 1937 from glioblastoma multiforme , a malignant brain tumor . Gershwin 's compositions have been adapted for use in many films and for television , and several became jazz standards recorded in many variations . Many celebrated singers and musicians have covered his songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de20bd41be54917c59528205047e113b", "text": "Iolanthe Iolanthe ; or , The Peer and the Peri ( -LSB- aɪ.oʊˈlænθiː -RSB- ) is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert . It is one of the Savoy operas and is the seventh of fourteen operatic collaborations by Gilbert and Sullivan . In the opera , the fairy Iolanthe has been banished from fairyland because she married a mortal ; this is forbidden by fairy law . Her son , Strephon , is an Arcadian shepherd who wants to marry Phyllis , a Ward of Chancery . All the members of the House of Peers also want to marry Phyllis . When Phyllis sees Strephon hugging a young woman ( not knowing that it is his mother -- immortal fairies all appear young ) , she assumes the worst and sets off a climactic confrontation between the peers and the fairies . The opera satirises many aspects of British government , law and society . The confrontation between the fairies and the peers is a version of one of Gilbert 's favourite themes : a tranquil civilisation of women is disrupted by a male-dominated world through the discovery of mortal love . Iolanthe opened in London on 25 November 1882 , at the Savoy Theatre to a warm reception , and ran for 398 performances , the fourth consecutive hit by Gilbert and Sullivan . It was the first work to premiere at the Savoy ( although Patience had transferred to the theatre in 1881 ) and was the first new theatre production in the world to be illuminated entirely with electric lights , permitting some special effects that had not been possible in the era of gas lighting . The opera opened simultaneously in New York , and touring companies were sent around the UK and US to play the piece . The first Australasian touring production followed in 1885 , and the opera was revived in London beginning in 1901 . The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company toured the opera nearly continuously in repertory from 1891 until 1982 , and made several recordings of the opera over that period . Numerous other professional and amateur productions have been given of this enduring work , and various other recordings have been issued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab95dbbc63069bd3acc0849a8a2e47a", "text": "Do I Hear a Waltz? Do I Hear a Waltz ? is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents , music by Richard Rodgers , and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim . It was adapted from Laurents ' 1952 play The Time of the Cuckoo , which was the basis for the 1955 film Summertime starring Katharine Hepburn .", "title": "" } ]
fever
321eb757a92697de1cad8a6e757017b4
The 84th Academy Awards winners included Rango.
[ { "docid": "77e51fcb9fbbd0aa83ea65b0599b3fc2", "text": "84th Academy Awards The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ee4de6919ffaac7a535c3143be15d0", "text": "National Film Awards (Nepal) The National Film Awards is the most prominent and prestigious award of Nepali cinema . The event is held at the residence of the president of Nepal and the president gives the awards to the winners in various categories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73d9c14844f19e0847cfbf297825f96a", "text": "Alluri Seetarama Raju (film) Alluri Seetarama Raju is a 1974 Telugu biographical historical film based on the life of Alluri Sitarama Raju , an Indian revolutionary who is known for his role in `` Rampa Rebellion '' of 1922 -- 24 , and tribal leader Gam Malludora during the Indian independence movement in the Madras Presidency . Raju with a band of tribal leaders and other sympathizers fought against the British Raj . The film is produced by Padmalaya Studios , as the 100th film of Ghattamaneni Krishna . Scripted by Maharadhi Tripuraneni , the film was directed by V. Ramachandra Rao , as South India 's first Cinemascope film . The film won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics for revolutionary compositions rendered by Srirangam Srinivasa Rao . The film won the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film , and was screened at the International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section , and Tashkent Film Festival . The film was the highest grossing Telugu film for that year . The film was screened retrospective on August 16 , 2016 at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense , commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e085c0835295b9d48a46345df7de559f", "text": "National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer The National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India since 1968 to a female playback singer for the best renditions of songs from soundtracks within the Indian film industry . Throughout the years , accounting for ties and repeat winners , the Government of India has presented a total of 45 Best Female Playback Singer awards to 23 different female playback singers . Until 1974 , winners of the National Film Award received a commemorative plaque and certificate ; since 1975 , they have been awarded with a `` Rajat Kamal '' ( silver lotus ) , certificate and a cash prize that amounted to in 2013 . The first recipient was P. Susheela , who was honoured at the 16th National Film Award ( 1968 ) for her renditions from the Tamil film Uyarntha Manithan . The singer who won the most number of Rajat Kamal awards is K. S. Chithra with six wins , followed by P. Susheela with five . As of 2013 , two singers -- S. Janaki and Shreya Ghoshal -- have won the award four times , and two -- Lata Mangeshkar and Vani Jairam -- have won it thrice . The award has been won twice by Asha Bhosle , Alka Yagnik and Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar . S. Janaki , K. S. Chithra , and Shreya Ghoshal have won the award for their renditions in three different languages . Shreya Ghoshal is the sole recipient of the award for two different songs in the same year in two different languages . Uthara Unnikrishnan is the youngest winner , picking up the award at the age of 10 for the rendition of a song from the Tamil film Saivam ( 2014 ) . No award was given for this category in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1877f85c416507e6e19583157c6f3ba3", "text": "Sadanandan Rangorath Sadanandan Rangorath ( born July 14 , 1980 ) is an Indian film producer and businessman best known in Malayalam cinema.he entered malayalam cinema producer of Salt N ' Pepper directed by Aashiq Abu which got released in 2011 The Movie was the block buster of the year winning the Kerala State Award . for the popular movie of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69aa5e9cf09800bf822110dbdfc60980", "text": "Punjabi International Film Academy Awards Punjabi International Film Academy Awards also known as PIFAA Awards are presented to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals Punjabi Film Industry . The first ever awards function was held in Toronto , Canada in 2012 . The awards were organized by Parvasi Media Inc. and Canadian Government . The PIFA Awards consist of 15 categories and recognizes Punjabi films from across the world . Punjabi films from Pakistan are also included in a special category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a35670aa72f85d2b9a1df024a15e5281", "text": "4th Indonesian Choice Awards The 4th Indonesian Choice Awards ceremony , presented by the NET. , honored the best entertainment of the year in 2017 , and took place on May 21 , 2017 , at the Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor , West Java , at 7:00 p.m. WIB . During the ceremony , NET . were presented Indonesian Choice Awards in 12 categories ( totally 64 nominees , including a newest category Music Video of the Year ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . The awards ceremony aired live on NET . coinciding with the fourth anniversary celebration , entitled NET 4.0 . The annual awards have presented by Sarah Sechan , Vincent Rompies and Desta ( 2nd time overall ) . The nominees for this edition of ICA were first announced on April 25 , 2017 by NET . via Twitter . In addition to featured musician , NET . also featuring to international musician and artists , such as Jonas Blue , Robin Thicke and American magician Tony Chapek . Musician songwriter Tulus received the most nominations with four and was the most biggest winner of the night for taking home three awards , followed behind by Raisa who only received two awards trophy . Other winners included Gamaliel Audrey Cantika , who won Band/Group/Duo of the Year ( for the second year running ) , Rich Chigga who won Breakthrough Artist of the Year and etc. . Legend musician Bimbo has receiving the `` Lifetime Achievement Award '' from the Chief of the Creative Economy Agency Triawan Munaf , for their contribution work during 5th decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9b10f940dea3147617d29548b4cd93", "text": "Mr. India (1987 film) Mr. India is a 1987 Indian Hindi science fiction superhero film directed by Shekhar Kapur . It stars Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Amrish Puri in the lead roles The film was the highest grossing Indian film of 1987 , and remains a cult classic in India . The film was known for several of its lines and songs , including Sridevi 's Miss Hawa Hawaii performance , and Amrish Puri 's quote `` Mogambo khush hua '' ( Mogambo is pleased ) , which is one of the most famous quotes of Bollywood and became synonymous with Puri . The Mogambo character is also considered to be one of the best villains in Bollywood history . Laxmikant-Pyarelal 's music performed well too , especially the song Hawa Hawaii which is very popular till today . The film has often been featured in different lists of top Bollywood films . Indiatimes Movies ranks the movie amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films . This was the last film that the writing duo Salim-Javed wrote together . They had split up earlier in 1982 , but came back for one last film . On the centenary of Indian Cinema , Mr. India has been declared one of the 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time . Interestingly Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan were offered the lead role , but they turned it down as they could n't relate with the invisible hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd9d68abe63ec97adb70b5fc30ed87cc", "text": "Rang Rang ( English : Colours , Hindi : रंग , Urdu : رنگ , ) is a 1993 Bollywood romance film , produced by Mansoor Ahmed Siddiqui on ANAS Films banner and directed by Talat Jani . Starring Kamal Sadanah and Divya Bharti in the lead roles and Jeetendra , Amrita Singh and Ayesha Jhulka in the supporting roles and music composed by Nadeem-Shravan . Leading actress Divya Bharti died three months before the film was released and it was dedicated to her memory . The film was recorded as hit at the box office . This was also Amrita Singh 's last film before her decade long hiatus from acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4528b7a9c007b582d1a0ebd710a3cf", "text": "4th IIFA Awards The 2003 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 4th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2002 and took place on May 17 , 2003 . The official ceremony took place on April 6 , 2002 , at the Coca-Cola Dome , in Johannesburg . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories . In 2003 , IIFA returned to South Africa . This time , the sun-kissed shores of Johannesburg was the destination . For the IIFA Forum , Ramesh Sippy , Smita Thackeray , Kunal Dasgupta , Shyam Shroff and Harish Dayani sat together with moderator Vir Sanghvi and discussed piracy and explored new revenue streams for the industry . The first-ever IIFA Foundation Charity Celebrity Cricket Match was organized at the Centurion Grounds . It was supported by the entire IIFA contingent , consisting of Indian and South African film stars , celebrities , cricketers , government leaders , IIFA 's South African partners and Indian and South African fans . The IIFA Awards ceremony shone bright at the Dome at Northgate . The evening was a stunning showcase of talent and Indian charisma . Hosts Anil Kapoor and Dia Mirza swept the audience with charm . Las Ketchup , Saif Ali Khan , Rani Mukherjee , Shilpa Shetty , Akshay Kumar , Salman Khan and Ajay Jadeja set a scorching pace with their electrifying performances . With the light of a million stars shining down upon it , this edition of the IIFA Awards 2003 closed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60daf5f1da723199ff279dd7db45d14", "text": "1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to : 57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985 58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8c40c7d01ee2921bda9930228b3f6c", "text": "Ranga (1982 film) Ranga is a 1982 Tamil film starring Rajinikanth , Radhika and K. R. Vijaya in prominent roles . Produced by Thevar Films , the film was directed by R. Thyagarajan . The film received positive reviews and became a hit at the box office and become a cult film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "267cba1be1b6c55dae619481d798eab2", "text": "2011 Young Critics Circle Awards 22nd YCC Awards February 28 , 2012 Best Picture : Haruo The 22nd Young Critics Circle Awards , honoring the best in Philippine cinema for 2011 , were announced on February 28 , 2012 and presented on June 27 , 2012 at the Claro M. Recto Conference Hall , Faculty Center , UP Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" } ]
fever
3dff87256752a43543a9625424b26dbd
Tropic Thunder was produced by DreamWorks Pictures.
[ { "docid": "43e6d6fbf23e8d0ea6f9a6c05f14a436", "text": "Tropic Thunder Tropic Thunder is a 2008 satirical action comedy film co-written , produced , and directed by Ben Stiller . Stiller , Robert Downey Jr. and Jack Black star as a group of prima donna actors who are making a fictional Vietnam War film . When their frustrated director drops them in the middle of a jungle , they are forced to rely on their acting skills to survive the real action and danger . It was written by Stiller , Justin Theroux and Etan Cohen . The film was an international co-production between Germany , the United Kingdom , and the United States . DreamWorks Pictures and Red Hour Films produced it . Stiller 's idea for the film originated while playing a minor role in Empire of the Sun , and he later enlisted Theroux and Cohen to help complete the script . After the film was green-lit in 2006 , filming took place in 2007 on the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i over thirteen weeks and was later deemed the largest film production in the island 's history . The film had an extensive marketing promotion , including faux websites for the three main characters and their fictional films , airing a fictional television special , and selling the energy drink advertised in the film , `` Booty Sweat '' , directed by Dr. Hemlock . The film received generally positive reviews , with critics praising the film 's characters , story , faux trailers , and the performances of Stiller , Downey , and Tom Cruise , though the depiction of the mentally handicapped proved controversial . The film 's soundtrack and score debuted on August 5 , 2008 , before the film 's theatrical release . Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks released the film in the US on August 13 , 2008 . In its North American opening weekend , the film earned $ 26 million and retained the number one position for the first three weekends of release . Downey received Academy Award , BAFTA Award , and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for his performance , with both him and Cruise receiving nominations for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . The film grossed more than $ 188 million worldwide before its release on home video on November 18 , 2008 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7d63617603c673d6f94821af90ca7952", "text": "God of Thunder (2015 film) God of Thunder ( aka Dark Universe ) is a 2015 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "084f8e036ab6cf5bcc109264c1f5a33a", "text": "Dreamia Dreamia ( registered as Dreamia - Serviços de Televisão , S.A. ) is a producer of thematic channels for the Portuguese and African markets . It is a joint-venture between NOS and AMC Networks International Iberia . It produces the channels distributed by AMC Networks International Iberia . Dreamia channels are some of the most watched channels in Portuguese cable , with Canal Hollywood regularly surpassing RTP 2 's ratings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9928aefada6e5fa0b61235c1a850fccf", "text": "George T. Miller George Trumbull Miller ( born 1943 ) is a Scottish-Australian film and television director and producer . He has directed The Man from Snowy River , The NeverEnding Story II : The Next Chapter , and Zeus and Roxanne . He started his career in 1966 working for Crawford Productions . `` They trained you to do everything , they 'd throw you in at the deep end to see if you sank or swam , '' he said . `` I was one of the ones who swam -- you would n't get that training anywhere now . '' Miller says he was offered to direct `` Crocodile '' Dundee but had to turn it down because he was going to make another film at the time , which ended up not being made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a011327b104cfba2044192dd494531c4", "text": "Colossal Pictures Colossal Pictures ( styled as ( Colossal ) Pictures or ( C ) P ) was an entertainment company that developed and produced television programming , advertising , network branding , and visual effects . Colossal 's work has won every major industry award , from the Clio , Emmy and Grammy to the Cannes Gold Lion and Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Top Honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d9a1c7eea300947f3957782b0f97c69", "text": "The Thunderlords The Thunderlords are an American parody rock band . They describe themselves as `` heavy metal for kids . '' The band began primarily as the work of video-game programmer Alan Flores , a native of Los Angeles , with some help from his young daughter , Maya ( born 2000 ) . The 2005 album Noisy Songs for Noisy Kids has charted on children 's music charts in the US , Australia and Belgium . They are known best for their songs `` I Like Dirt '' and `` Ice Cream Headache '' on the soundtracks for the bestselling video games Tony Hawk 's American Wasteland , Tony Hawk 's Project 8 and Tony Hawk 's American Sk8land respectively . The latter game also won the IGN award for Best Licensed Soundtrack on PlayStation 3 in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a99eeaa6386a89559fb6dbaba07f302", "text": "System Shock System Shock is a 1994 first-person action role-playing video game developed by Looking Glass Technologies and published by Origin Systems . It was directed by Doug Church with Warren Spector serving as producer . The game is set aboard a space station in a cyberpunk vision of the year 2072 . Assuming the role of a nameless hacker , the player attempts to hinder the plans of a malevolent artificial intelligence called SHODAN . System Shock 3D engine , physics simulation and complex gameplay have been cited as both innovative and influential . The developers sought to build on the emergent gameplay and immersive environments of their previous games , Ultima Underworld : The Stygian Abyss and Ultima Underworld II : Labyrinth of Worlds , by streamlining their mechanics into a more `` integrated whole '' . Critics praised System Shock and hailed it as a major breakthrough in its genre . It was later placed on multiple hall of fame lists . The game was a moderate commercial success , with sales exceeding 170,000 copies , but Looking Glass ultimately lost money on the project . A sequel , System Shock 2 , was released by Looking Glass Studios and offshoot developer Irrational Games in 1999 . The 2000 game Deus Ex ( also produced by Spector ) and the 2007 game BioShock are spiritual successors to the two games . A remade version of the original game by Night Dive Studios is scheduled for release in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e790c3e3e9c6a35cb12e61b684bd69", "text": "Rocky Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and both written by and starring Sylvester Stallone . It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa , an uneducated but kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer working in a meat warehouse and as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia . Rocky starts out as a small-time club fighter , and later gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship . The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian , Burt Young as Adrian 's brother Paulie , Burgess Meredith as Rocky 's trainer Mickey Goldmill , and Carl Weathers as the champion , Apollo Creed . The film , made on a budget of just over $ 1 million and shot in 28 days , was a sleeper hit ; it earned $ 225 million in global box office receipts , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976 , and went on to win three Oscars , including Best Picture . The film received many positive reviews and turned Stallone into a major star . In 2006 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre , after Raging Bull , by the American Film Institute in 2008 . The film has spawned six sequels : Rocky II ( 1979 ) , Rocky III ( 1982 ) , Rocky IV ( 1985 ) , Rocky V ( 1990 ) , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed ( 2015 ) . Stallone portrays Rocky in all six sequels , wrote the first five , and directed four ( Avildsen returned to direct Rocky V and Ryan Coogler directed Creed ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d67e6f4e87164f14868e3f6cf979202e", "text": "The Lost World: Jurassic Park (film score) Like its predecessor , The Lost World : Jurassic Park was scored by famed composer John Williams ( a longtime collaborator with director Steven Spielberg ) , orchestrated by Conrad Pope and John Neufeld , and recorded in Los Angeles . Notably , Williams did not write a stereotypical sequel score , but instead developed a wildly different style for the different location , cast , and darker tone of the second Jurassic Park film . The original soundtrack album -- released by MCA Records on April 30 , 1997 -- features over seventy minutes of the film 's music , including some material that was unused in the film 's final cut ( e.g. `` The Hunt '' ) . The single disc is packaged in a paper case that opens to reveal dioramas of jungle scenery and dinosaurs from the film . A John Williams collection edition , joint with the soundtrack to the first movie , was released by La-La Land Records on November 29 , 2016 , remastered and featuring additional unreleased music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf777bb37ee96a0c3f614f975235b99", "text": "Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles . Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action . Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44870e0244427789df79e1aff5cf3252", "text": "Hammer of the Gods (2009 film) Hammer of the Gods ( known as THOR : Hammer of the Gods ) is a 2009 made-for-TV film , directed by Todor `` Toshko '' Chapkanov and produced by Jeffery Beach and Phillip J. Roth for the Syfy channel . It tells the story of the thunder god Thor , after he defeated the Midgard Serpent and died , then was reincarnated into a mortal man . Thor , along with his two brothers and friends travel to a mysterious island at Midgard 's edge , seeking glory and fame . Upon arriving they encounter strange creatures and they start searching the island for answers . Meanwhile , Thor keeps seeing visions of a mighty warrior and a big hammer and Freyja tells him that his visions are clues . So they start searching for the hammer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1769e5c52aaf5e4512faac3561a745da", "text": "Kennedy Miller Mitchell Kennedy Miller Mitchell ( before 2009 known as Kennedy Miller ) is an Australian film , television and video game production house in Potts Point , Sydney , that has been producing television and film since 1978 . It is responsible for some of Australia 's most well known and successful films , including the four Mad Max films , the two Babe films , and the two Happy Feet films . Kennedy Miller Mitchell is one of Australia 's oldest existing film production companies , and the internationally most successful . Many of the films are directed by the co-founder , George Miller , though he sometimes takes an organisational role and prefers to use someone else to direct , as with Babe , which was directed by Chris Noonan . The company 's most recent project was the fourth Mad Max film , titled Mad Max : Fury Road . After being `` in development hell for 25 years '' , the film was released to critical acclaim on May 15 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dfae28aeff71bab7e1e11d0c69a72fa", "text": "Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 British stop-motion animated comedy action film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation . United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom , and it was the last DreamWorks animated film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States . It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run ( 2000 ) . The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is based on the Wallace and Gromit short film series , created by Park . The film follows eccentric inventor Wallace ( voiced by Peter Sallis ) and his mute and intelligent dog , Gromit , as they come to the rescue of the residents of a village which is being plagued by a mutant rabbit before an annual vegetable competition . The film introduces a number of new characters , and features a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes . It was a critical and commercial success , and won a number of film awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win ( after Shrek ) , as well as both the second non American animated film and second non computer animated film to have received this achievement ( after Spirited Away ) . It is also the only stop motion film to win the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64fe90046d77d40550dff87344aa0ead", "text": "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice . The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" } ]
fever
3729a6508fb04f1a9f8ce0d9dd3f54c3
Linda McCartney was an artist.
