Split (1)

train · 20.9k rows

query_id stringlengths 32 32	query stringlengths 8 614	positive_passages listlengths 1 23	negative_passages listlengths 12 25	subset stringclasses 3 values
3fef31dda40788d1e2dfeddec5fdf561	Clark Kent is Superman.	[ { "docid": "40dfc46b84213b98728b5ec8fbd4cad9", "text": "Clark Kent Clark Joseph Kent is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , he debuted in Action Comics # 1 ( June 1938 ) and serves as the civilian and secret identity of the superhero Superman . Over the decades there has been considerable debate as to which personality the character identifies with most . From his first introduction in 1938 to the mid-1980s , `` Clark Kent '' was seen mostly as a disguise for Superman , enabling him to mix with ordinary people . This was the view in most comics and other media such as movie serials and TV ( e.g. , in Atom Man vs. Superman starring Kirk Alyn and The Adventures of Superman starring George Reeves ) and radio . In 1986 , during John Byrne 's revamping of the character , Clark Kent became more emphasized . Different takes persist in the present , with the character typically depicted as being clumsy and mild-mannered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae96cda99ac7edc745fb33212cd3a6cf", "text": "Superman Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , high school students living in Cleveland , Ohio , in 1933 . They sold Superman to Detective Comics , the future DC Comics , in 1938 . Superman debuted in Action Comics # 1 ( cover-dated June 1938 ) and subsequently appeared in various radio serials , newspaper strips , television programs , films , and video games . With this success , Superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the American comic book . The character is also referred to by such epithets as the Big Blue Boy Scout , the Man of Steel , the Man of Tomorrow , and the Last Son of Krypton . The origin story of Superman relates that he was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton , before being rocketed to Earth as an infant by his scientist father Jor-El , moments before Krypton 's destruction . Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple , the child is raised as Clark Kent and imbued with a strong moral compass . Very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities , which , upon reaching maturity , he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a `` Superman '' identity . Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis . As Clark Kent , he is a journalist for the Daily Planet , a Metropolis newspaper . Superman 's love interest is generally Lois Lane , and his archenemy is the supervillain Lex Luthor . A close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman , he is typically depicted as a member of the Justice League . Like other characters in the DC Universe , several alternate versions of Superman have been characterized over the years . Superman 's appearance is distinctive and iconic ; he usually wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest , consisting of the letter S in a shield shape , and a red cape . This shield is used in many media to symbolize the character . Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon . He has fascinated scholars , with cultural theorists , commentators , and critics alike exploring the character 's role and impact in the United States and worldwide . The character 's ownership has often been the subject of dispute , with Siegel and Shuster twice suing for the return of rights . The character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well , including films , television series , and video games . Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn , George Reeves , Christopher Reeve , Dean Cain , Tom Welling , Brandon Routh , Henry Cavill , and Tyler Hoechlin .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "96755d5fbc3315f0d7c6c2a2a5cf7c88", "text": "Krypton (comics) Krypton , a planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton , which is abundant in its atmosphere . The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , and was first referred to in Action Comics # 1 ( June 1938 ) . The planet made its first full appearance in Superman # 1 ( Summer 1939 ) . Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl , Krypto the Superdog , and Power Girl ( in her case , an alternate-universe version designated `` Krypton-Two '' ) . It has been consistently described as having been destroyed shortly after Superman 's flight from the planet , although the exact details of its destruction vary by time period and writers . Kryptonians were the dominant species on Krypton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2669a9e7f395360affae1688edb2ec", "text": "Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus . It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93e636b66a673b411e265d5a1f5118ee", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) . Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star . The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c752318a4d39ad6e7d9012860f8de299", "text": "Superman: The Man of Steel (disambiguation) Superman : The Man of Steel was a monthly comics series that ran from 1986 to 2003 . Superman : The Man of Steel may also refer to : Superman : The Man of Steel ( 2002 video game ) , a video game for Xbox Superman : The Man of Steel ( 1993 video game ) , a Master System game Superman : The Man of Steel ( 1989 video game ) Man of Steel ( film ) , the 2013 Superman film The Man of Steel ( comics ) , a 1986 comic book limited series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a86db93dcd8479c2ae9e75f6dbce6f7", "text": "Colin Clark Colin Clark may refer to : Colin Clark ( economist ) ( 1905 -- 1989 ) , British and Australian economist and statistician Colin Clark ( soccer ) ( born 1984 ) , American soccer player Colin Clark ( filmmaker ) ( 1932 -- 2002 ) , British writer and filmmaker Colin Clark of the Clark baronets Colin Clark ( golfer ) in NCAA Division III Men 's Golf Championships `` Colin Clark '' , the name under which Kryptonian orphan Kal-El ( a.k.a. Superman ) is raised in the alternate universe of Superman : True Brit Colin W. Clark , Canadian mathematician and behavioural ecologist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d560e8dcb05755b26941aa8706f533d", "text": "Alternative versions of Lex Luthor The fictional character Lex Luthor has appeared in a number of media , always as the archenemy of Superman . Each version of the work typically establishes its own continuity , and sometimes introduces parallel universes , to the point where distinct differences in the portrayal of the character can be identified . In addition , the DC Universe has been rewritten a number of times , establishing additional versions of the character . This article details and lists various versions of Lex Luthor depicted in works including DC Comics Multiverse , Elseworlds , television and film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5033773b1b8cf20deb32e0ed539dfb", "text": "Java (comics) Java is a fictional DC Comics supervillain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac7d3840a89fcc919fc1c3078cb18e69", "text": "Transilvane Transilvane is a fictional small artificial planet with two horn-like protuberances in the . It was created by Jack Kirby in Superman 's Pal Jimmy Olsen # 142 and # 143 ( October -- November 1971 ) . Transilvane 's official name was E.T.A.S. ( Extraterrestrial Artificial Simulation ) . It was created at the behest of NASA to simulate and study extraterrestrial environments , with an eye towards long-term human colonization . When the project ran out of government funding , Dabney Donovan seeded the planet with miniature lifeforms and used orbiting Movie projectors to project horror films on the planet 's clouds . As a result , the Transilvanians assumed the shapes and habits of classic horror film monsters . Donovan was eventually planning to wipe Transilvane clean , using a robotic `` Demon Dog '' to spray it with a poison gas . To stop him , several Transilvanians , led by the vampire Count Dragorin and the werewolf Lupek , came to Earth in coffin-shaped , size-altering spacecraft . They failed to find Donovan , but Superman , assisted by Jimmy Olsen , destroyed the Demon Dog and saved Transilvane . The story ended with Superman having decided to reprogram the Transilvanians by replacing the horror movies with projections of Oklahoma ! .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e65c2fc10f590f0c1794f7840be05f53", "text": "The Death and Return of Superman (film) The Death and Return of Superman is a short film released in 2012 on YouTube , by Chronicle writer Max Landis . The film , as its title implies , is a monologue about `` The Death and Return of Superman '' storyline from DC Comics over parody-like sketches . The film was produced by Bryan Basham , creator of COPS : Skyrim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7226c9d63e93a14a73d34d18a643de16", "text": "(Wish I Could Fly Like) Superman '' ( Wish I Could Fly Like ) Superman '' is a song written by Ray Davies that was first released on the Kinks ' 1979 album , Low Budget . The song , inspired by Superman : The Movie , employs a disco beat and lyrics that describe the singer 's wish to be like the fictional character Superman ( Christopher Reeve ) . The song 's disco style was created as a response to Arista Records founder Clive Davis 's request for `` a club-friendly record , '' despite Ray Davies ' hatred of disco . The song was released as the lead single from Low Budget , becoming a moderate hit in North America . It has since appeared on numerous compilation and live albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "552bf53f9900d2891ed717cd2b03013f", "text": "Tom Welling Thomas John Patrick `` Tom '' Welling ( born April 26 , 1977 ) is an American actor , director , producer , and model best known for his role as Clark Kent in The WB/CW superhero drama Smallville ( 2001 -- 11 ) . A high school athlete , Welling initially worked in construction and , in 1998 , he successfully modeled men 's clothing for several popular brands . In 2000 , he made a successful transition to television . He has been nominated for and received several awards for his role as Clark Kent . In 2001 , he had a recurring role as Rob `` Karate Rob '' Meltzer in the second season of the CBS legal drama Judging Amy . He has also been involved behind the camera as an executive producer and a director . His films include Cheaper by the Dozen , Cheaper by the Dozen 2 , The Fog , The Choice and Draft Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7cec264ef8277816819a04052ff6f00", "text": "List of Superman supporting characters The List of supporting characters in `` Superman '' is the cast of characters secondary to the main character of Superman in the Superman comics , television programs , cartoons , and movies . Almost all versions reference the source material of the comic book version and therefore the various iterations in all forms of media share an overlapping set of characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b38916b0f92c28cc89a41a556de5ac5f", "text": "The Adventures of Superman (novel) The Adventures of Superman is a novel by George Lowther . It was first published in 1942 with illustrations by Joe Shuster , the co-creator of Superman . A facsimile edition was released in 1995 by Applewood Books , with a new introduction by Roger Stern . This book is the first novelization of a comic book character , and also the first Superman story credited to someone other than Jerry Siegel . It was Lowther who first provided many now-familiar details of Superman 's birth and early life . The first two chapters provided the first detailed description of the planet Krypton , and renamed Kal-El 's parents Jor-El and Lara who previously had been named Jor-L and Lora . The next three chapters dealt with Clark Kent 's childhood on the farm of his adoptive parents , Eben and Sarah Kent . ( In the comics , the Kents suffered through many name changes before settling on Jonathan and Martha in 1952 . ) In the sixth chapter , Clark arrived in Metropolis and got a job with the Daily Planet , while the remaining eleven chapters deal with a mystery involving ghost ships and Nazi spies . The book is illustrated with four full-page color illustrations , six full-page black-and-white illustrations , and numerous sketches , all examples of Joe Shuster 's work . Category :1942 American novels Category : Superman novels Category :1940 s fantasy novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a61d12e3782c99bdddf819334699e2b3", "text": "Superman Emergency Squad The Superman Emergency Squad ( sometimes called the Supermen Emergency Squad ) is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly associate with Superman . They first appeared in Superman 's Pal , Jimmy Olsen # 48 ( October 1960 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c41bc359d723c3ca55f99c77ddf6631", "text": "Mister Mxyzptlk Mister Mxyzptlk ( -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtlɪk -RSB- , -LSB- ˈmɪksɪlplɪk -RSB- or -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtəlɪk -RSB- ) , sometimes called Mxy , is a fictional impish character who appears in DC Comics ' Superman comic books , sometimes as a supervillain and other times as an antihero . Mr. Mxyzptlk was created to appear in Superman # 30 ( Sept. 1944 ) , in the story `` The Mysterious Mr. Mxyzptlk '' , by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Ira Yarborough . But due to publishing lag time , the character saw print first in the Superman daily comic strip by writer Whitney Ellsworth and artist Wayne Boring . He is usually presented as a trickster , in the classical mythological sense , in that he possesses reality warping powers with which he enjoys tormenting Superman in a cartoonish way . In most of his appearances in DC Comics , he can be stopped only by tricking him into saying or spelling his own name backwards ( Kltpzyxm - `` kel-tip-zix-um '' ) , which will return him to his home in the 5th dimension and keep him there for a minimum of ninety days . However , this specific limitation of the character has been eliminated since the Crisis on Infinite Earths reboot , upon which the character leaves only when he willingly agrees to do so after meeting some conditions he sets , such as having Superman succeed in getting Mxyzptlk to paint his own face blue . In 2009 , Mister Mxyzptlk was ranked as IGN 's 76th-Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08a269491c73090b4550396c1f6f08de", "text": "Smallville (season 4) Season four of Smallville , an American television series , began airing on September 22 , 2004 . The series recounts the early adventures of Kryptonian Clark Kent as he adjusts to life in the fictional town of Smallville , Kansas , during the years before he becomes Superman . The fourth season comprises 22 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 18 , 2005 . Regular cast members during season four include Tom Welling , Kristin Kreuk , Michael Rosenbaum , Jensen Ackles , Allison Mack , John Glover , Annette O'Toole and John Schneider . Season four chronicles Clark and his classmates ' senior year of high school and centers on his attempt to unite the three stones of knowledge , and trying to cope with Lana 's new relationship with Jason Teague . Clark 's friendship with Lex becomes increasingly strained , as he begins to distrust Lex more and more . At the end of season 3 , Sam Jones III left the series as Pete Ross , and Jensen Ackles was brought in as Jason Teague and given star billing . Erica Durance was cast as Lois Lane , and became a recurring character for 13 episodes . Writers also brought in other popular DC Comics characters , such as Bart Allen , Mister Mxyzptlk , and Sam and Lucy Lane . Smallville 's Season four slipped in the ratings , averaging at 4.4 million viewers a week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0363d7bafc65c170834b4fca89cb3584", "text": "Action Comics Action Comics is an American comic book series that introduced Superman , one of the first major superhero characters as the term is popularly defined . The publisher was originally known as National Allied Publications , and later as National Comics Publications and as National Periodical Publications , before taking on its current name of DC Comics . Its original incarnation ran from 1938 to 2011 and stands as one of the longest-running comic books with consecutively numbered issues . A second volume of Action Comics with issue # 1 ran from 2011 to 2016 . Action Comics returned to its original numbering beginning with issue # 957 ( Aug. 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa8d63bc4b47b930b39140038bda55e", "text": "Superman (1987 film) Superman is a 1987 Hindi movie . Produced and directed by B. Gupta . The film stars Urmila Bhatt , Dharmendra , Puneet Issar , Sonia Sahni and Ranjeeta Kaur . Puneet Issar in lead role as Superman .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bc505cc967d577242a53e8b7ee592869	The Ren & Stimpy Show premiered five years before 1991.	[ { "docid": "fee2f35fca096ad96a46e3b8e0e70f8d", "text": "The Ren & Stimpy Show The Ren & Stimpy Show , often simply called Ren & Stimpy , is an American children 's / adult animated television series created by John Kricfalusi for Nickelodeon . The series follows the adventures of title characters Ren , an emotionally unstable chihuahua , and Stimpy , a good-natured , dimwitted cat . It premiered on August 11 , 1991 as one of the original three Nicktoons , along with Rugrats and Doug . Throughout its run , the show was controversial for its off-color humor , sexual innuendo , dark humor , adult jokes , and violence , similar to Rocko 's Modern Life . This controversy contributed to the production staff 's altercations with Nickelodeon 's Standards and Practices department . The show ended on December 16 , 1995 , with a total of five seasons and 52 episodes . Ren & Stimpy received mixed to very positive reviews during its original run then later widespread critical acclaim after its run , and has developed a cult following . The series is often cited as paving the way for animated shows like Beavis and Butt-Head and South Park . A spin-off for adult audiences , Ren & Stimpy `` Adult Party Cartoon '' , aired in 2003 on Spike , but was cancelled soon after its debut .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b844bec44aeabc6995140ef255427985", "text": "Warner Bros. Studio Store The Warner Bros. . Studio Store was a chain of retail stores selling Looney Tunes and other merchandise based on Warner Bros. films , similar in style to The Disney Store . They first opened in 1991 . In 1996 , Warner Bros. owner Time Warner merged with Turner Broadcasting , which owned Hanna-Barbera and the pre-1986 MGM library , and merchandise based on Turner properties were added to the product lines . In 2001 , all Warner Bros. . Studio Stores went out of business . In 2006 , Warner Bros. . Consumer Products partnered with PMW Retail and reopened the stores in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0004b2483fa7fa9b9f34757eaa19b483", "text": "The Adventures of Mark & Brian The Adventures of Mark & Brian is a comedy television program that was broadcast by NBC as part of its 1991 fall lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439c38242be73ceb473ec9d3648366ac", "text": "The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series , a.k.a. . The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series or The Wally Gator Show , was a syndicated television package of animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , starting in 1962 . The series included three unrelated short cartoon segments featuring funny animal characters : Wally Gator Touché Turtle and Dum Dum Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har The package consisted of Fifty-two episodes , each with three individual segments and no bridge animation . Each individual cartoon segment , had its own opening theme and closing title . The title The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon series was an off-screen promotional title to distinguish this package from other Hanna-Barbera cartoons ( such as Ruff and Reddy , Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear all of which had bridge animation between the cartoons . ) available at the time . For example , WGN-Channel 9 in Chicago ran the three segments in a half-hour timeslot under the name Wally Gator . In New York , WPIX-TV originally used the segments for a local series , Cartoon Zoo , featuring Milt Moss as host and `` Zookeeper '' , with life-sized cutouts of the characters in `` cages '' as a backdrop . The package was originally syndicated by Screen Gems , the TV division of Columbia Pictures . The Hanna-Barbera studio was later purchased by Taft Broadcasting Company , which distributed the studio 's product first through Taft-HB Program Sales , and later through Worldvision Enterprises . Over time , the studio regained control of many of its earlier productions and distributed them through Worldvision . The elements of The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series were split up , with Wally Gator airing as a segment on Magilla Gorilla and Friends on USA Network 's Cartoon Express from 1987 through 1991 . Meanwhile , Touche Turtle and Lippy the Lion were part of another package of cartoons aired on The Family Channel . Following the purchase of the Hanna-Barbera library by Turner Entertainment , these shorts eventually appeared on Cartoon Network and later Boomerang . The cartoons were put on DVD with Saturday Morning Cartoons : Vol . 2 . Strangely , the Lippy the Lion cartoon was of noticeably better quality than the other two on the DVD . Very likely due to the cartoon coming from a better quality film print then the others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd8301ae412a918c4bc93dd1b35274e", "text": "Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124ccd3f9e916317240ab7a8f218c9b1", "text": "The Magic Window The Magic Window ( also known as The House with the Magic Window ) was an American children 's television program broadcast on ABC affiliate WOI-TV in Ames , Iowa from 1951 to 1994 . With a run of 43 years , it was the longest running children 's television program in American history . ( Bozo 's Circus technically had a longer run ; however , it was made in many different local markets by different producers . ) Producer Dick Hartzell and WOI TV artist Joy ( Ringham ) Munn developed the show as an educational children 's program , which featured handicraft activities , news items , and birthday recognition for the children viewing the show . Joy co-hosted the show with Craighton Knau for the first season ( 1951-1952 ) , which was 30 minutes long and aired 3 times per week . During the second season , she became the sole host of the program . For that season the show was 15 minutes long and aired 5 days per week . Joy left the show in 1953 . For all but the first three years of the show , it was hosted by Betty Lou Varnum , another pioneer in central-Iowa broadcasting . Betty Lou Varnum , who is best known for The Magic Window , but was versatile enough to host such other shows as a teen dance party , election coverage , and a call in ` issues ' show , hosted the show , along with a cast of puppets such as Gregory Lion , Dusty the Unicorn , and Catrina Crocodile . The heart of the show was Betty Lou teaching kids a new craft each episode ( using kid-safe items such as construction paper , safety scissors , and cellophane tape ) . The puppets would help out by opening the curtain to the screen on which various featurettes were shown . These included episodes from Tales of the Riverbank , Felix the Cat , and a series called `` Let 's Be Friends '' which introduced viewers to a child from another city or country , sharing their culture and lifestyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8a75d85a4f1a8662762915dc433393a", "text": "Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress Walt Disney 's Carousel of Progress is an attraction located at the Magic Kingdom park at the Walt Disney World Resort . Created by both Walt Disney and WED Enterprises as the prime feature of the General Electric ( GE ) Pavilion for the 1964 New York World 's Fair , the attraction was moved to Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim , California as Carousel of Progress , remaining there from 1967 until 1973 . It was replaced in Disneyland by America Sings in 1974 , and reopened in its present home in Walt Disney World Resort 's Magic Kingdom in 1975 . Steeped in both nostalgia and ( In the past ) futurism , the attraction 's premise is an exploration of the joys of living through the advent of electricity and other technological advances during the 20th century via a `` typical '' American family . To keep it up with the times , the attraction has been updated five times ( in 1967 , 1975 , 1981 , 1985 , and 1993 ) and has had two different theme songs , both written by the Sherman Brothers ( Disney 's Academy Award-winning songwriting team ) . Various sources say Walt Disney himself proclaimed that the Carousel of Progress was his favorite attraction and that it should never cease operation . This can be somewhat supported by family and friends , who knew of his constant work on the attraction . Of all the attractions he presented at the 1964 -- 1965 New York World 's Fair , Disney seemed especially devoted to the Carousel of Progress . The Carousel of Progress holds the record as the longest-running stage show , with the most performances , in the history of American theater . It is one of the oldest attractions in the whole Walt Disney World Resort . It is also one of the only attractions at Walt Disney World to have been touched by Walt Disney himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b32df42479e1bc201563b1eed96eda", "text": "That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time . The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5b4bbc1956cc6ad28023a6f9639874", "text": "Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 . Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide . At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6201194da41582b960369d5ebf9fea7b", "text": "Rosebud (The Simpsons) `` Rosebud '' is the fourth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 21 , 1993 . The episode begins by showing how on the eve of his birthday , Mr. Burns starts to miss his childhood teddy bear Bobo . The bear ends up in the hands of Maggie Simpson and Burns does everything in his power to get Bobo returned to him . `` Rosebud '' was written by John Swartzwelder and was the first episode to be executive produced by David Mirkin , who was the show runner for the fifth and sixth seasons of the show . Directed by Wes Archer , supervising director David Silverman describes the episode as `` one of the more challenging ones '' to direct . The Ramones ( Joey Ramone , Johnny Ramone , C. J. Ramone and Marky Ramone ) guest star in the episode as themselves . The episode is largely a parody of the 1941 film Citizen Kane and the title references Charles Foster Kane 's dying word `` Rosebud '' . The episode also contains references to The Wizard of Oz , Planet of the Apes , George Burns , Charles Lindbergh , The Rolling Stones and Adolf Hitler . Critical reaction to `` Rosebud '' was largely positive and in 2003 Entertainment Weekly placed the episode in second place on their list of the 25 best episodes of The Simpsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b2a5188d6098e6f9404d8f0f3d4aee", "text": "It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc7246c25cb91cb372760efae1e07327", "text": "Freaky Stories Freaky Stories is a Canadian television series , which was originally broadcast by YTV in English and Canal Famille ( now VRAK.TV ) in French ( 5-minute versions using the French title Frissons ) . It is an animated show about urban legends hosted by two animatronic puppets , Larry de Bug , a cockroach , ( voiced by James Rankin ) and his gooey sidekick , Maurice the maggot ( voiced by Dan Redican ) in Ted 's Diner - a 1940s era diner setting staffed by Rosie the waitress ( voiced by Jayne Eastwood , but never seen - Season One only ) . It was often part of The Three Friends and Jerry when it aired on Fox Family . This series , described as `` a Twilight Zone for kids , '' centers on the kind of myths and legends that are told as scary campfire or bedtime stories . Every episode always starts with and finishes with the phrase : `` This is a true story , and it happened to a friend of a friend of mine . '' and by the words of Larry , `` Just because they never happened , does n't mean they ai n't true . '' Animation styles and musical scoring varied within each half-hour episode , incorporating 20 different looks in the first season alone . The short stories and changing styles were specifically designed to keep viewers ' attention span . Series creator Steve Schnier successfully pitched his concept of modern urban legends to YTV in 1991 . In 1994 , Steve teamed with executive producer John Delmage . The resulting Freaky Stories pilot premiered during YTV 's `` Dark Night 3 '' Halloween block on October 28 , 1995 , and the series itself premiered as a one-hour special as part of `` Dark Night 5 '' on October 24 , 1997 . While most episodes were finished on digibeta , the pilot was shot on film using traditional animation techniques but completed on video . The subsequent series was digitally inked , painted and composited . Some famous episodes of Freaky Stories tell the story of : a family goes to Mexico and brings home a pet thinking it is a chihuahua , but is really a sewer rat . a man with a telescope calls the police to look at something horrible he found through his telescope across the street . a pizza delivery man enters a house to eat pizza with a lady and finds out she is going to kill him . a teenage girl who is obsessed with horror films babysits three boys and is later visited by a lady who says she is the mother 's sister , but soon finds out from the mother that her sister was killed in an auto accident one year earlier . a boy from Mexico sees into the future , only to discover that the world is going to end in 2016 . The only person who can save the world is a man from South Africa who will die in 2015 . ( part of the pilot , titled `` Who will save Leron ? '' ) a woman buys a new mysterious diet pill in preparation for a beauty contest , on the condition that she must not drink water for the duration of the diet . The diet pill was actually filled with several tiny sponges , and when she breaks and drinks gallons of water , they cause her to bloat uncontrollably . a woman has a beehive hairdo for so long that she gets a headache ; they surgically cut open the beehive and she has tons of spiders living in her hair . ( part of the pilot , titled `` Spider in the Hairdo '' ) . a man goes on a camping trip has a bug crawl into his ear , which starts bothering him , so he goes to see a witch doctor who pulls it out of the other ear , but in the process announces that the bug was a female and it laid eggs in his brain . a group of people on an airplane get stuck when the cockpit somehow would n't open , leaving it up to a boy ( using his braces ) to save them . a phone keeps ringing at a home mysteriously , leaving a family puzzled , until they realize the line is broken and keeps phoning the house . a boy eats a bunch of peanuts , which were chocolate covered peanuts that an old woman previously sucked on . The Hook , done as a musical . a nosy hotel maid uses a mysterious spray to set her hair , only to find that she was using industrial shellac ; thus , her hair cracked and she became bald . a boy photographs a mysterious waiter at a downtown restaurant and finds out that the waiter really is a vampire because he does not appear in the photo . the greedy owner of an airline tries to save money by not emptying the waste tanks on his planes ; a plane flies over his house party and covers his party with waste . a young man at a supermarket is duped by an elderly woman into paying for her groceries . a young vacationing couple tries to take a photo with a kangaroo which they believe to be dead ; the kangaroo comes back to life and steals their camera . a mischievous boy makes faces while riding in a car ; a trick wind comes along and his face is stuck in that pose . a teenage boy finds that his girlfriend always sucks on a lock of her hair ; one day , she coughs up a hairball . a nerdy boy creates a concoction to help him grow facial hair ; he accidentally uses too much and becomes a werewolf . a young girl learns kung-fu so she can confront bullies at school ; after beating a girl up for supposedly stealing her lunch , she comes home to find that she left her lunch on the kitchen counter that morning . a farmer treats a heroic pig who saved the entire farm from a fire by giving him many luxuries ; however , the pig uses a wheelchair because the farmer could not resist cutting its legs off to eat . two cheating college students ask to make up an exam on the excuse of a flat tire ; after being confined to different rooms , the majority of their exam asks them to identify which tire was flat . an elderly millionaire spends all his money commissioning research for a potion that will make him live forever ; he gets the potion , but it does n't stop him from aging and eventually his bones collapse . a rejected football player spreads bird seed on the football field every day for a summer ; at the first game of the new school year , the stadium is bombarded with pigeons . a boy who sneaks into the female dorms in college must hide under the bed when girls enter ; he mistakenly drinks a glass containing a girl 's contact lenses . a prisoner collects utensils to dig himself out of his cell ; he emerges into the courtroom where his trial is being held . a woman enters a funeral home to use the washroom and signs the guestbook ; she later finds that the deceased , a very rich connoisseur , has left a fortune of money and valuable art to the only person who signed his guestbook . a deceased man 's business partner visits the deceased man 's grave every year , dressed as his widowed lover , leaving a rose on his gravestone to churn up business for his local shop . a girl left home alone hears noises in the night but does n't go downstairs to investigate because she feels her dog lick her feet under the bed ; when she wakes up in the morning , the intruder has left a note saying `` humans can lick too '' . a creepy unpopular girl invites a few girls from school to her party ; they think the creepy girl is knocking ominously at the door as a prank , but they later find out that the creepy girl could not have been the one knocking outside . a nerdy girl brings snacks for a boy in the school cafeteria every day for a week ; on the last day , she reveals that she made the snack using a contraption she built to make food out of dead cockroaches . a boy falls asleep watching horror movies ; he dreams that he is attacked by mummies wielding toilet paper outside his house ; he wakes up but finds his house covered with toilet paper . man picks up a hitchhiking girl on the road ; she disappears during the drive but leaves her jacket . The man goes to her house to return the jacket , but is greeted by a woman saying the girl died several years ago , wearing that same jacket . identical twins get engaged to the same girl by pretending to be one person ; on the wedding day , both twins forget to show up by accident , so a long lost identical triplet marries the girl a woman tricks her boyfriend into thinking he has won the lottery ; he reveals several incriminating secrets and walks out on her , only to find out that the lottery drawing was yesterday 's . a man stores his fancy futuristic car under high-tech security ; only day , he finds that the car has been turned around 180 degrees in the garage , and the thieves have left a note saying `` if we want it , we 'll take it '' . a family 's car is stolen , but returned later with a note explaining that someone needed the car for an emergency and has left opera tickets for the family as a thanks . The family goes to the opera that night and comes home to find their house completely looted . a man and his friend stumble upon a landed UFO , go inside to find an alien party with severed heads on the walls . a woman comes home to find her dog choking on a finger that turns out to be the finger of a burglar , her lover , hiding in the closet . a man who steals car from parking garage finds top-secret fuel injection device in the trunk , travels across the country to deliver the device to a gas company for a large sum of money but is thwarted by the man who was originally hired to transport the device . a real estate agent stays in an old house for a night to prove it is not haunted ; during the night , creepy disturbances happen like the necks of people in the paintings bleed , but it turns out to be the homeowners ' son playing tricks because he does n't want to move . an escaped convict hides in a wax museum by posing as a wax figure , but he is discovered when the guard notices the figure has the convict 's trademark six fingers on one hand . a young boy flushes his pet baby alligator down the toilet because his parents wo n't let him keep it ; when he grows up and is working in the sewers , he sees the now-adult alligator . a vacationing man in an RV is abandoned at a gas station when the RV drives away on cruise control . a little leaguer finds out that he 's a robot and that he 's about to be replaced by a newer model . a sitter is repeatedly phoned by a stranger to `` check on the children '' and the phone operator is asked to trace the next call , the sitter is then informed that the caller is in the house ( an adaptation of The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs story ) . The sitter evacuates the house with the two boys and disappears with them into a downtown city . a sheriff chasing bank robbers pushes their car off rail tracks but gets his car stuck and gets hit by a train . When his grandson and his friends get in the same situation , they narrowly escape getting hit , and find a sheriff 's badge on the ground and hand prints on the truck 's bumper . a businessman , tired from a long drive , pulls into a motel to rest . He sleeps on a bed with an automatic massage setting , calling it the best sleep he 's ever had . He attempts to find out what the mechanism is from the hotel manager , who refuses to divulge the secret of the bed . The businessman sees a small hole in the mattress and hopes to get a peek at the bed 's mechanism ; he 's horrified to discover the mattress is filled with thousands of bugs . an English professor pairs two of his students together for an assignment in order to get them together . He instructs them to write a story , with each partner taking a certain amount of time to write their part . The Original Spanish Kitchen urban legend , as a musical , like the Hookman episode . while preparing for a blind date , a girl consumes a bowl of leftover chilli and begins to feel queasy afterwards . As soon as she enters her date 's car , she opens a window and passes gas , unaware that there were passengers in the back seat . a nervous boy meets a girl who helps him gain more confidence with talking to other girls ; he later tries to thank her , only to discover that she had died twenty years ago , but still returns on the anniversary of her death to help one person in need . a nerdy boy is set up on a date by two bullies , one of whom related to an unattractive girl ; the couple later fall in love once they see each other 's faces . a prison inmate starves himself to protest against the food served at the prison . After escaping during a lightning storm , the inmate makes his way towards a bio-tech building and accidentally consumes all of the refrigerator 's contents . a woman and her party guests believe they have been poisoned when they learn that the fish they ate was bitten by the woman 's cat , who later died ; she later learns that her elderly neighbor had run her cat over with her car . a man tries to convince his daughter to eat his favorite brand of hog dog wieners by taking her to a themed amusement park , where they learn that the company had been making the wieners out of garbage . a woman 's life changes when she adopts an abandoned kitten she finds on the street ; but when the kitten gets stuck in a tree , it is accidentally catapulted to another woman 's lawn , who also decides to take it in . a carpenter hired by an elderly woman accidentally traps her pet bird beneath the newly carpeted floor , and had also pounded the bird flat , mistaking it for an air pocket . while babysitting for a family , a girl is horrified when she sees the family 's dog chewing on the body of their rabbit ; after grooming it , she places it back in its cage , only to learn that the rabbit had actually died one week before and had been buried in the backyard . a futuristic family leaves their dog in the hands of the kitchen staff at an alien restaurant ; when the son finds a collar in his soup , the family believes they had consumed their dog , unaware that their pet was still alive in the kitchen . a journalist sneaks into a room on Area 51 and begins to take various pictures , believing he had found a hidden UFO ; after the photos were revealed to be duds , he loses his job and later finds the real UFO and alien at a local museum . two rivals attempt to out-dress each other when a fashion TV program arrives at their school ; when both girls are seen in the same outfit , they each tug a loose thread on each other 's dresses , causing their dresses to unravel right in front of their peers . a man obsesses over a building 's missing thirteenth floor when he realizes that the building actually has one that the elevator skips over ; he discovers that it is actually a trap for obsessive people like him . a man who regularly steals gasoline from car fuel tanks by siphoning them with a hose , sucking on the hose to start the fuel moving , runs out of gasoline and must siphon fuel from an RV , accidentally swallowing the contents of the tank ; after actually asking the RV 's owner for help , he is allowed to siphon some fuel but is told that what he thought was the fuel tank was actually the septic tank . a man in a futuristic sci-fi setting is drugged and wakes up to discover that his head has been hooked up to a life support system and his entire body below the neck has been stolen ( a variation on rumors surrounding stolen organs such as kidneys ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3952392bc5544fae35ffe8cf10ebebd", "text": "Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 . The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied . Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries . By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6371e18335cdeffb86ecacb0f014cfe", "text": "Jim Smith (animator) Jim Smith ( born James Carl Jobb October 8 , 1954 , Lubbock , Texas ) is an American animator and musician . He worked on Mighty Mouse : The New Adventures with his long-time working partner John Kricfalusi . Smith later briefly worked on Tiny Toon Adventures , and then along with Kricfalusi , Bob Camp and Lynne Naylor he founded Spümcø , where he co-created The Ren & Stimpy Show and The Ripping Friends . He is also the one playing the guitar for the Ren & Stimpy theme in the intro . His performance name is Jelly-Roel , Jelly Roll .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db52a86fc24dc98295463344031ee6b", "text": "The Yogi Bear Show The Yogi Bear Show is an animated television series about the misadventures of picnic basket stealing bear Yogi in Jellystone Park . The show debuted in syndication on January 30 , 1961 , and ran for 33 episodes until January 6 , 1962 , and included two segments , Snagglepuss and Yakky Doodle . The show had a two-year production run .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c9baa61bd3765d016ad2aa1c32141a", "text": "The Lawrence Welk Show The Lawrence Welk Show is an American televised musical variety show hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk . The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years , from 1951 to 1955 , then nationally for another 27 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971 , and in first-run syndication from 1971 to 1982 . Repeat episodes are broadcast in the United States by Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) stations . These airings incorporate an original program -- usually , a color broadcast from 1965 through 1982 -- in its entirety . In place of the commercials , newer performance and interview clips from the original stars and/or a family member of the performers are included ; these clips are occasionally updated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2a32a2f37f40787ee067c20f9cc70eb", "text": "BBC World Service Television BBC World Service Television , often abbreviated to WSTV ( World Service Television ) , was the name of two BBC international satellite television channels between 1991 and 1995 . It was the BBC 's first foray into worldwide television broadcasting . In Europe , it was the successor to BBC TV Europe , replacing it on 11 March 1991 . The service was also launched in Asia as a 24-hour news and information service with minor differences , a precursor to BBC World News , launched on 14 October 1991 . Unlike BBC World Service at the time , it was not funded by the British government with a grant-in-aid . Instead , it was funded by commercial advertising , with commercials were inserted locally by the cable or satellite providers . In the years that followed , the BBC would insert news headlines and other updates to fill the gaps , known as the break fillers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5c08be14a8e972064d3b4348d19ce351	Prometheus had extensive phases.	[ { "docid": "b79a1479b6fb6246f223d69cd794ab6f", "text": "Prometheus (2012 film) Prometheus ( -LSB- prəˈmiːθiəs -RSB- ) is a 2012 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott , written by Jon Spaihts and Damon Lindelof and starring Noomi Rapace , Michael Fassbender , Guy Pearce , Idris Elba , Logan Marshall-Green and Charlize Theron . It is set in the late 21st century and centers on the crew of the spaceship Prometheus as it follows a star map discovered among the artifacts of several ancient Earth cultures . Seeking the origins of humanity , the crew arrives on a distant world and discovers a threat that could cause the extinction of the human species . Development of the film began in the early 2000s as a fifth installment in the Alien franchise . Scott and director James Cameron developed ideas for a film that would serve as a prequel to Scott 's 1979 science-fiction horror film Alien . By 2003 , the development of Alien vs. Predator took precedence , and the project remained dormant until 2009 when Scott again showed interest . Spaihts wrote a script for a prequel to the events of the Alien films , but Scott opted for a different direction to avoid repeating cues from those films . In late 2010 , Lindelof joined the project to rewrite Spaihts 's script , and he and Scott developed a story that precedes the story of Alien but is not directly connected to that franchise . According to Scott , although the film shares `` strands of Aliens DNA , so to speak '' , and takes place in the same universe , Prometheus explores its own mythology and ideas . Prometheus entered production in April 2010 , with extensive design phases during which the technology and creatures that the film required were developed . Principal photography began in March 2011 , with an estimated US$ 120 -- 130 million budget . The project was shot using 3D cameras throughout , almost entirely on practical sets , and on location in England , Iceland , Spain , and Scotland . It was promoted with a marketing campaign that included viral activities on the web . Three videos featuring the film 's leading actors in character , which expanded on elements of the fictional universe , were released and met with a generally positive reception and awards . Prometheus was released on June 1 , 2012 , in the United Kingdom and on June 8 , 2012 , in North America . The film received praise for the aesthetic design and the acting , especially Fassbender 's performance as the android David , while plot elements that remained unresolved or predictable were the main source of criticism . The film grossed over $ 403 million worldwide . A sequel , Alien : Covenant , was released in the U.S. on May 19 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e4d885812dc615b1a7b038200e7793d7", "text": "French flag model The French flag model is a conceptual definition of a morphogen , described by Lewis Wolpert in the 1960s . A morphogen is defined as a signaling molecule that acts directly on cells ( not through serial induction ) to produce specific cellular responses dependent on morphogen concentration . During early development , morphogen gradients generate different cell types in distinct spatial order . In the French flag model , the French flag is used to represent the effect of a morphogen on cell differentiation : a morphogen affects cell states based on concentration , these states are represented by the different colors of the French flag : high concentrations activate a `` blue '' gene , lower concentrations activate a `` white '' gene , with `` red '' serving as the default state in cells below the necessary concentration threshold . The French Flag model was championed by the leading Drosophila biologist , Peter Lawrence . Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard identified the first morphogen , Bicoid , one of the transcription factors present in a gradient in the Drosophila syncytial embryo . Two labs , that of Gary Struhl and that of Stephen Cohen , then demonstrated that a secreted signaling protein , Decapentaplegic ( the Drosophila homologue of Transforming Growth Factor Beta ) , acted as a morphogen during later stages of Drosophila development . substance governing the pattern of tissue development and , in particular , the positions of the various specialized cell types within a tissue . It spreads from a localized source and forms a concentration gradient across a developing tissue . Well-known morphogens include : decapentaplegic/transforming growth factor beta , Hedgehog/Sonic Hedgehog , Wingless/Wnt , epidermal growth factor , and fibroblast growth factor . Some of the earliest and best-studied morphogens are transcription factors that diffuse within early Drosophila melanogaster ( fruit fly ) embryos . However , most morphogens are secreted proteins that signal between cells . Morphogens are defined conceptually , not chemically , so simple chemicals such as retinoic acid may also act as morphogens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcbae6607406c9e7a745f9f4d5fa2339", "text": "History of infantry Although the term infantry dates from the 15th century , the foot troops of the previous eras in history who fought with a variety of weapons before the introduction of the firearms are also referred to as infantry . During the Ancient and Middle Ages Infantry were categorized by the types of weapons and armour they used , such as heavy , medium , and light infantry . Since the introduction of firearms , classifications have changed initially to reflect their formations on the battlefield as line infantry , and later to reflect modes of transport and type of tactics used by specific units as Mechanized infantry or airborne infantry . The word infantry was borrowed into other Romance languages from the Latin infantem , originally `` a youth '' who as an infante , a `` foot soldier '' who served in groups composed of those soldiers who were too-inexperienced or too low in rank for membership to the cavalry . As a meaning for an organised type of combat troops , the word dates to 1579 in the French infantrie and Spanish infanteria . However , in military history it has become a common English term to apply to troops from earlier historical periods . With the notable exception of the Mongol Empire , infantry has represented the largest component in most armies of the past , and the present . While the specific weapons have varied , the common factor is that these soldiers have relied on their feet for tactical movements , but since the introduction of the rail and motor transport have been operationally transported behind the front-lines , and have made use of strategic airlift with the introduction of aircraft into warfare . During Ancient history , infantry was essentially an armed mob , fighting in loosely organized opposing lines , under the vocal direction of individual commanders in the immediate vicinity of the troops ' hearing range . However , the benefits of uniform , equipment , weaponry and , above all , training led to the development of formations able to carry out pre-arranged tactical maneuvers in the heat of battle . Since that time , infantry organization has focused on finding a balance between heavily armed formations that emphasise firepower and ability to withstand direct assaults , and more lightly armed but also more mobile units able to manoeuvre around the battlefield faster , to exploit tactical opportunities . Mobility , armament , and protection have been the three competing primary factors that complement and compete in the balanced approach to development of infantry doctrine throughout history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09c45ca2162499f3c0cc4c871cdd1315", "text": "Prometheus Bound Prometheus Bound ( Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης , Promētheus Desmōtēs ) is an Ancient Greek tragedy . In antiquity , it was attributed to Aeschylus , but now is considered by some scholars to be the work of another hand , and perhaps one as late as c. 430 BC . Despite these doubts of authorship , the play 's designation as Aeschylean has remained conventional . The tragedy is based on the myth of Prometheus , a Titan who defies the gods and gives fire to mankind , acts for which he is subjected to perpetual punishment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2dec2109444d81526bcbf5d4883c013", "text": "Philon Philon , Athenian architect of the 4th century BC , is known as the planner of two important works : the portico of twelve Doric columns to the great Hall of the Mysteries at Eleusis ( work commissioned by Demetrius Phalereus about 318 BC ) and , under the administration of Lycurgus , an arsenal at Athens . Of the last we have exact knowledge from an inscription . E. A. Gardner observes that it `` is perhaps known to us more in detail than any other lost monument of antiquity . '' It was to hold the rigging of the galleys ; and was so contrived that all its contents were visible from a central hall , and so liable to the inspection of the Athenian democracy . He is known to have written books on the Athenian arsenal and on the proportions of temple buildings , but these are now lost . Vitruvius ( vii , introduction ) quotes Philon on the proportions of temples , and on the naval arsenal which was at the port of Piraeus . Philon 's arsenal was destroyed by the forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the Roman conquest of Athens in 86 BC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a01cef33e143ab6f6bd799d6124a3244", "text": "Moirai In Greek mythology , the Moirai or Moerae -LSB- ˈmɪrˌiː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈmiːˌriː -RSB- ( Μοῖραι , `` apportioners '' ) , often known in English as the Fates ( Fatae ) , were the white-robed incarnations of destiny ; their Roman equivalent was the Parcae ( euphemistically the `` sparing ones '' ) . Their number became fixed at three : Clotho ( spinner ) , Lachesis ( allotter ) and Atropos ( unturnable ) . They controlled the mother thread of life of every mortal from birth to death . They were independent , at the helm of necessity , directed fate , and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction . The gods and men had to submit to them , although Zeus 's relationship with them is a matter of debate : some sources say he is the only one who can command them ( the Zeus Moiragetes ) , yet others suggest he was also bound to the Moirai 's dictates . In the Homeric poems Moira or Aisa , is related with the limit and end of life , and Zeus appears as the guider of destiny . In the Theogony of Hesiod , the three Moirai are personified , daughters of Nyx and are acting over the gods . Later they are daughters of Zeus and Themis , who was the embodiment of divine order and law . In Plato 's Republic the Three Fates are daughters of Ananke ( necessity ) . It seems that Moira is related with Tekmor ( proof , ordinance ) and with Ananke ( destiny , necessity ) , who were primeval goddesses in mythical cosmogonies . The ancient Greek writers might call this power Moira or Ananke , and even the gods could not alter what was ordained . The concept of a universal principle of natural order has been compared to similar concepts in other cultures like the Vedic Rta , the Avestan Asha ( Arta ) and the Egyptian Maat . In earliest Greek philosophy , the cosmogony of Anaximander is based on these mythical beliefs . The goddess Dike ( justice , divine retribution ) , keeps the order and sets a limit to any actions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4564dbbea6e6720d4967f2eef956ec2d", "text": "Promethians The Promethians are a fictional race of aliens featured in the Rifts role-playing game from Palladium Books . They reside in an intergalactic region of space known as the Three Galaxies , which is located in an extradimensional universe . Promethians first appeared in Rifts Dimension Book Two : Phase World , authored by C. J. Carella and published December 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c4e9b43273761a8e49c9c85866a066a", "text": "Strategikon of Maurice The Strategikon or Strategicon is a manual of war traditionally regarded as written in the late 6th century and usually attributed to the Byzantine Emperor Maurice . It is moreover a practical manual , `` a rather modest elementary handbook '' in the words of its introduction , `` for those devoting themselves to generalship '' . This book gives a general guide , handbook , of the Byzantine military 's strategies . `` The Strategikon is written in a very straightforward and generally uncomplicated Greek . The translation has tried to render this in the same kind of English '' . The Strategikon may have been written in an effort to codify the military reforms brought about by the soldier-emperor Maurice . There is debate in academic circles as to the true author of the Strategikon . Maurice may have only commissioned it ; perhaps his brother Peter , or another general of his court , was the true author . The dating is also debated . If it was written in the 6th century , the Strategikon may have been produced to codify the experience of the Balkan and Persian campaigns , or the campaigns may have been carried out in compliance with the manual . However , starting in the late 19th century , some historians have argued for a later date in the eighth or ninth century , on philological or technological grounds . In any case , it is considered one of the most important military texts of the medieval years , along with the 10th century military treatises attributed to the Byzantine emperors Leo VI ( Tactica ) and Nicephorus Phocas ( De velitatione and Praecepta Militaria ) ; Leo 's Tactica in particular drew heavily from the Strategikon . The text consists of 12 chapters , or `` books '' , on various aspects of the tactics employed by the Byzantine military of the 6th and 7th century A.D. . It is primarily focused on cavalry tactics and formations , yet it also elaborates on matters of infantry , sieges , baggage trains , drilling and marching . Each book has a general topic to be discussed , and each book goes into great detail even separating each book further into subsections and including maps . These maps are not large an extravagant but more symbols to show positions and a standard design of the formations the Byzantine military used at this time . Books seven and eight contain practical advice to the General in the form of instructions and maxims . The eleventh book has ethnographic interest , with its portrayal of various Byzantine enemies ( Franks , Lombards , Avars , Turks , and Slavs ) . The Strategikon also belongs to Byzantine legal literature , since it contains a list of military infractions and their suitable penalties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ed402caded13735e63858a506a3883e", "text": "List of ancient Greek tribes The ancient Greek tribes were groups of Greek-speaking populations living in Greece , Cyprus , and the various Greek colonies . They were primarily divided by geographic , dialectal , political , and cultural criteria , as well as distinct traditions in mythology and religion . Some groups were of mixed origin , forming a syncretic culture through absorption and assimilation of previous and neighboring populations into the Greek language and customs . With the dominion of land passing on from one tribe to the other , cultural exchange through art and trade , and frequent alliances toward common goals , the ethnic character of the different tribes had become primarily political by the dawn of the Hellenistic period . The Roman conquest of Greece , the subsequent division of the Roman Empire into Greek East and Latin West , as well as the advent of Christianity , molded the common ethnic and political Greek identity once and for all to the subjects of the Greek world by the 3rd century AD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc21b14896f13726a8e5abd3583ca6b8", "text": "Leda (mythology) In Greek mythology , Leda ( -LSB- ˈliːdə , _ ˈleɪ - -RSB- Λήδα -LSB- lɛ͜ɛ́da͜a -RSB- ) was daughter of the Aetolian king Thestius , and wife of king Tyndareus of Sparta . Her myth gave rise to the popular motif in Renaissance and later art of Leda and the Swan . She was the mother of Helen of Troy , Clytemnestra , and Castor and Pollux ( Κάστωρ καὶ Πολυδεύκης , also spelled Kastor and Polydeuces ) . Leda was admired by Zeus , who seduced her in the guise of a swan . As a swan , Zeus fell into her arms for protection from a pursuing eagle . Their consummation , on the same night as Leda lay with her husband Tyndareus , resulted in two eggs from which hatched Helen ( later known as the beautiful `` Helen of Troy '' ) , Clytemnestra , and Castor and Pollux ( also known as the Dioscuri . Which children are the progeny of Tyndareus the mortal king , and which are of Zeus and thus half-immortal , is not consistent among accounts , nor is which child hatched from which egg . The split is almost always half mortal , half divine , although the pairings do not always reflect the children 's heritage pairings . Castor and Pollux are sometimes both mortal , sometimes both divine . One consistent point is that if only one of them is immortal , it is Pollux . It is also always stated that Helen is the daughter of Zeus . Leda also had other daughters by Tyndareus : Timandra , Phoebe , and Philonoe . In Homer 's Iliad '' , Helen looks down from the walls of Troy and wonders why she does not see her brothers among the Achaeans . The narrator remarks that they are both already dead and buried back in their homeland of Lacedaemon , thus suggesting that at least in the Homeric tradition , both were mortal . Another account of the myth states that Nemesis was the mother of Helen , and was also impregnated by Zeus in the guise of a swan . A shepherd found the egg and gave it to Leda , who carefully kept it in a chest until the egg hatched . When the egg hatched , Leda adopted Helen as her daughter . Zeus also commemorated the birth of Helen by creating the constellation Cygnus , the Swan , in the sky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30aff087d36d285914460ec772e12581", "text": "Pandora (moon) Pandora ( -LSB- pænˈdɔərə -RSB- ; Πανδώρα ) is an inner satellite of Saturn . It was discovered in 1980 from photos taken by the Voyager 1 probe , and was provisionally designated . In late 1985 it was officially named after Pandora from Greek mythology . It is also designated as . Pandora was thought to be an outer shepherd satellite of the F Ring . However , recent studies indicate that it does not play such a role , and that only Prometheus , the inner shepherd , contributes to the confinement of the narrow ring . It is more heavily cratered than nearby Prometheus , and has at least two large craters 30 km in diameter . The majority of craters on Pandora are shallow as a result of being filled with debris . Ridges and grooves are also present on moon 's surface . The orbit of Pandora appears to be chaotic , as a consequence of a series of four 118:121 mean-motion resonances with Prometheus . The most appreciable changes in their orbits occur approximately every 6.2 years , when the periapsis of Pandora lines up with the apoapsis of Prometheus and the moons approach to within about 1400 km . Pandora also has a 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Mimas . From its very low density and relatively high albedo , it seems likely that Pandora is a very porous icy body . There is a lot of uncertainty in these values , however , so this remains to be confirmed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8f84f278242492d4373c23ac6e3946e", "text": "Prometheus (volcano) Prometheus is an active volcano on Jupiter 's moon Io . It is located on Io 's hemisphere facing away from Jupiter at . Prometheus consists of a 28 km-wide volcanic pit named Prometheus Patera and a 100 km-long compound lava flow , all surrounded by reddish sulfur and circular , bright sulfur dioxide volcanic plume deposits . The volcano was first observed in images acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in March 1979 . Later that year , the International Astronomical Union named this feature after a Greek fire god , Prometheus . Prometheus is the site of a volcanic eruption that has been ongoing since at least the Voyager 1 encounter in 1979 . Between the Voyager encounters and the first observations by Galileo , a 6700 km2 flow field was emplaced . Later Galileo observations of this flow field revealed numerous small breakouts , particularly on the western end of the flow field . Prometheus is the site of two volcanic eruption plumes : a small , sulfur-rich plume erupting from the magma-source vent at the eastern end of the flow field and a 75 to-tall , - rich dust plume erupting from the active flow front at the other end . The former forms a diffuse , red deposit to the east of the Prometheus flow field . The latter forms a bright , circular deposit surrounding the entire volcano and lava flow . The - rich plume is generated as lava at the western end of the flow field covers sulfur dioxide frost , heating and vaporizing it . This is accomplished at multiple breakouts , generating gas and dust for the visible dust plume . Prometheus ' plume has been observed by both Voyager spacecraft , Galileo , and New Horizons , at every appropriate imaging opportunity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f4b407fed688a8b0fbaaa95a19b15f0", "text": "Phrygian Sibyl In the extended complement of sibyls of the Gothic and Renaissance imagination , the Phrygian Sibyl was the priestess presiding over an Apollonian oracle at Phrygia , a historical kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian highlands . The Phrygian sibyl appears to be one of a triplicated sibyl , with the Hellespontine Sibyl and the Erythraean Sibyl . There was indeed an oracular site in Phrygia , but a single one , at Gergitis . The sibyls of Antiquity were increased to ten in Lactantius ' Divine Institutions ( i. 6 ) a 4th-century work quoting from a lost work of Varro , ( 1st century BCE ) . The word Sibyl comes ( via Latin ) from the ancient Greek word sibylla , meaning prophetess . There were several Sibyls in the ancient world , all of whom were re-employed in Christian mythology , to prefigure Christian eschatology : When the dread trumpet resounds , the deepest earth will yawn open , Kings will be set before the throne of God . He will deliver the final judgement on the good and the wicked , for the latter , fire , for the rest , eternal delights Such were the lines , based on Tuba mirum and composed by Aria Montano for the portrait of the `` Phrygian Sibyl '' ( 1575 ) , one of the suite of ten copperplate engravings of the Sibyls by the Antwerp artist Philip Galle ( 1537 -- 1612 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457b0ca0875d0137a4b690633b7f0806", "text": "List of Bionicle toys The following is a list of toys in Lego Bionicle line . They are organized by North American release dates ; major differences in international releases are noted , America and Europe being one of the first to receive them . There are five main kinds of sets : Collectibles are random assortments of pieces to be used as accessories for larger sets . New collectibles were originally released every six months , but were reduced to a yearly schedule as of 2004 . Collectibles are no longer released as of 2007 . Box Sets are the smallest and cheapest independent sets . Though most sets are packaged in cardboard boxes , this article will use the term to describe these small sets . A group of six box sets were released yearly , though in 2007 there were only four . In 2008 , 6 of these were released to correspond with the canister sets , though the boxes themselves were similar to canisters . Box sets contain from around 15 pieces to about 30 . Canister Sets are the main focus in the toyline and the storyline , and are packaged in plastic canisters . Groups of six canister sets are released every six months . Canister sets usually contain around 50 , 60 or 70 pieces . Titans was a term first used for the 2005 large sets , and fans often use the label for similar large character sets . In this article , it will be used to describe any set larger than a canister set ( besides playsets ) . Most Titans contain more than 100 pieces , though larger ones contain at least 200 or 500 . ( Note : The 2007 -- 2009 sets are labeled `` Warriors '' on Bionicle.com . For the time being , this article will continue to use the `` Titan '' label . ) Battle Vehicles are the newest types of sets . They feature canister-set-sized characters on a larger vehicle . They were introduced in 2008 and replaced Playsets . They can be classified as a type of Titan . A few Battle Vehicle sets are about the size and cost of normal titans , however these sets are considerably smaller in size and have Box Set size figures in place of the Canister-size figures . One exception to this is the Toa Ignika set , which contained a vehicle and a Canister-sized set as the rider while still maintaining the normal titan cost . However , the skyboard ( the corresponding vehicle ) is considerably smaller than even other `` normal titan '' vehicles . Playsets were introduced in 2005 and are traditional Lego construction sets ; including minifigures of canister set characters . In 2008 these have been replaced with Battle Vehicle sets ( see above ) . Stars were canister sets in early 2010 that contained Box Set size counterparts of characters from previous years . Each contained a piece of golden armor that would fit onto the Tahu set within that particular toyline . There are also two kinds of other sets : This list also includes specific promotions ; either items packaged with sets or special collectibles available separately . Promotional sets that are officially not part of the toyline are not included , unless they are acknowledged by the storyline . Promotional Bionicle sets are usually under ten pieces and are free . Other models are not categorized in any of the above . Other models includes a few Bionicle pieces , and sometimes a CD or video . Their prices vary widely . Most other models were released in Europe or America . Releases are grouped in this list into six-month periods , the beginnings of which are marked by when canister sets are released ; usually around January for winter periods and July for summer periods ( though due to retail schedules , European `` winter '' releases begin around March instead ) . Some sets are labeled `` store exclusive '' ; they are only available at that store and directly through Lego ( both Lego outlet stores and the Lego Shop At Home website ) , such as an unnumbered set of random Bionicle parts in a plastic bag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91d07f901f78826e4c84594523f4fff2", "text": "Kratos (mythology) In Greek mythology , Kratos or Cratus ( Ancient Greek : Κράτος ( `` Power '' ) is the son of Pallas and Styx ; he and his siblings Nike ( `` Victory '' ) , Bia ( `` Force '' ) , and Zelus ( `` Glory '' ) are all essentially personifications . Kratos , along with Bia , make a brief appearance in Aeschylus 's Prometheus Bound , where in the opening scene , acting as agents of Zeus , they lead their captive , the Titan Prometheus on stage , and instruct Hephaestus to chain Prometheus to a rock , as punishment for his theft of fire . In Aeschylus 's Libation Bearers Electra calls upon Kratos , Dike ( `` Justice '' ) and Zeus to aid her brother Orestes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6f0839aed0224be7c636fdf7f31098a", "text": "Epimetheus (mythology) In Greek mythology , Epimetheus ( -LSB- ɛpᵻˈmiːθiəs -RSB- Greek : Ἐπιμηθεύς , which might mean `` hindsight '' , literally `` afterthinker '' ) was the brother of Prometheus ( traditionally interpreted as `` foresight '' , literally `` fore-thinker '' ) , a pair of Titans who `` acted as representatives of mankind '' ( Kerenyi 1951 , p 207 ) . They were the sons of Iapetus , who in other contexts was the father of Atlas . While Prometheus is characterized as ingenious and clever , Epimetheus is depicted as foolish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "830639ddcf14735c22e8d338f7fdc770", "text": "Chronology of the universe The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology . The metric expansion of space is estimated to have begun 13.8 billion years ago . For the purposes of this summary , it is convenient to divide the chronology of the universe into four parts : The very early universe , from the Planck epoch until the cosmic inflation , or the first picosecond of cosmic time ; this period is the domain of active theoretical research , currently beyond the grasp of most experiments in particle physics . The early universe , from the Quark epoch to the Photon epoch , or the first 380,000 years of cosmic time , when the familiar forces and elementary particles have emerged but the universe remains in the state of a plasma , followed by the `` Dark Ages '' , from 380,000 years to about 150 million years during which the universe was transparent but no large-scale structures had yet formed . The period of large-scale structure formation , including stellar evolution , galaxy formation and evolution and the formation of galaxy clusters and superclusters , from about 150 million years to present , and prospectively until about 100 billion years of cosmic time ; The thin disk of our galaxy began to form at about 5 billion years . The solar system formed at about 4.6 billion years ago , with the earliest traces of life on Earth emerging by about 3.5 billion years ago . The far future , after cessation of stellar formation , with various scenarios for the ultimate fate of the universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d88569aeda6951325962a7e8acca4b4", "text": "Proterozoic The Proterozoic ( -LSB- pronˌproʊtərəˈzoʊɪk , _ prɔː - , _ - trə - -RSB- ) is a geological eon representing the time just before the proliferation of complex life on Earth . The name Proterozoic comes from Greek and means `` earlier life '' , the Greek root protero - , means `` former , earlier '' and zoic - , means `` animal , living being '' . The Proterozoic Eon extended from to ( million years ago ) , and is the most recent part of the Precambrian Supereon . It is subdivided into three geologic eras ( from oldest to youngest ) : the Paleoproterozoic , Mesoproterozoic , and Neoproterozoic . The well-identified events of this eon were the transition to an oxygenated atmosphere during the Paleoproterozoic ; several glaciations , which produced the hypothesized Snowball Earth during the Cryogenian Period in the late Neoproterozoic Era ; and the Ediacaran Period ( 635 to 541 Ma ) which is characterized by the evolution of abundant soft-bodied multicellular organisms and provides us with the first obvious fossil evidence of life on earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c768f752508ee215b7209a9e7ab01c57", "text": "Attalid dynasty The Attalid dynasty ( -LSB- ˈætəlᵻd -RSB- Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών ) was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus , a general of Alexander the Great . The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire . One of Lysimachus ' officers , Philetaerus , took control of the city in 282 BC . The later Attalids were descended from his father and they expanded the city into a kingdom . Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC , following his victories over the Galatians . The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis . A war with Eumenes III resulted in the creation of Roman province of Asia over much of the territory . On the interior of the Pergamon Altar is a frieze depicting the life of Telephus , son of Herakles , whom the ruling Attalid dynasty associated with its city and utilized to claim descent from the Olympians . Pergamon , having entered the Greek world much later than its counterparts to the west , could not boast the same divine heritage as older city-states and retroactively had to cultivate its place in Greek mythology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" } ]	fever