[ { "docid": "23868457db777a6bcb07e660c3100d12", "text": "Linda McCartney Linda Louise , Lady McCartney ( née Eastman ; formerly See ; September 24 , 1941 -- April 17 , 1998 ) was an American musician , photographer , animal rights activist , entrepreneur and publisher who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles . Prior to marrying Paul , she was a professional photographer of celebrities and contemporary musicians , with her work published in music industry magazines . Her photos were also published in the book Linda McCartney 's Sixties : Portrait of an Era , in 1992 . Linda married McCartney in 1969 at St John 's Wood Church in London . Her daughter , Heather Louise , from her first marriage to Melville See , was adopted by her new husband . Together , the McCartneys had three other children . In 1971 , after they married and following the break-up of the Beatles the previous year , Paul and Linda McCartney recorded the album Ram . Shortly afterwards , they formed the band Wings . She continued to be part of her husband 's touring band following Wings ' break-up in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993 . She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks , and founded the Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband . In 1995 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease in 1998 at the age of 56 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "17127a9c0077d7912b8aacffa36bb2f6", "text": "Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( born February 18 , 1933 ) is a Japanese multimedia artist , singer , songwriter , and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking . She performs in both English and Japanese . She is the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles . Ono grew up in Tokyo and studied at Gakushuin . She withdrew from her course after two years and rejoined her family in New York in 1953 . She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College , and then became involved in New York City 's downtown artists scene , including the Fluxus group . She first met Lennon in 1966 at her own art exhibition in London , and they became a couple in 1968 . With their performance Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal in 1969 , Ono and Lennon famously used their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War . She brought feminism to the forefront in her music , influencing artists as diverse as the B-52s and Meredith Monk . Ono achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy , a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his death . Public appreciation of Ono 's work has shifted over time , helped by a retrospective at a Whitney Museum branch in 1989 and the 1992 release of the six-disc box set Onobox . Retrospectives of her artwork have also been presented at the Japan Society in New York City in 2001 , in Bielefeld , Germany , and the UK in 2008 , Frankfurt , and Bilbao , Spain , in 2013 and MOMA in New York City in 2015 . She received a Golden Lion Award for lifetime achievement from the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the 2012 Oskar Kokoschka Prize , Austria 's highest award for applied contemporary art . As Lennon 's widow , Ono works to preserve his legacy . She funded Strawberry Fields in Manhattan 's Central Park , the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland , and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama , Japan ( which closed in 2010 ) . She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts , peace , Philippine and Japan disaster relief , and other causes . In 2012 Yoko Ono received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt . The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary , non-violent commitment to human rights . Ono continues her social activism , inaugurating a biennial $ 50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace in 2002 and co-founding the group Artists Against Fracking in 2012 . She has a daughter , Kyoko Chan Cox , from her marriage to Anthony Cox and a son , Sean Taro Ono Lennon , from her marriage to Lennon . She collaborates musically with Sean Lennon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a45a018504512e85090cbdeb5e1bcc6", "text": "Only Love Remains `` Only Love Remains '' is the fourth single from Paul McCartney 's 1986 album , Press to Play . The song reached number 34 on the UK singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bdfb102bd5c3d5fdfb9161ca904bb2e", "text": "Up Close (Jesse McCartney album) Up Close is a DVD by American pop singer Jesse McCartney . It was released on September 20 , 2005 through Hollywood Records and features music videos , live performances and behind the scenes footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d2323c786e9e02dcc781b69c051d75d", "text": "Linda Mason Linda Mason is a makeup and visual artist famous since the 1970s for her creative and exciting use of color .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33bb4f94ee29446918dab63d64a4080b", "text": "Really Love You `` Really Love You '' is a song written by Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr -- their first-ever shared credit -- and originally released on McCartney 's 1997 album Flaming Pie . In 2005 , a remixed version was released as a limited edition 12 '' vinyl , from the album Twin Freaks . The song was written during a jam session the day after McCartney and Starr recorded `` Beautiful Night '' , another song on Flaming Pie that features Starr on drums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbdb4a040ee858b6b9f6e1dc792e2c47", "text": "Tell Me What You See `` Tell Me What You See '' is a song by the Beatles that first appeared in 1965 on their album Help ! in the United Kingdom and on Beatles VI in the United States . As with all Beatles compositions by either of the two , the song is credited to Lennon -- McCartney . Regarding the song 's authorship , Paul McCartney said , `` I seem to remember it as mine . I would claim it as a 60-40 but it might have been totally me . '' Lennon said , in his interviews with Playboy ( 1980 ) and Hit Parader ( 1972 ) , that `` Tell Me What You See '' was written completely by McCartney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "176870ae8a3acb4a5df4ec199247992e", "text": "A Leaf A Leaf is a classical piece written by Paul McCartney , with assistance from John Fraser , and performed by Anya Alexeyev on piano . The piece is split into 7 parts . The piece was recorded live in front of Prince Charles as part of the `` An Evening with Paul McCartney & Friends '' concert on 23 March 1995 at Royal College of Music , while it was debuted on US radio as part of a radio special , titled Classical McCartney . An attempted orchestrated version was recorded on 23 July 1996 , at AIR Studios , in London . An extended version , performed by the London Symphony Orchestra , appears on McCartney 's 1999 album , Working Classical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d388eab65deff90e90366aa29586a40", "text": "It's Only Love `` It 's Only Love '' is a song written mostly by John Lennon , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . It was first released by the Beatles in 1965 , on the Help ! album in the United Kingdom , and on the Rubber Soul album in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d837b8f1a48b8e3ca01f03485efad86", "text": "Eleanor Rigby `` Eleanor Rigby '' is a song by the Beatles , released on the 1966 album Revolver and as a 45 rpm single . It was written primarily by Paul McCartney , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The song continued the transformation of the Beatles from a mainly rock and roll - and pop-oriented act to a more experimental , studio-based band . With a double string quartet arrangement by George Martin and striking lyrics about loneliness , `` Eleanor Rigby '' broke sharply with popular music conventions , both musically and lyrically . Richie Unterberger of Allmusic cites the band 's `` singing about the neglected concerns and fates of the elderly '' on the song as `` just one example of why the Beatles ' appeal reached so far beyond the traditional rock audience '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24eb0cce6cf6fd8c34eb1ea959aec17a", "text": "Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records Come and Get It : The Best of Apple Records is a greatest hits compilation album containing songs by artists signed to the Beatles ' Apple record label between 1968 and 1973 . The first such multi-artist Apple compilation , it was released on 25 October 2010 . Among the artists are Badfinger , Mary Hopkin , James Taylor , Billy Preston , Jackie Lomax , Ronnie Spector and Hot Chocolate . In most cases , the recordings were produced by one of the Beatles , with George Harrison and Paul McCartney being the most heavily represented on the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5784460fab954607c55204fad19a555b", "text": "The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 . The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album . The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . '' Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album . Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2", "text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a824092c6a0840be30c48662145428d", "text": "Lark (album) Lark is the second studio album released by British singer songwriter Linda Lewis . It was recorded at Apple studio for Reprise Records and released in 1972 . The cover was designed by English art director John Kosh with photography by Peter Howe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e40385d7979fe2224a8b24d83f2ecc9", "text": "All for the Beatles `` All for the Beatles '' is a song written and released in 1964 by Harry Nilsson and John Marascalco . It was released as a single with the alternative title `` Stand Up and Holler '' under Nilsson 's pseudonym Foto-Fi Four and was packaged with a synchronized standard 8 mm film of The Beatles first arriving in the United States in 1964 . The rhythm of `` All for the Beatles '' is similar to that of `` Not Fade Away '' , a Buddy Holly cover by The Rolling Stones , which was also based on Bo Diddley 's song `` Bo Diddley '' . The song , which preempted the later friendship and collaboration of Nilsson with The Beatles , was not a commercial success , but the single became a sought-after collectible . A cover version was later released as `` All for the Beatles ( Stand Up and Holler ) '' by The Originals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fd063a0dce1c751322ebe6da64e5a17", "text": "Fireman Radio Fireman Radio was a limited-run channel on Sirius XM Radio , devoted to the music of Paul McCartney . The channel aired from February 14-March 13 , 2009 on Sirius channel 33 and XM channel 27 , temporarily pre-empting the soft-rock channel The Bridge . The commercial-free Fireman Radio was launched in celebration of McCartney 's new album , Electric Arguments , and featured music from the records of McCartney himself , Wings , and the three albums created by the Fireman , as well as some surprises . It also featured a new , in-depth interview with McCartney and periodic `` fireside chats , '' where the singer would speak his thoughts on cultural matters like politics , current events , music , and other assorted topics . Sirius XM also featured exclusive video clips from the McCartney interview on the Fireman Radio website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a35c5d51af99f7fed73cbbfca053b14", "text": "Duets (Linda Ronstadt album) Duets is a compilation album by Linda Ronstadt . It was released on the Rhino Records label in April 2014 , a few days before Ronstadt 's induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame . The album peaked at number 32 on the Billboard album chart - Ronstadt 's highest charting album in 24 years . The songs on the album were all previously released with the exception of `` Pretty Bird '' . In his review for AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that `` generally , this Duets emphasizes the sweeter , softer , and slower side of Ronstadt , a move that makes for pleasant listening '' . As of December , 2016 , this release had sold a total of 81,316 copies per Nielsen SoundScan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e1c342a05025ca8c8f60db693248de1a
In America, the Jim Crow laws were in effect.
[ { "docid": "a6a6d739879eae6b4a26966f3ab30e4a", "text": "Jim Crow laws Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States . Enacted by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures in the late nineteenth century after the Reconstruction period , these laws continued to be enforced until 1965 . They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America , starting in 1890 with a `` separate but equal '' status for African Americans in railroad cars . Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War . This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation , including segregated cars on interstate trains and , later , buses . Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans ; sometimes they did not exist at all . This body of law institutionalized a number of economic , educational , and social disadvantages . De jure segregation existed mainly in the Southern states , while Northern segregation was generally de facto -- patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants , bank lending practices , and job discrimination , including discriminatory labor union practices . `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' . Jim Crow laws -- sometimes , as in Florida , part of state constitutions -- mandated the segregation of public schools , public places , and public transportation , and the segregation of restrooms , restaurants , and drinking fountains for whites and blacks . The U.S. military was already segregated . President Woodrow Wilson initiated segregation of federal workplaces at the request of southern Cabinet members in 1913 . These Jim Crow laws revived principles of the 1800 -- 1866 Black Codes , which had previously restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans . Segregation of public ( state-sponsored ) schools was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education . In some states it took years to implement this decision . Generally , the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , but years of action and court challenges have been needed to unravel the many means of institutional discrimination .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1580fad2f4cfb9aab9ac957ba519b5a3", "text": "Slave Power The Slave Power or Slaveocracy was the perceived political power in the U.S. federal government held by slave owners during the 1840s and 1850s , prior to the Civil War . Antislavery campaigners during this period bitterly complained about what they saw as disproportionate and corrupt influence wielded by wealthy Southerners . The argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery . The argument was widely used by the Republican Party that formed in 1854 -- 55 to oppose the expansion of slavery . The main issue expressed by the term slave power was distrust of the political power of the slave-owning class . Such distrust was shared by many who were not abolitionists ; those who were motivated more by a possible threat to the political balance or the impossibility of competing with unwaged slave labor , than by concern over the treatment of slaves . Those who differed on many other issues ( such as hating blacks or liking them , denouncing slavery as a sin or promising to guarantee its protection in the Deep South ) could unite to attack the slaveocracy . The `` Free Soil '' element emphasized that rich slave owners would move into new territory , use their cash to buy up all the good lands , then use their slaves to work the lands , leaving little opportunity room for free farmers . By 1854 the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican party . The term was popularized by antislavery writers such as John Gorham Palfrey , Josiah Quincy III , Horace Bushnell , James Shepherd Pike , and Horace Greeley . Politicians who emphasized the theme included John Quincy Adams , Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessenden . Abraham Lincoln used the concept after 1854 but not the term . They showed through a combination of emotive argument and hard statistical data that the South had long held a disproportionate level of power in the United States . Historian Allan Nevins contends that `` nearly all groups ... steadily substituted emotion for reason . ... Fear fed hatred , and hatred fed fear . '' The existence of a Slave Power was dismissed by Southerners at the time , and rejected as false by many historians of the 1920s and 1930s , who stressed the internal divisions in the South before 1850 . The idea that the Slave Power existed has partly come back at the hands of neoabolitionist historians since 1970 , and there is no doubt that it was a powerful factor in the Northern anti-slavery belief system . It was standard rhetoric for all factions of the Republican party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d74078a0c944114f085071466efe3863", "text": "Segregation in Seattle While Seattle is probably the furthest place in the continental United States from where the Civil Rights movement is typically associated , typically the Deep South , segregation and racial prejudices effected the northwest just as much as it did other regions in the United States . Before World War II Seattle 's population was predominantly Caucasian . After the war Seattle 's population increased by about 100,000 people , from all over the country , causing many neighborhoods and schools to go up in numbers and diversity ) . As the number of people increased so did the need of new school buildings . While Seattle , in the later years -- the 1960s through 1980s -- made strides to accommodate decisions like the Brown vs. Board of Education things like White flight made it difficult to fully integrate schools because of the de facto segregation happening in the communities . As a result , African-Americans in Seattle were concentrated into one area which was labeled The Central District . It was here that a majority of the black population lived and went to school . In the 1960s , Seattle was home to only nine black schools in The Central District , and almost 100 white schools on outside parts of town . On March 31 and April 1 , 1966 thousands of Seattle Public School students boycotted the Central District in search for equality in the school systems . Many believed that the problems in the schools stemmed from almost 10,000 students being pushed into a limited amount of space . These locations were often underfunded and understaffed which resulted in poor test schools and low graduation rates . The number of protesters soon grew , including thousands of white students , and three public school teachers . The outpouring support for the issue forced the Seattle School Board to grant the public with a real solution to the problem . Today , Seattle recognizes this protest as the Seattle Public Schools Boycott of 1966 Segregation was also found in the Seattle neighborhood hospitals that refused treatment to African Americans . For example , if a black patient wanted treatment at Providence Hospital they would need to pay for a private room . Swedish Medical Center used the statement : `` will not receive Negroes at this time . '' While Virginia Mason Nursing school wrote : `` In regards to our policy , we do not accept Negroes , Japanese , etc. . '' While de jure segregation enforced by law is no longer practiced , Seattle remains a highly racially segregated city . This is both from the aftermath of legalized segregation and the result of a continued practice of de facto segregation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e16c7b38f610ddba2ff286ed9195dd3", "text": "South Carolina's 6th congressional district The 6th Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in central and eastern South Carolina . It includes all of Allendale , Bamberg , Barnwell , Clarendon , Colleton , Hampton and Williamsburg counties and parts of Beaufort , Berkeley , Calhoun , Charleston , Dorchester , Georgetown , Orangeburg and Richland counties . The district borders were shifted south in the 2012 redistricting . It lost its share of the North Carolina border , and now takes in part of the area near the South Carolina-Georgia border . The district was defined in the early 1990s in a deal between state Republicans ( mostly white ) and Democrats ( mostly black ) in the South Carolina General Assembly to ensure a majority-black population , known as a majority-minority district . The rural counties of the historical black belt in South Carolina make up much of the district , but it sweeps south to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Charleston , and sweeps west to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Columbia . In all of its configurations , its politics have been dominated by black voters in the Columbia and Charleston areas . Following the Reconstruction era , the white Democratic-dominated legislature passed Jim Crow laws , as well as a new constitution in 1895 that effectively disfranchised blacks , crippling the Republican Party in the state . For most of the next 60 years , South Carolina was essentially a one-party state dominated by the Democrats , and blacks were nearly excluded from the political system . Demographic and political changes have included the Great Migration ( African American ) of blacks out of the state during the Jim Crow era in the first half of the 20th century . At the same time , many white Democrats felt chagrin at the national party 's greater support of civil rights for blacks from the 1940s onward , and began splitting their tickets in federal elections . After successes of the Civil Rights Movement in gaining passage of federal legislation in the mid-1960s to enforce their constitutional rights and ability to vote , blacks in South Carolina supported national Democratic candidates . This prompted a massive wave of party-switching in which white conservatives began moving into the Republican Party . Since the late 20th century , South Carolina politics have been very racially polarized . Republicans in South Carolina have been mostly white , and most African Americans in the state continue to support the Democrats . In the 21st century , the 6th is considered the only `` safe '' Democratic district in the state . Before 1993 , this district included the northeastern part of the state , from Darlington to Myrtle Beach . It was a classic `` Yellow Dog '' Democratic district ; in this configuration it only elected two Republicans , both for a single term . In 2012 , the new 7th congressional district was created ; it includes much of the territory that was in the 6th for most of the 20th century . Jim Clyburn , a Democrat and the current Assistant House Minority Leader , has represented this district since first being elected in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "308dfa1c6b2d9d2010926c8ca82c09cd", "text": "Racial Integrity Act of 1924 On March 20 , 1924 , the Virginia General Assembly passed two laws that had arisen out of contemporary concerns about eugenics and race : SB 219 , titled `` The Racial Integrity Act '' and SB 281 , `` An ACT to provide for the sexual sterilization of inmates of State institutions in certain cases '' , henceforth referred to as `` The Sterilization Act ' '' . The Racial Integrity Act of 1924 was one of a series of laws designed to prevent interracial relationships . The Racial Integrity Act required that a racial description of every person be recorded at birth and divided society into only two classifications : white and colored ( essentially all other , which included numerous American Indians ) . It defined race by the `` one-drop rule '' , defining as `` colored '' persons with any African or Native American ancestry . It also expanded the scope of Virginia 's ban on interracial marriage ( anti-miscegenation law ) by criminalizing all marriages between white persons and non-white persons . In 1967 the law was overturned by the United States Supreme Court in its ruling on Loving v. Virginia . The Sterilization Act provided for compulsory sterilization of persons deemed to be `` feebleminded , '' including the `` insane , idiotic , imbecile , or epileptic . '' These two laws were Virginia 's implementation of Harry Laughlin 's `` Model Eugenical Sterilization Law '' , published two years earlier in 1922 . The Sterilization Act was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case Buck v. Bell '' 274 U.S. 200 ( 1927 ) . This had appealed the order for compulsory sterilization of Carrie Buck , who was an inmate in the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded , and her daughter and mother . Together these laws implemented the practice of `` scientific eugenics '' in Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3361c32fad3bc1747a00c5b436e8b9df", "text": "Black people Black people is a term used in certain countries , often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity , to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations . As such , the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies , and depends significantly on context . For many other individuals , communities and countries , `` black '' is also perceived as a derogatory , outdated , reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label , and as a result is neither used nor defined . Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as `` black '' , and these social constructs have also changed over time . In a number of countries , societal variables affect classification as much as skin color , and the social criteria for `` blackness '' vary . For example , in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin , but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American , with a family history typically associated with institutionalized slavery . In the United Kingdom , `` black '' was historically equivalent with `` person of color '' , a general term for non-European peoples . In South Africa and Latin America , mixed-race people are generally not classified as `` black '' . In other regions such as Australasia , settlers applied the term `` black '' or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ccaa4c38b12ccfb9d61667a0c088e85", "text": "Constitutional carry In the United States , the term constitutional carry , also called permitless carry , is a neologism for the legal carrying of a handgun , both openly and concealed , without the requirement of a government permit . The phrase does not typically refer to the unrestricted carrying of a long gun , a knife , or other weapons . The scope and applicability of such laws or proposed legislation can vary from state to state . The phrase `` constitutional carry '' reflects the view that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution permits no restrictions or other regulations on gun ownership . This ideal also stems from Supremacy Clause of The United States Constitution , found in Article V , Section 2 , wherein the Supremacy Clause declares the Constitution as the `` Supreme Law of the Land . '' , thus the term `` constitutional carry '' . Supporters of constitutional carry relate that the Second Amendment is decreed by the United States Constitution , aforementioned the `` The Supreme Law of the Land '' , and therefore takes precedence over any other gun law that would restrict or violate the right to keep or bear arms in any way . Many arguments against constitutional carry concern the connotation of the wording in the Second Amendment . Although District of Columbia v. Heller , decided by the Supreme Court of the United States ( SCOTUS ) in 2008 , suggests that some state or local controls may be allowed , at least as to certain types of weapons . Prior to Heller there have been many other cases that have upheld both state and federal gun control laws under the Second Amendment . The Heller case was extended by the Court in McDonald v. Chicago , decided in 2010 , holding the 2nd and 14th Amendments to the Constitution were `` fully incorporated '' and thus the right to '' ... keep and bear arms applies to the States and not ` in a watered-down version ' but ` fully applicable ' ... , '' and does limit State and local governments in passing laws that restrict this `` individual '' and `` fundamental '' right to '' ... keep and bear arms , '' for self-defense . Self-defense was considered by the SCOTUS a '' ... central component of the 2nd Amendment . '' All of the state laws described below operate in the context of federal regulation regarding the transfer and sale of firearms . Firearms and ammunition are subject to taxation as well . `` Constitutional carry '' is also sometimes known as `` Vermont carry '' , `` permitless carry '' , or `` unrestricted carry '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5668bb9e5dbf4c3a2e1088f60b7aefaf", "text": "Judiciary Act of 1802 The United States Judiciary Act of 1802 ( 2 Stat . 156 ) was a Federal statute , enacted on April 29 , 1802 , to reorganize the federal court system . It restored some elements of the Judiciary Act of 1801 , which had been adopted by the Federalist majority in the previous Congress , but was repealed by the Democratic-Republican majority earlier in 1802 . The Act restructured the circuit courts into six circuits , and assigned one Supreme Court justice to each circuit . Unlike the 1801 Act , no new circuit judgeships were created , so the justices were faced with having to return to the practice of `` riding circuit '' to hold court in each district within their circuit , along with the local district judge , during the majority of the year . No circuit courts were created for the judicial districts of Kentucky , Tennessee , Maine , or the territories , although the 1801 Act would have done so . Since the circuit courts were now to consist of only two judges , the Act permitted them to certify to the Supreme Court any question of law on which the two could not agree . Also , the district judge was not permitted to hear appeals of his own decisions , so appeals from the district courts were decided by the circuit justice alone . But the most important part of the Act was the provision that a quorum of only one judge was needed to convene a circuit court . As a result , Supreme Court justices could often rely on district court judges to convene circuit courts . With circuit riding largely optional , Supreme Court justices were no longer saddled with what they had previously felt was a tremendous burden . The Act 's flexibility proved crucial to the demise of circuit riding , which essentially disappeared by 1840 . The Act also created additional district courts by dividing the District of North Carolina into the districts of Albemarle , Cape Fear , and Pamptico , and by dividing the District of Tennessee into the Eastern and Western Districts of Tennessee . No new judgeships were created for these courts ; however , the district judges in North Carolina and Tennessee had to hold court in each district within their state , and the North Carolina judge also had to sit on the circuit court ( which , however , continued to sit for the state as a whole , not in the separate district court districts ) . The Act established a United States District Court for the District of Columbia , although this court is not the direct predecessor of today 's court bearing the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22867ae64daea8d87cebae26f24032bc", "text": "We Charge Genocide We Charge Genocide : The Crime of Government Against the Negro People is a paper accusing the United States government of genocide based on the UN Genocide Convention . This paper was written by the Civil Rights Congress ( CRC ) and presented to the United Nations at meetings in Paris in December 1951 . The document pointed out that the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide defined genocide as any acts committed with `` intent to destroy '' a group , `` in whole or in part . '' To build its case for black genocide , the document cited many instances of lynching in the United States , as well as legal discrimination , disenfranchisement of blacks in the South , a series of incidents of police brutality dating to the present , and systematic inequalities in health and quality of life . The central argument : the US government is both complicit with and responsible for a genocidal situation based on the UN 's own definition of genocide . The document received international media attention and became caught up in Cold War politics , as the CRC was supported by the American Communist Party . Its many examples of shocking conditions for African Americans shaped beliefs about the United States in countries across the world . The American government and white press accused the CRC of exaggerating racial inequality in order to advance the cause of Communism . The US State Department forced CRC secretary William L. Patterson to surrender his passport after he presented the petition to a UN meeting in Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d629903e22efcba0b764a7b559d5a97", "text": "Twenty Negro Law The `` Twenty Negro Law '' , also known as the `` Twenty Slave Law '' and the `` Twenty Nigger Law '' , was a piece of legislation enacted by the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War . The law specifically exempted from Confederate military service one white man for every twenty slaves owned on a Confederate plantation , or for two or more plantations within five miles of each other that collectively had twenty or more slaves . Passed as part of the Second Conscription Act in 1862 , the law was a reaction to United States President Abraham Lincoln 's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation , which was issued barely three weeks earlier . The law addressed Confederate fears of a slave rebellion due to so many white men being absent from home , as they were fighting in the Confederate army . The Confederacy enacted the first conscription laws in United States history , and the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were conscripts was nearly double that of United States soldiers . The law would prove extremely unpopular with poorer white Confederate men , many of whom did not own any slaves at all , and would contribute to the often-repeated adage of the Confederate war effort being `` a rich man 's war , but a poor man 's fight . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8821d59ee846a618b8a99d7f2462d828", "text": "Multiracial Americans Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of `` two or more races '' . The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially ( cf. the one-drop rule ) . In the 2010 US census , approximately 9 million individuals , or 2.9 % of the population , self-identified as multiracial . There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number , but people live according to social and cultural identities , not DNA . Historical reasons , including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans , often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity , generally that of the culture in which they were raised . Prior to the mid-20th century , many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities . While many Americans may be biologically multiracial , they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally , any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries . After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era , and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country , more people are openly forming interracial unions . In addition , social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to `` pass '' as white . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States , such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos . Since the 1980s , the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement ( cf. Loving Day ) . Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins , the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial . In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States ; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American . Today , multiracial individuals are found in every corner of the country . Multiracial groups in the United States include many African Americans , Louisiana Creoles , Métis Americans , Mestizo Americans , Hapas , Melungeons , Lumbees , Houmas , and several other communities found primarily in the Eastern US . Many Native Americans are multiracial in ancestry while identifying fully as members of federally recognized tribes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8acf425ef00387e2c53b5c1c1e2182a7", "text": "Civil Rights Cases The Civil Rights Cases , 109 US 3 ( 1883 ) were a group of five US Supreme Court constitutional law cases . Against the famous dissent of Justice Harlan , a majority held the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional , because Congress lacked authority to regulate private affairs under the Fourteenth Amendment , and that the Thirteenth Amendment `` merely abolishes slavery '' . The Civil Rights Act of 1875 had banned race discrimination in access to services offered to the public . The decision was effectively reversed in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court from 1937 , and finally by legislation under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c8a66622f350522011401d7363c6187", "text": "Amnesty Act The Amnesty Act of May 22 , 1872 was a United States federal law which reversed most of the penalties imposed on former Confederates by the Fourteenth Amendment . Specifically , the Act removed voting restrictions and office-holding disqualification against most of the secessionists who rebelled in the American Civil War , except for `` senators and Representatives of the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses and officers in the judicial , military , and naval service of the United States , heads of Departments , and foreign ministers of the United States . '' The act was passed by the 42nd United States Congress and the original restrictive Act was passed by the United States Congress in May 1866 . The 1872 Act affected over 150,000 former slaves Confederate troops who had taken part in the American Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1e1246626869d43d25992b6adbacfb7", "text": "Freedom suit Freedom suits were lawsuits in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States filed by enslaved people against slaveholders to assert claims to freedom , often based on descent from a free maternal ancestor , or time held as a resident in a free state or territory . The right to petition for freedom descended from English common law and allowed people to challenge their enslavement or indenture . Petitioners challenged slavery both directly and indirectly , even if slaveholders generally viewed such petitions as a means to uphold rather than undermine slavery . Beginning with the colonies in North America , legislatures enacted slave laws that created a legal basis for `` just subjection ; '' these were adopted or updated by the state and territorial legislatures that superseded them after the United States gained independence . These codes also enabled enslaved persons to sue for freedom based on wrongful enslavement . While some cases were tried during the colonial period , the majority of petitions for freedom were heard during the antebellum period in the border or the Southern United States . After the American Revolution , most northern states abolished slavery and were considered `` free . '' The United States Congress prohibited slavery in some newly established territories , and some new states were admitted to the union as free states . The rise in travel and migration of masters with slaves between free and slave states resulted in conditions that gave rise to slaves suing for freedom . Many free states had residency limits for masters who brought slaves into their territory ; after that time , the slave would be considered free . Some slaves sued for wrongful enslavement after being held in a free state . Other grounds for suit were that the person was freeborn and illegally held in slavery , or that the person was illegally held because of being descended from a freeborn woman in the maternal line . The principle of partus sequitur ventrem , first incorporated into English colonial slavery law by a 1662 statute in Virginia , established that children 's status was that of the mother . It was adopted into law by other English colonies , and the states of the United States . In Saint Louis , Missouri records of nearly 300 petition cases have been found that were filed between 1807 and 1860 , and in Washington , D.C. nearly 500 petition cases were filed in the same period . A large portion of cases , as much as one-third , either never went to trial or were settled out of court . In the early nineteenth century in St. Louis and in Washington , D.C. , nearly half of the attorneys at the bar may have acted as counsel for slave petitions . In Missouri , the courts assigned an attorney to the petitioner if it accepted a freedom suit for hearing ; some of the top attorneys in St. Louis defended slaves . After the 1830s , the number of petition cases gradually declined . But from 1800 to 1830 , most of the bar in these cities tried a petition case . Before the end of the eighteenth century , some southern states began to make petitioning for freedom more difficult . Maryland , for example , in 1796 required that county courts serve as the court of original jurisdiction , rather than the General Court of the Western Shore , an appellate court . The county courts clearly would be more favorable to the interests and views of the local planters against whom these suits were often filed . The legislature also banned those with antislavery sympathies from serving on juries in freedom suits . Virginia passed a similar law on jury composition in 1798 . But , for a few decades , courts in slave states such as Louisiana , Mississippi , and Missouri often respected the precedent of `` once free , always free '' established by free states . Until the late 1850s , they ruled that slaves who had been held in free states maintained their freedom even if brought back into slave states . Until the Civil War brought an end to slavery , thousands of freedom suits were tried in state courts across the country , with some slaves petitioning as high as the Supreme Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8df171049db959b400f947346bdd2b86", "text": "Desegregation busing Desegregation busing in the United States ( also known as forced busing or simply busing ) is the practice of assigning and transporting students to schools in such a manner as to redress prior racial segregation of schools , or to overcome the effects of residential segregation on local school demographics . In 1954 , the U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional . The process of integrating public schools met fierce resistance in the South where segregation laws took hold after the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era of the United States . In Northern and Western states , de facto segregation was the customary practice . Due to patterns of residential segregation , a principal tool for racial integration was the use of busing . In the 1971 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling , the Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts had the discretion to include busing as a desegregation tool to achieve racial balance . While the Swann decision addressed de jure segregation in the South , it failed to address de facto segregation which persisted elsewhere in the country . In Georgia , Governor Jimmy Carter saw that Swann was `` clearly a one-sided decision ; the Court is still talking about the South , the North is still going free '' . In the 1974 Milliken v. Bradley decision , the U.S. Supreme Court placed an important limitation on Swann when they ruled that students could be bused across district lines only when evidence of de jure segregation across multiple school districts existed . In the 1970s and 1980s , under federal court supervision , many school districts implemented mandatory busing plans within their district . A few of these plans are still in use today . An example of stiff resistance to desegregation busing was the Restore Our Alienated Rights movement in Boston . Since the 1980s , desegregation busing has been in decline . Even though school districts provided zero-fare bus transportation to and from students ' assigned schools , those schools were in some cases many miles away from students ' homes , which often presented problems to them and their families . In addition , many families were angry about having to send their children miles to another school in an unfamiliar neighborhood when there was an available school a short distance away . The movement of large numbers of white families to suburbs of large cities , so-called white flight , reduced the effectiveness of the policy . Many whites who stayed moved their children into private or parochial schools ; these effects combined to make many urban school districts predominantly nonwhite , reducing any effectiveness mandatory busing may have had . In addition , school districts started using magnet schools , new school construction , and more detailed computer-generated information to refine their school assignment plans . Due to these efforts and the fact that housing patterns had changed , by the early 1990s , most school districts had been released from court supervision and ceased using mandatory busing to try to desegregate schools . However , many continued to provide a similar level of school bus services , because families had become accustomed to the transportation and to the school choice available in recent assignment programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "808e34fb238240e4687cfc7af2432e5b", "text": "Civil rights movements Civil rights movements are a worldwide series of political movements for equality before the law , that peaked in the 1960s . In many situations they have been characterized by nonviolent protests , or have taken the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change through nonviolent forms of resistance . In some situations , they have been accompanied , or followed , by civil unrest and armed rebellion . The process has been long and tenuous in many countries , and many of these movements did not , or have yet to , fully achieve their goals , although the efforts of these movements have led to improvements in the legal rights of some previously oppressed groups of people , in some places . The main aim of the successful Civil Rights Movement and other social movements for civil rights included ensuring that the rights of all people were and are equally protected by the law . These include but are not limited to the rights of minorities , women 's rights , and LGBT rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8eae82a811d860f395f9b32b466621", "text": "Cultural assimilation of Native Americans The cultural assimilation of Native Americans was an assimilation effort by the United States to transform Native American culture to European -- American culture between the years of 1790 -- 1920 . George Washington and Henry Knox were first to propose , in an American context , the cultural transformation of Native Americans . They formulated a policy to encourage the `` civilizing '' process . With increased waves of immigration from Europe , there was growing public support for education to encourage a standard set of cultural values and practices to be held in common by the majority of citizens . Education was viewed as the primary method in the acculturation process for minorities . Americanization policies were based on the idea that when indigenous people learned United States ( American ) customs and values , they would be able to merge tribal traditions with American culture and peacefully join the majority of the society . After the end of the Indian Wars , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the government outlawed the practice of traditional religious ceremonies . It established Native American boarding schools which children were required to attend . In these schools they were forced to speak English , study standard subjects , attend church , and leave tribal traditions behind . The Dawes Act of 1887 , which allotted tribal lands in severalty to individuals , was seen as a way to create individual homesteads for Native Americans . Land allotments were made in exchange for Native Americans ' becoming US citizens and giving up some forms of tribal self-government and institutions . It resulted in the transfer of an estimated total of 93 e6acre from Native American control . Most was sold to individuals or given out free through the Homestead law , or given directly to Indians as individuals . The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 was also part of Americanization policy ; it gave full citizenship to all Indians living on reservations . The leading opponent of forced assimilation was John Collier , who directed the federal Office of Indian Affairs from 1933 to 1945 , and tried to reverse many of the established policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b6397c9919fcf5153905962b6568e3", "text": "Dovey Johnson Roundtree Dovey Johnson Roundtree ( born April 17 , 1914 ) is an African-American civil rights activist , ordained minister , and attorney . Her 1955 victory before the Interstate Commerce Commission in the first bus desegregation case to be brought before the ICC resulted in the only explicit repudiation of the `` separate but equal '' doctrine in the field of interstate bus transportation by a court or federal administrative body . That case , Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company ( 64 MCC 769 ( 1955 ) ) , which Dovey Roundtree argued with her law partner and mentor Julius Winfield Robertson , was invoked by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy during the 1961 Freedom Riders ' campaign in his successful battle to compel the Interstate Commerce Commission to enforce its rulings and end Jim Crow in public transportation . Roundtree was saluted by First Lady Michelle Obama on the occasion of the release of her 2009 autobiography , Justice Older than the Law , which Roundtree co-authored with Washington journalist Katie McCabe and which won the 2009 Letitia Woods Brown Award from the Association of Black Women Historians . In a letter made public at a July 23 , 2009 tribute to Roundtree at the Women in Military Service for America Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery , the First Lady cited Roundtree 's historic contributions to the law , the military and the ministry , and stated : `` It is on the shoulders of people like Dovey Johnson Roundtree that we stand today , and it is with her commitment to our core ideals that we will continue moving toward a better tomorrow . '' A protégé of black activist and educator Mary McLeod Bethune , Roundtree was selected by Bethune for the first class of African-American women to be trained as officers in the newly created Women 's Army Auxiliary Corps ( later the Women 's Army Corps ) during World War II . In 1961 she became one of the first women to receive full ministerial status in the African Methodist Episcopal Church , which had just begun ordaining women at a level beyond mere preachers in 1960 . With her controversial admission to the all-white Women 's Bar of the District of Columbia in 1962 , she broke the color bar for minority women in the Washington legal community . In one of Washington 's most sensational and widely covered murder cases , United States v. Ray Crump , tried in the summer of 1965 on the eve of the Watts riots , Roundtree won acquittal for the black laborer accused of the murder of Georgetown socialite ( and former wife of a CIA officer ) Mary Pinchot Meyer , a woman with romantic ties to President John F. Kennedy . The founding partner of the Washington , D.C. law firm of Roundtree , Knox , Hunter and Parker in 1970 following the death of her first law partner Julius Robertson in 1961 , Roundtree was special consultant for legal affairs to the AME Church , and General Counsel to the National Council of Negro Women . She was the inspiration for actress Cicely Tyson 's depiction of a maverick civil rights lawyer in the television series `` Sweet Justice '' , and the recipient , along with retired Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor , of the American Bar Association 's 2000 Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award . In 2011 a scholarship fund was created in her name by the Charlotte Chapter of the National Alumnae Association of Spelman College . Roundtree also received the 2011 Torchbearer Award from the Women 's Bar Association of the District of Columbia , the organization which she integrated in 1962 . In March 2013 an affordable senior living facility in the Southeast Washington DC community where she ministered was named `` The Roundtree Residences '' in her honor . She turned 100 in April 2014 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
f6db50b8a917c91cb5c8927939a45702
Prison Break was aired for five episodes.