03c1491111b7773a9a27ed8ba55e3077	Hadera is a city.	[ { "docid": "cc476c80c453ddee7ee6d36342688496", "text": "Hadera Hadera is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel , in the northern Sharon region , approximately 45 kilometers ( 28 miles ) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa . The city is located along 7 km ( 5 mi ) of the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain . The city has a population of about 91,634 , which includes a high proportion of immigrants arriving since 1990 , notably from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union . In it had a population of . Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group , Hovevei Zion , from Lithuania and Latvia . By 1948 , it was a regional center with a population of 11,800 . In 1952 , Hadera was declared a city , with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d3f7a5ff6816551e4c55e72969a5e9f5", "text": "Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition . Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eec5c4c3462d07a565413c1b66c6873c", "text": "List of cities and towns in Croatia An urbanized area in Croatia can gain the status of grad ( which can be translated as town or city as there is no distinction between the two terms in Croatian ) if it meets one of the following requirements : is the center of a county ( županija ) , or has more than 10,000 residents , or is defined by an exception ( where the necessary historical , economic or geographic reasons exist ) A city ( town ) represents an urban , historical , natural , economic and social whole . The suburbs comprising an economic and social whole with the city , connected with it by daily migration movements and daily needs of the population of local significance , may also be included into the composition of a city as unit of local self-government . Grad ( city/town ) is the local administrative equivalent of općina ( translated as `` municipality '' ) , with the only distinction being that the former usually comprise urban areas whereas the latter commonly consist of a group of villages . Note that both municipalities and city/towns often comprise more than one settlement , as the administrative territory of a grad may include suburban villages or hamlets near the city/town in question . Individual settlement ( or naselje in Croatian ) are the smallest statistical unit counted by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics but are not administrative entities , i.e. they are governed by the municipal or city/town council of the local administrative unit they belong to . Croatian cities are administratively subdivided into `` city districts '' ( gradski kotari ) and/or `` local committee areas '' ( mjesni odbori ) with elected councils . The City of Zagreb , as the capital , not being part of any county , is subdivided into `` city districts '' / `` boroughs '' ( gradske četvrti ) and `` local committee areas '' ( mjesni odbori ) . In 1991 there were 70 cities and towns and 419 municipalities in Croatia organized into 20 counties ( plus the city of Zagreb which is both a city and a county ) . In 2001 there were 122 cities and towns ( excluding Zagreb ) and 423 municipalities . This was the territorial division used for the 2001 census . In 2006 the latest revision was made , which listed a total of 127 cities and towns and 429 municipalities in Croatia . This division was used for the latest 2011 census . In 2013 the municipality of Popovača was upgraded to town , bringing the total to 128 cities and towns and 428 municipalities . According to the Constitution , the city of Zagreb , as the capital of Croatia , has a special status . As such , Zagreb performs self-governing public affairs of both city and county .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fec0299b47a6a6f15f67c4188d60e74", "text": "Hatra Hatra was an ancient city in the Ninawa Governorate and al-Jazira region of Iraq . It was known as Hatra in Persian and al-Hadr in Arabic , a name which appears once in ancient inscriptions , and it was in the ancient Persian province of Khvarvaran . The city lies 290 km northwest of Baghdad and 110 km southwest of Mosul . On 7 March 2015 , various sources including Iraqi officials reported that the militant group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) had begun demolishing the ruins of Hatra . A video released by ISIL during the next month showed the destruction of the monuments.Hatra was liberated in March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b105a7322e3e7df27b8384ae200c095", "text": "Gandhera Gandhera is a town and union council of Charsadda District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73bb2456b7535fb3fa3c6843af0903fb", "text": "Politics of Chandigarh Chandigarh is a city and a union territory in the northern part of India that serves as the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana . As a union territory , the city is ruled directly by the Union Government of India and is not part of either state . The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India post-independence in 1947 and is known internationally for its architecture and urban design . Normally any place in India has representation at 3 levels : National ( Parliamemnt ) , State ( Legislative Assembly ) & local ( Municipality or Panchayat ) . Chandigarh being a city-state , and a Union Territory does not have a legislative assembly of its own , even though it hosts the legislative asseblies of two states Punjab & Haryana , being a common capital of both states .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cde94de821868fab9da3087afa36fca2", "text": "Hadera West Railway Station Hadera Ma'arav ( West ) Railway Station ( תחנת הרכבת חדרה מערב , Tahanat HaRakevet Hadera Ma'arav ) is an Israel Railways passenger station and freight terminal located in the city of Hadera . It serves the city , including its large industrial zones , as well as other small communities in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f41a534e03bfaa4261af3cb137eac0f", "text": "Banda Aceh Banda Aceh , formerly known as Kutaradja , is the capital and largest city in the province of Aceh , Indonesia . It is located on the island of Sumatra and has an elevation of 35 meters . The city covers an area of 64 square kilometres and had a population of 219,070 people , according to the 2000 census . Banda Aceh is located on the northwestern tip of Indonesia at the mouth of the Aceh River . The city was originally established as Bandar Aceh Darussalam Kandang and served as a capital and hub for the Sultanate of Aceh upon its foundation in the late 15th century . Later its name was changed to Bandar Aceh Darussalam , and then became popularly known as Banda Aceh . The first part of the name comes from the Persian bandar meaning `` port '' or `` haven . '' The city is also dubbed the `` port to Mecca , '' or the `` porch of Mecca '' ( Indonesian : Serambi Mekkah ) in reference to the days when hajj pilgrims travelled by sea from Indonesia and would make a stop over in the city before continuing their journey to Mecca . Banda Aceh had long been at the centre of protracted conflicts between the Acehnese and foreign domination , including war with Portuguese , wars with the Dutch , the Japanese and the Indonesian government . The city rose to international prominence in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 , which struck off the western coast of Sumatra . Banda Aceh was the closest major city to the earthquake 's epicentre , which lay 249 km off the coast . It suffered great damage in the earthquake and further damage when a tsunami struck shortly afterwards . 167,000 people died as a result and many more were injured . The aftermath of the tsunami has seen a cessation of much of the conflict in the city and province , and domestic and international aid as a result has seen a major modernisation and reconstruction of the city over the past decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ee7444bc9021639dc0092206f4c907f", "text": "Bhind Bhind is a city in Bhind District , Madhya Pradesh , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50f3db336a2dabbc05483d1742818c24", "text": "History of Afghanistan The written history of Afghanistan , ( تاریخ افغانستان د افغانستان تاريخ can be traced back to around 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire , although evidence indicates that an advanced degree of urbanized culture has existed in the land since between 3000 and 2000 BCE . The Indus Valley Civilisation stretched up to large parts of Afghanistan in the north , with several sites being known . Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived at what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after conquering Persia during the Battle of Gaugamela . Since then , many empires have established capitals inside Afghanistan , including the Greco-Bactrians , Mauryas , Kushans , Hindu Shahi , Saffarids , Samanids , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Timurids , Mughals , Hotakis and Durranis . Afghanistan ( meaning `` land of the Afghans '' ) has been a strategically important location throughout history . The land served as `` a gateway to India , impinging on the ancient Silk Road , which carried trade from the Mediterranean to China '' . Sitting on many trade and migration routes , Afghanistan may be called the ` Central Asian roundabout ' since routes converge from the Middle East , from the Indus Valley through the passes over the Hindu Kush , from the Far East via the Tarim Basin , and from the adjacent Eurasian Steppe . The archaeological manifestation of the Indo-Iranians ( Aryans ) before their split into separate language groups is generally seen as the Andronovo culture to the north of present-day Afghanistan . The Iranian languages were developed by one branch of these people ; the Pashto language spoken today in Afghanistan is one of the Eastern Iranian languages . Elena E. Kuz ` mina argues that the tents of Iranian-speaking nomads of Afghanistan developed from the light surface houses of the Eurasian steppe belt in the Bronze Age . The Arab invasions influenced the culture of Afghanistan , and its pre-Islamic period of Zoroastrian , Macedonian , Buddhist and Hindu past has long vanished . Turkic empire-builders such as the Ghaznavids and Timurids made the region now called Afghanistan of major importance . Mirwais Hotak followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani unified Afghan tribes and founded the last Afghan Empire in the early 18th century CE . Afghanistan 's sovereignty has been held during the Anglo-Afghan Wars , the 1980s Soviet war , and the 2001-present war by the country 's many and diverse people : the Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras , Uzbeks , Turkmen , Aimak , Baloch and others . The Pashtuns form the largest group , claiming to be descendants of ancient Israelites or Qais Abdur Rashid but scholars believe that they are a confederation of various peoples from the past who united under Pashtunwali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa2032ea64d48ccb1f30eb829c85b69a", "text": "Kfar Brandeis Kfar Brandeis ( lit : Brandeis village ) is a neighborhood in the Israeli city of Hadera . Kfar Brandeis was founded as a rural village in 1927 , and was named after Louis Brandeis , an American Jewish supreme court judge and the founder of `` The Economic Company for the Land of Israel '' . The company purchased land South of the moshava Hadera from a Bedouin clan in order to settle forty families there . Each family received a farm of 20 chickens and one cow , a share in a joint orchard and a small home with one room , a small kitchen and a balcony . Towards the end of 1928 , the forty houses were ready to house the new settlers , and the company had also given comfort purchasing conditions . As time went by , the farms began to grow but there were no jobs to provide the settlers ' daily needs . There was an attempt to grow Jasmine flowers for the Baron Rothschild 's perfume factory in Binyamina , but this did n't work out . During the 1929 Palestine riots the citizens of Kfar Brandeis were evacuated to the nearest Hadera , although the men returned to guard the settlement , armed with only one hunting gun and a few bayonets . The settlers also suffered during the 1936 -- 1939 Arab revolt in Palestine , as Arab mobs destroyed part of their orchard and murdered a number of citizens . Kfar Brandeis was integrated into Hadera in 1951 , 3 years after the foundation of The State of Israel . The village retained its independence regarding to water issues for many years after , but now is an integral part of the city . Category : Hadera", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41dc2eab42061d3b1b1656f1a0d69384", "text": "Jhelum Jhelum -LSB- ˈdʒeɪləm -RSB- ( Urdu , -LSB- ) ( Αλεξάνδρια Βυκεφάλους Alexandria Bucephalous ) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River , in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province , Pakistan . Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the British Army before independence and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs and warriors . Jhelum is a few miles upstream from the site of the Battle of the Hydaspes between the armies of Alexander of Macedonia and Raja Porus . A city called Bucephala was founded nearby to commemorate the death of Alexander 's horse , Bucephalus . Other notable sites nearby include the 16th-century Rohtas Fort , the Tilla Jogian complex of ancient temples , and the 16th-century Grand Trunk Road which passes through the city . According to the 1998 census of Pakistan , the population of Jhelum was 145,647 and in 2012 its population is 188,803 . The name of the city is derived from the words Jal ( pure water ) and Ham ( snow ) , as the river that flows through the river originates in the Himalayas . There are a number of industries in and around Jhelum city , including a tobacco factory , wood , marble , glass and flour mills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eff9f580214de1a62b3b28ecb944c64b", "text": "Babylonia Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia ( present-day Iraq ) . A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC , which contained at this time the minor city of Babylon . Babylon greatly expanded during the reign of Hammurabi in the first half of the 18th century BC , becoming a major capital city . During the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards , Babylonia was called Māt Akkadī `` the country of Akkad '' in the Akkadian language . It was often involved in rivalry with its older fellow Akkadian-speaking state of Assyria in northern Mesopotamia . Babylonia briefly became the major power in the region after Hammurabi ( fl . c. 1792 -- 1752 BC middle chronology , or c. 1696 -- 1654 BC , short chronology ) created a short-lived empire , succeeding the earlier Akkadian Empire , Third Dynasty of Ur , and Old Assyrian Empire ; however , the Babylonian empire rapidly fell apart after the death of Hammurabi . The Babylonian state , like Assyria to the north , retained the written Akkadian language for official use ( the language of its native populace ) , despite its Northwest Semitic-speaking Amorite founders and Kassite successors , who spoke a language isolate . It retained the Sumerian language for religious use ( as did Assyria ) , but by the time Babylon was founded , this was no longer a spoken language , having been wholly subsumed by Akkadian . The earlier Akkadian and Sumerian traditions played a major role in Babylonian and Assyrian culture , and the region would remain an important cultural center , even under protracted periods of outside rule . The earliest mention of the city of Babylon can be found in a clay tablet from the reign of Sargon of Akkad ( 2334 -- 2279 BC ) , dating back to the 23rd century BC . Babylon was merely a religious and cultural centre at this point and neither an independent state nor a large city ; like the rest of Mesopotamia , it was subject to the Akkadian Empire which united all the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule . After the collapse of the Akkadian empire , the south Mesopotamian region was dominated by the Gutian people for a few decades before the rise of the Third Dynasty of Ur , which , apart from northern Assyria , encompassed the whole of Mesopotamia , including the city of Babylon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d240a5c437a8f5d8f8b4a9ae3d074f41", "text": "Haditha (disambiguation) Haditha or al-Haditha is an Arabic name meaning `` The New One '' . It may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75c34ec23f9880abaf43ba7ec214fb3e", "text": "Dahod Dahod is a small city on the banks of the Dudhimati River in Dahod District in the State of Gujarat , India . The city serves as District Headquarters for Dahod District . It is approximately 200 km from Ahmedabad and 150 km from Vadodara . It is also known as Dohad ( meaning `` two boundaries '' , as the borders of the states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh are nearby ) . Dahod is a model town in Gujarat . It is the birthplace of the Mughal emperor , Aurangzeb . Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb was born in the fort of Dahod in 1618 , during the reign of Jahangir . Aurangzeb was said to have ordered his ministers to favour this town , as it was his birthplace . Tatya Tope , the freedom fighter , is known to have absconded in Dahod . He is believed to have lived his last days in this region . It was previously within the boundaries of Panchmahal District . The area of Godi Road/Godhra Road has been considerably developed , making the overall residence and commercial area very expansive . Urban Bank Hospital is situated here . The foundation stone for a dental college was recently laid by the trust of philanthropist Girdharlal Sheth . Dahod has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister Narendra Modi 's flagship Smart Cities Mission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9c94dc9eaf92df3f19ce2d5d3bfa609", "text": "Daura Daura is a town and Local Government Area in Katsina State , northern Nigeria . It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people . Daura with Emirate , is adjoining conurbation which comprised five local government areas ( LGAs ) -- Baure , Daura , Mai'Adua , Sandamu and Zangon Daura . The emirate is referred to as one of the `` seven true Hausa states '' ( Hausa Bakwai ) because it was , ( along with Biram , Kano , Katsina , Zazzau , Gobir , and Rano ) , ruled by the descendants of Bayajidda 's sons with Daurama and Magira ( his first wife ) . The University of California 's African American Studies Department refers to Daura , as having been `` ancient seats of Islamic culture and learning . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633d364734ea8557d9762d7c5a4b7f52", "text": "Medak Fort Medak Fort is situated in Medak district in the Indian state of Telangana , about 100 kilometres from the state capital , Hyderabad . The fort lies to the north of the city and can be reached by road and rail . It is a citadel built on a hillock that provided as a vantage point for the Kakatiyan rulers in ancient India . The fort was built sometime around the 12th century and during the reign of the Kakatiyan ruler , Pratapa Rudra and was called Methuku durgam , meaning cooked rice in Telugu . It was a command post of the Kakatians and later for Qutb Shahis . The fort has great historical and architectural importance in Telangana . Within the fort is a 17th-century Mosque built by the Qutub Shahis , granaries and remains of grand houses . It has three main entrances , the `` Prathama Dwaram '' , the `` Simha Dwaram '' that has two snarling lions at the top of the entrance and the `` Gaja Dwaram '' , or Elephant 's Entrance that has a sculpture of two elephants interlocked on both sides of the entrance . The main entrance proudly displays the double-headed `` Gandabherundam '' of the Kakatiyas . The wood used as a support for the stable roof ( Terminalia paniculata ) can still be seen there . At the fort one can see a 17th-century cannon that is 3.2 metres long . The cannon has a trident etched on it . This fortress uses the natural topography to the maximum advantage with the rocky face offering it natural defences . The water to the fort was provided via a pipeline . Now , there is not much left to see , but as it stands on a hillock , it offers a good view of the district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93014a6cd6046f142130587e3d9f933d", "text": "Al-Hadaa'iq Al-Hadaa ` iq is a Basic People 's Congress administrative division of Benghazi , Libya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57535036947e994ca7e2ed804b91d156", "text": "Hadar, Ethiopia Hadar ( also spelled Adda Da'ar ; Afar `` treaty -LSB- ahdi -RSB- stream -LSB- d'ar -RSB- '' ) is a village in Ethiopia , on the southern edge of the Afar Triangle . The village is known for the nearby archaeological digs which have yielded some well-known hominin fossils . According to Jon Kalb , early maps show caravan routes passing within 10 or 15 kilometers of Hadar but not through it . The British explorer L.M. Nesbitt passed 15 kilometres west of Hadar in 1928 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99341bbea57bc51596768b17ecbd60d9", "text": "Noida Noida , short for the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( Hindi : ' नवीन ओखला औद्योगिक विकास प्राधिकरण ' ) , is a systematically planned Indian city under the management of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( also called NOIDA ) . It is part of National Capital Region of India . Noida came into administrative existence on 17 April 1976 and celebrates 17 April as `` Noida Day '' . It was set up as part of an urbanisation thrust during the controversial Emergency period ( 1975 -- 1977 ) . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act by the initiatives of Sanjay Gandhi . The city has the highest per capita income in the whole National Capital Region . The Noida Authority is among the richest civic bodies in the country . As per provisional reports of Census India , the population of Noida in 2011 is 642,381 ; of which male and female are 352,577 and 289,804 respectively . Roads in Noida are lined by trees and it is considered to be India 's greenest city with about 50 % green cover , the highest of any city in India . Noida is located in Gautam Buddh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state . The district 's administrative headquarters are in the nearby town of Greater Noida . However , the district 's highest government official , the District Magistrate ( DM ) , has its official camp office in Noida Sector-27 . The city is a part of the Noida Vidhan Sabha ( state assembly ) constituency and Gautam Buddha Nagar ( Lok Sabha constituency ) . Minister of State for Culture , Tourism of Civil Aviation Mahesh Sharma of the BJP is the current MP of Noida . The current MLA is Pankaj Singh ( politician ) . Noida was ranked as the Best City in Uttar Pradesh and the Best City in Housing in all of India in awards conducted by abp news in 2015 ( Best City Awards 2015 ) , Noida replaced Mumbai as the second-best realty destination , according to an analyst report . Noida has emerged as a hot spot for IT and IT-enabled services industry with many large companies setting up their businesses here . It is becoming the preferred destination for companies offering IT , ITeS , BPO , BTO and KPO services in various domains such as banking , financial services , insurance , pharma , auto , fast-moving consumer goods and manufacturing . According to a study by Assocham the major advantages include an excellent power supply , a salubrious climate eminently suited to information technology ( IT ) industries , a capability to increase the pool of skilled manpower , the availability of engineering colleges and other educational institutions , the low cost of setting up an IT unit as well as low recurring costs ( including cost of living ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a8ba840afb54c7d5f895916fc388118", "text": "Hadidi (tribe) Al-Hadidi ' in Arabic is a famous tribe in Jordan that mainly situated in As-Salt City , the Country 's first Capital . Most members of Al-Hadidi tribe are highly educated and have had a great influence on the cultural and social movement in their city and society . There are also parts of the tribe in Egypt , northern Iraq ( mostly in Kirkuk ) , and Syria . Edited By : Mohammad H. Al-Hadidi '' ' Category : Arab groups", "title": "" } ]	fever
e1745efa3b594b8c3d774566da7434bc	Here is by a Briton.	[ { "docid": "863792e3a43321df05801824d0604314", "text": "Here (Alicia Keys album) Here is the sixth studio album by American singer and songwriter Alicia Keys . It was released on November 4 , 2016 , by RCA Records . The first single from the standard edition , `` Blended Family ( What You Do for Love ) '' , was released on October 7 , 2016 . `` In Common '' and `` Hallelujah '' were featured on the deluxe edition of the album . As of May 2017 , the album has sold 131,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5382e0f11b63ba7e111ec44004c9b33c", "text": "Alicia Keys Alicia Augello Cook ( born January 25 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Alicia Keys , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , pianist and actress . Keys released her debut album with J Records , having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records . Keys ' debut album , Songs in A Minor was released in 2001 , producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single `` Fallin ' '' , and selling over 12 million copies worldwide . The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002 . Her sophomore album , The Diary of Alicia Keys , was released in 2003 , spawning successful singles `` You Do n't Know My Name '' , `` If I Ai n't Got You '' and `` Diary '' , and selling 8 million copies worldwide . The duet song `` My Boo '' with Usher scored her a second number-one single in 2004 . The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005 . Later that year , she released her first live album , Unplugged , becoming the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one . As I Am was released in 2007 , producing the Hot 100 number-one single `` No One '' , selling 5 million copies worldwide and earning an additional three Grammy Awards . The Element of Freedom was released in 2009 , becoming her first chart-topping album in the UK , and selling 4 million copies worldwide . Keys additionally collaborated with Jay Z on `` Empire State of Mind '' as her fourth number-one single , and won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2010 . Girl on Fire was released in 2012 as her fifth Billboard 200 topping album , spawning the successful title track . Her second live album , VH1 Storytellers was released in 2013 . Here was released in 2016 , becoming her seventh R&B / Hip-Hop chart topping album Keys has won numerous awards such as 15 Grammy Awards and 17 NAACP Image Awards and has sold over 35 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide . Keys made her film debut in Smokin ' Aces and has also appeared in The Nanny Diaries and The Secret Life of Bees . Considered a pop icon , Billboard magazine named her the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed her number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years . VH1 included her on their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list , while Time named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005 and 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6718fc743993adf56fad4035c184c4f5", "text": "Centre points of the United Kingdom There has long been debate over the exact location of the geographical centre of the United Kingdom , and its constituent countries , due to the complexity and method of the calculation , such as whether to include offshore islands , and the fact that erosion will cause the position to change over time . There are two main methods of calculating this `` centre '' : either as the centroid of the two-dimensional shape made by the country ( projected to the Airy ellipsoid then flattened using the Transverse Mercator projection ) , or as the point farthest from the boundary of the country ( either the sea , or , in the case of constituent countries , a land border ) . These two methods give quite different answers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4a014cbadab9e6410ab99a793308c1f", "text": "1991 Brit Awards The 1991 Brit Awards were the 11th edition of the biggest annual pop music awards in the United Kingdom . They are run by the British Phonographic Industry and took place on 10 February 1991 at Dominion Theatre in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc14fb0ad83eec1e5852bc1c76aaf473", "text": "Heart of Lothian `` Heart of Lothian '' is a song by British neo-progressive rock band Marillion . It is the fifth track on the 1985 concept album Misplaced Childhood . The song was released as the third single from Misplaced Childhood on 18 November 1985 in the UK , the Netherlands , West Germany , Canada ( on Capitol Records ) , South Africa and Australia . `` Heart of Lothian '' became the third Top 30 UK single from Misplaced Childhood , peaking at number 29 . The song also peaked at number 51 on the German singles chart . The single version of Heart of Lothian actually begins with the last two sections of Bitter Suite : part d , Misplaced Rendezvous ( minus the vocals that appear on the album ) and part e , Windswept Thumb , before segueing into part a of Heart of Lothian , Wide Boy , but ends without including part b , Curtain Call . The 7 '' and 12 '' formats of the single both featured a live version of `` Chelsea Monday '' , originally a track from Marillion 's debut 1983 album Script for a Jester 's Tear as the b-side . This was recorded at the Muziekcentrum Vredenburg in Utrecht on 15 October 1985 . The 12 '' also includes the extended album version of `` Heart of Lothian '' as well as the single edit . In the US , the song was first used as the b-side for `` Kayleigh '' , the band 's European hit single . In 1986 , `` Heart of Lothian '' reappeared as a b-side to the US-only single release `` Lady Nina '' , which had in turn appeared as a b-side on the European release of the lead single from Misplaced Childhood , `` Kayleigh '' . As all of Misplaced Childhood , the title track was produced by Chris Kimsey , while the live recording of `` Chelsea Monday '' was mixed by Mark Freegard . The cover art was designed by Mark Wilkinson and in the background features the Dugald Stewart Monument , a well-known Edinburgh landmark . There are other references to Edinburgh in the song -- the title itself refers to the Heart of Midlothian , one line reads `` And anarchy smiles on the Royal Mile '' . A CD replica of the single was also part of a collectors box-set released in July 2000 which contained Marillion 's first twelve singles and was re-issued as a 3-CD set in 2009 ( see The Singles ' 82 -- ' 88 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "222ca0acbb4c1b1c1d120d484fd8cc6d", "text": "The Islington The Islington is a live music venue located at 1 Tolpuddle Street , London , England , Prior to new ownership it was called the `` North One '' . It has become a known venue for national and international touring acts . The venue booking schedule has hosted notable performances from Thurston Moore , Jeffrey Lewis -RSB- -RSB- Matthew Caws ( Nada Surf ) -RSB- -RSB- Ethan Johns -RSB- -RSB- Jamie Lawson Sarah Neufeld ( Arcade Fire ) , Ward Thomas The Magic Numbers , Minor Alps , Lisa Mitchell , Whyte Horses , Max Cooke , The High Llamas , Cara Dillon , The Barr Brothers , Jamie Lenman , Ben Taylor and Yasmine Hamdan . The venue has hosted profile book launches from David Hepworth , Paul Morley Hunter Davies , Jon Savage", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4138b170343069b0c1f55f730202ffc2", "text": "Here Here may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1430e2c6febaeecbc640bc183beb8c01", "text": "Here in America Here in America is a CD compilation of early songwriting demos and rare live recordings of concert performances given by American singer/songwriter Rich Mullins as he toured across America in 1986-1987 with song collaborator Steve Cudworth ( vocals/guitar ) and Kyle Stevens ( drums/vocals ) . Released posthumously on May 6 , 2003 , six years after his death , `` Here In America '' allows listeners to enjoy excerpts from Rich Mullins concerts prior to the release of `` Awesome God '' in 1988 , which inevitably propelled him , as a recording artist , to a higher level of recognition by the CCM industry . The album comes with a Bonus DVD with two parts - `` Live at Studio B '' , a 1997 concert with a Ragamuffin Band ; and `` 12 Short Stories '' , which was recorded in February 1994 ( although the DVD misidentifies it as 1993 ) during a two-day seminar led by Rich Mullins and Beaker at LeSEA Broadcasting Studios in South Bend , Indiana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0428ce039db859733a2121c0cc7bad1", "text": "Pax Britannica Pax Britannica ( Latin for `` British Peace '' , modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe ( 1815 -- 1914 ) during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force . Between 1815 and 1914 , a period referred to as Britain 's `` imperial century , '' around 10,000,000 sqmi of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire . Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival , other than perhaps Russia in central Asia . When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans , the British and French defeated it in the Crimean War ( 1854 -- 56 ) , thereby protecting the by-then feeble Ottoman Empire . Britain 's Royal Navy controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , Britain 's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled access to many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . British merchants , shippers and bankers had such an overwhelming advantage over everyone else that in addition to its colonies it had an `` informal empire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d26367cefdfb9ee520da092e072b94", "text": "Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people : flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists . Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts . The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea . The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was : clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42fee3ed5a5c86a9e1d25cd6df90e95", "text": "Robb Johnson Robb Johnson ( born Isleworth , Hounslow , 25 December 1955 ) is a British musician and songwriter , who has been called `` one of the last genuinely political songwriters '' , and is known for his mix of political satire and wit . He has his own record label , Irregular Records , and has released more than 30 albums since 1985 , either solo or in several collaborations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9529739778594bf959d82996ecc4282", "text": "American and British English spelling differences Many of the differences between American and British English date back to a time when spelling standards had not yet developed . For instance , some spellings seen as `` American '' today were once commonly used in Britain and some spellings seen as `` British '' were once commonly used in the United States . A `` British standard '' began to emerge following the 1755 publication of Samuel Johnson 's A Dictionary of the English Language , and an `` American standard '' started following the work of Noah Webster and in particular his An American Dictionary of the English Language , first published in 1828 . Webster 's efforts at spelling reform were somewhat effective in his native country , resulting in certain well-known patterns of spelling differences between the American and British varieties of English . But English-language spelling reform has rarely been adopted otherwise , and thus modern English orthography varies somewhat between countries and is far from phonemic in any country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f679d1817660a7b647f22204d5e28869", "text": "Ben Howard Benjamin John `` Ben '' Howard ( born 24 April 1987 ) is an English singer-songwriter . He self-released his debut EP Games in the Dark ( 2008 ) followed by two more EPs , These Waters ( 2009 ) and Old Pine ( 2010 ) . He is currently signed to Island and Communion . His major debut studio album came in 2011 titled Every Kingdom followed by two more EP releases , Ben Howard Live ( 2011 ) and The Burgh Island E.P. ( 2012 ) . At the 2013 Brit Awards he received the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist . He performed at 2013 Glastonbury festival on the Pyramid Stage on Saturday 29 June . He released his second studio album , I Forget Where We Were , in October 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002b63cbe35954fa35d99c461cd8b3b9", "text": "Companion to British History The Companion to British History ( ISBN 978-0-9560983-0-6 ) is a single-volume encyclopaedic reference work `` bigger than a foundation stone , longer than the Bible '' ( Daily Telegraph ) written by the sole hand of Charles Arnold-Baker and edited by his son Henry von Blumenthal in 1996 who , as proprietor of Longcross Press , published the First and Third Editions . It was described by The Spectator as `` arguably one of the most remarkable books ever written '' . An account of how the book came to be written and published appeared as a feature article in the Daily Telegraph . The Second Edition was by Routledge . Category : British non-fiction literature", "title": "" }, { "docid": "317ee5ca338bc125d8a5b3052edfe556", "text": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 The United Kingdom held a national preselection to choose the song that would go to the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 . A Song for Europe 1979 was planned to take place at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 8 March . After a day 's rehearsals at the Royal Albert Hall a strike by BBC technicians stopped the show . Audio recordings of the songs were voted on by 14 regional juries : Bristol , Bangor , Leeds , Norwich , Newcastle , Aberdeen , Birmingham , Belfast , Cardiff , Plymouth , Glasgow , Southampton and London . The jury in Manchester could not be contacted and since the winner had a more than 12 point winning margin , their scores were not included . This led to an immaterial tie for second place . The following day , the 12 songs were broadcast on Terry Wogan 's Radio 2 show and a recap of the top places , plus an interview with the winners took place on the BBC TV Show Nationwide the same evening . The Manchester scores were eventually verified , with song 12 ` Fantasy ' being awarded 2nd place ahead of song 6 ` Call My Name ' . Black Lace were the winners of A Song for Europe with `` Mary Ann '' and went on to place 7th at the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest in Jerusalem , Israel . This was also the first Eurovision since 1972 in which Terry Wogan did not provide either the television or radio commentary . Wogan had originally been scheduled to provide the television commentary but opted out of going to Israel following comments he made of the 1978 winner `` A-Ba-Ni-Bi '' sounding like `` I Wan na Be a Polar Bear '' . Instead his Radio 2 colleague John Dunn provided the television commentary . Ray Moore provided the radio commentary on both BBC Radio 1 and Radio 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e18ade79c26755811cca1b7e8fa662d8", "text": "Overseas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d54bdd98a6214319dd13a65449d6205", "text": "All (song) `` All '' was the United Kingdom entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 performed in English by Hull born actress and occasional singer Patricia Bredin . It was a ballad and at a length of 1:52 minutes , it had the distinction of being the shortest entry in the history of the Contest until Finland in 2015 as well as being the first song to be performed in English . The song was performed 3rd on the night ( following Luxembourg 's `` Amours mortes ( tant de peine ) '' and preceding Italy 's `` Corde della mia chitarra '' , the latter coincidentally being the longest entry in the history of the contest at 5:09 minutes ) . The song was placed 7th out of 10 songs , and received a total of 6 points . No studio recording of the song is known to exist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b403484521a5e879481e0f2ce9acd3e", "text": "The Beatles' Christmas records The Beatles ' Christmas records were spoken and musical messages from English rock group The Beatles that were posted out on flexi disc at Christmas time to members of their official fan-clubs in the United Kingdom and the United States . One such record was issued each year from 1963 to 1969 and an LP compilation of all seven in 1970 . Conceived as a means to appease fan-club members whose letters , due to their sheer volume , were not always being answered in a timely manner , the records included the Beatles ' messages of thanks to `` loyal Beatle people '' , along with skits , Christmas carols , and original compositions . None of the original recordings has ever been subject to general release , though a version of `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' , an original composition which appeared in edited form on the 1967 record , eventually gained an official release in 1995 , as part of The Beatles Anthology project .", "title": "" } ]	fever
308043e22487e3d73b37e16a66da2a6d	Jeff Bezos is a philanthropist.	[ { "docid": "da1c64580e0fdd4ace78a774429c307a", "text": "Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm . Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions . With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "feffd885d04a1d0da448903905e9cfc4", "text": "Inside Philanthropy Inside Philanthropy is a news website about large philanthropic foundations and wealthy donors , created by David Callahan in 2013 . It aims to increase oversight and transparency in large-scale philanthropy . The site provides news on major philanthropy and its trends , and presents profiles of big donors in particular categories such as donors from the technology industry , donors from the financial industry , and supporters of major education and healthcare initiatives . It also rates foundation program officers by their performance , rather than by the nonprofits they fund . It issues its own set of awards , such as the Philanthropist of the Year award and the Boldest Philanthropic Vision award . The site has been noted for naming wealthy people who Inside Philanthropy considers as scoring relatively poorly on `` relative generosity '' , or percentage of wealth that a person has given away , even if they still give out a comparatively large amount of money in absolute terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ab3cd1b224c0eb4a73e1024bda5577", "text": "Philanthropist (disambiguation) A philanthropist is a person who makes an active effort to promote human welfare ; a person who practices philanthropy . Philanthropist may also refer to : The Philanthropist , academic journal The Philanthropist ( play ) by Christopher Hampton ( 1971 ) The Philanthropist ( Cincinnati , Ohio ) abolitionist newspaper The Philanthropist ( TV series ) , television series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34dd48dc2e7778caee39da329deef3a9", "text": "Buckminster Fuller Challenge The Buckminster Fuller Challenge is an annual international design competition that awards $ 100,000 to the most comprehensive solution to a pressing global problem . The Challenge was launched in 2007 and is a program of The Buckminster Fuller Institute . The competition , open to designers , artists , architects , students , environmentalists , and organizations world-wide , has been dubbed `` Socially-Responsible Design 's Highest Award '' by Metropolis Magazine . According to the Buckminster Fuller Challenge website : `` Winning solutions are regionally specific yet globally applicable and present a truly comprehensive , anticipatory , integrated approach to solving the world 's complex problems . '' Furthermore , the criteria of the Challenge calls not for a stand-alone solution , but an integrated strategy that addresses social , environmental , economic and cultural issues . This is aligned with the design approach of Buckminster Fuller , which he referred to as `` comprehensive anticipatory design science '' . Winners of the Buckminster Fuller Challenge include John Todd ( 2008 ) , MIT 's Smart Cities Group ( 2009 ) , , Allan Savory and the Africa Center for Holistic management ( 2010 ) , Blue Ventures ( 2011 ) and the Living Building Challenge ( 2012 ) . Each year 's winner is ultimately decided by an international jury of renowned whole systems thinkers and practitioners of sustainability . Former jury members include Jose Zaglul , Alan Kay , Mitchell Joachim , Adam Bly , Jamais Cascio , Nicholas Grimshaw , Hunter Lovins , William McDonough , Janine Benyus , and Danny Hillis . Although there is only one winner per year , the majority of the entries received are featured on the Buckminster Fuller Challenge website within a fully searchable database known as the Idea Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd24a617b7446de58b715c50ab4cb749", "text": "Arrow information paradox The Arrow information paradox ( information paradox for short ) , and occasionally referred to as Arrow 's disclosure paradox . named after Kenneth Arrow , American economist and joint winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with John Hicks , is a problem that companies face when managing intellectual property across their boundaries . This happens when they seek external technologies for their business or external markets for their own technologies . It has implications for the value of technology and innovations as well as their development by more than one firm and for the need for and limitations of patent protection . Arrow 's information paradox theory was set out in a 1962 paper . Cornell Law School professor Oskar Liivak has written in a paper for a conference at Stanford University that Arrow 's `` paper has been one of the foundational theoretical pillars of the incentive based theory of patents as Arrow 's work is thought to rule out a strictly market-based solution . '' A fundamental tenet of the paradox is that the customer , i.e. the potential purchaser of the information describing a technology ( or other information having some value , such as facts ) , wants to know the technology and what it does in sufficient detail as to understand its capabilities or have information about the facts or products to decide whether or not to buy it . Once the customer has this detailed knowledge , however , the seller has in effect transferred the technology to the customer without any compensation . This has been argued to show the need for patent protection . If the buyer trusts the seller , or is protected via contract , then they only need to know the results that the technology will provide , along with any caveats for its usage in a given context . A problem is that sellers lie , they may be mistaken , one or both sides overlook side consequences for usage in a given context , or some unknown unknown affects the actual outcome . Discussions of the value of patent rights have taken Arrow 's information paradox into account in their evaluations . The theory has been the basis for many later economic studies . These include theories that pre-patent innovation can be carried out only by a single firm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e363605646e38b2694838393c67ddd8", "text": "Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs . The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America . Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52162ac2ca960a951fc5c11df2430473", "text": "The Entrepreneurial State The Entrepreneurial State : Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths is a 2013 book written by Mariana Mazzucato which argues that the United States ' economic success is a result of public and state funded investments in innovation and technology , rather than a result of the small state , free market doctrine that often receives credit for the country 's strong economy . Mazzucato argues that understanding the difference between the `` myth '' and the reality of this success is particularly important saying : `` If the rest of the world wants to emulate the US model , they should do as the United States actually did , not as they say they did '' . The book was listed among the Financial Times best books of the year , and was reviewed in several publications including The New York Times and The Wall Street Jornal . It is both praised and criticized by several social science journals , and has started numerous discussions among economists and social scientists around the world about the role of the state in the world of technological innovations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b69390fde5238879b744d920be58d92", "text": "Summit Series (conference) Summit Series is an American organization that hosts conferences and events for young entrepreneurs , artists and activists . Events organized by the group include an annual invitation-only conference during which participants discuss topics including business practices , technological innovation , and philanthropy . Summit Series attendees have included Bill Clinton , Ted Turner and Richard Branson . Summit Series was founded in 2008 by Elliott Bisnow , Brett Leve , Jeff Rosenthal , Jeremy Schwartz , and Ryan Begelman . Since its foundation , the organization has raised more than $ 2 million for charitable and non-profit organizations . Through its investment fund Summit Action Fund , Summit Series has invested in multiple startup companies , including Uber , and Warby Parker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4009d85b3a5929462336a81464f0e79d", "text": "Social innovation Social innovations are new strategies , concepts , ideas and organizations that meet the social needs of different elements which can be from working conditions and education to community development and health -- they extend and strengthen civil society . Social innovation includes the social processes of innovation , such as open source methods and techniques and also the innovations which have a social purpose -- like online volunteering , microcredit , or distance learning . Prominent innovators associated with the term include Pakistani Akhter Hameed Khan , Bangladeshi Muhammad Yunus , the founder of Grameen Bank which pioneered the concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries in Asia , Africa and Latin America , and also inspired programs such as the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme of Dnet ( A Social Enterprise ) and Stephen Goldsmith , former Indianapolis mayor who engaged the private sector in providing many city services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c040096b9091c1d67b37fb39b58d30", "text": "New World Foundation The New World Foundation is a liberal foundation , based in New York . It supports organizations that work on behalf of civil rights and that seek to encourage participation of citizens in American democracy . It was founded in 1954 by Anita McCormick Blaine , a prominent member of the McCormick family and an heiress to industrialist Cyrus Hall McCormick and a supporter of Henry Wallace 's 1948 presidential campaign . Its initial funding of about $ 20 million was noted for progress towards education , ethics , peace , and public health . In its mission statement , the New World Foundation stated as of 2009 : We see the strengths of progressive ideals and committed activists , who every day are inventing democracy and extending its boundaries . But we also know the strength of reaction , inaction , and injustice in blocking democracy 's advance . Our work and our tradition is to tip the balance , to add resources to the side of justice , to widen the channels for participation , and to ensure that another generation will see by example how they can make a difference . During the early 1960s , the New World Foundation 's goal was to aid education and promote better intergroup and international relations . During the early 1970s , the Foundation supported various civil rights and community projects . Hillary Clinton , whom Marian Wright Edelman had mentored , was on the board from 1982 to 1988 , and was its chair for some of that time , including 1987 . During that time , the Foundation gave money to a variety of organizations active in civil rights and other New Left causes , including the Christic Institute , Grassroots International , Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ( CISPES ) , FAIR , and the National Lawyers Guild . By the early 1990s , the foundation was giving money to a Silicon Valley group fighting consequences of computer industry toxins , all the while undergoing criticism for being invested in the likes of Louisiana Pacific , Nike , and Philip Morris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701499e827ac07e1e08fc4648eed1537", "text": "Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) The Global Health Innovative Technology Fund ( GHIT Fund ) , headquartered in Japan , is an international public-private partnership between the Government of Japan ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ) , 16 pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies ( Astellas , Chugai , Eisai , Daiichi Sankyo , Fujifilm , GlaxoSmithKline , Johnson & Johnson , Kyowa Hakko Kirin , Merck Group , Mistubishi Tanabe , Nipro , Otsuka , Shionogi , Sumitomo Dainippon , Sysmex and Takeda ) , the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the Wellcome Trust and United Nations Development Programme . It funds scientific research and development for anti-infectives and diagnostics for diseases that primarily affect the developing world . Bill Gates has noted that `` GHIT draws on the immense innovation capacity of Japan 's pharmaceutical companies , universities and research institutions to accelerate the creation of new vaccines , drugs and diagnostic tools for global health . '' Margaret Chan , Director-General of the World Health Organization , said : `` The GHIT Fund has stepped in to provide that incentive in a pioneering model of partnership that brings Japanese innovation , investment and leadership to the global fight against infectious disease . '' The GHIT Fund is the first public-private partnership fund to involve a national government , a UN agency , a consortium of pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies , and international philanthropic foundations . The public-private partnership model , the inclusion of a whole pharmaceutical sector and the structure of individual research projects across sectors and national boundaries are all aimed at reducing the R&D risk to any one entity and to ensure that findings are open to all . Another key opportunity the GHIT Fund has created has been to help open the doors of Japan 's public and private drug compound libraries to product development partnerships , which makes possible the screening of tens of thousands of drug candidates for potential new treatments . The participating companies view their investments into neglected diseases through the Fund as a long-term investment into the future , rather than charity . They see the Fund as a necessary catalyst for having allowed them to pursue this line of research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a7c15376b21a8645130e07a38bb90da", "text": "Donna Redel Donna Redel is an American businesswoman and philanthropist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4830b496b7a36f4da9be4219e404d91", "text": "Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation A mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation or membership corporation is a type of nonprofit corporation in the US , similar to other mutual benefit organizations found in some of common law nations , chartered by government with a mandate to serve the mutual benefit of its members . A mutual-benefit corporation can be non-profit or not-for-profit in the United States , but it can not obtain IRS 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit status as a charitable organization . It is distinct in U.S. law from public-benefit nonprofit corporations , and religious corporations . Mutual benefit corporations must still file tax returns and pay income tax because they are not formed for a purpose that is meant to benefit the general public ( unlike public-benefit nonprofit corporations ) but rather to provide an association of people with a common benefit . Due to its private purpose , a mutual benefit corporation pays the same taxes as a regular for-profit corporation ( C corporation tax rates ) . However , the IRS still allows for tax exemptions for certain types of mutual-benefit nonprofits ( 501 ( c ) ( 6 ) ) . Mutual benefit corporations are formed for common gain purposes such as providing insurance for members ( many insurance companies still have `` mutual '' in their names , though many have since adopted other corporate forms ) , establishing a community financial institution , managing common property , or promoting the social or economic welfare of member individuals or organizations ( for example through trade groups , professional organizations or business districts ) . Some mutual water companies are organized as mutual benefit corporations ; an electric membership corporation is another example . Mutual benefit corporations have their roots in the benefit societies that sprang up to offer services and solidarity to workers during the Industrial Revolution , though most today do not have any particular connection to labor movements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "972d758e113d9d8d802856623f6a04e7", "text": "Private equity firm A private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout , venture capital , and growth capital . Often described as a financial sponsor , each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies . Typically , a private equity firm will raise pools of capital , or private equity funds that supply the equity contributions for these transactions . Private equity firms will receive a periodic management fee as well as a share in the profits earned ( carried interest ) from each private equity fund managed . Private equity firms , with their investors , will acquire a controlling or substantial minority position in a company and then look to maximize the value of that investment . Private equity firms generally receive a return on their investments through one of the following avenues : an initial public offering ( IPO ) -- shares of the company are offered to the public , typically providing a partial immediate realization to the financial sponsor as well as a public market into which it can later sell additional shares ; a merger or acquisition -- the company is sold for either cash or shares in another company ; a recapitalization -- cash is distributed to the shareholders ( in this case the financial sponsor ) and its private equity funds either from cash flow generated by the company or through raising debt or other securities to fund the distribution . Private equity firms characteristically make longer-hold investments in target industry sectors or specific investment areas where they have expertise . Private equity firms and investment funds should not be confused with hedge fund firms which typically make shorter-term investments in securities and other more liquid assets within an industry sector but with less direct influence or control over the operations of a specific company . Where private equity firms take on operational roles to manage risks and achieve growth through long term investments , hedge funds more frequently act as short-term traders of securities betting on both the up and down sides of a business or of an industry sector 's financial health .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "072878d89b7d4275eb92dd74e04122f8", "text": "Youth philanthropy Youth philanthropy is the donation of time , energy or resources , including money , by children and youth towards philanthropic causes . According to one study , `` youth philanthropy is , at the broadest level , youth giving of their time , talents and treasure . '' It is seen as an effective means in which youth develop knowledge of and participate in philanthropic projects such as volunteering , grant writing , and community service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc37abe8179b7f3347c9d2de88c4cdb9", "text": "Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers ( KPCB ) is an American venture capital firm located on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park in Silicon Valley . Specializing in investments in incubation , early stage and growth companies , since its founding in 1972 the firm has backed entrepreneurs in around 500 ventures , including AOL , Amazon.com , Compaq , Electronic Arts , Google , Netscape , Sun Microsystems , Nest , Snap , AppDynamics , and Twitter . Kleiner Perkins focuses its global investments in practice areas including technology and life sciences . The Wall Street Journal and other publications have called it one of the `` largest and most established '' venture capital firms and Dealbook named it `` one of Silicon Valley 's top venture capital providers . '' In addition to its Menlo Park headquarters , the company has offices in San Francisco and Shanghai , China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16b193776b2057e935a09a849c14d55", "text": "Peabody Education Fund Founded of necessity due to damage caused largely by the American Civil War , the Peabody Education Fund was established by George Peabody in 1867 for the purpose of promoting `` intellectual , moral , and industrial education in the most destitute portion of the Southern States . '' The gift of foundation consisted of securities to the value of $ 2,100,000 , of which $ 1,100,000 were in Mississippi State bonds , afterward repudiated . In 1869 an additional $ 1,000,000 was given by Mr. Peabody , with $ 384,000 of Florida funds , also repudiated later . The main purpose of the fund was to aid elementary education by strengthening existing schools . Because it was restricted from founding new schools , it did not benefit freedmen in the South , as there were no established schools for blacks . `` The fund introduced a new type of benefaction in that it was left without restriction in the hands of the trustees to administer . Power to close the trust after thirty years was provided on condition that two-thirds of the fund be distributed to educational institutions in the Southern states . '' The rules of the Peabody Education Fund were strict , allowing for the distribution of about $ 80,000 per year over a period of thirty years . By the time of the termination of the fund in 1898 , about $ 2,500,000 had been distributed . In 1875 , the trustees of the Peabody Education Fund founded the Peabody Normal School of the South which promptly became the Peabody Normal College ( 1875-1911 ) . It was maintained in connection with the University of Nashville and supported by annual donations from the Peabody Education Fund . In 1910 the Peabody College for Teachers was organized . Placed adjacent to Vanderbilt University , the college opened its doors on June 14 , 1914 for summer school . In September 1915 , four new buildings had been completed at a cost of $ 750,000 . About 1915 , the Peabody Education Fund ceased to exist . The Southern Education Foundation , a not-for-profit foundation , was created in 1937 from the Peabody Education Fund and three funds intended to support education for blacks : the John F. Slater Fund , the Negro Rural School Fund , and the Virginia Randolph Fund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41e52ad06733c6094eccf6103c336f33", "text": "BB Publications BB Publications is a publisher of books and periodicals that profile philanthropists and thinkers . The company also reports on philanthropic work via social media . It is owned by the Linveco Media Group . and is headquartered in London , with offices in Dubai , Hong Kong , and Dallas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8474dc9d1cce4bcca3f5d76d2cf56dde", "text": "August Heckscher August Heckscher ( August 26 , 1848 -- April 26 , 1941 ) was a capitalist and philanthropist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f28697e9bc6b6284434938661266b258", "text": "Fred Rosen (businessman) Fredric `` Fred '' D. Rosen is an American attorney , business executive , and philanthropist . He served as the president and chief executive officer of Ticketmaster from 1982 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7181539075116775b54c86ea6ceeb698", "text": "Muhammad Yunus Muhammad Yunus ( মুহাম্মদ ইউনূস born 28 June 1940 ) is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur , banker , economist , and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance . These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans . In 2006 , Yunus and the Grameen Bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize `` for their efforts through microcredit to create economic and social development from below '' . The Norwegian Nobel Committee said that `` lasting peace can not be achieved unless large population groups find ways in which to break out of poverty '' and that `` across cultures and civilizations , Yunus and Grameen Bank have shown that even the poorest of the poor can work to bring about their own development '' . Yunus has received several other national and international honours . He received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2010 . In 2008 , he was rated number 2 in Foreign Policy magazine 's list of the ` Top 100 Global Thinkers ' . In February 2011 , Yunus together with Saskia Bruysten , Sophie Eisenmann and Hans Reitz co-founded Yunus Social Business -- Global Initiatives ( YSB ) . YSB creates and empowers social businesses to address and solve social problems around the world . As the international implementation arm for Yunus ' vision of a new , humane capitalism , YSB manages incubator funds for social businesses in developing countries and provides advisory services to companies , governments , foundations and NGOs . In 2012 , he became Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland . He is a member of the advisory board at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology . Previously , he was a professor of economics at Chittagong University in Bangladesh . He published several books related to his finance work . He is a founding board member of Grameen America and Grameen Foundation , which support microcredit . Yunus also serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation , a public charity created in 1998 by American philanthropist Ted Turner 's $ 1 billion gift to support UN causes . In March 2011 , the Bangladesh government fired Yunus from his position at Grameen Bank , citing legal violations and an age limit on his position . Bangladesh 's High Court affirmed the removal on 8 March . Yunus and Grameen Bank are appealing the decision , claiming Yunus ' removal was politically motivated . In March 2017 , the employees of Bangladesh 's Grameen Telecom ( GTC ) , established by Muhammad Yunus , sued him over alleged unpaid dues .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c3fa9ae4d7a96e871dfcd43f4f0553b6	Tony Bill directed a film written by Alan Ormsby and he is American.	[ { "docid": "f0cd184fe46c57bd82cb50da487f063a", "text": "My Bodyguard My Bodyguard is a 1980 American comedy-drama film directed by Tony Bill ( his directorial debut ) , and written by Alan Ormsby . The film stars Chris Makepeace , Adam Baldwin , Matt Dillon , Martin Mull , and Ruth Gordon . The film was the debut of both Baldwin and an uncredited Jennifer Beals , and was Joan Cusack 's first major film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25ab07475379188019dd27d18f64a1b", "text": "Tony Bill Gerard Anthony `` Tony '' Bill ( born August 23 , 1940 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He produced the 1973 movie The Sting , for which he shared the Academy Award for Best Picture with Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips . As an actor , Bill has had supporting roles in films including Come Blow Your Horn ( 1963 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , Pee-Wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) , and Less Than Zero ( 1987 ) . He made his directorial debut with My Bodyguard ( 1980 ) , and has since directed movies like Six Weeks ( 1982 ) , Five Corners ( 1987 ) , Crazy People ( 1990 ) , and Flyboys ( 2006 ) . He often casts Dudley Moore in his films .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cbe62fc0fb4e6abd49a5f635722783b6", "text": "Alan Trustman Alan Trustman ( born December 16 , 1930 ) is an American lawyer , screenwriter , pari-mutuel operator and currency trader . He is best known for writing the 1968 film , The Thomas Crown Affair , Bullitt , and They Call Me Mr. Tibbs ! , in his movie career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fe87dffebba5afa217a94590cf66a4", "text": "Bill Cracks Down Bill Cracks Down is a 1937 American film directed by William Nigh . The film is also known as Men of Steel in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12ed01cfca43018e6838521bf96aff3f", "text": "Mr. Saturday Night Mr. Saturday Night is a 1992 American comedy-drama film that marks the directorial debut of its star , Billy Crystal . It focuses on the rise and fall of Buddy Young Jr. , a stand-up comedian . Crystal produced and co-wrote the screenplay with the writing duo Babaloo Mandel and Lowell Ganz . It was filmed from November 1991 to March 1992 and released on September 23 , 1992 , by Columbia Pictures . Co-star David Paymer received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . The opening title sequence was designed by Elaine and Saul Bass . The film is based on the Saturday Night Live Weekend Update sketch in which Billy Crystal plays Buddy Young Jr. reviewing a restaurant he went to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2086c023ccd016c425d304ba5a7af1a4", "text": "Buddymoon Buddymoon ( previously known as Honey Buddies ) is a 2016 American independent comedy film directed by Alex Simmons ; written by Simmons , Flula Borg , and David Giuntoli ; and starring Borg and Giuntoli . It is the story of a former child actor ( Giuntoli ) whose fiancée leaves him days before their wedding . In an effort to cheer him up , his best friend and would-be best man ( Borg ) convinces him that the two of them should go on the planned honeymoon trip together . Buddymoon premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival in Park City , Utah on January 23 , 2016 and received their Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature . It also appeared , among other places , at the Florida Film Festival , where it also won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature , and it was the opening film for the Ashland ( Oregon ) Independent Film Festival . In March 2016 , worldwide distribution rights to the film were acquired by Gravitas Ventures and Orion Pictures . Its theatrical and home video release was on July 1 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85de64213596aa316c9a5d0db134a88a", "text": "Green Card (film) Green Card is a 1990 romantic comedy film written , produced , directed by Peter Weir and starring Gérard Depardieu and Andie MacDowell . The screenplay focuses on an American woman who enters into a marriage of convenience with a Frenchman so he can obtain a green card and remain in the United States . Depardieu won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . The film won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07331940ff1d6b8a7a9919112fa748d2", "text": "American Teen (film) American Teen is a 2008 documentary film directed by Nanette Burstein ( On the Ropes , The Kid Stays in the Picture ) and produced by 57th & Irving . It competed in the Documentary Competition at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , where it received the Directing Award : Documentary . Following the Sundance Film Festival , the movie was picked up by Paramount Vantage and was released to general cinema July 25 , 2008 . Much of the movie was filmed at Warsaw Community High School in Warsaw , Indiana . Director Nanette Burstein originally reviewed more than 100 different schools in the pre-production process , and ten schools replied , agreeing to participate . After she interviewed incoming seniors at all 10 , she chose Warsaw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "488da795d2eb1b9f497aeb1c82f66216", "text": "Angel and the Badman Angel and the Badman is a 1947 American Western film written and directed by James Edward Grant and starring John Wayne , Gail Russell , Harry Carey and Bruce Cabot . The film is about an injured gunfighter who is nursed back to health by a Quaker girl and her family whose way of life influences him and his violent ways . Angel and the Badman was the first film Wayne produced as well as starred in , and was a departure for this genre at the time it was released . Writer-director James Edward Grant was Wayne 's frequent screenwriting collaborator . In 1975 , the film entered the public domain in the USA due to the copyright claimants failure to renew the copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee931dee2038b147f2eb99f90881f6fb", "text": "Bill Odenkirk Bill Odenkirk ( born October 13 , 1965 ) is an American comedy writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6a774a4117bd87d0f28b411cec1070a", "text": "Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05fad906806b8219d06c492a5239f707", "text": "Wild Bill (1995 film) Wild Bill is a 1995 Western film about the last days of legendary lawman Wild Bill Hickok . It stars Jeff Bridges , Ellen Barkin , John Hurt and Diane Lane . The film was distributed by United Artists . It was written and directed by Walter Hill , with writing credits also going to Pete Dexter , author of the book Deadwood , and Thomas Babe , author of the play Fathers and Sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81879e49427bf01cfc52f5f4708227d6", "text": "Betsy's Wedding Betsy 's Wedding is a 1990 American romantic-comedy film written , directed by and starring Alan Alda . It co-stars Molly Ringwald , Ally Sheedy , Madeline Kahn , Joey Bishop , Joe Pesci , Anthony LaPaglia , Burt Young and Catherine O'Hara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30270077061a305f7154d5d0cf1747d7", "text": "Not Easily Broken Not Easily Broken is an 2009 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Bill Duke . The film is written by Brian Bird based on T. D. Jakes ' 2006 novel of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acc0bf83e3534d39bc38c86329c204ca", "text": "Malone (film) Malone is a 1987 American film adaptation of William P. Wingate 's novel , written by Christopher Frank , directed by Harley Cokeliss , and stars Burt Reynolds , Cliff Robertson and Lauren Hutton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf84c1afeadcc0f66478c48da7acfc51", "text": "On Directing Film On Directing Film is a non-fiction book by American playwright and filmmaker David Mamet ( ISBN 0-670-83033-X ) published in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319a3f5a4398cb826006d94589502d44", "text": "The American Way (film) The American Way , also known as Riders of the Storm , is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by Maurice Phillips and starring Dennis Hopper and Michael J. Pollard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33b5253b273790f5cf9b0421c406a31a", "text": "A.C.O.D. A.C.O.D. is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Stu Zicherman , based on a script by Zicherman and Ben Karlin , and starring Adam Scott , Amy Poehler , Jessica Alba and Jane Lynch . The name of the film is an abbreviation for Adult Children of Divorce . Teddy Schwarzman produced the film through his Black Bear Pictures production company . Other stars include Richard Jenkins , Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Catherine O'Hara , with Ken Howard and Clark Duke in supporting roles . The film was released in the U.S. on October 4 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f39a64bfcecd0176004877f4ac2b096", "text": "Dead Poets Society Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama film directed by Peter Weir , written by Tom Schulman , and starring Robin Williams . Set in 1959 at the fictional elite conservative Vermont boarding school Welton Academy , it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry . The film received critical acclaim and was a box office success . It won the BAFTA Award for Best Film , and César Award and David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Film . Schulman received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76b77981267bd067c4fbe7c969fb437", "text": "America (2011 film) America is a 2011 Puerto Rican drama film directed by Sonia Fritz . The film was selected as the Puerto Rican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but was disqualified because of a rule change .", "title": "" } ]	fever
013195439084532ef983faa8a8d907ca	Psychological horror overlaps with psychological thrillers.	[ { "docid": "c5ba13382e16e1b8080e1ea8a9c4faa0", "text": "Psychological horror Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction , which relies on the mental , emotional and psychological status of characters to frighten or unsettle readers , viewers , or players . The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller , and it often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable , unreliable , or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense and horror of the setting and plot and to provide an overall unpleasant , unsettling , or distressing atmosphere .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "66d6c1d8b12e821cfa76631bea2b012d", "text": "Process psychology Process psychology is a branch of psychotherapeutic psychology which was derived from process philosophy as developed by Alfred North Whitehead . Process psychology got its start at a conference sponsored by the Center for Process Studies in 1998 . In 2000 , Michel Weber created the Whitehead Psychology Nexus : an open forum dedicated to the cross-examination of Alfred North Whitehead 's process philosophy and the various facets of the contemporary psychological field . David Ray Griffin , a retired professor , has also been instrumental in encouraging the development of Process Psychology . Process Psychology is closely aligned with process theology and its practitioners frequently refer to spiritual concerns . John Buchanan described Process Psychology as a transpersonal psychology providing an empirical basis for what has been called mystical experience . Yet other theorists reference systems thinking and the work of Ludwig von Bertalanffy whose concept of a `` system '' is compared to Whitehead 's idea of the `` organism '' . The influence of Carl G. Jung is also referenced and he is considered to be among the discipline 's founding fathers . Jon Mills ( psychologist ) has proposed a process psychology known as `` dialectical psychoanalysis '' ( which is based , in part , on Hegelianism ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3732b2915818076de3737b070412ec2e", "text": "Posttraumatic embitterment disorder Posttraumatic embitterment disorder ( PTED ) is a proposed disorder modeled after posttraumatic stress disorder . Some psychiatrists are proposing this as a mental disorder because they believe that there are people who have become so bitter , they can barely function . PTED patients do not fit the formal criteria for PTSD and can be clinically distinguished from it , prompting the description of a new and separate disorder . German psychiatrist Michael Linden , who has conducted research on the proposed disorder , describes its effect on people : `` They feel the world has treated them unfairly . It 's one step more complex than anger . They 're angry plus helpless . '' He says that people with the disorder are almost treatment resistant and that ; `` These people usually do n't come to treatment because ` the world has to change , not me . He believes that 1 to 2 percent of people are affected at any given time , and explains that , although sufferers of the disorder tend to have a desire for vengeance , '' ... Revenge is not a treatment . '' PTED so far has no official status and is not listed in the DSM-IV-TR or ICD-10-CM .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d8d1f11427c79034d33932b464e996", "text": "Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes . The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism . American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus : Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body . The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc11da7f1b24a13ed65d3a158b98692b", "text": "Horror Stories Horror Stories can refer to : Horror fiction , a literary genre Horror Stories ( album ) , an album by the garage punk band Dwarves Horror Stories ( magazine ) , a pulp magazine Horror Stories ( film ) , a South Korean film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cc9191fb4cd1d045548447a0feabc1", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho is a non-fiction book by Stephen Rebello . It details the creation of director Alfred Hitchcock 's 1960 thriller Psycho The book was first published in April 15 , 1990 by Dembner Books , and distributed by W. W. Norton and Company . Stephen Rebello researched the film thoroughly through Hitchcock 's personal records and archives and he interviewed virtually every surviving cast and crew member . Prior to the book 's publication , Rebello 's initial research appeared as a 22-page article in the April 1986 issue of Cinefantastique magazine entitled `` Psycho : The Making of Alfred Hitchcock 's Masterpiece '' . That research was expanded for the book version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f738ceb76bf790a270d413b3e4c3c18", "text": "Abnormal psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder . Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal , this branch of psychology generally deals with behavior in a clinical context . There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant ( statistically , functionally , morally or in some other sense ) , and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken . The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions , employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere , and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by `` abnormal '' . There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations , reflecting a philosophical dualism in regard to the mind body problem . There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders . Abnormal includes three different categories ; they are subnormal , supernormal and paranormal . The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors : adaptive and maladaptive behaviors . Behaviors that are maladaptive suggest that some problem ( s ) exist , and can also imply that the individual is vulnerable and can not cope with environmental stress , which is leading them to have problems functioning in daily life . Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess , understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice . The theoretical field known as ` abnormal psychology ' may form a backdrop to such work , but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term ` abnormal ' in reference to their practice . Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589d9f7a6afc3708d11fad4583bbc0b0", "text": "Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction . More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66f28332c6af504520cb478779b0bbb", "text": "Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism . In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09934041dfd8d81b0e6cacc68ee24b0a", "text": "Occult detective fiction Occult detective stories combine the tropes of detective fiction with those of supernatural horror fiction . Unlike the traditional detective the occult detective is employed in cases involving ghosts , curses , and other supernatural elements . Some occult detectives are portrayed as being themselves psychic or in possession of other paranormal powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "476249f79bc938f22537380debb3313e", "text": "Repetition compulsion Repetition compulsion is a psychological phenomenon in which a person repeats a traumatic event or its circumstances over and over again . This includes reenacting the event or putting oneself in situations where the event is likely to happen again . This `` re-living '' can also take the form of dreams in which memories and feelings of what happened are repeated , and even hallucination . The term can also be used to cover the repetition of behaviour or life patterns more broadly : a `` key component in Freud 's understanding of mental life , ` repetition compulsion ' ... describes the pattern whereby people endlessly repeat patterns of behaviour which were difficult or distressing in earlier life '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df884e71668ec4bd4bd771887463844e", "text": "Mind uploading Whole brain emulation ( WBE ) , mind upload or brain upload ( sometimes called `` mind copying '' or `` mind transfer '' ) is the hypothetical process of scanning mental state ( including long-term memory and `` self '' ) of a particular brain substrate and copying it to a computer . The computer could then run a simulation model of the brain 's information processing , such that it responds in essentially the same way as the original brain ( i.e. , indistinguishable from the brain for all relevant purposes ) and experiences having a conscious mind . Mind uploading may potentially be accomplished by either of two methods : Copy-and-Transfer or gradual replacement of neurons . In the case of the former method , mind uploading would be achieved by scanning and mapping the salient features of a biological brain , and then by copying , transferring , and storing that information state into a computer system or another computational device . The simulated mind could be within a virtual reality or simulated world , supported by an anatomic 3D body simulation model . Alternatively , the simulated mind could reside in a computer that is inside ( or connected to ) a ( not necessarily humanoid ) robot or a biological body in real life . Among some futurists and within the transhumanist movement , mind uploading is treated as an important proposed life extension technology . Some believe mind uploading is humanity 's current best option for preserving the identity of the species , as opposed to cryonics . Another aim of mind uploading is to provide a permanent backup to our `` mind-file '' , and a means for functional copies of human minds to survive a global disaster or interstellar space travels . Whole brain emulation is discussed by some futurists as a `` logical endpoint '' of the topical computational neuroscience and neuroinformatics fields , both about brain simulation for medical research purposes . It is discussed in artificial intelligence research publications as an approach to strong AI . Computer-based intelligence such as an upload could think much faster than a biological human even if it were no more intelligent . A large-scale society of uploads might , according to futurists , give rise to a technological singularity , meaning a sudden time constant decrease in the exponential development of technology . Mind uploading is a central conceptual feature of numerous science fiction novels and films . Substantial mainstream research in related areas is being conducted in animal brain mapping and simulation , development of faster super computers , virtual reality , brain -- computer interfaces , connectomics and information extraction from dynamically functioning brains . According to supporters , many of the tools and ideas needed to achieve mind uploading already exist or are currently under active development ; however , they will admit that others are , as yet , very speculative , but still in the realm of engineering possibility . Neuroscientist Randal Koene has formed a nonprofit organization called Carbon Copies to promote mind uploading research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a7fff4c3550b03fafa0881bd83a5e3b", "text": "Somatic psychology Somatic psychology is a form of alternative medicine that focuses on somatic experience , and the embodied self , including therapeutic and holistic approaches to body . Body psychotherapy is a general branch of this subject , while somatherapy , eco-somatics and dance therapy , for example , are specific branches of the subject . Somatic psychology is a framework that seeks to bridge the mind-body dichotomy . Pierre Janet can perhaps be considered the first somatic psychologist due to his extensive psychotherapeutic studies and writings with significant reference to the body ( some of which pre-date Freud ) . It is only gradually that the body entered into the realm of available techniques that could be used in a psychodynamic frame , following the explorations of Sándor Ferenczi and his friend Georg Groddeck , then Otto Fenichel and his friend Wilhelm Reich . Wilhelm Reich is the first who tried to develop a clear psychodynamic approach that included the body , but he soon found out that it could not be done . He then developed his own way of combining body and mind and the somatic regulators that connect these two dimensions . Reich was a significant influence in the founding of body psychotherapy ( or somatic psychology as it is often known in the USA and Australia ) - though he called his early work `` character analysis '' and `` character-analytic vegetotherapy '' ) . Several types of body-oriented psychotherapies trace their origins back to Reich , though there have been many subsequent developments and other influences on body psychotherapy and somatic psychology is of particular interest in trauma work . Dance therapy or ( dance movement psychotherapy ) also reflect something of this approach and are considered a study and practice within the field of somatic psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecf6f067fc32a320af0ff8722bddb2a", "text": "Health psychology Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health , illness , and healthcare . It is concerned with understanding how psychological , behavioral , and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness . Psychological factors can affect health directly . For example , chronically occurring environmental stressors affecting the hypothalamic -- pituitary -- adrenal axis , cumulatively , can harm health . Behavioral factors can also affect a person 's health . For example , certain behaviors can , over time , harm ( smoking , excessive alcohol consumption ) or enhance health ( exercise , diet low in saturated fat ) . Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach . In other words , health psychologists understand health to be the product not only of biological processes ( e.g. , a virus , tumor , etc. ) but also of psychological ( e.g. , thoughts and beliefs ) , behavioral ( e.g. , habits ) , and social processes ( e.g. , socioeconomic status and ethnicity ) . By understanding psychological factors that influence health , and constructively applying that knowledge , health psychologists can improve health by working directly with individual patients or indirectly in large-scale public health programs . In addition , health psychologists can help train other healthcare professionals ( e.g. , physicians and nurses ) to take advantage of the knowledge the discipline has generated , when treating patients . Health psychologists work in a variety of settings : alongside other medical professionals in hospitals and clinics , in public health departments working on large-scale behavior change and health promotion programs , and in universities and medical schools where they teach and conduct research . Although its early beginnings can be traced to the field of clinical psychology , four different divisions within health psychology and one related field , occupational health psychology ( OHP ) , have developed over time . The four divisions include clinical health psychology , public health psychology , community health psychology , and critical health psychology . Professional organizations for the field of health psychology include Division 38 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) , the Division of Health Psychology of the British Psychological Society ( BPS ) , and the European Health Psychology Society . Advanced credentialing in the US as a clinical health psychologist is provided through the American Board of Professional Psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310186e506601f761fa609448a8613ef", "text": "Deliria Deliria : Faerie Tales for a New Millennium is an `` interactive urban fantasy setting '' created by Phil Brucato . The title refers to an altered state of awareness in which several levels of reality can be perceived at once , to both good and ill effect . The core concept behind Deliria is one of `` ordinary people in an extraordinary world . '' Inspired by classical fairy tales and urban fantasy , the setting presents a multicultural world in which magic is always present but often invisible . To `` twilight people '' who encounter the magical realm , the world becomes a frightening yet wonderful place . Meanwhile , the immortal faeries , or aelderfolk , regard mortal humanity with a mixture of awe and terror . The accelerating pace of human imagination reverberates through both worlds , bringing changes that many aelders fear . Within the tensions of this setting , ordinary people become heroes - or villains - in their own new fairy tales . Inspired by authors like Charles de Lint , Erik Davis and Francesca Lia Block , films like Edward ScissorHands and Practical Magic , world music and ethereal wave music , and TV shows like Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Deliria 's setting emphasizes `` normal people '' over superheroes . As a role-playing game , it features a flexible rules system , collaborative storytelling , and a character-crafting process based on telling stories about the character . Deliria has also been noted for its vivid digital art , evocative short stories , and emphasis of `` courage rather than carnage . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5cddd1e1d8b3dcc07b73989b4c67c33", "text": "Self-envy Self-envy is a psychoanalytic concept developed by Rafael López-Corvo who argues that it is crucial for the understanding of disorders of the self that are manifested in addictions , acting out , and inhibition of creativity . This concept is based on the use of object relations theory , that many psychoanalysts view as a fundamental instrument for examining the architecture of the internal world that describes behavior as influenced by the multiple interactions of early representations of self and other that operate in our inner selves . Self-envy is produced by ` child part self-objects ' , self representations from early development that remain split off from the self and harbor destructive and envious feelings toward the creative aspects of the self and results from direct aggressive attacks by these childhood self-objects against the part of the self identified with a harmonious mother-father or parent-sibling relationship . The internal dynamics of self-envy cause intense unconscious conflict , dissociation , and disturbances of the self , all of which underlie severe psychopathologies , such as repetitive destructive behavior , and even the living of seemingly normal but constricted lives . López-Corvo suggests that the psychoanalytic interpretation of such patients , for whom one part of the self is ruthlessly pitted against another , should address directly the phenomenon of a war within the internal self . W.C.M. Scott first used this term in 1975 in his article `` Remembering sleep and dreaming : self-envy and envy of dreams and dreaming '' in the International Review of Psychoanalysis , Vol . 2/3 ( 1975 ) : 333-354 . López-Corvo credits Scott in his paper `` About Interpretation of Self-Envy '' in the same journal ( 1992 ) : 73 , 719 , and also in his book Self-Envy : Therapy and the Divided Inner World , which also draws from Melanie Klein , Wilfred Bion , and other object-relations theorists in order to develop its more extended argument .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7c969901535d7636f0b88cadfcde3f3", "text": "Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements . This includes the genres science fiction , fantasy , horror and supernatural fiction , as well as their combinations . The broader usage of the term is attributed to Robert Heinlein , who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay , although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction or its variant `` speculative literature '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dae2da899bbbdd080d968bda5264d664", "text": "Paranormal Entity Paranormal Entity is a 2009 American supernatural horror film written , directed by and starring Shane Van Dyke and produced by The Asylum in 2009 . It is one of many films dubbed as a `` mockbuster '' , a movie designed to capitalize on the success of a more popular film . Paranormal Entity is a copycat of the successful low-budget horror film Paranormal Activity . The film was followed by indirect sequels 8213 : Gacy House ( also known as Paranormal Entity 2 ) in 2010 , Anneliese : The Exorcist Tapes ( also known as Paranormal Entity 3 ) in 2011 , and 100 Ghost Street : The Return of Richard Speck ( also known as Paranormal Entity 4 ) in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1d54a34279e757616aa55ddcf67e09d", "text": "Night Terror Night Terror or Night Terrors may refer to : Night terror , a medical condition Night Terrors ( film ) , a 1993 horror film directed by Tobe Hooper Night Terror ( Soulcalibur ) , a fictional character in the fighting game Soulcalibur III `` Night Terrors '' ( Star Trek : The Next Generation ) , a fourth season episode from Star Trek : The Next Generation `` Night Terrors '' ( Doctor Who ) , an episode from the sixth series of Doctor Who Night Terrors ( novel ) , a Buffy novel by Alice Henderson `` Night Terror '' , a song by English singer Laura Marling `` Night Terrors '' , a song by Static-X on Start a War", "title": "" } ]	fever