[ { "docid": "a6c0ec5d10b3322a4dad5ba5383330ae", "text": "Prison Break Prison Break is an American television serial drama created by Paul Scheuring , that was broadcast on Fox for four seasons from August 29 , 2005 to May 15 , 2009 , and a fifth season which premiered on April 4 , 2017 . The series revolves around two brothers , one of whom has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit , and the other who devises an elaborate plan to help his brother escape prison and clear his name . The series was produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions , in association with Original Television and 20th Century Fox Television . Along with creator Paul Scheuring , the series is executive produced by Matt Olmstead , Kevin Hooks , Marty Adelstein , Dawn Parouse , Neal H. Moritz , and Brett Ratner who directed the pilot episode . The series ' theme music , composed by Ramin Djawadi , was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2006 . The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003 , which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series . Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series Lost and 24 , Fox decided to back production in 2004 . The first season received generally positive reviews , and performed well in the ratings . The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run , but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity . Prison Break was nominated for several industry awards , including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama , which it won . In the United States , all four seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally . The success of the series has inspired short videos for mobile phones , several official tie-ins in print and on the Internet , as well as a video game . A spin-off series , Prison Break : Proof of Innocence , was produced exclusively for mobile phones . The series has spawned an official magazine and a tie-in novel . The fourth season of Prison Break returned from its mid-season break in a new timeslot on April 17 , 2009 , for the series ' last six episodes . Two additional episodes , titled `` The Old Ball and Chain '' and `` Free '' were produced , and were later transformed into a standalone feature , titled The Final Break . The events of this feature take place before the last scene of the series finale , and are intended to conclude unfinished plotlines . The feature was released on DVD and Blu-ray July 21 , 2009 . A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016 and premiered on April 4 , 2017 , and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm . The season concluded on May 30 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ce483a459b567e1231af6414a7718469", "text": "The Golden Girls (season 5) The fifth season of The Golden Girls premiered on NBC on September 23 , 1989 , and concluded on May 5 , 1990 . The season consisted of 26 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3007caf7e24d088881aa9170145c8d8", "text": "Prison Break (film) Prison Break is a 1938 American crime-drama film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Barton MacLane , Glenda Farrell and Paul Hurst . The film was based on the story `` Walls of San Quentin '' by Norton S. Parker . It was released by Universal Pictures on July 12 , 1938 . A fisherman confesses to a murder he did n't commit to protect a friend . Determined to keep out of trouble in prison , but another convict makes things difficult for him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2bfdd6068dc5a2e6d4630f5de144638", "text": "60 Days In 60 Days In is a television docuseries on A&E . Internationally it is known as The Jail : 60 Days In and airs in over 100 other territories . In the series , volunteers are incarcerated as undercover prisoners for 60 days . The show premiered on March 10 , 2016 . As a follow-up to Season 1 , A&E aired two cast interviews in July 2016 . Season 2 premiered August 18 , 2016 . Seasons 1 and 2 took place in Clark County Jail in Jeffersonville , Indiana . Seasons 3 and 4 began airing in March 2017 . The setting moved to the Fulton County Jail in Atlanta , Georgia , for these seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0da6c43890e9ad58f1782bb5bbef619", "text": "Justice (2006 TV series) Justice is an American legal drama produced by Jerry Bruckheimer that aired on Fox in the USA and CTV in Canada . The series also aired on Warner Channel in Latin America , Nine Network in Australia , and on TV2 In New Zealand . It first was broadcast on Wednesdays at 9:00 but , due to low ratings , it was rescheduled to Mondays at 9:00 , in the hope viewers of the hit series Prison Break would stay tuned . On November 13 , 2006 , the show was put on hiatus , but two days later the network announced it was shifting it to Fridays at 8:00 to replace the canceled Vanished . Fourteen episodes of the series were ordered , of which 13 episodes were produced . Twelve of the episodes of Justice have aired in the United States with the final episode airing in Mexico , the UK and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eb6548b4b51f776e4702cf79e2a062e", "text": "Parenthood (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 26 , 2013 and concluded on April 17 , 2014 . It consisted of 22 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b202eb1f756c828fa7d8d98abb85eb8c", "text": "Scylla (Prison Break episode) `` Scylla '' is the 58th episode of the American television series Prison Break and the first episode of its fourth season which premiered as a two-hour episode with `` Breaking & Entering '' . It was broadcast in the United States on September 1 , 2008 and on the next day on Sky One and RTÉ Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9099a754d13ca500cdcaac0bfb6e5ca", "text": "Brothers & Sisters (season 5) The fifth and final season of Brothers & Sisters premiered on September 26 , 2010 and concluded May 8 , 2011 . Season five takes place one year after the events of the season four finale `` On the Road Again '' . This season featured the show 's 100th episode , with the airing of episode 13 . The show stars Sally Field , Dave Annable , Rachel Griffiths , Calista Flockhart , Matthew Rhys , Ron Rifkin , Patricia Wettig , Luke Macfarlane , and Gilles Marini . The season was originally set to only feature 18 episodes to make way for new drama Off the Map in mid-season . However , on October 25 , 2010 , it was announced that ABC had picked up four more episodes , bringing the season to 22 episodes in total . The series ' cancellation was announced on May 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67513a3afb1ba61bea3e7a143881ab09", "text": "Law & Order: Trial by Jury Law & Order : Trial by Jury is an American television drama about criminal trials set in New York City . It was the fourth series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . The show 's almost exclusive focus was on the criminal trial of the accused , showing both the prosecution 's and defense 's preparation for trial , as well as the trial itself . The series premiered on Thursday , March 3 , 2005 , and ended on January 21 , 2006 . Its regular time slot was Fridays 10/9 p.m. ET on NBC . The last episode aired on Court TV months after the series ' cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30f2ca15ef304279ce59b358d06edc56", "text": "Pilot (Friday Night Lights) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights . The episode premiered on the NBC network on October 3 , 2006 . It introduces the men and women involved with the Dillon Panthers , a Texas high school football team . In the pilot episode , the team is preparing for the first game of the season , which will be the first game under new head coach Eric Taylor . The show is based on the 2004 film Friday Night Lights , which was in turn based on the 1990 non-fiction book Friday Night Lights : A Town , a Team , and a Dream by H. G. Bissinger . Peter Berg , who is Bissinger 's cousin and who directed the film , wrote and directed the pilot episode , and served as executive producer for the series . While some of the actors from the movie returned to act on the show , most of the actors were cast specifically for the television series . Critical reception of the show was good to average , with a general appreciation for the realistic portrayal of Middle America . Generally speaking , however , there were serious doubts about whether the show would be able to stay on the air very long , though it has since gone on to complete five seasons . The episode 's viewership of just over seven million was characterized as disappointing , though it did relatively well among men aged 18 to 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2bda1f559bab8db59e9b6bbef051e3b", "text": "Two and a Half Men (season 5) The fifth season of Two and a Half Men originally aired on CBS from September 24 , 2007 , to May 19 , 2008 . A total of only 19 episodes were aired due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike . Unlike the previous seasons , the Season 5 DVD came without a gag reel . The DVD also titled `` Tight 's Good '' as `` Shoes , Hats , Pickle Jar Lids '' , and the `` Previously on Two and a Half Men '' recap seen in the original broadcast of `` Fish in a Drawer '' was initially not included on DVD . This was the shortest season in the history of the show until the eighth season ended after 16 episodes due to the firing of Charlie Sheen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d1696636febaeaa0dcf13e13588da6", "text": "The Crackpots and These Women `` The Crackpots and These Women '' is the fifth episode from season one of The West Wing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebcab7c302a2d62b6679465541d15dd5", "text": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island Total Drama All-Stars and Total Drama : Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth season of the Canadian animated television series , Total Drama . The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012 , ordering 26 episodes . It is a sequel to Total Drama Island , Total Drama Action , Total Drama World Tour , and Total Drama : Revenge of the Island . The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment . Owing to the series ' premise , the season presents itself as a parody of reality television series , such as Survivor . The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10 , 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part , with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7 , 2014 for a two-week time period . In Canada , the first part premiered on Teletoon during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot starting January 9 , 2014 . The second part of the season also premiered during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4 , 2014 . The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8da8267e9f8fca652e931f1853ab92a", "text": "North Shore (TV series) North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST ( 7 p.m. CST ) for seven months in 2004 and 2005 . It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort ( actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku , O'ahu ) on Oahu 's North Shore in Hawaii . From Fox 's website : Intrigue abounds at the Grand Waimea Hotel , an exclusive Hawaiian escape for the wealthy , powerful and beautiful . Hawaiian native Jason Matthews runs the hotel and makes sure every guest gets everything they need . But when former flame Nicole Booth arrives as the hotel 's new Director of Guest Relations , Jason 's world is turned upside down . But Grand Waimea owner , Vincent Colville , is staying on top of him to make sure his past with Nicole wo n't affect their work life . North Shore premiered on June 14 , 2004 , with a 13-episode commitment from Fox . The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode , single-season run . The show ended on a cliffhanger , and the final episode of the series has only had a single airing , not being shown in most territories ( including America ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9adc3e32b7bc6e5ba1b7d41c45f311f2", "text": "Studio 5-B Studio 5-B ( also common known as Studio 5B ) was 1989 short-lived drama series about a Canadian TV news channel . Three episodes aired on ABC between January and February 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca613303929b3b0190c1215bc1bb9b0", "text": "Garry A. Brown (producer) Garry A. Brown is an American television producer and director . He is known for his work on Foxs Prison Break ; and for the ABC adventure series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb0af4b2c381160b0b77cefea9884136", "text": "Uned 5 Uned 5 ( `` Unit 5 '' ) was a BAFTA award-winning teenage magazine show , broadcast live every week on Welsh channel S4C . The programme was the channel 's flagship youth magazine for over sixteen years . The show was broadcast from a purpose built ` house ' at a studio in Caernarfon , and featured celebrity guests , news items , lively chat , bands , sketches and filmed interviews . Despite the obvious ties to The Big Breakfast , the show originally had more in common with the BBC 's Blue Peter , until later relaunches saw Uned 5 target an older , teenage audience . On 24 November 2009 , S4C announced that the programme would be axed as part of a major revamp of the station 's youth programming . The very last edition of Uned 5 was broadcast on Sunday 30 May 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3ea579ffb5c389dc5ae5ae57ada2fa5", "text": "Gray Matter (Breaking Bad) `` Gray Matter '' is the fifth episode of the first season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad . Written by Patty Lin and directed by Tricia Brock , it aired on AMC in the United States and Canada on February 24 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bd58caed3052ea037f2316a2cd9ee2f", "text": "Theodore \"T-Bag\" Bagwell Theodore `` T-Bag '' Bagwell , played by Robert Knepper , is a fictional character from the American television series Prison Break . He is part of the main group of characters in the series and is part of the Fox River Eight . After guest-starring in the series ' second episode , `` Allen '' , the actor became one of the regular cast members . The character was introduced into the series as a fellow prisoner of the protagonist , Michael Scofield ( played by Wentworth Miller ) , at Fox River State Penitentiary . As the leader of a white supremacist group , T-Bag is one of the most villainous members of the Fox River Eight . In the second season , the character 's storyline veers from the main plot as a separate subplot . As the series progresses , more of the background story of the character is revealed . The character has appeared in A&E 's Breakout Kings , portrayed by Knepper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c0e754564babd4bbf9ccb4bca49662", "text": "List of Saved by the Bell episodes The following is a list of episodes for the NBC teen sitcom , Saved by the Bell . The series premiered on August 20 , 1989 and ended on May 22 , 1993 with 86 episodes produced spanning four seasons . The number of episodes was increased for syndication , adding re-purposed episodes of Good Morning , Miss Bliss ( excluding the pilot ) , the follow-up series Saved by the Bell : The College Years , and the TV movies Saved by the Bell : Hawaiian Style and Saved by the Bell : Wedding in Las Vegas ( broken into four episodes each ) . The total number of syndicated episodes is 126 , though the number aired varies by broadcaster . The storyline follows Zack Morris through junior high , high school and college , to his eventual marriage to Kelly Kapowski . The related series Saved by the Bell : The New Class maintains a separate storyline . The actual order is confused by the fact that DVD sets are in a different order than the air dates ( the DVDs are broken into 5 seasons instead of 4 ) . Note : Episode numbers in parentheses represent the order in the original series before extra episodes were added for syndication .", "title": "" } ]
fever
40a656e97192da2483d8a878af4b8e4d
The Great Gatsby was written by Orrin Hatch.
[ { "docid": "9d85779e1d1260da6a0c008e50d19d19", "text": "The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922 . The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan . Considered to be Fitzgerald 's magnum opus , The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence , idealism , resistance to change , social upheaval , and excess , creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream . Fitzgerald -- inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island 's north shore -- began planning the novel in 1923 , desiring to produce , in his words , `` something new -- something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned . '' Progress was slow , with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924 . His editor , Maxwell Perkins , felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter . Fitzgerald was repeatedly ambivalent about the book 's title and he considered a variety of alternatives , including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio ; the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red , White , and Blue . First published by Scribner 's in April 1925 , The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly ; in its first year , the book sold only 20,000 copies . Fitzgerald died in 1940 , believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten . However , the novel experienced a revival during World , and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades . Today , The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title `` Great American Novel . '' In 1998 , the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century 's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7d23d5a237b20384936e18073de28285", "text": "George Moore (novelist) George Augustus Moore ( 24 February 1852 -- 21 January 1933 ) was an Irish novelist , short-story writer , poet , art critic , memoirist and dramatist . Moore came from a Roman Catholic landed family who lived at Moore Hall in Carra , County Mayo . He originally wanted to be a painter , and studied art in Paris during the 1870s . There , he befriended many of the leading French artists and writers of the day . As a naturalistic writer , he was amongst the first English-language authors to absorb the lessons of the French realists , and was particularly influenced by the works of Émile Zola . His writings influenced James Joyce , according to the literary critic and biographer Richard Ellmann , and , although Moore 's work is sometimes seen as outside the mainstream of both Irish and British literature , he is as often regarded as the first great modern Irish novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3919c4ed479afb3d7767c43f0d59b19", "text": "Geoffrey Hill Sir Geoffrey William Hill , FRSL ( 18 June 1932 -- 30 June 2016 ) was an English poet , professor emeritus of English literature and religion , and former co-director of the Editorial Institute , at Boston University . Hill has been considered to be among the most distinguished poets of his generation and was called the `` greatest living poet in the English language . '' From 2010 to 2015 he held the position of Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford . Following his receiving the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism in 2009 for his Collected Critical Writings , and the publication of Broken Hierarchies ( Poems 1952 -- 2012 ) , Hill is recognised as one of the principal contributors to poetry in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8276569f80d187d88fc62b671a234f29", "text": "Green World Green World is a literary concept defined by critic Northrop Frye in The Anatomy of Criticism . In some comedies by William Shakespeare , the main characters escape the order of a city for a forested and wild setting adjacent to the city . This natural environment is often described as a green world . It is in this more loosely structured , fantastic environment that issues surrounding social order , romantic relationships , and inter-generational strife , which are a prominent part of the `` city world '' , become resolved , facilitating a return to the normal order . Recent literary critics drawn to ecocriticism have occasionally found the concept valuable to their work as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eee605a901992c845bc1128515f11cd2", "text": "Giraffes on Horseback Salad Giraffes on Horseback Salad , also called The Surrealist Woman , was a screenplay written in 1937 by Salvador Dalí for the Marx Brothers . It was to be a love story between a Spanish aristocrat named `` Jimmy '' ( to be played by Harpo Marx , with whom Dalí was friends ) and a `` beautiful surrealist woman , whose face is never seen by the audience '' . Dalí considered that the central theme of the film would be `` the continuous struggle between the imaginative life as depicted in the old myths and the practical and rational life of contemporary society '' and hoped that the film score could be written by Cole Porter . The screenplay was never produced ( although Tate Modern curator Matthew Gale has suggested that Dali may have considered an actual production to be beside the point ) ; Harper 's Magazine posits that this was because Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , the Marx Brothers ' studio at the time , considered it to be too surreal ( proposed scenes included gas mask-wearing giraffes on fire , and Harpo Marx using a butterfly net to capture `` the eighteen smallest dwarfs in the city '' ) . Conversely , the Telegraph alleges that Groucho Marx felt that the screenplay just was n't funny . For several years , Giraffes was thought to be lost . In 1991-92 , New York City theater collective Elevator Repair Service produced Marx Brothers on Horseback Salad , combining scenes from an attempted reconstruction of the screenplay ( based partially on having `` watched every Marx Brothers film they could find '' ) with scenes of Dalí 's real-life interactions with Harpo Marx and Susan Fleming . In 1996 , the actual screenplay was found amid Dalí 's personal papers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d30ad1242317a1d979e4006c369881", "text": "Michael Foster (writer) Michael Foster ( 1904-1956 ) was an American novelist , journalist , screenwriter and cartoonist . Foster , who was born August 29 , 1904 , in Hardy , Arkansas , was a graduate of the Chicago Art Institute and became a reporter and cartoonist for newspapers in Salina , Kansas , Los Angeles , California , and , by 1937 , Seattle , Washington . His nickname was `` Gully . '' In 1926 , he was working on the Los Angeles Express , a daily newspaper . A friend , Charles Harris Garrigues , wrote that Foster <blockquote> writes , paints , and has been called the second most promising of the young poets in America by the Lit Dig -LSB- Literary Digest '' ' -RSB- -- does n't know one note of music from another and improvises the most beautiful piano music ... He roomed down at the house for a while until we had a fight over a novel he 's writing and then he moved out -- went on a three weeks ' drunk and only started back to work when I threatened to knock his block off if he did n't . </blockquote> Foster 's first novel , Forgive Adam , was published in 1935 by W. Morrow and Co. . Margaret Wallace of the New York Times said of the author : Michael Foster , a young newspaper man on the Pacific Coast , is the newest recruit to the ranks of the hard-boiled novelists . In the brief declarative sentences of his prose style , in his method of consistent understatement , in his attitude of weary and rather self-conscious disillusionment , he has aligned himself with the school of Hemingway and his imitators . The second novel , American Dream , came in 1937 . American Dream told the story of `` a disillusioned newspaperman who discovers through old family letters what America meant to the writers and what America should mean to him . Several scenes are reminiscent of the tawdry political atmosphere rendered in Ben Hecht 's and Charles MacArthur 's 1928 play , The Front Page . '' . Los Angeles Times reviewer Milton Merlin said that the work was : not an entirely satisfying novel , but it is an ambitious enterprise and an exceptionally compelling story told with feeling and facility ... . Foster , a Seattle reporter , chooses a member of his profession for his central figure . Shelby Thrall , a disillusioned idealist at 30 , reviews three generations of Thralls in an attempt to recapture the meaning of the `` American Dream . '' Shelby 's recollections , stirred by a pile of old , crumbling letters in the attic , cover a span of three generations ... Two books followed -- To Remember at Midnight ( 1938 ) and House Above the River ( 1946 ) . About his final book , The Dusty Godmother ( 1949 ) . reviewer A.C. Spectorsky wrote in the New York Times that Foster had expanded a slick-magazine short story into a light novel which disappoints largely because it has frequent and unfulfilled intimations and overtones of being far more than just that . Garrigues wrote in 1957 after Foster 's death that when Foster `` had done penance to his father by The American Dream , '' he had done all he had to do ... . he had written himself out when he made peace with his father , who was dead ; after that , he drank himself to death trying to find something that was not in him . '' Foster died on March 25 , 1956 , in California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "951f1c8174d31694d3103cef5598aec6", "text": "Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization . The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication . In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) . In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture . With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records . Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87907212490b0f23da9abc6c2eecae1e", "text": "Frederic Chapin Frederic Chapin ( December 1 , 1873 -- December 27 , 1947 ) was an American composer and writer best known for his work with L. Frank Baum on The Woggle-Bug , a 1905 musical based on Baum 's novel , The Marvelous Land of Oz . His popular work The Storks ( 1902 ) with Guy F. Steeley led to his work with Baum , as he was recommended by M. Witmark & Sons , the publisher . He also wrote songs with lyricist Arthur Gillespie , two of which appeared , credited to Baum , in The Woggle-Bug . He was born in Cleveland , Ohio , and died in Los Angeles , California . His other stage works include Pussy in a Corner ( 1904 ) , The Forbidden Land ( 1904 ) , The American Girl ( 1906 ) , and The Maid and the Millionaire ( 1907 ) . Chapin took up writing , having written the book and lyrics for The Maid and the Millionaire , and then produced a 1908 fantasy novel modeled on the Oz books titled Toodles of Treasure Town and her Snow Man , which he followed with Pinkey and the Plumed Knight ( 1909 ) , both illustrated by Merle De Vore Johnson . On November 11 , 1912 , he opened a four-act farce called C.O.D. on Broadway at the Gaiety Theatre , which was fairly successful , in spite of many negative reviews such that one reviewer felt the need to quote reviews from The Sun and others , while The New York Times found the play funny and well acted . The day before the play opened , he told The Detroit New Tribune , `` I wrote six plays -- every one turned out to have a great theme , but all were faulty in the way it was developed . '' He claims to have completely rewritten C.O.D. prior to its production , claiming he threw the original script in the garbage and started from scratch after the fourth producer finally accepted it . Tefft Johnson directed a film version of C.O.D. in 1914 with Harry Davenport , Hughie Mack , and Charles Brown in the title roles ( men with the initials , C.O.D. ) . From 1914 -- 1932 , Chapin worked as a scenarist in Hollywood . Chapin returned to composing with Unashamed , a 1938 nudist romance . He also appeared as a film stand-in , for which he use the name `` Fred Fuller . '' According to the Internet Movie Database , `` Fuller '' played `` Younger Dolittle '' in Made for Each Other and was a stand-in and had an undetermined role in Bachelor Mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eddd29b5630fd48264f7e16857e27a7", "text": "Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition The Definitive Edition of the verse of Rudyard Kipling ( 1865 -- 1936 ) was published in 1940 in London by Hodder and Stoughton , Ltd and in Edinburgh by R. R. Clark . It is a one-volume collection and was printed on India paper . The bibliographical information given on the verso of the title page ( the ` Edition notice ' ) of the 1958 reprint of the 1940 edition gives the following information ( years link to corresponding '' -LSB- year -RSB- in poetry '' article ) : The first edition of Kipling 's Collected Verse ( 1885 -- 1912 ) was published in 1912 , with a reprint in the same year . The second collected edition , the Inclusive Edition ( 1885 -- 1918 ) was first published in 3 volumes in December 1919 . A second impression came out in April 1920 . This edition ( inclusive of his verse from 1885 to 1918 ) was issued as a single volume in October 1921 , and went through 18 further impressions by August 1926 . The third collected edition ( Inclusive Edition , 1885 - 1926 ) appeared as a single volume in September 1927 . 11 more impressions came out by October 1931 . The fourth Inclusive Edition of Rudyard Kipling 's Verse ( 1885 -- 1932 ) , in one volume , appeared in October 1933 , and was followed by six impressions up to November 1939 . The Definitive Edition of Rudyard Kipling 's Verse appeared posthumously in 1940 . It was reprinted -- the edition notice of the 1958 reprint states -- in 1941 , 1949 and 1958 . Many other versions of Kipling 's verse have been made . These include Kipling , Rudyard ( 1913 ) Songs from Books , London , Macmillan . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1925 ) A choice of songs from the verse of Rudyard Kipling , London , Methuem . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1941 ) A Choice of Kipling 's Verse made by T.S.Eliot , with an essay on RUDYARD KIPLING , London , Faber and Faber . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1986 ) Early verse by Rudyard Kipling , 1879-1889 : unpublished , uncollected , and rarely collected poems , Oxford , Clarendon Press . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1992 ) Rudyard Kipling : selected poetry , London , Penguin . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1994 ) The collected poems of Rudyard Kipling , introduction and notes by R. T. Jones , Ware , Wordsworth Editions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e4fb444764551f2e47df0d5b1ad7b9", "text": "Washington Irving Washington Irving ( April 3 , 1783 -- November 28 , 1859 ) was an American short story writer , essayist , biographer , historian , and diplomat of the early 19th century . He is best known for his short stories `` Rip Van Winkle '' ( 1819 ) and `` The Legend of Sleepy Hollow '' ( 1820 ) , both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon , Gent . His historical works include biographies of George Washington , Oliver Goldsmith , and Muhammad , and several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Christopher Columbus , the Moors and the Alhambra . Irving served as the U.S. ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846 . He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle , written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle . After moving to England for the family business in 1815 , he achieved international fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon , Gent . in 1819 -- 20 . He continued to publish regularly -- and almost always successfully -- throughout his life , and just eight months before his death ( at age 76 , in Tarrytown , New York ) , completed a five-volume biography of George Washington . Irving , along with James Fenimore Cooper , was among the first American writers to earn acclaim in Europe , and Irving encouraged American authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne , Herman Melville , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , and Edgar Allan Poe . Irving was also admired by some European writers , including Walter Scott , Lord Byron , Thomas Campbell , Francis Jeffrey , and Charles Dickens . As America 's first genuine internationally best-selling author , Irving advocated for writing as a legitimate profession and argued for stronger laws to protect American writers from copyright infringement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81e2370069213e74283f3a875037d88", "text": "Oh What a Paradise It Seems Oh What a Paradise It Seems is a 1982 novella by John Cheever . It is Cheever 's last work of fiction , published shortly before his death from cancer . The main character is Lemuel Sears , an elderly computer-industry executive , twice-widowed , who pursues an ardent but unsuccessful love affair with Renee , a beautiful but elusive woman who works in real-estate . There are numerous subplots . Sears becomes involved in another love affair , and is also funding an investigation of the pollution of Beasley 's Pond in Connecticut , where he enjoys ice skating . The novella reprises many of Cheever 's familiar themes , including love , lust , life in suburbia , and a sense of displacement . Writing in the New York Times , John Leonard called the novella `` perfect Cheever ; it is perfect , period . '' John Updike , a friend of Cheever , preferred it to Cheever 's novel Falconer , and remarked on the theme of ice skating , which he called his `` Wordsworthian hike '' and his `` connection with elemental purity and the awesome depths above and below '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d569bbb34b77aacbd17ad6eb2c49055", "text": "Nick Hornby Nicholas Peter John `` Nick '' Hornby ( born 17 April 1957 ) is an English novelist , essayist , lyricist , and screenwriter . He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch and novels High Fidelity and About a Boy '' , all of which were adapted into feature films . Hornby 's work frequently touches upon music , sport , and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists . His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2013 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc5b7f501a83474b90dfdbc81e7661f3", "text": "Robert Littell (author) Robert Littell ( born January 8 , 1935 ) is an American novelist and former journalist who resides in France . He specializes in spy novels that often concern the CIA and the Soviet Union . Littell was born in Brooklyn , New York , to a Jewish family , of Russian Jewish origin . He is a 1956 graduate of Alfred University in western New York . He spent four years in the U.S. Navy and served at times as his ship 's navigator , antisubmarine warfare officer , communications officer , and deck watch officer . Later Littell became a journalist and worked many years for Newsweek during the Cold War . He was a foreign correspondent for the magazine from 1965 to 1970 . Littell is an amateur mountain climber and is the father of award-winning novelist Jonathan Littell . His brother , Alan Littell ( born 1929 ) , is also an author and journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a063ec179338d902f7593839a3aa8c93", "text": "Anton Grot Anton Grot ( 18 January 1884 -- 21 March 1974 ) was a distinguished Polish art director long in Hollywood . He was known for his prolific output with Warner Brothers , contributing , in such films as Little Caesar , and Gold Diggers of 1933 to the distinctive Warners look and style . According to TCM.com , he showed a `` flair for harsh realism , Expressionistic horror and ornate romantic moods alike '' . He was born Antocz Franciszek Groszewski in Kiełbasin , Poland and died in Stanton , California . He studied at the Krakow art academy and at technical school in Koenigsberg , Germany , majoring in interior decoration , illustration , and design . He changed his name and emigrated to the U.S. in 1909 . The Lubin Company hired him to paint and design sets in 1913 , in Philadelphia ; and he also worked on films for Vitagraph and Pathé . At Pathé he developed his innovative techniques , along with William Cameron Menzies , in the way of using continuity sketches . His method of presenting a series of sketches of all the film 's sets would later become standard practice among Art Directors , particularly with Menzies ( his assistant in 1917 , on The Naulahka ) . Cinematographer Arthur Miller remembered Anton Grot : `` a gifted and talented artist who made beautiful charcoal drawings ... of the set before it was completed . All his compositions showed a full shot of each set , with all the delicate tones and shadings that suggested ideas for lighting and , in general , were of great help to me as a cameraman . '' Grot came to Hollywood in 1922 to assist Wilfred Buckland with the sets for the Douglas Fairbanks Robin Hood ; and stayed on , to work with Cecil B. DeMille and William K. Howard . He was eventually signed by Warner Bros , as `` art director , artist , and designer '' , and designed 80 films before his retirement in 1948 . Grot collaborated notably with fellow émigré , director Michael Curtiz , on 15 films . Beginning with the biblical epic Noah 's Ark ( 1928 ) , these included The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex ( 1938 ) , Captain Blood ( 1935 ) , The Sea Hawk ( 1940 ) , and Mildred Pierce ( 1945 ) . Grot is credited with contributing significantly to Curtiz ' personal style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1bca300be4dbd943e9466d88ff58c23", "text": "George Gershwin George Jacob Gershwin ( -LSB- ˈɡɜrʃ.wɪn -RSB- September 26 , 1898 July 11 , 1937 ) was an American composer and pianist . Gershwin 's compositions spanned both popular and classical genres , and his most popular melodies are widely known . Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) and An American in Paris ( 1928 ) as well as the opera Porgy and Bess ( 1935 ) . Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark , Henry Cowell and Joseph Brody . He began his career as a song plugger , but soon started composing Broadway theatre works with his brother Ira Gershwin , and Buddy DeSylva . He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger , who refused him , where he began to compose An American in Paris . After returning to New York City , he wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and the author DuBose Heyward . Initially a commercial failure , Porgy and Bess is now considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century . Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores until his death in 1937 from glioblastoma multiforme , a malignant brain tumor . Gershwin 's compositions have been adapted for use in many films and for television , and several became jazz standards recorded in many variations . Many celebrated singers and musicians have covered his songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b066bd487130789feb3f47d6540f937", "text": "George W. Sears George Washington Sears ( December 2 , 1821 -- May 1 , 1890 ) was a sportswriter for Forest and Stream magazine in the 1880s and an early conservationist . His stories , appearing under the pen name , `` Nessmuk '' popularized self-guided canoe camping tours of the Adirondack lakes in open , lightweight solo canoes and what is today called ultralight camping . Canoeing had been popularized by Scottish lawyer John MacGregor in the 1860s , but the typical canoe trip of the day employed expert guides and heavy canoes . Sears , who was 5 ft tall and 103 lb had a 9 ft , 10 +1 / 2 lb solo canoe built by J. Henry Rushton of Canton , New York . He named it the Sairy Gamp ( the name of a Dickens character ) and in it he completed a 266 mi journey through the central Adirondacks . He was 62 years old and in frail health ( tuberculosis and asthma ) at the time . William Henry Harrison Murray 's Adventures in the Wilderness , published in 1869 , had praised the Adirondacks as having a healthy atmosphere for consumptives and Verplanck Colvin 's enthusiastic writing about the Adirondack wilderness had further inspired the trip . The Sairy Gamp was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution and is now on loan to the Adirondack Museum . He grew up the eldest of ten children in South Oxford ( now Webster ) , Massachusetts . He took his pen name from a Native American who had befriended him in early childhood . He was fascinated by the few books about Native Americans his family possessed , which left him with an abiding interest in forest life and adventure . A period of factory labor while still a child left him with a fondness for the writing of Charles Dickens . At age twelve he started working in a commercial fishing fleet based on Cape Cod and at nineteen he signed on for a three-year voyage on a whaler headed for the South Pacific ; it was the same year ( 1841 ) that Herman Melville shipped out of the same port bound for the same whaling grounds . On his return , his family moved to Wellsboro , Pennsylvania where he was to live for the rest of his life . However , he continued traveling for adventure , from the upper Midwest and Ontario to an Amazon tributary in Brazil ( in 1867 and again in 1870 ) . Sears wrote Woodcraft , a book on camping , in 1884 , that has remained in print ever since . A book of poems , Forest Runes , appeared in 1887 . He died at his home in Pennsylvania seven years later . Mount Nessmuk , in northern Pennsylvania , is named after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "533577062f6b997466aec7203c904e29", "text": "Christopher Cook (writer) Christopher LaVaughn Cook ( born August 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer whose writing styles and genres include journalism , non-fiction , scriptwriting and fiction , including short stories , novellas and novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b740b20305355946bac11683ae022", "text": "Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players . Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s . The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson . In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director . The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80cbe92e7ddd8299d7f7399bffdb9591", "text": "Darwin's Radio Darwin 's Radio is a 1999 science fiction novel by Greg Bear . It won the Nebula Award in 2000 for Best Novel and the 2000 Endeavour Award . It was also nominated for the Hugo Award , Locus and Campbell Awards the same year . The novel 's original tagline was ` The next great war will be inside us ' . It was followed by a sequel , Darwin 's Children , in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e45766d7390192a25d942c254b367a7", "text": "My Dream of the U.S.A. `` My dream of the U.S.A. '' is a musical score for a vocal solo , four part male chorus , and piano written and composed by Leonard Chick , Charles Roth , and Ted Snyder . The score was published in 1908 by T. Snyder Co. in New York , NY .", "title": "" } ]
fever
61875ef15b67cd3e751536467c608801
Giancarlo Stanton is in Major League Baseball.
[ { "docid": "a39efedf6b7f0e10e9fa36815a8750d5", "text": "Giancarlo Stanton Giancarlo Cruz Michael Stanton ( born November 8 , 1989 ) is an American professional baseball left fielder and right fielder for the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Prior to 2012 , he was known as Mike Stanton . Stanton graduated from Notre Dame High School , before he was selected by the Marlins in the 2007 MLB draft . Stanton made his MLB debut with the Marlins in June 2010 . He is a three-time MLB All-Star and was the Hank Aaron Award winner for the National League in 2014 after leading the league in home runs . In November 2014 , the Marlins signed Stanton to the richest contract in sports history , worth $ 325 million over 13 years .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8d2e7b9f96377959629e24e75425c604", "text": "2015 National League Division Series The 2015 National League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams in the 2015 National League Championship Series . The three divisional winners ( seeded 1-3 ) and a fourth team -- the winner of a one-game Wild Card playoff -- played in two series . TBS carried all the games in the United States , with Sportsnet simulcasting TBS coverage for Canada . The Division Series began on October 9 and concluded on October 15 . The Los Angeles Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals had home field advantage in this round of the playoffs . These matchups were : ( 1 ) St. Louis Cardinals ( Central Division champion ) versus ( 5 ) Chicago Cubs ( Wild Card winner ) ( 2 ) Los Angeles Dodgers ( West Division champion ) vs ( 3 ) New York Mets ( East Division champion ) The higher seeded team in each series hosts Games 1 , 2 , and 5 ( if necessary ) , and the lower seeded team hosts Games 3 and 4 ( if necessary ) . The Mets and the Dodgers met for the third time in postseason play , having split the first two meetings ( Dodgers won 4 -- 3 in the 1988 NLCS ; Mets won 3 -- 0 in the 2006 NLDS ) . This was the third overall postseason meeting between the Cubs and Cardinals , with the two having met in the 1885 and 1886 World Series , and their first since the Cardinals joined the National League in 1892 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4546832710fbf2b93ec91c47d0a357e0", "text": "List of St. Louis Cardinals no-hitters The St. Louis Cardinals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in St. Louis Missouri . They play in the National League Central division . Also known in their early years as the `` St. Louis Brown Stockings '' ( 1882 ) , `` St. Louis Browns '' ( 1883 -- 98 ) , and `` St. Louis Perfectos '' ( 1899 ) , pitchers for the Cardinals have thrown 10 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . A perfect game , a special subcategory of no-hitter , has yet to be thrown in Cardinals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . '' Ted Breitenstein threw the first no-hitter in Cardinals franchise history on his first major league start on October 4 , 1891 when the team was known as the `` St. Louis Browns '' ; the most recent no-hitter was thrown by Bud Smith on September 3 , 2001 . Two left-handed pitchers have thrown no-hitters in franchise history , while seven were by right-handers . Four no-hitters were thrown at home and six on the road , whilst all ten have been pitched against different opponents . The Cardinals have thrown one no-hitter in April , one in June , one in July , two in August , four in September , and one in October . The longest interval between no-hitters was between the games pitched by Breitenstein and Jesse Haines , encompassing 32 years , 9 months , and 13 days from October 4 , 1891 till August 17 , 1924 . Conversely , the shortest interval between no-hitters was between the games pitched by Jiménez and Smith , encompassing merely 2 years , 2 months , and 9 days from June 25 , 1999 till September 3 , 2001 . In none of their ten no-hitters did the Cardinals allow any runs via errors , walks , hit batters or uncaught third strikes . The most baserunners allowed in a no-hitter was by Ray Washburn ( in 1968 ) , who allowed five . Of the ten no-hitters , two have been won by a score of 2 -- 0 , 3 -- 0 , and 5 -- 0 , more common than any other results . The largest margin of victory in a no-hitter was an 11 -- 0 win by Bob Gibson in 1971 . The smallest margin of victory was a 1 -- 0 win by Jiménez in 2001 . The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter . Eight different umpires presided over each of the franchise 's ten no-hitters . The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager is to determine the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game . Managers choosing the right pitcher and right defensive lineup at a right game at a right place at a right time would contribute to a no-hitter . Eight different managers have led to the franchise 's ten no-hitters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1bd221fcaad3035adaddb9aa6e89703", "text": "Stanton College Preparatory School Stanton College Preparatory School is an academically renowned public high school in Jacksonville , Florida . The school 's history dates to the 1860s when it was begun as an elementary school serving the African-American population under the then-segregated education system . It now serves secondary students ( grades 9-12 ) within the Duval County Public Schools of Duval County , Florida . The school offers special curricula which include Honors courses , Advanced Placement , and International Baccalaureate courses . In 2005 , the Advanced Placement Report to the Nation officially recognized Stanton College Preparatory School as the best large size high school for Advanced Placement European History and Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition in the world . From 2000 to 2003 , Stanton College Prep was ranked first in Newsweek magazine 's list of the top 1,000 public schools in the United States , and is the only school in the nation to have been in the top 5 every year from 2000-2011 . US News and World Report ranked Stanton at ninth place on its 2008 list of America 's Best High Schools . It has frequently ranked first in the US in the number of International Baccalaureate diplomas awarded . Stanton perennially leads the Jacksonville metropolitan area in the number of National Merit Scholarship recipients , and consistently ranks in the top three in the state . The school has been named a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence . As of August 2014 , Stanton is rated number 12 of the top high schools in the nation by US News and number 10 by Newsweek . Stanton was called `` one of the premier IB and AP public schools in the country '' by Jay Mathews in his 2005 book Supertest : How the International Baccalaureate Can Strengthen Our Schools . To many students , Stanton is known for its challenging academics and rigorous standards . Most Stanton students attend some form of college after graduation , whether four-year or two-year institutions , local , national , or international . In 2014 , the Washington Post ranked the school as the 4th most challenging high school in the Southern United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f27c8db16426dec73a6f23e07b06c49", "text": "International Baseball Federation The International Baseball Federation ( Spanish : Federación Internacional de Béisbol , French : Fédération international de baseball ) is the former worldwide governing body recognized by the International Olympic Committee as overseeing , deciding and executing the policy of the sport of baseball . The IBAF has since become the international baseball `` Division '' of the World Baseball Softball Confederation , the officially recognized world governing body for baseball ( and softball ) . One of its principal responsibilities under the WBSC is to organize , standardize and sanction international competitions among baseball 's 124 national governing bodies through its various tournaments to determine a world champion and calculate world rankings for both men 's and women 's baseball . Prior to the establishment of the WBSC , which has since superseded its authority , the IBAF had been the lone entity that can assign the title of `` world champion '' to any baseball team delegated to represent a nation . Its offices are housed within the WBSC headquarters in Lausanne , Switzerland -- the Olympic Capital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee04e8490ae4901001250be3601faa61", "text": "Luis Polonia Luis Andrew Polonia Almonte ( born December 10 , 1963 ) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder and designated hitter . He currently resides in Santiago , in the Dominican Republic , his hometown . Signed by the Oakland Athletics as an amateur free agent in 1984 , Polonia would make his Major League Baseball debut with the Oakland Athletics on April 24 , 1987 , and appear in his final game on October 1 , 2000 . He played for two World Series Championship teams , winning with Atlanta in 1995 and the New York Yankees in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e318da5ba0248b8364133f6e64e76710", "text": "Roberto Clemente Award The Roberto Clemente Award is given annually to the Major League Baseball ( MLB ) player who `` best exemplifies the game of baseball , sportsmanship , community involvement and the individual 's contribution to his team '' , as voted on by baseball fans and members of the media . It is named for Hall of Fame outfielder Roberto Clemente . Originally known as the Commissioner 's Award , it has been presented by the MLB since 1971 . In 1973 , the award was renamed after Clemente following his death in a plane crash while delivering supplies to victims of the Nicaragua earthquake . Each year , a panel of baseball dignitaries selects 1 player from 30 nominees , one from each club . Teams choose their nominee during the regular season , and the winner is announced at the World Series . The player who receives the most votes online via MLB 's official website , MLB.com , gets one vote in addition to the votes cast by the panel . Since 2007 , the Roberto Clemente Award has been presented by Chevy . Chevy donates money and a Chevy vehicle to the national winner 's charity of choice and additional money is donated by Chevy to the Roberto Clemente Sports City , a non-profit organization in Carolina , Puerto Rico , designed to provide recreational sports activities for children . Additionally , Chevy donates money to the charity of choice of each of the 30 Club recipients . The first winner of the award was Willie Mays , and the most recent winner is Curtis Granderson . None of the winners has received the award more than once , so far . The first pitcher to win the award was Phil Niekro in 1980 , and the first catcher to win the award was Gary Carter in 1989 . To date , Clemente 's former teammate Willie Stargell and McCutchen are the only members of the Pittsburgh Pirates to win the award . Stargell won his award in 1974 , and McCutchen won in 2015 . The Pirates themselves have been wearing Clemente-era throwback uniforms in recent years on Roberto Clemente Day , which is the day they play the game that they present their nominee to MLB . In 2014 , for the first time , the award was awarded to two players instead of one . The award was awarded to Paul Konerko and Jimmy Rollins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f952875da0a2e83bbca1e21c2809c121", "text": "List of New York Mets first-round draft picks The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball franchise based in New York City . They play in the National League East division . Since the institution of Major League Baseball 's Rule 4 Draft , the Mets have selected 61 players in its first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , and the team that had the worst record receives the first pick . In addition , teams that lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1961 expansion draft in which the Mets initially filled their roster . Of the 62 players picked in the first round by the Mets , 25 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 18 of these were right-handed , while 7 were left-handed . 