114ad4db5bb63cc4ada344fe1f3a19ef	The Best Rock Album was won by Green Day.	[ { "docid": "3a6e33c97b6b0ca14d451ca6740d21fa", "text": "Green Day Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt . For much of the group 's career , the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool , who replaced former drummer John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band 's second studio album , Kerplunk ( 1991 ) . Guitarist Jason White , who has worked with the band as a touring member since 1999 , was an official member from 2012 to 2016 . Green Day was originally part of the punk scene at the DIY 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley , California . The band 's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout ! Records . In 1994 , its major label debut Dookie ( released through Reprise Records ) became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. Green Day was widely credited , alongside fellow California punk bands Sublime , Bad Religion , The Offspring , and Rancid , with popularizing and reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States . Green Day 's three follow-up albums , Insomniac ( 1995 ) , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , and Warning ( 2000 ) did not achieve the massive success of Dookie , though they were still successful , with Insomniac and Nimrod reaching double platinum and Warning achieving platinum status . The band 's rock opera , American Idiot ( 2004 ) , reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation , selling six million copies in the U.S. . The band 's eighth studio album , 21st Century Breakdown , was released in 2009 and achieved the band 's best chart performance to date . 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! , which were released in September , November and December 2012 respectively . The band 's twelfth studio album , Revolution Radio was released on October 7 , 2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , their third album to do so . Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide . The group has won five Grammy Awards : Best Alternative Album for Dookie , Best Rock Album for American Idiot , Record of the Year for `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , Best Rock Album for the second time for 21st Century Breakdown and Best Musical Show Album for American Idiot : The Original Broadway Cast Recording . In 2010 , a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway . The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards : Best Musical , Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design , losing only the first . Also in 2010 , Green Day was ranked no. 91 in the VH1 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . On April 18 , 2015 , the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a part of the 2015 class in their first year of eligibility .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "98f96ec775e8b2c2a7bdefe30b8685bc", "text": "The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands is the fourth studio album released by the American rock band the Turtles . Produced by Chip Douglas , it was released in November 1968 by White Whale Records . It includes John Barbata 's final recorded performances with the band ; he left shortly after its release to join Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young . Barbata 's eventual replacement , former Spanky and Our Gang drummer John Seiter , also contributed to the album . Some issues of the album were retitled Elenore . This was a concept album , with the band pretending to be a series of different groups , playing in varying styles from psychedelic ( `` The Last Thing I Remember '' ) to hard rock ( `` Buzzsaw '' ) to surf music ( `` Surfer Dan '' ) to bluegrass ( `` Chicken Little Was Right '' ) . The outer cover showed the Turtles in evening dress , playing hosts of the `` show '' , while the inside gatefold showed them in different costumes for each song . The entire album was filled with puns and hidden jokes . ( According to liner notes on various Turtles CDs , White Whale Records was in reality , a one-artist label and they were consistently pressuring The Turtles to come up with another `` Happy Together , '' which resulted in `` Elenore , '' a humorous reworking of the classic `` happy pop '' single . ) `` Kamanawanalea '' was a made-up Hawaiian idol ( `` the god of lust and perversion '' ) , and a rude pun . The lyrics of `` Food '' included a recipe for brownies , with a special ingredient . `` Surfer Dan '' was billed as being by The Cross Fires ; this was an in-joke , as the Turtles had previously been a surf-music band known as The Crossfires before it had signed with White Whale Records . `` You Showed Me '' was written by Roger McGuinn and Gene Clark of The Byrds , and became the last major Turtles hit . The final song , `` Earth Anthem , '' was notably recorded at 3:00 A.M. by candlelight , to capture the exact mood the Turtles wanted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013c1bd5f11aa53dce7d934e80ecb5bc", "text": "2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band . The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song . Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost . 32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83ae935c4ac7b28c949b09054f880547", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Van Halen This is a list of awards and nominations for awards received by the rock band Van Halen . Van Halen is a hard rock band formed in Pasadena , California in 1972 and consisted of Eddie Van Halen on guitar , keyboards , and vocals , Alex Van Halen on drums and percussion , Michael Anthony on bass and vocals , and David Lee Roth on lead vocals . They enjoyed success from the release of their self-titled debut album in 1978 . As of 2007 Van Halen has sold more than 80 million albums worldwide -RSB- and have had the most number one hits on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart . During the 1980s they also had more Billboard Hot 100 hits than any other hard rock or heavy metal band . According to the Recording Industry Association of America , Van Halen is the 19th best selling band/artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the United States and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums sell more than 10 million copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94a4725e969f8b03d6efee965d7858df", "text": "2006 MTV Video Music Awards The 2006 MTV Video Music Awards aired live on August 31 , 2006 , honoring the best music videos from June 11 , 2005 , to June 26 , 2006 . The show was hosted by Jack Black at Radio City Music Hall in New York City . The 2006 Video Music Awards marked the first time viewers were able to vote for all performers ' categories ( Best Video ; Best Male , Female , and Group Videos ; and genre categories ) . Like previous years , the artistic categories ( Best Direction , Best Cinematography , etc. ) are still chosen by music industry professionals . The 2006 Awards also discontinued the major category Breakthrough Video . The show was criticized by fans and viewers as being uninteresting or lacking substance . The award ceremony 's ratings were down 28 % from the 8 million viewers it averaged in 2005 and down 45 % from the 10.3 million viewers it averaged in 2004 . Shakira and Red Hot Chili Peppers received the most nominations , with seven each . Avenged Sevenfold won Best New Artist and `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' , by Panic ! at the Disco , became the first video to win Video of the Year without winning a single other award since `` This Note 's for You '' by Neil Young in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05350ecb773e219611e2fa0b4a476c65", "text": "Slippery When Wet Slippery When Wet is the third studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi . It was released on August 18 , 1986 by Mercury Records in North America and Vertigo Records internationally . The album was produced by Bruce Fairbairn . Recording sessions took place between January and July 1986 at Little Mountain Sound Studios in Vancouver , Canada . Slippery When Wet was an instant commercial success . The album features songs that are considered Bon Jovi 's most well-known tracks , such as the singles `` You Give Love a Bad Name '' , `` Livin ' on a Prayer '' and `` Wanted Dead or Alive '' . The album spent eight weeks at No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart and was named by Billboard as the top-selling album of 1987 . Slippery When Wet is Bon Jovi 's best-selling studio album to date , with an RIAA certification of 12 × Platinum , making it one of the top 100 best-selling albums in the United States . The album was featured in the 2005 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c7ba5fc189592e2e9d97f90643e71d4", "text": "ARIA Award for Best Children's Album The ARIA Music Award for Best Children 's Album , is an award presented at the annual ARIA Music Awards , which recognises `` the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres '' , since 1987 . It is handed out by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , an organisation whose aim is `` to advance the interests of the Australian record industry . '' The Wiggles hold the record for the most wins in this category ( or any category ) . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74475b3e9cfe19db8866b34e6c566194", "text": "Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes . Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20453c5ad128cec2fc7b25c1638d6e9b", "text": "Willpower (Today Is the Day album) Willpower is the second studio album by the American noise rock band Today Is the Day , released on September 1994 by Amphetamine Reptile Records . The album was recorded just a few months after Steve Austin 's father , whom he had not seen for months by this period of time , died in a violent car crash . A remastered edition of the album was issued in 2007 through the then-newly formed SuperNova Records , which included the track `` Execution Style '' , a rare extra from the Willpower sessions that remained previously unreleased up to that point . A live performance that was recorded during the tour to promote Willpower was released as a DVD via SuperNova , under the title of Willpower Live in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed972e3997d821c646d6471ba28c2aaa", "text": "X-Kid `` X-Kid '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day . The song was recorded by the band for their eleventh studio album , ¡ Tre ! . It was released as a single February 12 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d54b50c1380ed0208926e5f110ca5ad0", "text": "Saves the Day Saves the Day is an American Pop Punk band from Princeton , New Jersey , formed in 1994 . The band consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Chris Conley , guitarist Arun Bali , bassist Rodrigo Palma , and drummer Dennis Wilson . After forming under the name Sefler in 1994 , Saves the Day released their debut studio album , Ca n't Slow Down , in 1998 . It was followed by Through Being Cool ( 1999 ) , which featured their first single , `` Shoulder to the Wheel '' . Stay What You Are was released in 2001 , peaking at number 100 on the Billboard 200 . It spawned two successful music videos on MTV2 , for the singles `` At Your Funeral '' and `` Freakish '' , and has since sold 300,000 copies . After the success of Stay What You Are , Saves the Day signed to Dreamworks Records , who co-released their next studio album , In Reverie , with Vagrant Records . The album peaked at number 27 on the Billboard 200 and number 4 on the Independent Albums chart . Their latest , self-titled LP was released in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a52dda3df22baee3cba59805a8cacbc0", "text": "Warning (Green Day album) Warning ( stylized as WARNING :) is the sixth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day , released on October 3 , 2000 by Reprise Records . Building upon its predecessor , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , the album eschewed the band 's trademark punk rock sound and incorporated acoustic elements and pop and folk styles . Lyrically , the record contains more optimistic and inspirational themes in comparison with the band 's earlier releases . Warning was also Green Day 's first album since Kerplunk ( 1992 ) that was not produced by Rob Cavallo , although he did have a hand in its production and was credited as executive producer . Despite mixed criticism towards the band 's stylistic change , the album received mostly positive reviews from music critics , who praised vocalist/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong 's songwriting . Although it peaked at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart , Warning represented the lowest commercial slump in Green Day 's career , being the band 's first album since signing to a major record label not to achieve multi-platinum status . The album has nonetheless been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and , as of December 2012 , has sold 1.2 million copies . Warning was reissued on vinyl on July 14 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f2db2301cf94704be7050d0737af813", "text": "Got the Life `` Got the Life '' is a song written and recorded by American band Korn for their third studio album , Follow the Leader which was released as the album 's second single on November 23 , 1998 . It was recorded in April 1998 at NRG Recording Studios . The band decided they would release the song as a promotional single after each member found that there was something `` special '' about the song . The single had `` phenomenal success '' , and its music video was requested more than any other video on MTV 's TRL , making it the first officially `` retired '' music video . `` Got the Life '' did not receive much attention in the music press ; however , the song was rewarded a gold certification in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association . It peaked at number one on the Canadian RPM Rock/Alternative Chart chart , as well as number fifteen on the US Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number seventeen on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d201daa29afd613993ea1ed97cf21f9", "text": "Green Day discography The American punk rock band Green Day has released 12 studio albums , two live albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , four video albums , 10 extended plays , four box sets , 42 singles , ten promotional singles , and 39 music videos . The band has sold over 85 million records worldwide , including more than 30 million in the United States alone . Green Day released their first two studio albums , 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours ( 1991 ) ( consisting of the original `` 39/Smooth '' as well as their first two EP 's `` 1,000 Hours '' and `` Slappy '' ) and Kerplunk ( 1991 ) , through the independent label Lookout ! Records before signing to major label Reprise Records . Dookie , the band 's first album on the label and third studio album overall , was released in February 1994 . It was a breakout success , selling over 10 million copies in the United States and 20 million copies worldwide . Dookie spawned five singles , including the international hits `` Longview '' , Basket Case '' and `` When I Come Around '' . The album placed Green Day at the forefront of the 1990s punk rock revival . Insomniac , the band 's fourth studio album , was released in October 1995 . While not as successful as Dookie , the album managed to peak at number two on the US Billboard 200 and received a double platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Nimrod followed in October 1997 ; it peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200 . Four singles were released from Nimrod ; the most successful of these was `` Good Riddance ( Time of Your Life ) '' , which hit the top ten in countries such as Australia and Canada . The band 's sixth studio album Warning was released in October 2000 to mild commercial success , peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 and only earning a gold certification from the RIAA . Their seventh studio album American Idiot reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation . Becoming the band 's first album to top the Billboard 200 , American Idiot sold over six million copies in the United States , and over 14 million copies worldwide . The album spawned five commercially successful singles : `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , `` Holiday '' , `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' , and `` Jesus of Suburbia '' . The band 's eighth studio album 21st Century Breakdown followed in May 2009 , topping the Billboard 200 and being certified platinum by the RIAA . Two singles from the album -- `` Know Your Enemy '' and `` 21 Guns '' -- became top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 . A trilogy of studio albums -- ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! -- were released toward the end of 2012 . ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! and ¡ Tré ! peaked at numbers two , nine and thirteen respectively on the Billboard 200 . In 2016 , another studio album , Revolution Radio was released and topped the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "136f4295ef1bf703b9416ef8f1a580a2", "text": "Rated R (Queens of the Stone Age album) Rated R ( also called R or Rated X on vinyl ) is the second studio album by American rock band Queens of the Stone Age , released on June 6 , 2000 on Interscope Records . Rated R was a critical and commercial success and became the band 's breakthrough album . It peaked at number 16 on the Top Heatseekers and reached high positions on charts worldwide . The album has been certified gold in the United Kingdom . Three singles were released from it : `` The Lost Art of Keeping a Secret '' , `` Feel Good Hit of the Summer '' and `` Monsters in the Parasol '' , with the first helping Queens of the Stone Age reach mainstream popularity . Rated R is the band 's first album to feature bass guitarist Nick Oliveri and vocalist Mark Lanegan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31eeacd1bd9fc7c5f991d1e2fd085f7b", "text": "¡Dos! ¡ Dos ! is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day . The album was released on November 9 , 2012 in Australia , November 12 in the United Kingdom and on November 13 in the United States through Reprise Records . It is the second installment in the ¡ Uno ! ¡ Dos ! ¡ Tré ! trilogy . Following its predecessor 's power pop style , ¡ Dos ! was billed as Green Day 's take on garage rock . The album garnered the highest average reviews of all three trilogy albums , receiving generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its dynamic style and catchy songs ; others found its music dull and observed filler on the album . It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 69,000 copies in the United States , a low for the band , becoming their first album since signing to a major record label to not sell 100,000 records in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532b8d92510feeff72678b5f7b0ae887", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance was an award presented at the 2012 and 2013 Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it was designed for solo , duo/groups or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) hard rock or metal recordings and was limited to singles or tracks only . The award was first presented in 2012 , after a major restructuring of Grammy categories . It combined the previous categories Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Metal Performance . The restructuring was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . However , the Recording Academy announced in June 2013 that the category would split in 2014 , returning the Best Metal Performance category and recognizing quality hard rock performances in the Best Rock Performance category . According to the Academy , `` it was determined that metal has a very distinctive sound , and hard rock more closely aligns with rock and can exist comfortably as one end of the rock spectrum . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55366a7d572389fc977b3472d8854629", "text": "Revolution Radio Tour The Revolution Radio Tour is a concert tour by American punk rock band Green Day in support of the group 's twelfth studio album , Revolution Radio . The tour is currently set to have 112 dates in North America , Europe , Australia , and New Zealand from September 2016 through November 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971e5f6797ce441932a881cbb185cf67", "text": "The Joshua Tree The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno , and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records . In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release , The Unforgettable Fire , the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree . The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music , and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery , it contrasts the group 's antipathy for the `` real America '' with their fascination with the `` mythical America '' . Inspired by American tour experiences , literature , and politics , U2 chose America as a theme for the record . Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland , and to foster a relaxed , creative atmosphere , the group primarily recorded in two houses . Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album , including the band 's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International , the death of roadie Greg Carroll , and lead vocalist Bono 's travels to Central America . Recording was completed in November 1986 ; additional production continued into January 1987 . Throughout the sessions , U2 sought a `` cinematic '' quality for the record , one that would evoke a sense of location , in particular , the open spaces of the United States . They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes . The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim , topped the charts in over 20 countries , and became the fastest-selling album in British history . According to Rolling Stone , the album increased the band 's stature `` from heroes to superstars '' . It produced the hit singles `` With or Without You '' , `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' , and `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , the first two of which became the group 's only number-one singles in the US . The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988 . The group supported the record with the Joshua Tree Tour throughout 1987 . Frequently featured on critics ' lists of the greatest records , The Joshua Tree is one of the world 's best-selling albums , with over 25 million copies sold . U2 commemorated the record 's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release , and its 30th anniversary with announcements of an anniversary concert tour and reissue . In 2014 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the US Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" } ]	fever
57375776508c6a5d1ce35b85b2d85b8d	Laadla was released on April 17 1994.	[ { "docid": "112db07b814e57b51ce110342e0a882d", "text": "Laadla (1994 film) Laadla ( translation : The Beloved Son ) is a Bollywood film released on 17 April 1994 , starring Sridevi , Anil Kapoor and Raveena Tandon . The film was notable because Divya Bharti was to star as the lead role Sheetal , filming most of the film . However , due to her untimely death in 1993 , Laadla was re-filmed with Sridevi in the lead role . Footage of late Divya Bharti as Sheetal is available on the internet . Laadla is the remake of Rajkumar 's blockbuster Kannada movie called Anuraga Aralithu ( 1986 ) . Laadla was a Box Office Hit dominated by Sridevi 's presence who was quite a big star at that time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ff336a2fa94342868fe216d1ca3c7577", "text": "Blaz4me Blaz4me is the second album by Natas , released on January 8 , 1994 . Allrovi reviewer Jason Birchmeier wrote `` like the Bomb Squad 's collage-like approach on It Takes a Nation to Hold Us Back and Dr. Dre 's neo-P-Funk sound on The Chronic , Esham crafts a particular aesthetic by endlessly raiding his record collection in classic postmodern fashion . Still , even if he unethically creates an innovative-for-its-time sound that merges Funkadelic guitar distortion with hard mid - '80s Def Jam-like beats , the often ridiculous lyrics ruin whatever validity the music may have . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278579c998a903369f5a292ddd46a14e", "text": "Vijaypath Vijaypath ( Path of Victory ) is a 1994 Bollywood action drama film starring Ajay Devgan , Tabu and Danny Denzongpa . The film was one of the hits of 1994 in India mainly due to its soundtrack composed by Anu Malik which became an instant superhit . Divya Bharti was originally meant to be the female lead but was replaced by Tabu after her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2ca512edd92ee289172a16208cbec4", "text": "Nayakan Nayakan ( The Hero ) , also spelt Nayagan , is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language crime-drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam and starring Kamal Haasan . It is loosely based on the real-life Bombay underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar , and sympathetically depicts the struggle of South Indians living in Bombay ( now Mumbai ) . The film also stars Saranya Ponvannan in her film debut . Karthika , Nassar , Janagaraj , Delhi Ganesh and Tinnu Anand play significant roles . The soundtrack and score of the film were composed by Ilaiyaraaja and was met with a successful response after release . The film has been inspired from Francis Ford Coppola 's 1972 film The Godfather . Principal photography commenced in November 1986 with test shoots featuring Haasan . The film was released on 21 October 1987 on the occasion of Diwali and received critical acclaim worldwide . Kamal Haasan 's performance as Velu Nayakan earned him the National Film Award for Best Actor . The film also earned the National Awards for Best Cinematography ( P. C. Sriram ) and Best Art Direction ( Thotta Tharani ) . The film was India 's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1988 at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not nominated . In 2005 , the magazine TIME included Nayagan in its list of `` All-Time 100 Best Films '' . The film was also included in The Moving Arts Film Journals list of greatest films of all time . Nayagan was also included in NDTV 's list `` India 's 20 greatest films '' . CNN-IBN included the film in its list of `` 100 greatest Indian films of all time '' . The film was dubbed in Telugu under the title Nayakudu . It was also remade in Hindi as Dayavan in 1988 starring Vinod Khanna . A Hindi dub of the film was released in 1999 as Velu Nayakan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b7c1f9f801ec4d8fd85bf1979ce4e8", "text": "April (1961 film) April ( -LSB- აპრილი , Aprili -RSB- , -LSB- Апрель , Aprel -RSB- ) is a short romance-drama film written and directed by Otar Iosseliani . The film was produced in 1961 in Iosseliani 's early period while still in his native Georgia . The film was screened out of competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "472ef1d07609e65797c9faaf48449621", "text": "Kasthuri Maan Kasthuri Maan is a 2005 Tamil film directed by Malayalam director A. K. Lohithadas . The film , a remake of the director 's own Malayalam film of same name , and his only Tamil project till date , stars Prasanna and Meera Jasmine , who reprised her role from the original . It also features Shammi Thilakan , Sarath Babu , V. M. C. Haneefa , Bharathi Kannan , Pawan , Vinodini and Suja . Kasthuri Maan 's story revolves around a young college girl who helps her lover realize his dream of becoming an IAS officer amidst her own problems . The film released during Diwali 2005 and was positively received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ffe634cb8b96a42c859e56a0f8c878f", "text": "Yaad Rakhegi Duniya Yaad Rakhegi Duniya is a 1992 Bollywood romantic comedy film directed by Deepak Anand on his debut . Starring Aditya Pancholi and Rukhsar , it premiered on 1 March 1992 in Mumbai . It is a remake of Telugu blockbuster Geethanjali directed by Mani Ratnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae8d4ddc79b46ff339a513aed78c0fe0", "text": "Muthu Kaalai Muthu Kaalai is a 1995 Tamil drama film directed by Gokula Krishnan . The film features Karthik and Soundarya in lead roles . The film , produced by Raadhika Reddy , had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja and was released on 24 February 1995 to above average reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b2ec2c2e7ea758344a76d13b02f6421", "text": "Vaddu Bava Thappu Vaddu Bava Thappu ( English : No Brother-in-law it 's Wrong ) is a 1994 Telugu , comedy film produced by P.Purshothama Rao , C.Kalyan on Sri Ammulya Art Productions banner and directed by K.Ajay Kumar . Starring Rajendra Prasad , Ravali , Indraja in the lead roles and music composed by Vidyasagar . The film is the remake of the Marathi film Kiss Bai Kiss ( 1988 ) which was first remade in Hindi as Honeymoon ( 1992 ) . The film recorded as flop at box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "072209d574eb24bfd21e8548db7586c1", "text": "Kramgoa låtar 11 Kramgoa låtar 11 is a 1983 Vikingarna studio album . The album was rereleased to CD in 1988 . and 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "512e48396500e085146efa4a1b2626c3", "text": "Sing It To You (Lavinia Jones song) `` Sing It To You ( Dee-Doob-Dee-Doo ) '' is a 1994 single by South-African singer Lavinia Jones . This is also her debut-single and was released under Virgin Schallplatten GmbH , after 5 years searching for the right producer to release the track . It peaked on number 7 in Austria , number 45 in UK and on number 52 ( with 19 weeks on the charts ) in Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "636f57efe1511150cb7483c816c2e1b4", "text": "Gadibidi Aliya Gadibidi Aliya is a 1995 Indian Kannada comedy drama film , directed by Sai Prakash and produced by K. Raghava Rao . This film stars Shivrajkumar in a dual role , Malashri and Mohini in the lead roles whilst Jayamala and Srinath play other pivotal roles . The original score and soundtrack was composed by Koti for the lyrics of R. N. Jayagopal . The film is a remake of Telugu film Allari Alludu ( 1993 ) , starring Akkineni Nagarjuna , Meena and Nagma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e930962f759a02366c1e505a0186bb0a", "text": "Dhadkan (1946 film) Dhadkan is a Bollywood film . It was released in 1946 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df159dbd0bef491b9736c9095d44fa36", "text": "Aditya Pancholi Aditya Pancholi ( born Nirmal Pancholi , 12 September 1965 ) is an Indian film actor , producer and playback singer who appears in Bollywood films . He started his career as a lead actor but found more success with supporting and negative roles and received a Filmfare nomination for the Best Performance in a Negative Role for Yes Boss ( 1997 ) . Pancholi began his career with television movies produced by Nari Hira and ventured into mainstream Bollywood cinema with Sasti Dulhan Mehnga Dulha ( 1986 ) . Pancholi first came to limelight with an important role in Maha-Sangram ( 1990 ) . He had the peak of his career between the late 1980s and early 1990s . He initially gave critically acclaimed performances as a lead actor in films like Kab Tak Chup Rahungi ( 1988 ) , Qatil ( 1988 ) , Kahan Hai Kanoon ( 1989 ) , Sailaab ( 1990 ) , Laal Paree ( 1991 ) , Naamcheen ( 1991 ) , Yaad Rakhegi Duniya ( 1992 ) , Chor Aur Chaand ( 1993 ) and Surakshaa ( 1995 ) but failed to find commercial success . His biggest commercial success as a lead actor and his most well-known performance was in Mahesh Bhatt 's Saathi ( 1991 ) . After failing to make a mark as a lead actor , Pancholi became a supporting actor in multi-starrer movies like Ladaai ( 1988 ) , Jaadugar ( 1989 ) , Aatish : Feel the Fire ( 1994 ) and Aankhen ( 2002 ) and became synonymous for negative roles in movies like Awwal Number ( 1990 ) , Jung ( 1996 ) , Khilona ( 1996 ) , Yes Boss ( 1997 ) , Hameshaa ( 1997 ) , Jung ( 2000 ) and Musafir ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8513cb47860d34d0ac4f1de020e108c", "text": "Minnaram Minnaram ( Lighthouse / Beacon ) is a 1994 Indian Malayalam musical romantic drama film written and directed by Priyadarshan from a story by Cheriyan Kalpakavadi . The film stars Mohanlal , Shobana , Thilakan , Sankaradi , K. P. Ummer , Jagathy Sreekumar , Geetha Vijayan , Venu Nagavally , and Lalu Alex. It was produced by R. Mohan for Goodknight Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "252b38d43029f7be6d69d929c0c45ce7", "text": "Dadha Dadha is a 1994 Indian Malayalam film , directed by PG Vishwambharan , starring Babu Antony and Charmila in the lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cf12a438949983aa3f2f247ae413f87", "text": "Chanakya Soothrangal Chanakya Soothrangal is a 1994 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Somanathan , starring Nedumudi Venu and Menaka Sureshkumar in the lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e085c0835295b9d48a46345df7de559f", "text": "National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer The National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India since 1968 to a female playback singer for the best renditions of songs from soundtracks within the Indian film industry . Throughout the years , accounting for ties and repeat winners , the Government of India has presented a total of 45 Best Female Playback Singer awards to 23 different female playback singers . Until 1974 , winners of the National Film Award received a commemorative plaque and certificate ; since 1975 , they have been awarded with a `` Rajat Kamal '' ( silver lotus ) , certificate and a cash prize that amounted to in 2013 . The first recipient was P. Susheela , who was honoured at the 16th National Film Award ( 1968 ) for her renditions from the Tamil film Uyarntha Manithan . The singer who won the most number of Rajat Kamal awards is K. S. Chithra with six wins , followed by P. Susheela with five . As of 2013 , two singers -- S. Janaki and Shreya Ghoshal -- have won the award four times , and two -- Lata Mangeshkar and Vani Jairam -- have won it thrice . The award has been won twice by Asha Bhosle , Alka Yagnik and Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar . S. Janaki , K. S. Chithra , and Shreya Ghoshal have won the award for their renditions in three different languages . Shreya Ghoshal is the sole recipient of the award for two different songs in the same year in two different languages . Uthara Unnikrishnan is the youngest winner , picking up the award at the age of 10 for the rendition of a song from the Tamil film Saivam ( 2014 ) . No award was given for this category in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9035ee2c27304e87595cbfa85514ecf3", "text": "Kramgoa låtar 17 Kramgoa låtar 17 is a 1989 studio album by Vikingarna .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3ed216f96338a94494b7b69c53ac90f7	The Fosters is a thriller series.	[ { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ee9ecb3b21e407d5b213cbf0f9d91c36", "text": "Nightmares (novel series) Nightmares was a novel series of young adult horror fiction that began in 1992 and published until 1996 , running alongside other well-known young adult horror series such as Point Horror and Fear Street . The series was published by HarperCollins ( UK ) under their `` Lions '' imprint , and these books are often listed under either as publisher . Many of these books were published in other formats , either before or after their appearance in this series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d30ad1242317a1d979e4006c369881", "text": "Michael Foster (writer) Michael Foster ( 1904-1956 ) was an American novelist , journalist , screenwriter and cartoonist . Foster , who was born August 29 , 1904 , in Hardy , Arkansas , was a graduate of the Chicago Art Institute and became a reporter and cartoonist for newspapers in Salina , Kansas , Los Angeles , California , and , by 1937 , Seattle , Washington . His nickname was `` Gully . '' In 1926 , he was working on the Los Angeles Express , a daily newspaper . A friend , Charles Harris Garrigues , wrote that Foster <blockquote> writes , paints , and has been called the second most promising of the young poets in America by the Lit Dig -LSB- Literary Digest '' ' -RSB- -- does n't know one note of music from another and improvises the most beautiful piano music ... He roomed down at the house for a while until we had a fight over a novel he 's writing and then he moved out -- went on a three weeks ' drunk and only started back to work when I threatened to knock his block off if he did n't . </blockquote> Foster 's first novel , Forgive Adam , was published in 1935 by W. Morrow and Co. . Margaret Wallace of the New York Times said of the author : Michael Foster , a young newspaper man on the Pacific Coast , is the newest recruit to the ranks of the hard-boiled novelists . In the brief declarative sentences of his prose style , in his method of consistent understatement , in his attitude of weary and rather self-conscious disillusionment , he has aligned himself with the school of Hemingway and his imitators . The second novel , American Dream , came in 1937 . American Dream told the story of `` a disillusioned newspaperman who discovers through old family letters what America meant to the writers and what America should mean to him . Several scenes are reminiscent of the tawdry political atmosphere rendered in Ben Hecht 's and Charles MacArthur 's 1928 play , The Front Page . '' . Los Angeles Times reviewer Milton Merlin said that the work was : not an entirely satisfying novel , but it is an ambitious enterprise and an exceptionally compelling story told with feeling and facility ... . Foster , a Seattle reporter , chooses a member of his profession for his central figure . Shelby Thrall , a disillusioned idealist at 30 , reviews three generations of Thralls in an attempt to recapture the meaning of the `` American Dream . '' Shelby 's recollections , stirred by a pile of old , crumbling letters in the attic , cover a span of three generations ... Two books followed -- To Remember at Midnight ( 1938 ) and House Above the River ( 1946 ) . About his final book , The Dusty Godmother ( 1949 ) . reviewer A.C. Spectorsky wrote in the New York Times that Foster had expanded a slick-magazine short story into a light novel which disappoints largely because it has frequent and unfulfilled intimations and overtones of being far more than just that . Garrigues wrote in 1957 after Foster 's death that when Foster `` had done penance to his father by The American Dream , '' he had done all he had to do ... . he had written himself out when he made peace with his father , who was dead ; after that , he drank himself to death trying to find something that was not in him . '' Foster died on March 25 , 1956 , in California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbc27203b040f67435e72c00150fd9ff", "text": "Night Terrors (Doctor Who) `` Night Terrors '' is the ninth episode of the sixth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , and was first broadcast on BBC One and BBC America on 3 September 2011 . It was written by Mark Gatiss and directed by Richard Clark . In the episode , alien time traveller the Doctor ( Matt Smith ) and his companions Amy Pond ( Karen Gillan ) and Rory ( Arthur Darvill ) decide to make a `` house call '' to an eight-year-old boy named George ( Jamie Oram ) who is terrified of almost everything , and especially dreads the cupboard in his bedroom . While the Doctor discusses this with George 's father Alex ( Daniel Mays ) , Amy and Rory become trapped in a doll house with terrifying life-size peg dolls . `` Night Terrors '' was inspired by Gatiss 's fear of dolls , and the ones in the episode were designed to be scary and crude-looking . The episode was moved from the first half of the series to the second , which necessitated changes to make it fit into the series ' story arc . It was the first to be filmed , with production taking place in September 2010 at a council estate in Redcliffe , Bristol and at Dyrham Park , where the doll 's house interior scenes were filmed . The episode was watched by 7.07 million viewers in the UK and received generally positive to mixed reviews from critics , though some were critical of how it fitted into the overarching story as it came after a heavy story-arc episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd43d30f73f1f1e2caae0ce42d996a02", "text": "Barrel children Barrel children are children who are abandoned or `` left behind '' by their parents who are seeking a better life abroad . Dr. Claudette Crawford-Brown , the University of the West Indies academic who first described the phenomenon of barrel children , defines `` barrel children '' as those children who , while waiting in the Caribbean to migrate to their parents in the metropoles of North America and the United Kingdom , receive material resources in the form of food and clothing in lieu of direct care . Dr. Crawford-Brown , in her publication Who will save our children : The plight of the Jamaican child in the nineties , showed that these children have surrogate parents who are often unable to give them the emotional support and nurturance that they need , most of these children may be instead raised by grandparents or close relatives . The impact on these children of this type of neglect includes a range of emotional and behavioural problems including run-away behaviour , withdrawal , depression , and , in some cases , acting-out behaviour . The Trinidad and Tobago News said that for `` barrel children the psychological scars have been great and have been troubling factors unto the second , third and fourth generations . '' The Wellcome Trust discussed barrel children in an article focusing on violence in the Caribbean while it was the title and subject of a short film by Cara Elmslie Weir about a Trinidadian family split by migration , the parents `` sending barrels full of material goods '' from the U.S.A. to their children in Trinidad . UNICEF in Jamaica agreed that `` Migration of parents who seek more lucrative employment abroad has had a negative impact on Jamaican children . Some children are left in the care of strangers , neighbours or even older siblings who are still children . These so-called `` barrel children '' are left without parental guidance or adult supervision and with access to significant material resources in the form of cash remittances and barrels of clothing and toys sent by absentee parents . '' It has also been discussed in Caribbean Studies Journals , conferences on the Caribbean , the Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Newsday . Discussing absent parents The Trinidad Guardian noted that `` At holiday time , they ship their barrels of love , disguised as brand-name sneakers and clothing , believing that these would make their children happy and make up for them being not around . But the fact remains that children are deprived of the real love of their parents . '' An article published in Newsweek by Brook Larmar entitled the `` Barrel Children '' dramatised the problem in its effects on one particular family . `` The cardboard barrel has been sitting empty in Marsha Flowers 's backyard for more than a month now , but the Jamaican teenager hangs onto it as though it were a sacred totem . And in a way , it is . Five years after her mother immigrated to the United States , leaving Marsha and two sisters to fend for themselves in a Kingston slum , the barrel is one of the few tangible signs of her mother 's love - and of her own frustrated desires . '' Blogs also exist highlighting the experiences of barrel children . Memories of a Caribbean Barrel Child was created by Dr. Anthony Salandy ( a native of Trinidad and Tobago ) to shed light of the experiences and outcomes associated with being a barrel child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0890c02243a1e93d13b5f3ebfe05a0", "text": "List of The Fosters episodes The Fosters is an American drama series on Freeform ( then known as ABC Family ) that premiered on June 3 , 2013 . The series follows the lives of Lena Adams ( Sherri Saum ) and Stef Foster ( Teri Polo ) , the Fosters , who are an interracial , lesbian couple living in the Mission Bay area of San Diego , raising Stef 's biological son , Brandon ( David Lambert ) , along with adopted twins , Jesus ( Jake T. Austin/Noah Centineo ) and Mariana ( Cierra Ramirez ) . Lena is a charter school vice principal and Stef is a police officer . Lena decides to take in `` troubled '' teenager Callie ( Maia Mitchell ) and her younger brother Jude ( Hayden Byerly ) , who have endured a series of abusive foster homes . The show resumed its second season on January 19 , 2015 . The series was renewed for a third season on January 13 . The third season began on June 8 , 2015 , with the second half premiering on January 25 , 2016 on Freeform . On November 30 , 2015 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fourth season , which premiered on June 20 , 2016 . The second half of the fourth season premiered on January 31 , 2017 , replacing the timeslot for Pretty Little Liars . On January 10 , 2017 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fifth season , which will start airing on July 11 , 2017 . As of April 11 , 2017 , 82 episodes of The Fosters have aired , concluding the fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17a24a7feb32b6243ae2f7bf80bcd18", "text": "Those Who Kill Those Who Kill ( Den som dræber ) is a Danish crime TV series from 2011 , which follows a fictitious unit within Copenhagen Police which specialises in investigating serial murders . The series was aired as five two-part stories in Denmark ( i.e. ten episodes in total ) , but has aired as five feature-length episodes in most other countries . A separate 92 minutes feature film , Fortidens skygge , which forms a continuation and ending of the series , premiered in Danish cinemas on 15 March 2012 , and is being aired as a final , sixth episode of the series in many other countries , such as the UK and Germany . The series is created and written by Elsebeth Egholm and Stefan Jaworski , with various other screenwriters helping out as episode writers , among them Siv Rajendram , Rikke De Fine Licht and Morten Dragsted . Directors have been Birger Larsen , Niels Nørløv and Kasper Barfoed . The series is a Danish-German-Swedish-Norwegian co-production . Although originally planned to run for several seasons , Danish TV2 announced in October 2011 that there would be no further seasons made , due to falling viewer shares after the first few episodes . TV2 programming manager Keld Reinicke stated that , `` We have no plans to continue the series as it never gave us the audience share we expected in Denmark . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea10774d2b029ccd7185e77152466ae", "text": "Foster (film) Foster ( also known as Angel in the House ) is a 2011 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonathan Newman , based on his 2005 short film . Part of it was shot at Legoland Windsor in April 2010 . The film stars Golden Globe winner Toni Collette , Ioan Gruffudd , Richard E. Grant , BAFTA Award winner Hayley Mills and Maurice Cole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900194fffb77767792d39fdd39c71bf9", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs . A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efa7de58fa0cd9a790bd0743472d8d3d", "text": "Ward (law) In law , a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian . The wardship jurisdiction is an ancient jurisdiction derived from the Crown 's duty as parens patriae to protect his/her subject , and particularly those unable to look after themselves . In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms , the Queen as parens patriae is mother for all the children in her realms . A court may take responsibility for the legal protection of an individual , usually either a child or incapacitated person , in which case the ward is known as a ward of the court or a ward of the state . However , the House of Lords in the case of Re F ( Mental Patient : Sterilisation ) held that the Queen has no parens patriae jurisdiction with regard to mentally handicapped adults . In Australia , New Zealand and the United States , the child is termed a ward of the court . In Ireland and the United Kingdom `` the '' is not used ; the ward is thus termed a ward of court . In Canada the legal term is Crown ward . Children who are in the custody of government departments , also known as foster care , become wards of the respective government entity , and in the US wards of the states in which they reside . The government or state is in loco parentis to the child , which generally entails assuming all lawful authority to make medical and legal decisions on the child 's behalf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "008a1b3ebb4a9a4fcdfb7ba440e4fc80", "text": "The Seekers (novel) The Seekers is a historical novel written by John Jakes and originally published in 1975 . It is book three in a series known as the Kent Family Chronicles or the American Bicentennial Series . The novel mixes fictional characters with historical events and figures , as it narrates the story of the United States of America from 1794 through 1814 . In 1979 , the novel was made into a television film by Operation Prime Time and premiered on HBO on July 8 , 1979 , The Seekers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "574cf4362879c4fb07625c62a7f2d804", "text": "The Protectors (Danish TV series) The Protectors ( Livvagterne ) is a Danish crime TV series from 2009 that follows the police bodyguard squad P.E.T. ( Politiets Efterretningstjeneste ) , which is in charge of protecting VIPs , including Danish royalty and politicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a9c434a7164f2c14cd2f7663f0388b", "text": "Ben Foster (disambiguation) Ben Foster ( born 1980 ) is an American actor . Ben Foster may also refer to : Ben Foster ( footballer ) ( born 1983 ) , English goalkeeper Ben Foster ( orchestrator ) , British composer , orchestrator and conductor Ben Foster ( director ) ( born 1984 ) , American director , editor , producer and composer Ben Weasel ( born Ben Foster , 1968 ) , American author and member of punk rock band Screeching Weasel", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d763240410adc4b7e91b929035503a48", "text": "Mind Games (TV series) Mind Games is an American drama television series created by Kyle Killen that aired on ABC . The show is about two brothers who run a problem solving firm called Edwards And Associates that employs solutions based on psychological manipulation . It premiered on February 25 , 2014 , and was canceled on March 27 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9bb9dd7073b169aebc14dbefc640cca", "text": "Paranoid (TV series) Paranoid is a British crime drama which began broadcasting on ITV , on 22 September 2016 , and streaming internationally on Netflix , in 2016 . The eight-part series focuses on a group of detectives working for the fictional Woodmere police , in the UK , who are attempting to solve the murder of a physician who is stabbed in a children 's playground . During the course of their investigation , the detectives discover the murder has links to a pharmaceutical company based in Germany , and they enlist the help of their German colleagues in Düsseldorf to find the killer . Indira Varma , Robert Glenister , and Dino Fetscher star as main protagonists DS Nina Suresh , DC Bobby Day , and DC Alec Wayfield , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ec97a8d2d24cfb5482419c274f26eeb", "text": "Moon Over Miami (TV series) Moon Over Miami is an American drama and crime series that aired on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74698863dd95e34b584d210fa5a27623", "text": "Instinct (2017 TV series) Instinct is an upcoming American drama television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb968b6414b25544ac59c5061c4f44bf", "text": "Foster care in Australia Home-based care , which includes foster care , is provided to children who are in need of care and protection . Children and young people are provided with alternative accommodation while they are unable to live with their parents . As well as foster care , this can include placements with relatives or kin , and residential care . In most cases , children in home-based care are also on a care and protection order . In some cases children are placed in home-based care following a child protection substantiation and where they are found to be in need of a safer and more stable environment . In other situations parents may be incapable of providing adequate care for the child , or accommodation may be needed during times of family conflict or crisis . In the significant number of cases substance abuse is a major contributing factor . `` Respite care '' is a type of foster care that is used to provide short-term ( and often regular ) accommodation for children whose parents are ill or unable to care for them on a temporary basis . It is also used to provide a break for the parent or primary carer to hopefully decrease the chances of the situation escalating to one which would lead to the removal of the child ( ren ) . As with the majority of child protection services , states and territories are responsible for funding home-based care . Non-government organizations are widely used , however . In June 2006 , there were 25,454 children in out-of-home care in Australia . This compares to 23,695 children in 2005 , an increase of 7 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3704737296bf600cd74fda24ed7272", "text": "The Secret (TV series) The Secret is a 2016 Northern Irish ITV mini-series based on Let This Be Our Secret , Belfast journalist Deric Henderson 's account of the double murder of Lesley Howell and Constable Trevor Buchanan , whose bodies were discovered in a fume-filled car in the garage of a property in Castlerock , County Londonderry , in Northern Ireland in May 1991 . The drama stars James Nesbitt as killer dentist Colin Howell , is written by BAFTA-winning writer Stuart Urban and is directed by Nick Murphy . The producer is Jonathan Curling , and the executive producers are Hat Trick Productions ' Mark Redhead and Stuart Urban . It was broadcast from 29 April to 20 May 2016 in four episodes . The production was criticised by Howell 's daughter , for the portrayal of her mother , and for ` exploiting a tragedy ' . The drama was BAFTA nominated as Best Drama Miniseries . It won the Royal Television Society award for Best Drama , Northern Ireland and was nominated at The Broadcast Awards as Best Drama .", "title": "" } ]	fever
fadc7e0fb9d51d5e84f7abbdea0f7f1c	Laurie Hernandez is an American artistic Olympic gymnast.	[ { "docid": "20900e2fbbe7721d92d7319ed18ee24e", "text": "Laurie Hernandez Lauren Zoe `` Laurie '' Hernandez ( born June 9 , 2000 ) is an American artistic gymnast . She competed as a member of the U.S. women 's gymnastics team at the 2016 Summer Olympics , winning gold in the team event and silver on the balance beam . In 2016 , Hernandez won season 23 of Dancing with the Stars with partner Val Chmerkovskiy .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9d02ca44b07437031a8b046ca177e025", "text": "Melanie Taylor Kent Melanie Taylor Kent is an American artist . Born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , she was raised and has spent most of her life in Southern California . She won her first National Art Competition at age 12 . She graduated from the UCLA School of Art and taught art in the Los Angeles City Schools . In 1980 she started her own publishing company and has published a series of art chronicling America by depicting famous streets and famous events . Her artwork has been licensed to Warner Bros. , The Walt Disney Corporation and Hanna-Barbera . Kent 's serigraphs are noted for the personalities that challenge collectors to identify them . She was the first artist to be licensed by the Walt Disney Company to portray Disney theme parks in limited edition prints and has been selected as the official artist of the LA Dodgers and the 30th anniversary of Dodger Stadium . She was selected as the official artist of the 50th anniversary of `` The Wizard of Oz '' , the 15th anniversary of `` Star Wars '' and the 10th anniversary of `` E.T. '' . Her depiction of the 1984 Olympics , `` Let the Games Begin '' , was licensed by the US Olympic Committee . Most of Kent 's limited edition works are done as serigraphs , using as many as 200 separate color plates and heavy , acid free archival papers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47b3ea0af17e408d0dfd3eca5896b8e6", "text": "Grazia Verzasconi Grazia Verzasconi ( March 14 , 1962 ) is a Swiss rhythmic gymnast . Verzasconi competed for Switzerland in the rhythmic gymnastics individual all-around competition at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . There she was 14th in the preliminary ( qualification ) round and advanced to the final of 20 competitors . In the end she finished in the 16th place overall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ed46422bc89c83d53a46614857ff554", "text": "Marble Season Marble Season is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Gilbert Hernandez , published by Drawn and Quarterly in 2013 . The story is set in the 1960s and focuses on Huey , the middle of three Mexican-American brothers . It deals with typical childhood concerns , such as the games they play , the groups they belong to , and obsessions with pop culture . As in the Peanuts comic strip , adults are always outside the panels . Much as in Hernandez 's Palomar stories , the narrative wanders in and out of various threads and frequently shifts focus between scenes and characters . The artwork is simple , and the story unfolds in a grid of six panels to the page . In contrast to the sexually explicit , violent work on which his reputation rests , Hernandez wanted to create a book that was appropriate for young readers , and drew much of the narrative from his own childhood memories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e935f00a5547baa9ecc46bbc4bf17878", "text": "Joseph Hagerty Joseph `` Joe '' Hagerty ( born April 19 , 1982 in Albuquerque , New Mexico ) is an American artistic gymnast . He is the 2008 U.S. national champion on the horizontal bar and the 2008 all-around bronze medalist . He was a member of the bronze medal-winning 2008 U.S. Olympic team . A native of Rio Rancho , New Mexico , Hagerty was coached by Ed Burch , owner of Gold Cup Gymnastics in Albuquerque , NM . Hagerty trained at the U.S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs , Colorado . In March 2011 , Hagerty announced his retirement from gymnastics . He is now currently performing as one of the Tumble Monkeys in the Festival of the Lion King at Disney 's Animal Kingdom in Walt Disney World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4faf0153c258c06a8cf0805a88a28aeb", "text": "Ron Kaplan Ron Kaplan ( רון קפלן ; born May 1 , 1970 ) is an Israeli former Olympic gymnast . A four-time national champion , he won a gold medal for Israel in the 1989 Maccabiah Games . He also competed for Israel in two European Men 's Artistic Gymnastics Championships , as well as four World Artistic Gymnastics Championships , and represented Israel at the 1992 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "489030ca6f6f06e4d0bd700001171790", "text": "Regla Hernández Regla Hernández ( born 27 April 1968 ) is a Cuban former basketball player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c560fb83adc9b4d11933b5a742fbbd3", "text": "1998 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 1998 NCAA Women 's Gymnastics championship involved 12 schools competing for the national championship of women 's NCAA Division I gymnastics . It was the seventeenth NCAA gymnastics national championship and the defending NCAA Team Champion for 1997 was UCLA . The competition took place in Los Angeles , California , hosted by UCLA in the Pauley Pavilion . The 1998 Championship was won by Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f19d75a75de13e8dda7176c2e28b0e6", "text": "Laurie Lea Schaefer Laurel Lea Schaefer ( born May 21,1949 in Bexley , Ohio , U.S. ) was Miss America 1972 . A native of Bexley , Ohio , Schaefer received a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University in June 1971 . Three months later she won the Miss America Pageant . After Miss America , Laurel effectively parlayed her theatre arts and music degree into an extensive and varied entertainment career . Her training afforded her opportunities as a leading lady to notables such as : Howard Keel , John Davidson , Peter Marshall , Ed Ames , Joe Namath , Giorgio Tozzi , and Gorden MacRae . This reflect such productions as ; `` The Music Man '' , `` The Sound of Music '' , `` Camelot '' , `` South Pacific '' , `` Showboat '' , `` My Fair Lady '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Hello Dolly '' , `` Carousel '' , `` The King and I '' , `` Guys and Dolls '' , `` Anything Goes '' , `` Under the Yum-Yum Tree '' , `` Star-Spangled Girl '' , and `` Plaza Suite '' . Laurel 's television work includes a recurring role on `` Falcon Crest '' and guest starring roles on `` Matlock '' , `` L.A. Law '' , `` Quantum Leap '' , `` Love Boat '' , `` Three 's Company '' , `` Rockford Files '' . She is often recognized for her work in TV commercials and for a short time , she represented Campbell 's soup . Laurel 's vocal career saw her performing the National Anthem at the Inaugural Concert for President Richard M. Nixon , headlining the Miss America USO Tour to Viet Nam and Thailand , entertaining on cruises with a one-woman show and touring `` Capturing the Heart of Gershwin '' Anniversary Concert where she received critical acclaim for vocal solos ranging from swing to blues to light opera . For twenty-five years Laurel has worked as a commercial casting director and is owner of Creative Casting Services and is also a well-respected nationwide talent scout . In 1974 Laurel established Schaefer Consultants where she serves as a personal imaging and entertainment career consultant . Laurel is a published author and is highly sought after as a keynote speaker , corporate spokesperson , and infomercial host and media presenter . Miss Schaefer is the recipient of many awards including The American Academy of Achievement - Gold Plate Award , Outstanding Alumni Award ( Ohio University ) , Tom Dooley Humanitarian Award , New Jersey and Ohio `` Woman of the Year '' Award , Ohio Governor 's Award , Bexley Alumni Association-Significant Achievement Award , President 's Award for Leadership from Zonta International and a listing in Who 's Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a5032c07cc0559a6bd22349c461f04f", "text": "Salvador Hernández Salvador Hernández Mondragón ( born December 31 , 1973 ) is an athlete and Paralympian from Morelia , Michoacán , Mexico competing mainly in category T51/T52 wheelchair racing events . He competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta , United States . There he finished seventh in the men 's 1500 metres T51 event , finished seventh in the men 's 100 metres T51 event , finished fifth in the men 's 200 metres T51 event , finished fourth in the men 's 400 metres T51 event , finished eighth in the men 's 800 metres T51 event and finished tenth in the men 's 800 metres T51 event . He also competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney , Australia having been reclassified as a T52 athlete . He won a gold medal in the men 's 200 metres T52 event , a gold medal in the men 's 400 metres T52 event and a silver medal in the men 's 100 metres T52 event . He also competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens , Greece. , a gold medal in the men 's 100 metres T52 event , a silver medal in the men 's 200 metres T52 event and finished sixth in the men 's 400 metres T52 event . He competed in his fourth Paralympics in 2008 in Beijing , China . There he finished fourth in the men 's 100 metres T52 event , finished seventh in the men 's 200 metres T52 event and finished sixteenth in the men 's 400 metres T52 event . In Rio 2016 he earned bronze medal in the 100 T52 final . Then he failed to reach the 400 meters final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35f85043f5e24e830b76249c778768fe", "text": "Shayla Worley Shayla Worley ( born September 2 , 1990 ) is an American artistic gymnast . She was a member of the gold-medal-winning American team at the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships . She trained for most of her athletic career at Orlando Metro Gymnastics , where she was coached by Jeff Wood and Christi Barineau . From 2009 to 2013 , she competed at the University of Georgia , the 10-time NCAA champion in gymnastics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad148b6f3f968270f3be513b5765b4a1", "text": "Mexico at the 2004 Summer Olympics Mexico competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 . This was the nation 's twentieth appearance at the Olympics , since its debut in 1900 . Comité Olímpico Mexicano sent the nation 's largest delegation to the Games since 1992 . A total of 109 athletes , 59 men and 50 women , competed in 20 sports . Football was the only team-based sport in which Mexico had its representation in these Olympic Games . There was only a single competitor in fencing , shooting , and weightlifting . The Mexican team featured three Olympic medalists from Sydney : race walker Noé Hernández , taekwondo jin Víctor Estrada , and diver Fernando Platas , who reprised his role to carry the national flag for the second time in the opening ceremony , after winning the silver in men 's springboard . Along with Platas , race walkers Miguel Ángel Rodríguez and Germán Sánchez officially made their fourth Olympic appearance as the most experienced members of the team . Meanwhile , show jumper Gerardo Tazzer , who helped the Mexicans claim the bronze at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , sought his fourth Olympic bid in Athens after a sixteen-year absence , and was also the oldest athlete of the team at age 52 . Mexico left Athens with a total of four medals ( three silver and one bronze ) , failing to win a gold for the first time since 1996 . Half of these medals were awarded to the athletes in taekwondo . Sprinter Ana Guevara set the nation 's historical milestone as the first ever female Mexican to claim an Olympic silver medal in track and field . Meanwhile , Belem Guerrero claimed a silver for the first time in the nation 's Olympic cycling history , since the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , since José Youshimatz took home the bronze in the men 's points race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9e075f003ee344efe5ff2a6edddf3af", "text": "Anna Li Anna Li ( born September 4 , 1988 ) is an American artistic gymnast . She was an 8-time All-American gymnast while competing in the NCAA and a member of the UCLA Bruins women 's gymnastics team that won the 2010 NCAA National Championship title . She was on the US National Team in 2011 - 2012 . Her parents , Li Yuejiu and Wu Jiani were Olympic gymnasts who competed for China at the 1984 Summer Olympics and are also her coaches . She has a younger sister , Andrea , who is also a gymnast . While training as a Level 10 and Elite gymnast she attended and graduated from Waubonsie Valley High School in Aurora , Illinois . Born in Las Vegas , Nevada , Li started competing in gymnastics when she was six years old at Las Vegas Flyers . She trained in Nevada until her family moved to Illinois in 2002 . Anna qualified to the Senior Elite level in 2004 , competing the US National Championships in both 2004 and 2005 before being recruited by the UCLA Bruins . She was unable to compete for most of 2006 due to injury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "072209763cc47962ec5a27137be93a5d", "text": "Artistic gymnastics at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's artistic individual all-around The women 's artistic individual all-around competition of the gymnastics events at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games was held in July 17 -- 18 in Cartagena , Colombia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9b0258048d34d8afdd62c0bb20e26b7", "text": "Laurie Laurie may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c95ed62c7974bad7b782e0cd15d4f29c", "text": "Puerto Rico at the 2012 Summer Olympics Puerto Rico competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom from July 27 to August 12 , 2012 . This was the nation 's seventeenth consecutive appearance at the Olympics . Comité Olímpico de Puerto Rico sent a total of 25 athletes to the Games , 19 men and 6 women , to compete in 8 sports . The nation 's team size was roughly larger by three athletes from Beijing . This was also the youngest delegation in Puerto Rico 's Olympic history , with half the team under the age of 25 , and many of them were expected to reach their peak in time for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Four Puerto Rican athletes had competed in Beijing , including track star and pre-Olympic favorite Javier Culson , who held the record as the `` world 's fastest man '' in the hurdles , and later became the nation 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony . Canterbury Christ Church University had been selected as the team 's preparation base for these Olympic games . These Games tied as Puerto Rico 's most successful Olympics , winning a total of two medals , and tying the record for the most medals with Los Angeles at a single games . Javier Culson won the nation 's first ever Olympic bronze medal after 16 years in the men 's hurdles . Meanwhile , Dominican born Jaime Espinal became the first Puerto Rican athlete to claim an Olympic silver medal in men 's freestyle wrestling , and set a historic Olympic record as the nation 's second silver medalist , 28 years after Luis Ortiz had become the first .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4a4e178ce7d42b4aaaaac914a85583a", "text": "Tracey McFarlane Tracey Danielle McFarlane ( born July 20 , 1966 ) , later known by her married name Tracey Mirande , is a former competition swimmer who represented both Canada and the United States in international championships . She competed primarily in breaststroke events . McFarlane represented the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea . She won a silver medal as a member of the second-place U.S. team in the women 's 4 × 100-meter medley relay ; her silver-medal teammates included Beth Barr ( backstroke ) , Janel Jorgensen ( butterfly ) , and Mary Wayte ( freestyle ) . She held the American record in the 100-meter breaststroke from 1988 to 1992 . She attended the University of Texas , and swam for the Texas Longhorns swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) competition . She was inducted into the university 's Athletics Hall of Fame in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31df731805e1a15d7de2b56cd0b74d98", "text": "Denisse López Denisse López Sing ( born December 8 , 1976 , Mexicali , Baja California ) is a retired Mexican gymnast . She was the first gymnast from Mexico ever to qualify for an event final at the World Gymnastics Championships and the Olympic Games . Lopez began gymnastics at the age of seven in 1984 . By 1987 , she was competing in international meets as a junior , including the 1987 Puerto Rico Cup , where she won a bronze medal on the floor exercise . In 1990 , Lopez nearly swept the Mexican national championships , placing second in the all-around and winning the titles on the balance beam , floor exercise and vault . She represented Mexico at the 1991 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships , but placed well out of the medals on every event . Although Mexico did not qualify a full team for the 1992 Olympics , Lopez was able to compete as an individual . In the preliminary round of competition , she finished 80th in the all-around . Following a five year hiatus from the sport , Lopez made a highly successful return to competition in 1997 , winning the all-around and vault titles at the '97 Pan American Championships . Over the next three years she would become known as a vault specialist , winning gold medals on the event at the 1997 World University Games , the 1999 Gymnix International , the 2000 Pacific Alliance Championships , the 2000 Cottbus Cup and the Copa Gimnastica . Even when she did not medal , she never finished lower than sixth on vault in any competition she entered . At the 1999 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Tianjin , Lopez placed 50th in the all-around during the preliminary competition ; however , she was also ranked third on the vault , qualifying for the event finals . Her eventual sixth-place finish was the highest ever for a Mexican gymnast in a major international competition , and still stands as a record today . Lopez attended her second Olympics in 2000 in Sydney . She competed only on vault , qualifying for the event finals and finishing in eighth place ( she later moved up to seventh after Dong Fangxiao of China was disqualified for being underage ) . Lopez competed in a few meets in 2001 , including the Cottbus Cup and the French Telecom International , but was beset by injuries . She retired and , in 2002 , graduated from University with a degree in psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83b9df58336ebce3546940b816139b75", "text": "Deanne Soza Deanne Soza ( born September 24 , 2001 in Orem , Utah ) is an American artistic gymnast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0c2d94d107da60a8291a550ce142f42", "text": "Leyanet González Leyanet González Calero ( born 30 September 1978 ) is a Cuban former artistic gymnast who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics . She is one of only four female gymnasts to return to international competition after having a child , along with Larisa Latynina , Oksana Chusovitina , and Suzanne Harmes . At the 2004 Olympics , at the age of 25 , González finished 22nd in the all-around . She has one eponymous skill , an uneven bars mount . It involves a round-off back handspring onto the low bar through a handstand position . In the 2013 -- 2016 Code of Points , it is a D skill . González is now retired from gymnastics and lives in Cancún , Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c66051ebe8adbb748048dc0729f35f", "text": "Chile at the 2012 Summer Olympics Chile competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , from 27 July to 12 August 2012 . This nation has competed at every Olympic games , except the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the United States boycott . The Chile Olympic Committee ( Comité Olímpico de Chile , COCH ) sent a total of 35 athletes to the Games , 21 men and 14 women , to compete in 17 sports . There was only a single competitor in track cycling , judo , modern pentathlon , rowing , shooting , swimming and taekwondo . Among the sports played by the athletes , Chile made its Olympics debut in artistic gymnastics and Greco-Roman wrestling . The Chilean team featured six athletes who competed at their fourth Olympics : archer Denisse van Lamoen , épée fencer Paris Inostroza , table tennis player Berta Rodríguez and three of its oldest members from the equestrian jumping team . Van Lamoen was also appointed by the committee to carry the nation 's flag at the opening ceremony . With poor athletic performance and the absence of tennis players in the team , Chile failed to win a single medal for the first time in Olympic history since 1996 . Gymnast Tomás González missed out on an Olympic medal in London , after finishing fourth in men 's floor and vault exercises .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8e20e3d2e4195b603e8f30a8674a5187	Harald V of Norway married a commoner named Sonja Haraldsen.	[ { "docid": "e2585998e6021fc8602ad67f1c0188e5", "text": "Harald V of Norway Harald V ( -LSB- ˈhɑrːɑɫ -RSB- ; born 21 February 1937 ) is the King of Norway , having ascended the throne following the death of his father on 17 January 1991 . Harald was the third child and only son of Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden . He was second in the line of succession at the time of his birth , behind his father . In 1940 , as a result of the German occupation during World War II , the royal family went into exile . Harald spent part of his childhood in Sweden and the United States . He returned to Norway in 1945 , and subsequently studied for periods at the University of Oslo , the Norwegian Military Academy , and Balliol College , Oxford . In 1957 , following the death of his grandfather , Haakon VII , Harald became crown prince . A keen sportsman , he represented Norway in sailing at the 1964 , 1968 , and 1972 Olympic Games , and later became patron of World Sailing . Harald married Sonja Haraldsen in 1968 , with their relationship initially being controversial due to her status as a commoner . The couple had two children , Märtha and Haakon . Harald succeeded his father as king in 1991 , with Haakon becoming his heir apparent .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2807bafffa54572f113a724089c00422", "text": "Halfdan Long-Leg Halfdan Long-Leg ( Old Norse : Hálfdan háleggur , Norwegian : Halvdan Hålegg ) was a Viking-Age warrior who lived in the latter half of the 9th century . He was the son of King Harald Fairhair and a Sami woman named Snofrid Svasadottir . Snorri Sturluson in Heimskringla states that Halfdan was one of Harald 's many sons who were involved in a power struggle with one another . Halfdan and his brother Gudrød Ljome were responsible for murdering Rognvald Eysteinsson and 60 of his men by burning them inside of a structure . Upon learning of this event , Harald flew into a rage and sent out a great force against Gudrød who was then banished . Rognvald 's son Torf-Einarr performed the Blood eagle ritual on Halfdan in retaliation after a battle . Harald made Rognvald 's son Thorirm Earl of Møre and gave his daughter Alof to him in marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79deb1858005e60d4fd947b23f602c38", "text": "Ivar Ivar ( Old Norse Ívarr ) is a Scandinavian masculine given name . Another variant of the name is Iver , which is more common in Norway . The Old Norse name has several possible etymologies . In North Germanic phonology , several of the elements common to Germanic names became homophonous . The first element Ívarr may contain yr `` yew '' and - arr ( from hari , `` warrior '' ) , but it may have become partly conflated with Ingvar , and possibly Joar ( element jó `` horse '' ) . The second element - arr may alternatively also be from geir `` spear '' or it may be var `` protector '' . The name was adopted into English as Ivor , into Gaelic as Iomhar , and into Latvian as Ivars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb8a57c09ada20266860c35f10a4f083", "text": "Danneskiold-Samsøe Danneskiold-Samsøe is a Danish family of high nobility , formerly holding the island of Samsø as a fief . The family uses a traditional spelling of the name ; a modern spelling would be Danneskjold-Samsø . The name was created for several descendants of Danish monarchs of the House of Oldenburg , born of their liaisons with royal mistresses . The first grantees were children from the 1677 marriage between Countess Antoinette of Aldenburg and Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve , Count of Laurvig , a celebrated ( Norwegian ) general and the son of Frederick III of Denmark by his mistress Margrethe Pape , King Christian V , the count 's half-brother , granted a comital title to all of his male-line descendants . The next grantees were all the children of Christian Gyldenløve , Count of Samsø , the eldest son of Christian V by his mistress Sophie Amalie Moth in 1696 . He married his cousin , Countess Antoinette Augusta of Aldenburg ( 1660-1701 ) ( eldest daughter of Count Anton I of Aldenburg and Knyphausen and his first wife , Countess Auguste Johanna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein , himself a legitimated son of Anton Gunther , last independent Count of Oldenburg ) . The male Danneskiold-Laurvigen line was extinguished in 1783 , and the Laurvig countship was inherited through an heiress by the noble Danish Ahlefeldt family . In 1786 , François Xavier Joseph Gyldenløve , second Count of Løvendal , great-grandson of Count Ulrik Frederik 's first marriage , was granted the surname Danneskiold as well ; but this Danneskiold-Løvendal branch , too , was extinguished in its male line upon the death of his childless son in 1829 . The first marriage of Count Christian produced only daughters , but the issue of his second marriage succeeded to the countship of Samsø and continues in male line , bearing the surname `` af Danneskiold-Samsøe '' . All Danneskiolds since 1829 have been descendants of the eldest son of Christian V and his mistress Sofie Amalie Moth ( 1654-1719 ) , whom the king elevated to be the first Lensgrevinde til Samsø ( `` Countess of Samsø '' ) . A descendant , Countess Frederikke Louise af Danneskiold-Samsøe ( 1699-1744 , ) married her kinsman Christian August , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg ( 1696-1754 ) , a partitioned-off duke , and from whose marriage all the future Augustenborgs descend . The present comital family numbers the noble families Ahlefeldt , Frijs-Frijsenborg , Kaas , Trolle , Ulfeldt , Huitfeldt , , Gyldenstierne , Rosenkrantz , Rantzau , Reventlow , Brahe , Grubbe , Krag til Juellund , and Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs among their ancestress-linked relatives . Category : Danish nobility", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31017b531acb88e415badf5767b83cf6", "text": "Gunnlaugr Ormstunga Gunnlaugr Ormstunga ( i.e. `` Serpent-Tongue '' ) was an Icelandic poet . His life is described in Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu , where several of his poems are preserved . Gunnlaugr was born ca. 983 . From an early age he proved himself impetuous , audacious , brave , and tough . He was also a skilled author of mostly derogatory poems , which earned him the cognomen ormstunga , `` serpent 's tongue '' . After a quarrel with his father , Illugi , Gunnlaugr left his home at the age of twelve to stay for some time at Borg with Þorsteinn Egilsson , the son of Egill Skallagrímsson . There , he became acquainted with Þorsteinn 's daughter , Helga the fair , reputedly the most beautiful woman in Iceland . Her hair was so ample that she could hide herself in it . When Gunnlaugr was eighteen , he went abroad . At that time , Helga became his fiancée , on the condition that she would wait no more than three years for Gunnlaugr . He visited the courts of Norway , Ireland , Orkney and Sweden and England . In Sweden , he visited the court of King Óláfr Skötkonung where he met his rival , the Icelandic champion and skald , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr 's stay in the service of King Æthelred of England delayed his return to Iceland and Helga . He did not return until four years had passed ( ca. 1005 ) . Since Gunnlaugr had been gone longer than his allotted three years , Helga was forced into an unhappy marriage to Gunnlaugr 's rival , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr and Hrafn met at the Althing and Gunnlaugr challenged Hrafn to a duel of honour , a holmgang ( hólmganga ) . The duel ended in a draw and was the last one allowed in Iceland . From that time hólmganga were forbidden by Icelandic law . In order to settle their dispute in blood , the two champions met in Norway in the spring of 1008 . There , Gunnlaugr defeated Hrafn , but was fatally wounded . After a short time he died . He was 25 . Helga later remarried , but never recovered from Gunnlaugr 's death . Her greatest pleasure was to rest her eyes on a sumptuous coat that Gunnlaugr had given her . One evening , she rested her head on her husband 's shoulder , spread the coat in front of her , and watched it for a while . Thereafter , she fell back into her husband 's embrace and was dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812775423ef057da4d5cf8b4576cf215", "text": "Jon Hallvardson Smør Jon Hallvardson Smør ( fl . 1375 ) was a Norwegian nobleman . He was a son of the knight Hallvard Jonson Smør . In 1375 , Jon was the ombudsman of king Haakon VI of Norway . He had two known children , the son Svale , and daughter Ulvhild ( whose granddaughter Birgitte married Trond Tordson Benkestok ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa11750e1145dcdc0543e4f63a9682e5", "text": "List of Swedish consorts This is a list of Swedish queens consort and spouses of Swedish monarchs and regents . The list covers a large time span and the role of a consort has changed much over the centuries . The first Swedish consorts are spoken of in legends . The consorts until c. 1000 are often semi-legendary , as are the monarchs . Between the 14th and 16th century , during periods of de facto Swedish independence from the formal union with Denmark , the Swedish regents did not have the title of king or queen , nor did the spouses of kings have the title of queen consort , although they had the equivalent position . Due to unions with Finland , Denmark and Norway , many of the Swedish consorts were also consorts of monarchs of these countries . Consorts listed during the period of 1380 -- 1520 were in fact also consorts to monarchs of Denmark . The consorts listed during the period of 1814-1905 were also consorts to monarchs of Norway . Finland was from the Middle Ages a part of Sweden , and although there was no official title , such as `` Queen Consort of Finland '' , from the 16th century until the year of 1809 , the queen consort of Sweden also held the title `` Grand Princess of Finland . '' Sweden has had three female monarchs , and one of the consorts listed below is a male .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28609a00b5c7a235ac79546e694babd", "text": "Johannes Lauritsson Johannes Lauritsson ( c. 1540 -- c. 1620 ) was a wealthy Norwegian landowner . Through marriage , he was associated with the prominent Galte family of Jondal in Hardanger . He is mentioned as living at Valen in Kvinnherad from 1563 to 1578 . Around 1567 , during the Northern Seven Years ' War ( 1563-1570 ) , Lauritsson joined his cousin Enno Brandrøk in Sweden in his scheme to aggravate Danish King Frederick II of Denmark . Lauritsson was after some time sent back to Norway with a letter for the nobility , describing great hostilities and suggesting they should kill as many Danes as possible . Due to this , Lauritsson was captured and sentenced to be executed . However he was set free after paying 100 daler . This was probably due to Enno 's sister Anna Tronds and the fact that the lord of Bergenhus Fortress , Erik Rosenkrantz ( 1519-1575 ) was also Enno 's cousin . Lauritsson is not mentioned again after his return from Sweden until 1578 , when he was trustee for his mother in the case against the brothers Sebjørn and Tore Toresson . At this time he still lived at the farm Valen . He was married around 1583-85 to Herborg Torbjørnsdatter Sandven ( c. 1565-1633 ) of Sandven in Kvam . Through this marriage , he received Jondal farm in Hardanger , one of the two farms at Torsnes which she in turn had inherited from her grandfather or great-grandfather Peter Nilsson på Torsnes ( c.1450-1530 ) . Lauritsson also inherited land from Guttorm Nilsson . By 1603 he was , together with his wife 's brother Olav Torbjørnson Sandven ( 1560-1637 ) , one of the wealthiest landowners in Hardanger and Sunnhordland . Lauritsson was juror in 1590 , 1599 and 1610 . In 1591 , he was the representative from the parish of Strandebarm at the celebration at Oslo for King Christian IV of Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26f2259a9da20c87741f8f7449b4ed58", "text": "Royal Standard of Norway The Royal Standard of Norway ( Kongeflagge ) is used by the King of Norway . Of historical origin , it was introduced by Cabinet Decision of 15 November 1905 , following the plebiscite confirming the election of Prince Carl of Denmark to the vacant throne after the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway . Under his chosen name of Haakon VII , the new king arrived in the capital Kristiania on 25 November 1905 on a ship flying the royal standard for the first time . That first royal standard was charged with a lion designed by the Danish expert on heraldry Anders Thiset , complying with the blazon decided by the Cabinet . It differed from the definitive version of the royal standard , which was charged with the lion designed by the painter Eilif Peterssen The flag is the coat of arms of Norway in banner form . It is based on the 1905 version of the coat of arms , at least 750 years old . The present design of the coat of arms for government use was changed in 1937 to fit a medieval style , but the king has kept the 1905 design by Peterssen for the royal arms and standard . The flag was referred to as the `` ancient royal standard '' of Norway when it was introduced . It is the earliest known flag of Norway , originally only a flag for the king , as it is today . During the early period of the union with Denmark , it was occasionally flown from castles and naval vessels until it was gradually phased out during the 17th and 18th centuries . Its earliest certain depiction is on the seal of Duchess Ingebjørg in 1318 . In 1748 a decree stated that the Dannebrog should be the only legal merchant flag for ships of the united kingdoms of Denmark-Norway . The flag of the King is also used by the Queen . Between 1844 and 1905 , the kings of Norway used a royal standard on the same pattern as Denmark and Sweden . It was a war flag with the union mark in the canton and the royal union arms in the centre of the cross .