17 of the players picked in the initial round were outfielders , while eight shortstops , six catchers , and three third basemen were selected . The team also selected two players at first base and one at second base . 14 of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , while Florida and Texas follow , with nine and five players , respectively . Four Mets ' first-round picks have won championships with the franchise . No first-round picks were on the 1969 championship team . Outfielders Lee Mazzilli ( 1973 ) and Darryl Strawberry ( 1980 ) , shortstop Wally Backman ( 1977 ) , and pitcher Dwight Gooden ( 1982 ) played in the 1986 World Series for the Mets ' second championship team . Three first-round draft picks have gone on to win the Rookie of the Year Award with the Mets : Jon Matlack in 1972 , Strawberry in 1983 , and Gooden in 1984 . Gooden went on to win the Cy Young Award in 1985 , his second season , after placing second in the voting his rookie year . Gooden is also the only first-round draft pick of the Mets to make the All-Star team in his rookie season . The Mets have made 11 selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have also made the first overall selection five times ( 1966 , 1968 , 1980 , 1984 , and 1994 ) , tied for the most such picks with the San Diego Padres . The first of these picks , Steve Chilcott ( 1966 ) , is one of only two first overall picks ( along with Brien Taylor ) to never play in the major leagues . The Mets have had 18 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . One player , George Ambrow ( 1970 ) , did not sign with the Mets after he was drafted but they received no compensation pick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c60f83f56c4e949113403fdfc9df26be", "text": "Tony Gwynn Anthony Keith Gwynn , Sr. ( May 9 , 1960 -- June 16 , 2014 ) , nicknamed `` Mr. Padre '' , was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 20 seasons ( 1982 -- 2001 ) in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Diego Padres . The left-handed hitting Gwynn won eight batting titles in his career , tied for the most in National League ( NL ) history . He is considered one of the best and most consistent hitters in baseball history . He had a .338 career batting average , never hitting below .309 in any full season . Gwynn was a 15-time All-Star , recognized for his skills both on offense and defense with seven Silver Slugger Awards and five Gold Glove Awards . He was the rare player in his era that stayed with a single team his entire career , and he played in the only two World Series appearances in San Diego 's franchise history . He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2007 , his first year of eligibility . Gwynn attended San Diego State University ( SDSU ) , where he played both college baseball and basketball for the Aztecs . He was an all-conference player in both sports in the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) , but was honored as an All-American in baseball . He was selected by the Padres in the third round of the 1981 MLB draft as the 58th overall pick . Gwynn made his major-league debut the following year , and captured his first batting title in 1984 , when San Diego advanced to its first-ever World Series . A poor fielder in college , his work on his defense was rewarded in 1986 , when he received his first Gold Glove . The following year , he won the first of three consecutive batting titles . Beginning in 1990 , he endured four straight seasons which ended prematurely due to injuries , particular to his left knee . However , he experienced a resurgence with four straight batting titles starting in 1994 , when he batted a career-high .394 in a strike-shortened season . Gwynn played in his second World Series in 1998 , before reaching the 3,000-hit milestone the following year . He played two more seasons , hampered by injuries in both , and retired after the 2001 season with 3,141 career hits . A contact hitter , Gwynn excelled at hitting the ball to the opposite field . After meeting Hall of Famer Ted Williams in 1992 , Gwynn became more adept at pulling the ball and using the entire field , as well as hitting for more power . He could also run early in his career , when he was a stolen base threat . Widely considered the greatest player in Padres history , Gwynn regularly accepted less money to remain with the small-market team . After he retired from playing , the Padres retired his No. 19 in 2004 . He became the head baseball coach at his alma mater , and also spent time as a baseball analyst . Gwynn died of salivary gland cancer in 2014 at the age of 54 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab4a4d9df81ce17a463323e1c0f1f0d", "text": "World Baseball Classic The World Baseball Classic ( WBC ) is an international baseball tournament sanctioned from 2006 to 2013 by the International Baseball Federation ( IBAF ) and after 2013 by the World Baseball Softball Confederation ( WBSC ) . It was proposed to the IBAF by Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the Major League Baseball Players Association ( MLBPA ) , and other professional baseball leagues and their players associations around the world . It is the main baseball tournament sanctioned by the WBSC , which grants to the winner the title of `` World Champion '' . It previously coexisted with Olympic Baseball ( until 2008 ) and the Baseball World Cup ( until 2011 ) as IBAF -- sanctioned tournaments , but baseball has not been on the Olympic program since 2008 , after it was voted out by the International Olympic Committee in 2005 . The final men 's Baseball World Cup was held in 2011 , and was discontinued to streamline the international calendar . The tournament is the first of its kind to have the national teams of IBAF 's member federations feature professional players from the major leagues around the world including Major League Baseball . In addition to providing a format for the best baseball players in the world to compete against one another while representing their home countries , the World Baseball Classic was created in order to further promote the game around the globe . After a 3-year gap between the first two installments of the tournament , plans were made for the World Baseball Classic to be repeated every four years following the 2009 event . The third installment of the Classic was held in 2013 , and the fourth was held in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfd0f27cccf7796a9b3c7c076cd2a3d8", "text": "1992 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1992 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 63rd playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) , the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball . The game was held on July 14 , 1992 , at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego , the home of the San Diego Padres of the National League . The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 13 -- 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25e6a5c0a8f6dd061208eb18f60a4ba7", "text": "Jason Anderson (baseball) Jason Roger Anderson ( born June 9 , 1979 ) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher and current college baseball coach . He is currently serving as head coach of the Eastern Illinois Panthers baseball team . In 1997 , Anderson was all-state during his senior year at Danville High School . He compiled a 14-1 record and tied the Illinois state record for consecutive shutouts with six in a row . Anderson attended the University of Illinois on a baseball scholarship for two years , earning All-American and Academic All-American honors . He was named the Illinois Co-Newcomer of the Year in and received the George Huff Academic Award in . Anderson was named Big Ten Pitcher of the Year in . Anderson was drafted by the New York Yankees in the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft and signed by scout Steve Lemke . In the season , he became the first player from the Staten Island Yankees to become a New York Yankee . ( Wily Mo Peña was the first Staten Island alum to make it to the majors , but he did it with the Cincinnati Reds . ) The `` Baby Bombers '' retired Anderson 's # 19 on July 14 , 2003 , in tribute . That day was also proclaimed `` Jason Anderson Day '' in Staten Island . Anderson earned his first major league win that year in 22 appearances with the Yankees , but midway through the year , he was traded to the New York Mets in a deal that brought Armando Benítez to the Yankees . In the season , Anderson was designated for assignment by the Mets , and the Cleveland Indians claimed him off waivers . He only pitched one inning for the team all year , giving up five runs , and in the next year , he rejoined the Yankees , making the major league roster after Paul Quantrill and Mike Stanton were designated for assignment . The San Diego Padres claimed Anderson off waivers from the Yankees on February 15 , . Anderson was signed November 16 , 2006 , by the Chicago Cubs to a minor league contract . Anderson landed in the Phillies organization May 9 , , when he was signed to a minor league contract and sent to the Ottawa Lynx ; however , he did not get called up in 2007 and on December 7 , 2007 , was re-signed by the Phillies to a minor league contract . He split the 2007 season between the Triple-A Ottawa Lynx and the Double-A Reading Phillies . He split between the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs and Double-A Reading Phillies . He became a free agent after the 2008 season and re-signed with the Phillies in January . On March 7 , 2011 , he signed a contract with the Somerset Patriots . He retired on July 19 . In fall 2012 , he was named the pitching coach of Eastern Illinois , a NCAA Division I college baseball program . After serving in this role for three seasons , he was promoted to head coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "affe52c19f2de83dd5822268ffa7287e", "text": "Alfonso Soriano Alfonso Guilleard Soriano ( born January 7 , 1976 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball left fielder and second baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Yankees , Chicago Cubs , Texas Rangers , and Washington Nationals , and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp . Soriano began his professional career with Hiroshima in 1996 , but signed with the Yankees as a free agent in 1998 and was assigned to play in minor league baseball . The next year , he was the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in the All-Star Futures Game , and made his MLB debut for the Yankees , with whom he would win two American League championships . The Yankees traded Soriano to the Rangers after the 2003 season , and the Rangers traded Soriano to the Nationals after the 2005 season . He signed a contract as a free agent with the Cubs before the 2007 season . The Cubs traded Soriano to the Yankees in 2013 , and the Yankees released him in 2014 . Soriano was a seven-time MLB All-Star , and won the All-Star Game MVP Award in 2004 . He won the Silver Slugger Award four times . He played primarily as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers before being converted to an outfielder with the Nationals . Soriano is one of only 54 major league players to hit 400 or more career home runs , and was seventh among active players in home runs at the time of his retirement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69473559793b5aa171af5a5f76a84887", "text": "All-Star Futures Game The All-Star Futures Game is an annual baseball exhibition game hosted by Major League Baseball . Started in 1999 , a team of minor league baseball prospects from the United States and a team of prospects from other countries in the World compete against each other . It is played as part of the festivities of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e665e35ae1cd8324444b4328a375c57d", "text": "History of the Miami Marlins The Miami Marlins are a Major League Baseball team that currently plays in the city of Miami . Founded in as the Florida Marlins , the Marlins began play in in the suburb of Miami Gardens , and moved to the city in , becoming the Miami Marlins at that time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39448a656cbe89e3af6894bdfb03731a", "text": "Elias Sports Bureau The Elias Sports Bureau ( ESB ) is a company providing historical and current statistical information for sports , especially for major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . In 1913 , Al Munro Elias and his brother Walter established the Al Munro Elias Bureau in New York City . At first they sold printed scorecards with baseball data directly to fans , until The Telegram daily newspaper purchased their weekly compilation of `` averages '' in 1916 . Elias was appointed official statistician of the National League and International League in 1919 with the American League and other minor leagues to follow . In 1937 , the Elias brothers assumed publication of Charley White 's Record Book , the so-called Little Red Book , after the death of its originator . It became an official ( authorized ) source for major league records . In 1938 , the Bureau began producing the Pocket Cyclopedia of Major League Baseball , and for many years published the official Green Book , the National League 's annual summary . After the Elias brothers died in the 1940s , the company was managed by Lester Goodman . Seymour Siwoff , who had worked for the Elias brothers as a high school student before serving his country in World War II and earning the Purple Heart , returned to become the company 's accountant . In 1952 , after Lester Goodman 's sudden death , Seymour Siwoff purchased the company from the widows of the Elias brothers . The new company was renamed Elias Sports Bureau to better fulfill Siwoff 's vision of incorporating all professional sports , and Siwoff took the company into the computer age . Under Siwoff 's leadership for over 60 years and to the present , ESB has become the leading authority on sports statistics . Originally official statistician of Major League Baseball , Siwoff was able to add to this distinction the National Football League , the National Basketball Association , the National Hockey League , Major League Soccer , and the Arena Football League . More recently , ESB added pro-women 's basketball ( WNBA ) and pro-golf to its list of league clientele . ESB also is a primary source of statistics for national newspapers , magazines and websites , as well as dozens of broadcasters of MLB , NBA and NHL telecasts . With Sporting News having phased out its record book publishing business during 2007 , The Elias Book of Baseball Records appears to be the sole hard-copy source of official baseball records . This book is available only through the company website . Steve Hirdt , executive vice-president , added his skills as a sports writer . His first venture was writing for ESPN 's Page2 website for a brief time . Later , he moved to a column for ESPN The Magazine . The column is entitled `` Do the Math '' and focuses on sports statistics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9f2e5327bb883984974e36538b0e63e", "text": "2014 National League Wild Card Game The 2014 National League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball 's ( MLB ) 2014 postseason played between the National League 's ( NL ) two wild card teams , the San Francisco Giants and the Pittsburgh Pirates . It was held at PNC Park in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , on October 1 , 2014 , starting at 8:07 p.m. EDT . After both teams finished the regular season with identical records of 88 -- 74 , the Pirates were awarded home field for the game , as they won the season series against the Giants , four games to two . Despite this advantage , the Giants won by a score of 8 -- 0 and advanced to play the Washington Nationals in the NL Division Series ( NLDS ) . In addition to being the third NL Wild Card Game played , it is notable for the first postseason grand slam hit by a shortstop . The game was televised on ESPN , and was also broadcast on ESPN Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbba5e735b988d5cb744929a30d519a7", "text": "World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) in North America , contested since 1903 between the American League ( AL ) champion team and the National League ( NL ) champion team . The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff , and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner 's Trophy . As the series is played in October ( and occasionally November ) , during the fall season in North America , it is often referred to as the Fall Classic . Prior to 1969 , the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series ; since then each league has conducted a championship series ( ALCS and NLCS ) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance . As of 2016 , the World Series has been contested 112 times , with the AL winning 64 and the NL winning 48 . The 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs . Seven games were played , with the Cubs victorious after game seven , played in Cleveland . The final score was 8 -- 7 ; the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6 -- 6 . This was the third World Series won by the Cubs , as well as their first title since 1908 , a period of 108 years . With the Cubs ' record long title drought finally ended , the Indians ' championship dry spell of 68 years and counting -- the Indians last won the Series in 1948 -- is currently the longest-running Series title absence . In the American League , the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27 , the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9 , and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8 , including the first World Series . In the National League , the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11 , the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8 , the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6 , and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5 . As of 2016 , no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in , , and -- the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27fd1cfea9f4212e4d76e8c9107be288", "text": "List of St. Louis Cardinals team records The St. Louis Cardinals , a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis , Missouri , compete in the National League ( NL ) of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . in 1892 . Before joining the NL , they were also a charter member of the American Association ( AA ) from 1882 to 1891 . Although St. Louis has been the Cardinals ' home city for the franchise 's entire existence , they were also known as the Brown Stockings , Browns , and Perfectos . In 134 seasons , the franchise has won more than 10,000 regular season games and appeared in 27 postseasons while claiming 12 interleague championships , tying one other , and 23 league pennants . 11 of the interleague championships are World Series titles won under the modern format since 1903 ; the other championship and tie occurred in 1885 -- 1886 . 19 of the league pennants are NL pennants , and the other four are AA pennants . Their 11 World Series titles represent the most in the NL and are second in MLB only to the New York Yankees ' 27 . Notable players have defined , in part , the Cardinals ' success and history . Stan Musial owns the most career batting records with 22 . Rogers Hornsby owns the most single-season records with 11 . Bob Gibson owns the most career pitching records with 18 . Silver King owns the most single-season pitching records with nine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7289e26961c51e193c621f32c5bc40e", "text": "Bayside Yankees The Bayside Yankees is a traveling baseball team based out of the New York City area that comprises five teams consisting of players ranging in age from 12 to 18 years old . With a tradition rich of winning championships and producing top baseball talents , Bayside has built the reputation as one of the best amateur baseball organizations in the country and history of travel baseball . Thus , they have adopted for themselves the nickname , `` Aaaaaaamerica 's Team '' . Founder and head coach of the Senior Yankees , Marc Cuseta , has gained notoriety among all of baseball coaches by leading Bayside through numerous national championships and producing top level talents who extend to play college and professional baseball . He and his coaches recruit and accept top talent players from across the country who show a love for the game , setting their season to compete in prestigious national tournaments against the elite teams in the nation . Their goals are not only to win , but to further develop the players and allow them to gain as much exposure possible to college coaches , scouts and Major League Baseball . Many college programs and professional organizations , have frequently called upon Cuseta to send his highly talented players to their college and organization . In its history , Bayside Yankee players have earned scholarships to universities such as the University of Miami , Clemson University , Vanderbilt University , St. John 's University , Duke University , Wake Forest University , University of North Carolina , University of Arizona , Georgia Tech , University of Notre Dame , Oklahoma State , Florida State , Virginia Tech , University of Pittsburgh , Tulane University , University of Kentucky , and top junior colleges . Dozens of Bayside Yankee players have moved onto professional baseball careers . After finishing the 2012 summer season and going 1-2 in the Connie Mack World Series , Cuseta has 1,999 wins in amateur baseball . 2,000 should come relatively soon as the BY 's start their 2012 fall season . NABF NATIONAL CHAMPIONS 1983 , 1986 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 ( sophomore division ) , 2008 CABA SENIOR WORLD CHAMPIONS 1997 , 1998 , 1999 & 2003 NABF REGIONAL CHAMPIONS 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 , 1988 , 1989 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , & 2006 NEW YORK LIBERTY TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 1989 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , & 2007 EAST COBB ( RAWLINGS / WORTH ) SUMMER CLASSIC CHAMPIONS 2005 ALABAMA BOMBERS SUMMER CLASSIC CHAMPIONS 2005 JOE GRACI MEMORIAL TOURNANMENT 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , & 2007 NEW YORK CITY FEDERATION CHAMPIONS 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 & 1992 LONG ISLAND BASEBALL CONFERENCE CHAMPIONS 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 & 1999 BIG APPLE TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 1998 , 1992 & 1996 SUFFOLK COUNTY INVITATIONAL TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 1992 NABF JUNIOR MID ATLANTIC REGIONAL CHAMPIONS 1993 , 1994 , 2006 FABL SUFFOLK COUNTY CHAMPIONS 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 2001 , & 2006 EAST COBB WOOD BAT TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 2000 NATIONAL JUNIOR BASEBALL LEAGUE CHAMPIONS ( ELITE WOOD BAT DIVISION CHAMPS ) 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , & 2006 ATLANTIC COAST ELITE BASEBALL LEAGUE CHAMPIONS 2001 , 2002 & 2004 USA BASEBALL JUNIOR OLYMPIC SUPER SERIES CHAMPIONS 1993 AABC NORTH ATLANTIC REGIONAL CHAMPIONS ( CONNIE MACK ) 2003 SENIOR PREMIER NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NATIONAL CHAMPIONS 2006 , 2007 OSCEOLA COUNTY INVITATIONAL 16U 2007", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe83eca4689503a6762671769dcad7d1", "text": "1994–95 Major League Baseball strike The 1994 -- 95 Major League Baseball strike was the eighth work stoppage in baseball history , as well as the fourth in-season work stoppage in 22 years . The strike began on August 12 , 1994 , and resulted in the remainder of that season being cancelled , including the postseason and , for the first time since 1904 , the World Series . The strike was suspended on April 2 , 1995 , after 232 days , making it the longest such stoppage in MLB history , breaking the record set by the 1981 strike . 948 games were cancelled in all , and MLB became the first major professional sports league to lose an entire postseason due to labor struggles . Due to the strike , both the 1994 and 1995 seasons were not played to a complete 162 games ; the strike was called after most teams had played at least 113 games in 1994 and each team played 144 games in 1995 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
b22de09e0fe052545a141a493b36a124
Tim Rice worked on Aladdin with anyone except Alan Menken.