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1429295a10a4eb455ca0a7d00bc87a94", "text": "Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner Princess Astrid , Mrs. Ferner ( Astrid Maud Ingeborg ; born 12 February 1932 , in Oslo , Norway ) is the second daughter of King Olav V of Norway and his wife , Princess Märtha of Sweden . She is the older sister of King Harald V of Norway and younger sister of the late Princess Ragnhild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f4fe00b24157719351c0db8ba33e44c", "text": "Peder Anker Wedel-Jarlsberg Count Peder Anker Wedel-Jarlsberg ( born 18 August 1875 , died 13 October 1954 ) was a member of the Norwegian nobility and of that in Denmark , a military officer , and a land owner . He was Lord Chamberlain for King Haakon VII of Norway from 1931 to 1945 and as well one of the King 's closest confidants for over thirty years . As head of the House of Wedel-Jarlsberg and a descendant of Johan Caspar Herman Wedel-Jarlsberg , he was a count ( lensgreve , i.e. ` feudal count ' ) , a title recognised under Danish law , and was a Stamhusbesitter of Jarlsberg . He graduated as an officer in 1897 and became the King 's adjutant in 1913 . He was appointed Chamberlain in 1925 and Second Court Marshal in 1927 . He became First Court Mashal and Lord Chamberlain in 1931 . During the Second World War , he left the country with the royal family and accompanied Crown Princess Märtha to the United States . In 1945 , he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav . Peder Anker Wedel-Jarlsberg was the son of Johan Caspar Herman Wedel Jarlsberg ( 1841 -- 1922 ) and was married to Hermine Westye Egeberg , the daughter of industrialist Einar Westye Egeberg . They were the parents of Feudal Count Johan Caspar Herman Wedel Jarlsberg ( 1902 -- 70 ) , Owner ( Stamhusbesitter ) of Jarlsberg Countess Cecilie Helene Wedel-Jarlsberg ( born 1904-2001 ) , married businessman and factory owner Bernt Julius Fossum ( 1898 -- 1971 ) ( CEO and owner of Stormbull AS ) They were parents of Celine Womach , Bernt J. Fossum , Per Wedel Fossum and Lucie Fossum Ihlen . Countess Harriet Celine Wedel-Jarlsberg ( born 1908-2001 ) , married Ambassador , cand.jur . Peter Martin Anker ( 1903 -- 77 ) Countess Hedevig Wedel-Jarlsberg ( 1913 -- 96 ) , married cand.jur . Per Christian Cornelius Paus ( CEO of Ole Paus ) . They were the parents of Peder Nicolas Paus , Christopher Paus and Cornelia Paus , and the grandparents of Pontine Paus and Olympia Paus . Baron Carl-Fredrik Wedel-Jarlsberg ( 1916 -- 94 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd25312fe53a5fd50f6964d5c9a12af", "text": "Heinrik Haraldsson Heinrik Haraldsson was a son of Harald Maddadsson and his first wife Affrica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c548f5c084cb2f4134455c6d8ace5478", "text": "Andreassen Andreassen is a common surname in Norway , meaning `` son of Andreas '' . The parallel Danish forms are Andresen and Andreasen , the Swedish Andreasson . It may refer to : Anita Andreassen , Norwegian mushing competitor ; she has also competed in cycling and cross country skiing Bjørn Andreassen ( born 1946 ) , Norwegian ice hockey player Eivind Andreassen ( born 1962 ) , retired Norwegian football striker Elisabeth Andreassen ( born 1958 ) , known as `` Bettan '' , a Norwegian singer Geir Hartly Andreassen , FSF , ( born 1971 ) , Norwegian cinematographer based in Stockholm , Sweden Gunn Margit Andreassen ( born 1973 ) , Norwegian biathlete Gunnar Andreassen ( 1913 -- 2002 ) , Norwegian football player and manager Harald Magnus Andreassen ( born 1956 ) , Norwegian economist Harriet Andreassen ( 1925 -- 1997 ) , Norwegian labour activist and politician for the Labour Party John Andreassen ( born 1943 ) , Norwegian TV-producer with the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation Kenneth Andreassen ( born 1985 ) , Norwegian football midfielder Kjell Schou-Andreassen ( 1940 -- 1997 ) , Norwegian footballer and one of the country 's most successful football managers Kristin Andreassen , American musician and dancer Marit Andreassen ( born 1966 ) , Norwegian actress , born in Svolvær Ole Petter Andreassen ( born 1970 ) , Norwegian musician and producer from Flekkefjord , Norway Rolf Andreassen ( born 1949 ) , Norwegian competition rower and Olympic medalist Rudolf Andreassen ( 1909 -- 1983 ) , Norwegian boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics Tor Arne Andreassen ( born 1983 ) , Norwegian footballer who plays as a defender and midfielder Tormod Andreasen , Norwegian curler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14d6de63e8ab40e94efd488a94216c44", "text": "Kvindesland Kvindesland is a Norwegian family name , derived from `` Kvinnesland '' , an area of Tysvær , Rogaland , Norway . The name refers to the old Norse term kvin , meaning strong wind . Fewer than fifty people bear the name , making it one of the rarer Norwegian surnames . Category : Surnames", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02f2a6de20c08c850d5b0af6d2e33672", "text": "Ingibiorg Finnsdottir Ingibiorg Finnsdottir ( Standard Old Norse : Ingibjörg Finnsdóttir ) was a daughter of Earl Finn Arnesson and Bergljot Halvdansdottir ( Halfdansdottir ) , a niece of the Norwegian Kings Saint Olaf and Harald Hardraade . She is also known as Ingibiorg , the Earls ' - Mother . The dates of her life are not certainly known . She married Thorfinn Sigurdsson , Earl of Orkney . The Orkneyinga Saga claims that Kalf Arnesson , Ingibiorg 's uncle , was exiled in Orkney after her marriage to Thorfinn . This was during the reign of Magnus the Good , son of Saint Olaf , who ruled from 1035 to 1047 , and probably before the death of Harthacanute in 1042 . Thorfinn and Ingibiorg had two known sons , Paul and Erlend , who fought in Harald Hardraade 's ill-fated invasion of the Kingdom of England in 1066 . Ingibiorg remarried after Thorfinn 's death ( date unknown ) . Her second husband was Malcolm III ( Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ) , the King of Scots . Whatever the exact date of the marriage , Malcolm and Ingibiorg had at least one son , and probably two . The Orkneyinga Saga tells us that Duncan II of Scotland ( Donnchad mac Mail Coluim '' ' ) was their son , and it is presumed that the `` Domnall son of Máel Coluim , King of Scotland '' whose death in 1085 is reported by the Annals of Ulster was also their son . Ingibiorg is presumed to have died in around 1069 as Malcolm married Margaret , sister of Edgar Ætheling , in about 1070 . It may be , however , that she died before Malcolm became king , as an Ingeborg comitissa appears in the Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmensis '' , a list of those monks and notables from whom prayers were said at Durham , alongside persons known to have died around 1058 . If Ingibiorg was never queen , it would help to explain the apparent ignorance of her existence displayed by some Scots chroniclers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dbd7d354de463006ec87f3207753089", "text": "Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter ( Old Norse : Ingiríðr Rögnvaldsdóttir ) ( 1100/1110 -- after 1161 AD ) was born a member of the Swedish royal family , became a member of Danish royalty by marriage and later was Queen consort of Norway as the spouse of Harald IV of Norway . Married four times , Ingrid had a number of children who played a prominent role in Swedish and Norwegian history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d60c676bb5e3da2ea50d078061fea5e", "text": "Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century . The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again . On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain . Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated . One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c61d24a4df13c9302d48f6dca4b011c", "text": "Eric Christoffersen of Denmark Eric Christoffersen ( c. 1307 -- c. 1332 ) ( Erik Christoffersen ) was king of Denmark from 1321 until his death , jointly with his father , King Christopher II . He was a member of the House of Estridsen . In Danish , he is called `` Erik , udvalgt Konge . '' Eric was the eldest son of King Christopher II and Euphemia of Pomerania . In 1321 , he was elected king and crowned alongside his father as his junior co-ruler on 15 August 1324 . In 1325 , his father asked him to halt the Counts of Holstein and their allies , but was deserted by his troops , taken prisoner and confined in Haderslev Castle . His father was forced to abdicate and go into exile , while the 12-year-old Duke Valdemar of Southern Jutland was made king of Denmark under the regent , Count Gerhard III of Holstein . After a period of chaos in the `` magnates ' republic '' of Denmark , King Christopher was restored as a puppet monarch in 1329 through the help of his half-brother Count John III . Eric was released in 1330 , on the condition he married Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg , dowager duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg and sister of his father 's enemy , Count Gerhard III , by whom he had no children . The marriage was dissolved the next year as war again erupted between his father and Count John III and his brother-in-law Gerhard III . He predeceased his father , fighting in the battles , which subsequently broke out between his father and Holstein . On 30 November 1331 , Eric was defeated at the battle at Danevirke , but managed to escape to Kiel , where he died of his battle wounds , a few months afterward , either in late 1331 or early 1332 . Eric was buried at Sorø Abbey , later his remains were transported to the St. Bendt 's Church . Upon his father 's death in the same year , Denmark ceased being a formal kingdom , and for the next eight years it was subdued by various mortgagees to German military rule . His younger brother would later regain Denmark from the Holsteiners and succeed as Valdemar IV of Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa1642fff459f734ed163a3ca6b88cd6", "text": "Prince Harald of Schaumburg-Lippe Prince Harald of Schaumburg-Lippe ( Harald Christian Leopold Gustav ; b. 27 March 1948 , in Schloss Hagenburg , Niedersachsen ) is the third son of Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Feodora of Denmark and the great-grandson of Frederick VIII of Denmark , a member of the Danish Royal Family . He married Petra Wera Kirstein on 22 July 1976 ; they divorced in 1980 . He married Gabrielle Hagermann on 23 September 1988 . Under Danish law he is not in line to inherit the throne , as he is not descended from Christian X . He is however in line of succession to the British throne as a descendant of George II of Great Britain , through his daughter Queen Louisa of Denmark and Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a987cfd66c4c58cb2a08447f1918a5d", "text": "Gyldenløve (noble family) For the royal bastards in Denmark , see Gyldenløve . Gyldenløve ( English : lit . Golden Lion ) is the modern name of a medieval and now extinct family of the Norwegian nobility . During the Late Middle Ages Gyldenløve was one of the most important families in Norway 's social and political life . The family 's most prominent member was Nils Henriksson ( died 1523 ) , Lord High Steward of Norway , whose wife was Lady Ingegjerd Ottesdotter Rømer , heiress of Austrått . The couple 's only surviving children were girls . All other agnatic lines of the old family are presumed extinct even earlier . The last male was Nils Henriksson 's illegitimate child Henrik Nilsson Gyldenløve . Like other Norwegian noble families , the Gyldenløve family did not originally have a family name . However , based on the family 's coat of arms , which shows a lion , believed to represent their verified royal descent from the House of Sverre , some of the members of the very last generations used the name Gyldenløve as a family name . Today , the same practice is customary among historians and genealogists , in order to identify families and their members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450de71e6f834e94e78da51000e23922", "text": "Erlend Haraldsson Erlend Haraldsson was joint Earl of Orkney from 1151 -- 1154 . The son of Earl Harald Haakonsson , he ruled with Harald Maddadsson and Rögnvald Kali Kolsson . This was a turbulent period of Orcadian history . Erlend 's claim to the earldom was strong , his father having been earl before him but as happened on several previous occasions , rulership of the islands had become divided . His father had been poisoned c. 1130 when Erlend was still a child and after the death of Erlend 's uncle , Paul Haakonsson , the earldom had become shared between Rögnvald and Harald `` the Old '' Maddadsson . Earl Rögnvald left Orkney in 1151 to go on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and Erlend acted quickly to build on his inheritance . He obtained half of his father 's lands in Caithness from the king of Scotland and claimed half of Orkney as well . Earl Harald refused , so Erlend set sail to Norway to request his share from King Eystein Haraldsson . The King granted Erlend Harald Maddadsson 's share of the Orkney earldom , which led to a series of skirmishes between the two . Erlend had the support of Sweyn Asleifsson , a powerful Viking leader , which enabled him to defend himself for a while against the combined forces of Harald and , on his return , Earl Rögnvald . However , their men eventually killed Erlend during a raid on the island of Damsay on the night of 21st December 1154 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ab8aad508b08eda91a4e73a3ee161ecd	Klute was directed by Alan J. Pakula.	[ { "docid": "e749150e4bea601c55d4a50274862036", "text": "Klute Klute is a 1971 American neo-noir crime-thriller film directed and produced by Alan J. Pakula , written by Andy and Dave Lewis , and starring Jane Fonda , Donald Sutherland , Charles Cioffi , and Roy Scheider . It tells the story of a high-priced prostitute who assists a detective in solving a missing person case . Klute is the first installment of what informally came to be known as Pakula 's `` paranoia trilogy '' . The other two films in the trilogy are The Parallax View ( 1974 ) and All the President 's Men ( 1976 ) . The film includes a cameo appearance by Warhol superstars actress Candy Darling , and another by All in the Family costar Jean Stapleton . The music was composed by Michael Small . Jane Fonda won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the film .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "84cc1c9f162828bb92c7293c7728830d", "text": "The Unhanged The Unhanged ( Finnish : Hirttämättömät ) is a 1971 Finnish western comedy film directed by Spede Pasanen and Vesa-Matti Loiri . It is the sequel to the 1970 film Speedy Gonzales - noin 7 veljeksen poika . In addition to featuring Pasanen and Loiri ( originally set to appear in Speedy Gonzales , but unable to appear due to an injury ) , the film also stars Pasanen 's other stock actors , such as Simo Salminen and Olavi Ahonen . The two main characters are parody versions of The Lone Ranger and his sidekick Tonto . The film was released the same year as Kahdeksas Veljes and Saatanan Radikaalit ( which Spede only produced ) . None of the films were box-office successes leading Spede to not release any movies the following year . Regardless , Spede won a joint producer 's Jussi Award for his efforts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8acc436ba4619b0339da4df783e32475", "text": "Going Steady (book) Going Steady : Film Writings 1968 -- 1969 is the third collection of film reviews by the critic Pauline Kael , comprising the years 1968-1969 , when she first began her film-reviewing duties at The New Yorker and which covers , '' a crucial period of social and aesthetic change at the end of the sixties . '' The collection for the most part consists of reviews of individual films , but includes one long essay , ( which appeared originally in Harper 's Magazine ) , entitled `` Trash , Art , and the Movies '' , perhaps the closest Kael comes to a manifesto defining her personal aesthetics in regards to films . In the essay , Kael dissects , compares , and contrasts the merits of `` trash '' films that are nevertheless entertaining , as well as `` art '' films that are uninteresting . In doing so , Kael lambastes `` art '' films such as Kubrick 's 2001 : A Space Odyssey , concluding her treatment of that particular film by declaring : `` If big film directors are to get credit for doing badly what others have been doing brilliantly for years with no money , just because they 've put it on a big screen , then businessmen are greater than poets and theft is art . '' The essay is divided into ten parts , ranging from discussions of The Thomas Crown Affair to Petulia . Kael 's overriding theme is to dismantle the intellectual pretences of those who deride films deemed to be `` trash '' on the basis of dubious aesthetic concerns , notwithstanding the entertainment appeal a particular `` trash '' film might possess . Other notable reviews include Kael 's treatment of the Norman Mailer film Wild 90 , its relation to cinéma vérité , and the implications of that particular film-making technique . This book is out-of-print in the United States , but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers of the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fbb917a14552412edcc27b760b5d286", "text": "Exte is a 2007 Japanese horror film written and directed by Sion Sono , and stars Chiaki Kuriyama , Ren Osugi , and Megumi Satō . The title is a Japanese slang shortening Romanization of the English term `` extension '' from `` hair extension '' . The plot involves an aspiring hair dresser ( Kuriyama ) who becomes the infatuation of a tricophilic man who sells hair extensions to nearby hair salons . The source of the hair is the stolen corpse of a girl whose dead body continues to grow beautiful and voluminous black hair that comes alive , driving those who use the extensions insane or killing them . The movie was released in the U.S. as Exte : Hair Extensions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0138a9636d2b14d2cbfb584dff9e793", "text": "Kuppathu Raja Kuppathu Raja ( English : King of slums ) is a Tamil film is directed by T. R. Ramanna.This film was a blockbuster hit in the year 1979 . The film stars Rajinikanth , Vijayakumar , Manjula Vijayakumar and Padmapriya in lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99128aaa19530520fb491aa7f91cc31a", "text": "Upendra (actor) Upendra Rao ( born 18 September 1968 ) known mononymously as Upendra , is an Indian film actor , director , producer , screenwriter , lyricist and playback singer who works primarily in Kannada cinema . He started his career under actor and film director Kashinath , as a writer and an assistant director . His first directorial venture was Tharle Nan Maga ( 1992 ) . In the late 1990s he directed Om , which portrayed actual Bangalore gangsters , followed by A , which was his debut film as an actor . Upendra , his next film , starred Raveena Tandon , a Bollywood actress . After a decade of acting in Kannada , Telugu and Tamil films , he returned to the role of director with the multilingual movie Super , which was well-received critically and commercially . Upendra is known for his work in movies like A ( 1998 ) , Kanyadanam ( 1998 ) , Upendra ( 1999 ) , Preethse ( 2000 ) , Raa ( 2001 ) , HO ( 2002 ) , Super Star ( 2002 ) , Hollywood ( 2002 ) , Kutumba ( 2003 ) , Raktha Kanneeru ( 2003 ) , Gokarna ( 2003 ) , Omkara ( 2004 ) , Gowramma ( 2005 ) , Auto Shankar ( 2005 ) , Aishwarya ( 2006 ) , Anatharu ( 2007 ) , Budhivanta ( 2008 ) , Super ( 2010 ) , Kalpana ( 2012 ) , S/O Satyamurthy ( 2015 ) , Uppi 2 ( 2015 ) , Kalpana 2 ( 2016 ) and Mukunda Murari . Upendra has thus established himself as one of the most successful actors and directors of Kannada cinema . He is currently one of the highest paid directors and actors in the Kannada cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c18b6c4ee7f8b140cee643159856510", "text": "Neeli Neeli ( -LSB- ) ( born Neelofar ( -LSB- ) , Multan , Punjab ) is a Pakistani film actress who acted in both Urdu and Punjabi language films . The director/producer Yunus Malik , a family friend , offered Neeli a role in a Punjabi film called Akhri Jang . Sangeeta signed her for a role in the Urdu film Kasam Munne Kee . After that film , Sajjad Gul signed her up in his films Choron Ki Barat and Haseena 420 . She starred in Madame Bavary in 1988 and had a double role in Kalay Chor . Later , she was paired with Javed Sheikh , and together they starred in Sher Ali ( 1992 ) , Khuda Gawah ( 1993 ) , Mushkil ( 1995 ) , Jeeva ( 1995 ) , and Chief Saab ( 1996 ) . Mushkil , dealing with the subject of child labour , was Sheikh 's debut as director . After the decline of the Pakistani film industry in the early 2000s , Neeli gradually left the business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6dd7bcc4e278687c2c9cb3575af9535", "text": "Matula Matula ( -LSB- maˈtula -RSB- ) is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies ( present-day Indonesia ) which was directed by Tan Tjoei Hock and produced by The Teng Chun of Java Industrial Film . The black-and-white film , now likely lost , follows a young man who tries to give a woman 's soul to a shaman as payment for being made handsome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d94dcd61da3ff63158a7afdc129cf1d", "text": "Klute (musician) Klute is the primary recording alias of Tom Withers , a drum and bass producer and DJ from Ipswich , UK . He is also the drummer , vocalist and songwriter of the English hardcore band The Stupids . Klute first turned to electronic production in the early 1990s , experimenting with techno before turning to drum and bass . He released two 12 '' singles under the ` Override ' alias in 1995 and 1996 , as well as appearing on Ninja Tune compilations . In 1997 he released the 12 '' single Deep Control under the alias ` The Spectre ' . In 1998 the debut Klute LP Casual Bodies was released on the Certificate 18 imprint ; Fear of People followed in 2000 . In 2001 he established the label Commercial Suicide . This released his own material , including the albums Lie , Cheat & Steal ( 2003 ) , No One 's Listening Anymore ( 2005 ) , The Emperor 's New Clothes , ( 2007 ) and Music for prophet ( 2010 ) . All of these albums are double CDs with one drum and bass disc and another of downtempo techno and breakbeat and received widespread acclaim in the electronic music community . The track `` Time 4 Change '' from No One 's Listening Anymore was the last tune played on-air by John Peel . Commercial Suicide has also released tracks from Amit , Break , Digital , Spirit , Calibre , Dom & Roland , Hive , SKC , Gridlok , Jamal , Method One and Chris Su . As well as releasing music on his own label , Klute has releases on Hospital Records , 31 Records , Soul : R , Shogun Audio , Metalheadz , and Breakbeat Science Recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d9cd935cd4ef66b0e7af80e7206f37a", "text": "Dirty Deeds (2005 film) Dirty Deeds is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Kendall , produced by Bill Civitella and Dan Kaplow ; written by Jon Land and Jonathan Thies . It was released on August 25 , 2005 in the United States and filmed in Los Angeles , California . The film was given a rating of PG-13 for `` crude humor , sexual content , language , teen partying/sexual references , and some violence '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a79a39bf49b6c12b949c5d434f3f642", "text": "Alan Smithee Alan Smithee ( also Allen Smithee ) is an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project . Coined in 1968 and used until it was formally discontinued in 2000 , it was the sole pseudonym used by members of the Directors Guild of America ( DGA ) when a director , dissatisfied with the final product , proved to the satisfaction of a guild panel that he or she had not been able to exercise creative control over a film . The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the project 's director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c131f10914741311334c9bc8651c93", "text": "Ho-Sung Pak Ho-Sung Pak ( born November 8 , 1967 ) is a Korean-American film actor , martial artist , action choreographer , writer , and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db3c7dae59d5c5315a78abc5615fc7e", "text": "Pakka Kalla Pakka Kalla ( Kannada : ಪಕ ಕ ಕಳ ಳ ) is a 1979 Indian Kannada film , directed by Y. R. Swamy and produced by C V L Shastry and Y R Ashwathnarayana Rao . The film stars Srinath , Manjula , Ambarish and Vajramuni in lead roles . The film had musical score by Chellapilla Satyam . The story of the movie was loosely based on the 1976 Hindi movie Hera Pheri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b50a97cd39c704fe589bb9aeb2c6c9f4", "text": "Kdenlive Kdenlive ( KDE Non-Linear Video Editor ) -LSB- ˌkeɪdɛnˈlaɪv -RSB- is a free and open-source video editing software based on the MLT Framework , KDE and Qt . The project was started by Jason Wood in 2002 , and is now maintained by a small team of developers . With the release of Kdenlive 15.04.0 it became part of the official KDE project . Kdenlive packages are freely available for Linux , FreeBSD , and Microsoft Windows , and the source code is available under the terms of GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac6c8ace1b15d8a788c0e950d9cff35", "text": "Kalua Kālua is a traditional Hawaiian cooking method that utilizes an imu , a type of underground oven . The word kālua , which literally means `` to cook in an underground oven '' , may also be used to describe the food cooked in this manner , such as kālua pig or kālua turkey , which are commonly served at luau feasts . Luau , in Hawaiian is actually the name of the taro leaf , which when young and small is cooked like spinach . The traditional luau was eaten on the floor over lauhala ( leaves of the hala tree were weaved together ) mats . Traditionally , a fire using ` Iliahi ( sandalwood ) is built in a dirt pit called the imu . The pit is usually about 6 feet ( 1.8 m ) long , 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) wide and 3 ft ( 90 cm ) deep . Rocks are then placed in the pit to retain cooking heat long after the flames have burned down . Once the rocks have become extremely hot , the hole is lined with traditional vegetation , such as banana leaves . The meat to be cooked is salted , stuffed with more hot rocks , then wrapped with ti and banana leaves . To maintain even heating and to retain the meat 's natural moisture , the meat is covered with wet burlap , then with a layer of sand or soil . The meat is then left to cook in the pit for six to seven hours , absorbing smoke and steam from the koa wood and banana leaves . When the meat is fully cooked , it is removed from the imu and shredded . This is done to allow the melted fat to mix with the meat to help maintain its uniform consistency and flavor . Kālua pig is a main tourist attraction at many luaus , though it is sometimes made using a gas or electric stove with artificial mesquite or kiawe wood liquid smoke . Other tourist businesses substitute the use of rocks and leaves or use an imu pao , an above ground variation of the imu . The term `` Kalua pork '' has been used by famous Hawaiian cook Sam Choy to describe pork shoulder butt which is rubbed with sea salt , wrapped in ti leaves , and slowly cooked in oven using liquid mesquite smoke rather than an imu . At one time , standards enforced by the United States Department of Agriculture prevented traditional kalua pig from being sold commercially except in Hawaii .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5cf45a38a3a045149b6ea5da82f0ec66	Jennifer Grey was born in 1961.	[ { "docid": "7521a7c459d159ea8c8f95b0e27b44c2", "text": "Jennifer Grey Jennifer Grey ( born March 26 , 1960 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the 1980s films Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) and Dirty Dancing ( 1987 ) , for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination . She is also known for her 2010 victory in season eleven of the American version of Strictly Come Dancing . Grey is the daughter of Academy Award -- winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder . Grey currently stars in the Amazon Studios comedy series Red Oaks .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7c05b167288262dcd96714b28cf1ec0f", "text": "Shades of Grey (Delilah song) `` Shades of Grey '' is a single recorded by British singer Delilah . The song was released as a digital download single on 18 December 2011 in the United Kingdom as the fifth single from her debut album , From the Roots Up . The song was written and produced by Paloma Ayana and Reginald Perry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec198836923b37feda5984f9541a73c3", "text": "The Power of Jennifer Rush The Power of Jennifer Rush is a compilation album released by American singer Jennifer Rush . This was the first official collection released by Rush . As well as featuring her past hits , a new single was released from the collection , `` Ave Maria '' ( originally from her earlier album Movin ' ) . Released in late 1991 , the album only reached No. 40 in Germany , but sustained a lengthy run on the charts and re-entered in 1995 . The collection also peaked within the top 40 in Switzerland and Austria . A repackaged version of the album , entitled The Platinum Edition was released in 2001 to mark its 10th anniversary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fe06e9fac7dd4235e58d73cc21fe87b", "text": "Jennifer McKenzie Jennifer Gaines McKenzie ( born 1963 ) is an American Anglican priest . Since 2015 , she has served as the Archdeacon of Wigan and West Lancashire in the Diocese of Liverpool , Church of England . She had previously been a priest in the Diocese of Washington and the Diocese of Virginia in the Episcopal Church ( United States ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c5a3df06ae40071199e49ebcbe8b71a", "text": "Jennifer Love Hewitt (album) Jennifer Love Hewitt is the self-titled third studio album by actress and recording artist Jennifer Love Hewitt . It was released on September 3 , 1996 by Atlantic Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e69663488a59e4f0c0e3f146e1f5c4b", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez is an American singer , actress , dancer , fashion designer and producer . She began her career as an actress for a minor role in the film My Little Girl . Lopez gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 , where she remained for two seasons and remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997 which made $ 35.5 million at box office . She ventured into the music industry in 1999 , with her debut studio album , On the 6 , preceded by the number-one single `` If You Had My Love '' . In 2001 , she released her second studio album J.Lo which sold over 12 million copies worldwide . she has released eight studio albums overall , as of today . Lopez has sold over 80 million records worldwide . She has won 133 awards from 324 nominations including 3 American Music Awards , 1 BET Awards , 1 Billboard Music Award , 10 Billboard Latin Music Awards , and 2 World Music Awards . In 2014 , she received the prestigious Billboard Icon Award for her contribution in music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6e5cab2771353ca1929c6e8d1c0fd3", "text": "Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13b09c405db84ffa48582364fecac6f5", "text": "Janine Turner Janine Turner ( born Janine Loraine Gauntt ; December 6 , 1962 ) is an American actress best known for her roles as Maggie O'Connell in the television series Northern Exposure , as Jessie Deighan , in the feature film Cliffhanger , and as Katie McCoy in Friday Night Lights . She is the author of two books , Holding Her Head High , released on The Washington Post best seller list ( Thomas Nelson publisher ) and A Little Bit Vulnerable : On Hollywood , God , Sobriety , & Politics . ( Dunham Books ) . She is an active public speaker and founder and co-chair of Constituting America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ebd5f3d4b825edb9d3af4f89ac4ab7e", "text": "Gregory Jbara Gregory Jbara ( -LSB- dʒəˈbɑrə -RSB- born September 28 , 1961 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c565b9efc221fcf7f2ae9d28f01f63ec", "text": "Jennifer Welles Jennifer Welles ( born March 15 , 1937 ) is an American former pornographic actress in films of the 1970s , although she began her acting career in the late 1960s in the softcore sexploitation genre films produced in New York . Some of these include : Sex by Advertisement ( 1967 ) , Career Bed , Submission , and This Sporting House , by pornographic film director Henri Pachard ( all from 1969 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef5dbca5c4e964b38f184646ba83922", "text": "Jennifer James Jennifer James ( born Jennifer Marie Reynolds ; 3 December 1977 ) is an English actress born in Billinge Higher End , Wigan in Greater Manchester . She played the role of Geena Gregory in Coronation Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ceb93db6ad57bbcd5bad960deed9a06", "text": "Paris Grey Paris Grey ( born Shanna Jackson , November 5 , 1965 , Glencoe , Illinois , United States ) is an American singer , most known for her work with the Detroit-based techno-music producer Kevin Saunderson , as Inner City . The group found international crossover success in the late 1980s and early 1990s with a mixture of electronic beats , sweeping synthetic strings , and Paris 's soulful vocals on tracks such as `` Good Life , '' `` Big Fun , '' and `` Ai n't Nobody Better . '' Grey recorded three Inner City albums , a Detroit techno compilation album , and an extended remix collection of Inner City tracks . A notable project for Grey prior to joining Inner City was the Chicago House 12-inch club hit `` Do n't Make Me Jack ( Tonite I Wan na House You ) '' on Housetime Records . Originally , Grey sang gospel music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b64e0bd330bd3ccc7128a5397138a04", "text": "Jen Brister Jen ( Jennifer ) Brister ( born February 1975 ) , is a stand-up comedian from South London . Brister studied theatre at Middlesex University , where she took a course in stand-up comedy in the mid 90s , the only course of its kind at the time in the UK . Other famous graduates include Alan Carr , Renton Skinner of the Dutch Elm Conservatoire and Shooting Stars and Clare Warde of the Runaway Lovers . Brister 's first gig was a showcase for the course , at the Kings Head in Crouch End . Since then , she has performed in many London venues , including Comedy Camp , Banana Cabaret Comedy Store , The Kings Head , and ED Comedy , as well as hosting her own nights , including Hysterics at Shaun & Joe and CatFlap Comedy at the Player Bar , Soho . She is also a comedy writer and has performed alongside Doug Faulkner & Clare Warde , as part of the comedy sketch group , The Loose Connection . They appeared regularly at the Hen & Chickens Theatre , Etcetera Theatre , Sketch Club and The Enterprise in the mid-2000s . 2006 : Brister appeared at the 2006 Edinburgh Festival Fringe with her show `` Me , My Mother and I. '' In Time Out , March 2006 , Jen stated '' ` It 's really an exploration of my relationship with my mum . It 's an analysis , as well , of where I am at this point in my life . I 'm 31 . I 'm single . I do n't own a house . Or a car . I do n't have kids . Or any solid financial security . At 31 , my mother had three children and a fourth on the way . She was married and she had a mortgage . '' 2007 - 2008 : She worked for BBC 6 Music as a stand in presenter and in 2008 took a show to Edinburgh called Reception with her comedy partner at the time Clare Warde . 2009 : Brister appeared at the Edinburgh Fringe again in 2009 doing a stand up show as well as appearing in a play called `` The One and The Many '' by Trevor Lock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c73b779fe76f7d7ad79a83b59ee645d3", "text": "I Know You `` I Know You '' is a song recorded by American recording artist and songwriter Skylar Grey for the soundtrack to the film Fifty Shades of Grey ( 2015 ) . The song was written by Grey and Canadian composer/producer Stephan Moccio and was co-produced by Moccio and Dan Heath . It was released as the second promotional single from the Fifty Shades of Grey soundtrack on February 3 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776ded94bd78faa43ced6b2353f05a22", "text": "Jennifer DeLia Jennifer Renée DeLia ( born September 30 , 1979 ) is an American screenwriter , director , actress , artist , and humanitarian . She is currently based in lower Manhattan where she operates her production company Poverty Row Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e946a568b30ff0ba85f52fad338f29ea", "text": "Jennifer Young Jennifer Young ( born August 21 , 1969 ) is an American film producer and photographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c03758f5f3b4ca8273c959802f6e80", "text": "Natural Causes (Skylar Grey album) Natural Causes is the third studio album by American recording artist Skylar Grey . It is her second album since her stage name change from Holly Brook to Skylar Grey . It was released on September 23 , 2016 , by KidinaKorner and Interscope Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cbc11cc06051a8ca034d08baac8e950", "text": "Leave the Light On (Memoir) Leave the Light On is the second memoir written by Jennifer Storm . The book deals with Storm 's recovery from drug and alcohol addiction and her experiences coming out of the closet . The book is the companion to Blackout Girl : Growing Up and Drying Out in America . It has been called `` fearlessly honest '' and `` courageous '' by We Magazine for Women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a805915eaafc0cf815b61fdb0c7ab41e", "text": "Greyson Greyson may refer to : Ashley Greyson , film and music video director , cinematographer , editor , and producer Bruce Greyson , M.D. ( born 1946 ) , Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Virginia Greyson Chance ( born 1997 ) , American pop rock singer and pianist Greyson Fletcher ( born 1991 ) , professional skateboarder and actor Greyson Gunheim ( born 1986 ) , free agent American football defensive end John Greyson ( born 1960 ) , Canadian filmmaker , whose work frequently deals with gay themes de : Grayson fr : Grayson it : Grayson pt : Grayson sv : Grayson vo : Grayson", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
03375e53cbb78f5b65da51844d1ba588	Outlander is a British-American drama television series.	[ { "docid": "545645e28649ee2a68f4edf3e2e9aadb", "text": "Outlander (TV series) Outlander is a British-American television drama series based on the historical time travel Outlander series of novels by Diana Gabaldon . Developed by Ronald D. Moore and produced by Sony Pictures Television and Left Bank Pictures for Starz , the show premiered on August 9 , 2014 . It stars Caitriona Balfe as Claire Randall , a married World War II nurse who in 1945 finds herself transported back to the Scotland of 1743 , where she encounters the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser ( Sam Heughan ) and becomes embroiled in the Jacobite risings . The second season of 13 episodes , based on Dragonfly in Amber , premiered on April 9 , 2016 . On June 1 , 2016 , Starz renewed the series for a third and fourth season , which will adapt the third and fourth Outlander novels , Voyager and Drums of Autumn . The 13-episode third season is scheduled to premiere in September 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bb649781b74ee5387dc44ba7e6cbbd26", "text": "Truckers (2013 TV series) Truckers is a British drama television series that first broadcast on BBC One on 10 October 2013 . The series is about Britain through the lives of truck drivers working in Nottingham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8023bccb363eb78374ef4aface132137", "text": "Valhalla (audio drama) Valhalla is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series '' Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee80f9dd27adaa48c4384fa70078924f", "text": "Outriders Outriders is an Australian children 's television series that first screened on the Nine Network in 2001 . It was a 26 part series produced by Southern Star Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59cd6cdcfd449cd3755bf94bf266bd6d", "text": "Atlantis (TV series) Atlantis is a British fantasy-adventure television programme , inspired by Greek mythology ( including the legend of Atlantis ) and created by Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy with Howard Overman . It premiered on 28 September 2013 . Atlantis was the biggest new Saturday night drama series launch across all BBC channels since 2006 , even up on the launch of hit show Merlin . It also managed to draw 1 million viewers away from the highly popular ITV show The X Factor , which aired at the same time in the UK . On 26 October 2013 , BBC One ordered a second series of the show , which began airing on 15 November 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , it was announced that the series had been cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d8189215f7b68d5c2f5891c8ce06252", "text": "Vikings (season 3) The third season of the historical drama television series Vikings premiered on February 19 , 2015 on History in Canada , and concluded on April 23 , 2015 , consisting of 10 episodes . Filmed in Ireland , Vikings is inspired by the tales about the Viking Ragnar Lothbrok , one of the best-known mythological Norse heroes and notorious as the scourge of France and England . It portrays Ragnar as a Viking farmer who pioneers the first daring raids into England , and eventually becomes a Scandinavian king , with the support of his family and fellow warriors : his brother Rollo , his son Björn Ironside , and his wives -- the shieldmaiden Lagertha and the princess Aslaug . The third season follows the development of Ragnar 's family , and the Vikings as they become more entwined in English affairs , and also begin to raid further afield .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9cca49cdd4c9290fac1b9af3243c110", "text": "Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series) Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name , written by Reginald Hill . The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996 , with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel ( pronounced `` dee-ell '' ) and Colin Buchanan being cast as Pascoe . The series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire , and `` follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners . Complete opposites . Different backgrounds , different beliefs , different styles . They get on each other 's nerves . They are continually embarrassed by each other . But their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team . '' The first three series were entirely based on Hill 's novels , as were the first two episodes of series four . However , all subsequent stories , with the exception of `` Dialogues of the Dead '' , are stories written exclusively for television , and have not appeared as subsequent novels . The series was produced by BBC Birmingham , and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007 , running for a total of eleven series . The series was axed in 2008 , citing falling viewing figures as the main reason . It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226fff4f6a103fab2b7a0d8015a3b3dd", "text": "Claire Fraser (character) Claire Fraser is a fictional character in the Outlander series of multi-genre novels by American author Diana Gabaldon , and its television adaptation . In the series , Claire is a married World War II nurse visiting Scotland who finds herself transported from 1945 back to 1743 . There she finds adventure , war and romance with the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser . Smart , stubborn and willful , Claire uses her wits , practical medical skills and knowledge of the future to survive in the 18th century . Claire is portrayed by Irish actress Caitriona Balfe in the Starz television series Outlander . Balfe won a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television in 2015 and 2016 , and a People 's Choice Award for Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress in 2016 . She also received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama in 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd5b3bd2efbf8664f9e538939814578", "text": "Hustle (TV series) Hustle is a British television drama series made by Kudos Film and Television and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom . Created by Tony Jordan and first broadcast in 2004 , the series follows a group of con artists who specialise in `` long cons '' -- extended deceptions which require greater commitment , but which return a higher reward than simple confidence tricks . The eighth and last series ended on 17 February 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93debc5067e3151aa6ef889a06b7b9f", "text": "Highlander: The Series (season 4) The fourth season of the American drama/adventure television series Highlander began airing 25 September 1995 and finished on 26 May 1996 . The series continues to follow the adventures of Duncan MacLeod , a 400-year-old Immortal who can only die if he is beheaded . MacLeod is involved in the Game , an ongoing battle during which all Immortals have to behead each other until only one is left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f9336d2b4cbe99382da0a1305d58c1d", "text": "Against the Wind (miniseries) Against the Wind is a 1978 Australian television mini-series . It is a historical drama portraying both the British rule of Ireland , and the development of New South Wales and Australia . Jon English won the Logie Award in 1979 for `` Best New Talent '' for his role in the miniseries as `` Jonathan Garrett '' . It was the first major Australian TV production to be broadcast in the United States . A soundtrack was also released , topping the charts in Norway and reaching the top 10 in Australia and Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cec0e052ec2fd7754608c39aa3ac8ff4", "text": "Ambassadors (TV series) Ambassadors is a three-part British comedy-drama television series that ran on BBC Two in 2013 . Ambassadors follows the lives of the employees of the British embassy in the fictional Central Asian nation of Tazbekistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9e259200c40200742d2e071eebd90ec", "text": "Motherland (TV series) Motherland is a British sitcom , all about navigating the trials and traumas of middle-class motherhood . A pilot episode , written by a team including Graham Linehan and Sharon Horgan , was first broadcast on BBC Two on 6 September 2016 as part of BBC 2 's `` Sitcom Season '' . It starred Anna Maxwell Martin as Julia an overstressed working mother , trying to juggle the demands of her children , her husband and her job . The BBC subsequently ordered a full series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b865b7ac1f808bd400d6da249ee583", "text": "Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Outsiders is an American television drama series created by Peter Mattei . Set in the fictional town of Blackburg , Crockett County , Kentucky , the series tells the story of the Farrell clan and their struggle for power and control in the hills of Appalachia . It is WGN America 's third original series , which debuted on January 26 , 2016 . On March 11 , 2016 , WGN America renewed Outsiders for a second season which premiered on January 24 , 2017 . On April 14 , 2017 , WGN America announced , the series had been canceled after two seasons , with the then forthcoming last episode of the second season , airing as a series finale on the channel . Production and distributing studio Sony Pictures Television is set to shop the series elsewhere for further seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ad6e47c797dabda2112edea2d965e1b", "text": "British Academy Television Award for Best International Programme The British Academy Television Award for Best International Programme , or BAFTA TV Award for Best International , is an award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to outstanding achievements in foreign TV series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
eb9d41adb2302565e27e420f5bac6014	Raphael Bob-Waksberg is a person.	[ { "docid": "bbbb5019410b67b74fc3ceae10abdf86", "text": "Raphael Bob-Waksberg Raphael Matthew Bob-Waksberg ( born August 17 , 1986 ) is an American comedian , writer , producer , and actor . He is best known as the creator and showrunner of the Netflix Original series BoJack Horseman . He also performs voices for various characters on the show , including a corgi and a tree frog . As a member of the Olde English comedy troupe he co-wrote and appeared in The Exquisite Corpse Project . He is also set to be the script doctor of The Lego Movie Sequel , due for a 2019 release . Bob-Waksberg is a graduate of Bard College .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "03a5a1f113c699dd7de649a0ce44ee0a", "text": "Rothberg Rothberg is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Bob Rothberg ( 1901 -- 1938 ) , songwriter Jonathan M. Rothberg ( born 1963 ) , American scientist and entrepreneur Patti Rothberg ( born 1972 ) , American musician and artist Künter Rothberg ( born 1984 ) , Estonian judoka", "title": "" }, { "docid": "073717bd248b6616b49187d9e9a45bb2", "text": "International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation ( IRWF ) is a non-governmental organization which researches Holocaust rescuers and advocates for their recognition . The organization developed educational programs for school to promote peace and civil service . Founded by Baruch Tenembaum , it has offices in Buenos Aires , New York , Berlin , Rio de Janeiro and Jerusalem . The organization bears the name of Raoul Wallenberg , a Swedish diplomat who saved Jews and other persecuted people in Hungary during the Holocaust . He was captured by the Soviet Union and his death has been the source of controversy and secrecy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5a07cdaa2c28aa6857f934c4479271", "text": "Robert von Dassanowsky Robert von Dassanowsky FRHistS , FRSA ( born January 28 , 1965 , New York City ) is an Austrian-American academic , writer , film and cultural historian , and producer . He is usually known as Robert Dassanowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b0fc2533cfa31a94efbd93555df8caf", "text": "Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 Spain was represented by Raphael at the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 , held in Luxembourg . Raphael was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española ( RTVE ) , the Spanish broadcaster , to represent the country with the song `` Yo soy aquél '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0786ecd79b5ad929ce20f4d2980d66de", "text": "Raphael Cohen-Almagor Raphael Cohen-Almagor received his D. Phil . in political theory from Oxford University in 1991 , and his B.A. and M.A. from Tel Aviv University ( both Magna cum Laude ) . In 1992-1995 he lectured at the Hebrew University Law Faculty . In 1995-2007 he taught at the University of Haifa Law School , Department of Communication , and Library and Information Studies University of Haifa . He has served in various organizations , including as Chairperson of `` The Second Generation to the Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance '' Organization in Israel ; Founder and Director of the Medical Ethics Think-tank at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute ; member of the Israel Press Council , Chairperson of Library and Information Studies , and Founder and Director of Center for Democratic Studies , both at the University of Haifa . Cohen-Almagor was the Yitzhak Rabin - Fulbright Visiting Professor at UCLA School of Law and Dept. of Communication , Visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University , and Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars . Presently he is Chair in Politics at the University of Hull , United Kingdom , and Director of the Middle East Study Group . In 2008-2009 he served as Acting Deputy Dean for Research at Hull Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences . Professor Cohen-Almagor has published numerous articles and book chapters in the fields of political science , law , Israel studies , philosophy , media ethics , medical ethics , education , sociology and history . Since 2000 , he is writing a monthly Blog on Israeli politics , human rights concerns , scientific developments , the arts and other issues . The Blog , has more than 1000 subscribers in some thirty countries and was quoted by The Washington Post , The Ottawa Citizen , The Baltimore Sun , among other newspapers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a6328f379e38add7078d0c60f47c392", "text": "Volksmusik Volksmusik ( German : literally , `` people 's music '' or as a Germanic connotative translation , `` folk 's music '' ) is the common umbrella designation of a number of related styles of traditional folk music from the Alpine regions of Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Slovenia and South Tyrol ( Italy ) . It tends to be dialect-heavy and invokes local and regional lifestyles and traditions , particularly those of the Alpine farmers and peasants . Originally transmitted by oral tradition , the oldest historical records like the Appenzell Kuhreihen by Georg Rhau ( 1488 -- 1548 ) date back to the 16th century . Volksmusik is characterized by improvisation and variation , uncomplicated major key melodies and simple harmonies . Typical instruments range from alpenhorns to hackbretts , zithers and acoustic guitars , and even violas and harmonicas . Harmonized singing is frequent , but other pieces may require yodeling , while instrumental arrangements are particularly frequent for fast dances or brass pieces . Volksmusik continues to be performed by many local ensembles and bands throughout the European Alps and should not be confused with Volkstümliche Musik , which is largely to be found in broadcasting media and on ancillary merchandise . Since the 1970s , artists of a Neue Volksmusik genre , such as Werner Pirchner or Biermösl Blosn , attempt to combine traditional styles with jazz , folk , hip hop , rock et al. as a kind of world music . Popular proponents include Hubert von Goisern , Attwenger and Christine Lauterburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "508e24f0d92d704d4627dcec9af1ac87", "text": "BOB (band) BOB were an indie pop band from North London , England , formed in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12d35465277a319805bf9e433cb54e45", "text": "Raphael Ankawa Raphael Ben Mordechai Ankawa , also spelled Ankavah or Encouau , ( 1848 -- 1935 ) was the Chief Rabbi of Morocco and a noted commentator , talmudist , posek , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "381445c7b276ebb992e8cbf2db0f45d4", "text": "Tina Grimberg Tina Grimberg is a Reconstructionist Rabbi living in Toronto , Canada . Since 2008 , she has been a leader in the inter-religious dialogue with Muslims and Christians in Ontario . She has been active in the movement against poverty in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63b30503f4e607677f34a4d41d1a6249", "text": "Runeberg Prize The Runeberg prize ( Finnish : Runeberg-palkinto , Swedish Runebergspriset ) is a Finnish literature prize founded in 1987 . The prize is named in honour of Finnish national poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg ( 1804-1877 ) and is awarded annually on his birthday , 5 February . The prize is awarded to a literary work by a Finnish writer in Finnish or Swedish . The Runeberg prize is currently endowed with 10,000 euros . The award is administered by the city of Porvoo , the longtime centre of Runeberg 's life , along with the newspaper Uusimaa and the Finnish Writers ' Union ( Suomen Kirjailijaliitto ) , the Finnish Critics Association ( Suomen arvostelijain liitto ) and the Swedish Writers ' Association of Finland ( Finlands Svenska författareförening ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a759ca329961aa96413e9866f69fcd5", "text": "Charles Berglund Ralph Douglas Charles `` Challe '' Berglund ( born 18 January 1965 in Stockholm , Sweden ) is a Swedish former ice hockey player and coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2015b73f8e2ffb0b5d2d7a85fe7a3661", "text": "Yosef Yozel Horwitz Yosef Yozel Horowitz , also Yosef Yoizel Hurwitz , known as the Alter of Novardok ( 1847 -- 1919 ) , was a student of Rabbi Yisroel Salanter , the founder of the Musar movement . Horwitz was also a student of Rabbis Yitzchak Blazer and Simcha Zissel Ziv and spent some time in Brest , learning from Rabbi Chaim Soloveichik . He established the Novardok yeshiva in the city of Navahrudak . Additionally , he established a network of yeshivas in Dvinsk , Minsk , Warsaw , Berdichev , Lida and Zetl . Some of his discourses were recorded in the book Madregat Ha-Adam ( Hebrew : מדרגת האדם , Stature of Man ) . The most basic and important theme in his book is Bitachon ( trust in God ) . ( Horwitz would sign his name : `` B. B. , '' for Ba'al Bitachon , `` Master of Trust -LSB- in God -RSB- '' . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8609e4f05ce1f2adc5a79618158fea8d", "text": "Wagar High School Wagar High School was a high school at 5785 Parkhaven Avenue in Côte Saint-Luc , Quebec , Canada . It opened its doors in 1963 as part of the Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal ( PSBGM ) and closed in 2005 as part of the English Montreal School Board ( EMSB ) . At its peak in the mid-70s , Wagar 's population topped out at over 1,700 students , despite its having been built to accommodate 1,100 . The school was named after Roy Wagar , a school board official . Wagar died during his speech at Monkland High School 's graduation ceremony just a year before Wagar High School opened its doors . Over many years , particularly in the 70s , Wagar High School enjoyed a reputation for high academic achievement , consistently scoring at the top of the provincial rankings , and regularly eclipsing teams from rival high schools such as West Hill , Mount Royal , Loyola , Father MacDonald and others , in the CBC Television quiz show `` Reach For The Top '' . After years of declining enrollment , Wagar High School was closed in 2005 . The Wagar building was renamed The Giovanni Palatucci Facility on May 16 , 2006 , after a World War II hero who risked and eventually gave his life to save 5000 Jews . This was especially fitting because of the large percentage of Jewish students at Wagar during most of its history . The school board is attempting to reopen the high school for the 2011-12 school year , as a sports specialty school . Wallenberg Academy is the name the English Montreal School Board ( EMSB ) has chosen for its proposed new high school in Côte St. Luc . The name honours the memory of Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg , who is credited with saving up to 100,000 Jews during the Holocaust while serving in Budapest , Hungary . Wallenberg Academy is scheduled to begin operations for the 2014-2015 academic year , provided at least 60 students are enrolled by next fall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0e1a656018d34144044b4cd3004ca2", "text": "World Academy of Art and Science The World Academy of Art and Science ( WAAS ) is an international non-governmental scientific organization , a world network of more than 700 individual fellows from more than 80 countries . Fellows are elected for distinguished accomplishments in the sciences , arts and the humanities with an inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approach with an outstanding record of public service and are committed to addressing the pressing social problems confronting humanity today . The Academy strives to promote the growth of knowledge , enhance public awareness of the social consequences and policy implications of that growth , and provide `` leadership in thought that leads to action '' . The spirit of the academy can be expressed in the words of Albert Einstein `` The creations of our mind shall be a blessing and not a curse to mankind '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39d79b8c6da6508695e217257f29366c", "text": "Olof Aschberg Olof Aschberg ( 22 July 1877 -- 21 April 1960 ) was a Swedish banker and businessman . Aschberg was a leftist sympathizer and helped finance the Bolsheviks in Russia . In gratitude , the Bolshevik government allowed Aschberg to do business with Soviet Union during the 1920s . Aschberg became head of Ruskombank , the first Soviet international bank . Olof founded in Stockholm the first Swedish bank for trade unions and cooperatives ( Nya Banken ) in 1912 and became a friend of Hjalmar Branting . When financial operations in favour of the Germans in 1918 caused him trouble with the Allies of World War I , the bank was renamed Svensk Ekonomiebolaget . He was already a successful banker and businessman when he met first Willi Münzenberg who visited the Stockholm Youth Socialist Congress of 1917 . Later , during the Bolsheviks aspirations to rebuild the Russian economy , it was Münzenberg 's task to expand their modest pool of capital by floating a so-called `` workers ' loan '' using his `` Workers International Relief '' ( WIR ) . By means of this subterfuge the money used for buying machines and goods in the West looked like being the outcome of proletarian support , in reality it came directly from the Kremlin , confiscated from Russia 's rich and the Church . Established in Berlin in the 1920s , Aschberg 's Guarantee and Credit Bank for the East was charged with repayment of the WIR workers ' loan , although he had not been very fond of it from its very beginning on and had even contributed to deep six it soon after the launch . Aschberg had already gained the Soviet leaders ' esteem by being one of the main connections in the early years after 1917 in evading the international boycott on gold robbed by the Bolsheviks , which he offered on the Stockholm market after having the bullions melted down and given new markings . He built up a collection of Russian icons with 245 pieces which he donated to the Swedish Nationalmuseum at Stockholm in 1933 . This largest and finest collection of icons outside Russia was supplemented in 1952 and put the Nationalmuseum among the leading museums in this field . At the end of the 1920s Aschberg moved to France , where he bought Château du Bois du Rocher at Jouy-en-Josas , in 1950 offered to the Unesco and subsequently sold to the Yvelines department . He helped finance the Popular Front during the Spanish Civil War . Again Münzenberg was often invited to Aschberg 's Paris townhouse on the place Casimir-Périer and received the funds for launching Die Zukunft ( The Future ) , a weekly political broadsheet . The Left Bank townhouse was gradually transformed into a kind of all-purpose Münzenberg salon , which did attract the attention of the Gestapo , spying on the meetings taking place there . With the outbreak of World War II Aschberg was interned in Camp Vernet by the French authorities . Due to his Jewish background he was endangered when France was invaded by Nazi Germany in 1940 and could not sooner as January 1941 leave Europe via Lisbon when Vichy government gave order to set him free . Aschberg and his family fled to the United States where he immediately started to support the Free World Association . After the war , Aschberg moved back to Sweden . In 1946 he started publishing his memoirs in three volumes ( En vandrande jude från Glasbruksgatan , Återkomsten , and Gästboken ) and he invited Margarete Buber-Neumann to write there Under Two Dictators : Prisoner of Stalin and Hitler . Olof is the grandfather of the journalists Robert Aschberg and Richard Aschberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c34b242601efab0d8b87ec3a2ef19c6", "text": "Raphael Ouzan Raphael Ouzan is an Israeli technologist and entrepreneur . The recipient of Israel 's President 's Award for Technology and Innovation , he is the co-founder of BillGuard and the founder and chairman of Israel Tech Challenge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a93ed58ae22180fdc197e801787a65d", "text": "Weissberg Weissberg is a surname . Notable people with the name include : Alexander Weissberg-Cybulski , Polish-Austrian physicist Eric Weissberg , American musician Leib Weissberg , Polish rabbi Peter Weissberg , British physician Robert Weissberg , American political scientist Roger Weissberg , American psychologist Drossel Weissberg , a fictional character from Atelier Firis : The Alchemist and the Mysterious Journey", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc51ea52284d599537f17594eae7962f", "text": "Rudolf Baranik Rudolf Baranik ( 1920 -- 1998 ) was an artist , educator and writer . Born in Lithuania , he immigrated to the United States in 1938 . He was well known in the art world for his political advocacy , and was one of the first artists to organize protests against the war in Vietnam . Some of his best known works are the Napalm Elegies , a series of 30 antiwar paintings created between 1967 and 1974 . His art was inspired by his sense of the gross inequities around the world , and he led virtually every progressive political movement within the New York art world from the 1960s to the mid-1990s . Significant exhibitions and awards include :1981 Guggenheim Fellowship in Fine Arts , 1982 `` Art Couples 1 : May Stevens and Rudolf Baranik , '' P.S. 1 , New York , NY , and 1966 Peace Tower . Baranik 's art is included in many collections , including the Museum of Modern Art in New York , the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Hirshhorn Museum . Baranik died in Eldorado , New Mexico in 1998 . The paintings of Rudolf Baranik are increasingly thought to be among the most important works of the New York School painting of the 1960s and 1970s , with the late paintings in particular considered by American art critic , Donald Kuspit , `` the true climax of fifty years of Western abstract painting . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2134cc858b0b64260325c4dfc70ee67", "text": "Milton Steinberg Milton Steinberg ( November 25 , 1903 -- March 20 , 1950 ) was an American rabbi , philosopher , theologian and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ccb39b1d795c2ac8c797ac5300bf4f", "text": "Tomasz Rut Tomasz Rut ( pronounced root ) was born in 1961 and raised in Warsaw , Poland , the son of an Olympic athlete father and artist mother who together encouraged a love of art and the classics . During his childhood Rut was introduced to the Pompeiien Frescos as well as Renaissance and Baroque art , which have influenced his oils on canvas , murals , and graphic works . Rut had his first showing in Warsaw at the age of eleven . Trained in Art Conservation at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw , Rut continued his education in New York City at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and at Columbia University in Manhattan . He eventually took a job in art conservation for the Biltmore House in Asheville , North Carolina , traveling the east coast restoring large scale murals in museums and mansions for such clients as the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington , DC , the New Jersey State House in Trenton , the Gusman Center for the Arts and Vizcaya Museum in Miami . It was during these travels he began to notice the void of figurative paintings from the past that one could purchase , so Rut invented a style aimed at filling this void . This style incorporated cracked canvasses that mimic aged Italian frescoes and figurative oils . `` The one element evident in all of my paintings is the superficial patina or aging , '' which is created with a variety of transparent and semitransparent glazes , giving each work the aged and classic appearance that exemplifies Rut 's style . Rut 's mural size paintings are contemporary conversions of the classical vocabulary variously continued by Michelangelo , Raphael , Titian , and Rubens . In making them he returns to antiquity by a double detour . First , he sets in motion the charming unreal apparatus of the Quattrocento mise-en-scene , and more importantly its heroic nudity , vigorous modeling , expressive anatomic structure , powerful movement and fascinating physiognomy . Tinged with sadness , his super-human youths play once more on Arcadian pipes ( i.e. pan flute ) - a motif also reprised by Matisse . Alternatively , he offers us impossible delicate , gracile females - ` still unravished bride ( s ) of quietness ' - delimiting them with sylvan togas and braided tresses . Nor does he leave rearing steeds , which in the grand manner represent humanity 's turbulent passions . Dorothy Keane-White , Art Curator & Director for Northwood University . The subjects of Rut 's paintings , whether a figure , horse , or object , is at the center of every work , surrounded by compressed space with few background details to distract from the subject .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6e270f24cde0e5a3e9d2a73902e4db43	Divergent was released on Blu-ray.	[ { "docid": "d9d92ed5004545e97e46b343ca198b9b", "text": "Divergent (film) Divergent is a 2014 American science fiction action film directed by Neil Burger , based on the novel of the same name by Veronica Roth . The film is the first installment in The Divergent Series and was produced by Lucy Fisher , Pouya Shabazian , and Douglas Wick , with a screenplay by Evan Daugherty and Vanessa Taylor . It stars Shailene Woodley , Theo James , Ashley Judd , Jai Courtney , Ray Stevenson , Zoë Kravitz , Miles Teller , Tony Goldwyn , Ansel Elgort , Maggie Q and Kate Winslet . The story takes place in a dystopian and post-apocalyptic Chicago where people are divided into distinct factions based on human virtues . Beatrice Prior is warned that she is Divergent and thus will never fit into any one of the factions . She soon learns that a sinister plot is brewing in the seemingly perfect society . Development of Divergent began in March 2011 when Summit Entertainment picked up the film rights to the novel with Douglas Wick and Lucy Fisher 's production company Red Wagon Entertainment . Principal photography began April 16 , 2013 , and concluded on July 16 , 2013 , with reshoots taking place from January 24 -- 26 , 2014 . Production mostly took place in Chicago . Divergent was released on March 21 , 2014 , in the United States . The film received mixed reviews from critics , with praise going towards its concepts and action , and criticism focused on its execution . Reviewers found the film to be generic and unoriginal , comparing it unfavorably to other young adult fiction adaptations . Despite this , the film was a financial success as it reached the # 1 spot at the box office during its opening weekend . After its release , the film earned over US$ 288 million worldwide against its budget of US$ 85 million . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 5 , 2014 . A sequel , Insurgent , was released on March 20 , 2015 in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d0f2d456825c0a89c597cb1068913397", "text": "The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game . The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA . Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe4ee74c7d935cb381a9fbaedfd4c40", "text": "20th Century Fox Film Noir 20th Century Fox Film Noir refers to a collection of films released on DVD by 20th Century Fox . The series , a spinoff of the earlier Fox Studio Classics line , was premiered in March 2005 , with the release of the inaugural titles Call Northside 777 , Laura and Panic in the Streets . Like the earlier Studio Classics line , Fox Film Noir DVDs are numbered on their spines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95208e443e2759021f858099b13ed21", "text": "List of accolades received by 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British independent biographical adventure film directed by Danny Boyle . It stars James Franco in the principal role as real-life mountain climber Aron Ralston , whose hand was trapped under a boulder in a Utah ravine for more than five days in April 2003 . Adapted from Ralston 's autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard Place , 127 Hourss screenplay was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy . Distributors Fox Searchlight and Pathé gave the feature limited releases in the United States and United Kingdom on 5 November 2010 and 7 January 2011 , respectively . It grossed # 35.8 million at the box office by the end of its worldwide theatrical run . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator surveyed 215 reviews and judged 93 % to be positive . Additionally , 127 Hours appeared on more than two dozen movie reviewers ' Top Ten lists for the best movies of 2010 . The film has received honors for its direction , music , cinematography and writing , as well as for the lead performance by Franco . At the 68th Golden Globe Awards ceremony , 127 Hours earned three nominations : for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , Best Original Score and Best Screenplay . The picture was nominated in nine Satellite Award categories , including direction , score , sound , original song and visual effects . It also received nine nominations from the Broadcast Film Critics Association . The 64th British Academy Film Awards nominated it for eight of their awards , including Best Director , Best Editing , Best Music and Best Sound . Additionally , 127 Hours was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film , but lost to The King 's Speech . It performed similarly at the 83rd Academy Awards , where it was nominated in six categories : Best Actor , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score , Best Original Song ( for `` If I Rise '' ) and Best Picture , but lost respectively in all categories to The King 's Speech , The Social Network , and Toy Story 3 . Franco was named Best Actor by the New York Film Critics Online and 2010 Independent Spirit Awards . He also received recognition from the Screen Actors Guild , at their 17th annual ceremony . Franco 's arm amputation scene towards the end of 127 Hours was nominated at the viewer-voted 2011 MTV Movie Awards . Boyle 's and Beaufoy 's efforts on the movie 's script earned them nominations from the Writers Guild of America and Evening Standard British Film Awards . Along with producer Christian Colson , Boyle garnered another nomination , this time from the Producers Guild of America . The Detroit Film Critics Society honored Boyle as Best Director . Suttirat Larlarb 's input on the movie 's production design earned her one nomination from the Art Directors Guild . The film 's cinematography garnered nominations at the 2010 Houston Film Critics Awards and the 2010 San Diego Film Critics Society Awards . The American Film Institute listed 127 Hours as one of the ten best movies of 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ea8c0dd7ff3e428e95c48ca9919da4", "text": "Pokémon: Arceus and the Jewel of Life Pokémon : Arceus and the Jewel of Life , originally released in Japan as , is a 2009 Japanese anime film directed by Kunihiko Yuyama . It is the twelfth Pokémon film and the third in the Diamond & Pearl trilogy . This film so far has earned US$ 50.2 million in Japan , making it the highest grossing animated film of the year in that country , beating Evangelion : 2.0 You Can ( Not ) Advance and Detective Conan : The Raven Chaser . The English language dub was aired on November 6 , 2009 , in Australia , November 20 , 2009 , in the United States in theaters and on Cartoon Network , on May 28 , 2010 , in the United Kingdom on Disney XD UK and The Spanish language dub was aired on Spain April 4 , 2010 , on Disney XD and Latin America on November 21 , 2010 , on Cartoon Network . This marks the first time that a Pokémon feature film has made its U.S. debut in the same year as its original Japanese release before the Japanese DVD release on December 18 , 2009 . The theme song of the film is `` Kokoro no Antenna '' by Shoko Nakagawa . Cartoon Network ( Pakistan ) aired the movie in August 2011 . The movie 's fictitious setting is based on various locations in Greece , which the director and producers visited during August 2008 . Among the locations they visited and have been used as inspiration for the movie were the Acropolis , Mycenae , Delphi , Metéora . The DVD was released on Monday 28 November 2011 in the UK by Universal , as the third Pokémon DVD to come out in the UK since The Rise of Darkrai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7e0664c4ef1a3eebeb6eb0d04247607", "text": "2017 in home video The following films , television shows and miniseries have been released or are scheduled to be released on Blu-ray Disc and/or DVD on the following dates in 2017 in the United States and Canada . Specific details are subject to change .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab809db135e577ea9b93f3f15f6ebc1b", "text": "Loups=Garous is a 2010 animated science fiction film . It was directed by Junichi Fujisaku and produced by Production I.G and TransArts . The movie was released on August 28 , 2010 . Features music by the rock band SCANDAL , who are also featured in the film as cameos . It is licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks and in United Kingdom by Manga UK . It is available for purchase on DVD and Blu-ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1dbaa235194627ebe027f8a43d8b229", "text": "Mortal Kombat (2011 video game) Mortal Kombat is a fighting video game developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment . The game is the ninth main installment in the Mortal Kombat series and is a reboot of the franchise . The game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 systems in April 2011 , and a PlayStation Vita port was released in May 2012 . An expanded version of the game , titled Mortal Kombat : Komplete Edition , was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in February 2012 and for Microsoft Windows in July 2013 . Although beginning during the events of Mortal Kombat : Armageddon , the plot is a retcon to the earliest period in the Mortal Kombat series , the events of Mortal Kombat , Mortal Kombat II and Mortal Kombat 3 ( as well as the latter title 's two updates ) . The storyline involves the divine protector of Earth , Raiden , attempting to change the aftermath of the events of Armageddon by contacting his past self as he faces defeat at the hands of the evil emperor of Outworld , Shao Kahn . While having characters and levels rendered in three-dimensions , the gameplay distances itself from the fully 3D graphics one seen in the last four games , bearing closer resemblance to that of the 2D era of the series , using a camera that is perpendicular to the two-dimensional playing field . Upon release , Mortal Kombat received very positive reviews and won several awards for fighting game of the year . It was also a commercial success , selling more than two million copies in the first month alone . Due to its extremely violent content , the game was banned in Australia due to the lack of appropriate ratings category , and South Korea , and it has been reportedly indexed in Germany ; the Australian ban was later lifted due to the introduction of an R18 classification and the game was released with many other R rated games in May 2014 . Mortal Kombat was followed by the sequel Mortal Kombat X in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0abf873a90b8ef80a7ad80aafd53c77", "text": "Blur 21 Blur 21 is a CD , DVD and vinyl box set encompassing the vast majority of music by Blur . It was released on 30 July 2012 , commemorating the 21st anniversary of the release of Leisure , the band 's first album . The release took place before the band 's performance at Hyde Park as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony . One version of the box-set consists of eighteen CDs , three DVDs , one vinyl 7 '' record ( of the early Seymour track `` Superman '' ) and a hardcover book acting as a complete biography of the band . The CDs contain all seven Blur albums , with the first five remastered , with each album receiving a new second disc of B-side material ; as well as four ` rarities ' discs containing mostly previously unreleased material . The DVDs contain Showtime , The Singles Night and an all-new rarities disc . It is the band 's most retrospective release . Another boxset , Blur 21 Vinyl Edition , was released at the same time , featuring the band 's seven studio albums on heavyweight vinyl , each of the LPs repackaged as a double album except for Leisure , a single album . The vinyl edition does not , however , include any previously unreleased material . As above , the Blur 21 CD/DVD/7 '' single pack contains many previously unreleased recordings , including the long-awaited releases of previously known about songs like `` Pap Pop , '' `` Beached Whale '' and `` Sir Elton John 's Cock . '' Yet some previously released songs by the band have not been listed as featuring on the box set , such as `` Colours , '' a Think Tank outtake released as a fan club single in 2003 . Likewise , some unreleased songs are not featured on the box set , like `` Death Metal , '' a jam session from the 13 sessions in 1998 , and `` For Old Time 's Sake , '' recorded in 1993 for The Sunday Sunday Popular Community Song CD , but left off the EP , due to it possibly being deleted or lost . Additionally , no material from the band 's 1998 live recording and remix album Bustin ' + Dronin ' appears on the box set . Rarities 4 , one of the bonus albums in the box set , features an early mix of `` Under the Westway '' with some differences between it and the 2012 single version . The box set also includes a special code to download all the music content as MP3 , along with all the Blurb magazine issues and extra content with audio commentary and unreleased footage per album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "209ac55ef712ec002512e310446ff498", "text": "Perfect Dark Zero Perfect Dark Zero is a first-person shooter video game developed by Rare and published by Microsoft Game Studios . It was exclusively released as a launch title for the Xbox 360 video game console on November 22 , 2005 in North America and December 2 , 2005 in Europe . The game is part of the Perfect Dark series and a prequel to the original Perfect Dark . The story of the game follows bounty hunter Joanna Dark as she joins the Carrington Institute agency to prevent rival corporation dataDyne from getting possession of an ancient artifact which endows individuals with superhuman powers . Perfect Dark Zero features a campaign mode consisting of 14 missions that can be played co-operatively and a multiplayer mode where a maximum of 32 players can compete against each other in numerous types of deathmatch and objective-based games . Both the co-operative and multiplayer modes support split-screen , system link , and the Xbox Live online service . The game was under development for five years and was originally intended to be released for the Nintendo GameCube and later the Xbox . During development , several intended features were canceled so that the game could meet the Xbox 360 launch . Upon release , Perfect Dark Zero sold more than one million copies worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics , garnering a score of 81 out of 100 at review aggregate website Metacritic . The game 's numerous multiplayer modes singled out as strong features . However , some critics felt that the game did not meet the expectations , criticising single-player aspects such as its story and voice acting . In 2015 , the game was included in the Rare Replay video game compilation for Xbox One .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7c7e6e5d04ebbd64303008ab55a8e60", "text": "Space Squad is a set of two V-Cinema movies , first released in Japanese theaters in June 17 , 2017 while DVD and Blu-Ray releases were made on separate dates . It features the crossover between 2012 Metal Hero Series movie Space Sheriff Gavan : The Movie and the twenty-eighth Super Sentai Series entry Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger , both works are distributed by Toei Company . In addition , past actors from Metal Hero Series are also set to appear as guests in the films . Both director Koichi Sakamoto and writer Naruhisa Arakawa previously worked in Space Sheriffs : Next Generation . Another work from Space Sheriff Gavan was planned since 2015 but production was moved to 2016 due to Sakamoto 's scheduling conflicts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08179929bdde5b44cf8e90a213adb06a", "text": "Beverly Hills Cop III Beverly Hills Cop III is a 1994 American action comedy film starring Eddie Murphy and directed by John Landis , who had previously worked with Murphy on Trading Places and Coming to America . It is the third film in the Beverly Hills Cop trilogy , and a sequel to Beverly Hills Cop II . Murphy again plays Detroit cop Axel Foley , who once again returns to Beverly Hills , California , to stop a gang of counterfeiters who are responsible for the death of his boss . Foley teams up with his friend , Beverly Hills detective Billy Rosewood ( Judge Reinhold ) , and his investigation leads him to an amusement park known as Wonder World . The film features a number of cameo appearances by well-known film personalities , including Robert B. Sherman , Arthur Hiller , John Singleton , Joe Dante , special effects legend Ray Harryhausen , and George Lucas as a ride patron . Beverly Hills Cop III was released on May 25 , 1994 and grossed $ 42 million in the United States , and over $ 77 million in the foreign box office . The film was considered by critics and Murphy himself as the weakest film in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf49a69fb34b3cc0c27640a3fdaab4c0", "text": "Hybrid DVD Hybrid DVD was the name for discs such as HD DVD and Blu-ray before they were released . This was started when the CEO of Sony called for a `` Hybrid DVD that all DVD players can use and extend to all the beauty and surreal images of a High Definition display . '' Category : DVD", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17086c772a33ab1ac4e238e3fe061599", "text": "Terry Pratchett's Hogfather Terry Pratchett 's Hogfather is a two-part television film adaptation of Hogfather by Terry Pratchett , produced by The Mob , and first broadcast on Sky One , and in High Definition on Sky1 HD , over Christmas 2006 . First aired in two 1.5 hour episodes on the 17th and 18 December 2006 at 20:00 UTC , it was the first live-action film adaptation of a Discworld novel . In 2007 , the two episodes were rerun on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day respectively on Sky One and Sky1 HD . Hogfather won the Interactivity Award at the 2007 BAFTA TV Awards for its use of the interactive options available on digital television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b46578ff98ccd196ef9c721a5d0481f", "text": "Digimon Data Squad Digimon Data Squad , known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation , serving as the fifth series in the Digimon franchise , the first to be produced in four years following 2002 's Digimon Frontier . The series aired in Japan on Fuji TV between April 2 , 2006 and March 25 , 2007 . An English-language version was produced by Studiopolis in conjunction with Toei Animation USA and Disney Enterprises and aired in North America on Jetix ( and subsequently Disney XD ) between October 1 , 2007 and November 1 , 2008 . It aired in the United Kingdom on Kix ! . A movie based on the series was released in Japan on December 9 , 2006 . The series was later succeeded by Digimon Fusion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c407670dae572e77433bfaeed170c232", "text": "Jellyfish Eyes is a 2013 Japanese fantasy film directed by contemporary artist Takashi Murakami . His debut feature film , it was released in Japan on April 26 , 2013 . Jellyfish Eyes was released on Blu-Ray in Japan on January 24 , 2014 ; The Criterion Collection released the film on DVD and Blu-Ray in North America on December 8 , 2015 . A sequel to the film has been announced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "285dbf39dd5c4bd071268f6cc787089f", "text": "Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .", "title": "" } ]	fever
336bd1a1469bf1663376f9699bb90112	Liverpool F.C.'s anthem is "You'll Never Walk Alone".	[ { "docid": "54321a234bb54eff066aac839d6a76cd", "text": "Liverpool F.C. Liverpool Football Club ( -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- ) is a professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , England . They compete in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won 5 European Cups , 3 UEFA Cups , 3 UEFA Super Cups , 18 League titles , 7 FA Cups , a record 8 League Cups , and 15 FA Community Shields . The club was founded in 1892 and joined the Football League the following year . The club has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in both English and European football during the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to 11 League titles and seven European trophies . Under the management of Rafa Benítez and captained by Steven Gerrard Liverpool became European champion for the fifth time , winning the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan in spite of being 3 -- 0 down at half time . Liverpool was the ninth highest-earning football club in the world for 2014 -- 15 , with an annual revenue of $ 391 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2016 , valued at $ 1.55 billion . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably the North West Derby against Manchester United and the Merseyside derby with Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies . The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall in the Heysel Stadium , with 39 people -- mostly Italians and Juventus fans -- dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition . The second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . The club 's anthem is `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "837f89417f47740b29583846962fa84d", "text": "Danny Murphy (footballer, born 1977) Daniel Ben `` Danny '' Murphy ( born 18 March 1977 ) is an English former footballer who played as a central midfielder . Having begun his career at Crewe Alexandra in 1993 , he moved to Liverpool in 1997 , where he won a treble of the League Cup , FA Cup and UEFA Cup in 2001 . During his time at Liverpool he scored the winning goal against Manchester United at Old Trafford three times , each a 1 -- 0 win . After brief spells at Charlton Athletic and Tottenham Hotspur he joined Fulham , whom he helped reach the 2010 UEFA Europa League Final , and ended his career at Blackburn Rovers . He served as captain at his last two clubs . Murphy made nine appearances for the England team from his debut in 2001 , scoring once . Since retiring , he has been a regular analyst on the BBC programme Match of the Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "344acb1ab2fe5743c4982fdcfee21af2", "text": "Stanley Park Stadium Stanley Park was a proposed football stadium in Stanley Park , Liverpool that if built , would have become home to Liverpool Football Club , replacing their current home ground Anfield . The stadium had a planned capacity of 60,000 ( potentially expandable to 73,000 ) all-seated . There were two designs that were given planning permission . One was designed by architects AFL with a capacity of 60,000 , the second was a more expensive futuristic design by Dallas-based architects HKS , which would originally seat 60,000 with capacity for further expansion to 73,000 . As of January 2012 only small site preparation work had been completed . A change in owners resulted in the plans for Stanley Park Stadium being reexamined . In October 2012 new owners Fenway Sports Group announced their decision to redevelop and expand the current club stadium Anfield ( in a similar way that they redeveloped Fenway Park for the Boston Red Sox ) rather than proceed with the planned new stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3b39e612dd90efcf21a3aa64f63739f", "text": "James Milner James Philip Milner ( born 4 January 1986 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Liverpool . A versatile player , he has been utilised in many different positions such as on the wing , in midfield and most recently at left-back . Milner 's talent in football , cricket , and long-distance running was recognised at a very young age . He represented his school in these sports and played football for amateur teams from Rawdon and Horsforth . He supported Leeds United from a young age and was a season ticket holder at the club . In 1996 , he joined the Leeds United youth academy . He made his debut for the first team in 2002 aged only 16 and gained prominence as the youngest player to score in the Premier League . While at Leeds United , he spent time on loan at Swindon Town to gain experience as a first-team player . Following his move to Newcastle United , he was loaned to Aston Villa for a season . He went on to make over 100 appearances for Newcastle , before returning to Aston Villa on a permanent transfer in 2008 . After playing an influential role in Aston Villa 's run to the 2010 League Cup Final and being named 2009 -- 10 PFA Young Player of the Year , Milner joined Manchester City for a reported # 26m transfer fee in 2010 , going on to win the 2011 -- 12 and 2013 -- 14 Premier League titles , 2010 -- 11 FA Cup and 2013 -- 14 League Cup . After five seasons with Manchester City , Milner signed for Liverpool on a free transfer in 2015 . Milner made a record 46 appearances for the England national under-21 football team , playing at the 2007 and 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championships . He also played 61 appearances for the full English national team , scoring once against Moldova . He was selected for the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cup squads , as well as the 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 UEFA Euro Championships . Milner retired from international football in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8ff10a7d917dc01fa8e842d3a653eee", "text": "Jessica Clarke Jessica Anne `` Jess '' Clarke ( born 5 May 1989 ) is an English footballer who plays as a winger or forward for FA WSL club Liverpool and the England national team . After beginning her career with hometown team Leeds United ( known as Leeds Carnegie between 2008 and 2010 ) , Clarke joined Lincoln Ladies in 2010 and remained with the club when it re-branded as Notts County four years later . After six seasons at Notts County , Clarke signed for league rivals Liverpool in April 2017 . Since making her senior England debut in 2009 , Clarke has won over 40 caps . She has represented her country at two editions of the UEFA Women 's Championship and at the 2011 FIFA Women 's World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "030ced645310cdf65dfaf4850eb5b7d4", "text": "Grade II listed buildings in Liverpool-L7 Liverpool is a city and port in Merseyside , England , which contains many listed buildings . A listed building is a structure designated by English Heritage of being of architectural and/or of historical importance and , as such , is included in the National Heritage List for England . There are three grades of listing , according to the degree of importance of the structure . Grade I includes those buildings that are of `` exceptional interest , sometimes considered to be internationally important '' ; the buildings in Grade II * are `` particularly important buildings of more than special interest '' ; and those in Grade II are `` nationally important and of special interest '' . Very few buildings are included in Grade I -- only 2.5 % of the total . Grade II * buildings represent 5.5 % of the total , while the great majority , 92 % , are included in Grade II . Liverpool contains more than 1,550 listed buildings , of which 28 are in Grade I , 109 in Grade II * , and the rest in Grade II . This list contains the Grade II listed buildings in the L7 postal district of Liverpool . The district stretches from buildings used by the University of Liverpool in the area around Abercromby Square in the west of the district , to the suburbs of Edge Hill and Kensington in the east . It is mainly residential , and a high proportion of the buildings in the list are houses . Residential development started in 1819 -- 20 in Abercromby Square , and many of the houses here and elsewhere date from the 1820s , 1830s , and 1840s . To the east , the district includes Edge Hill railway station , the world 's first railway station , and there are three Grade II listed buildings relating to it . Also in the district is Wavertree Botanic Gardens , which contains two Grade II listed buildings , the lodge and a fountain . In addition to these , this list contains three churches and a chapel ( some of which have been converted into other uses ) , a library , a bank , a public house , a former hospital , the entrance to a cemetery , a students ' union , a war memorial , and a pillar box . Grade II listed buildings from other areas in the city can be found through the template on the right , along with the lists of the Grade I and Grade II * buildings in the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5933919f469a4775fd39d6e3028ea926", "text": "List of Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. records and statistics Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club is an English football club based in Wolverhampton . The club was founded as St Luke 's in 1877 , soon becoming Wolverhampton Wanderers , before being a founder member of the Football League in 1888 . Since that time , the club has played in all four professional divisions of the English football pyramid , and been champions of all these levels . They have also been involved in European football , having been one of the first English clubs to enter the European Cup , as well as reaching the final of the first staging of the UEFA Cup . This list encompasses all honours won by Wolverhampton Wanderers and records set by the club , their managers and their players . The player records section includes details of the club 's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions , as well as transfer fee records paid and received by the club . A list of streaks recording all elements of the game ( wins , losses , clean sheets , etc. ) is also presented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bcb9969e08c189e6d43b8ef87aae4f7", "text": "Liverpool Irish The Liverpool Irish is a unit of the British Army 's Territorial Army , raised in 1860 as a volunteer corps of infantry . Conversion to an anti-aircraft regiment occurred in 1947 , but the regimental status of the Liverpool Irish ceased in 1955 upon reduction to a battery . Since 1967 , the lineage of the Liverpool Irish has been perpetuated by `` A '' Troop , in 208 ( 3rd West Lancashire ) Battery , 103rd ( Lancashire Artillery Volunteers ) Regiment . The 103rd has provided individual reinforcements to regular artillery regiments equipped with the AS-90 and L118 . Liverpool 's large Irish community formed the 64th Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps on 25 April 1860 , one of many volunteer corps raised in Lancashire in response to heightened tension with France . The Liverpool Irish became a volunteer ( later Territorial Force ) battalion of the King 's ( Liverpool Regiment ) in July 1881 . As such , it fought in the Second Boer War and First World War , sustaining thousands of casualties in numerous battles that prominently included Givenchy , Guillemont , Third Ypres , and the Hundred Days Offensive . Disbanded after the Great War in 1922 , the Liverpool Irish reformed in 1939 before the Second World War and constituted the nucleus of the 7th Beach Group that landed at Juno Beach on 6 June 1944 , D-Day . Irish heritage was asserted in the traditions and uniform of the Liverpool Irish . Once adopting a uniform similar in appearance to the Royal Irish Rifles , the Liverpool Irish eventually wore the caubeen headdress with red and blue hackle ; the attire of pipers the battalion maintained on its strength included the saffron kilt and shawl . While the battalion derived pride from its Irish identity , some , including the 17th Earl of Derby , associated Irish status with indiscipline and disobedience , which the Liverpool Irish gained a reputation for .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3d4e3702f626de4f623a4a9d3c23167", "text": "1983–84 Manchester United F.C. season The 1983 -- 84 season was Manchester United 's 82nd season in the Football League , and their 9th consecutive season in the top division of English football . As FA Cup holders they suffered a shock exit at the hands of Third Division underdogs Bournemouth in the third round , but did reach the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup and were narrowly defeated by Juventus . They frequently led the league during the season but eventually finish fourth , having been held to a draw in 14 out of 42 games despite losing just eight times . Perhaps the most memorable game of the season was the European Cup Winners ' Cup quarter-final clash with Barcelona of Spain , a side featuring Diego Maradona . After going 2 -- 0 down in the first leg , United achieved a remarkable 3 -- 0 win in the return leg at Old Trafford . It was the breakthrough season at the club for young striker Mark Hughes , who scored four times late in the season , and the final season at the club for midfielder Ray Wilkins who exited Old Trafford at the end of the campaign to sign for Milan . Captain Bryan Robson stayed at the club despite an attempt to sign him by Italian side Juventus . The close season saw the arrival of wingers Gordon Strachan and Jesper Olsen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb254cde2271f41078e56c7a84290a8", "text": "1994–95 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season The 1994 -- 95 season was Blackburn Rovers F.C. 's third season in the Premier League , and their third consecutive season in the top division of English football . The season was marked by the club winning the Premier League title , ending their 81-year run without an English league title . They ended up winning the title by a one-point margin over Manchester United . Rovers led the way for most of the season , but a 2 -- 1 defeat at Kenny Dalglish 's old club Liverpool on the final day of the season briefly appeared to threaten their title hopes . Manchester United however could only draw ( 1 -- 1 ) at West Ham so the league title was back at Blackburn for the first time since 1914 . Jack Walker 's dream had come true : within five years of buying the club , he had taken them from strugglers in the old Second Division to champions of England . Early exits from the League Cup , FA Cup and UEFA Cup to Liverpool , Newcastle and Trelleborg respectively were frustrating for Rovers in 1994 -- 95 , but turned out for the best as they could concentrate on the league challenge . Kenny Dalglish won the Premier League Manager of the Year award for leading Blackburn to success , Alan Shearer won both the Golden Boot for contributing 34 of Blackburn 's 80 league goals and also the PFA Players ' Player of the Year award as nominated by his fellow professionals . Graeme Le Saux , Colin Hendry , Tim Sherwood and Shearer all made it into the PFA Team of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b8c99d536baaabea09f5b11d5e1aa6", "text": "East Lancashire derby The East Lancashire Derby also known as the `` Cotton Mills Derby '' is a football match between Blackburn Rovers F.C. and Burnley F.C. . The nickname originates from the fact that Blackburn and Burnley were former mill towns . The first ever competitive league match between these two former English football champions and founder members of the Football League , took place at Turf Moor on 3 November 1888 , Blackburn won the game 7 -- 1 . Blackburn also won the return fixture at Ewood Park 4 -- 2 . From a town standpoint there is an obvious geographical reason for the rivalry as the two Lancashire towns only lie 11 miles ( 18 km ) apart . Accrington Stanley F.C. stands in the middle , but is not taken seriously as a rival by either . Another alleged reason for the increased hostilities is that Blackburn complained to the Football League about Burnley 's illegal number of Scottish players in the 1890s . Blackburn Rovers were founded in 1875 and in the following years , many other clubs were formed in the region such as Accrington F.C. in 1886 and Clitheroe Central in 1877 , due to football being passionately taken up by the area . Another such club was Burnley Rovers , who started out as a rugby club until changing codes in 1882 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10f310bc4baf59e3e9d9d7e677c463d2", "text": "Georginio Wijnaldum Georginio Gregion Emile `` Gini '' Wijnaldum ( -LSB- d͡ʒɔrˈd͡ʒiɲoː ʋɛiˈnɑldɵm -RSB- ; born 11 November 1990 ) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Liverpool and the Netherlands national team . A youth product of Eredivisie side Feyenoord , he became the youngest player ever to represent the club when he made his debut in 2007 , and went on to play 134 matches over the course of a five-year spell . Following his departure from Feyernood , Wijnaldum then spent four seasons at PSV Eindhoven where he won the KNVB Cup in the first season and the Eredivisie in the last . He also earned the Dutch Footballer of the Year award during his time in Eindhoven . In 2015 , Wijnaldum joined Premier League side Newcastle United for # 14.5 million , before departing following the club 's relegation a year later to join Liverpool in a # 23 million deal . Wijnaldum is also a full Dutch international , having earned more than 30 caps since making his debut in 2011 , and was a member of the squad which came third at the 2014 FIFA World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50c8642a1b7b4079ad58136f708052ff", "text": "2013–14 Everton F.C. season The 2013 -- 14 season was Everton 's 22nd season in the Premier League and 60th consecutive season in the top division of English football . It was also Everton 's 115th season of league football and 117th season in all competitions . It was the first season without David Moyes as manager since 2002 , with Moyes leaving Everton to succeed Alex Ferguson as manager of Manchester United . In addition , the club crest was redesigned ahead of this season for the first time since 2000 . On 5 June 2013 , Roberto Martínez was announced as the new Everton manager , having left his post at relegated FA Cup holders Wigan Athletic . Everton finished in sixth position in the domestic league in the previous season , missing out on qualification for the UEFA Europa League , meaning it failed to qualify for any European competitions for the fourth season running . Everton 's Premier League campaign began in August 2013 with Martínez changing their style of play to a possession based , attractive brand of football which initially led to three successive draws to start the season . A first victory came in the next match 1 -- 0 against Chelsea and by Christmas Everton had only suffered one defeat , a run which included a win over Moyes ' Manchester United , the first time the club had tasted success at Old Trafford in 21 years . The team almost went an entire year unbeaten at home but lost 1 -- 0 against Sunderland on Boxing Day . Everton 's progress stalled somewhat in the early part of 2014 with three losses in four games against Liverpool , Tottenham Hotspur and Chelsea , before winning seven league games in a row for the first time since 1987 . The spell contained perhaps Everton 's best performance of the season when they defeated Arsenal 3 -- 0 . The streak was ended with a 3 -- 2 home defeat by Crystal Palace , but Everton returned to do the double over Manchester United for the first time since 1969 . Moyes was sacked as their manager a day later . Two defeats in a row after this ended Everton 's Champions League hopes but a finish of 5th in the league table is their highest in five years with Everton qualifying for next season 's Europa League . Martínez utilised the loan market during the season , with Romelu Lukaku ( on loan from Chelsea ) being Everton 's top scorer with 16 goals in all competitions . The emergence of young players such as Ross Barkley , John Stones and summer signing James McCarthy was also a feature of his debut season in charge , with Barkley going on to be selected for England 's World Cup squad . Right back Séamus Coleman was named Everton 's player of the year . In the cup competitions Everton lost in the sixth round of the FA Cup ( entered at round three ) and the third round of the League Cup ( entered at round two ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e2edf5bbfe75d82fce40dce813b059c", "text": "2011–12 Football League Cup The 2011 -- 12 Football League Cup , known as the Carling Cup due to the competition 's sponsorship by lager brand Carling , was the 52nd season of the Football League Cup , a knock-out competition for England 's top 92 football clubs . Birmingham City were the defending champions , having beaten Arsenal 2 -- 1 in last season 's Final , but were knocked out 2 -- 0 by Manchester City in the Third Round . Liverpool , the winner of the competition , qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2012 -- 13 UEFA Europa League . The final was held on 26 February 2012 , and was contested at Wembley Stadium between finalists Liverpool and Cardiff City . Cardiff were the first team outside the Premier League to appear in a League Cup final since 2001 . It was Liverpool 's first appearance at the new Wembley . Liverpool won the final 3 -- 2 on penalties , claiming a record eighth League Cup , after the score was 2 -- 2 after extra time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca4aff64c5519390825aa7dd02059bf", "text": "1990 FA Charity Shield The 1990 FA Charity Shield ( also known as the Tennent 's Charity Shield for sponsorship reasons ) was the 68th Charity Shield , a football match contested by the winners of the previous season 's Football League and FA Cup competitions . The match was played on 18 August 1990 between 1989 -- 90 Football League champions Liverpool and 1989 -- 90 FA Cup winners Manchester United . This would be the last time either team was to share the trophy , as new regulations were brought in two years later that allowed for extra time and subsequently a penalty shootout if a draw occurred in normal time . Utility player Clayton Blackmore opened the scoring for United in the first half , but a John Barnes penalty kick drew Liverpool level shortly after the break . The match finished at 1 -- 1 and the two sides shared the trophy for six months each . New signing Denis Irwin made his Manchester United debut in the game , beginning a 12-year spell at the club which would see him collect numerous major honours . Absent from the game was Manchester United captain Bryan Robson , who would be out of action until December that year due to injury , his place in the team being taken by Blackmore . As a curtain -- raiser to the match , the England women 's national football team played Italy . Carolina Morace scored all four goals in England 's 4 -- 1 defeat and made it onto the front page of the following day 's La Gazzetta dello Sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eafe12660b93174464c817d3f6a15693", "text": "Billy Liddell William Beveridge Liddell ( 10 January 1922 -- 3 July 2001 ) was a Scottish footballer , who played his entire professional career with Liverpool . He signed with the club as a teenager in 1938 and retired in 1961 , having scored 228 goals in 534 appearances ( placing Liddell fourth and 12th in the respective club rankings as of August 2010 ) . He was Liverpool 's leading goalscorer in the league in eight out of nine seasons from 1949 -- 50 to 1957 -- 58 , and surpassed Elisha Scott 's club record for most league appearances in 1957 . With Liverpool , Liddell won a league championship in 1947 and featured in the club 's 1950 FA Cup Final defeat by Arsenal . He represented Scotland at international level on 29 occasions . While serving as a Royal Air Force navigator during the Second World War , Liddell continued his career by appearing in unofficial games for Liverpool and guesting for various teams in the United Kingdom and Canada . After his retirement from football , in 1961 , Liddell occupied himself as a Justice of the Peace ( from 1958 ) , bursar of Liverpool University , and voluntary worker . He died in 2001 . Primarily a left winger , Liddell 's versatility enabled him to play comfortably on the opposite wing and as a striker , at centre and inside forward . Liddell became noted for his strong physique , acceleration , powerful shot , professionalism , and good conduct on the pitch . Such was his influence and popularity that the club acquired the contemporary nickname `` Liddellpool '' . Posthumous recognition has included a plaque unveiled in 2004 at Anfield and sixth place in a poll of Liverpool fans , conducted in 2006 under the title `` 100 Players Who Shook The Kop '' . He was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame in November 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "393e1c83b9c14342d25ff54ff0fdc6db", "text": "2001 FA Charity Shield The 2001 FA Charity Shield was the 79th FA Charity Shield , an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season 's Premier League and FA Cup . The match was contested between Liverpool , winners of the 2000 -- 01 FA Cup and Manchester United , who won the 2000 -- 01 Premier League on 12 August 2001 . It was the first Shield match to be held at the Millennium Stadium following the closure of Wembley Stadium for reconstruction . This was Liverpool 's 19th appearance and Manchester United 's 21st and the 5th time they had met in the competition . The anticipated meeting of Liverpool midfielder Steven Gerrard and new Manchester United signing Juan Sebastián Verón did not occur . Another omission from the Liverpool team was striker Robbie Fowler , who was left out of the matchday squad . New signings for both teams made an appearance , with defender John Arne Riise making his first appearance in English football for Liverpool , while striker Ruud van Nistelrooy made his debut for Manchester United . Watched by a crowd of 70,027 spectators , Liverpool took the lead in the second minute when Gary McAllister scored from a free kick after a foul on Danny Murphy by Roy Keane . Liverpool extended their lead in the 16th minute when striker Michael Owen scored . Manchester United scored in the second half through Van Nistelrooy but were unable to find the equalising goal in the remaining minutes . Thus , Liverpool won the match 2 -- 1 to win the Shield for the 14th time . Despite the victory , Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier was realistic about his team 's prospects in the upcoming 2001 -- 02 FA Premier League . Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson was critical of referee Andy D'Urso 's performance after he turned down two penalty appeals from his side during the match . Liverpool 's victory marked their 14th success , while the match was United 's fourth consecutive loss in the competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a53eefcf79eaa53ccae363220485044b", "text": "1973 UEFA Cup Final The 1973 UEFA Cup Final was an association football match played over two-legs between Liverpool of England and Borussia Mönchengladbach of West Germany . The first leg was played at Anfield , Liverpool on 10 May 1973 and the second leg was played on 23 May 1973 at the Bökelbergstadion , Mönchengladbach . It was the final of the 1972 -- 73 season of Europe 's secondary cup competition , the UEFA Cup . Liverpool and Mönchengladbach were both appearing in their first final , although Liverpool had previously reached the final of the European Cup Winners ' Cup losing 2 -- 1 to Borussia Dortmund . Each club needed to progress through four rounds to reach the final . Matches were contested over two legs , with a match at each team 's home ground . The majority of Liverpool 's ties were won by at least two goals , the exception was the semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur , which Liverpool won on the away goals rule . Borussia Mönchengladbach 's ties were predominantly one-sided . The West German team won by at least four goals in all four of their ties , a 9 -- 2 aggregate victory over Kaiserslautern represented their biggest margin of victory . Watched by a crowd of 41,169 at Anfield , Liverpool took the lead in the first leg when Kevin Keegan scored in the 21st minute . Another goal by Keegan in the first half , extended Liverpool 's lead and a further goal by Larry Lloyd meant Liverpool won the first leg 3 -- 0 . Therefore , in the second leg at the Bökelbergstadion , Liverpool had to avoid losing by three clear goals to win the competition . A crowd of 34,905 watched Borussia take the lead in the 29th minute courtesy of a Jupp Heynckes goal , he scored again 11 minutes later to double Borussia 's lead . Borussia were unable to find the third goal they needed to take the match into extra-time and won the second leg 2 -- 0 . Thus , Liverpool won the final 3 -- 2 on aggregate to win their first European trophy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aadba8b89158a569e52006220cfe3cd", "text": "Everton F.C. Everton F.C. -LSB- ˈɛvərtən -RSB- is a football club in Liverpool , England , that currently competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club have competed in the top division for a record 114 seasons and won the League Championship nine times , and the FA Cup five times . Formed in 1878 , Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later . Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins , Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period , until a revival in the 1960s , which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup . The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success , with two League Championships , an FA Cup , and the 1985 European Cup Winners ' Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians . Everton have a rivalry with neighbours Liverpool , and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby . The club have been based at Goodison Park in Walton , Liverpool , since 1892 , after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent . The club 's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c55ae57ebc2cade78aa69c533affef", "text": "Kenny Dalglish Kenneth Mathieson Dalglish , MBE ( born 4 March 1951 ) is a Scottish former footballer and manager . In a career spanning 22 years , he played for Celtic and Liverpool , winning numerous honours with both . He is Scotland 's most capped player of all time with 102 appearances , and also Scotland 's joint-leading goal scorer , with 30 goals . Dalglish won the Ballon d'Or Silver Award in 1983 , the PFA Player of the Year in 1983 , and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 1979 and 1983 . In 2009 FourFourTwo named Dalglish as the greatest striker in post-war British football , and in 2006 he topped a Liverpool fans ' poll of `` 100 Players Who Shook the Kop '' . He has been inducted into both the Scottish and English Football Halls of Fame . Dalglish began his career with Celtic in 1971 , going on to win four Scottish First Divisions , four Scottish Cups and one Scottish League Cup with the club . In 1977 , Liverpool manager Bob Paisley paid a British transfer record of # 440,000 ( # today ) to bring Dalglish to Liverpool . His years at Liverpool were among the club 's most successful periods , as he won six Football League First Divisions , two FA Cups , four League Cups , seven FA Charity Shields , three European Cups and one UEFA Super Cup . For these achievements and his style of play he was given the name King Kenny by Liverpool supporters . Dalglish became player-manager of Liverpool in 1985 after the resignation of Joe Fagan , winning a further three First Divisions , two FA Cups and four FA Charity Shields , before resigning from Liverpool in 1991 . Eight months later Dalglish made a return to football management with Blackburn Rovers , whom he led from the Second Division to win the Premier League in 1995 . Soon afterwards he stepped down as Blackburn manager to become Director of Football at the club , before leaving altogether in 1996 . In January 1997 Dalglish took over as manager at Newcastle United . Newcastle finished runners-up in both the Premier League and FA Cup during his first season , but they could only finish 13th in 1997 -- 98 , which led to his dismissal the following season . Dalglish went on to be appointed Director of Football at Celtic in 1999 , and later manager , where he won the Scottish League Cup before an acrimonious departure the following year . Between 2000 and 2010 Dalglish focused on charitable concerns , founding The Marina Dalglish Appeal with his wife to raise money for cancer care . In January 2011 Dalglish was appointed Liverpool 's caretaker manager after the dismissal of Roy Hodgson , becoming the permanent manager in May 2011 . Despite winning the League Cup which earned them a place in the Europa League and reaching the FA Cup Final , Liverpool could only finish 8th in the Premier League , and Dalglish was dismissed in May 2012 . In October 2013 , Dalglish returned to Anfield as a non-executive director . On 3 May 2017 , it was announced that in recognition of Dalglish 's contribution to the club and community , the stadium 's Centenary Stand was to be renamed the Kenny Dalglish Stand .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e7bc5967ce6fbd3983e9bd0fb8d8ecb4	Steve Buscemi has been in many Coen brothers films.	[ { "docid": "853c8d54c1e71e379e931d586afe31dc", "text": "Steve Buscemi Steven Vincent Buscemi ( -LSB- buːˈsɛmi -RSB- born December 13 , 1957 ) is an American actor and film director . Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films , including Parting Glances , New York Stories , Mystery Train , Reservoir Dogs , Desperado , Con Air , Armageddon , The Grey Zone , Ghost World , Big Fish , and The Sopranos . He is also known for his appearances in many films by the Coen brothers : Miller 's Crossing , Barton Fink , The Hudsucker Proxy , Fargo , and The Big Lebowski . Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. franchise . From 2010 to 2014 , he portrayed Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe , and two nominations for an Emmy Award . He made his directorial debut in 1996 , with Trees Lounge , in which he also starred . Other works include Animal Factory ( 2000 ) , Lonesome Jim ( 2005 ) and Interview ( 2007 ) . He has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows , including Homicide : Life on the Street , The Sopranos , Oz , 30 Rock , and Nurse Jackie . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a48ddc5d21e09699d0a8f495cbff4301", "text": "Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer . Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively . In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards . Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36", "text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f13d8108b44d15886f05fa1f65506ea8", "text": "Fantastic Voyage Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner , based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . The film is about a submarine crew who shrink to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair the damage to his brain . The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne -- style adventure with a sense of wonder . Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element . The film starred Stephen Boyd , Raquel Welch , Edmond O'Brien , and Donald Pleasence . Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it . Because the novelization was released six months before the movie , many people mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimov 's book . The movie inspired an animated television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6520a1820c84afa526d24a21c5374fe9", "text": "Nick G. Miller Nick G. Miller ( born January 18 , 1964 in Dayton , Ohio ) , also known as Nick Miller , is an American businessperson . His main interests are within the entertainment industry , the marine industry , and business education . Miller is an award-winning screenwriter , filmmaker , movie producer , movie director , television producer , actor , music producer , film composer , public speaker , and philanthropist . He has owned various companies within the marine industry and is a consultant and keynote speaker . His acting credits include The Last Marshal , The Librarians , Chronicles of an Exorcism , and Catch of a Lifetime . He has produced feature films and television shows such as Palmetto , The Unlikely 's , Catch of a Lifetime , E! Entertainment 's Wild On the Mark Cuban series Art Mann Presents , Talent Rock , and CBS Television 's The Music Cafe Presents ( co-produced with Greg Rike and Greg Rike Studios ) . In 2005 , Miller , along with producing partner Matthew Ashford did a test shoot for a screenplay they had written together in the horror film genre entitled Chronicles of an Exorcism . The film was originally shelved by Miller and his producers , but has since been released on DVD . In October 2008 the movie was one of the most watched horror movies of all time and was listed near the top 100 ( # 116 ) on the Internet Movie Database . Miller is currently post production on the movie Windwalkers and in pre production on a screenplay co-written with published author Timothy G. Grogan . In April 2014 , as executive producer , Miller 's romantic comedy , Catch of a Lifetime , directed by Ben Klopfenstein and written by Miller , Klopfenstein , and book author Connie Neumann , won the Audience Choice for Best Feature award at the Silver Springs International Film Festival . Miller consults and works with companies on forming strategic alliance business plans via product placement , co-branding and media exposure . He has been instrumental in negotiating and placing products in feature films and television shows including War of the Worlds , I , Robot , Fun with Dick and Jane , Scream 3 , Charlie 's Angels , CSI : Miami , 24 , Nash Bridges , V.I.P. , and JAG . Nick G. Miller produces and hosts sales and motivational training workshops across the globe . He has trained thousands of sales and service staff members from companies including FTD Flowers , Harley-Davidson , Featherlite Luxury Coaches , Bombardier , Platinum Coach Works , Northeast Marine Trade Association , Rio Roses , and many others . Miller is also a music producer , and in 2009 became vice president of Living Legends Music , a property which includes a syndicated radio show , streaming iTunes radio , a DVD series , and the CBS television series The Music Cafe Presents , all featuring interviews with musicians . Miller also produced and hosted the 2009 DVD documentary Orleans : Official History & Music for the 1970s and 1980s band Orleans . He comes from a musical family dating back to 1940 when his great uncle Douglas Dalton , played mandolin and guitar for The Whippoorwills , Roy Rogers , Sons of the Pioneers , and other bands and musicians . Today , Miller performs with Nick Miller & The Gathering , a group consisting of rotating legendary musicians playing their own number one hits . Miller 's companies have produced nightclub events , swimwear modeling competitions , and VIP parties for Corona Beer , Harley-Davidson , Loews Hotels , Gibson , Universal Studios Theme Parks , Six Flags Theme Parks and others . Miller has been part of the marine industry since 1986 . As vice president , Miller played an instrumental part in resurrecting Donzi Marine in 1993 . Miller and Donzi Marine manager Steve Simon formed `` Team Donzi '' and raced a Donzi 38 ZX in the American Power Boat Association circuit . The team won two APBA/UIM World Championships five APBA National Championships . Under the same ownership group , Miller organized a marketing campaign and formed strategic alliances with non-endemic companies helping Pro-Line Boats become the # 1 selling fiberglass fishing boats in the United States . During the mid-2000s Miller consulted and worked with the offshore racing champion , Reggie Fountain and his company Fountain Powerboats . In 2012 he became a partner and shareholder of Sak Marine , a Georgia based company that manufactured Caravelle Boats , Key Largo Boats , Interceptor Performance Boats , Clearwater Fishing Boats , and Sea Hawk Boats . Nick Miller was introduced to Burt Reynolds at his home in Florida . The lunch meeting resulted in Miller being offered acting roles in two of Reynolds ' films . Soon after he would meet the man who would become his mentor ; the late award-winning filmmaker John Daly , of which just some of his movies includes Platoon , The Terminator , The Falcon and the Snowman , Salvador , Full Metal Jacket , The Bodyguard , and The Legend of Zorro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9598e8560912dabe471ba3a1e4f67a64", "text": "Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota . The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video . The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment . On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray . On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88233e6cd0225b72b75e55e4f10c1350", "text": "The Lonely Guy The Lonely Guy is a 1984 American romantic comedy film directed by Arthur Hiller and starring Steve Martin . The screenplay is credited to Ed . Weinberger and Stan Daniels ( of Taxi ) as well as Neil Simon ( for `` adaptation '' ) , and is based on the 1978 book The Lonely Guy 's Book of Life by Bruce Jay Friedman . Martin portrays a greeting card writer who goes through a period of bad luck with women . In his despair , he writes a book titled A Guide for the Lonely Guy , which changes his life . The film also stars Charles Grodin , Judith Ivey , and Steve Lawrence and features cameo appearances from Merv Griffin , Dr. Joyce Brothers , and Loni Anderson . The theme song , `` Love Comes Without Warning , '' was performed by the band America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e887c7d720cc21d266e943d9c968ce", "text": "Lethal Weapon (franchise) Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action comedy franchise created by Shane Black that focuses on two Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) detectives , Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh . The franchise consists of four films released during the 1980s and 1990s , as well as a television series in 2016 . All four films in the series were directed by Richard Donner and also share many of the same core cast members , while the television series recast the main roles with younger actors instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ab939347cad89e775eeede05965d46", "text": "Joel Moss Levinson Joel Moss Levinson is a writer , comedian from Yellow Springs , Ohio . He often collaborates with his older brother , Stephen Levinson , as the Levinson Brothers . The pair were a part of TedX Dayton 2014 , speaking about successful collaboration . Along with their third partner , CONAN and former Daily Show writer Rob Kutner , the Levinson Brothers released `` 2776 '' a comedy/musical album benefitting the charity OneKid OneWorld . Featuring Aimee Mann , Patton Oswalt , Ed Helms , Ashanti , Reggie Watts , Ira Glass , Nina Totenberg , Will Forte , Rebirth Brass Band , Yo La Tengo , Margaret Cho , Neko Case , Kelly Hogan , Dick Cavett , Dick Gregory , k.d. lang , Will Arnett , Alex Trebek and more , the album appeared briefly on the Billboard Comedy charts . The album 's liner notes were written by George Saunders and appeared in the New Yorker Joel composed the music for all but two of the 28 tracks . n 2012 , the Levinson Brothers and Rob Kutner released an EP called `` It 's OK To Do Stuff '' in celebration of the 40th anniversary of `` Free To Be You And Me . '' Made up of songs satirizing the original with songs about gender , childhood , equality and relationships . `` It 's Okay to Do Stuff is first and foremost meant to be funny -- and it is , most of the time . Here , the earnestness of Free to Be is replaced with satire , but irony is the ethos of our age , remember ? '' The album features Lizzy Caplan , Fred Willard , Jane Weidlin , Steven Page , Colin Hanks , Fred Stoller , Eddie Pepitone , Eugene Mirman and others . Joel gained national attention in 2008 as an Internet personality who professionally wins consumer generated marketing contests , and earned more than money and prizes , by creating corporate jingles and short commercials . Levinson grew up in Dayton , Ohio . His father Jim was a prosecutor and his mother was a writer . He attended George Washington University for a few semesters . He worked for the KIO ( Kentucky , Indiana , Ohio ) region for BBYO and traveled the country as a song leader for the organization . In November 2008 , he appeared on The Tonight Show to talk about his contest winnings . Joel was named an Access Hollywood Rising Star on December 1 , 2008 . In 2009 he appeared on CBS News with Katie Couric .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ec6c81cfebd7f8cebdc86c301d33103", "text": "The Canyon The Canyon is a 2009 thriller film written by Steve Allrich and directed by Richard Harrah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd7bc4f317fbb88d135e425f8be89b0c", "text": "Brother Nature (film) Brother Nature is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Osmany Rodriguez and Matt Villines , from a screenplay by Mikey Day , Cameron Fay , and Taran Killam . It stars Killam , Bobby Moynihan , Gillian Jacobs , Rita Wilson and Bill Pullman . The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on September 9 , 2016 , by Insurge Pictures and Samuel Goldwyn Films . The film was originally titled Brother in Laws .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e571971f912c9f8965eef89cb26c320a", "text": "Rockne S. O'Bannon Rockne S. O'Bannon is an American television writer , screenwriter and producer . O'Bannon has created five original television series ( Farscape , seaQuest , Defiance , Cult , and Alien Nation ) . O'Bannon made his writing debut selling spec material to NBC 's Amazing Stories ( 1985 ) and CBS 's The Twilight Zone ( 1985 ) , but first garnered critical attention for his film Alien Nation ( 1988 ) and its subsequent spinoff television show . His next notable achievement was his original series seaQuest DSV ( 1993 ) which ran for three seasons . O'Bannon 's most critically acclaimed success was the space epic Farscape on Syfy ( 1999 -- 2003 ) which ran for four seasons and spun off into a mini-series , a comic book series , and a rumored film . Since Farscape , he 's created the hit TV show Defiance ( 2013 ) and CW 's Cult ( 2013 ) , the miniseries The Triangle ( 2005 ) , along with helping to write the Warehouse 13 ( 2009 ) pilot . He 's also written and produced for Constantine , Revolution and V among others . O'Bannon prides himself on `` delivering shows that truly are , in their own way , really unique '' and pushing the boundaries of the science fiction genre . He 's won multiple Saturn Awards ( including best series for Farscape ) and been nominated for other awards such as a Hugo Award and a WGA Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4b32a9f71cf7276e982ef5eb2cb0e96", "text": "Crossroads (1986 film) Crossroads is a 1986 American coming-of-age musical drama film inspired by the legend of blues musician Robert Johnson . Starring Ralph Macchio , Joe Seneca and Jami Gertz , the film was written by John Fusco and directed by Walter Hill and features an original score featuring Ry Cooder and Steve Vai on the soundtrack 's guitar , and harmonica by Sonny Terry . Vai also appears in the film as the devil 's guitar player in the climactic guitar duel . Fusco was a traveling blues musician prior to attending New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts , where he wrote Crossroads as an assignment in a master class led by the screenwriting giants Waldo Salt and Ring Lardner , Jr. . The student screenplay won first place in the national FOCUS Awards ( Films of College and University Students ) and sold to Columbia Pictures while Fusco was still a student .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5e5cd417b2dacfd9af51deb8e16c94", "text": "Tony Blundetto Anthony `` Tony '' Blundetto , played by Steve Buscemi , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos . He is Tony Soprano 's cousin who is released from prison at the beginning of the show 's fifth season . Upon release , Tony Blundetto begins to pursue a straight , non-criminal life . However , he is eventually overpowered by the challenges of civilian life and turns back to crime , dragging the DiMeo Crime Family into the Lupertazzi Crime Family 's power struggle . For his work in season 5 , Buscemi received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a5cfe8d0589c2e5b584f3e5238f6e4", "text": "Dream Boy (film) Dream Boy is a 2008 gay-themed romantic drama film written and directed by James Bolton and based on Jim Grimsley 's 1995 novel of the same name about two gay teenagers who fall in love in the rural South during the late 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ba79b6132cccd824a07d9701c986249", "text": "O Brother, Where Art Thou? O Brother , Where Art Thou ? is a 2000 adventure film written , produced , and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen , and starring George Clooney , John Turturro , and Tim Blake Nelson , with John Goodman , Holly Hunter , and Charles Durning in supporting roles . Set in 1937 rural Mississippi during the Great Depression , the film 's story is a modern satire loosely based on Homer 's epic poem , Odyssey . The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 film Sullivan 's Travels , in which the protagonist ( a director ) wants to film O Brother , Where Art Thou ? , a fictional book about the Great Depression . Much of the music used in the film is period folk music , including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley . The movie was one of the first to extensively use digital color correction , to give the film an autumnal , sepia-tinted look . The film received positive reviews , and the American folk music soundtrack won a Grammy for Album of the Year in 2001 . The original band soon became popular after the film release and the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film , such as John Hartford , Alison Krauss , Emmylou Harris , Gillian Welch , Chris Sharp , and others , joined together to perform the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef6c99dc2d2bbf219a98de017fa26f63", "text": "Albert Salmi Albert Salmi ( March 11 , 1928 -- April 22 , 1990 ) was an American actor of stage , film , and television . He was noted as a character actor and appeared in over 150 film and television productions .", "title": "" } ]	fever
205dff694b08b55805d809b5066b2075	Marcus Rashford was born in 1997.	[ { "docid": "35e945b9b3226bf2c02baaa10d419520", "text": "Marcus Rashford Marcus Rashford ( born 31 October 1997 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Manchester United and the England national team . A Manchester United player from the age of seven , he scored twice in both his first-team debut ( Europa League ) after the warm-up injury of striker Anthony Martial and in his first Premier League game in February 2016 ( against Arsenal ) . He also scored in his first Manchester derby game , and his first League Cup game . Rashford scored on his England debut in May 2016 , becoming the youngest English player to score in his first senior international game . He was chosen for UEFA Euro 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8f8979b87eb240088f311a1fe202f72a", "text": "Rob Leota Rob Leota ( born 3 March 1997 ) is an Australian professional rugby union player for the Melbourne Rebels in Super Rugby . His position is flanker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89590012ea2697f85e7f57bd99f94162", "text": "Marcus Simmons Marcus Jermaine Simmons ( born January 28 , 1988 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Grand Rapids Drive of the NBA Development League . He played college basketball for USC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "840048f2bcc2f669c815c0efa8842a9e", "text": "Donovan Mitchell (basketball) Donovan Mitchell ( born September 7 , 1996 ) is an American basketball player . He played college basketball for the Louisville Cardinals . Mitchell attended Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro , New Hampshire . Along with basketball , he also played baseball in high school for two years . He committed to the University of Louisville to play college basketball . As a freshman at Louisville , Mitchell averaged 7.4 points , 1.7 assists and 3.4 rebounds per game . As a sophomore , he averaged 15.6 points , 2.7 assists and 4.9 rebounds . After the season , he entered the 2017 NBA draft , but did not immediately hire an agent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "816de65fbedcdf1c439ccfb644db795c", "text": "Rashad Greene Rashad Greene ( born September 23 , 1992 ) is an American football wide receiver for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Florida State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46d2d4e84f899d32c28110a38b0c01ff", "text": "John Collins (basketball) John Martin Collins III ( born September 23 , 1997 ) is an American basketball player . He played college basketball for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f7ee5a1dd5651370b63e467ad440903", "text": "Danny Fletcher Dan `` Danny '' Fletcher ( born 4 March 1997 ) is an English footballer who plays as a forward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888f1cf1f2086a952293cdd563f261f0", "text": "Danny Boy (singer) Danny Boy Steward ( born October 31 , 1977 ) is a Chicago native known by his stage name Danny Boy or DB . He is a contemporary African-American soul singer originally signed for a five-year run with Death Row Records by Suge Knight . He made his debut on 1994 's Murder Was the Case soundtrack with the R&B charter Come When I Call ( Produced by DJ Quik ) . In 1995 , he released his first single entitled Slip N Slide ( Produced by Reggie Moore and co-produced by DeVante Swing ) with then unknown artist Ginuwine singing the chorus . The video was shot in Cabo , and also features scenes with 2Pac , Snoop Dogg , Nate Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound . Danny is best known for singing the choruses of the 2Pac songs `` I Ai n't Mad at Cha '' , `` What ' z Ya Phone # '' , `` Picture Me Rollin ' '' and `` Heaven Ai n't Hard 2 Find '' on All Eyez on Me , as well as `` Toss It Up '' on The Don Killuminati : The 7 Day Theory . He had recorded several albums ' worth of music while on Death Row Records , but none were released during his time there . Danny Boy also made an appearance on Tha Row 's soundtrack to Eddie Griffin 's Dysfunktional Family movie and also appeared on American Idol , but was disqualified due to continued internet promotion by his former label . He is currently working on some projects for his own label `` Eclectic Soul Music Group '' and resides in the suburbs of Atlanta , Georgia . On April 20 , 2010 Death Row Records , under new management , finally released Danny Boy 's 1996 debut album It 's About Time featuring production by DJ Quik & DeVante Swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9007811783b704d6d15f2e2ac9cedc6", "text": "Bradley Ray Bradley Ray ( born 16 May 1997 in Ashford , Kent , United Kingdom ) is a British motorcycle racer . In 2017 , he races in the British Superbike Championship aboard a Suzuki GSX-R1000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "700311f8de0081243b1c4b1cb9902faf", "text": "Marcus Harris (wide receiver, born 1989) Marcus Ryan `` Soup '' Harris ( born March 1 , 1989 ) is an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Brigade of the Arena Football League ( AFL ) . He played college football at Murray State University . He has also been a member of the Detroit Lions , Tennessee Titans , Omaha Nighthawks , Iowa Barnstormers and New York Giants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cf62d70ebf20131978d039cb049d90c", "text": "Michael Clark (English footballer) Michael Clark ( born 5 September 1997 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Leyton Orient as a defender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab34b9d76ac7b4675ac03d66e612b0e6", "text": "Super League II Stones Bitter Super League II was the official name for the year 1997 's Super League championship season , the 103rd season of top-level professional rugby league football in Britain , and the second championship run by Super League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc29b5585040d1ce75d3023e7067cd", "text": "Dael Fry Dael Jonathan Fry ( born 30 August 1997 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre back for EFL Championship club Middlesbrough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7125f0ba1fa5eb5578488823d7d4ae3", "text": "Liam Mandeville Liam Mandeville ( born 17 February 1997 ) is a professional footballer who plays as forward for Doncaster Rovers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226945d4edc36a939f88b1c9189da99b", "text": "Josh Sweat Josh Sweat ( born March 29 , 1997 ) is an American football defensive end . He currently attends Florida State University , where he plays for the Seminoles . Sweat was a standout defensive lineman at Oscar F. Smith High School in Chesapeake , Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfaf7a3b5faffee740ad17369775387", "text": "Marcus Bai Marcus `` George '' Bai ( born 11 October 1972 , in Ulamona , Papua New Guinea ) is a former professional rugby league footballer of the 1990s , and 2000s . An international representative winger , he represented his country on numerous occasions including at the 1995 Rugby League World Cup . Bai played club football for English clubs Hull F.C. , Leeds and Bradford , as well as Australian clubs the Gold Coast Chargers and Melbourne Storm . He became the first player to have won the World Club Challenge with three different clubs . In 2005 he was minutes away from being the first person to win all of the major domestic competitions in both Australia and England ( NRL Premiership , Super League , World Club Challenge , League Leaders Shield and Challenge Cup ) however Hull struck with minutes to go in the Challenge Cup final to deny Leeds the cup and him a place in the history books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e1b0176b693cb97f067e68736108e7", "text": "Connor Smith (footballer, born 1996) Connor Charles Smith ( born 14 October 1996 ) is an English footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e3880d55f6b075caa854e34fb44aa02", "text": "Clive Walford Clive Walford ( born October 1 , 1991 ) is an American football tight end for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for the University of Miami .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616ad6d8a837a7d6020b7b5eae475429", "text": "Jonathan Isaac Jonathan Isaac ( born October 3 , 1997 ) is an American basketball player . He played college basketball for Florida State University . Issac was considered one of the top players in the Class of 2016 before committing to the 2017 NBA draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbdfbc3809ce170af5acc8e9cc5662c8", "text": "Marcus Hall Marcus Thomas Jackson Hall ( born 24 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a defender from 1994 until 2011 . He had two spells with Coventry City , playing in the Premier League in his first , as well as playing in the Football League for Nottingham Forest , Stoke City and Northampton Town . He was also contracted to Southampton whilst a Premier League team but failed to make any appearances . During the 1996 -- 97 campaign he was handed 8 England U21 caps , scoring twice .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0aa6fa96f319e852ac9c341ad228703c	The Czech Republic has a low unemployment rate compared to most EU member countries.	[ { "docid": "52da427c86c34b055bfe0615558e0de9", "text": "Czech Republic The Czech Republic ( -LSB- ˈtʃɛkiə -RSB- , ; Česko , -LSB- ˈt͡ʃɛsko -RSB- ) , is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west , Austria to the south , Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast . The Czech Republic covers an area of 78866 km2 with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1.2 million residents . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . After the fall of the Empire in 907 , the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire , becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Besides Bohemia itself , the king of Bohemia ruled the lands of the Bohemian Crown , he had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor , and Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . In the Hussite wars of the 15th century driven by the Protestant Bohemian Reformation , the kingdom faced economic embargoes and defeated five consecutive crusades proclaimed by the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618 -- 20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism and reimposed Roman Catholicism , and also adopted a policy of gradual Germanization . With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 , the Bohemian Kingdom became part of the Austrian Empire and the Czech language experienced a revival as a consequence of widespread romantic nationalism . In the 19th century , the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia , which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I. The Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II , and was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States . The Czech country lost the majority of its German-speaking inhabitants after they were expelled following the war . The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections . Following the 1948 coup d'état , Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence . In 1968 , increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring , which ended in a Soviet-led invasion . The first separate Czech republic was created on 1 January 1969 , under the name Czech Socialistic Republic within federalization of Czechoslovakia , however the federalization was implemented only incompletely . Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution , when the communist regime collapsed and a democracy and federalization was deepened . On 6 March 1990 , the Czech Socialistic Republic was renamed to the Czech Republic . On 1 January 1993 , Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved , with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic . The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union ( EU ) in 2004 ; it is a member of the United Nations , the OECD , the OSCE , and the Council of Europe . It is a developed country with an advanced , high income economy and high living standards . The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development . In 2017 , Czech citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 168 countries and territories , ranking the Czech passport 9th in the world ( after 25 other countries ) . The Czech Republic also ranks as the 6th most peaceful country , while achieving strong performance in democratic governance . It has the lowest unemployment rate of EU members .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a651ce1c0695f6fc4e89a05e7927b20f", "text": "Great Moravia Great Moravia ( regnum Marahensium , Μεγάλη Μοραβία -- megale Moravia , Velká Morava , Veľká Morava , Wielka Morawia ) , the Great Moravian Empire , ( historiographical terms -- original formal name is unknown ) or simply Moravia , was the first major state that was predominantly Slavonic to emerge in the area of Central Europe . Its core territories were located on the Morava river which gave its name to the kingdom . `` Morava '' in both Czech and Slovak refers to both the river and the land of Moravia - the medieval Margraviate of Moravia , which is now the eastern part of the Czech Republic . The river Morava flows south through the whole of Moravia , later forming the present-day border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia before finally becoming the border between Slovakia and Austria ( where it is called the March in German ) . The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language . After the fall of Great Moravia , its core territory was gradually divided between the newly ascending Czech Kingdom ( Bohemia ) and Hungarian Kingdom : the frontier was originally settled on the Morava river ( the Czech Kingdom to its west , and Hungary - present-day Slovakia - to its east ) . However , from the 12th century , the Czech kings managed to gain more and more of the region on the eastern bank - eventually gaining the whole stretch of the eastern territory from Uherské Hradiště down to Strážnice , and this region retained its non-Czech identity in its designation `` Slovácko '' as an alternative dialectal for `` Slovakia '' . After this , the Czech-Hungarian border shifted east to the White Carpathians . The core region of Great Moravia along the Morava river , thus divided between the present-day Moravia and Slovakia , has retained a unique culture in the rich folklore tradition both on the western bank of the Morava ( including the southern Záluží region ) and the eastern bank - the Slovácko ( in Moravia ) and Záhorie ( in Slovakia ) . Záhorie also boasts the only surviving building from Great Moravian times - the chapel at Kopčany just across the Morava from the archaeological site of Mikulčice . The core of Great Moravia was established , according to legend , in the early 830s , when Prince Mojmír I ( -LSB- moimi : r -RSB- ) crossed the Morava and conquered the principality of Nitra ( present-day western Slovakia ) . The former principality of Nitra was used as the údelné kniežatsvo , or the territory given to , and ruled by , the successor to the throne , traditionally the nephew ( sister 's son ) of the ruling kъnendzь or Prince . The extent and location of Great Moravia are a subject of debate . Rival theories place the center of it either south of the river Danube ( the river Morava in Serbia ) or on the Great Hungarian Plain . The exact date when the Moravian state was founded is also disputed , but it probably occurred in the early 830s under Prince Mojmír I , ( r. 820s/830s -- 846 ) , who is the first known ruler of the united Moravia . Mojmír and his successor , Rastislav ( `` Rostislav '' in Czech ) , who ruled from 846 to 870 , initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs , but the Moravian fight for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s . Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svätopluk I , ( Svatopluk in Czech ) , who ruled from 870 to 894 , and who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources . Although the borders of his empire can not be exactly determined , he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions , including Bohemia , most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia , Hungary , Poland and Ukraine , for some periods of his reign . Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svätopluk 's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia , which was overrun by the Hungarians . The exact date of Moravia 's collapse is unknown , but it occurred between 902 and 907 . Moravia experienced significant cultural development under Prince Rastislav , with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius . Rastislav had asked the Byzantine emperor to send a `` teacher '' ( učitelja ) to introduce literacy and a legal system ( pravьda ) to Great Moravia . The brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing ( the Glagolitic alphabet ) and Slavonic liturgy , the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II . The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki . The language , termed Old Church Slavonic , was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian , and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian . Old Church Slavonic , therefore , differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia . Later , the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svätopluk I. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire , the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was superseded by Cyrillic . The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries , particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus ' , charting a new path in these Slavic nations ´ cultural development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3650fef234290472652fe57590d28f15", "text": "Olomouc Olomouc ( -LSB- ˈolomou̯t͡s -RSB- ; locally Holomóc or Olomóc Olmütz Latin : Olomucium or Iuliomontium ; Ołomuniec -LSB- ɔwɔˈmuɲɛt͡s -RSB- ) is a city in Moravia , in the east of the Czech Republic . Located on the Morava River , the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and historical capital city of Moravia . Today it is an administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and sixth largest city in the Czech Republic . The city has about 100,154 residents , and its larger urban zone has a population of about 480,000 people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e21ba0db3b87c83c43127e28c98a7ef", "text": "Czech Republic at the Olympics The Czech Republic first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994 , and has competed in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then . Prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 , Czech athletes had competed at the Olympics from 1920 to 1992 as Czechoslovakia and from 1900 to 1912 as Bohemia . Athletes from the Czech Republic have won a total of 55 medals at the Summer Games , with canoeing , athletics and shooting as the top medal-producing sports . The nation has also won 24 medals at the Winter Games , mostly in cross-country skiing , speed skating and ultimately popular ice hockey . In terms of medal count the most decorated Czech Olympian within the post-Czechoslovak period is cross-country skier Kateřina Neumannová ( 6 medals between 1998 and 2006 ) . The National Olympic Committee for the Czech Republic is the Czech Olympic Committee , which was founded in 1899 and recognized in its current form by the International Olympic Committee in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604b16d01d04f46c0d4cf6e28a2a5b34", "text": "European social model The European social model is a common vision many European states have for a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions . Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model `` binds Europe together '' in contrast to the ` American way of life ' . European states do not all use a single social model , but welfare states in Europe do share several broad characteristics . These generally include a commitment to full employment , social protections for all citizens , social inclusion , and democracy . Examples common among European countries include universal health care , free higher education , strong labor protections and regulations , and generous welfare programs in areas such as unemployment insurance , retirement pensions , and public housing . The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives : promotion of employment , improved living and working conditions ... proper social protection , dialogue between management and labour , the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion . Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model , it has been argued that there are four distinct social models in Europe -- the Nordic , British , Mediterranean and the Continental . The general outlines of a European social model emerged during the post-war boom . Tony Judt lists a number of causes : the abandonment of protectionism , the baby boom , cheap energy , and a desire to catch up with living standards enjoyed in the United States . The European social model also enjoyed a low degree of external competition as the Soviet bloc , China and India were not yet integrated into the global economy . In recent years , it has become common to question whether the European social model is sustainable in the face of low birthrates , globalisation , Europeanisation and an ageing population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74de43047bb31c3844184e53edca41a3", "text": "Platform of European Memory and Conscience The Platform of European Memory and Conscience is an educational project of the European Union bringing together government institutions and NGOs from EU countries active in research , documentation , awareness raising and education about the crimes of totalitarian regimes . Its membership include 55 government agencies and NGOs from 13 EU member states as well as from the United States , such as the Institute of National Remembrance , the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial , the Stasi Records Agency and the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation . The platform has offices in Prague and Brussels . The platform was founded in Prague on the occasion of the summit of Prime Ministers of the Visegrád Group on 14 October 2011 . The signing ceremony took place in the Lichtenstein Palace under the auspices of Czech Prime Minister Petr Nečas , Polish Prime Minister and President of the European Council Donald Tusk , and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán . Its goal is described as helping `` prevent intolerance , extremism , anti-democratic movements and the recurrence of any totalitarian rule in the future . '' The initiative was originally proposed by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes and the Government of the Czech Republic , and the 2008 Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism ; on 2 April 2009 , the European Parliament passed a resolution in favour of the initiative , and in June 2009 , the Council of the European Union welcomed the initiative . The Platform of European Memory and Conscience was founded as an initiative of the Polish EU presidency in 2011 , after the project had been promoted by the Czech EU presidency already in 2009 and by the Hungarian EU presidency in 2011 . The secretariat of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience was originally hosted by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes , and the platform has received a strategic grant from the International Visegrád Fund . The founding institutions included government agencies of the Czech Republic , Poland , Germany , Hungary , Romania , Lithuania , Estonia , and Latvia , as well as several NGOs . The organisation 's strategic partners include the International Visegrád Fund and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation . The motto of the platform is `` democracy matters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1a672b5db962312e460d9a42748707", "text": "Human trafficking in Slovakia Slovak Republic is a source , transit , and limited destination country for women and girls from Moldova , Ukraine , Bulgaria , the Balkans , the Baltics , and China trafficked to Germany , Austria , the Czech Republic , Switzerland , Sweden , Italy , Austria , the Netherlands , Spain , Croatia , and Slovenia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation . Men from Vietnam were trafficked to Slovakia for the purpose of forced labor . Roma women and girls from Slovakia are trafficked internally for sexual exploitation . The Government of the Slovak Republic does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking ; however , it is making significant efforts to do so . The government allocated $ 91,000 for anti-trafficking efforts in 2007 , an increase from $ 60,000 in 2006 . In February 2008 , police began investigating the country 's first identified labor trafficking case involving eight Vietnamese nationals forced to work in a cigarette factory in Bratislava . The government also made efforts to improve victim identification and assistance referral . However , the number of victims assisted by government - funded programs decreased in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e47338d5a8bb13d41ed7db934d6d1b8f", "text": "Bohemian Forest The Bohemian Forest , known in Czech as Šumava ( -LSB- ˈʃʊmava -RSB- ) and in German as Böhmerwald , is a low mountain range in Central Europe . Geographically , the mountains extend from Plzeň Region and South Bohemia in the Czech Republic to Austria and Bavaria in Germany , and form the highest truncated uplands of the Bohemian Massif , up to 50 km wide . They create a natural border between the Czech Republic on one side and Germany and Austria on the other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "886c3f3964288736304c1b1a1deebd21", "text": "Brno Brno ( -LSB- langpronˈbɜrnoʊ -RSB- -LSB- ˈbr̩no -RSB- , German : Brünn ) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area , the largest Moravian city , and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia . Brno is the administrative center of the South Moravian Region in which it forms a separate district ( Brno-City District ) . The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 400,000 inhabitants ; its greater metropolitan area is home to more than 800,000 people while its larger urban zone had a population of about 730,000 in 2004 . Brno is the seat of judicial authority of the Czech Republic -- it is the seat of the Constitutional Court , the Supreme Court , the Supreme Administrative Court , and the Supreme Public Prosecutor 's Office . The city is also a significant administrative centre . It is the seat of a number of state authorities , including the Ombudsman , and the Office for the Protection of Competition . Brno is also an important centre of higher education , with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher learning and about 89,000 students . Brno Exhibition Centre ranks among the largest exhibition centres in Europe ( 23rd in the world ) . The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno . Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit , a tradition established in 1930 , in which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is one of the most prestigious races . Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition , Ignis Brunensis , that usually attracts tens of thousands of daily visitors . The most visited sights of the city include the Špilberk castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill , two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols . The other large preserved castle near the city is Veveří Castle by Brno Reservoir . This castle is the site of a number of legends , as are many other places in Brno . Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat which has been included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . One of the natural sights nearby is the Moravian Karst .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f7100d47cb487951bb0dca64a31551c", "text": "Czechs of Croatia Czechs are one of the recognised minorities of Croatia . According to the census of 2011 there were 9,641 Czechs in Croatia , comprising 0.22 % of total population . They are also called by their non-Czech neighbours Pemci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d81caebd6fb2dcc00ae63f1df15836e5", "text": "List of OECD countries by job security This is a list of OECD countries by job security , an important component in measuring quality of life and the well-being of its citizens . It lists OECD countries ' workers ' chance of losing their job in 2012 , with some non-OECD countries also included . Workers facing a high risk of job loss are more vulnerable , especially in countries with smaller social safety nets . This indicator presents the probability to become unemployed , calculated as the number of people who were unemployed in 2012 , but were employed in 2011 over the total number of employed in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c788a98af969cb8f6a61459072168c63", "text": "Czech lands The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands ( České země ) are the three historical regions of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . Together the three have formed the Czech Republic since 1 January 1993 . In a historical context , Czech texts use the term to refer to any territory ruled by the Kings of Bohemia , i.e. , the lands of the Bohemian Crown ( země Koruny české ) as established by Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century . This would include territories like the Lusatias ( which in 1635 fell to Saxony ) and the whole of Silesia , all ruled from Prague Castle at that time . After the conquest of Silesia by the Prussian king Frederick the Great in 1742 , the remaining lands of the Bohemian Crown -- Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia -- have been more or less co-extensive with the territory of the modern-day Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b24bad84bc1e0a1270f0403b36c01f", "text": "Czech Science Foundation The Czech Science Foundation ( GACR ) was established in 1993 as an independent public organisation supporting basic research in the Czech Republic . On the basis of calls for proposals and a public competition , the Czech Science Foundation provides financial support for both experienced and young and early-stage researchers . It also funds international projects on a bilateral basis in cooperation with several partner agencies as well as projects carried out within international research programmes . It is one of two major government-supported research funding agencies in the Czech Republic , the other being the Technological Agency of the Czech Republic ( TAČR ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29154cc703173594a44e2b76ebb5e1e9", "text": "Vsetín Vsetín ( -LSB- ˈfsɛciːn -RSB- ) is a town in Zlín Region of the Czech Republic . It has around 28,500 inhabitants and lies on the Vsetínská Bečva river . The area around Vsetín , called Vsetínsko , is spread out on the foothills of the Vsetín , Hostýn and Vizovice Highlands around the Bečva River . This area features the remains of log houses and cultural monuments of significant importance mainly in Vsetín itself . The folk culture has been kept alive by Wallachian song and dance groups for many decades . Originally a small town , Vsetín has become an important centre of industrial , economic , cultural and sports life during the last century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0a8f5725a29cfff911c8059d020b77c", "text": "Christian Labour Confederation The Christian Labour Confederation ( KOK ) is a trade union centre in the Czech Republic . It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f91d443734525867b700ac1370be4ef", "text": "Czech National Council The Czech National Council ( Česká národní rada , ČNR ) was the legislative body of the Czech Republic since 1968 when the Czech Republic was created as a member state of Czech-Slovak federation . It was legally transformed into the Chamber of Deputies according to the Constitution ( Act . No. 1/1993 Coll . ) because of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78a31a23e89592ab4216e86d8d8038c0", "text": "Olomouc Region Olomouc Region ( Olomoucký kraj ) is an administrative unit ( kraj ) of the Czech Republic , located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia ( Morava ) and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia ( České Slezsko ) . It is named for its capital Olomouc . Olomouc region borders with the Moravian-Silesian Region ( in the east ) , Zlín Region ( in the south-east ) , South Moravian Region ( in the south-west ) and Pardubice Region ( in the west ) . Furthermore , the region shares a 104 km long border with Poland ( in the north ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5644bfb4549e4b94797c907c605748ac", "text": "Czechs of Romania The Czechs are an ethnic minority in Romania , numbering 3,938 people according to the 2002 census . The majority of Romanian Czechs live in the south-west of the country , with around 60 % of them living in Caraş-Severin County , where they make up 0.7 % of the population . As an officially recognised ethnic minority , Czechs , together with Slovaks , have one seat reserved in the Romanian Chamber of Deputies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce90849b936a1b24bafa6d6b03b9bae", "text": "Česká Ves Česká Ves ( German Böhmischdorf , both meaning `` Bohemian Village '' ) is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 24.51 km2 , and has a population of 2,566 ( as at 3 July 2006 ) . Česká Ves lies approximately 3 km north of Jeseník , 74 km north of Olomouc , and 200 km east of Prague . It is about 13 km from the border with Poland . The river flows through Česká Ves , and during the nationwide floods in 1997 , the river rose up to 6 meters and half of the village was destroyed , including part of the main street , but it has now all been reconstructed . Česká Ves lies in a small valley , surrounded by forest and hills , the highest of which is Praděd ( 1,492 m ) . According to the Austrian census of 1910 the village had 2,434 inhabitants , 2,419 of whom had permanent residence there . Census asked people for their native language , 2,419 ( 100 % ) were German-speaking . The most populous religious group were Roman Catholics with 2,417 ( 99.3 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a09f306c10d06827c222f05ea75f7f1", "text": "List of highest mountains of the Czech Republic This is the List of highest mountains of the Czech Republic . Most of them are located at Krkonoše , Hrubý Jeseník and Šumava ( Giant Mountains , High Ash Mountains and Bohemian Forest ) mountain ranges . Other mountain ranges with mountains over 1000 m that are not included in this general list are shown in additional tables . All Czech mountain ranges are located along the borders to neighbouring Austria , Slovakia and Germany . The information was obtained from `` Mountains in Czech Republic over one thousand meters above sea `` and `` Peakclimber `` .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "845f1cbe254b54e55a385909614e1b24", "text": "Censorship in the Czech Republic Censorship in the Czech Republic had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia . Czech Republic is ranked as 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