[ { "docid": "3cff85fc8807213d5122375cc5436abe", "text": "Tim Rice Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice ( born 10 November 1944 ) is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ( Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David ) , Elton John ( The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado ) and Ennio Morricone . One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "3956b36e142193663a071c5d71be9ad8", "text": "Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Edgar Rice Burroughs , Inc. is an American company founded in 1923 by author Edgar Rice Burroughs . It is based in Tarzana , California . The company holds the rights to the literary works of Burroughs that are still protected by copyright ( a number of Burroughs ' early works have passed out of copyright and consequently are in the public domain ) . Burroughs was one of the first artists to incorporate , which he did for tax reasons and for more control over his works . Burroughs ' books were published through the company from 1931 ( Tarzan the Invincible ) through 1948 ( Llana of Gathol ) , with one additional title ( I Am a Barbarian ) appearing in 1967 . The company remains in the ownership of the Burroughs family and manages and licenses Burroughs ' works and characters , including Tarzan and John Carter of Mars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989b041562c6c686e179d56100b59d89", "text": "RICE (medicine) RICE is a mnemonic for four elements of treatment for soft tissue injuries -- an acronym for Rest , Ice , Compression and Elevation . The mnemonic was introduced by Gabe Mirkin in Sportsmedicine Book ( ISBN 978-0316574365 ) in year 1978 . However , he has since recanted his support for the regimen . On March 16 , 2014 , he wrote `` Coaches have used my ` RICE ' guideline for decades , but now it appears that both Ice and complete Rest may delay healing , instead of helping . In a recent study , athletes were told to exercise so intensely that they developed severe muscle damage that caused extensive muscle soreness . Although cooling delayed swelling , it did not hasten recovery from this muscle damage . '' RICE is considered a first-aid treatment , rather than a cure for soft tissue injuries . The aim is to manage discomfort and internal bleeding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaa7985a86c09b8b1748f79d72ae554f", "text": "Tim Minchin Timothy David `` Tim '' Minchin ( born 7 October 1975 ) is an Australian comedian , actor , writer , musician and director . He was born in Northampton , England , to Australian parents , but raised in Perth , Western Australia . Minchin is best known for his musical comedy , including six CDs , five DVDs , and live comedy shows that he has performed internationally . He has appeared on television in Australia , Britain , and the United States . After growing up in Perth , he attended the University of Western Australia ( UWA ) and the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts ( WAAPA ) , before moving to Melbourne in 2002 . His show Darkside launched him into the public eye , achieving critical success at the 2005 Melbourne International Comedy Festival and the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe . In 2013 , Minchin played the role of rock star Atticus Fetch on Showtime 's Californication . Minchin has a background in theatre and has appeared in various stage productions , in addition to some small acting roles on Australian television . A documentary film about Minchin , Rock N Roll Nerd ( directed by Rhian Skirving ) , was released theatrically in 2008 and broadcast by ABC1 in 2009 . He is the composer and lyricist of the Olivier Award-winning , Tony Award-winning and Grammy Award-nominated show Matilda the Musical , based on the Roald Dahl book Matilda . His new musical Groundhog Day , based on the 1993 film , opened in London in 2016 , winning his second Olivier Award , and opened on Broadway in spring 2017 . In 2013 , UWA awarded Minchin the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters for his contribution to the arts , recognising his outstanding achievements and worldwide acclaim as a composer , lyricist , actor , writer , and comedian . In 2015 , he was awarded a second Honorary Doctor of Letters from Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "022d7b59d42e25c0e319f50b499ec2d8", "text": "UPA (animation studio) United Productions of America , better known as UPA , was an American animation studio active from the 1940s through the 1970s . Beginning with industrial and World War II training films , UPA eventually produced theatrical shorts for Columbia Pictures , notably the Mr. Magoo series . In 1956 , UPA produced a television series for CBS , The Boing-Boing Show , hosted by Gerald McBoing Boing . In the 1960s , UPA produced syndicated Mr. Magoo and Dick Tracy television series and other series and specials , including the popular Mister Magoo 's Christmas Carol . UPA also produced two animated features , 1001 Arabian Nights and Gay Purr-ee , and distributed Japanese films from Toho Studios in the 1970s and 1980s . Gerald McBoing Boing ( 2005 -- 2007 ) is a more recent television series based on UPA 's memorable character and licensed and co-produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment and Classic Media , for Cartoon Network . UPA Pictures ' legacy in the history of animation has largely been overshadowed by the commercial success and availability of the cartoon libraries of Warner Bros. , MGM and Disney . Nonetheless , UPA had a significant impact on animation style , content , and technique , and its innovations were recognized and adopted by the other major animation studios and independent filmmakers all over the world . UPA pioneered the technique of limited animation . Although this style of animation came to be widely used in the 1960s and 1970s as a cost-cutting measure , it was originally intended as a stylistic alternative to the growing trend ( particularly at Disney ) of recreating cinematic realism in animated films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f867517a44e4eedc6669b1c9ca72708", "text": "Edward Le Roy Rice Edward LeRoy Rice ( August 24 , 1871 - December 1 , 1938 ) was an American producer of minstrel shows . He was the leading authority on the history of minstrel shows . He also bought and sold theatrical memorabilia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c0474efa29f17f5eebee0eb63cc6030", "text": "Todd McKenney Todd McKenney ( born 31 May 1965 ) is an Australian entertainer . He is best known for portraying Peter Allen in the musical The Boy from Oz and as a judge on Australian television show Dancing with the Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff9dd9b14b898d34e33b64bbce56e1f", "text": "Kenneth Lonergan Kenneth Lonergan ( born October 16 , 1962 ) is an American playwright , screenwriter , and director . He is best known for writing Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) and for writing and directing Manchester by the Sea ( 2016 ) . He earned an Academy Award for Best Director nomination for Manchester by the Sea , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for You Can Count on Me , Gangs of New York and Manchester by the Sea , winning the Oscar for the last at the 89th Academy Awards . He also won the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay for Manchester by the Sea at the 70th British Academy Film Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec883076d2831ff5369b7687f5071b61", "text": "List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators Tim Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American film director , film producer , writer and artist who often works with certain actors and crew members in multiple feature film directing projects . The actors who collaborated with Burton the most frequently are Johnny Depp , Helena Bonham Carter and Christopher Lee , who all appeared in eight , seven and six films , respectively . Film composer Danny Elfman composed the music for all of Burton 's feature films with the exception of Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) and Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) . He also composed the music for The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) , a stop-motion animated film Burton co-wrote and produced . Other actors that Burton has worked with include Danny DeVito , Conchata Ferrell , Albert Finney , Carmen Filpi , Michael Gough , Eva Green , Pat Hingle , Jan Hooks , Rance Howard , Jeffrey Jones , O-Lan Jones , Michael Keaton , Martin Landau , Lisa Marie , Catherine O'Hara , Michelle Pfeiffer , Missi Pyle , Paul Reubens , Alan Rickman , Deep Roy , Winona Ryder , Diane Salinger , Glenn Shadix , Martin Short , Timothy Spall , Sylvia Sidney , Christopher Walken , Frank Welker , Terence Stamp and Paul Whitehouse . Catherine O'Hara , Paul Reubens , and Glenn Shadix also starred in The Nightmare Before Christmas . Actor Jason Hervey appeared in the short film Frankenweenie ( 1984 ) , before appearing in Burton 's feature film directing debut Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) . Actor Vincent Price worked with Burton on three projects , hosting the television film Hansel and Gretel ( 1982 ) , narrating the short film Vincent ( 1982 ) and appearing in the feature film Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) . Actresses Ada and Arlene Tai worked with Burton as extras in Ed Wood before going on to be cast in Big Fish ( 2003 ) . In addition to starring in Beetlejuice , Edward Scissorhands and Frankenweenie , Winona Ryder appeared in the Burton-directed music video for The Killers ' `` Here with Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86261b8a65cc50f2f8f37aae340f3605", "text": "The Twelfth Man The Twelfth Man ( also known as The 12th Man ) is the name for a series of comedy productions by Australian satirist Billy Birmingham . Birmingham , a skilled impersonator , is generally known for parodying Australian sports commentators ' voices . As befits the name ( a reference to the non-playing reserve in an eleven-player cricket side ) , Birmingham particularly focuses on cricket commentators such as Richie Benaud , Bill Lawry and Tony Greig . This is also because many of Australia 's cricket commentators have distinctive and easily identifiable voices and accents . The parodies , released periodically on CD , are designed as a comical look `` behind the scenes '' of the Nine Network 's cricket commentary . Birmingham traditionally plays all the roles ( with the exception of Ken Sutcliffe , who played himself ; and some minor female characters , such as Richie Benaud 's secretary ) . Benaud himself sent a critique of each CD to Birmingham and was known to have a mixed opinion of the recordings , due predominantly to Birmingham 's use of profanity . All albums were produced and engineered by David Frogatt . The 12th Man 's most popular song is `` Marvellous ! '' featuring all the main three commentators . It was first recorded as a single in 1991 , with backing vocals by Jimmy Barnes , John Farnham , Diesel and Glenn Shorrock among others . An updated version , with some of the commentators changed , was featured on Still the 12th Man . He has since released an updated version of the song entitled `` Marvellous 2006 '' on his latest album Boned ! . It can be heard at the 12th Man 's MySpace . In an article in the Sydney Morning Herald on 22 November 2009 , Birmingham announced that Boned ! would be his last studio album as The Twelfth Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29918374caa121dce319f7d5a56ba06f", "text": "Alapalooza Alapalooza is the eighth studio album by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic , released in 1993 . By the completion of his previous album , Off the Deep End , Yankovic had already written all of the original songs that he planned to use on his next release . This new album , which would eventually be titled Alapalooza in reference to the music festival Lollapalooza , consisted of seven original songs and five parodies . It produced three parody singles : `` Jurassic Park '' , `` Bedrock Anthem '' , and `` Achy Breaky Song '' . `` Jurassic Park '' was a top five hit on the Canadian magazine The Records single chart . Among the album 's original creations were `` Talk Soup '' , a tune originally intended to replace the theme song of the television show of the same name , and `` Harvey the Wonder Hamster '' , an oft-requested jingle from one of Yankovic 's Al TV specials . A music video compilation , entitled Alapalooza : the Videos , was released the following year and contained four videos , only two of which were from its eponymous album . One of the videos , the one for `` Jurassic Park '' , was animated entirely in the style of claymation and received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video at the 37th Grammy Awards , losing to `` Love Is Strong '' from The Rolling Stones . Alapalooza met with average to negative reception upon its release , with some critics commenting that the album seemed hurried and out of touch with contemporary music . The video offering received a similarly lukewarm response . Nonetheless the album was certified `` gold '' in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America by the end of the year , peaking at number 46 on the Billboard 200 , and went `` double platinum '' in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5577b873f83605f4d9bc938b8285d8a", "text": "Grant A. Rice Grant A. Rice is an American theatrical producer , manager , and consultant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5721b6c4c66e42a311fbc0cad189c243", "text": "Edward E. Rice Edward Everett Rice ( December 21 , 1847 -- November 16 , 1924 ) was an American musical composer and theater producer active during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries , known primarily for being a pioneer of American musical theater and introducing to Broadway a musical by African-American writers and performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d57750959e78a753f39af3e905bbeab", "text": "It's Magic, Charlie Brown It 's Magic , Charlie Brown is the 21st prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip Peanuts , by Charles M. Schulz . It originally aired on April 28 , 1981 . The special was later released on DVD on September 2 , 2008 as a bonus feature on Warner Home Video 's remastered deluxe DVD of It 's the Great Pumpkin , Charlie Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a7380bc00d94d41d546db95542c044", "text": "68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards . The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) . Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52ae2b81281b0be0e6e0396b014f71aa", "text": "Marion Rice Marion Burbank Stevens Rice ( September 9 , 1904 -- April 12 , 1995 ) was an American modern dance choreographer , dance teacher and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2cb91d376000c34481bc263744ebb4f", "text": "The Full Monty (musical) The Full Monty is a musical with a book by Terrence McNally and score by David Yazbek . In this Americanized musical stage version adapted from the 1997 British film of the same name , six unemployed Buffalo steelworkers , low on both cash and prospects , decide to present a strip act at a local club after seeing their wives ' enthusiasm for a touring company of Chippendales . One of them , Jerry , declares that their show will be better than the Chippendales dancers because they 'll go `` the full monty '' -- strip all the way . As they prepare for the show , working through their fears , self-consciousness , and anxieties , they overcome their inner demons and find strength in their camaraderie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7849f6e24971b6e805d04853df481b0b", "text": "Doctor Dolittle (film) Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 American musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison , Samantha Eggar , Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough . It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting . It primarily fuses three of the books The Story of Doctor Dolittle , The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle , and Doctor Dolittle 's Circus . The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story . The film exceeded its original budget of $ 6 million by three times , and recouped $ 9 million upon release in 1967 , earning only $ 6.2 million in theatrical rentals . The film received mixed to negative critical reviews , but through the studio 's intense lobbying , was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a839d85db93e176254eef42865082821", "text": "Lindsay and Crouse Lindsay and Crouse was the writing team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse , who collaborated famously from 1935 to 1962 on a succession of Broadway comedies and musicals . Their first collaboration was the rewriting of the book of Anything Goes ( 1934 ) , which became a major hit and has been frequently revived . In 1946 , they were awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for their 1945 play , State of the Union . Crouse named his daughter , Lindsay Ann Crouse , in honor of his longstanding partnership with Lindsay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e4ac48687d9f5440f6ab3b43bca5cb9b
The Walt Disney Company is headquartered in Burbank, California.
[ { "docid": "8fc49e31cacb2127d09daeba41ecbc21", "text": "The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company , commonly known as Disney , is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate , headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank , California . It is the world 's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue , after Comcast . Disney was founded on October 16 , 1923 -- by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney -- as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio , and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production , television , and theme parks . The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions . Taking on its current name in 1986 , it expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theater , radio , music , publishing , and online media . In addition , Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands . The company is best known for the products of its film studio , Walt Disney Studios , which is today one of the largest and best-known studios in American cinema . Disney 's other three main divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts , Disney Media Networks , and Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media . Disney also owns and operates the ABC broadcast television network ; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , A+E Networks , and Freeform ; publishing , merchandising , music , and theatre divisions ; and owns and licenses 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6 , 1991 . Mickey Mouse , an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company , is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f40af53f9ad0525f42fad0151633b648", "text": "Toy store A toy store , or toy shop , is a retail business specializing in selling toys . No longer held to the limitations of a physical outlet , many toy stores now transact business over the Internet in addition to shops on the street . Many department stores also have toy sections . Among the most widely known toy retailers are Toys `` R '' Us and FAO Schwarz . The flagship store of Hamleys in London is the world 's largest toy shop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de05db7f72e144bb81749a9181344fa2", "text": "SeaWorld SeaWorld is a United States chain of marine mammal parks , oceanariums , animal theme parks , and rehabilitation centers owned by SeaWorld Entertainment ( one park will be owned and operated by Miral under a license ) . The parks feature killer whale , sea lion , and dolphin shows and zoological displays featuring various other marine animals . There are operations located within the United States in Orlando , Florida ; San Diego , California ; San Antonio , Texas ; later outside the United States such as Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates ; and previously Aurora , Ohio . On March 5 , 2007 , SeaWorld Orlando announced addition of the Aquatica water park to its adventure park family , which already includes SeaWorld and Discovery Cove . SeaWorld parks also feature thrill rides , including roller coasters like Kraken and Manta at SeaWorld Orlando and Steel Eel and The Great White at SeaWorld San Antonio . Journey to Atlantis , a combination roller coaster and splashdown ride , can be found at all three parks . The parks were owned by Busch Entertainment Corp. , the family entertainment division of Anheuser-Busch , which is best known for brewing beer . In 2009 , Busch Entertainment was sold to the Blackstone Group and subsequently renamed SeaWorld Entertainment . In 2013 , Blackstone sold 37 % of SeaWorld Entertainment in an initial public offering , and sold its remaining 21 % holding to Zhonghong Zhuoye in 2017 . The parks ' marine mammal collections have been the subject of public debate over the years . The 2013 documentary film Blackfish , produced after a SeaWorld Orlando trainer was killed by one of the park 's killer whales , increased the scrutiny and has led to decreases in attendance , profits , and the company 's share price . It is a major theme park competitor to Six Flags , Cedar Fair , Walt Disney Parks & Resorts , and Universal Parks & Resorts . In 2016 , SeaWorld announced that they would end their in-park Orca breeding program , and eventually phase out their theatrical killer whale shows altogether starting in San Diego . It was announced later in the same year that SeaWorld would build their first park without killer whales and outside of the United States in Abu Dhabi , UAE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ae2dd157beb191ef7d9622412342919", "text": "Timeline of The Walt Disney Company This is a timeline of The Walt Disney Company , listing notable business events for the organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63b71c3e01c06b8b32dc1b27b4f1866e", "text": "The Burbank Studios The Burbank Studios ( formerly known as NBC Studios ) is a television production facility located in Burbank , California . The studio is home to Days of Our Lives , The Robert Irvine Show , and Henry Danger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ace6a476043d9581f4609768cbe0975b", "text": "Disney Springs Disney Springs ( previously known as Lake Buena Vista Shopping Village in 1975 , Walt Disney World Village in 1977 , Disney Village Marketplace in 1989 , and Downtown Disney in 1997 ) is an outdoor shopping , dining , and entertainment complex at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake , Florida , near Orlando . The complex opened on March 22 , 1975 , and has been expanded and renamed at other times over the years , until 2013 , when plans were announced for a three-year renovation and expansion of the complex , and on September 29 , 2015 , the name officially changed to Disney Springs . The complex includes four distinct areas : Marketplace , The Landing , Town Center , and West Side . Buses and water taxis operated by Disney Transport provide transportation between Disney Springs and other areas of Walt Disney World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69d5dff6683a5fe51daa0188e62199c0", "text": "Innoventions (Epcot) Innoventions is a museum at Epcot in Walt Disney World , Florida . It focuses on technological advancements and their practical applications in everyday life . Innoventions is a portmanteau of the words `` innovation '' and `` invention '' . Innoventions first opened in 1994 which prominently displayed Sega Genesis , Sega Game Gear , Sega 32X , Sega CD , and Sega Pico games in an arcade style . There were some `` virtual reality '' displays ( which was basically more advanced video games at the time ) . Innoventions in Epcot replaced the original tenant of its two semi-circular buildings , CommuniCore . Epcot 's version is divided into two buildings known as Innoventions East and Innoventions West . In 1999 , Innoventions had a major renovation for the park 's Millennium Celebration , and added the subtitle `` The Road to Tomorrow '' . In 2007-2008 Innoventions underwent another major renovation , dropped the subtitle `` Road to Tomorrow , '' and changed its general aesthetic again while also launching the companion website innoventions.disney.com .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e678368d7782b25035a28c03c2c618dd", "text": "Bandai Namco Holdings , also known as the Bandai Namco Group , is a Japanese holding company which was formed from the merger of Bandai and Namco on September 29 , 2005 . It specializes in toys , video games , arcades , anime , and amusement parks . The company 's headquarters are based in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Their US branch , Bandai Namco Holdings USA , was officially formed on January 6 , 2008 , and handles the US operations of the company from their headquarters in Cypress , California . The main business of Bandai Namco Holdings consists of the design and implementation of management strategies for the conglomerate and providing support for the overall business of its subsidiaries . Its task is to bring Namco and Bandai into one organized brand . Namco Bandai also supply various arcade machines to movie theaters and arcades across the globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bf49f4fd331ffb611d4eb8ae0520a0f", "text": "Walt Disney World Dolphin The Walt Disney World Dolphin is a resort hotel designed by architect Michael Graves located between Epcot and Disney 's Hollywood Studios in the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake , Florida , next to Disney 's BoardWalk Resort area . It opened on June 1 , 1990 and is joined to its sister hotel , the Walt Disney World Swan ( also designed by Graves ) by a palm-tree lined covered walkway crossing a lagoon . The Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin is a joint venture between the Walt Disney Company , Tishman Hotel Corporation , MetLife and Starwood Hotels and Resorts . The land the resort occupies is owned by the Walt Disney Company , while the buildings themselves are leased by Disney to the Tishman Hotel Corporation and MetLife but operated by Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide under the Sheraton Hotels brand . The Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin are a part of the Walt Disney Collection of resorts ; because of this they are Disney branded and guests of the resort have access to special Disney benefits available to Disney Resort Hotel guests only . The Dolphin and Swan share similar elements , but each has a distinctive appearance . The Dolphin is composed of a 257 ft tall triangular tower bisecting a 12-story rectangular mass with four 9-story wings on the Swan-side of the structure . The roof of each half of the main mass is adorned with a 56 ft tall Dolphin statue . On the main colored facade there is a turquoise banana-leaf pattern echoed by a similar wave pattern on the Swan . The statues on top of the Dolphin hotel are not mammalian dolphins , but a stylized version of a nautical dolphin , a common symbol used on old world nautical maps . The design of the creatures is based on Triton Fountain in Rome . In 2008 , The Walt Disney Dolphin Resort was awarded a One Palm Designation through the Florida Green Lodging Program established by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection . The Florida Green Lodging Program is a voluntary state initiative that provides the lodging industry with free technical assistance , encouraging hotels and motels to adopt cost-saving `` green '' practices that reduce waste , conserve natural resources and improve the bottom line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "683b93384d36c1c05900189251eb72e0", "text": "Virtual Magic Kingdom Virtual Magic Kingdom , also known as VMK , was a massively multiplayer online game developed by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts and Sulake Corporation and published by The Walt Disney Company . It was a virtual representation of the Disneyland style theme parks , containing areas and minigames which were based on real park scenery and attractions . It was launched as part of the Happiest Celebration on Earth promotional campaign to commemorate fifty years of Disney theme parks . The beta version opened publicly on May 23 , 2005 , with three virtual lands to explore : Main Street USA , Fantasyland , and Adventureland . This `` beta '' designation was removed on June 27 . The Tomorrowland game area was made available on October 5 , and Frontierland opened on December 12 . The rest of Tomorrowland opened on April 4 , 2006 , and New Orleans Square , the final land added , opened on January 8 , 2007 . VMK initially launched as an attachment to the Disneyland 50th-anniversary celebration , without long-term intentions , but it gained popularity and eventually became a long-term venture on its own . The target audience of the game was children between the ages of 8 and 14 , although VMK was designed to be enjoyed by guests of all ages . Due to the young age of the game 's target users , it was patrolled by paid staff who watched out for inappropriate behavior and language . Because of the need for human monitors , the time that the game was open had to be limited ; it was open to the public daily between 7:00 am -- 10:00 pm PST ( 10:00 am -- 1:00 am EST , 3:00 pm -- 6:00 am UTC ) . On May 21 , 2008 , the Virtual Magic Kingdom game was closed by Disney . Many fans asked Disney if VMK was going to reopen . This prompted Disney to post a message on the VMK homepage that the game was a promotion , and was closed , and that there were `` no plans '' to reopen VMK in any form . The VMK homepage now redirects to the main Disney games site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e8fc181a8ab7a734d62a6554a92521e", "text": "Buena Park Downtown Buena Park Downtown , formerly Buena Park Mall , is an enclosed shopping mall located on La Palma Avenue in Buena Park , California , United States , near Knott 's Berry Farm . Currently owned by Coventry Real Estate Advisors , the mall is anchored by Bed Bath & Beyond , TJ Maxx , Ross Dress For Less , Sears and Wal-Mart . it is the 20th largest mall in Orange County , with around 1100000 sqft of retail space . It has languished in sales , however ; at $ 123 million , it brings in half of other malls its size , such as WP Glimcher 's Westminster Mall and Westfield MainPlace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36195a2224e29782331ca239cd28b7d4", "text": "Music World Corporation Music World Corporation is an American music production and music publishing company , representing hundreds of song and music cue titles for a small clientele of composers and lyricists including the company founder . The company was founded in 1958 by Academy Award-winning songwriter Robert B. Sherman . The company is based in Beverly Hills , California and is affiliated with the performance rights organization BMI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6288fee2bd1021cbd3c2016ba584e22", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to : Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies . Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6171ad9e66b5b119b5b4b469735fe8ca", "text": "The Walt Disney Company CIS The Walt Disney Company CIS , LLC is one of The Walt Disney Company 's international divisions . The Walt Disney Company CIS was founded in April 2006 . It is headquartered in Moscow , the capital of Russia . In 2007 , Walt Disney Company CIS and Sony Pictures Russia created the joint venture of Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing CIS . The company owns and operates Russian versions of Disney Channel and Playhouse Disney . Disney Channel was originally planned to launch in 2009 , but a Disney Americas deal with Media-One Holdings was denied by Russian authorities . The Walt Disney Company CIS produced the film The Book of Masters . Marina Zhigalova-Ozkan is head of The Walt Disney Company CIS . The Walt Disney Company CIS planned to make two new films in the summer of 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e4a64da787d9c7f851963bef2411d2", "text": "Disney–ABC Domestic Television Disney -- ABC Domestic Television , also operating as ABC Syndication ( formerly known as Buena Vista Television and also known as Disney Domestic Television and Disney-ABC Home Entertainment and Television Distribution ) , is the in-home sales and content distribution firm of the Disney -- ABC Television Group , a division of The Walt Disney Company . Content distribution responsibilities include domestic television syndication , domestic pay TV , Internet and cable video-on-demand ( VOD ) , and pay-per-view outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bcd8981b4da3f755518dc239f4f3d2d", "text": "Disney Channel (France) Disney Channel is the French language edition of the Disney Channel , owned by the Walt Disney Company . It was launched in March 1997 , primarily on the CanalSat platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4ae85ee00c4c394d7c96e2d494d1bb5", "text": "Dow Chemical Company The Dow Chemical Company , commonly referred to as Dow , is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland , Michigan , United States . As of 2007 , it is the second-largest chemical manufacturer in the world by revenue ( after BASF ) and as of February 2009 , the third-largest chemical company in the world by market capitalization ( after BASF and DuPont ) . It ranked second in the world by chemical production in 2014 . Dow manufactures plastics , chemicals , and agricultural products . With a presence in about 160 countries , it employs about 54,000 people worldwide . The company has seven different major operating segments , with a wide variety of products made by each one . Dow 's 2012 sales totaled approximately $ 57 billion . Dow has been called the `` chemical companies ' chemical company '' in that most of its sales are to other industries rather than end-users . Dow sells directly to end-users primarily in the human and animal health and consumer products markets . Dow is a member of the American Chemistry Council . The company tagline is `` Solutionism '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61df8ac8b91b3fd05e37cd4fd62979b2", "text": "Hanna–Barbera Land Hanna -- Barbera Land was a theme park based on the cartoons of the Hanna-Barbera animation studio . It was located in the Spring CDP of unincorporated Harris County , Texas , United States , north of Houston . It was open in the 1984 and 1985 seasons . The park was built by Taft Broadcasting , which became the Kings Entertainment Company as of opening . Kings also owned the Australia 's Wonderland , Canada 's Wonderland , Carowinds , Kings Dominion , and Kings Island theme parks . Despite increased attendance in 1985 , a bad regional economy , competition with the well-established Astroworld and minimal spending in the park on concessions , gift shop purchases , and souvenirs doomed the park . The park was sold to private investors and SplashTown USA was built in its place , then again to Bryant Morris , then to Six Flags who purchased it in 1999 . After initially not wanting to brand and call it `` a member of the Six Flags family , '' Six Flags eventually decided to re-brand it as Six Flags SplashTown . In 2007 it was sold to PARC Management who continues to operate it .", "title": "" } ]
fever
2e4bac820ffa1b4b02fce89c9d6226af
Harry Potter is a navy captain.