50e2a2f36bbe8cdbc36c07a4b017a372	Saddam Hussein was born in 1937.	[ { "docid": "d026a53bf49f67c300cba1251a1ee658", "text": "Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic : صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي ; 28 April 1937 -- 30 December 2006 ) was the fifth President of Iraq , serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003 . A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party , and later , the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party -- which espoused Ba'athism , a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism -- Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup ( later referred to as the 17 July Revolution ) that brought the party to power in Iraq . As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government , Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces . In the early 1970s , Saddam nationalized oil and other industries . The state-owned banks were put under his control , leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran -- Iraq War , the Gulf War , and UN sanctions . Through the 1970s , Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatuses of government as oil money helped Iraq 's economy to grow at a rapid pace . Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs , a minority that made up only a fifth of the population . Saddam formally rose to power in 1979 , although he had been the de facto head of Iraq for several years prior . He suppressed several movements , particularly Shi'a and Kurdish movements , seeking to overthrow the government or gain independence , and maintained power during the Iran -- Iraq War and the Gulf War . Whereas some in the Arab world lauded Saddam for his opposition to the United States and for attacking Israel -- he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship . The total number of Iraqis killed by the security services of Saddam 's government in various purges and genocides is conservatively estimated at 250,000 . In 2003 , a coalition led by the U.S. invaded Iraq to depose Saddam , in which U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda . Saddam 's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held . Following his capture on 13 December 2003 , the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government . On 5 November 2006 , Saddam was convicted of charges of crimes against humanity related to the 1982 killing of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites , and was sentenced to death by hanging . His execution was carried out on 30 December 2006 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8b3c6378a15256538a9241257cb0271f", "text": "1941 Iraqi coup d'état The 1941 Iraqi coup d'état ( Arabic : ثورة رشيد عالي الكيلاني ) , also called the Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani coup or the Golden Square coup , was a nationalist and pro-Nazi Coup d'état in Iraq on 1 April 1941 that overthrew the pro-British regime of Regent ` Abd al-Ilah and his Prime Minister Nuri al-Said and installed Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as Prime Minister . The coup was led by four Iraqi nationalist army generals , known as `` the Golden Square '' , who intended to use the war to press for full Iraqi independence following the limited independence granted in 1932 . To that end , they worked with German intelligence and accepted military assistance from Germany and Italy . The change in government led to a British invasion of Iraq and subsequent occupation until 1947 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5722755871a0f2b5fecf2a1c41171dec", "text": "Iraqi Armed Forces The Iraqi Armed Forces are the military forces of the Iraqi government . They consist of the Iraqi Army , the Iraqi Air Force , and the Iraqi Navy . They were initially formed in the early 1920s . Six military Coup d'états were mounted by the Army between 1936 and 1941 . The armed forces first saw combat in the Anglo-Iraqi War of 1941 . They fought against Israel in the 1948 Arab -- Israeli War , in the 1967 Six Day War , and in the 1973 Yom Kippur War . Two wars with the Kurds were fought in 1961 -- 70 and 1974 -- 75 . A much larger conflict was the Iran -- Iraq War , initiated by the Iraqis in 1980 , which continued until 1988 . Thereafter Iraq began the Invasion of Kuwait , which led to the Persian Gulf War of 1991 , which led in turn to confrontations over the Iraqi no-fly zones during the 1990s , and finally the Iraq War of 2003 . The Iraqi armed forces have had mixed success at the strategic level but consistently poor tactical performance during most of their history . Iraq had one of the largest and strongest militaries in the world in 1990 , before the Persian Gulf War of 1991 . The armed forces are administered by the Ministry of Defence ( MOD ) . Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq , which toppled the Saddam Hussein regime , the Iraqi Armed Forces have been rebuilt with substantial assistance from the United States Armed Forces . Since the implementation of the U.S.-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement on January 1 , 2009 , the Iraqi Armed Forces and the forces of the Interior Ministry are responsible for providing security and upholding law and order throughout Iraq . The Iraqi Army , in particular , is one of the most trusted national institutions of Iraq . Iraqi Armed Forces deficiencies have been identified in enabling functions , such as , e.g. , logistics and military intelligence . In high-end conventional operations , Iraqi capabilities are currently limited by lack of artillery and air power . There are also concerns regarding corruption and sectarian agendas within the force .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2b1e5151e5e5915526da953f45f3c5f", "text": "Faisal II of Iraq Faisal II ( Arabic : الملك فيصل الثاني Al-Malik Fayṣal Ath-thānī ) ( 2 May 1935 -- 14 July 1958 ) was the last King of Iraq . He reigned from 4 April 1939 until July 1958 , when he was executed during the 14 July Revolution together with numerous members of his family . This regicide marked the end of the thirty-seven-year-old Hashemite monarchy in Iraq , which then became a republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e422425f20742afcf6f259a64116164b", "text": "Iraq Liberation Act The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 is a United States Congressional statement of policy stating that `` It should be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq ... '' It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton , and states that it is the policy of the United States to support democratic movements within Iraq . The Act was cited in October 2002 to argue for the authorization of military force against the Iraqi government . The bill was sponsored by Representative Benjamin A. Gilman ( Republican , NY-20 ) and co-sponsored by Representative Christopher Cox ( Republican , CA-47 ) . The bill was introduced as on September 29 , 1998 . The House of Representatives passed the bill 360 - 38 on October 5 , and the Senate passed it with unanimous consent two days later . President Clinton signed the Iraq Liberation Act into law on October 31 , 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e9936df6c4a5a5723b615dba35a7cc4", "text": "Iraqis The Iraqis leads here . For The Iraqis political party , refer to The Iraqis ( party ) The Iraqi people ( Arabic : العراقيون ʿIrāqīyūn , Kurdish : گه لی عیراق Îraqîyan , ܥܡܐ ܥܝܪܩܝܐ ʿIrāqāyā , Iraklılar ) are the citizens of the modern country of Iraq . Arabs have had a large presence in Mesopotamia since the Sasanian Empire ( 224-637 ) . Arabic was spoken by the majority in the Kingdom of Araba in the first and second centuries , and by Arabs in al-Hirah from the third century . Arabs were common in Mesopotamia at the time of the Seleucid Empire ( 3rd century BC ) . The first Arab kingdom outside of Arabia was established in Iraq 's Al-Hirah in the third century . Arabic was a minority language in northern Iraq in the eighth century BC , from the eighth century following the Muslim conquest of Persia it became the dominant language of Iraqi Muslims because Arabic was the language of the Quran and of the Abbasid Caliphate . Kurds who are Iraqi citizens live in the Zagros Mountains of northeast Iraq to the east of the upper Tigris . Arabic and Kurdish are Iraq 's national languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2873267ef80190189e3f9c7c0291a9b3", "text": "Battle of Al Kut (2003) The Battle of Al Kut was an armed confrontation between elements of the United States military and Iraqi forces during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq . Before the 2003 invasion , Al Kut was home to an Iraqi airfield and suspected chemical weapons plant , thus making it an important target during the invasion . Al Kut lay in the way of the planned Coalition advanced into Baghdad . On April 3 , 2003 , the 1st Marine Division reached the outskirts of Al Kut , and broadcast a warning to the Iraqi defenders there , ordering them to surrender by 0700 GMT . The deadline passed with no response , and the US launched their assault on Al Kut . On April 3 , several US military units advanced into Al Kut , meeting little resistance until they closed in within 1,000 yards of their objectives . At that point , Iraqi soldiers and irregulars opened fire with small arms and RPG 's . Fearing a close-quartered urban battle , the US forces remained on the outskirts of the city , returning fire and killing many defenders . Numerous air strikes , including a B-52 strike , were launched on the Iraqi defenses . Numerous GBU-16 missiles were fired from US warplanes , destroying many Iraqi T-62 tanks , BMPs , and support vehicles . On the ground , American soldiers were briefly pinned down by gunfire from an Iraqi bunker , where numerous Iraqi infantry had gathered . The gunfire was answered by numerous tank rounds and heavy machine gun fire , and after four hours the bunker 's defenders had been killed , injured , or captured . One US soldier , Corporal Mark Evnin , was killed during the battle when he was mortally wounded by enemy machine gun fire . In a last attempt to drive off the attackers , Iraqi soldiers attempted to charge the American tanks with small arms and machine guns , but were cut down by American tank fire , and the 1st Marine Division advanced into Al Kut . After capturing the city and its bridges , Al Kut was effectively under US control . Several militants of the Fedayeen Saddam continued to hold out within isolated pockets in the city , but no major Iraqi forces now opposed the American drive into Baghdad . American losses during the battle numbered at least 1 dead , about a dozen wounded , and 1 ACE truck destroyed . Iraqi losses are unclear , but were described as `` heavy '' , with at least 150 -- 250 killed and nearly a thousand wounded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e532cacb29d1b7eed875676ac5703ca", "text": "Haditha Al-Khraisha Haditha Ali Abdullah Al-Khraisha was a Bedouin tribal sheikh in Jordan in the nineteenth and twentieth-centuries . Haditha was one of the two paramount sheikhs of the Bani Sakhr Tribe , arguably the most powerful tribe in Jordan . Haditha headed the northern clans of the Bani Sakhr ( al-Ka ` abnah ) , while Mithgal Al-Fayez headed the other half , ( al-Twaga ) . In the early twentieth century ( 1922 & 1924 ) , Haditha and the Bani Sakhr , in addition to other Trans-Jordanian tribes such as the Huweitat and the Belqawiah , fought the Wahhabi Ikhwan , a religious militia who helped establish Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud as the first King of Saudi Arabia . The Wahhabi Ikhwan were Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud 's tool for territorial expansion and lent religious legitimacy to Ibn Saud 's territorial and political ambitions . According to King Faisal Al Saud the armed resistance that Bani Sakhr put up against Ibn Saud and the Wahhabi Ikhwan was `` the reason that Saudi Arabia 's borders do not extend all the way to Palestine and why the Al Sauds never became the rulers of the Levant '' . Haditha was known throughout Arabia for his wisdom and chivalry , He played a significant role in building the nascent Jordanian state and shaping its development . An ally and supporter of King Abdullah I , Haditha served several terms as Senator and Parliamentarian , including the first Jordanian Senate in 1947 which consisted of only ten members . Haditha was also elected to the second Legislative Council in June 1931 '' '' , and the Fourth Legislative Council in 1937 while Jordan was still an Emirate . Haditha was also one of the founding members of the Jordanian Solidarity Party ( Hizb al-Tadamun al-Urduni '' ) in March 1933 . Sheikh Haditha also cultivated the oasis of Azraq , Jordan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b02d3021a0d4a22d03d7b317ec87a3b3", "text": "Hussein Kamel al-Majid Hussein Kamel Hassan al-Majid ( 1954 -- 23 February 1996 ) was the son-in-law and second cousin of Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein . He defected to Jordan and assisted United Nations Special Commission ( UNSCOM ) and International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) inspection teams assigned to look for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6560421d225ce80db02369e8f6dc423d", "text": "Eli Amir Eli Amir ( אלי עמיר Arabic : ايلى عمير ) ( September 26 , 1937 ) is an Iraqi-born Israeli writer and civil servant . He served as director general of the Youth Aliyah Department of the Jewish Agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daa816bb1195fd00dccabf83853c5b8d", "text": "Jamal al-Husayni Jamal al-Husayni ( 1894-1982 ) was born in Jerusalem and was a member of the highly influential and respected Husayni family . Husayni served as Secretary to the Executive Committee of the Palestine Arab Congress ( 1921 -- 1934 ) and to the Muslim Supreme Council . He was co-founder and chairman of the Palestine Arab Party , established in Jerusalem in 1935 , and in 1937 became a member of the first Arab Higher Committee , led by Amin al-Husayni , later becoming its chairman . During the 1936-39 Arab revolt he escaped first to Syria ( 1937 ) and then to Baghdad , Iraq ( 1939 ) . He led the Arab delegation to the 1939 London Conference and was Palestinian representative to the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry . Husayni was arrested by the British in 1941 and exiled to Southern Rhodesia . He was released at the end of World War II and returned to Palestine in 1946 . He was an unofficial delegate to the United Nations in 1947-48 . In September -- October 1948 he was the foreign minister in the Egyptian-sponsored All-Palestine Government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "914cdbcf9f65bfd3f43bf79108a2ed1a", "text": "April 2016 Baghdad bombing At least 38 people were killed and 86 others wounded , as a result of two car bombings , in Iraq 's capital of Baghdad . The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aba45ab4e17d078915a96a8e9f440000", "text": "Iraqi Australians Iraqi Australians are Australian citizens who identify themselves to be Iraqi descent . Since the 1991 Gulf War , thousands of Iraqis have found refuge in Australia . The total of population is estimated to be as high as 80,000 . Australia 's Iraqi-born population includes Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Armenians , Mandeans , Turkmens and Jews . The first year in which the Australian Census of Population and Housing recorded the Iraq-born separately was 1976 , when the population was 2,273 . By 1986 , the population had risen to 4,516 . By the end of the Gulf War in 1991 , it numbered 5,186 , mainly in New South Wales and Victoria . Many recent arrivals have entered Australia under the Humanitarian programme . The Gulf War and the quelling of uprisings of the Shi'a and the Kurds in Iraq resulted in a large increase in the number of Iraqis coming to Australia after 1991 . There were 24,760 Iraq-born people in Australia at the 2001 Census , making up 0.6 per cent of the overseas-born population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d1f901031ce2c978d355f959b5cb44", "text": "Iraqi presidential referendum, 1995 The Iraqi presidential election of 1995 took place on October 15 of that year . It was the first direct presidential election under the rule of Saddam Hussein , who had seized power through the Revolutionary Command Council in 1979 . Taking the form of a referendum with no other candidates , the election involved giving voters paper ballots that said : `` Do you approve of President Saddam Hussein being the President of the Republic ? '' They then used pens to mark `` yes '' or `` no '' . The next day , Izzat Ibrahim , Hussein 's deputy in the ruling Revolutionary Command Council ( RCC ) , announced the incumbent had won 99.96 % of some 8.4 million valid votes cast . Officially , 3,052 people voted against him ( 45 of them in Baghdad ) , and turnout was 99.47 % . The international community reacted with widespread incredulity to these figures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4ee1b50f199f4fadd766f45b215d48", "text": "Hussein Al-Sadr Ayatollah Hussein Ismael Al-Sadr is a high-ranking Shi'a Muslim religious scholar in Iraq . He was born in the al-Kazimiya district of Baghdad , Iraq , where he resides to this day . He is widely seen as a highly respected unifying figure that has been called upon to reach across Iraq 's ethno-sectarian divides . His lineage goes back to the Prophet Muhammad , through the seventh Shia Imam , Musa al-Kazim . By virtue of his esteemed position as a clergyman , as well as his reputation of being one of the most well respected and highly regarded public figures in Iraq , Hussein Al-Sadr is afforded a certain gravitas and is called on to mediate and advise on a plethora of issues beyond the religious or philanthropic spheres to which he is most accustomed . He has thus attained the role of `` Marji ''' , a level of scholarship awarded to a select few who have proven themselves worthy of the responsibility . The Marji ' ( translated literally to `` authority '' in English ) is referred to on virtually all matters of modern-day life , including occasionally , political issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7718f4290c10d3b6fa04abd21592256a", "text": "Winston's Hiccup `` Winston 's Hiccup '' ( also known as `` Churchill 's Sneeze '' ) ( Arabic : حازوقة وينستون ) refers to the abruptly concave section of Jordan 's eastern border with Saudi Arabia , causing the border to resemble a zigzag shape , supposedly created arbitrarily in 1921 when Winston Churchill ( then serving as the Secretary of State for the Colonies ) drew the boundary of the British protectorate of Transjordan following a `` particularly liquid lunch '' . The legend arose after Churchill himself boasted in his later years that he had created Jordan `` with the stroke of a pen , one Sunday afternoon in Cairo '' . Nevertheless , the supposed involvement of alcohol in the drawing of the border as well as Churchill 's claimed sole responsibility over it are almost certainly apocryphal . Although the modern border is a result of a later territorial exchange between Jordan and Saudi Arabia , the general angle of the Hiccup remains similar , while the location of the vertex remains the same . The two straight borderlines making up the modern Winston 's Hiccup consist of one line running 90 miles northwest , at whose end the border creates an acute angle , and the continuing line which runs for 130 miles northeast towards the Iraqi border . The acute angle created points directly towards the Dead Sea on the other side of Jordan . The triangular part of Saudi Arabia bordering Winston 's Hiccup and thus jutting into Jordan is also the closest part of the country to Jerusalem , at just over 100 miles . Complex and seemingly arbitrary Middle Eastern borders such as Winston 's Hiccup often took the movements and lands of tribal nomads into consideration in attempting to create practical borders . In the modern era , Jordan 's boundaries with Saudi Arabia , Syria , and Iraq do not generally hamper nomads in their movements , although for a few tribes the borders do technically separate them from traditional grazing areas . Conversely , the border between Jordan and Israel is governed more heavily . Officially , the borders were set by a series of agreements between the United Kingdom and the government of what eventually became Saudi Arabia , first formally defined in the Hadda Agreement of 1925 . In 1965 , Jordan and Saudi Arabia concluded a bilateral agreement that realigned and defined the boundary . The realignment resulted in some exchange of territory , and Jordan 's coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba was lengthened by about 18 kilometers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28277858fa0a248873c841dd0cda4fa3", "text": "Farhud Farhud refers to the pogrom or `` violent dispossession '' carried out against the Jewish population of Baghdad , Iraq , on June 1 -- 2 , 1941 , immediately following the British victory in the Anglo-Iraqi War . The riots occurred in a power vacuum following the collapse of the pro-Nazi government of Rashid Ali , while the city was in a state of instability . The violence came immediately after the rapid defeat by the British of Rashid Ali , whose earlier coup had generated a short period of national euphoria , and was charged by allegations that Iraqi Jews had aided the British . Over 180 Jews were killed and 1,000 injured , and up to 300-400 non-Jewish rioters were killed in the attempt to quell the violence . Looting of Jewish property took place and 900 Jewish homes were destroyed . The Farhud took place during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot . Because of rioters lamenting the losses of the outgoing regime of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani , who was an ally of Hitler 's , it has been referred to as a pogrom which was part of the Holocaust , although such comparison has been disputed . It has also been called `` the beginning of the end of the Jewish community of Iraq '' , propagating the migration of Iraqi Jews out of the country , although a direct connection to the 1951-2 Jewish exodus from Iraq is disputed . as many Jews who left Iraq immediately following the Farhud returned to the country and permanent emigration did not accelerate significantly until 1950-51 . According to Hayyim Cohen , the Farhud `` was the only -LSB- such event -RSB- known to the Jews of Iraq , at least during their last hundred years of life there '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e86e8731840e450e5368befede90649", "text": "Sectarian violence in Iraq Sectarian violence in Iraq or the First Iraqi Civil War is a recurring issue throughout the history of the region , since the modern borders of Iraq were mostly demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations . The country , as established , was immediately home to a variety of religious and cultural groups that have clashed as power has ebbed back and forth between them . When Saddam Hussein came to power concerns turned to the division between Sunni and Shi'ite factions in Iraq . Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , having been exiled from Iran in 1964 , had taken up residence in Iraq , at the Shi'ite holy city of An Najaf . There he involved himself with Iraqi Shi'ites and developed a strong , worldwide religious and political following against the Iranian Government , whom Saddam tolerated . Khomeini began to urge the Shi'ites there to overthrow Saddam , contributing to Saddam 's decision to expel Khomeini in 1978 to France . In early 1979 , Iran 's Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown by the Islamic Revolution , thus giving way to an Islamic republic led by Khomeini . The influence of revolutionary Shi'ite Islam grew apace in the region , particularly in countries with large Shi'ite populations , especially Iraq . Saddam feared that radical Islamic ideas -- hostile to his secular rule -- were rapidly spreading inside his country among the majority Shi'ite population . Ultimately , an eight-year-long Iran -- Iraq War ensued , ending in a stalemate . To secure the loyalty of the Shia population during the war , Saddam allowed more Shias into the Ba'ath Party and the government , and improved Shia living standards , which had been lower than those of the Iraqi Sunnis . Saddam had the state pay for restoring Imam Ali 's tomb with white marble imported from Italy . The Baathists also increased their policies of repression against the Shia . The most infamous event was the massacre of 148 civilians of the Shia town of Dujail . Despite the costs of the war , the Iraqi regime made generous contributions to Shia waqf ( religious endowments ) as part of the price of buying Iraqi Shia support . The importance of winning Shia support was such that welfare services in Shia areas were expanded during a time in which the Iraqi regime was pursuing austerity in all other non-military fields . During the first years of the war in the early 1980s , the Iraqi government tried to accommodate the Kurds in order to focus on the war against Iran . In 1983 , the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan agreed to cooperate with Baghdad , but the Kurdish Democratic Party ( KDP ) remained opposed . In 1983 , Saddam signed an autonomy agreement with Jalal Talabani of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan ( PUK ) , though Saddam later reneged on the agreement . By 1985 , the PUK and KDP had joined forces , and Iraqi Kurdistan saw widespread guerrilla warfare up to the end of the war . Towards the end of this war , on 16 March 1988 , the Kurdish town of Halabja was attacked with a mix of mustard gas and nerve agents , killing 5,000 civilians , and maiming , disfiguring , or seriously debilitating 10,000 more . ( see Halabja poison gas attack ) The attack occurred in conjunction with the 1988 al-Anfal Campaign designed to reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish peshmerga rebel forces . The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq , but Saddam 's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack a position which the U.S. supported until several years later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e923f2512a4102aa1f25de1170da9f1", "text": "Iraq–Syria relations Iraq -- Syria relations are marked by long-shared cultural and political links , as well as regional rivalry . The two countries took their present form after the Sykes -- Picot Agreement to dismember the Ottoman Empire into British and French spheres of influence after World War I. Both countries are largely Arab and Muslim , with Kurdish and Christian minorities . Political relations between them have often been hostile . Ever since King Faisal took the Iraqi throne in the early 1920s , Iraqi leaders have dreamed of unifying the two countries . Even during the thaw in Iraqi-Syrian relations during the last years of Saddam Hussein , relations between the two countries were not good . New diplomatic relations established in November 2006 , were heralded as the beginning of an era of close cooperation between Iraq and Syria . Both countries are at war with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6a54d6dacfc1c46b8e51fa6cd2a22bb", "text": "Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim ( 1981 ? or October 25 , 1983 - May 20 , 2015 , Baghdad ) was Saddam Hussein 's half-nephew and an -LSB- ISIL -RSB- guerrilla . Ibrahim 's father was Sabawi Ibrahim Hassan al-Tikriti , Saddam 's half-brother , the ` Six of Diamonds ' in the U.S. ` Most Wanted ' playing card deck due to his leading Iraqi secret intelligence . Sabawi Ibrahim Hassan al-Tikriti and at least two sons ( Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim and his older brother , Ayman Sabawi Ibrahim ) were captured by Iraqi and coalition forces near Saddam 's hometown of Tikrit in February , 2005 . Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim escaped from a prison near Mosul the following year while serving sentences for illegal weapons possession and the manufacture of explosive devices used in terror attacks . His father died from cancer in a Baghdad hospital in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fcc52a57c9f333808fbe2b5ac9fe433", "text": "Umm al-Qura Mosque The Umm al-Qura ( `` Mother of All Cities '' ) mosque in Baghdad is the city 's largest place of worship for Sunni Muslims . Originally called the Umm al-Ma ` arik ( `` Mother of All Battles '' ) mosque , it was designed to commemorate Saddam Hussein 's victory in the 1991 Gulf War and was intended to serve as a personal tribute to Saddam himself . It is located in the Sunni-populated al-Adel area of western Baghdad . Costing $ 7.5 million to build , the mosque 's cornerstone was laid on Saddam 's 61st birthday on 28 April 1998 . It was formally completed on 28 April 2001 in time for the ten-year anniversary of the Gulf War . Although never confirmed by his regime or himself during his lifetime , there has been speculation that it was intended to have been Saddam 's final resting place . Many architectural features of the mosque and the surrounding complex allude to either Saddam or the war ( or both ) . It has four minarets on its perimeter , each resembling a Kalashnikov rifle barrel and standing 43 m high , marking the 43 days of the Gulf War . Around the dome are another four minarets , each in the shape of a Scud missile on its launchpad standing 37 m high . The dome is set in the middle of a lake in the shape of the Arab world , in which was set a 7.5 m wide mosaic representation of Saddam 's thumbprint with an inset magnified version of his initials , made from gold . The mosque was formerly used to display a Qur ` an written in Saddam 's blood . The 28 fountains of the lake , the four inner minarets and the 37 m height of each minaret together represent the date of Saddam 's birth - 28 April 1937 . The building is constructed from white limestone with blue mosaic decorations , and red , white and black Iraqi flags are painted on the peaks of the inner minarets . Following the fall of Saddam Hussein in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the mosque was taken over by a Sunni group called the Association of Muslim Scholars . It became a recruiting site and propaganda centre for the early Iraqi insurgency . The association became a de facto Al Qaeda ally ; its leader Harith Suleiman al-Dhari , who operated out of the mosque , is said to have played a key role in mobilizing insurgents during the 2004 fighting in Fallujah , west of Baghdad . In 2007 , the association was expelled by the Sunni Endowment , a quasi-governmental agency responsible for Sunni mosques in Iraq , which took control of Umm al-Qura . On 28 August 2011 , the mosque was attacked by a suicide bomber during prayers , killing at least 28 people and injuring 30 more . An Iraqi member of parliament was among the dead .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c26550ad4a7607790c98a3d52bd4f632	The National Library of India is only located outside of a country in South Asia.	[ { "docid": "b5436f442df82f9a951e8c0f23032bbe", "text": "National Library of India The National Library on the Belvedere Estate in Alipore , Kolkata , is the largest library in India by volume and India 's library of public record . It is under the Department of Culture , Ministry of Tourism & Culture , Government of India . The library is designated to collect , disseminate and preserve printed material produced in India . The library is situated on the scenic 30 acre Belvedere Estate . It is the largest in India with a collection in excess of 2.2 million books . Before independence , it was the official residence of Lt. Governor of Bengal . The National Library of India is the county 's largest library and the library of public record . The library `` operates under the national government 's Department of Culture and is designated to collect , disseminate , and preserve all printed material produced in India , and all foreign works published about the country -- where ` every work about India ... can be seen and read ''' ( Murray , 2009 ) . The National Library is a result of the merging of the public library with the Imperial Library -- several government libraries . The National Library ( 1953 ) , then the Imperial Library housed several foreign ( British ) and Indian titles and was open to the public . Of further note , the National Library of India collects book , periodicals , and titles in `` virtually all the Indian languages , with Hindi , Kashmiri , Punjab , Sindhi , Telugu , and Urdu '' maintaining the largest stacks ( Murray , 2009 ) . The Special Collections in the National Library of India house at least fifteen languages including `` Assamese , Bengali , Gujarati ... and Tamil with many rare works ( Murray , 2009 ) . The Hindi department has books that date back all the way to the nineteenth century and the first ever books printed in that language . The collections break down and consist of 86,000 maps and 3,200 manuscripts .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0fbcc49c341c3504e3fd21c3dc6a61e5", "text": "National Library of Poland The National Library of Poland ( Biblioteka Narodowa ) is the central Polish library , subject directly to the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland . The library collects books , journals , electronic and audiovisual publications published in the territory of Poland , as well as Polonica published abroad . It is the most important humanities research library , the main archive of Polish writing and the state centre of bibliographic information about books . It also plays a significant role as a research facility and is an important methodological center for other Polish libraries . The National Library receives a copy of every book published in Poland as legal deposit . The Jagiellonian Library is the only other library in Poland to have a national library status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5c81ad0a2cd257358a173b6131f9564", "text": "Indian English literature Indian English Literature ( IEL ) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India . Its early history began with the works of R. K. Narayan , Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s . It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora , such as V. S. Naipaul , Kiran Desai , Jhumpa Lahiri , Kovid Gupta , Agha Shahid Ali , Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie , who are of Indian descent . It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature . ( Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with Anglo-Indian ) . As a category , this production comes in the broader realm of postcolonial literature -- the production from previously colonised countries such as India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f59ba11e3c936efa665d5225ccdf7648", "text": "National Book Trust National Book Trust ( NBT ) is an Indian publishing house , founded in 1957 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education of the Government of India . NBT now functions under aegis of Ministry of Human Resource Development , Govt . of India India 's first Prime Minister Pt . Jawaharlal Nehru envisioned that NBT would be a bureaucracy-free structure that would publish low-cost books . They publish a monthly Newsletter about recent publications . The activities of the Trust include publishing , promotion of books and reading , promotion of Indian books abroad , assistance to authors and publishers , and promotion of children 's literature . NBT publishes reading material in several Indian languages for all age-groups , including books for children and neo-literates . NBT 's children 's books are known for their illustrations , by illustrators such as Pulak Biswas , Jagdish Joshi , Mrinal Mitra , Subir Roy , Atanu Roy , Manjula Padmanabhan , Mickey Patel and Suddhasattwa Basu . Painters Jatin Das and Krishen Khanna have also illustrated books for the Trust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "555ff67d8b6401067579dc66dce8bf9f", "text": "Government of India The Government of India ( GoI ) is the federal government created by the Constitution of India as the legislative , executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally sovereign , socialist , secular , democratic republic , constitutionally called the Republic of India . It is located in New Delhi , the capital of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f7a5ff6816551e4c55e72969a5e9f5", "text": "Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition . Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a35514dd5793f9f00dc2323f3e2d699b", "text": "Andrews Library Andrews Library was established in 1850 in Surat , Gujarat , India , and named after Andrews , a retired magistrate , and co-established by Rao Bahadur Naginchand Jhaveri , a wealthy pearl dealer who often contributed to the development of the city . The library holds some rare works in arts and history , this literary realm also caters to students from the science , commerce , engineering and medical fields , and provides newspapers and magazines in many languages for the locals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95184ceb8e26f24ecae235a9d9a7ea7c", "text": "Gitanjali Literary Prize The Gitanjali Literary Prize is a Franco-Indian literary award established in 2012 . It was founded by the Mohsen Hachtroudi Foundation and CHG Earth Group ( a hotel company in India ) . A Francophone author and an Indian author each receive a prize which includes a Gitanjali Medal , a literary sojourn of 15 days , and a translation of the work . The French book will be edited in India by an Indian editor and the book in any of the Indian languages will be published by a French editor . Any Francophone country is eligible as are many of the major Indian regional languages . The prize is open to all works and genres that correspond to the theme of the year . The prize is named for the collection of poems Gitanjali ( 1910 ) by Nobel-laureate Rabindranath Tagore . Fariba Hachtroudi is a Francophone writer of Iranian origin , President of the MoHa Foundation and co-founder of the prize , she said : `` The prize has two aims : to contribute to the promotion of the French language in India and also to the promotion of Indian works in France . Works by noted Indian writers not only in English , but in other regional languages like Hindi , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam and Bengali will also be eligible . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8d1465578d6926397a7db422b952cd", "text": "Online book rental in India Online book rental refers to a service wherein users rent books via the internet . Users browse books online and have their choices home-delivered , rather than physically visiting a library to borrow a book . This e-commerce model is very similar to the popular video rental service provided by the California-based Netflix . Online book rental is gaining popularity in India , with a number of websites offering free doorstep delivery for a small monthly fee . The popularity of such websites can be attributed to increasing internet usage in the country ; India is expected to have the third-largest number of internet users in the world by 2013 . Statistics for the publishing industry are also promising . India is the world 's third-largest market for English books , and its entire book market -- in English , as well as regional languages -- is estimated to generate Rs . 10,000 crore annually . The online book market in India is expected to grow at 30 -- 35 % annually for the next five years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e296a85fb967b2ad645170bf1611163a", "text": "National Museum, New Delhi The National Museum in New Delhi , also known as the National Museum of India , is one of the largest museums in India . Established in 1949 , it holds variety of articles ranging from pre-historic era to modern works of art . It functions under the Ministry of Culture , Government of India . The museum is situated on the corner of Janpath and Maulana Azad Road . The blue -- print of the National Museum had been prepared by the Gwyer Committee set up by the Government of India in 1946 . The Museum has around 200,000 works of art , both of Indian and foreign origin , covering over 5,000 years . It remains closed on Mondays . It also houses the National Museum Institute of History of Arts , Conservation and Museology on the first floor which was established in 1983 and now is a Deemed University since 1989 , and runs Masters and Doctoral level courses in History of Art , Conservation and Museology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcc3ddb3468cbfdd94c9e8cd861b0da4", "text": "Stateless nation Stateless nation is a political term for ethnic/national minority that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state . The term implies that the group `` should have '' such a state . Members of stateless ethnic groups may be citizens/nationals of the country in which they live , or they may be denied citizenship by that country . Stateless nations are usually not represented as a nation in international sports such as FIFA , Olympics or in international communities such as the United Nations . Nations without state are classified as fourth world nations . Some of the stateless nations have a great heritage and a long tradition of statehood in the past and some were always a stateless nation , which was dominated by another nation for a large part of its history . Stateless nations either are dispersed across a number of states ( for example , the Yoruba people are found in the African states of Nigeria , Benin and Togo ) or form the native population of a province within a larger state ( such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People 's Republic of China ) . Some stateless nations historically had a state , which was absorbed by another ; for example , Tibet 's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized , and it was invaded in 1951 by the People 's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China , while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under unlawful occupation . Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state ( for example , the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats , Serbs , Bosniaks , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Kosovars and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia . Since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed ) . Stateless nations can have large population . For example , The Tamils are a stateless nation in South Asia with a population of more than 70 million . They form one of the largest ethnic groups in South India . Governments may respond differently on stateless nations in their states . For example , the suppression of the Tamil people in Sri Lanka led to one of the longest and most violent separatist conflict between 1983 and 2009 . However , a similar ethnic conflict was absent among Tamils in India during this period , because they were peacefully integrated into the federal structure of India . Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same region . For example , Catalans , Basques , Aragonese , Galicians , Asturians , Valencians , Andalusians in Iberian Peninsula or the Brahui , Santhals and Balochs in South Asia . The Romani people are another stateless people . They may be a special case being distributed among numerous countries with no clear homeland ; as a traditionally `` nomadic '' people , the Romani/Roma are a classical `` stateless nation '' without aspiration to sovereign territory . As not all states are nation states , there are a number of ethnic groups who live in a multinational state without being considered `` stateless nations '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099d90d8dcf23b433718dd183f036e3c", "text": "National Library of Thailand The National Library of Thailand is the legal depositary and copyright library for Thailand . It was created in 1905 , after the merger of the three existing royal libraries . It operates under the jurisdiction of the Fine Arts Department of the Ministry of Culture in Bangkok . The library aims to be a fully high-tech national intellectual property resource , serving all people and guided by professional staff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f149ee75409a2fc657c6b5372f09b08", "text": "Nirad C. Chaudhuri Nirad Chandra Chaudhuri ( 23 November 1897 -- 1 August 1999 ) was an Indian Bengali − English writer and man of letters . He was born in a Hindu family in 1897 in Kishoreganj , then part of Bengal in British India , now in Bangladesh . Chaudhuri authored numerous works in English and Bengali . His oeuvre provides a magisterial appraisal of the histories and cultures of India , especially in the context of British colonialism in the 19th and 20th centuries . Chaudhuri is best known for The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian , published in 1951 . Over the course of his literary career , he received numerous accolades for his writing . In 1966 , The Continent of Circe was awarded the Duff Cooper Memorial Award , making Chaudhuri the first and only Indian to date to be given the prize . The Sahitya Akademi , India 's national Academy of Letters , awarded Chaudhuri the Sahitya Akademi Award for his biography on Max Müller , Scholar Extraordinary In 1990 , Oxford University awarded Chaudhuri , by then a long-time resident of the city of Oxford , an Honorary Degree in Letters . In 1992 , he was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5584228407adf2ac6f2dde248117c1e9", "text": "Madras Literary Society The Madras Literary Society is a Learned Society in Chennai ( earlier called Madras ) , India which was founded in 1817 and in 1830 it became associated with the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland . It was founded by Sir John Henry Newbolt , Chief Justice of Madras with Benjamin Guy Babington as the founder secretary . The Society produced a journal called the Transactions of the Literary Society of Madras and from 1833 under the name of -LSB- Madras -RSB- Journal of Literature and Science . Most of the early members were Europeans and the first Indian to be admitted was Kavali Lakshmayya who worked with Colin Mackenzie . The journal ceased publication in 1894 . The journal published extensive researches on geology , meteorology , fauna , flora , culture and history . Some of the major contributors to the journal included Thomas C. Jerdon and Walter Elliot . The library run by the society in a red sandstone building in the Department of Public Instruction complex in Nungambakkam is the oldest functional public library in the city and one of the oldest in India . The Government Museum , Chennai started as an extension of the Madras Literary Society library in Nungambakkam before moving to the present premises in Pantheon Road , Egmore . In 1890 , a major part of the library 's book collection was moved to a new building in the same premises as the museum to form the Connemara Public Library . The main library continues to exist in the premises of the DPI albeit in a dilapidated state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14e00b953a230a4f46bcd02e78334c00", "text": "Raza Library The Rampur Raza Library ( Hindi : रामपुर रज़ा किताब ख़ाना , Urdu : رام پور رضا کِتاب خانہ Rāmpur Razā Kitāb Khāna ) located in Rampur , Uttar Pradesh , India is a repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage and a treasure-house of knowledge established in last decades 18th century , and built up by successive Nawabs of Rampur and now managed by Government of India . It contains very rare and valuable collection of manuscripts , historical documents , specimens of Islamic calligraphy , miniature paintings , astronomical instruments and rare illustrated works in Arabic and Persian . Rampur 's Raza Library also contains printed works in Sanskrit , Hindi , Urdu , Pashto ( having the original manuscript of the first translation of the Qur ` an in addition to other important books/documents ) , Tamil and Turkish , and approximately 30,000 printed books ( including periodicals ) in various other languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c58d77bc62320484c8bdb654659d97d", "text": "Sri Lankan High Commissioner to India The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to India is the Sri Lankan envoy to India . Countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations typically exchange High Commissioners , rather than Ambassadors . Though there are a few technical differences ( for instance , whereas Ambassadors present their diplomatic credentials to the host country 's head of state , High Commissioners are accredited to the head of government ) , they are in practice one and the same office . Prior to the establishment of formal diplomatic ties with India after Ceylon gained independence in 1948 , the Government of British Ceylon maintained an official representative to the British Raj in India from 1942 to 1948 . The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to India is concurrently accredited as Ambassador to both Bhutan and Afghanistan . Sri Lanka also maintains two Consuls-General in Chennai and Mumbai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45d4fa0e8c74d79d61400965b1d0be1c", "text": "National Library of Israel The National Library of Israel ( NLI ; -LSB- הספרייה הלאומית , translit = HaSifria HaLeumit -RSB- المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل ) , formerly Jewish National and University Library ( JNUL ; -LSB- בית הספרים הלאומי והאוניברסיטאי , translit = Beit Ha-Sfarim Ha-Le ` umi ve-Ha-Universita ' i -RSB- ) , is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage . The library holds more than 5 million books , and is located on the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem . The National Library owns the world 's largest collections of Hebraica and Judaica , and is the repository of many rare and unique manuscripts , books and artifacts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43722251b197bf7983791f822e6227af", "text": "Sahapedia Sahapedia is an open online multimedia knowledge resource -LSB- i -RSB- on the arts , cultures and histories of India ( and broadly , South Asia ) based on both curated and crowd-sourced content . ` Saha ' ( Sanskrit for ` together with ' ) , is an invitation to explore together the richness of the cultural landscape . On the Sahapedia portal people can read articles , watch videos , listen to interviews , and browse image galleries . Users can also explore historic sites and natural spaces through virtual walks , timelines and interactive maps . -LSB- ii -RSB- It is both a resource and a platform in that registered users may log into a personal work space from where they can submit material for curation and form communities of interest . It is also an online archive that hosts a library , cultural events calendar and news . History Sahapedia was registered as a not-for-profit Society in June 2011 under the Societies Act of 1860 . S. Ramadorai ( Former Vice Chairman , Tata Consultancy Services , and Chairman , National Skills Development Agency ) is the President and mentor of Sahapedia . Sudha Gopalakrishnan ( Founder Director , 2003 -- 07 , National Mission for Manuscripts , Government of India and UNESCO-empanelled expert on intangible cultural heritage ) is the Vice President and Executive Director of Sahapedia . The organization is guided by a panel of advisors who are eminent scholars and experts . Since the inception of the project in 2010 , a qualified team of researchers and designers based in New Delhi has been working to develop Sahapedia . The team has established the conceptual , design and legal framework of the project . Sahapedia has had an active online presence for the last three years , and it has received positive feedback from users . Based on this , information architecture and development experts worked together to build Sahapedia 's unique technology platform , which was launched on April 23 , 2016 . -LSB- i -RSB- Vision Sahapedia 's goals are to inform , educate and act . It aims to foster knowledge , encourage engagement and generate action towards understanding and revitalising the diverse aspects of Indian culture . It envisions itself as an open resource which facilitates conversations between scholars and students , artists and enthusiasts , and serves as a platform for independent researchers and collectors . The encyclopedia seeks to make the best use of the digital medium 's potential for cross-referencing across domains and subjects , encouraging non-linear exploration that illuminates new connections and new ramifications . It also integrates activities and services including research , documentation , digitisation and conservation . -LSB- i -RSB- Mission The organization is working on areas like developing a digital library ( monographs , out-of-print scholarly work , old journals , unpublished reports ) ; linking with online archives of texts , recordings , translation ; curating material that makes tourism more meaningful , creating resources for education responsive to local histories and needs , developing scholarly resources ( editing online journals , teaching old scripts online ) , and making the best use of digital interactives to explain formal techniques in fields such as music , architecture , textile , etc. . The idea is to create ` a movement for engaging with culture , as the collective legacy of people , by encouraging local documentation and upload on Sahapedia . ' -LSB- i -RSB- Work The core of Sahapedia is the encyclopedia that addresses ten domains : the areas covered come under the categories of Knowledge Traditions , Visual and Material Arts , Performing Arts , Literature and Languages , Practices and Rituals , Histories , Institutions , People , and Natural Environment . The research and editorial team identify subjects for the encyclopaedia , visit libraries and consult experts to arrive at an outline for its treatment , write to scholars for articles or request them for interviews , go on field visits for documentation and compile links to online resources and suggestions for further reading . Sahapedia also works with affiliates who are experts in their field and can curate modules that cover various aspects of a particular subject . Ongoing Projects Oral history : Documents interactions with artists , scholars and practitioners . The project also records performances , events , activities , lectures , demonstrations and seminars . Library : Makes available archival material relating to history , literature , music and the performing arts under the Creative Share-alike License . Built heritage : Documents heritage sites and spaces in India with a view to covering both academic studies and experiential accounts . Maps project : Encourages people to participate in the cultural mapping of India and South Asia by marking cultural sites , forms , practices and events in their areas . Heritage education : It has partnered in the Heritage Education efforts of the Central Board of Secondary Education involving 12,900 schools , by creating an interactive web resource for children on the CBSE website . -LSB- i -RSB- Besides , the collaboratively-created encyclopedia database will be available as an offline tool for distance and rural education . Institutional collaborations : Sahapedia is in partnership with numerous national and international organisations with regard to specific projects . Collaborations have been forged with the Ministry of Culture , Rashtrapati Bhavan , Archaeological Survey of India , the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies , National School of Drama , the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the International Information Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region , UNESCO . -LSB- ii -RSB- External Links Sahapedia.org , Official website Youtube , Facebook , Twitter , Instagram", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b0a7590916c3662ba8f2ad8bc707c7b", "text": "Metrication in India Metrication or metrification is the process of converting to the metric system based on the International System of Units ( SI ) . India 's conversion to the metric system occurred in stages between 1955 and 1962 . The metric system in weights and measures was adopted by the Indian Parliament in December 1956 with the Standards of Weights and Measures Act , which took effect beginning 1 October 1958 . The Indian Coinage Act was passed in 1955 by the Government of India to introduce decimal coinage in the country . The new system of coins became legal tender on April 1957 , where the rupee consists of 100 paise . For the next five years , both the old and new systems were legal . In April 1962 , all other systems were banned . This process of metrication is called `` big-bang '' route , which is to simultaneously outlaw the use of pre-metric measurement , metricise , reissue all government publications and laws , and change education systems to metric . India 's conversion was quicker than that of many other countries , including its coloniser , the United Kingdom . This was helped by low popular literacy and the fact that there was previously no nationwide standard measurement system -- British Imperial units were used by the upper class , while various regional systems were used by the poor . The Indian model was extremely successful and served later as a model for metrication in various African and Asian countries . The National Physical Laboratory of India , located in New Delhi , is designated the maintainer of SI units in India . It also calibrates the national standards of weights and measures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3948cc8ce58560e328bbfcc74452ba6", "text": "Reserve Bank of India The Reserve Bank of India ( RBI ) is India 's central banking institution , which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee . It commenced its operations on 1 April 1935 during the British Rule in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act , 1934 . The original share capital was divided into shares of 100 each fully paid , which were initially owned entirely by private shareholders . Following India 's independence on 15 August 1947 , the RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949 . The RBI plays an important part in the Development Strategy of the Government of India . It is a member bank of the Asian Clearing Union . The general superintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the 21-member Central Board of Directors : the Governor , 4 Deputy Governors , 2 Finance Ministry representatives , 10 government-nominated directors to represent important elements of India 's economy , and 4 directors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai and New Delhi . Each of these local boards consists of 5 members who represent regional interests , the interests of co-operative and indigenous banks . A Central Bank is an independent apex monetary authority which regulates banks and provides important financial services like storing of foreign exchange reserves , control of inflation , monetary policy report . A Central Bank is known by different names in different countries . The functions of a Central Bank vary from country to country and are autonomous or quasi-autonomous body and perform or through another agency vital monetary functions in the country . A central bank is a vital financial apex institution of an economy and the key objects of central banks may differ from country to country still they perform activities and functions with the goal of maintaining economic stability and growth of an economy . The bank is also active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion ( AFI ) . The bank is often referred to by the name Mint Street .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d621c3644225a82b2d82e0d650ad47ed	Got a Girl is an American musical duo.	[ { "docid": "3b2675e3e722f21423ae129d1de908c1", "text": "Got a Girl Got a Girl is an American musical duo consisting of actress Mary Elizabeth Winstead and music producer Dan the Automator that formed in 2012 . The band 's first studio album , I Love You but I Must Drive Off This Cliff Now was released in 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "df6acf05b82697e7226502a42cc99d2e", "text": "I Got You (Bebe Rexha song) `` I Got You '' is a song recorded by American singer Bebe Rexha . It was released on October 28 , 2016 as the lead single from her second extended play ( EP ) All Your Fault : Pt . 1 . The track was produced by production team Captain Cuts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d51e7b1977934ca0e1847b45a2e3756", "text": "Get Down on It `` Get Down on It '' is a 1982 RIAA million-selling Gold-certified single by American band Kool & the Gang . It was originally released on their Platinum-selling Something Special album in 1981 . The song hit the Top 10 of the U.S. Pop and R&B charts in Billboard in early 1982 . It entered the UK charts in December 1981 and reached number 3 , their highest-charting hit in the UK at that time . It spent a total of 12 weeks on the British play list . Ten years later , it was re-released in the UK charts -- on the Mercury label -- but only charted for a week ( at number 69 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99197eb911b66b1d12ce75c474aa0749", "text": "Poplyfe PopLyfe , alternately styled as POPLYFE , is a teen pop band from Oakland , California , that was a contestant on season 6 of America 's Got Talent . They finished in fourth place on the show after performing a medley by Queen in the finals . The band 's members are Kehlani Parrish , Dylan Wiggins , Jaden Wiggins , and Ali-Khan Lochin . They have featured various musicians and vocalists including Zendaya , Gabby Wilson , Denzel Merrit , Dillon Ingram , Cole Berliner , Jared Anderson , and Chasity Hinson . On America 's Got Talent , their performers ranged in age from 13 to 18 . Both Dylan and Jaden Wiggins are sons of producer D'wayne Wiggins , a member of Tony ! Toni ! Toné ! and Poplyfe 's producer . Lochin is a cousin of the Wiggins brothers . Most of the group 's members are students at Oakland School for the Arts . PopLyfe toured with Disney 's Shake It Up star Zendaya on her Swag It Out Tour . PopLyfe member Kehlani Parrish left PopLyfe soon after the end of America 's Got Talent because of several managerial and contractual disputes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70367ee93a19ef5c1054c580e8339ccc", "text": "Keep Your Hands off My Girl `` Keep Your Hands Off My Girl '' is a song by American pop punk band Good Charlotte . It was released in late 2006 on their official website and MySpace page and is the fifth track on their fourth full-length studio album , Good Morning Revival ( 2007 ) . The song is the first and debut single off the album Good Morning Revival in the United Kingdom , Australia ( where it was certified Gold ) and Latin America . However , it was not released in North America as a single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17b64c7b316f0370d8e812e307a48af7", "text": "Gotta Be You Got ta Be You may refer to : `` Got ta Be You '' ( 2NE1 song ) , a 2014 song by 2NE1 `` Got ta Be You '' ( 3T song ) , a 1996 song by 3T `` Got ta Be You '' ( One Direction song ) , a 2011 song by One Direction `` Got ta Be You '' ( Sugababes song ) , a 2005 song by Sugababes", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a085c60df94c6b59c72aebaf95bd26f1", "text": "Jonnie and Brookie Jonnie and Brookie is an American Pop/Rock duo originating from Gilbert , Arizona . The group is best known for winning the Radio Disney N.B.T. ( Next Big Thing ) contest in 2009 and performing at the Disney Channel Summer at Seas concert tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b870d051f505ce0929d9033ca819d841", "text": "E.Y.C. (band) E.Y.C. ( also known as Express Yourself Clearly ) was an American pop/R & B group . Its members were Damon Butler , Dave Loeffler and Trey McKay Parker . E.Y.C. failed to find success in their home country , but became more popular abroad in the United Kingdom and Australia . They scored six Top 40 hits in the UK Singles Chart before disbanding . Controversy surrounded the release of their track `` Black Book '' ; which was released as a special edition CD featuring the names of all the fans that had signed up to their mailing list encouraging them to purchase the CD . This resulted in the group scoring their biggest hit when the track peaked at Number 13 in the UK chart . They also appeared on the Childliners single , The Gift Of Christmas , alongside acts such as Backstreet Boys , Boyzone , MN8 , Sean Maguire , Deuce , Ultimate Kaos , Let Loose , East 17 , Peter Andre , Michelle Gayle and Dannii Minogue . Robbie Williams & Gary Barlow & Jason Orange & Howard Donland & Mark Owen & Kylie Minogue & Alexa Chung & Alex Zane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de08c21bb2ba8f7cb2ed31e74522f2ad", "text": "Around the Way Girl `` Around the Way Girl '' is a hit single by LL Cool J from his 1990 album Mama Said Knock You Out . This is a rap about LL searching for a girl who is streetwise to form a relationship with . The entire song describes the exact features of what he is looking for in this particular girl . For example , he constantly repeats the line `` I need an around the way girl '' through out the entire rap . The single samples Mary Jane Girls ' `` All Night Long '' , Keni Burke 's `` Risin ' to the Top '' , and The Honey Drippers ' `` Impeach the President '' , which is used as the main instrumental element of the song . It is also noted that this song is an early example of the high pitched sample rap . Around the Way Girl later appeared on LL Cool J 's 1996 greatest hits album , All World : Greatest Hits . `` Around the Way Girl '' peaked at # 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming his first top 10 single . It also was a hit on the R&B and dance music charts , where it peaked at # 5 and # 7 respectively . The RIAA certified `` Around the Way Girl '' Gold on January 15 , 1991 for sales of over 500,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9312b0127b36a8db33c7b5c05b21abae", "text": "Got Talent Got Talent is a British talent show television format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell 's SYCOtv company . A pilot was made in the United Kingdom in 2005 , hosted by Paul O'Grady , but after O'Grady 's split with ITV , the series was postponed , resulting in NBC 's America 's Got Talent -- the first full series of the format . It has spawned spin-offs in over 58 countries ( as of April 2014 ) , in what is now referred to as the ` Got Talent ' format , similar to that described by FremantleMedia of the Idol and The X Factor formats . Unlike those shows , Got Talent showcases several artistic disciplines in addition to singing . In April 2014 , the format was named the world 's most successful reality TV format ever by the Guinness World Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d456010409804c2ccc4958269baf5e6", "text": "Boy (duo) Boy ( stylized BOY ) is a Swiss -- German pop duo founded in 2007 by Swiss singer Valeska Steiner and German bassist Sonja Glass . The two met while at a pop-music course at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg in 2005 . The band initially played concerts exclusively , before being discovered and signed to Herbert Grönemeyer 's label , Grönland Records , in 2011 . Their debut album , Mutual Friends ( Gold-certified in Germany ) , was produced by Philipp Steinke and released in the autumn of 2011 . The band sings entirely in English in a style reminiscent of that of Leslie Feist . In the UK , Mutual Friends was released by Decca in June 2012 . The North American release of the album was in February 2013 on Nettwerk Records . Boy won the Hamburg Musician Prize HANS in 2011 in the category Hamburgs Newcomer of the Year , and their album Mutual Friends won the 2012 European Border Breakers Award ( EBBA ) . The duo 's song `` Little Numbers '' was also featured in the Lufthansa Airline 's Business Class advertisement in mid-2012 . In 2013 the song was at No. 4 in the Japan Hot 100 . The duo 's first-ever USA tour launched on March 1 , 2013 with a sold-out performance at Joe 's Pub , New York City . After a two-year hiatus to focus on song-writing , the duo released their second studio album We Were Here in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8a4ce66889086fec618f96a32c3e5f", "text": "Some Girls (band) For the punk band see Some Girls ( California band ) . Some Girls ( formed in 2001 ) is an American indie rock trio composed of Juliana Hatfield ( guitar and vocals ) , Heidi Gluck ( electric bass guitar , keyboard , harmonica , lap steel guitar , and vocals ) and Freda Love Smith ( drums and vocals ) . The group 's songs are generally melodic , upbeat , and lighthearted . The group released first album , Feel It , in 2003 and toured the United States . Their second album , Crushing Love , was released in July 2006 on Koch Records . The release includes a DVD containing tour and studio footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01021ed266c7fe7316ac0ba9d0f91152", "text": "Girl on TV `` Girl On TV '' is a song written and recorded by the American boy band LFO . It was released in November 1999 , from their album LFO . The song was also their second single and peaked at number 10 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on November 30 ( after reaching the Top 40 on November 16 ) and number 6 in the UK , where it was their biggest hit . `` Girl on TV '' was certified Gold by RIAA in 2000 for the shipment of over 500,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8a3156c8570870fcb5bb602582dc71f", "text": "Brandon & Leah Brandon & Leah is an American-based indie pop group made up of husband and wife team Brandon and Leah Jenner . Brandon and Leah have known each other since they were in middle school and began playing music together in high school . They were married on May 31 , 2012 in Hawaii outside the St. Regis Princeville Resort . Their sound has been described as indie pop , hip-hop based reggae , and electro-pop-soul . They are influenced by soul , reggae , pop , and hip-hop . The group met popularity when their single , `` Showstopper '' was used as the theme song for Kourtney and Kim Take Miami on E! Entertainment . Initially Brandon and Leah were signed to Warner Bros. . Records , but they soon opted to release their music on their own . Along with Tony Berg , they produced their debut EP , Cronies , which was released on April 9 , 2013 . It has reached # 82 on the Billboard 200 , # 16 on the Billboard Independent Albums Chart , and # 24 on the Billboard Digital Albums chart . They released their second EP , Together , on October 14 , 2014 . They previously performed together in a band called Big Dume .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b05b1360aa6835ea70265eb7f7b7bcbc", "text": "Boy & a Girl Thing `` Boy & a Girl Thing '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mo Pitney . It was released to radio on August 31 , 2015 as the second single from his upcoming debut studio album , Behind This Guitar . The song was written by Pitney and Don Sampson and features Morgane Stapleton singing background vocals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1becac5e1e51c7e67ac16cc8ba581a4", "text": "I Got You I Got You may refer to : I Got You ( I Feel Good ) ( album ) , an album by James Brown `` I Got You ( I Feel Good ) '' , a song by James Brown `` I Got You '' ( Craig Morgan song ) `` I Got You '' ( Dwight Yoakam song ) `` I Got You '' ( Leona Lewis song ) ( 2009 ) `` I Got You '' ( Nick Carter song ) `` I Got You '' ( Split Enz song ) `` I Got You '' ( Shenandoah song ) `` I Got You '' ( Thompson Square song ) `` I Got You '' ( Badfinger song ) `` I Got You '' ( Bebe Rexha song ) `` I Got You ( At the End of the Century ) '' , a song by Wilco from Being There `` I Got You '' , a song by Jack Johnson from From Here to Now to You `` I Got You '' , a song by Leona Lewis from I Am ( 2015 ) `` I Got You '' , a song by Stone Temple Pilots from No. 4 `` I Got You '' , a song by Train from Save Me , San Francisco `` I Got You '' , a song by Whitney Houston from I Look to You `` I Got You '' , a song by Ciara from Jackie `` I Got U '' , a song by Duke Dumont `` I Got U '' , a song by Selena Gomez & the Scene from Kiss & Tell", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97a9c3226bac845f043d85908673c176", "text": "Gots ta Be `` Gots ta Be '' is the second single by R&B group B2K off their self-titled debut album . The song was released in February 2002 and it peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 13 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "889bd081944ca6f67fdda63b71a8dd33", "text": "The Girls! The Girls ! are an American power pop band from Columbus , Ohio . The band has been described as a `` pop-punk party band '' . The lead singer , Jessica Wabbit , is the older sister of Bloodshot Records recording artist Lydia Loveless . The band name is either pronounced as `` The Girls '' or `` The Girls Bang '' due to the exclamation point .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73c3ad00ed19e16c372fc40af9850ee5", "text": "Get-A-Way `` Get-A-Way '' is a Top-10 European hit single recorded by the '90s eurodance duo act MAXX . The single was released in October 1993 as MAXX 's debut single . `` Get-A-Way '' became a dancefloor hit in Europe , peaking at No. 11 in Germany , and at No. 5 in the UK , Austria , Sweden and the Netherlands . The single also became a Top-10 hit in Switzerland and Norway . `` Get-A-Way '' was later certified Gold in Germany for selling over 250,000 , and Silver in the UK for selling over 200,000 units . By mid-1994 , the single reached a total of 1.1 million in European commercial sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ffe6da5aa631d03e30aa288072b1f47", "text": "Ready Ready Set Go Ready Ready Set Go is the first compilation album ( third overall ) by Canadian musical duo Prozzäk , released under the name Simon and Milo , by Hollywood Records on April 30 , 2002 . This was a limited edition CD and also enhanced with three bonus videos . The album 's name is taken from the opening line from `` Pretty Girls ( Make Me Nervous ) '' , the first track on the album . All of the tracks were taken from the two previous albums , Hot Show and Saturday People , with the exception of the one new track introduced on the album , `` Get a Clue '' , a theme song for the TV movie of the same name starring Lindsay Lohan . `` Get a Clue '' is also a featured track in the video game Disney 's Extreme Skate Adventure , and its accompanying music video is an unlockable video in the extras section of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "790d44f347a02e310407ace722774f77", "text": "Country Girl Country Girl may refer to : Country Girl ( memoir ) , a memoir by Edna O'Brien `` Country Girl '' ( Primal Scream song ) , 2006 `` Country Girl '' ( Faron Young song ) , 1959 `` Country Girl ( Shake It for Me ) '' , a 2011 song by Luke Bryan Country Girl ( Dottie West album ) , 1968 Country Girl ( Olivia Newton-John album ) , 1998 `` Country Girl '' , a song by Crosby , Stills , Nash , and Young from Déjà Vu `` Country Girl '' , a song by Black Sabbath from Mob Rules `` Country Girl '' , a charting single for Jeannie C. Riley in 1970 which appears on her Generation Gap album `` Country Girl '' , a song by Nazareth from Nazareth `` Country Girl '' , a single by Brinsley Schwarz which appears on their Despite It All album", "title": "" } ]	fever
1fe527ec6fba829925d4c136659b60ef	No Escape was released in 2015.	[ { "docid": "361a7174eb1d0d469e0e9087534456fa", "text": "No Escape (2015 film) No Escape is a 2015 American action film directed by John Erick Dowdle , who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother , Drew Dowdle . The film stars Owen Wilson , Lake Bell , and Pierce Brosnan , and tells the story of an expat engineer trapped with his family in an unidentified South-East Asian country bordering Vietnam during a violent uprising . The film was released on August 26 , 2015 . It had special sneak previews in the Philippines on August 16 and 17 , 2015 , as well as multiple pre-screenings throughout the United States before its official release on August 26 , 2015 by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2be345ef6c53f43c55c2e70d72d409f1", "text": "The Sweet Escape (song) `` The Sweet Escape '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her second studio album of the same name ( 2006 ) . It was written by Stefani , Akon , and Giorgio Tuinfort . Akon , who is also a featured artist , developed the song 's beat before collaborating with Stefani . He designed it based on her previous work with No Doubt , and Stefani later commented that it put her `` on the yellow brick road to the No Doubt record I might do '' . `` The Sweet Escape '' is an apology for a fight between two lovers and describes a dream of a pleasant life for them . As the album 's title track , its title was chosen to help market Stefani 's music and fashion lines . The song received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics , though there was a negative response to Akon 's presence as a featured artist . `` The Sweet Escape '' was released as the album 's second single on December 19 , 2006 and was commercially successful in mainstream and adult contemporary markets . It reached the top 10 of most singles charts and topped the New Zealand Singles Chart . The song was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Grammy Awards . In the song 's accompanying music video , Stefani attempts to escape from a golden prison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a53f519c347740dd2f51e72eb9de897", "text": "Solomon's Perjury are two 2015 Japanese suspense mystery films directed by Izuru Narushima , based on the novel of the same title by Miyuki Miyabe . The first , , was released on March 7 and the second , , was released on April 11 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d8ebd595fa3afd129722f51d454c9c1", "text": "Escape Velocity (song) `` Escape Velocity '' is a song by The Chemical Brothers , released as a white label promotional single from their 2010 album Further . The version that appears on the single is different from that found on the album , in that it features no transition out of `` Snow '' or into `` Another World . '' The song was broadcast in part on Pete Tong 's radio show on BBC Radio 1 . It was also played before its release in a Chemical Brothers DJ set at Coachella 2009 , along with `` Do n't Think , '' which was ultimately released as a bonus track on the iTunes edition of Further . It was also used in the videogame Gran Turismo 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89aab664ebc53d04845bf9335e75acfd", "text": "Blind Spot (2015 film) Blind Spot is a 2015 Chinese suspense thriller film directed by Danny Pang . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dc30d313e601c6c99f5df34d97ed0ea", "text": "Langto Langto is a 2015 Indian film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba186929e6828a958a1954e070a7651c", "text": "Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions . The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79be731cf527f945acee9d6e6f1b7868", "text": "Lila & Eve Lila & Eve is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Patrick Gilfillan . The film stars Viola Davis and Jennifer Lopez . It premiered on January 30 , 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival . The film was released in North America on July 17 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films . This marks the second time Davis and Lopez acted in a film together , the first being the Steven Soderbergh film Out of Sight in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e98aae857ec7eec427236d4563c725", "text": "Oh No (Bring Me the Horizon song) `` Oh No '' is a song by British rock band Bring Me the Horizon . Produced by keyboardist Jordan Fish and vocalist Oliver Sykes , it was featured on the band 's 2015 fifth studio album That 's the Spirit , when it reached number 166 on the UK Singles Chart and number ten on the UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart . It was later released as the seventh single from the album on 18 November 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "016eb19311ec7d3062565b85645d4553", "text": "Romance Out of the Blue Romance Out of the Blue is a 2015 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Ning Ying . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec2992648e47150ec5eb7d9969261274", "text": "Answer to No One: The Colt Ford Classics Answer to No One : The Colt Ford Classics is the first compilation album of country rap American musician Colt Ford . It was released on October 23 , 2015 . Features four songs from his first album Ride Through the Country , three songs from his latest album Thanks for Listening , three from Declaration of Independence and two from Every Chance I Get , as well as the title-track of Chicken & Biscuits and the song `` Huntin ' the World '' , featured in the album Mud Digger , of the eponymous artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6ce9120f0cf79de42bea4eb4f472bd6", "text": "Bucharest Non Stop Bucharest Non Stop ( București NonStop ) is a 2015 Romanian comedy film directed by the Romanian actor , director and film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d81c724cb9bf9628cce016fe7bc5531a", "text": "No Colour Bar No Colour Bar : Black British Art in Action 1960 -- 1990 is a major public art and archives exhibition , the first of its kind in the UK , held at the Guildhall Art Gallery , City of London , over a six-month period ( 10 July 2015 -- 24 January 2016 ) , with a future digital touring exhibition , and an associated programme of events . No Colour Bar took its impetus from the life work and archives of Jessica Huntley ( 23 February 1927 -- 13 October 2013 ) and Eric Huntley ( born 25 September 1929 ) , Guyanese-born campaigners , political activists and publishers , who founded the publishing company Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications and the associated Walter Rodney Bookshop . Comprising contemporary fine art combined with archive materials , the multi-media exhibition features the work of seminal Black British artists and historically significant activists , and was described by Colin Prescod ( chair of the Institute of Race Relations ) as an `` exposition of startling and radical imaginative works , addressing grand British cultural and historical matters , and touching on themes of existential and social restlessness '' . Participants in the Caribbean Artists Movement , such as Winston Branch , Aubrey Williams , Ronald Moody and Errol Lloyd , are featured together with other prominent artists , including Eddie Chambers , Sonia Boyce , Sokari Douglas Camp , Denzil Forrester and Chila Kumari Burman , with works on display across all media : painting sculpture , painting , drawing , illustration , photography and film . In conjunction with the art and archives , panels and talks led by the exhibition curators , Makeda Coaston and Katty Pearce , and featuring individual artists , writers and publishers , including Eddie Chambers , Errol Lloyd , Denzil Forrester , Fowokan , Donald Hinds , Kadija George , Dorothea Smartt , Arif Ali , Sarah White , as well as Eric Huntley himself , were programmed . Within the exhibition is a purpose-built interactive installation by Michael McMillan , in conjunction with sound and visual specialists Dubmorphology , that recreates the famed Walter Rodney Bookshop , which was formerly located in West Ealing , functioning as a cultural hub of the community until it closed at the beginning of the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cca1a7c159cf8d323c9f35426df0a51", "text": "Psycho-Pass: The Movie is a 2015 Japanese anime science fiction crime film by Production I.G and ran in over 100 theatres . It premiered in Japan on January 9 , 2015 . The plot involves the appearances of terrorists in Japan . It is directed by Naoyoshi Shiotani whereas the chief director is Katsuyuki Motohiro . Gen Urobuchi and Makoto Fukami contributed together as the film 's writers . The film has been licensed by Funimation Entertainment and had a limited theatrical release in the United States on March 15 -- 16 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69b0fc761087de67d47514e662eb6669", "text": "Wake (For Today album) Wake is the sixth and final studio album from For Today . Nuclear Blast released the album on October 2 , 2015 . The album debuted at No. 67 on the Billboard 200 , with around 7,000 copies sold the United States in its first week of release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f89ea6fca57e954924630937006274", "text": "Her Escape Her Escape '' is a post-hardcore EP by Four Letter Lie . It was independently released on May 29 , 2005 and sold over 1,500 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99f7ecf33d1df422a13a804ab531f994", "text": "No Way Out (2012) No Way Out ( 2012 ) ( also known as No Escape ( 2012 ) in Germany , since No Way Out was used as the substitute title for the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view over concerns regarding The Holocaust imagery of the title ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the WWE promotion , which took place on June 17 , 2012 at the Izod Center in East Rutherford , New Jersey . The show was the twelfth No Way Out event and the first one since 2009 . Nine matches were on the card . The event received 194,000 buys , up from last year 's Capitol Punishment pay-per-view of 170,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9698c8afc2d38e4e85cec090cfa3b971", "text": "Heart for Heaven Heart for Heaven is a 2015 Chinese comedy film directed by Zhang Cheng . It was released in China on December 31 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21a58017647917029617a7bbcb77a4b5", "text": "The Magic Whip The Magic Whip is the eighth studio album by English rock band Blur . It was recorded in Hong Kong and London , and released by Parlophone on 27 April 2015 and Warner Bros. . Records on 28 April 2015 . It is the band 's first studio album since Think Tank ( 2003 ) , marking the longest gap between two studio albums in Blur 's career . The album received acclaim from music critics . It debuted at number one the UK Albums Chart , marking Blur 's sixth UK number-one album . It has been certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) for sales of over 100,000 copies . Also , it is the first album by the band in North America under Warner Bros. , after Blur were transferred from Virgin Records in 2013 , following the purchase of EMI and its assets by the Universal Music Group in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ebcb0be6717cc4f89402263bc1136e", "text": "Noct Noct ( stylized as NOCT ) is an upcoming survival horror top-down shooter video game in development by Canada-based indie developer C3SK ( pseudonym of Chris Eskins ) and published by Devolver Digital . The game was released for Microsoft Windows , OS X and Linux , into Steam Early Access , on 21 October 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8a4abdf68fcc09f4bc27a7082a68ad4e	Each month, Wikipedia has nearly 500 million visitors.	[ { "docid": "5f4c487e94021b27a146d4fbd5ba6672", "text": "Wikipedia Wikipedia ( -LSB- wɪkiˈpiːdiə -RSB- ) is a free online encyclopedia with the aim to allow anyone to edit articles . Wikipedia is the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet and is ranked among the ten most popular websites . Wikipedia is owned by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation . Wikipedia was launched on January 15 , 2001 , by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger . Sanger coined Wikipedia , a portmanteau of wiki and encyclopedia . There was only the English language version initially , but it quickly developed similar versions in other languages , which differ in content and in editing practices . With articles , the English Wikipedia is the largest of the more than 290 Wikipedia encyclopedias . Overall , Wikipedia consists of more than 40 million articles in more than 250 different languages and , , it had 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month . As of March 2017 , Wikipedia has about forty thousand high-quality articles known as Featured Articles and Good Articles that cover vital topics . In 2005 , Nature published a peer review comparing 42 science articles from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia , and found that Wikipedia 's level of accuracy approached Encyclopædia Britannicas . Criticism of Wikipedia includes claims that it exhibits systemic bias , presents a mixture of `` truths , half truths , and some falsehoods '' , and that , in controversial topics , it is subject to manipulation and spin .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "43722251b197bf7983791f822e6227af", "text": "Sahapedia Sahapedia is an open online multimedia knowledge resource -LSB- i -RSB- on the arts , cultures and histories of India ( and broadly , South Asia ) based on both curated and crowd-sourced content . ` Saha ' ( Sanskrit for ` together with ' ) , is an invitation to explore together the richness of the cultural landscape . On the Sahapedia portal people can read articles , watch videos , listen to interviews , and browse image galleries . Users can also explore historic sites and natural spaces through virtual walks , timelines and interactive maps . -LSB- ii -RSB- It is both a resource and a platform in that registered users may log into a personal work space from where they can submit material for curation and form communities of interest . It is also an online archive that hosts a library , cultural events calendar and news . History Sahapedia was registered as a not-for-profit Society in June 2011 under the Societies Act of 1860 . S. Ramadorai ( Former Vice Chairman , Tata Consultancy Services , and Chairman , National Skills Development Agency ) is the President and mentor of Sahapedia . Sudha Gopalakrishnan ( Founder Director , 2003 -- 07 , National Mission for Manuscripts , Government of India and UNESCO-empanelled expert on intangible cultural heritage ) is the Vice President and Executive Director of Sahapedia . The organization is guided by a panel of advisors who are eminent scholars and experts . Since the inception of the project in 2010 , a qualified team of researchers and designers based in New Delhi has been working to develop Sahapedia . The team has established the conceptual , design and legal framework of the project . Sahapedia has had an active online presence for the last three years , and it has received positive feedback from users . Based on this , information architecture and development experts worked together to build Sahapedia 's unique technology platform , which was launched on April 23 , 2016 . -LSB- i -RSB- Vision Sahapedia 's goals are to inform , educate and act . It aims to foster knowledge , encourage engagement and generate action towards understanding and revitalising the diverse aspects of Indian culture . It envisions itself as an open resource which facilitates conversations between scholars and students , artists and enthusiasts , and serves as a platform for independent researchers and collectors . The encyclopedia seeks to make the best use of the digital medium 's potential for cross-referencing across domains and subjects , encouraging non-linear exploration that illuminates new connections and new ramifications . It also integrates activities and services including research , documentation , digitisation and conservation . -LSB- i -RSB- Mission The organization is working on areas like developing a digital library ( monographs , out-of-print scholarly work , old journals , unpublished reports ) ; linking with online archives of texts , recordings , translation ; curating material that makes tourism more meaningful , creating resources for education responsive to local histories and needs , developing scholarly resources ( editing online journals , teaching old scripts online ) , and making the best use of digital interactives to explain formal techniques in fields such as music , architecture , textile , etc. . The idea is to create ` a movement for engaging with culture , as the collective legacy of people , by encouraging local documentation and upload on Sahapedia . ' -LSB- i -RSB- Work The core of Sahapedia is the encyclopedia that addresses ten domains : the areas covered come under the categories of Knowledge Traditions , Visual and Material Arts , Performing Arts , Literature and Languages , Practices and Rituals , Histories , Institutions , People , and Natural Environment . The research and editorial team identify subjects for the encyclopaedia , visit libraries and consult experts to arrive at an outline for its treatment , write to scholars for articles or request them for interviews , go on field visits for documentation and compile links to online resources and suggestions for further reading . Sahapedia also works with affiliates who are experts in their field and can curate modules that cover various aspects of a particular subject . Ongoing Projects Oral history : Documents interactions with artists , scholars and practitioners . The project also records performances , events , activities , lectures , demonstrations and seminars . Library : Makes available archival material relating to history , literature , music and the performing arts under the Creative Share-alike License . Built heritage : Documents heritage sites and spaces in India with a view to covering both academic studies and experiential accounts . Maps project : Encourages people to participate in the cultural mapping of India and South Asia by marking cultural sites , forms , practices and events in their areas . Heritage education : It has partnered in the Heritage Education efforts of the Central Board of Secondary Education involving 12,900 schools , by creating an interactive web resource for children on the CBSE website . -LSB- i -RSB- Besides , the collaboratively-created encyclopedia database will be available as an offline tool for distance and rural education . Institutional collaborations : Sahapedia is in partnership with numerous national and international organisations with regard to specific projects . Collaborations have been forged with the Ministry of Culture , Rashtrapati Bhavan , Archaeological Survey of India , the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies , National School of Drama , the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the International Information Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region , UNESCO . -LSB- ii -RSB- External Links Sahapedia.org , Official website Youtube , Facebook , Twitter , Instagram", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54611054fc9cfee98e5a20b8306981fa", "text": "Eurotra Eurotra was an ambitious machine translation project established and funded by the European Commission from 1978 until 1992 . Emboldened by modest success with an older , commercially developed machine translation system SYSTRAN , a large network of European computational linguists embarked upon the Eurotra project with the hope of creating a state-of-the-art MT system for the then seven , later nine , official languages of the European Community . However , as time passed , expectations became tempered ; `` Fully Automatic High Quality Translation '' was not a reasonably attainable goal . The true character of Eurotra was eventually acknowledged to be in fact pre-competitive research rather than prototype development . The project was motivated by one of the founding principles of the EU : that all citizens had the right to read any and all proceedings of the Commission in their own language . As more countries joined , this produced a combinatorial explosion in the number of language pairs involved , and the need to translate every paper , speech and even set of meeting minutes produced by the EU into the other eight languages meant that translation rapidly became the overwhelming component in the administrative budget . To solve this problem Eurotra was devised . The project was unusual in that rather than consisting of a single research team , it had member groups distributed around the member countries , organised along language rather than national lines ( for example , groups in Leuven and Utrecht worked closely together ) , and the secretariat was based at the European Commission in Luxembourg . While this contributed significantly to the culture of the project , it also demonstrated graphically Brooks ' assertion in The Mythical Man-Month that adding personnel to a project results in it taking longer to complete ; the more the number of groups involved , the more time is spent on administration and communication rather than actual research per se . The actual design of the project was unusual as MT projects go . Older systems , such as SYSTRAN , were heavily dictionary-based , with minor support for rearranging word order . More recent systems have often worked on a probabilistic approach , based on parallel corpora . Eurotra addressed the constituent structure of the text to be translated , going through first a syntactic parse followed by a second parse to produce a dependency structure followed by a final parse with a third grammar to produce what was referred to internally as Intermediate Representation ( IR ) . Since all three modules were implemented as Prolog programs , it would then in principle be possible to put this structure backwards through the corresponding modules for another language to produce a translated text in any of the other languages . However , in practice this was not in fact how language pairs were implemented . The first `` live '' translation occupied a 4Mb Microvax running Ultrix and C-Prolog for a complete weekend some time in early 1987 . The sentence , translated from English into Danish , was `` Japan makes computers '' . The main problem faced by the system was the generation of so-called `` Parse Forests '' - often a large number of different grammar rules could be applied to any particular phrase , producing hundreds , even thousands of ( often identical ) parse trees . This used up huge quantities of computer store , slowing the whole process down unnecessarily . While Eurotra never delivered a `` working '' MT system , the project made a far-reaching long-term impact on the nascent language industries in European member states , in particular among the southern countries of Greece , Italy , Spain , and Portugal . There is at least one commercial MT system ( developed by an academic/commercial consortium in Denmark ) derived from Eurotra technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65b5b222457da99469d8fe6d17047643", "text": "Many-to-many The many-to-many communication paradigm is one of three major Internet computing paradigms , characterized by multiple users contributing and receiving information , with the information elements often interlinked across different websites . Developments such as file sharing , blogs , Wikis , and tagging are media forms that reflect this paradigm ; these contrast with both the one-to-one ( characterized by e-mail , FTP , and Telnet ) and one-to-many ( characterized by websites ) paradigms . With the evolution to the full `` many-to-many '' computing paradigm , people can input and receive information to and from the Internet ; they will be able to connect and communicate dynamically within a flexibly formed scope ; there will be no artificial boundary between information and communication tools , and the definition of `` many '' will go well beyond people to include entities such as organizations , products , processes , events , and concepts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3168e8353154f1d15bd14bbe502498", "text": "Wiki Loves Monuments Wiki Loves Monuments ( WLM ) is an annual international photographic competition held during the month of September , organised worldwide by Wikipedia community members with the help of local Wikimedia affiliates across the globe . Participants take pictures of local historical monuments and heritage sites in their region , and upload them to Wikimedia Commons . The aim of event is to highlight the heritage sites of the participating countries with the goal to encourage people to capture pictures of these monuments , and to put them under a free licence which can then be re-used not only in Wikipedia but everywhere by everyone . The first Wiki Loves Monuments competition was held in 2010 in the Netherlands as pilot project . The next year it spread to other countries in Europe and according to the Guinness Book of Records , the 2011 edition of the Wiki Loves Monuments broke the world record for the largest photography competition . In 2012 , the competition was extended beyond Europe , with a total of 35 participating countries . During Wiki Loves Monuments 2012 , more than 350,000 photographs of historic monuments were uploaded by more than 15,000 participants . In 2013 , the Wiki Loves Monuments competition was held across six continents including Antarctica and had official participation from more than fifty countries around the world . The 2016 edition of WLM was supported by UNESCO which seen 10,700 contestants from 43 countries who submitted 277,000 photos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "759f98ae11833eebe3dc3d6da8055a72", "text": "/r/science / r/science is an Internet forum on Reddit where the community of participants discuss science topics . A popular feature of the forum is `` Ask me Anything '' ( AMA ) public discussions . As of 2014 , / r/science attracted 30,000-100 ,000 visitors per day , making it the largest community-managed science forum and an attractive place to host discussions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e2dc7c70b2bca22b3203f55d834dbc", "text": "Racial bias on Wikipedia Wikipedia has been criticized for having a systemic racial bias in its coverage , due to an under-representation of people of color within its editor base . The President of Wikimedia D.C. , James Hare , noted that `` a lot of black history is left out '' of Wikipedia , due to articles predominately being written by white editors . Articles that do exist on African topics are , according to some critics , largely edited by editors from Europe and North America and thus reflect their knowledge and consumption of media , which `` tend to perpetuate a negative image '' of Africa . Maira Liriano of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture , has argued that the lack of information regarding black history on Wikipedia `` makes it seem like it 's not important . '' Different theories have been provided to explain these racial discrepancies . Jay Cassano , writing for Fast Company magazine , argued that Wikipedia 's small proportion of black editors is a result of the small black presence within the tech sector , and a relative lack of reliable access to the Internet . Katherine Maher , chief communications officer for the Wikimedia Foundation , has argued that focuses in Wikipedia 's content are representative of those of society as a whole . She said that Wikipedia could only represent that which was referenced in secondary sources , which historically have been favourable towards white men . Attempts have been made to rectify racial biases through edit-a-thons , organised events at which Wikipedia editors attempt to improve coverage of certain topics and train new editors . In February 2015 , multiple edit-a-thons were organised to commemorate Black History Month in the United States of America . One such edit-a-thon was organized by the White House to create and improve articles on African Americans in STEM . The Schomburg Center , Howard University , and National Public Radio , also coordinated edit-a-thons to improve coverage of black history . And while Wikipedia supports these edit-a-thons , the organization has always stressed that adequate citation must always be present and neutrality always maintained .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280a6097c1cdb76657468a0baeaff3af", "text": "MediaCommons MediaCommons is an in-development all-electronic scholarly publishing network in media studies , being created in partnership with the Institute for the Future of the Book and with the support of New York University and the National Endowment for the Humanities . MediaCommons established its first presence on the web in November 2006 with a now-defunct development site named `` making MediaCommons , '' and opened its current web site in March 2007 . The first project established on MediaCommons was In Media Res , an ongoing feature in which notable scholars in media studies present and comment upon brief , timely videoclips , aiming to promote dialogue between scholars and the broader public about the significance of media representations and forms . MediaCommons claims among its goals a transformation in scholarly publishing , suggesting that the network `` will not simply shift the locus of publishing from print to screen , but will actually transform what it means to ` publish , ' allowing the author , the publisher , and the reader all to make the process of such discourse just as visible as its product . '' The network promises to speed up the processes of publishing , but also to shift the focus of scholarly publishing back to communication amongst scholars . For this reason , the editors describe MediaCommons as a `` scholarly network '' rather than an electronic journal or press . MediaCommons is also an experiment in reimagining the processes of peer review in the humanities , opening up the process to public debate and discussion , and using both web-based metrics and commentary to create a process of `` peer-to-peer review . '' The backbone of this system is a social networking system currently being built by the NYU Digital Library Technology Services . MediaCommons has thus far published two commentable papers , one on the future of scholarly publishing , and the other on CommentPress , the WordPress theme developed by the Institute for the Future of the Book that allows for paragraph-by-paragraph commenting on lengthy documents . The co-coordinating editors of MediaCommons are Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Avi Santo , and the project draws on the support of an editorial board of scholars from across the digital humanities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce5f4516bd0be17be6c24d0ba9a9d519", "text": "Wiki-PR editing of Wikipedia Wiki-PR is a consulting firm that formerly marketed the ability to edit Wikipedia by '' ... directly edit -LSB- ing -RSB- your page using our network of established Wikipedia editors and admin -LSB- s -RSB- . '' It was then banned , including all of its employees , contractors , and owners , by the Wikipedia community for unethical editing . Despite the ban , the firm still markets its ability to advise clients on how to interact with the Wikipedia community . The company gained media attention in 2013 after a sockpuppet investigation related to the company resulted in more than 250 Wikipedia user accounts being blocked or banned . The Wikimedia Foundation changed its terms of use in the wake of the investigation , requiring anyone paid to edit Wikipedia to openly disclose their affiliations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f9b6bc239503af278bf27a16097049", "text": "Monmouthpedia Monmouthpedia ( styled as ) is a collaborative project linking the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia and the town of Monmouth in South Wales . The project uses QRpedia QR codes to provide multilingual smart phone access to Wikipedia articles covering notable subjects in Monmouth , such as places , people , artefacts , flora and fauna . It was formally launched on 19 May 2012 , and led to Monmouth being described as the `` world 's first Wikipedia town '' . The project was awarded the `` Excellence in Marketing '' award at the Monmouthshire Business Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1f6a25ed9b9d1a82df17ad234a5f96d", "text": "Big data Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them . Challenges include capture , storage , analysis , data curation , search , sharing , transfer , visualization , querying , updating and information privacy . The term `` big data '' often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics , user behavior analytics , or certain other advanced data analytics methods that extract value from data , and seldom to a particular size of data set . `` There is little doubt that the quantities of data now available are indeed large , but that 's not the most relevant characteristic of this new data ecosystem . '' Analysis of data sets can find new correlations to `` spot business trends , prevent diseases , combat crime and so on . '' Scientists , business executives , practitioners of medicine , advertising and governments alike regularly meet difficulties with large data-sets in areas including Internet search , fintech , urban informatics , and business informatics . Scientists encounter limitations in e-Science work , including meteorology , genomics , connectomics , complex physics simulations , biology and environmental research . Data sets grow rapidly - in part because they are increasingly gathered by cheap and numerous information-sensing Internet of things devices such as mobile devices , aerial ( remote sensing ) , software logs , cameras , microphones , radio-frequency identification ( RFID ) readers and wireless sensor networks . The world 's technological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s ; , every day 2.5 exabytes ( 2.5 × 1018 ) of data are generated . One question for large enterprises is determining who should own big-data initiatives that affect the entire organization . Relational database management systems and desktop statistics - and visualization-packages often have difficulty handling big data . The work may require `` massively parallel software running on tens , hundreds , or even thousands of servers '' . What counts as `` big data '' varies depending on the capabilities of the users and their tools , and expanding capabilities make big data a moving target . `` For some organizations , facing hundreds of gigabytes of data for the first time may trigger a need to reconsider data management options . For others , it may take tens or hundreds of terabytes before data size becomes a significant consideration . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c19e50ca27c708c26754e252489cab", "text": "DBpedia DBpedia ( from `` DB '' for `` database '' ) is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created in the Wikipedia project . This structured information is made available on the World Wide Web . DBpedia allows users to semantically query relationships and properties of Wikipedia resources , including links to other related datasets . Tim Berners-Lee described DBpedia as one of the most famous parts of the decentralized Linked Data effort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08706a14b847400b0288e9d4c9012497", "text": "Findability Findability is a term for the ease with which information contained on a website can be found , both from outside the website ( using search engines and the like ) and by users already on the website . Although findability has relevance outside the World Wide Web , the term is usually used in that context . Most relevant websites do not come up in the top results because designers and engineers do not cater to the way ranking algorithms work currently . Its importance can be determined from the first law of e-commerce , which states `` If the user ca n't find the product , the user ca n't buy the product . '' As of December 2014 , out of 10.3 billion monthly Google searches by Internet users in the United States , an estimated 78 % are made to research products and services online . Findability encompasses aspects of information architecture , user interface design , accessibility and search engine optimization ( SEO ) , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1f394a7847492d561387e37c2acc54", "text": "Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences The Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences is a specialized fifteen-volume Encyclopedia first published in 1930 and last published in 1967 . It was envisaged in the 1920s by scholars working in disciplines which increasingly were coming to be known as `` Human - '' or `` Social Sciences . '' The goal was to create a comprehensive synthesis of the study of human affairs as undertaken by practitioners of all fields involved in such study . The parameters of what would come to be known as `` Social Science '' were in many ways initially established and defined by this publication . The Encyclopaedia 's founding organizations included the American Anthropological Association , the American Association of Social Workers , the American Economic Association , the American Historical Association , the American Political Science Association , the American Psychological Association , the American Sociological Society , the American Statistical Association , the Association of American Law Schools , and the National Education Association . It was edited by American economists Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and Alvin Saunders Johnson . Seligman and Johnson solicited contributions from many of the most known and respected scholars in their fields , and established many links with European scholars in the process . The Rockefeller Foundation , Carnegie Foundation , and Russell Sage Foundation provided initial financial support , and Macmillan was selected as publisher . The international network of social scientists developed in the process of creating the Encyclopaedia would prove especially important during the Nazi occupation of Europe , during which many contributing scholars fled persecution for their ideas . Under Johnson 's invitation , several of these scholars would come to New York City and form the `` University in Exile , '' a specialized graduate school now known as the New School for Social Research . The Encyclopaedia was last printed in 1967 , then in its 16th edition . It was succeeded by the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , edited by David L. Sills , and also published by MacMillan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef44d7cbd375a5bb6c43cc7d41466a1", "text": "Horizon Project The Horizon Project is an initiative by the New Media Consortium ( NMC ) to chart emerging technologies for teaching and learning . Its objective is to help educators and thought leaders across the world build upon the innovation happening at their institutions by providing them with expert research and analysis . It was launched in 2002 by Laurence F. Johnson , CEO of NMC , and publishes several reports online detailing trends in the usage of technology in education . Since 2005 , Johnson has collaborated with Rachel S. Smith in the writing of this report . In 2006 , Alan Levine joined the production team , and Keene Haywood joined in 2010 . In 2011 , Samantha Adams succeeded Smith as the project 's lead researcher and writer . In 2011 , Horizon Report downloads surpassed the 500,000 mark and worldwide readership approached a million people . The NMC 's landmark nine-years-and-counting study of emerging technology continued with the release of the `` 2011 Horizon Report '' in January 2011 . A brand new museum edition was released in October 2010 to the museum community , along with reports for K-12 education and for Australia - New Zealand . The Horizon Project expanded to Latin America in that year , when for the first time , a Horizon research cycle was conducted completely in Spanish . The 2010 Horizon Report : Edicion Iberoamericana was released in July 2010 . Each report is put together collaboratively by an Advisory Board which consists of an international group of educational experts that are selected by-invitation-only . Reports are released with a Creative Commons license ( attribution-only ) and may be freely replicated and distributed . The Horizon Project reports have been commonly cited at various trending websites and could be used as guidelines in studying trends in the usage of technology in education . Over the past 10 years , various editions of the reports have been downloaded more than a million times . Like other research projects , the Horizon Project has its fair share of critics ( for example , the Higher Ed CIO blog thinks that it is deviating from its original objectives ) and supporters ( for example the past president of IFEES calls it a `` must read '' ) . Various editions of the Horizon Reports are frequently cited by authors of various academic journals and articles . ( According to Google Scholar , the 2010 Horizon Report has been cited more than 1000 times . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd44d0c5cc491f569280f7d0fb9dcd80", "text": "Outline of Wikipedia Wikipedia -- a free , web-based , collaborative and multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation . Its more than 20 million articles ( in English ) have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world . Almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site , and it has about 100,000 regularly active contributors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a87520651c5602de8b749df7ebd2264", "text": "Japanese Wikipedia The is the Japanese-language edition of Wikipedia , a free , open-content encyclopedia . Started on 11 May 2001 , the edition attained the 200,000 article mark in April 2006 and the 500,000 article mark in June 2008 . As of , it has over articles . In April 2016 , the project had 4,192 active editors who made at least five edits in that month , ranking fourth behind the English , Spanish and Russian editions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90d657f2b9f2d3bc45d60a94d9ca72b0", "text": "Wikivoyage Wikivoyage is a free web-based travel guide for travel destinations and travel topics written by volunteer authors . It is a sister project of Wikipedia and supported and hosted by the same non-profit Wikimedia Foundation . Wikivoyage has been called the `` Wikipedia of travel guides '' . The project was started when editors at the German and then Italian versions of Wikitravel decided in September 2006 to move their editing activities and then current content to a new site , in accordance with the site license , a procedure known as `` forking '' . The resulting site went live as `` Wikivoyage '' on December 10 , 2006 and was owned and operated by a German association set up for that purpose , Wikivoyage e.V. ( which continues to be its representative association ) . Content was published under the copyleft license Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike . In 2012 , following a lengthy history of dissatisfaction with their existing host , the English-language version community of Wikitravel also decided as a community to fork their project . In a two-way move , the English Wikitravel community re-merged with Wikivoyage under the Wikivoyage brand , and also all Wikivoyage language versions moved their operations to be hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation ( WMF ) , a non-profit organization hosting several of the world 's largest wiki-based communities such as Wikipedia . Following agreements by the various communities involved and the Wikimedia Foundation , the site was moved to the WMF servers in December 2012 and the whole of Wikivoyage was officially re-launched as a Wikimedia project on January 15 , 2013 , the day of the 12th anniversary of Wikipedia 's launch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6afcb9a25ab9ad280ecbeffad7e11305", "text": "Digital Collections Selection Criteria Digital Collections Selection Criteria are applied by organisations ( typically libraries ) creating a digital library which of their existing holdings and forthcoming acquisitions to digitize for inclusion . A strategy with defined selection priorities for digitization is critical , and should consider both preservation and access . factors to consider are : the value of materials ; the condition of materials ; use of materials ; and material characteristics ensuring a high level of success . For the Library of Congress , items of national interest were prime candidates both to improve access and reduce wear and tear on the physical copies . In the early discussions about digitization of library materials the selection decisions were often proposed based on a desire for better access to that item 's content , and not on the condition or value of the original item . In 2001 , Paula De Stefano wrote that a use-based group of criteria was promising , as it is `` fundamental to collection development and is the common thread in all selection decisions '' . In practice , however , her study showed that most digital projects focused on special collections , which are generally not the most popular items in the overall collection . The persistent risk of disappearing `` last copies '' . and the declines seen in the condition of national treasures , as exemplified by the 2005 Heritage Health Index Report on the State of America 's Collections provide the rationale for establishing priorities and balancing access with preservation needs . The transient nature of electronic information can contribute to a phenomenon called `` memory loss . '' This is a result of data extinctions as technologies become obsolete . There is also a drift away from original bibliographic contexts as time passes . A 1998 Council on Library and Information Sources white paper identified the following comprehensive considerations for selection : assessment of the intellectual and physical nature of the source materials ; the number and location of current and potential users ; the current and potential nature of use ; the format and nature of the proposed digital product and how it will be described , delivered , and archived ; how the proposed product relates to other digitization efforts ; and projections of costs in relation to benefits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5293803143d020a2d210d9735343bf7c", "text": "WordNet WordNet is a lexical database for the English language . It groups English words into sets of synonyms called synsets , provides short definitions and usage examples , and records a number of relations among these synonym sets or their members . WordNet can thus be seen as a combination of dictionary and thesaurus . While it is accessible to human users via a web browser , its primary use is in automatic text analysis and artificial intelligence applications . The database and software tools have been released under a BSD style license and are freely available for download from the WordNet website . Both the lexicographic data ( lexicographer files ) and the compiler ( called grind ) for producing the distributed database are available .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dc592292a3b926d6078589b410c0c001	Tanzania uses English.	[ { "docid": "24c9acb4a537166513a365c39ac10a61", "text": "Tanzania Tanzania -LSB- ˌtænzəˈniːə -RSB- , officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ) , is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . Tanzania 's population of 51.82 million ( 2014 ) is diverse , composed of several ethnic , linguistic , and religious groups . Tanzania is a presidential constitutional republic , and since 1996 , its official capital city has been Dodoma , where the President 's Office , the National Assembly , and some government ministries are located . Dar es Salaam , the former capital , retains most government offices and is the country 's largest city , principal port , and leading commercial centre . Tanzania is a one party dominant state with the socialist-progressive Chama Cha Mapinduzi ( CCM ) party in power . From its formation until 1992 , it was the only legally permitted party in the country . This changed on 1 July 1992 , when amendments to the Constitution and a number of laws permitting and regulating the formation and operations of more than one political party were enacted by the National Assembly . Elections for president and all National Assembly seats were last held in October 2015 . The CCM holds approximately 75 % of the seats in the assembly . Prehistoric population migrations include Southern Cushitic speakers , who are ancestral to the Iraqw , Gorowa , and Burunge and who moved south from Ethiopia into Tanzania . Based on linguistic evidence , there may also have been two movements into Tanzania of Eastern Cushitic people at about 4,000 and 2,000 years ago , originating from north of Lake Turkana . Archaeological evidence supports the conclusion that Southern Nilotes , including the Datoog , moved south from the present-day South Sudan-Ethiopia border region into central northern Tanzania between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago . These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the iron-making Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas . They brought with them the west African planting tradition and the primary staple of yams . They subsequently migrated out of these regions across the rest of Tanzania , between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago . European colonialism began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa , which gave way to British rule following World War I . The mainland was governed as Tanganyika , with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction . Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963 , the two entities merged in April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania . Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the northeast , where Mount Kilimanjaro is located . Three of Africa 's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania . To the north and west lie Lake Victoria , Africa 's largest lake , and Lake Tanganyika , the continent 's deepest lake , known for its unique species of fish . The eastern shore is hot and humid , with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore . The Kalambo water falls in the southwestern region of Rukwa are the second highest uninterrupted fall in Africa and are located near the southeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika on the border with Zambia . The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar 's largest marine protected area . Over 100 different languages are spoken in Tanzania , making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa . Among the languages spoken in Tanzania are all four of Africa 's language families : Bantu , Cushitic , Nilotic , and Khoisan . Swahili and English are Tanzania 's official languages . A highly multilingual country , Swahili is used in parliamentary debate , in the lower courts , and as a medium of instruction in primary school ; and English is used in foreign trade , in diplomacy , in higher courts , and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education , although the Tanzanian government plans to discontinue English as a language of instruction altogether . In connection with his Ujamaa social policies , President Nyerere encouraged the use of Swahili ; as a means of unifying the country 's many ethnic groups . Approximately 10 % of Tanzanians speak Swahili as a first language , and up to 90 % speak it as a second language . Most Tanzanians thus speak both Swahili and a local language ; many educated Tanzanians are trilingual ; also speaking English . The widespread use and promotion of Swahili is contributing to the decline of smaller languages in the country . Young children increasingly speak Swahili as a first language , mostly in urban areas . Tanzania-Malawi relations have been tense because of a dispute over the countries ' Lake Nyasa ( Lake Malawi ) border . An unsuccessful mediation regarding this issue happened in March 2014 . The two countries agreed in 2013 to ask the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) to resolve the dispute should mediation be unsuccessful . Malawi , but not Tanzania , has accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "29fdf9383f2645fce4ae2075e0cbb6f0", "text": "Tanzanian sign languages Seven or so Tanzanian sign languages were developed independently among deaf students in separate Tanzanian schools for the Deaf starting in 1963 , though use of several is forbidden by their schools . In 1984 , a standardized Tanzanian Sign Language was proposed by the Tanzania Association for the Deaf , using common or similar signs where these exist in the schools which allowed research , but it has not been officially implemented , and there remains little influence between the languages . A dictionary has been produced . The common Swahili name in Tanzania for these languages is Lugha ya Alama . ( The name Lugha ya Bubu is also used , but is reported by Ethnologue to be pejorative . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f2b552c2b08f5a6f1560c4a1c6af13c", "text": "Shambala language Shambala or Shambaa is a Bantu language of Tanzania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7425fc46988b60504298b74b361565", "text": "Swahili literature Swahili literature is , generally speaking , literature written in the Swahili language , particularly by Swahili people of the East African coast and the neighboring islands . It may also refer to literature written by people who write in the Swahili language . It is an offshoot of the Bantu culture . The first literary works date back to the beginning of the 18th century , when all Swahili literature was written in the Arabic script . Jan Knappert considered the translation of the Arabic poem Hamziya from the year 1652 to be the earliest Swahili written text . Starting in the 19th century , missionaries and orientalists introduced the Latin script for writing the Swahili language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef793e492309a4d59a576db45ee3c44b", "text": "Trinidadian English Trinidadian English ( TE ) or Trinidad and Tobago Standard English is a dialect of English used in Trinidad and Tobago . TE co-exists with both non-standard varieties of English as well as other dialects , namely Trinidadian Creole in Trinidad and Tobagonian Creole in Tobago . Both islands as one consider the dialect as Trinbagonian Creole . Trinidadian English was originally based on a standard of British English . Located in the Americas , TE now uses many Americanisms , including apartment and trunk ( of a car ) . It is understandable by speakers of international standard English , although it uses a number of terms that are unique to it ( perhaps coming from Trinidadian Creole ) , such as `` to lime '' , meaning `` to hang out '' . Speech in Trinidad ( and , to some degree , in Tobago ) may vary by location and circumstance and is often remarked for its `` sing-song '' ( i.e. a rising and falling inflection ) intonation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09623568db758c706898a2bf30334789", "text": "Sotho orthography The orthography of the Sotho language is fairly recent and is based on the Latin alphabet , but , like most languages written using the Latin alphabet , it does not use all the letters ; as well , several digraphs and trigraphs are used to represent single sounds . The orthographies used in Lesotho and South Africa differ , with the Lesotho variant using diacritics . As with almost all other Bantu languages , although the language is a tonal language , tone is never indicated . For an overview of the symbols used and the sounds they represent , see the phoneme tables at Sotho phonology . Note that often when a section discusses formatives , affixes , or vowels it may be necessary to view the IPA to see the proper conjunctive word division and vowel qualities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6faf21cf7dfb6678b31caf4c9c722cc0", "text": "White settlement in Zimbabwe before 1923 White people first came to the region in southern Africa today called Zimbabwe in the 16th century , when Portuguese colonials ventured inland from Mozambique and attacked the Kingdom of Mutapa , which then controlled an area roughly equivalent to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique . Portuguese influence over Mutapa endured for about two centuries before fading away during the 1690s and early 1700s ( decade ) . During the 1880s and 1890s , the British South Africa Company initiated colonisation by whites , backed by a royal charter from Britain 's Queen Victoria : company rule over the country began in 1890 , when the Pioneer Column marched to Mashonaland , founded Fort Salisbury and settled in the area . The company domain was named `` Rhodesia '' after its founder , Cecil Rhodes , in 1895 ; the portion south of the Zambezi became officially called Southern Rhodesia in 1898 . Concurrently with the expiry of the company 's charter in 1923 , Southern Rhodesia was granted responsible government by Britain , and became a self-governing colony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d430d382ff3ba4d2413da010479cbff", "text": "Languages of Nigeria There are over 521 languages that have been spoken in Nigeria ( at least 9 of them are now extinct ) . The official language of Nigeria , English , the former colonial language , was chosen to facilitate the cultural and linguistic unity of the country . Communication in the English language is much more popular in the country 's urban communities than it is in the rural areas ( comprising about three quarters of the country 's population ) . The other major languages are Hausa , Igbo , Yoruba , Urhobo , Ibibio , Edo , Fulfulde , and Kanuri . Nigeria 's linguistic diversity is a microcosm of Africa as a whole , encompassing three major African languages families : Afroasiatic , Nilo-Saharan , and Niger -- Congo . Nigeria also has several as-yet unclassified languages , such as Cen Tuum , which may represent a relic of an even greater diversity prior to the spread of the current language families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9529739778594bf959d82996ecc4282", "text": "American and British English spelling differences Many of the differences between American and British English date back to a time when spelling standards had not yet developed . For instance , some spellings seen as `` American '' today were once commonly used in Britain and some spellings seen as `` British '' were once commonly used in the United States . A `` British standard '' began to emerge following the 1755 publication of Samuel Johnson 's A Dictionary of the English Language , and an `` American standard '' started following the work of Noah Webster and in particular his An American Dictionary of the English Language , first published in 1828 . Webster 's efforts at spelling reform were somewhat effective in his native country , resulting in certain well-known patterns of spelling differences between the American and British varieties of English . But English-language spelling reform has rarely been adopted otherwise , and thus modern English orthography varies somewhat between countries and is far from phonemic in any country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9526d966326a044ae9da4dce9582570d", "text": "Kwavi dialect Kwavi is the dialect of Maasai spoken by the Kwavi people ( a.k.a. Parakuyo or Baraguyu ) of Tanzania . According to Hurskainen ( 1994 ) , `` The Parakuyo ( earlier also called Ilparakuyo , Baraguyu , Kwavi , Lumbwa , and Iloikop ) are a Maa-speaking ethnic group scattered over a large area in the northeastern and central parts of Tanzania '' , while Beidelman ( 1960 ) confirms that `` Kwavi '' and `` Baraguyu '' are synonymous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11292f9c451963f269985d93c10db321", "text": "South Asian English South Asian English is the English of South Asia . English was introduced to South Asia in the early 17th century and reinforced by the long rule of the British Empire . Today it is spoken as a second language by about 33 million people , 3 % of the total population . Although it is fairly homogeneous across the region , sharing `` linguistic features and tendencies at virtually all linguistic levels '' , there are also differences based on various factors . South Asian English is sometimes called `` Indian English '' , as British India included most of the region , but today , the varieties of English are usually divided according to the modern states : Bangladeshi English Indian English Nepali English Pakistani English Sri Lankan English", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76de87341fbd330d80cd15f537362b67", "text": "Bembe language (Kibembe) Bembe ( Kibeembe ) is a Bantu language of Congo-Brazzaville . It is closely related to Kikongo . Pangwa ( not the Pangwa of Tanzania ) may be a dialect . Maho ( 2009 ) considers Beembe , Kamba-Doondo , and Hangala ( Ghaangala ) to be distinct languages . It should not be confused with the Bembe language ( Ibembe ) spoken in Congo-Kinshasa and Tanzania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b91d15587364c4b3b0f5dd91bee98b", "text": "Hadza people The Hadza , or Hadzabe , are an indigenous ethnic group in north-central Tanzania , living around Lake Eyasi in the central Rift Valley and in the neighboring Serengeti Plateau . The Hadza number just under 1,000 . Some 300 -- 400 Hadza live as part-time hunter-gatherers , although the increasing impact of tourism and encroaching pastoralists pose serious threats to the continuation of their traditional way of life . The Hadza are not closely genetically related to any other people . While traditionally classified with the Khoisan languages , primarily because it has clicks , the Hadza language appears to be an isolate , unrelated to any other . As descendants of Tanzania 's aboriginal hunter-gatherer population , they have probably occupied their current territory for thousands of years , with relatively little modification to their basic way of life until the past hundred years . Since the 18th century , the Hadza came into increasing contact with farming and herding people entering Hadzaland and its vicinity ; the interactions were often hostile and caused population decline in the late 19th century . The first European contact and written accounts of the Hadza are from the late 19th century . Since then , there have been many attempts by successive colonial administrations , the independent Tanzanian government , and foreign missionaries to settle the Hadza , by introducing farming and Christianity . These have largely failed , and many Hadza still pursue virtually the same way of life as their ancestors are described as having in early 20th-century accounts . In recent years , they have been under pressure from neighbouring groups encroaching on their land , and also affected by tourism and safari hunting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59338946bc931c24206138fd4544cfd", "text": "English-language radio English-language radio refers to radio stations that broadcast primarily in the English language and are located in countries where English is not an official language or majority language . Often referred to as `` English-speaking radio '' or `` Expat radio '' the broadcasts enables expats , vacationers and travelers to listen to radio in their native language while traveling abroad . The idea is that stations broadcast in English to popular holiday destinations such as Pattaya or the French Riviera or places with high expat communities . English language broadcasting also takes the form of military-backed radio such as the American Forces Network . However English-language radio based in foreign countries has to now compete with the introduction of internet radio and satellite technology that has increased listener 's access to English-language radio based in `` home '' counties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb656fe1727bcc499fb4a2ed84d4cfc9", "text": "Banyamulenge Banyamulenge , sometimes called `` Tutsi Congolese '' , is a term historically referring to the ethnic Tutsi concentrated on the High Plateau of South Kivu , in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo , close to the Burundi-Congo-Rwanda border . The Banyamulenge form a minority of the South Kivu population . Rival ethnic groups in the late 1990s claimed the Banyamulenge numbered no more than 35,000 , while the Banyamulenge sympathizers claim up to ten times that number . The population of Banyamulenge in the early 21st century is estimated at between 50,000 and 70,000 by René Lemarchand or by Gérard Prunier at around 60,000 -- 80,000 , a figure about 3 -- 4 percent of the total provincial population . Lemarchand notes that the group represents `` a rather unique case of ethnogenesis . '' The Banyamulenge of South Kivu are culturally and socially distinct from the Tutsis of North Kivu and the Tutsis who fled to South Kivu in the 1959 -- 1962 Rwandan revolution . Most Banyamulenge speak Kinyarwanda , and those that do speak it with a dialect different from other Tutsi groups . The ambiguous political and social position of the Banyamulenge has been a point of contention in the province , leading to the Banyamulenge playing a key role in the run-up to the First Congo War in 1996 -- 7 and Second Congo War of 1998 -- 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb0a54b67b8dfb59d6c2f8c358ad612", "text": "Sumbawanga Sumbawanga is a city located in western Tanzania . It is the capital of Rukwa Region . The regional population is approximately 150,000 based on a 2002 census . Sumbawanga lies in the territory of the Wafipa Fipa tribe and so many people speak Kifipa , as well as Kiswahili , the most widely used language of Tanzania . The name of the town literally translates as `` throw away your witchcraft '' , thought to be a warning from local spiritual `` healers '' to any bringing in superstitions and practices relating to spiritual healers from other areas ; there are still some healers who practice both in town and in the surrounding smaller villages on the plateau . The town has the largest hospital in the region , Rukwa General Hospital , which is government funded , as well as the smaller Dr. Atiman Hospital administrated and run by the Catholic Diocese of Sumbawanga . The town acts as a supply and commercial center for the Rukwa Region and some governmental agencies are to be found there , notably the transport department for the region . Sumbawanga has both Libori and Moravian conference centres . A modest-size market is in the town centre where local produce may be found . This includes maize , rice , fruit , poultry and fish ( from Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa ) . Many imported plastic goods and electronics are available as well as bicycles and spares . Although there are several fuel outlets , supply can be quite erratic because of the difficulties of transport from the coast . The local economy is largely dependent on agriculture and small locally owned businesses . There is very limited industry or production in the town . Significant improvement could be expected if the road to Mbeya was sealed to enable reliable all-weather access year round . This road , and its continuation north to Mpanda and Tabora or Kigoma , can become impassable at the height of the wet season ( Feb-Mar ) . The Tanzanian government does have contracts in place for upgrading large sections of these roads . The town can be reached by flights operated by Auric Air or by bus from Mbeya which lies to the south with train links to the town of Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia , to Dar es Salaam . Rail is also available through Tabora from Mpanda in the north . Mpanda also has an airport with a 2km sealed runway . Sumbawanga has many schools and colleges , including Chem Chem Secondary School , Sumbawanga Secondary School , St. Aggrey Chanji High School , Mazwi Secondary School , St. Aggrey Teaching College , Musoma Utalii College , and Chem Chem Teaching College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c153a39eb4576b557133768a65200ba", "text": "Arusha Arusha is a city in northern Tanzania and the capital of the Arusha Region , with a population of 416,442 plus 323,198 in the surrounding Arusha District ( 2012 census ) . Located below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley , Arusha has a temperate climate . The city is close to the Serengeti National Park , the Ngorongoro Conservation Area , Lake Manyara National Park , Olduvai Gorge , Tarangire National Park , Mount Kilimanjaro , and Arusha National Park on Mount Meru . Arusha is a major international diplomatic hub . The city hosts the East African Community . From 1994 to 2015 , the city also hosted the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , but that entity has ceased operations . It is a multicultural city with a majority Tanzanian population of mixed backgrounds : indigenous African , Arab-Tanzanian and Indian-Tanzanian population , plus a small White European and a white American minority population . Religions of the Arushan population include Christianity , Islam , and Hinduism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9be0333b4134d7af80ae08c327e88417", "text": "Nande language Nande , also known as ( Oru ) Ndandi and Yira , is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The Nande of Congo and the Konjo people of Uganda are a single ethnic group , which they call Yira ( Bayira ) . They trace their origins to the Ruwenzori Mountains between the two countries . The languages are close enough to be considered divergent dialects . Nande has a number of dialects of its own : Nande proper , Kumbule , Mate , Tangi , Sanza , Shu , Songola ( Songoora , Nyangala ) , Swaga / Kira ( in Nande , all of these are prefixed with eki - ) . For the varieties of this language known as Shu we are given the information that another language , `` EkiShukaali '' was formerly spoken by the women , the AvaShukaali . This may be a specific reference to some kind of `` secret jargon '' into which the girls , and not boys , were initiated . Some of the Nande of Congo have a patron -- vassal relationship with the Efé Pygmies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69e351ecc8706b4208e191657b4cd63d", "text": "Kagulu language Kaguru ( Kagulu ) is a Bantu language of the Morogoro and Dodoma regions of Tanzania . It is closely related to Gogo and Zaramo , but is not intelligible with other languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47016361bf9c56d6c75c732d4d3277cd", "text": "Segeju people The Segeju are an ethnic and linguistic group from Mkinga District , Tanga Region , Tanzania , between the city of Tanga and the Kenyan border . The people are historically related to the Dhaiso . In 2003 the Segeju population was estimated to number fewer than 15,000 , with fewer than 7,000 speaking the ( ki ) Segeju language . . The Segeju have kinship relations with the Digo people , who are part of the nine tribes of the Mijikenda . The Segeju live in two areas namely the coastal and the highlands of the Usambaras . Those that live in the Usambara call their language Dahisu and call themselves Segeju . Category : Ethnic groups in Tanzania Category : Indigenous peoples of East Africa", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee55c354356ede8cba03bd4e9f9be59", "text": "List of endangered languages in Africa An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use , generally because it has few surviving speakers . If it loses all of its native speakers , it becomes an extinct language . UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between `` safe '' ( not endangered ) and `` extinct '' : Vulnerable Definitely endangered Severely endangered Critically endangered Africa is the world 's second-largest and second most-populous continent . At about 30.2 million km ² ( 11.7 million sq mi ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of the Earth 's total surface area and 20.4 % of the total land area . With about 922 million people ( as of 2005 ) in 61 territories , it accounts for about 14.2 % of the world 's human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . There are 53 countries , including Madagascar and all the island groups .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1c135351e60f48cdfd80694e5a4f482d	Michael C. Hall won a Golden Globe Award.	[ { "docid": "94b695c8475fa0c924b2508ea2dc99da", "text": "Michael C. Hall Michael Carlyle Hall ( born February 1 , 1971 ) is an American actor , known for his role as Dexter Morgan , a serial killer and blood spatter analyst , in the Showtime TV Network series Dexter , and as David Fisher in the HBO drama series Six Feet Under . In 2010 , Hall won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his role in Dexter .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "725c46586672c78dac93e97326fd83a4", "text": "AUDELCO AUDELCO , the Audience Development Committee , Inc. , was established in 1973 by the late Vivian Robinson to honor excellence in New York City African American Theatre through presentation of Vivan Robinson/AUDELCO Recognition Awards ( a.k.a. Viv awards ) . The awards were created to promote `` recognition , understanding and awareness of the arts in the African-American community '' . The AUDELCO Viv awards recognize the following , whether Broadway or off-Broadway : Productions by Black companies Shows written or directed by Blacks Black actors in shows AUDELCO has an office in Central Harlem , New York City The President is Grace Jones and the board of directors consistsof : A.Curtis Farrow ; Ralph Carter , Toni Peterson , Jacqueline Feffries ; Linda Armstrong ; Honorable Donna M. Mills ; Fred R.Powell ; Mary Seymour ; Dale Richardo Shields ; Terrence Spivey ; Ronald Stone Esq and Mary B. Davis Chair Emeritus . The organization has thousands of members , a newsletter , and a black theater collection of books , photos , slides and scripts as well as an extensive clipping file on black theater companies and productions . The AUDELCO awards are limited to productions mounted by professional , not-for-profit theater organizations which have been in existence for at least two years and have had a minimum of 500 hours of rehearsal , performance , or training . Additionally , productions have to have been performed over 12 times between September 1 of one year and August 31 of the next . Workshop productions and works-in-progress are not eligible . The AUDELCO Viv awards allow celebrities and everyday people to get to share their love of theater and their appreciation for the incredible performances , scripts , direction , costumes and sets that have been presented during the last theater season . Michael O'Hare was the first white actor to win this award presented by the black theater community of New York for his performance in the play `` Shades of Brown '' which examined the effects of apartheid in South Africa . ( Former AUDELOC awardees included , Kerry Washington ( AUDELCO 's first Rising star ) ; Samuel L. Jackson ; Phylicia Rashad ; Debbie Allen ; Denzel Washington , Barbara Montgomery , Sanaa Lathan and others ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bc986913ca5aa509f5f13598d9beecd", "text": "Conrad Hall Conrad Lafcadio Hall , ASC ( June 21 , 1926 -- January 6 , 2003 ) was an American cinematographer from Papeete , Tahiti , French Polynesia . Named after writers Joseph Conrad and Lafcadio Hearn , he was best known for photographing films such as In Cold Blood , Cool Hand Luke , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , American Beauty , and Road to Perdition . For his work he garnered a number of awards , including three Academy Awards and BAFTA Awards . In 2003 , Hall was judged to be one of history 's ten most influential cinematographers in a survey of the members of the International Cinematographers Guild . He has been given a star in Hollywood Boulevard 's Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28327a2f8197bf45442870ff3c883313", "text": "James W. Hall James W. Hall ( born 1947 ) is an American author and professor from Florida . He has written eighteen novels , four books of poetry , a collection of short stories , and a collection of essays . His novels include Under Cover of Daylight , Hard Aground , Gone Wild , Buzz Cut , Red Sky at Night , Rough Draft , Off the Chart and Silencer . His writing includes the collection of personal essays Hot Damn , written for the Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel 's Sunshine Magazine , Washington Post and Miami Herald . His book Hit Lit is about common features of the twelve most commercially successful novels of the last hundred years . His two short story collections are Paper Products and Over Exposure . Over Exposure includes the short story `` The Carch '' , winner of an Edgar Award . He also won a John D. MacDonald Award for Excellence in Florida Fiction , presented by the JDM Bibliophile . Hall was born in Hopkinsville , Kentucky in 1947 . He has a master 's degree in creative writing from Johns Hopkins University and a doctorate in literature from the University of Utah . He was a Fulbright professor of literature in Spain . Hall began his career as a poet . He taught at Florida International University in Miami for 40 years and founded the school 's creative writing program in the early 1970s . His wife 's name is Evelyn and they have three dogs . They live in South Florida and western North Carolina ( in the mountains ) . Several of Hall 's novels center on a loner named Thorn who ties bonefish flies and partners with his private-eye friend Sugarman . They thwart a range of villains . Hall 's fiction often uses Florida settings as a backdrop , including setting such as the Everglades and Key West . Hall 's writing explores the contrast in South Florida between squalor and poverty coexisting with tremendous wealth and glamor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4ed3a7866539db05d43a63dab0060c1", "text": "Jordan Hall Jordan Hall is a 1,019-seat concert hall in Boston , Massachusetts , the principal performance space of the New England Conservatory . It is one block from Boston 's Symphony Hall , and together they are considered two of America 's most acoustically perfect performance spaces . It is the only conservatory building in the United States to be designated a National Historic Landmark . The hall opened in 1903 , as a gift of Eben D. Jordan II , a Conservatory trustee and a Jordan of the Jordan Marsh retail store . Its architect was Edmund M. Wheelwright of Boston 's Wheelwright & Haven , who later designed nearby Horticultural Hall . The hall 's unusual square floor plan reflects its underlying plot of land but despite its shape , the hall has excellent acoustics , and all seats on both the main floor and horseshoe-shaped balcony have unobstructed views of the stage . The hall 's prominent organ is modeled upon one found in a church within the former hospital complex of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena , now a museum . The dedication concert of Jordan Hall , performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra , took place on October 20 , 1903 , and created quite a stir . Effusive newspaper accounts deemed the hall `` unequaled the world over , '' and the Boston Globe reported that it was `` a place of entertainment that European musicians who were present that evening say excels in beauty anything of the kind they ever saw . '' Even a decade later , it describes itself as an `` imposing Conservatory Building '' . Jordan Hall has won numerous awards since its restoration in 1995 , including the 1996 Massachusetts Historical Commission Preservation Award , the Victorian Society in America 's Preservation Commendation , the 1996 Boston Preservation Alliance Award , the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Award of Merit , and the Illuminating Engineering Society 1996 Lumen Award . The Conservatory 's main building , which includes Jordan Hall , was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994 ; in both cases the name used is New England Conservatory of Music . Innumerable performances have taken place in Jordan Hall , including some 650 student performances a year as well as appearances by virtually every important classical musician of the past century . That list includes performers Nadia Boulanger , Pablo Casals , the Martha Graham Dance Company , James Galway , pianists Cyril Scott , Ferruccio Busoni , Angela Hewitt , Radu Lupu , Rudolf Serkin , Richard Goode , Krystian Zimerman , Garrick Ohlsson , Yundi Li , clarinetist Richard Stoltzman and violinist Isaac Stern ; vocalists Marian Anderson , Peter Pears , Dawn Upshaw , Ben Heppner , David Daniels , and Lorraine Hunt Lieberson ; guitarists Andrés Segovia , Christopher Parkening , Julian Bream , and Sérgio and Odair Assad ; conductors Arthur Fiedler and Kurt Masur ; composers Béla Bartók , Benjamin Britten , John Cage , Olivier Messiaen , and Aaron Copland ; jazz legends Stan Getz and Benny Goodman ; The Yale Whiffenpoofs ; and the Budapest , Juilliard , Guarneri and Tokyo string quartets . Jordan Hall is home to From the Top , a National Public Radio classical music show hosted by New England Conservatory alumnus Christopher O'Riley . In addition , the Boston Modern Orchestra Project , New England String Ensemble , Festival Youth Orchestra , the Boston Civic Symphony , and the Boston Philharmonic play many of their concerts at Jordan Hall . In 1973 , The New England Ragtime Ensemble , then a student group called The New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble , recorded their Grammy Award-winning album `` The Red Back Book '' on the Jordan Hall stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a506a2d345752f5234191f1387b26ff", "text": "Robert M. Hall Robert M. `` Bob '' Hall ( September 27 , 1909 -- December 21 , 1998 ) was an American media executive , founder of Publishers-Hall Syndicate and later Hall Communications . Born and raised in Providence , Rhode Island , Hall graduated from Brown University in 1934 and from Columbia School of Journalism in 1936 . After working as a salesman for United Features Syndicate , he formed the Post Syndicate with the New York Post in 1944 , soon renamed Post-Hall Syndicate . In 1955 he bought out the Post and renamed it Hall Syndicate . In 1964 , Hall bought his first radio station in Connecticut , and in 1967 he sold Hall Syndicate to Field Enterprises of Chicago . In the ensuing years he formed Hall Communications and purchased numerous radio stations throughout the eastern United States . He resigned as President in 1991 and Chair in 1998 , turning the company over to his daughter Bonnie Hall Rowbotham and her husband Art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3345f50e1c4e955a5d53dd6f8ffdd2", "text": "List of concert halls A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage which serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats . While early halls built in the 18th and 19th century were designed for classical orchestra , concerto and opera concerts and ballet performances , halls built in the 20th and 21st century were often built to accommodate a wider range of performance types , including musicals . In the 2010s , popular music such as rock music and traditional music such as folk music are also performed in these venues . Many concert halls exist as one of several halls or performance spaces within a larger performing arts center . In many towns , the concert hall is combined with a convention center . Concert halls typically also contain orchestral rehearsal rooms . Many larger cities have both public and private concert halls . Particularly in smaller cities with fewer alternative venues , concert halls may also be used to accommodate other activities , from theatrical performances to academic presentations and university graduation ceremonies . This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia , dramatic theatres or convention centres which may occasionally be used for concerts . The list is organised alphabetically by geo-political region or continent and then by country within each region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c52d51109c9c5bdf380ddb395113505", "text": "29th Golden Globe Awards The 29th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 1971 films , were held on February 6 , 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753421b259238d5bf8feeb07105d96b9", "text": "Hall of Fame (song) `` Hall of Fame '' is a song by Irish pop rock band The Script . It is the lead single from their third studio album # 3 . The track features hip-hop artist will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas . The track was given its first radio play on Capital on 23 July 2012 . Written and co-produced by the band , the song is about following dreams and making an impact on the world . The song has been licensed for use in various media since its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e83fa88cab067a683d5a8f5c3b7e0a6", "text": "25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1967 , were held on 12 February 1968 . 25th Golden Globe Awards February 12 , 1968 Film - Drama : In The Heat of the Night Film - Musical or Comedy : The Graduate TV Show : Mission : Impossible", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64209cd12f93d721eb7414a20a784073", "text": "60th Golden Globe Awards 60thGolden Globe Awards January 19 , 2003 Picture -- Drama : The Hours Picture -- Comedy or Musical : Chicago TV Series -- Drama : The Shield TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Curb Your Enthusiasm The 60th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 2002 , were held on January 19 , 2003 in the Beverly Hilton Hotel , Beverly Hills , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fd364136cc43319c427dd5db6893544", "text": "64th Golden Globe Awards 64thGolden Globe Awards January 15 , 2007 Picture -- Drama : Babel Picture -- Musical or Comedy : Dreamgirls TV Series -- Drama : Grey 's Anatomy TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Ugly Betty The 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards were aired on January 15 , 2007 . Some key dates announced by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association are : The ceremony was broadcast live on NBC . Indicating the impact that animated films have had on the film industry , the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced in early 2006 that a Golden Globe would be awarded for the Best Animated Feature for the first time at this award ceremony . Dreamgirls won the most awards , with 3 ( including Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy ) . Babel , received the most nominations , with 7 ( only winning 1 , for Best Motion Picture -- Drama ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" } ]	fever
b97857d3c40bd37cf423942cd085f1ae	Paul Newman has won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing.	[ { "docid": "29b53ca5ba964987900a5a617b26e705", "text": "Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman ( January 26 , 1925 -- September 26 , 2008 ) was an American actor , IndyCar driver , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He won and was nominated for numerous awards , winning an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 film The Color of Money , a BAFTA Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a Cannes Film Festival Award , an Emmy Award , and many others . Newman 's other films include The Hustler ( 1961 ) , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 ) as Butch Cassidy , The Sting ( 1973 ) , and The Verdict ( 1982 ) . However , he is perhaps best remembered for his role as the title character in Cool Hand Luke ( 1967 ) . Despite being colorblind , Newman won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing , and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing . He was a co-founder of Newman 's Own , a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity . As of January 2017 , these donations have totaled over US$ 485 million . He was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network , a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need . In 1988 , Newman founded the SeriousFun Children 's Network , a global family of summer camps and programs for children with serious illness which has served 290,076 children since its inception .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "81f6cb2e188af37f51c4ad789ae88aac", "text": "A. J. Watson A. J. Watson ( May 8 , 1924 -- May 12 , 2014 ) was a car builder and chief mechanic from 1949 through 1984 in the Indianapolis 500 , winning the race six times as a car builder . Rodger Ward won 18 races driving Watson cars . A native of southern California , Watson came to Indianapolis in 1948 but missed the race . He returned the following year with a home-built car that failed to qualify . For the next 11 years , his cars not only qualified but were leaders in many years . From 1955 to 1958 he was associated with the John Zink team , and from 1959 on with Bob Wilke . His first win as a car builder came in 1956 when Pat Flaherty drove the John Zink entry to victory in that year 's Indy 500 . Watson had won the previous year as a crew chief for Bob Sweikert . Watson 's cars dominated the race through 1964 . Although he continued entering cars for another two decades , he was never able to regain the commanding position of his heyday . In 1964 , with many teams following Lotus 's example and moving to rear-engined `` funny cars '' , Watson built a pair of cars based on Rolla Vollstedt 's successful car . These worked reasonably well but could not reproduce the success he had with his front-engined `` roadsters '' . He built monocoque rear-engined cars in 1966 and 1967 with ever-decreasing success . From 1969 until 1977 , Watson ran Eagles and then built a small series of highly derivative new `` Watson '' cars in 1977 , 1978 and again in 1982 based on Lightning and March designs before retiring . He is frequently listed on the Indy 500 entry sheet as the `` race strategist '' for PDM Racing , though his role with the team is largely honorary . He died on May 12 , 2014 at the age of 90 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15f2f6ee80902fcde4dcb41ce1221998", "text": "2007 Indianapolis 500 The 91st Indianapolis 500 was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway , Indiana on Sunday May 27 , 2007 . It was the twelfth Indy 500 sanctioned by the Indy Racing League , and marked the fifth race of the 2007 IndyCar Series season . Hélio Castroneves started the race on the pole position . The race began at 1:11 p.m. EDT , and was televised in the United States on the ABC . The race was broadcast in high-definition for the first time . The race also was carried live on the IMS Radio Network and XM Satellite Radio . On lap 113 , the race underwent a lengthy rain delay , with Tony Kanaan tentatively sitting as the leader . After three hours , the rain ceased , the track was dried , and the race restarted shortly before 6:15 p.m. EDT . A crash on lap 162 between Dan Wheldon and Marco Andretti brought out the yellow flag with Dario Franchitti leading . Under the caution , rain began falling again and officials halted the race on lap 166 . Dario Franchitti was declared the winner after leading 34 laps during the race . For the first time , all entries utilized a 100 % percent fuel-grade Ethanol blend , after 42 years of utilizing methanol . The fuel was actually a denatured 98 % ethanol / 2 % gasoline blend ( E98 ) . The 2007 race was also the final 500 to see the Panoz chassis in the race", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89b7dee42730093f154f09912e37785d", "text": "Joey Saldana Joey Saldana ( born March 14 , 1972 ) , known as the `` Brownsburg Bullet '' , is an American sprint car racing driver . He is the son of former sprint car and Indy car driver Joe Saldana . Saldana began racing at the local Indiana tracks close to his home in the early 1990s . He then moved up to the All Star Circuit of Champions , where he won 18 races in 1995 . He ran occasionally with the World of Outlaws winning his first race with the series in 1995 and then began touring full-time with the series in 1996 . He finished third in points in 2003 and 2006 and second in 2007 . He won 20 races ( one of only four racers to do so in a season ) in 2009 on his way to third in points for Kasey Kahne 's race team . He finished fourth in points in 2010 with 13 wins driving for the same team . He was contending for the 2011 title when he broke his arm , ribs and punctured a lung at the King 's Royal race in July which caused him to be out for nine weeks . He parted ways with Kasey Kahne Racing at the end of the 2012 season and teamed up with Dan and Ruth Motter of the famed yellow Motter Motorsports Sprint Car Team from 2013 - 2015 . The Motter family due to lack of sponsorship scaled back their racing schedule leaving Joey looking for a ride the following year . Joey took the checkered flag for 11 WoO races and 1 All Star race , and a series best 48 Top - Qualifier awards in his three years in the seat of the Motter Motorsports entry from 2013 - 2015 . Joey moved back to a previous seat ( 1996 , 2001 ) for the 2016 season in the Roth Motorsports # 83 team owned by Dennis and Teresa Roth . Even with numerous crew changes , Joey was able to pilot the famed maroon colored Roth # 83 to 5 WoO wins and 62 Top 10 finishes . For 2017 Joey has joined forces with Stenhouse Jr/Wood Racing . This team is made up of Matt Wood Racing and Ricky Stenhouse Jr. . https://www.facebook.com/SJWRacing/ Joey has finished second in the Knoxville Nationals three times . Joey has won prestigious events such as the Devil 's Bowl Speedway Winter and Summer Nationals , Silver Dollar Speedway 's Gold Cup , Eldora Speedway 's 4 Crown Sprint Nationals , and I-55 Speedway 's inaugural Iron Man 55 which is the longest race on the season . His father Joe Saldana won the esteemed Knoxville Nationals race in 1970 . Joey has distinguished himself as one of the greatest sprint car drivers of his generation . During the mid-late 1990 's , Saldana also raced in Australia in the World Series Sprintcars , racing for popular South Australian based former driver Bill Barrows . Racing the Barrows owned OTR ( for Oval Track Racing , an Australian designed and built chassis ) , Joey finished second in the 1995/96 World Series Sprintcars behind multiple Australian Sprintcar Champion Brooke Tatnell . He is married to Shannon , and has two sons : Reece & Ragan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67a80c5665e9c69ab316c1986667c7a6", "text": "Kohler Grand Prix The Kohler Grand Prix is an IndyCar Series race held at Road America in Elkhart Lake , Wisconsin . For twenty-five years , the event was part of the CART series , with the first race being held in 1982 . The event was put on hiatus in 2008 after the unification of Champ Car into the Indy Racing League . On August 8 , 2015 , it was announced that the race would return as part of the 2016 IndyCar Series season on June 23 -- 26 , 2016 . Will Power won the race with Tony Kanaan and Graham Rahal coming in second and third respectively . The race weekend included all three series under the Mazda Road to Indy and the Pirelli World Challenge ( GT/GT-A/GT Cup & GTS ) as support races . Since its original inception in 1982 , Road America has been widely regarded by competitors , fans , and media , as one of the best , most challenging , and popular venues on the circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1466f6bf7bb733ab28b40b5d9e3aaa3f", "text": "Chip Ganassi Floyd `` Chip '' Ganassi Jr. ( born May 24 , 1958 ) is a former American racing driver , current team owner and member of the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America . He has been involved with the North American auto racing scene for over 30 years and is considered one of the most successful as well as innovative owners ever . He is the only team owner in history to have won the Indianapolis 500 , the Daytona 500 , the Brickyard 400 , the Rolex 24 at Daytona , the 12 Hours of Sebring and most recently the 24 Hours of Le Mans - six of the seven biggest races in the world . He is currently the owner and CEO of Chip Ganassi Racing which operates teams in the IndyCar Series , NASCAR Sprint Cup Series , and Tudor United SportsCar Championship , World Endurance Championship and in Global Rally Cross . Overall , he runs 14 cars with 18 drivers across six different touring Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d30f0f2809197d52c8a2dbc73f55477", "text": "Walt Stannard Walt Stannard was the first pitlane commentator for live ESPN telecasts of Formula 1 races , in 1987 . He began his career in professional auto racing in 1976 as the Public Relations Director of Laguna Seca Raceway in Monterey , California . and retired from racing in 1998 . During the intervening years , he was the executive director of the West Zakspeed Formula 1 Team ; he managed the Z1 Corvette team entry in the 1995 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race for Doug Rippie Motorsports ; he managed , as an executive of Campbell & Co. , Ford Motorsport PR activities for NHRA , IMSA and NASCAR teams as well as for drivers such Dale Earnhardt , Bill Elliott , Tom Gloy , Klaus Ludwig and Bobby Rahal ; and he worked as a journalist writing for magazines and newspapers including Competition Press & Autoweek , On Track , Race Car Engineering and The Wheel . He got his start in racing at Sports Car Club of America amateur events and won an SCCA championship driving a Morris Mini Cooper S in 1969 and was a championship runner-up with a Porsche 911 in 1975 . He graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a degree in History . He has lived in England and Germany , where he was involved in the start-up of NFL Europe , as well as in California and Michigan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebafdaf74c7bff63645d060f57ea0f50", "text": "IZOD IndyCar World Championships The IZOD IndyCar World Championship Presented by Honda was an IndyCar Series race on the 1.5 mi Las Vegas Motor Speedway , held from 1996 -- 2000 , and again in 2011 . It was first known as the Las Vegas 500k . The Champ Car World Series held a race at the track during the 2004 and 2005 seasons as doubleheaders with the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and a street race was held in Las Vegas at the Fremont Street Experience in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f60800d313e0d8cb751207c68a350ae", "text": "Dirt track racing in the United States Dirt track racing is the single most common form of auto racing in the United States . According to the National Speedway Directory there are over 700 dirt oval tracks in operation in the United States . The composition of the dirt on tracks has an effect on the amount of grip available . On many tracks people will find clay is used with a specific mixture of dirt . Tracks are sometimes banked in the turns and on the straights . This banking is utilized primarily to allow vehicles to carry more speed through the corners . However , some tracks prefer less banked turns . Each track surface will most often be different in one way or another . The Wall Street Journal noted that the success of local dirt track racing is a good economic indicator . Small businesses sponsor local grass-roots racing as part of their marketing budget . Many of the fans in the grandstands attend to support relatives and they consider the costs of attending the races to be modest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcb5ecd34ad6d743b49889b855acd83b", "text": "1984 Formula One season The 1984 Formula One season was the 38th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1984 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1984 Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers which were contested concurrently over a sixteen-race series which commenced on 25 March , and ended on 21 October . In the Drivers ' Championship , the season became a duel between McLaren 's Alain Prost and Niki Lauda . Prost won 7 races to Lauda 's 5 , including the last two Grands Prix of the year , but Lauda eventually prevailed by half a point -- the smallest margin in Formula One history . The Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers was awarded to McLaren . This season featured the last driver of the 20th century to both drive in the F1 championship and to compete at the Indianapolis 500 in the same season , Teo Fabi . His feat would not be repeated until the 2017 season , when Fernando Alonso also participated at the Indy 500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fafd13e6fec2b532f3f386e6b57debcb", "text": "IndyCar Series The IndyCar Series ( currently known as the Verizon IndyCar Series for sponsorship reasons ) is the premier level of open wheel racing in North America . Its parent company began in 1996 as a competitor to CART known as the Indy Racing League ( IRL ) which was created by then Indianapolis Motor Speedway owner Tony George . In 2008 , the IndyCar Series merged with the Champ Car World Series ( formerly CART ) . The series is sanctioned by INDYCAR . The series ' premier event is the Indianapolis 500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33fc03a177844a44e1b877651a054223", "text": "K&N Pro Series West The NASCAR K&N Pro Series West , formerly the Winston West Series and Camping World West Series , is a regional stock car racing division of NASCAR . The series was first formed in 1954 as a proving ground for drivers from the western United States who could not travel to race in the more traditional stock car racing regions like North Carolina and the rest of the southern United States . In 1954 , the series was formed under the name Pacific Coast Late Model circuit , with nine races on the schedule . At first the series sanctioned races on dirt tracks and paved tracks , but as the series developed , more races were held on paved tracks , with the final race on a dirt track being held in 1979 . In 1988 , the series traveled out of the United States for the first time , sanctioning a race in Australia . Eight years later , the series once again traveled outside of the United States to Japan . In 1999 , the season finale was held at Twin Ring Motegi , making it the first NASCAR championship race held in a different country . Four years later , NASCAR consolidated the Busch North Series into the series . Jack McCoy has the most career wins in the series with 54 , followed by Ray Elder with 47 . Elder , however , has recorded six championships , the most out of any driver in the series . Other notable drivers who participated in the series include Kevin Harvick , Brendan Gaughan , Derrike Cope , Chad Little and David Gilliland . The other regional division at the Grand National level of NASCAR is the K&N Pro Series East .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6790dd07417919d085880f70cd5bba2", "text": "Bubby Jones Norman `` Bubby '' Jones ( born June 4 , 1941 , Danville , Illinois ) , is a former driver in the USAC Sprint Car series , with 22 victories , and a member of the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame , inducted in 1998 . He also raced in the USAC Championship Car series , in the 1977-1978 seasons , with 2 career starts , including the 1977 Indianapolis 500 . He failed in qualifying attempts at Indy in 1978 and 1981 . In 1980 `` Ol' Bub '' headed west to run in the prestigious California Racing Association ( C.R.A. ) Sprint Car Series as a regular , driving the Gas Chem Products Entry . After finishing 2nd in the C.R.A. Point Standings three years in a row ( 1980 -- 82 ) behind Dean Thompson , Jones persuaded car owner Dan Kazarian to change from the Stanton Chassis they had been running , and to let Jones build them a new car himself . The result ... Jones won two consecutive C.R.A. Point Series Championships ( 1983 -- 84 ) . In 1984 , Jones won the coveted Pacific Coast National Open at Ascot , holding off a fast closing Steve Kinser despite blistering the right rear tire with 10 laps to go . Jones became one of the most well liked and highly respected drivers in the C.R.A. Series because of his straight , smooth and clean driving style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0883cc6c26cd4fed1ce7dc4fabb92ac", "text": "2015 CampingWorld.com 500 The 2015 CampingWorld.com 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race that was held on March 15 , 2015 , at Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale , Arizona . Contested over 312 laps on the 1 mi asphalt oval , it was the fourth race of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season . Kevin Harvick won the race , his second of the season , while Jamie McMurray finished second . Ryan Newman , Kasey Kahne and Kurt Busch rounded out the top five . Harvick won the pole for the race and led a race high of 224 laps , en route to a 30th career victory and his seventh at Phoenix . The race had eight lead changes among four different drivers , as well as ten caution flag periods for 53 laps . Recording the fourth win at the track for Stewart-Haas Racing , Harvick increased his points lead over Joey Logano to 22 . Chevrolet increased their lead over Ford to 20 points in the manufacturers ' standings . The CampingWorld.com 500 was carried by Fox Sports on the broadcast Fox network for the American television audience . The radio broadcast of the race was carried by the Motor Racing Network and Sirius XM NASCAR Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6da0d7b3547307315efc9c2c95ba3a7", "text": "McLaren McLaren Racing Limited , competing as McLaren Honda , is a British Formula One team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor but has also competed in and won the Indianapolis 500 and the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) . The team is the second oldest active team after Ferrari . They are one of the most successful teams in Formula One history , having won 182 races , 12 drivers ' championships and eight constructors ' championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of McLaren Technology Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , where they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One constructors ' championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the drivers ' championship in 1974 and 1976 , respectively ; 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven drivers ' championships and McLaren six constructors ' championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant -- together they won all but one race in 1988 -- but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 . However , by the mid-1990s , Honda had withdrawn from Formula One , Senna had moved to Williams , and the team went three seasons without a win . With Mercedes-Benz engines , West sponsorship , and former Williams designer Adrian Newey , further championships came in 1998 and 1999 with driver Mika Häkkinen and during the 2000s the team were consistent front-runners , driver Lewis Hamilton taking their latest title in 2008 . Ron Dennis retired as McLaren team principal in 2009 , handing the former role to longtime McLaren employee Martin Whitmarsh . At the end of 2013 , after the team 's worst season since 2004 , Whitmarsh was ousted . McLaren announced in 2013 that they would be using Honda engines from 2015 onwards , replacing Mercedes-Benz . The team raced as McLaren-Honda for the first time since 1992 at the 2015 Australian Grand Prix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "020d02d36f810186d26ec7bb8bd912bf", "text": "Fulford–Miami Speedway The Fulford -- Miami Speedway was a AAA Championship Car wood race track located in North Miami Beach , Florida . It was the first speedway built in South Florida . The 1.25 mi track was built in 1925 by Indianapolis Motor Speedway co-founder Carl Fisher , who was also developing the city . To help build the track , Fisher hired 1911 Indianapolis 500 winner Ray Harroun , who also served as general manager of the track . The track 's banking was at 50 ° , and as a result , cars had to drive at a speed of 110 mph in order to remain on the track without sliding off . In comparison , the Daytona International Speedway 's banking is 32 ° . Because of the speed the track 's configuration produced , the track was considered as the fastest in the world . The track held only one event , the Carl G. Fisher Trophy in the 1926 AAA Championship Car season . The race was 240 laps and 300 mi , and was held on February 22 , 1926 with a crowd of 20,000 . The race 's official starter was Barney Oldfield . The pole position was won by Tommy Milton with a lap speed of 142.93 mph , while the race was won by 1925 Indianapolis 500 winner Peter DePaolo , with Harry Hartz finishing second , less than a minute behind . Out of the 19 cars competing , only six finished the race . On September 17 , 1926 , the track was destroyed by the Great Miami Hurricane ; the lumber that comprised the track 's surface was scattered across the neighborhood , and was later , after being recovered , used by the city for reconstruction . After its destruction , the area was taken over by the Presidential County Club . South Florida did not have a major auto race again until 1983 , when the Grand Prix of Miami was held on a street circuit in downtown Miami . Two years later , open wheel racing returned when CART used a street course at Tamiami Park for their season finale , the Beatrice Indy Challenge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6229fc625c57cb62b06789bc3605f7a6", "text": "Michael Andretti Michael Mario Andretti ( born October 5 , 1962 ) is a retired American racing driver , who won the 1991 CART PPG Indy Car World Series . A legend in CART , he drove in the series both before and after his time in Formula One with McLaren , becoming the third most successful driver in CART history with 42 race victories . Since retiring from the cockpit , he runs his own IndyCar team , which runs his son , Marco Andretti , as well as a team in the FIA Formula E Championship . Andretti is the son of Mario Andretti . He won the 1982 Robert Bosch US Formula Super Vee Championship , and FIA Formula Mondial North American Cup the following season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb986bb94af256125364d7829b38c97", "text": "2003 Lexmark Indy 300 The 2003 Lexmark Indy 300 was the eighteenth round of the 2003 CART World Series season , held on 26 October 2003 on the Surfers Paradise Street Circuit , Queensland , Australia . A hail storm 20 minutes into the race caused an hour long red flag period and shortened the race to 47 laps from the scheduled 65 . Ryan Hunter-Reay won the race , his first victory in top-level American open wheel racing . Neither of the two drivers who could still win the season championship , leader Paul Tracy and second-place Bruno Junqueira , finished in the Top 12 points-paying positions ( though Junqueira received two bonus points on the weekend : one for having the fastest lap in Friday qualifying , and the other for leading the most laps in the race ) , meaning Tracy had a big enough lead to clinch the championship with one race to go .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b017390bf45610fa0975081f13af82b9", "text": "2001 Marlboro 500 The 2001 Marlboro 500 was a Championship Auto Racing Teams ( CART ) motor race held on November 4 , 2001 at the California Speedway in Fontana , California . It was the 21st and final round of the 2001 CART season and the fifth annual edition of the Marlboro 500 at California Speedway . The 220-lap race was won by Newman/Haas Racing driver Cristiano da Matta who started from second position . Max Papis finished second for Team Rahal and Forsythe Racing driver Alex Tagliani came in third . Tagliani won the pole position but was passed by Bryan Herta on the first lap . Papis moved into the lead on the fifth lap and remained in the position for 54 laps more than any other driver during the course of the race . Most drivers chose to run in front of the field but not take the lead because they wanted to conserve fuel . The race was reduced from its original distance of 250 laps to 220 because of fading daylight and the event was delayed by morning rain . Da Matta held off Papis at the start-finish line to win after a caution period for a crash involving Scott Dixon ended competitive racing in the event . There were eight cautions and a record-breaking 73 lead changes by 19 different drivers during the course of the race . It was da Matta 's third ( and final ) victory of the season , his first in Fontana , and the fourth of his career . Seventh-place finisher Michael Andretti moved in front of Hélio Castroneves to secure third position after the latter retired with an engine failure . 75,000 people attended the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2de90530848719cff8a3ab2a5d8c28c", "text": "USAC Daytona 100 The Daytona 100 was a USAC Championship Car race held at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach , Florida on Saturday April 4 , 1959 . It was the first and only Indy car race held on the high banks of Daytona , and saw incredible speeds turned in by the front-engined `` roadsters . '' The race was part of a triple-header weekend featuring races for the USAC Championship Cars , Formula Libre , and a USAC-FIA sports car endurance race . Both the Champ Car and Formula Libre races were won by Jim Rathmann . However , the weekend was marred by the tragic death of George Amick , who was killed in a crash on the final lap of the Champ Car race . Amick 's death came less than two months after Marshall Teague was also killed testing a highly modified Indy roadster at the track . Despite a predicted crowd of over 30,000 spectators for the weekend , turnout was disappointing . With estimates as low as 7,000 to 10,000 in attendance for Saturday , the event was also seen as unsuccessful and a money-loser . In the wake of the tragic circumstances , the blindingly fast speeds were deemed too dangerous for the track , and the Indy cars would never again race on the Daytona International Speedway oval . The sports cars , however , would return and the Daytona Continental later became an annual event . The Daytona 100 was the first race of the 1959 USAC Championship Trail , and the first Championship race held in the state of Florida since a board track race at Fulford -- Miami Speedway in 1926 . There would not be another Indy car race held in Florida until the Miami Grand Prix in 1985 . In 2006 and again in 2007 , the IndyCar Series held a compatibility test on the Daytona International Speedway motorcycle road course ( which skips the west banking ) , the first time Indy type cars had driven on the track in over 45 years . The test was to evaluate the facility as a possible warm-weather testing venue ( and perhaps a future racing venue ) . However , a race was never scheduled , and the series never returned .", "title": "" } ]	fever