[ { "docid": "b82024e5629317bf1fe5c3c56dd5ed2a", "text": "Harry Potter Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling . The novels chronicle the life of a young wizard , Harry Potter , and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley , all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . The main story arc concerns Harry 's struggle against Lord Voldemort , a dark wizard who intends to become immortal , overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic , and subjugate all wizards and Muggles , a reference term that means non-magical people . Since the release of the first novel , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , on 26 June 1997 , the books have found immense popularity , critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide . The series has now been translated into multiple languages including French , Irish , Spanish , German and Swedish to name a few . They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers , and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature . The series has also had its share of criticism , including concern about the increasingly dark tone as the series progressed , as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts . , the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide , making them the best-selling book series in history , and have been translated into seventy-three languages . The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history , with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release . The series was originally published in English by two major publishers , Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States . A play , Harry Potter and the Cursed Child , based on a story co-written by Rowling , premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the Palace Theatre , and its script was published by Little , Brown as the eighth book in the series . The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part film series by Warner Bros. . Pictures , which has become the second highest-grossing film series of all time . In 2016 , the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $ 25 billion , making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . A series of many genres , including fantasy , drama , coming of age , friendship , and the British school story ( which includes elements of mystery , thriller , adventure , horror and romance ) , the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references . According to Rowling , the main theme is death . Other major themes in the series include prejudice , corruption , and madness . The success of the books and films has ensured that the Harry Potter franchise continues to expand , with numerous derivative works , a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009 , a studio tour in London that opened in 2012 , a digital platform on which J.K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight , and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 , among many other developments . Most recently , themed attractions , collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , have been built at several Universal Parks & Resorts amusement parks around the world .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de0530dc0c1448ece6d282397e6b2728", "text": "Hornblower in the West Indies Hornblower in the West Indies , or alternately Admiral Hornblower in the West Indies , is one of the novels in the series that C. S. Forester wrote about fictional Royal Navy officer Horatio Hornblower . All the other novels in the series take place during the wars with revolutionary and Napoleonic France ; this one , however , takes place when Britain is at peace , May 1821 -- October 1823 . Hornblower has been promoted rear-admiral and has been named in command of the West Indies station ( i.e. , the Caribbean ) with a squadron consisting of three frigates and fourteen brigs and schooners . It is the last Hornblower novel chronologically , although at least one short story ( The Last Encounter ) is set after the events in this novel . In the Royal Navy of the early nineteenth century , promotion from captain to admiral was based solely on seniority . The distinguished officer Edward Berry was promoted to captain in 1797 and did not become a rear-admiral until 1821 . Hornblower was made a captain in 1805 ; thus , seniority should not have brought promotion to Hornblower until the mid-1830s or later . Like some other Hornblower novels , Forester wrote it in the form of several novellas that can be read independently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd88da9b53bebf1cce9758e3e35b2d7", "text": "Lieutenant (junior grade) Lieutenant ( junior grade ) ( LTJG ) is a junior commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy , the United States Coast Guard , the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps ( NOAA Corps ) , with the pay grade of O-2 . The rank is also used in the United States Maritime Service . The NOAA Corps 's predecessors , the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps ( 1917 -- 1965 ) and the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps or ESSA Corps ( 1965 -- 1970 ) , also used the rank . Lieutenant , junior grade , ranks above ensign and below lieutenant and is equivalent to a first lieutenant in the other uniformed services ( the Army , Marine Corps and Air Force ) and sub-lieutenant in the Royal Navy and the navies of many Commonwealth countries . Promotion to LTJG is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 . DOPMA guidelines suggest all `` fully qualified '' ensigns should be promoted to LTJG . The time for promotion to LTJG is a minimum of two years after commissioning in the Navy or 18 months in the Coast Guard . Lieutenants , junior grade typically lead petty officers and non-rated personnel , unless assigned to small aircraft or on staff duty . A LTJG 's usual shipboard billet is as a division officer . Lieutenant , junior grade is often referred to colloquially as JG ( `` Jay-Jee '' ) . Prior to March 3 , 1883 , this rank was known in the Navy as Master .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc613d244a32c9b564b34c993e0b0bb6", "text": "Captain-class frigate The Captain class was the designation given to 78 frigates of the Royal Navy , constructed in the United States of America , launched in 1942 -- 1943 and delivered to the United Kingdom under the provisions of the Lend-Lease agreement ( under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom and other Allied nations with materiel between 1941 and 1945 ) . They were drawn from two sub-classes of the American destroyer escort ( originally British destroyer escort ) classification : 32 from the Evarts subclass and 46 from the Buckley subclass . Upon reaching the UK the ships were substantially modified by the Royal Navy , making them distinct from the US Navy destroyer escort ships . Captain-class frigates acted in the roles of convoy escorts , anti-submarine warfare vessels , coastal forces control frigates and headquarters ships for the Normandy landings . During the course of World War II this class participated in the sinking of at least 34 German submarines and a number of other hostile craft ; 15 of the 78 Captain-class frigates were either sunk or written-off as a constructive total loss . In the post-war period , all of the surviving Captain-class frigates except one ( HMS Hotham ) were returned to the US Navy before the end of 1947 in order to reduce the amount payable under the provisions of the Lend-Lease agreement ; the last Captain-class frigate was returned to United States custody in March 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80004770a4b00f27abdd1ff0a7d6693f", "text": "Captain of the port The captain of the port is an official who has different functions in the United Kingdom , the United States , and other countries . To some extent the role of captain of the port is analogous to that of a harbourmaster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93b81ebb17f4e03cd63813999068237", "text": "Harry Potter Alliance The Harry Potter Alliance ( also known as the HPA ) is a nonprofit organization run primarily by Harry Potter fans . It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan . Since then , the organisation 's campaigns have focused on topics such as literacy , United States immigration reform , economic justice , gay rights , sexism , labor rights , mental health , body image , and climate change . They have received recognition from many popular figures in the Harry Potter community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f844718b74b186afaf8bc3bf6741af0", "text": "Royal Navy (disambiguation) The Royal Navy is the United Kingdom 's navy . Royal Navy may also refer to : Royal Navy of Oman Royal Australian Navy Royal Canadian Navy Royal New Zealand Navy Royal Brunei Navy ( Tentera Laut Diraja Brunei ) Royal Danish Navy ( Søværnet ) Royal Malaysian Navy ( Tentera Laut DiRaja Malaysia ) Royal Moroccan Navy Royal Netherlands Navy ( Koninklijke Marine ) Royal Norwegian Navy ( Sjøforsvaret ) Royal Saudi Navy Royal Swedish Navy ( Kungliga flottan ) Royal Thai Navy Austro-Hungarian Navy ( Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine ) , a navy from 1786 to 1918 Royal Belgian Navy ( Marine Royale ) , a navy from 1831 to 1865 Regia Marina ( `` Royal Navy '' ) , Italy 's navy from 1861 to 1946 Royal Danish Navy ( 1510 -- 1814 ) ( Kongelige Danske Marine ) Royal Hellenic Navy , a navy from 1833 to 1924 and 1936 to 1973 Royal Indian Navy , a navy from 1612 to 1950 Royal Scots Navy , a navy from the Middle Ages to 1707 Royal Yugoslav Navy , a navy from 1918 to 1941", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1a5d2a735372f44965bf907a14ed3f", "text": "Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald Admiral Thomas Cochrane , 10th Earl of Dundonald , Marquess of Maranhão , GCB , ODM ( 14 December 1775 -- 31 October 1860 ) , styled Lord Cochrane between 1778 and 1831 , was a British naval flag officer of the Royal Navy and radical politician . He was a daring and successful captain of the Napoleonic Wars , leading Napoleon to nickname him Le Loup des Mers ( ` The Sea Wolf ' ) . He was successful in virtually all his naval actions . He was dismissed from the Royal Navy in 1814 following a controversial conviction for fraud on the Stock Exchange . He helped organise and lead the rebel navies of Chile and Brazil during their respective successful wars of independence through the 1820s . While in charge of the Chilean Navy , Cochrane also contributed to Peruvian Independence through the Freedom Expedition of Perú . He was also asked to help the Greek Navy but was prevented by events from having much impact . In 1832 , he was pardoned by the Crown and reinstated in the Royal Navy with the rank of Rear Admiral of the Blue . After several more promotions , he died in 1860 with the rank of Admiral of the Red , and the honorary title of Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom . His life and exploits inspired the naval fiction of 19th - and 20th-century novelists , particularly the figures of Horatio Hornblower and Patrick O'Brian 's protagonist Jack Aubrey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b56ea5301b097cf0fe373047e4d31ab", "text": "Flight lieutenant Flight Lieutenant ( Flt Lt in the RAF and IAF ; FLTLT in the RAAF and RNZAF -- formerly sometimes F/L in all services ) is a junior commissioned air force rank that originated in the Royal Naval Air Service and is still used in the Royal Air Force and many other countries , especially in the Commonwealth . It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in non-English-speaking countries , especially those with an air force-specific rank structure . Flight lieutenant ranks above flying officer and below squadron leader . The name of the rank is the complete phrase ; it is never shortened to `` lieutenant '' . It has a NATO ranking code of OF-2 , and is equivalent to a lieutenant in the Royal Navy and a captain in the British Army and the Royal Marines . The equivalent rank in the Women 's Auxiliary Air Force ( WAAF ) , Women 's Royal Air Force ( WRAF ) ( until 1968 ) and Princess Mary 's Royal Air Force Nursing Service ( PMRAFNS ) ( until 1980 ) was flight officer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9baaff2be7a370de21e0a1c491e4c1ea", "text": "George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland . Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents . Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since . Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger . As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f718689560346a1b642c6d092273e8c", "text": "Wardroom The wardroom is the mess cabin or compartment for commissioned naval officers above the rank of midshipman . Although typically applies to officers in a navy , it is also applicable to marine officers and coast guard officers in those nations that have such service branches . Typically the mess compartment aboard a naval or coast guard vessel , and on larger vessels , such as aircraft carriers of the U.S. Navy , there may more than one wardroom . It may also be used to refer to similar officer mess facilities at naval , marine , and coast guard installations ashore . The term the wardroom is also used ( metonymically ) to refer to those individuals with the right to occupy that wardroom , meaning `` the officers of the wardroom . '' The wardoom provides a place of recreation as well as being a dining room . Usually , a galley or scullery adjoins the wardroom . Service is provided by stewards , now known in some services as mess specialists or culinary specialists . On warships other than those of the U.S. Navy , there is usually a bar where alcoholic drinks can be purchased . Ships can be either `` wet '' or `` dry '' : the former allowing the consumption of alcohol at sea , while the latter only allows alcohol when alongside at port , if at all . Ships of the United States Navy have not allowed alcohol consumption onboard since 1913 , although since 1980 unique , by exception , single-day waivers have been granted to vessels deployed in excess of ninety 90 ) days without a port call . Wardrooms have rules governing etiquette . Traditionally considered taboo are three topics : politics , religion , and sex ( earlier guidebooks referred to the latter as ladies , this being changed as increasing numbers of female officers joined the wardrooms of warships and coast guard cutters ) . On large ships in peacetime , talking about professional business is also frowned upon . It is also considered inappropriate to perform work or to meet with subordinates in a wardroom . Typically , upon entering the wardroom at meal time , members ask permission from the most senior officer present before joining the table . The ship 's executive officer is usually the mess president . On warships and coast guard vessels , the commanding officer is normally not a member of the wardroom , but is invited to join the members for special occasions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bce0113b829b0824a453844e3b4cd54", "text": "William Bush (Hornblower) Captain William Bush RN is a fictional character in C. S. Forester 's Horatio Hornblower series . He is Hornblower 's best friend , and serves with Hornblower in the Royal Navy prior to the Peace of Amiens and again during the Napoleonic Wars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f94d608c9e53e3e768c149c2e7737c3a", "text": "Air commodore Air commodore ( abbreviated as Air Cdre in the RAF , IAF and PAF ; AIRCDRE in the RNZAF and RAAF ) is a one-star rank and the most junior general rank of the air-officer which originated in and continues to be used by the Royal Air Force . The rank is also used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence such as Zimbabwe , and it is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure . The name of the rank is always the full phrase and is never shortened to Commodore , which is a rank in various naval forces . Air commodore is a one-star rank and the most junior air officer rank , being immediately senior to group captain and immediately subordinate to air vice-marshal . It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6 and is equivalent to a commodore in the Royal Navy or a brigadier in the British Army or the Royal Marines . Unlike these two ranks , however , it has always been a substantive rank . Additionally , air commodores have always been considered to be air officers whilst Royal Navy commodores have not since the Napoleonic Wars been classified as officers of flag rank , and British Army brigadiers have not been considered to be general officers since 1922 when they ceased to be titled as brigadier-generals . In other NATO forces , such as the United States Armed Forces and the Canadian Armed Forces , the equivalent one-star rank is brigadier general . The equivalent rank in the Women 's Auxiliary Air Force , Women 's Royal Air Force ( until 1968 ) and Princess Mary 's Royal Air Force Nursing Service ( until 1980 ) was `` air commandant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55af4635467bd5bad1262c09108276aa", "text": "Upper Yardman Scheme (Royal Navy) The Upper Yardman Scheme had its origin in 1912 , when Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg , the then First Sea Lord , initiated a scheme to allow Royal Navy ratings the chance to gain a commission at a relatively young age and so enable them to compete for promotion to the highest ranks . Until 1931 it was known as the Mate Scheme because successful candidates were promoted to the rank of mate , but that title was very much disliked and from 1932 onwards the scheme became known as the Upper Yardman Scheme , those successful being promoted to the rank of sub-lieutenant . The term Upper Yardman refers to the days of sail where the smartest and bravest of seamen manned the upper yards and its adoption served to reinforce the superiority of the officer candidates to the rest of the lower-deck and suggested officer-like qualities of courage and seamanship skill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5bd32a5ac7292834cd516d2991f23fb", "text": "Royal Navy Police The Royal Navy Police ( RNP ) is the service police branch of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines . Members of the RNP enforce law , discipline , and maintain order as outlined in the Armed Forces Act 2006 . The Royal Navy Police was known as the Royal Navy Regulating Branch until 2007 , when the service was renamed the Royal Navy Police in a change brought about by the Armed Forces Act 2006 . Members are , however , still known as `` Regulators '' . The RNP subsumed the Royal Marines Police in 2009 , although for operational purposes the majority of the two cadres of personnel are employed within their respective areas of the service . The RNP provide a Troop strength unit of Royal Marines to 3 Commando Brigade to provide policing services as part of the UK Landing force . The motto of the RNP is `` Ne Cede Malis '' which translates from Latin into English as ` Do not yield to adversity ' or ` Do not give in to evil ' . The RNP is the smallest of all police branches in the three services , with its provost marshal holding the rank of commander .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee7d2dc8aef7441292b1288d7d481c8c", "text": "Harry Hubbard Harry Enson Hubbard ( 18 March 1903 -- 16 October 1942 ) was an officer in the United States Navy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "857b476cf55388780ac88646c585fed3", "text": "Naval captain Naval captain may refer to : Captain ( naval ) , the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships Captain at sea , a rank equivalent to Captain ( naval ) in non-English-speaking countries such as Germany and the Netherlands Sea captain , a licensed mariner in ultimate command of the vessel", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c43732aca788fcecbbe8ef5a257f0e3", "text": "Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite , by Anthony Trollope , is a novel originally published in Macmillan 's Magazine between May and December , 1870 , and in novel form in 1871 . The novel offers psychological dissection of the issues of inheritance , filial duty , noblesse oblige , gentlemanly behaviour , repentance and love , all hung upon the story of the wooing and losing of Sir Harry Hotspur 's daughter ( and heir to his property ) , Emily , by their `` scamp '' of a cousin ( and heir to Sir Harry 's baronetcy ) , Captain George Hotspur .", "title": "" } ]
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