67ee0fbea89151b0c097e62d7dd8019c	Louise Simonson is American.	[ { "docid": "f425f9d585b92e3cb64f93fb202d23f7", "text": "Louise Simonson Louise Simonson ( born Mary Louise Alexander ; born September 26 , 1946 ) is an American comic book writer and editor . She is best known for her work on comic book titles such as Power Pack , X-Factor , New Mutants , Superman : The Man of Steel , and Steel . She is often referred to by the nickname `` Weezie '' . In recognition of her contributions to comics , Comics Alliance listed Simonson as one of twelve women cartoonists deserving of lifetime achievement recognition .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "275d447ab9397cf3c58328c171638926", "text": "Ernestine Rose Ernestine Louise Rose ( January 13 , 1810 -- August 4 , 1892 ) was a freethinker , a feminist , and an abolitionist . Better known than either Elizabeth Cady Stanton or Susan B. Anthony in the 1850s , she was one of the major intellectual forces behind the women 's rights movement in nineteenth-century America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40f583ff666a635f0d6e448193f31fe2", "text": "Louise Dale Louise Dale is an English writer who lives in Newark , England . She writes the Time Trigger series . The series is about two 12-year-olds , Alice and Robert , who are trying to recover and return all the `` Time Triggers '' , which propel you forwards and backwards in time . The book Millennium Spies was nominated for several Lincolnshire book awards . So far , there are six books in the series : The Curse of Rocamadour ( 2002 ) The Keys of Rome ( 2003 ) Millenium Spies ( 2004 ) Savage Pilgrims ( 2004 ) Royal Pirates ( 2005 ) The Masks of Robin Hood ( 2006 ) __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d5fbcd101d3ccb12a63bdf3c7799704", "text": "Louise Adeline Weitzel Louise Adeline Weitzel ( December 2 , 1862 -- May 6 , 1934 ) was an American writer of German descent . She was born in Green Bay , Wisconsin . Her family moved to Lititz , Pennsylvania while she was still a young lady . Given the socio-cultural context in which she was born and raised , her work is unique , not only because of the content of her writing per se but also because she produced and published her texts as a woman and in her native German dialect ( Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch ) in the United States . Her will , only 30 words long , left her $ 855 estate to the Moravian Home for Aged Women in Lititz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ead41e963de46d7da9ff8787ac3f23b", "text": "Terry Louise Fisher Terry Louise Fisher ( born February 21 , 1946 ) is an American television producer , screenwriter and novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4332f91874e7a249f66c3e04d927688", "text": "Sarah Franklin Sarah Franklin ( born 1960 ) is an American anthropologist who has substantially contributed to the fields of feminism , gender studies , cultural studies and the social study of reproductive and genetic technology . She has conducted fieldwork on IVF , cloning , embryology and stem cell research . Her work combines both ethnographic methods and kinship theory , with more recent approaches from science studies , gender studies and cultural studies . In 2001 she was appointed to a Personal Chair in the Anthropology of Science , the first of its kind in the UK , and a field she has helped to create . She became Professor of Social Studies of Biomedicine in the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economics in 2004 . In 2011 she was elected to the Professorship of Sociology at the University of Cambridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd05347b042683540e0561bf403092b7", "text": "Louise Shaffer Louise Shaffer ( born July 5 , 1942 ) is an American actress , script writer , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ed1aaf757eb8853672f4a6bbfb86058", "text": "Louise Wensel Louise Wensel ( December 24 , 1918 -- February 13 , 2005 ) , was a Doctor of Medicine and political candidate and activist . Wensel ran as an independent Senate candidate against incumbent Harry F. Byrd in the U.S. state of Virginia in 1958 . Byrd was widely regarded as playing not only the role of United States Senator , but also as the powerful political boss of the Byrd Organization . He was notorious for his role in the `` massive resistance '' to racial desegregation by closing public schools rather than submit to court-ordered integration . Wensel 's candidacy was based on her opposition to the closing of public schools and to all forms of discrimination . Despite death threats , violent attacks on campaign supporters and cross burnings , Dr. Wensel received widespread support and more than 23 percent of the official vote count in an election governed by the Jim Crow policies that characterized Virginia elections prior to the Voting Rights Act . After the 1958 elections , Wensel continued as a practicing physician until a few years prior to her death in Charlottesville , Virginia in 2005 . For much of her career , she specialized in psychiatry , and in the 1970s , she played a major role in introducing acupuncture as a mainstream treatment approach in U.S. medicine . She was one of main doctors to participate in the famous Washington Acupuncture Center . She had offices in Washington , D.C. , Baltimore , Maryland , and Florida , and wrote the textbook Acupuncture in Medical Practice ( Reston Pub . Co. , 1980 ) . She was active throughout her life in movements for world peace and women 's rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b28f355c91215667a29045c29bec236", "text": "Stuart A. Aaronson Stuart A. Aaronson , M.D. , is an American author and internationally recognized cancer biologist . He has authored more than 500 publications and holds over 50 patents , and was the Jane B. and Jack R. Aron Professor of Neoplastic Diseases and Chairman of Oncological Sciences at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City until March 2013 , when he assumed the title of Founding Chair Emeritus of the Department of Oncological Sciences . The current Chairman of Oncological Sciences is Ramon E. Parsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db97f4483bba4b54dffdea683619473f", "text": "Louise Bates Ames Louise Bates Ames ( 29 October 1908 -- 31 October 1996 ) was an American psychologist specializing in child development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b793a28112d461e3bf9fc0cd7a5d2fc", "text": "John Tracy Clinic John Tracy Clinic is a private , nonprofit education center for infants and preschool children with hearing loss in Los Angeles , California , USA . It was founded by Louise Treadwell Tracy , wife of actor Spencer Tracy , in 1942 . It provides free , parent-centered services worldwide . The Clinic has over 60 years of expertise in the spoken language option , called oralism . It is located at 806 West Adams Boulevard , in the city 's West Adams district . The Clinic offers worldwide family services , local family services , professional education , preschool , hearing testing , and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af03c6161eb8c433dc1851a322c860ff", "text": "Louise Showe Louise C. Showe , Ph.D. , is a researcher and scientific director of the Genomics Facility and the Bioinformatics Facility at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia . Her research focuses on functional genomics and how they can be used to better understand the immune system and cancer . Showe has said that being able to `` globally screen gene expression patterns using genomics and proteomics appears to have injected a new level of enthusiasm for learning what is going on in complex cancers that have been particularly recalcitrant to therapy . '' Recently , Showe 's research led to the creation of a blood test that could be used to test for lung cancer using a 29-gene assay . The company OncoCyte has partnered with Wistar to develop lung cancer diagnostic tests .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c200e263e136a287b442d2354086a6", "text": "Chez Hélène Chez Hélène is a children 's television series produced by and broadcast on CBC Television . The 15-minute weekday program was broadcast on the English television network to provide viewers with exposure to the French language . The program was produced at CBC 's Montreal studios . It began its 14-season run on 26 October 1959 , with the final program airing 25 May 1973 . Hélène Baillargeon portrayed the title role . Other cast members were Madeleine Kronby who portrayed the bilingual Louise , and a mouse puppet named Suzie who generally spoke English . Corinne Orr provided the voice for Suzie . In terms of children 's series , the program remained popular in its final season , with a reported 437 000 viewers recorded by BBM in November 1972 . But CBC executives cancelled the series claiming that the series had run its course , and that the network 's broadcasts of Sesame Street would incorporate five minutes of French-language segments per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9945f430982298b43c23679a0b22831a", "text": "Joan Erikson Joan Mowat Erikson ( born Sarah Lucretia Serson ; June 27 , 1903 -- August 3 , 1997 ) was well known as the collaborator with her husband , Erik Erikson and as an author , educator , craftsperson , and dance ethnographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fc9c38e2df9ffd408cdcf95355b655c", "text": "Louise Henry Louise Henry may refer to : Louise Henry Hoover ( 1874 -- 1944 ) , maiden name of the wife of Herbert Hoover and First Lady of the United States Louise Henry ( actress ) ( 1911 -- 1967 ) , American film actress", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ab8854660b6c49ffe0d82c0c850a10", "text": "Stephen Gilson Stephen Gilson is an American theorist and policy analyst who is best known for his work in disability , diversity , and health policy through the lens of legitimacy theory and disjuncture theory . Co-authored with Elizabeth DePoy , Gilson developed Explanatory Legitimacy Theory . Through that lens , Gilson analyzes how population group membership is assigned , is based on political purpose , and is met with formal responses that serve both intentionally and unintentionally to perpetuate segregation , economic status quo , and inter-group tension . Additionally , co-authored with DePoy , Gilson developed Disjuncture Theory . This theory explains disability as an interactive `` ill-fit '' between bodies ( broadly defined ) and environments ( broadly defined ) . Gilson has applied legitimacy theory and disjuncture theory to the analysis and enactment of health policy and practices related to access and to illness prevention . Along with DePoy , Gilson has implemented his vision of socially just policy based on universal access principles through the creation of a web portal that renders existing illness prevention information accessible to individuals across diversity category boundaries . Gilson has received invitations to keynote at national and international conferences on disability studies and distinguished lectures at University of Illinois at Chicago , University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , Smith College , NYU , University of North Carolina , Ono Academic College , Research Institute for Health and Medical Professions , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "409f20486624a0c0ed11d4adaa67b35f", "text": "Louise Dresser Louise Dresser ( October 17 , 1878 -- April 24 , 1965 ) was an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b139da9d39d96723b0e2f129faeab", "text": "Merle Louise Merle Louise ( born Merle Louise Letowt , April 15 , 1934 ) is an American actress , best known for appearing in four Stephen Sondheim musicals , most famously as `` The Beggar Woman '' in Sweeney Todd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71841a71d5cffb72447818af74a7f8e3", "text": "Louise Blenman Louise Blenman has been an Appeals Court Judge of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court since 2012 . A native of Guyana , where she began her legal career , she was appointed to reside in and hear cases in Anguilla as a High Court Judge from 2003 to 2012 . She also served for a time as the Solicitor General of Saint Lucia and a lecturer in law at the University of Guyana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ffc8dea5447e290fcda6bde3659a54", "text": "Simons Simons is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Alan Simons ( born 1968 ) , Welsh goalkeeper Alexandra Simons de Ridder ( born 1963 ) , German equestrian Algie Martin Simons ( ( 1870 -- 1950 ) , American socialist journalist , newspaper editor and political activist Andra Simons , Bermudian writer Ann Simons ( born 1980 ) , Belgian judoka Arthur D. Simons ( 1918 -- 1979 ) , U.S. Army Special Forces officer Barbara Simons ( born 1941 ) , American computer scientist Benjamin Simons , British theoretical physicist Billy Simons ( born 1983 ) , American singer Carlos Simons ( born 1954 ) , Turks and Caicos Islands lawyer Charles Simons ( 1906 -- 1979 ) , Belgian footballer Charles Casper Simons ( 1876 -- 1964 ) , American judge Charles Earl Simons , Jr. ( 1916 -- 1999 ) , American judge Charles-Mathias Simons ( 1802 -- 1874 ) , Luxembourg politician Claude Simons , Jr. ( 1914 -- 1975 ) , American college sports coach Claude Simons , Sr. ( 1887 -- 1943 ) , American college sports coach Daniel Simons ( born 1969 ) , American psychologist and cognitive scientist Dave Simons ( 1954 -- 2009 ) , American comic book artist David G. Simons ( 1922 -- 2010 ) , American physician and Airforce pilot Dot Simons ( 1912 -- 1996 ) , New Zealand sportswoman , sports journalist and writer Doug Simons ( born 1966 ) , American baseball pitcher Elwyn L. Simons ( born 1930 ) , American paleontologist Eric Simons ( born 1962 ) , South African cricketer Eva Simons ( born 1984 ) , Dutch singer-songwriter Geoff Simons 1939 -- 2011 ) , British freelance writer Heintje Simons ( born 1955 ) , Dutch singer and actor Hellmuth Simons ( 1893 -- 1969 ) , German bacteriologist Henry Calvert Simons ( 1899 -- 1948 ) , American economist Howard Simons ( 1929 -- 1989 ) , American journalist Hywel Simons ( born 1970 ) , Welsh actor Jack Simons ( 1882 -- 1948 ) , Australian businessman and politician James Harris Simons ( born 1938 ) , American mathematician and hedge fund-manager Jan Simons ( 1925 -- 2006 ) , Canadian baritone Jennifer Simons ( born 1953 ) , Surinamese politician Jesse Simons ( 1917 -- 2006 ) , American labor arbitrator Jim Simons ( 1950 -- 2005 ) , American professional golfer Joe Simons ( born 1947 ) , Dutch ice hockey player Johan Simons ( born 1946 ) , Dutch theatre director John Simons , British radio executive Jonathan Simons ( born 1958 ) , American physician and oncologist Jozef Simons ( 1888 -- 1948 ) , Flemish writer and poet Jud Simons ( 1904 -- 1943 ) , Dutch gymnast Keneth Alden Simons ( 1913 -- 2004 ) , American electrical engineer Kip Simons , American gymnast Margaret Simons ( born 1960 ) , Australian journalist and writer Marlise Simons , Dutch journalist for the New York Times Matt Simons , American singer-songwriter and musician May Wood Simons ( 1876 -- 1948 ) , American writer , teacher and socialist Mel Simons ( 1900 -- 1974 ) , American baseball player Menno Simons ( 1496 -- 1561 ) , Dutch Anabaptist Moisés Simons ( 1889 -- 1945 ) , Cuban composer Nancy Simons ( born 1938 ) , American swimmer Nicholas Simons , Canadian politician Netty Simons ( 1913 -- 1994 ) , American pianist , music editor , music educator and composer Nina Simons ( born 1957 ) , American businesswoman Paul E. Simons , American diplomat Paullina Simons ( born 1953 ) , Russian author Perla Simons ( born 1963 ) , Honduran politician Peter Simons ( born 1950 ) , British philosopher Peter D. Simons ( born 1964 ) , Canadian businessman Rachel Simons ( 1914 -- 2004 ) , South African communist and trade unionist Raf Simons ( born 1968 ) , Belgian fashion designer Regillio Simons ( born 1973 ) , Dutch footballer Renee Simons ( born 1972 ) , Canadian curler Richard D. Simons ( born 1927 ) , New York state judge Rita Simons ( born 1977 ) , English actress , singer and model Robert Simons ( 1922 -- 2011 ) , English cricketer Ronald C. Simons ( born 1935 ) , American psychiatrist and anthropologist Rosearik Rikki Simons ( born 1970 ) , American voice actor and writer Samuel Simons ( 1792 -- 1847 ) , American politician from Connecticut Seymour Simons ( 1896 -- 1949 ) , American pianist , composer , orchestra leader , and radio producer Shirley Simons ( 1897 -- 1963 ) , American architect Simeon Simons ( 1759 -- 1853 ) , Native American bodyguard of George Washington Simone Simons ( born 1985 ) , Dutch mezzo-soprano Sylvana Simons Timmy Simons ( born 1976 ) , Belgian footballer Walter Simons ( 1861 -- 1937 ) , German lawyer and politician William Simons ( born 1940 ) , Welsh actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4547d9c23c224332dc7c9e00fbb2e850", "text": "Louise Filion Louise Filion ( born 6 December 1945 ) is a Canadian professor of biogeography .", "title": "" } ]	fever
75cbea303dbf0cfe99744c7b3b9f2a2a	Portia de Rossi lost the Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999.	[ { "docid": "21bcbaaeffa00edf048796c6a8efa535", "text": "Portia de Rossi Portia Lee James DeGeneres ( born Amanda Lee Rogers ; January 31 , 1973 ) , also known professionally as Portia de Rossi ( -LSB- ˈpɔərʃə_də_ˈrɒsi -RSB- ) , is an Australian and American actress , model , and philanthropist . She appeared as a regular cast member on the American political thriller television series Scandal in the role of Elizabeth North from 2014 to 2017 . She is also known for her roles as lawyer Nelle Porter on the American television series Ally McBeal -- for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999 -- and as Lindsay Fünke on the American television sitcom Arrested Development . She also portrayed Veronica Palmer on the ABC television sitcom Better Off Ted , and Olivia Lord on the television drama Nip/Tuck . De Rossi is married to comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d0a2ac7ed64fd151f0245b49eaaaea95", "text": "She's All That She 's All That is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. , Rachael Leigh Cook , Paul Walker and Matthew Lillard . It is a modern adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's play Pygmalion and George Cukor 's 1964 film My Fair Lady . It was one of the most popular teen films of the 1990s and reached No. 1 at the box office in its first week of release . In April 2015 , it was announced that the film will be remade by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44440996479ace8f9dcfad828161d898", "text": "Ellen DeGeneres Ellen Lee DeGeneres ( -LSB- dᵻˈdʒɛnərᵻs -RSB- born January 26 , 1958 ) is an American comedian , television host , actress , writer , and producer . DeGeneres starred in the popular sitcom Ellen from 1994 to 1998 and has hosted her syndicated TV talk show , The Ellen DeGeneres Show , since 2003 . Her stand-up career started in the early 1980s , and included a 1986 appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . As a film actress , DeGeneres starred in Mr. Wrong ( 1996 ) , appeared in EDtv ( 1999 ) , and The Love Letter ( 1999 ) , and provided the voice of Dory in the Pixar animated films Finding Nemo ( 2003 ) and Finding Dory ( 2016 ) ; for Nemo , she was awarded the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress , the first time an actress won a Saturn Award for a voice performance . In 2010 , she was a judge on American Idol for its ninth season . She starred in two television sitcoms , Ellen from 1994 to 1998 , and The Ellen Show from 2001 to 2002 . During the fourth season of Ellen in 1997 , she came out as a lesbian in an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show . Her character , Ellen Morgan , also came out to a therapist played by Winfrey , and the series went on to explore various LGBT issues , including the coming-out process . This made her the first openly lesbian actress to play an openly lesbian character on television . In 2008 , she married her longtime girlfriend Portia de Rossi . DeGeneres has hosted the Academy Awards , Grammy Awards , and the Primetime Emmys . She has authored three books and started her own record company , Eleveneleven . She has won 29 Emmys , 20 People 's Choice Awards ( more than any other person ) , and numerous other awards for her work and charitable efforts . In 2016 , she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d9d9fd595511b3746ed42529b3e234", "text": "Franco Interlenghi Franco Interlenghi ( 29 October 1931 -- 10 September 2015 ) was an Italian actor . He made his acting debut at 15 in Vittorio De Sica 's 1946 Neorealist film Sciuscià . He has worked with great directors such as Alessandro Blasetti in Fabiola , Roberto Rossellini in Viva l'Italia ! and Il generale della Rovere , Federico Fellini in I vitelloni , Michelangelo Antonioni in I vinti , Mauro Bolognini in La notte brava and Luchino Visconti in his stage adaptation of Death of a Salesman . He also appeared in international films , such as Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's The Barefoot Contessa , Julien Duvivier 's Le petit monde de don Camillo , Charles Vidor 's A Farewell to Arms and the Italian-American co-production Ulysses , directed by Mario Camerini . With his wife , Antonella Lualdi , he had two children , one of whom is actress Antonellina Interlenghi . Franco Interlenghi died on 10 September 2015 , aged 83 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bea8bfb24d3881bca037cda37511d0b", "text": "Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee02aaf7cf1eff088ea377a88da6786d", "text": "Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles . While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending . The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5c0eab8f8bb202e3baaaef7952557a6", "text": "The Astronaut's Wife The Astronaut 's Wife is a 1999 American science fiction thriller film directed and written by Rand Ravich . It stars Johnny Depp and Charlize Theron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54b34bde860f82c3d3efe616271f2f7a", "text": "DeGeneres DeGeneres is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Betty DeGeneres ( born 1930 ) , mother of Ellen DeGeneres and American activist . Ellen DeGeneres ( born 1958 ) , American stand-up comedian , television hostess , and actress . Vance DeGeneres ( born 1954 ) , American actor , older brother of Ellen DeGeneres . Portia de Rossi , or Portia DeGeneres ( born 1973 ) , wife of Ellen DeGeneres and American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc1b23d08eb12f3ac3934dcd080dac82", "text": "The Gal Who Took the West The Gal Who Took the West is a 1949 American Technicolor Western film directed by Frederick de Cordova starring Yvonne De Carlo , Charles Coburn , Scott Brady and John Russell . It was nominated for an award by the Writers Guild of America 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92148a39cdb695da63a7350c7facae1e", "text": "Election (1999 film) Election is a 1999 American black comedy-drama film directed and written by Alexander Payne and adapted by him and Jim Taylor from Tom Perrotta 's 1998 novel of the same title . The plot revolves around a high school election and satirizes both suburban high school life and politics . The film stars Matthew Broderick as Jim McAllister , a popular high school social studies teacher in suburban Omaha , Nebraska , and Reese Witherspoon as Tracy Flick , around the time of the school 's student body election . When Tracy qualifies to run for class president , McAllister believes she does not deserve the title and tries his best to stop her from winning . Although a box office bomb , Election received critical acclaim . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay , a Golden Globe nomination for Witherspoon in the Best Actress category , and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Film in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a09fdf79f1258f17b52dbe5dad9251", "text": "Drea de Matteo Drea de Matteo ( -LSB- dreɪ_də_məˈteɪoʊ -RSB- born January 19 , 1972 ) is an American actress , known for her roles as Angie Bolen on ABC 's Desperate Housewives , Joey Tribbiani 's sister Gina on the NBC sitcom Joey , Wendy Case on FX series Sons of Anarchy , and Adriana La Cerva on the HBO TV series The Sopranos , a role for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series . She currently stars as Det. Tess Nazario in NBC 's Shades of Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9370d444c75e593362722c005f07d34e", "text": "A Cooler Climate A Cooler Climate is a Showtime Original movie . It originally aired on August 22 , 1999 . It is based on a book with the same name by Zena Collier . Sally Field and Judy Davis were both nominated for their performance in the film during the 6th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards for outstanding performance by a female actor in a television movie or miniseries . They both also received an Emmy nomination for their performances in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34bee7c2e7e6340909f60ae2f533382a", "text": "Furia (film) Furia is a 1999 French romantic drama film directed by Alexandre Aja , who co-wrote screenplay with Grégory Levasseur , adapted from the science fiction short story `` Graffiti '' by Julio Cortázar . It stars Stanislas Merhar and Marion Cotillard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28d496ea2700c328c4aa10b52cb34f7a", "text": "Miss International 1999 Miss International 1999 , the 39th Miss International pageant , was held on 14 December 1999 at the U-Port Hall in Tokyo , Japan and hosted by Masumi Okada and Mari Christine . Paulina Gálvez of Colombia was crowned at the end of the event , becoming the second titleholder from her country to win Miss International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e27ee3d45ad72d3c261b7cdf756f1d0", "text": "1999 Webby Awards The 1999 Webby Awards were held on March 18 , 1999 , at the Herbst Theater ( War memorial Opera House ) in San Francisco , California . IDG , which still owned the awards organization , continued to retain Tiffany Shlain to produce the awards even though the magazine division she had been working for had been shut down . Mayor Rudy Giuliani had lobbied to move the ceremony to New York City , but San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown interceded with Schlain by promising the City 's support , including hosting a post-award party at the newly remodeled City Hall . Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin arrived wearing rollerblades and metallic capes , and remained in the opera hall lobby to grant interviews while most guests were watching the awards in the theater . The event was noted for the famous incident in which a representative of Jodi.org , which had won in the arts category , called the event participants `` Ugly corporate sons-of-bitches '' in his acceptance speech and tossed his trophy to the audience . The organizers asked PricewaterhouseCoopers to tabulate and ensure security for the `` People 's Voice '' winners , chosen by online voting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e10ae9c10ac3ecfd0bf88ad04824dee9", "text": "Toxic Love Toxic Love ( Amore tossico ) is a 1983 Italian drama film directed by Claudio Caligari . The film depicts a realistic and graphic portrayal of the heroin addiction that afflicted many young drifters in the eighties . The cast was entirely made of amateur actors , of whom most of them were or had been drug addicts . The film premiered at the 40th Venice International Film Festival , in which it won the De Sica Award . It was also screened at the San Sebastián International Film Festival , in which Michela Mioni was awarded best actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0e3eca0637f6693e249d6254b5e4c3c", "text": "Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2003 16th CFCA Awards January 21 , 2004 Best Film : The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King The 16th Chicago Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in film for 2003 , were presented in 2004 . The awards were originally going to be cancelled because the 2003 screener ban but when a judge ruled against it and the studios started to send out screeners again the awards were held after all . Peter Jackson 's final part of `` The Lord of the Rings '' trilogy `` The Return of the King '' and Sofia Coppola 's `` Lost in Translation '' both won three awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b1c0a33315dcf5234297fa35342d7fc", "text": "Pietro De Vico Pietro De Vico ( 1 February 1911 -- 10 December 1999 ) was an Italian film actor . He appeared in 70 films between 1948 and 1991 . He was born in Naples , Italy and died in Rome , Italy ; he was married , from 1937 till his death ( 1999 ) , to actress Anna Campori .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5dec3f99dc36aae881bc5852895cc069	2014 was the year Wild was released.	[ { "docid": "6c40546fac2765832261dbc9b5bb85f1", "text": "Wild (2014 film) Wild is a 2014 American biographical survival drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The screenplay by Nick Hornby is based on Cheryl Strayed 's 2012 memoir Wild : From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail . The film stars Reese Witherspoon as Strayed , alongside Laura Dern ( as Strayed 's mother ) , with Thomas Sadoski , Michiel Huisman and Gaby Hoffmann among several others in supporting roles . The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 29 , 2014 , and was released theatrically on December 3 , 2014 , in North America . Wild opened to positive critical reviews , with much praise going toward the performances of Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern . Both actresses received Academy Award nominations for their performances , in the categories of Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress , respectively .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0823c3e1d88ece29613ba952f40015bf", "text": "Wendy Wild Wendy Wild , born Wendy Andreiev ( August 31 , 1956 -- October 26 , 1996 ) was an American singer , musician , and artist who in the 1980s was a well-known presence in New York 's downtown music and performance scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5886950307f7889ba3a3b8ab42286b8", "text": "Into the Wild (book) Into the Wild is a 1996 non-fiction book written by Jon Krakauer . It is an expansion of a 9,000-word article by Krakauer on Christopher McCandless titled `` Death of an Innocent '' , which appeared in the January 1993 issue of Outside . The book was adapted to film in 2007 , directed by Sean Penn with Emile Hirsch starring as McCandless . `` Into the Wild '' is an international bestseller which has been printed in 14 languages and 173 editions and formats . The book is widely used as high school and college reading curriculum . `` Into the Wild '' has been lauded by many reviewers but has also been described by Alaskan reporter , Craig Medred , as being `` something invented '' by its author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc46368e380a4e72cd4d1c49f35591e4", "text": "The Wild Eight The Wild Eight is an open world survival simulation video game with procedurally-generated world developed by Russian company Fntastic and published by HypeTrain Digital for multiple platforms . The players assume the role of survivors find themselves stranded in the harsh wilderness of Alaska and must work together to stay alive . Funding for the game was secured through a successful Kickstarter campaign in May 2016 . An early alpha version was released through Game Jolt on May 23 , 2016 . This version of the game does n't include multiplayer mode , but it does showcase the game 's visual and play style . It contains resource gathering , hunting , crafting , upgrading and shelter building . The game is set to be finished in mid 2017 , with a core-feature complete Steam Early Access debut on Feb 8 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bf698942ee0facafd619f4fa1a8ce3c", "text": "Wild Cat (1927 song) Wild Cat is an instrumental duet for violin and guitar , composed by jazz guitarist Eddie Lang and violinist Joe Venuti . They first recorded it in New York , January 24 , 1927 . It is something of a showcase piece for Venuti 's talent as a violinist . His performance has been held to `` offer some good examples of bow rockin ' . '' In the words of one critic : `` Wild Cat '' illustrates the salient features of Venuti 's unique violin styling . He utilized the full range of the violin , from low rich tones to the high , ethereal sounds near the bridge . -LSB- . . . -RSB- The melody of the popular song `` Wild Cat '' was completely transformed through Venuti 's ingenious improvisation on its underlying chord structure . Author Katharine Rapoport included the piece as recommended listening `` to really get your head ( and ears ) around jazz music '' . Andy Stein is also noted for a virtuoso performance of the same piece . A further recording of `` Wild Cat '' by Stan Kurtis and Dick Hyman , which came out on the Pro Jazz label in 1987 , was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c301ccce6b798936d9e4e5acc7982f", "text": "Wild animal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b49f04e3647cf67fd72aca4aded4d78", "text": "List of Minnesota Wild players This is a complete list of ice hockey players who have played for the Minnesota Wild in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It includes players that have played at least one regular season or playoff game for the Minnesota Wild since the franchise was established in 2000 as one of two expansion teams , along with the Columbus Blue Jackets . As of August 21 , 2013 , 15 goaltenders and 173 skaters ( forwards and defensemen ) have appeared in at least one regular-season and/or playoff game with the Minnesota Wild since the team joined the League in the 2000 -- 01 season . The `` Seasons '' column lists the first year of the season of the player 's first game and the last year of the season of the player 's last game . For example , a player who played one game in the 2006 -- 07 season would be listed as playing with the team from 2006 to 2007 , regardless of what calendar year the game occurred within .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1406f3232c778da7f8f0a2fab517a32e", "text": "Wild Discovery Wild Discovery was a television series that aired on the Discovery Channel between 1995 and 2002 . It was an educational program in a documentary format showcasing animals as the main theme . The show featured a wide range of animals , in locations from around the world , including Brazil and the Serengeti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9254d76b35e11581139d59d24274d94", "text": "Wild Mouse roller coaster A Wild Mouse roller coaster ( also Mad Mouse or Crazy Mouse ) is a type of roller coaster characterised by small cars that seat four people or fewer and ride on top of the track , taking tight , flat turns ( without banking ) at modest speeds , yet producing high lateral G-forces . The track work is characterised by many turns and bunny hops , the latter producing abrupt negative vertical G forces . When approaching a turn from a straight section the intended impression is that one will simply continue straight , and thus plunge off of the device , this since there are no transition sections as are in a conventional high speed coaster track and the turn itself is obscured upon close approach . Almost all Wild Mice feature `` switchback '' sections , consisting of several of these unbanked turns , separated by straight sections . Usually the turns on the switchback section are 180 ° , but some coasters feature 90 ° turns as well as more rarely steep runs with loops ( for example Crazy Mouse at Tobu Zoo in Japan , which is no longer operating ) . Some riders , usually among taller people , report sustaining whiplash after being subjected to these turns . The feeling of a Wild Mouse coaster is amplified by using cars that are wider than the track itself , giving the impression that the riders are hanging off the side or that they might fly out , thus giving it the name `` wild '' . Some may include trick-track -- a `` straight '' piece of track banked slightly side to side designed to throw the rider left to right . Some wild mouse coasters , such as Primeval Whirl , also have spinning cars . The modern Wild Mouse was invented by German designer Franz Mack . In the original wooden Wild Mouse coasters of the 1960s and 1970s , the cars were so small that they could only fit two adults in close contact . While the low capacity of these rides led to long lines , the cars were small by design . Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the Wild Mouse type coaster was nearly extinct . However , beginning in the mid-1990s , Wild Mouse-style rides made a comeback for two reasons : First , they were cheaper than larger , conventional coasters ; second , they added to a park 's `` coaster count '' with minimal impact on cost and square footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890", "text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94cbabdfbca06ffc9c8866091524a09d", "text": "Wild Thing (The Troggs song) `` Wild Thing '' is a song written by Chip Taylor . Originally recorded by American rock band The Wild Ones in 1965 , `` Wild Thing '' is best known for its 1966 cover by the English rock band The Troggs , which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in July 1966 . The song peaked at No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart . As performed by The Troggs , `` Wild Thing '' is ranked # 261 on the Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e5e16be11ccc602d617e9ec205ac75c", "text": "Wild Things (film) Wild Things is a 1998 American erotic thriller film directed by John McNaughton , and stars Matt Dillon , Neve Campbell , Kevin Bacon , Denise Richards and Theresa Russell . An `` uncut '' version , adding seven minutes to its runtime , was released on DVD in 2004 and includes a change to Kelly and Suzie 's relationship . The film gained notoriety for featuring several sex scenes -- in particular , one involving a man and two women simultaneously -- that were more explicit than is typically seen in mainstream , big-budget Hollywood releases . It spawned several direct-to-DVD sequels that were released in 2004 , 2005 and 2010 . The film has a MPAA rating of R for `` strong sexuality , nudity , language and violence '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96b497502f70e8ad1198078cc04590d", "text": "Wild Boy (song) `` Wild Boy '' is a song by American rapper MGK . The song , released September 27 , 2011 , serves as the lead single from his debut EP Half Naked & Almost Famous ( 2012 ) . The single features American rapper Waka Flocka Flame and was produced by GB Hitz and Southside . The song was initially included on his third mixtape Rage Pack , and later included on his major-label debut studio album Lace Up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de320916561f0ab365a7b8d98b819b3a", "text": "Wild Cargo (film) Wild Cargo was a 1934 jungle adventure documentary starring Frank Buck . Buck depicts the ingenious methods by which he traps wild birds , mammals and reptiles . Many scenes were photographed on the vast Malayan estates of Buck 's friend , Sultan Ibrahim of Johor , who appears in person in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f692c6230916697ddbc3bbbb6ee1cadd", "text": "New York: A Love Story New York : A Love Story is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Mack Wilds . It was released on September 30 , 2013 , by Louder Than Life and RED Distribution . The album features guest appearances from Method Man , Raekwon and Doug E. Fresh . The album was nominated for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 56th Grammy Awards , which was held on January 26 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42cc1fbb5120fc08a19263950f1f3d1e", "text": "Wet'n'Wild Toronto Wet 'n' Wild Toronto ( formerly known as `` Sunshine Beach '' and later Wild Water Kingdom ) is located in Brampton , Ontario in the Greater Toronto Area . Opened in 1986 , the 100 acre entertainment complex is located next to the Clairville Reservoir , Claireville Conservation Area and the Humber River . The park hosts a variety of attractions , including numerous water slides , a wave pool , a lazy river , the Caribbean Cove with a cascading waterfall , volleyball courts , a kids ' water playground and adventure zone . The water park is home to `` The Big Tipper '' , the only Double Tipping Bucket attraction in the world , holding eight hundred gallons of water , As well , there are non-swimming activities such as their Face Drop Zip Lines ( to ride like superman or traditional style ) , a rock climbing wall , and 18-hole fantasy mini golf . The park is also home to a number of bars and food vendors and cabanas for parties . Wild Water Kingdom also had a mascot named `` Hugo the Hippo . '' Wild Water Kingdom is currently closed for renovations . It was purchased in 2016 by Premier Parks , LLC . Wild Water Kingdom also stated that because of the new ownership of Premier Parks , LLC the water park would receive a major cleaning while closed for 2016 . The park was renamed Wet 'n' Wild Toronto in December 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2850ee72f8e202ba975825c658a3ba83", "text": "Wild Sky Wild Sky ( Le Ciel en bataille ) is a 2011 French autobiographical documentary film and cinematic essay/poem directed by Rachid B. and co-written by Florent Mangeot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6118eb329a4c18673bceccd926a5e4f", "text": "Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) . The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604cf720647e0409b2b0af2c2efc4e9d", "text": "Wild Kingdom Wild Kingdom , sometimes known as Mutual of Omaha 's Wild Kingdom , is an American television show that features wildlife and nature . It was originally produced from 1963 until 1988 , and was revived in 2002 . The show 's second incarnation currently airs on Animal Planet in the U.S.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a22dca022c313729a71709d413808b00", "text": "Juno Awards of 2014 The Juno Awards of 2014 honoured Canadian music industry achievements in the latter part of 2012 and in most of 2013 . The awards were presented in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada during the weekend of 29 -- 30 March 2014 . The main ceremony took place at the MTS Centre and was televised on CTV .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7654a2a815b98393752e18f0e42b07f9	Natalie Wood was born in 1943, three years before her sister Lana Wood.	[ { "docid": "72a64bf544de2a1ad11ba38210a8376f", "text": "Lana Wood Lana Wood ( born Svetlana Gurdin ; March 31 , 1946 ) is an American actress and producer . She is best known for her role as Plenty O'Toole in the 1971 James Bond film , Diamonds Are Forever . Her elder sister was film star Natalie Wood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e0efd5158fd28ec8855de31b75d9bf0", "text": "Natalie Wood Natalie Wood ( born Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko ; July 20 , 1938 -- November 28 or 29 , 1981 ) was an American film and television actress . She was known for her screen roles in Miracle on 34th Street , Splendor in the Grass , Rebel Without a Cause , The Searchers , and West Side Story . She first worked in films as a child , then became a successful Hollywood star as a young adult , receiving three Academy Award nominations before she was 25 years old . Wood began acting in movies at the age of four and , at age eight , was given a co-starring role with Maureen O'Hara in the classic Christmas film Miracle on 34th Street . As a teenager , her performance in Rebel Without a Cause ( 1955 ) earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She starred in the musical films West Side Story ( 1961 ) and Gypsy ( 1962 ) , and received Academy Award for Best Actress nominations for her performances in Splendor in the Grass ( 1961 ) and Love with the Proper Stranger ( 1963 ) . Her career continued with films such as Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice ( 1969 ) . After this , she took a break from acting and had two children with different husbands , appearing in only three theatrical films during the 1970s . She was married to actor Robert Wagner twice , and to producer Richard Gregson . She had one daughter with Gregson , actress Natasha Gregson Wagner . Wood gave birth to Courtney Wagner during her second marriage to Wagner . Her younger sister Lana Wood is also an actress . Wood starred in several television productions , including a remake of the film From Here to Eternity ( 1979 ) for which she won a Golden Globe Award . During her career , her films represented a `` coming of age '' for both her and Hollywood films in general .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "95ba1a99980e6bca72dc0e5d857f9025", "text": "Isabella Biagini Isabella Biagini ( born 19 December 1943 ) is an Italian actress and showgirl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f22dccdf7b6f2613d028550500fb943e", "text": "Joan Wood Joan Myrtle Wood ( 11 January 1909 -- 27 November 1990 ) was a New Zealand educationalist and music teacher . She was instrumental in establishing nursery playcentres in the early 1940s , which later developed into the present-day playcentre movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84ff950ec6cf424a499962cc41284347", "text": "Mia Rose (actress) Mia Rose ( born March 30 , 1987 in Sutton , Alaska , U.S. ) is a former pornographic actress who entered the industry in 2006 at the age of 19 . She is the younger sister of Ava Rose .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b26d8996d547e324533de698c93ae63f", "text": "Natalie Sandtorv Natalie Sandtorv ( born 17 August 1988 in Ålesund , Norway ) is a Norwegian jazz musician ( vocals , waterphone , harmonium , electronics ) married July 29 , 2016 , to drummer Ole Mofjell , residing in Copenhagen , Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa42c202f2d7877ab8535499f0744a7b", "text": "Olivia Records Olivia Records was a collective founded in 1973 to record and market women 's music . Olivia , named after the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school , was the brainchild of ten lesbian-feminists ( the Furies Collective and Radicalesbians ) living in Washington , D.C. who wanted to create a feminist organization with an economic base . Olivia was co-founded by Judy Dlugacz . In 1973 , the collective put out a 45 with Meg Christian on one side and Cris Williamson on the other . Yoko Ono responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia , but the collective politely declined . Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person , they made $ 12,000 with that 45 , enough to put out singer Meg Christian 's first record , and soon after , Williamson 's groundbreaking album The Changer and the Changed . Sandy Stone was Olivia 's sound engineer from ca. 1974-1978 , recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period . She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman . The debate continued in Janice Raymond 's book The Transsexual Empire , which devoted a chapter to criticism of `` the transsexually constructed lesbian-feminist '' . In 1977 , after repeated criticism by Anita Bryant , Olivia put out Lesbian Concentrate , a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund . Included on the 13 track LP is Meg Christian 's `` Ode To A Gym Teacher '' and Sue Fink 's `` Leaping Lesbians '' . Olivia moved first to Los Angeles to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to Oakland . The remaining five women of the collective , who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years , began to disperse . Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988 . The two concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history . Yet , The New York Times barely mentioned the show . Even though Olivia Records released world music and salsa records , they were most successful with acoustic solo acts , although sometimes they failed to identify mainstream talent . In 1985 , singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge , then a struggling Los Angeles artist , sent her demo to Olivia , but was ultimately rejected . Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time . She saved the rejection letter , signed by `` the women of Olivia , '' which was featured in Intimate Portrait , the Lifetime Television documentary of her life . Unable to reinvent themselves for the changing musical landscape for women , from riot grrl to Lilith Fair to Ani Difranco , Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label . Olivia Records founded Olivia , the lesbian cruise line , in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d1190b6811ce999b141a92177f1d9ad", "text": "Lena Horne Lena Mary Calhoun Horne ( June 30 , 1917 -- May 9 , 2010 ) was an American jazz and pop music singer , dancer , actress , and civil rights activist . Horne 's career spanned over 70 years appearing in film , television , and theater . Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of 16 and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood , where she had small parts in numerous movies , and more substantial parts in the 1943 films Cabin in the Sky and Stormy Weather . Because of the Red Scare and her political activism , Horne found herself blacklisted and unable to get work in Hollywood . Returning to her roots as a nightclub performer , Horne took part in the March on Washington in August 1963 and continued to work as a performer , both in nightclubs and on television while releasing well-received record albums . She announced her retirement in March 1980 , but the next year starred in a one-woman show , Lena Horne : The Lady and Her Music , which ran for more than three hundred performances on Broadway . She then toured the country in the show , earning numerous awards and accolades . Horne continued recording and performing sporadically into the 1990s , disappearing from the public eye in 2000 . Horne died of congestive heart failure on May 9 , 2010 , at the age of 92 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0418fca04840c5501a3cf583d0a188b3", "text": "John Horne Burns John Horne Burns ( October 7 , 1916 -- August 11 , 1953 ) was a United States writer , the author of three novels . The first , The Gallery ( 1947 ) , is his best known work , which was very well received when published and has been reissued several times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de77e8f88e4aa6857add8d7f9d90c4a2", "text": "Saratoga Trunk Saratoga Trunk is a 1945 American romantic drama film directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper , Ingrid Bergman , and Flora Robson . Written by Casey Robinson , and based on the novel Saratoga Trunk by Edna Ferber , the film is about a Texas gambler and a Creole daughter of an aristocratic family who work together to seek justice from a society that has rejected them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3096693faee5586d140a8a3643feda9b", "text": "Lynn Povich Lynn Povich ( born 1943 ) is an award-winning journalist who has spent more than 40 years in the news business . After graduating from Vassar , she began her career as a secretary in the Paris Bureau of Newsweek magazine , rising to become a reporter and writer in New York . In 1970 , she was one of a group of women who sued the magazine for sex discrimination . Five years later , she was appointed the first woman Senior Editor in Newsweek 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "682c2e8aafe5feac7a0ef11b331291e6", "text": "Alexandra Wood Alexandra Wood may refer to : Alexandra Wood ( violinist ) ( born 1977 ) , British violinist Alexandra Wood ( dramatist ) , British dramatist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32bd4b83fe77da45d1b50e48e5c91a0d", "text": "Renée Houston Renée Houston ( 24 July 1902 -- 9 February 1980 ) was a Scottish comedy actress and revue artist who appeared in television and film roles . Born in Johnstone , Renfrewshire , as Katherina Houston Gribbin she toured music halls and revues with her sister Billie Houston as the `` Houston Sisters '' . In 1926 , the sisters made a short musical film , the script of which Renee had written . It was produced by Lee De Forest , whose process , Phonofilm , enabled a soundtrack to be played alongside the film ( a year before The Jazz Singer ) . Houston married three times , the second was to the actor Patrick Aherne , the brother of Brian Aherne . Her third husband was the actor Donald Stewart . In her later years , she specialised in `` battleaxe '' roles , notably as shop steward Vic Spanner 's ( Kenneth Cope ) formidable mother in Carry On at Your Convenience ( 1971 ) . She published her autobiography in 1974 which was entitled Do n't Fence Me In . Houston was also in the early episodes of radio 's The Clitheroe Kid and a regular guest on radio panel show The Petticoat Line chaired by Anona Winn . She died in London at the age of 77 on 9 February 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "882d039e2ddaf02616a800070379afdb", "text": "Natalie Joyce Natalie Joyce ( November 6 , 1902 -- November 9 , 1992 ) was an American movie actress from Norfolk , Virginia . She was a cousin of movie star Olive Borden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cfa35a6f38357bbc8e135d81e0d98fd", "text": "Natalie (singer) Natalie Nicole Alvarado ( born September 2 , 1979 ) , better known simply as Natalie , is a former American R&B singer and songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6535ede17a419671888f69a48ba6c0f5", "text": "Anne Spielberg Anne Spielberg ( born December 25 , 1949 ) is an American screenwriter and the sister of film director Steven Spielberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac266bc8a1c71a7b9a42f4f2b8f2482a", "text": "Muriel Box Muriel Box ( 22 September 1905 -- 18 May 1991 ) was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director . She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth , Surrey , England in 1905 . When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful , she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures . In 1935 , she met and married journalist Sydney Box , with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups . Their production company , Verity Films , first released short propaganda films , including The English Inn ( 1941 ) , her first directing effort , after which it branched into fiction . The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil ( 1945 ) for which they gained the Academy Award for Best Writing , Original Screenplay in the following year . After the war , the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures , where she was in charge of the scenario department , writing scripts for a number of light comedies , including two for child star Petula Clark , Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts ( both 1948 ) . She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director , or re-shot scenes during post-production . Her extensive work on The Lost People ( 1949 ) gained her a credit as co-director , her first for a full-length feature . In 1951 , her husband created London Independent Producers , allowing Box more opportunities to direct . Many of her early films were adaptations of plays , and as such had a stage-bound feel , since she rarely shot on location . They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style . She favoured scripts with topical and frequently controversial themes , including Irish politics , teenage sex , abortion , illegitimacy , and syphilis , and several of her films were banned by local authorities . She pursued her favorite subject -- the female experience -- in a number of films , including Street Corner ( 1953 ) about women police officers , Somerset Maugham 's The Beachcomber ( 1954 ) , with Donald Sinden and Glynis Johns as a resourceful missionary , again working with Donald Sinden on Eyewitness ( 1956 ) and a series of comedies about the battle of the sexes , including The Passionate Stranger ( 1957 ) , The Truth About Women ( 1958 ) and her final film , Rattle of a Simple Man ( 1964 ) . Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry , especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female . In 1950 , Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair , and Kay Kendall unsuccessfully attempted to do the same with Simon and Laura ( 1955 ) . Many producers questioned her competence to direct large-scale feature films , and while the press was quick to note her position as one of very few women directors in the British film industry , their tone tended to be condescending rather than filled with praise . She left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house , Femina , which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism . She divorced Sydney Box in 1969 . The following year , she married Gerald Gardiner , who had been Lord Chancellor . She died in Hendon , London in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e24c377a7d0493c5da8e2d07607d4329", "text": "Andrew Wood (singer) Andrew Patrick Wood ( January 8 , 1966 -- March 19 , 1990 ) was an American musician best known as the lead singer for alternative rock bands Malfunkshun and Mother Love Bone . Wood was also known for his flamboyance . Wood formed Malfunkshun in 1980 with his brother Kevin and Regan Hagar . The band used alter ego personas onstage , with Wood using the name Landrew the Love Child . Though the band only had two songs released , `` With Yo ' Heart ( Not Yo ' Hands ) '' and `` Stars-n-You '' , on the Deep Six compilation album , they are often cited as being among the `` founding fathers '' of the Seattle 's grunge movement . During his time in Malfunkshun , Wood started relying heavily on drugs , entering rehab in 1985 . By 1988 , Malfunkshun had disbanded and Wood began jamming with Green River members Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament . They soon began writing original material and formed Mother Love Bone the same year , adding guitarist Bruce Fairweather ( also a former member of Green River ) and drummer Greg Gilmore to the lineup . The following year , the band signed a deal with PolyGram , issuing a six-song EP , Shine , before going on to tour , supporting The Dogs D'Amour . Towards the end of the year , the band recorded their debut album , Apple , which was scheduled for release in 1990 . Due to his struggle with drug addiction , Wood checked himself into rehab in 1989 , hoping to get clean for the release of Mother Love Bone 's debut album . On March 16 , 1990 , Wood was found in a comatose state by his girlfriend , Xana La Fuente , having overdosed on heroin . Wood was taken to the hospital and placed on life support . Wood 's condition had shown signs of improvement but he died three days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a8db92265e4ced3ec25f22beecea59", "text": "Barbara Wood Barbara Wood ( born January 30 , 1947 , in Warrington ( Lancashire , England ) is an American writer of historical romance novels . Her family moved to California , where she grew up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701b18b285d7a3993a4bb2a1f4dda514", "text": "Joan Woodbury Joan Woodbury ( December 17 , 1915 -- February 22 , 1989 ) was an American actress beginning in the 1930s and continuing well into the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df1b04a84bf7e46ea4d05ebc63216c1a", "text": "Violet Wood Violet Jane Wood ( née Hodges ; 2 September 1899 -- 29 February 2012 ) was a British supercentenarian who was the oldest person in the United Kingdom for almost a year before her death at the age of 112 years , 180 days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2cdbe9d5bb518fbb378298026b04adc", "text": "Wood (song) `` Wood '' is a song by English post-trip hop band Second Person , which will be on the band 's second album : `` The Elements '' - the follow-up to their debut album `` Chromatography '' . Released on 9 August 2007 , this song has a music video created by a collaboration of artists , animators and the band . This video is the first chapter in a story spanning five videos that make up a short animated film also called `` The Elements '' . These video along with the album were created for `` believers '' in the band on Sellaband.com who helped the band raise $ 50,000 to record their album . These videos and songs can be download from their site .", "title": "" } ]	fever
85db4bffa648d63bcda9a4b09107a48e	All the Pretty Horses is an American action film.	[ { "docid": "7ecc595abe8a2660fe0024d1109bbac6", "text": "All the Pretty Horses (film) All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton , and based on Cormac McCarthy 's novel of the same name . Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz , the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews . It grossed $ 18 million worldwide , against a $ 57 million budget .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba92cb722c07607edd31eaaa827feeab", "text": "Bucking Broncho Bucking Broncho is an 1894 silent film from Edison Studios . Its star was Lee Martin who was an actual cowboy `` bronco rider '' and a member of Buffalo Bill 's Wild West show . Martin 's part was uncredited and his only film . The film is a demonstration of expert horse riding before a crowd of onlookers . This film is preserved by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and available in the DVD collection More Treasures from American Film Archives ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef24d763f685ed1634ad089e037c11a", "text": "Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego . Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9806a2ed09a25a54a85f552f457eacd7", "text": "Kansas Pacific (film) Kansas Pacific is a 1953 U.S. Cinecolor Western film released by Allied Artists Pictures and directed by Ray Nazarro . It stars Sterling Hayden and Eve Miller . The film offers a fictionalized account of the struggle to build the Kansas Pacific Railway in the 1860s just prior to the American Civil War . In the film the building of the railroad in Kansas is opposed by sympathizers of the Confederacy . General Winfield Scott sends a Corps of Engineers captain ( Hayden ) incognito to complete the railroad in order to supply western outposts when the anticipated war starts . Opposing the railway is Confederate William Quantrill ( Reed Hadley ) , whose mission is to stop or delay the railway from being completed . The rights to the film are currently in the public domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4757900c7b3ffc5ffe1a64a5df6ef0fe", "text": "Elkhorn Stakes The Elkhorn Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Keeneland Race Course in Lexington , Kentucky . The race is open to horses age four and older . Run in late April , it is contested on turf over a distance of miles ( 12 furlongs ) and currently offers a purse of $ 250,000 . Named for Elkhorn Creek , a stream running through several counties in Central Kentucky , beginning in 2008 the race is sponsored by Fifth Third Bank . Inaugurated in 1986 , the race was contested at miles through 1995 before being changed to its present distance of miles in 1996 . A Grade III event from 1988 to 1989 and from 1996 to 2007 , it was a Grade II event from 1990 to 1995 and in 2008 was returned to its Grade II status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "715c682cb235784b6ddab7b6d39cddb9", "text": "Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy) `` Save a Horse ( Ride a Cowboy ) '' is a song written and recorded by American country music duo Big & Rich . It was released in April 2004 as the second single from their debut album Horse of a Different Color . It reached number 11 on the U.S. Billboard US Country chart . The song received wide exposure when ESPN featured the song in commercials for its coverage of the 2004 World Series of Poker . It was also featured in the Boston Legal episode `` Death Be Not Proud '' . On February 19 , 2016 , a parody release by artist Skinny & Broke was released entitled `` Save A Wookie Ride A Jedi '' by Sony Music Entertainment . Big & Rich also released a remixed dance version of the song which appeared on their compilation Big & Rich 's Super Galactic Fan Pak . They performed this remixed version at the CMT Video Music Awards in 2005 . The song was also featured in a Chevrolet commercial that was aired during Super Bowl XLI and the 49th Annual Grammy Awards . The song appears on the game Karaoke Revolution Country , as well as in the 2012 film Magic Mike .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c51775fd65a62b57f9b9073e32b9de7b", "text": "Stock horse A stock horse is a horse of a type that is well suited for working with livestock , particularly cattle . The related cow pony or cow horse is a historic phrase , still used colloquially today , referring to a particularly small agile cattle-herding horse ; the term dates to 1874 . The word `` pony '' in this context has little to do with the animal 's size . though the traditional cow pony could be as small as 700 to and less than high . Such horses are characterized by agility , quickness , and powerful hindquarters . They are usually noted for intelligence and `` cow sense , '' having an instinctive understanding of how to respond to the movement of cattle so as to move livestock in a desired manner with minimal or no guidance from their rider . Such horses are used both as working animals on livestock ranches or stations , and are also seen in competition where horses are evaluated on their ability to work cattle . The term may refer to any of the following : A horse used for ranch work or for competition based on the movements of a working ranch horse , including : campdrafting cutting ( sport ) ranch sorting reining rodeo , particularly calf roping and team roping team penning working cow horse An outdated term for reining or working cow horse competition . Any breed used for ranch or cattle work in the United States , or work on cattle stations in Australia , including : Australian Stock Horse American Quarter Horse American Paint Horse Appaloosa Banker horse Carolina Marsh Tacky Florida Cracker Horse Any other breed of horse used for western riding , ranch work or for stock horse types of competition . Any breed or type of light riding horse of a phenotype that includes a powerful build with heavily muscled hindquarters that appears suitable for work as a stock horse . This includes some representatives of a variety of breeds and crossbreeds . Among breeds with stock horse-type representatives include : Arabian horse Morab Morgan horse Mustang Pony of the Americas Quarab", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b9b766406c2f29537da2d8a86cb4ef0", "text": "Racehorse injuries Racehorse injuries and fatalities are a side effect of training and competition . The problem with equine injuries is that they so often result in death . A 2005 study by the United States Department of Agriculture found that injuries are the second leading cause of death in horses , second only to old age . Nureyev 's recovery from a broken leg while retired at stud in 1987 typifies the struggle horses have after being injured . Two years after Secretariat 's recordbreaking US Triple Crown took the sport in the United States to a new level of popularity , the breakdown and death of Ruffian brought on a new era of safety concerns . Racehorses had been breaking down for centuries , but never before in an event so widely seen as the great match race between Ruffian and Foolish Pleasure at Belmont Park with 18 million viewers . The horse racing industry has been trying to adapt to the increased safety concerns ever since . `` I personally think that in a very real way , we 're almost held to a higher standard because of the horses -- they do n't make the decision to do this . And I think that 's fair , '' said Nick Nicholson , the president and chief executive of Keeneland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96d9d8ef2e409869247ffab038932360", "text": "The Last Stagecoach West The Last Stagecoach West is a 1957 American western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Jim Davis , Mary Castle and Victor Jory . The film 's art direction was by Ralph Oberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a7c75d6063c5f10579626f13da78588", "text": "Horse Soldiers (film) Horse Soldiers is an upcoming 2018 American war drama film directed by Nicolai Fuglsig and written by Peter Craig and Ted Tally , based on Doug Stanton 's non-fiction book of same name , about the CIA agents and U.S. Special Forces sent to Afghanistan right after the September 11 attacks . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Michael Shannon , Michael Peña , Austin Stowell , Trevante Rhodes , and Rob Riggle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60d5422f0709ba1565e846383ba40b98", "text": "Horse show A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies . Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide , from local to the international levels . Most horse shows run from one to three days , sometimes longer for major , all-breed events or national and international championships in a given discipline or breed . Most shows consist of a series of different performances , called classes , wherein a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and , often , prize money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361d8778010ed0126e0acdfd2d8f5496", "text": "The Electric Horseman The Electric Horseman is a 1979 American western adventure-romance film starring Robert Redford and Jane Fonda and directed by Sydney Pollack . The film is about a former rodeo champion who is hired by a cereal company to become its spokesperson , and then runs away on a $ 12 million electric-lit horse and costume he is given to promote it in Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca634143e42a4dd381047e79fcf64f33", "text": "Dead Horse (song) `` Dead Horse '' is a song by American rock band Guns N ' Roses . It appears on their 1991 release , Use Your Illusion I . The composition starts out with an acoustic section , which features a guitar riff written by lead vocalist Axl Rose . Following the sound of a nutcracker , the electric guitars soon come in for the heavier section which dominates the song . After the final climactic chorus , the opening section is reprised for another bar . The song ends with an audio effect featuring the song being fast-forwarded . The song was never released as a single but was issued to radio stations in 1993 as a 5 '' CD radio promo . A music video made in 1993 , directed by Louis Marciano , first appeared on the VHS only release entitled Garden of Eden : Strictly Limited Edition and later on the Welcome to the Videos compilation in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "653faab8dcce09caaa7a333b036651a5", "text": "Fury (TV series) Fury ( retitled Brave Stallion in syndicated reruns ) is an American western television series that aired on NBC from 1955 to 1960 . It stars Peter Graves as Jim Newton , who operates the Broken Wheel Ranch in California ; Bobby Diamond as Jim 's adopted son , Joey Clark Newton , and William Fawcett as ranch hand Pete Wilkey . Roger Mobley co-starred in the two final seasons as Homer `` Packy '' Lambert , a friend of Joey 's . The frequent introduction to the show depicts the beloved stallion running inside the corral and approaching the camera as the announcer reads : `` FURY ! . . The story of a horse . . and a boy who loves him . '' Fury is the first American series produced originally by Television Programs of America and later by the British-based company ITC Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f98bb41838ece69c768bb1e545831057", "text": "War Horse (novel) War Horse is a children 's novel by English author Michael Morpurgo . It was first published in Great Britain by Kaye & Ward in 1982 . The story recounts the experiences of Joey , a horse purchased by the Army for service in World War I France and the attempts of young Albert , his previous owner , to bring him safely home . It formed the basis of both an award winning play ( 2007 ) and an acclaimed film adaptation ( 2011 ) by Steven Spielberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32bc7341198f134494355496c6bd7ba7", "text": "Sitting Bull (film) Sitting Bull is a 1954 Eastmancolor Western film directed by Sidney Salkow and René Cardona that was filmed in Mexico in CinemaScope . In a greatly fictionalised form , it depicts the war between Sitting Bull and the American forces , leading up to the Battle of the Little Bighorn and Custer 's Last Stand . It was the first independent production to be filmed in the CinemaScope process . Featuring sympathetic portrayals of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse , The New York Times called it a `` crazy horse opera '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74f33a755e80686e0812bb01680f132", "text": "All the Pretty Horses All the Pretty Horses may refer to : All the Pretty Horses ( novel ) , a 1992 novel by Cormac McCarthy All the Pretty Horses ( film ) , a 2000 film based on the novel `` All the Pretty Little Horses '' ( also known as `` Hush-a-bye '' ) , a traditional lullaby from the Southern United States", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02871a6b0b52cb121af40d8134143aaf", "text": "Pony Express (film) Pony Express is a 1953 American western film directed by Jerry Hopper and starring Charlton Heston as Buffalo Bill , Forrest Tucker as Wild Bill Hickok , Jan Sterling as a Calamity Jane type character and Rhonda Fleming that was filmed in Kanab , Utah . The story is largely based on the 1925 silent film The Pony Express and tells a highly fictionalized account ( e.g. Buffalo Bill was born in 1846 and would have been 14 at the time ) of the formation of the Pony Express rapid transcontinental mail delivery pioneers in 1860 's United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "739a7c7cd1d6c8e8551932d10ff8b50f", "text": "Armed Armed ( May , 1941 -- 1964 ) was an American Thoroughbred gelding race horse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4beac6dbfaa6044aa46d5576f8875161", "text": "Attack (1956 film) Attack , also known as Attack ! , is a 1956 American war film . It was directed by Robert Aldrich and starred Jack Palance , Eddie Albert , Lee Marvin , William Smithers , Robert Strauss , Richard Jaeckel , Buddy Ebsen and Peter van Eyck . The cinematographer was Joseph Biroc . `` A cynical and grim account of war '' , the film is set in the latter stages of World War II and tells the story of a front-line combat unit led by a cowardly captain clearly out of his depth , as well as a tougher subordinate and an executive officer who both threaten to do away with him . As the official trailer put it : `` Not every gun is pointed at the enemy ! '' The film won the 1956 Italian Film Critics Award .", "title": "" } ]	fever
736381d8c8af7bb3c52adfa47b967f72	Dennis Hastert won the Illinois House of Representatives election in 1981.	[ { "docid": "120c232624604d3038ef3e147a79f4d2", "text": "Dennis Hastert John Dennis Hastert ( -LSB- ˈhæstərt -RSB- born January 2 , 1942 ) is an American former congressman who served as the 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007 , representing from 1987 to 2007 . He is the longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House in history , and one of the highest-ranking politicians in U.S. history to have gone to prison . Hastert grew up in rural Illinois . He graduated from Wheaton College with a degree in economics in 1964 and obtained an education degree from Northern Illinois University three years later . From 1965 to 1981 , Hastert was a high school teacher and coach . He lost a 1980 bid for the Illinois House of Representatives , but tried again and won a seat in 1981 . He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1986 , and re-elected every subsequent election until he retired in 2007 . Hastert rose through the Republican ranks in the House , becoming chief deputy whip and eventually Speaker in 1999 . As Speaker of the House , Hastert supported the George W. Bush administration 's foreign and domestic policies . After Democrats took control of the House in 2007 following the 2006 election , Hastert chose not to seek the position of minority leader , resigned his House seat , and became a lobbyist at the firm of Dickstein Shapiro . In May 2015 , Hastert was indicted on federal charges of structuring bank withdrawals to evade bank reporting requirements and making false statements to federal investigators . Federal prosecutors said that the money was to compensate for and conceal deliberately-unspecified misconduct by Hastert against an unnamed individual years earlier . Soon afterward , public accusations emerged that Hastert had sexually abused three male students ( including the aforementioned unnamed individual ) when he was a teacher more than three decades earlier . In October 2015 , Hastert entered into a plea agreement with prosecutors . Under the agreement , Hastert pleaded guilty to the `` structuring '' charge ( a felony ) , and the charge of making false statements was dropped . In court submissions on sentencing considerations filed in April 2016 , federal prosecutors made allegations of sexual misconduct against Hastert , saying that he had molested at least four boys as young as 14 while he worked as a high school wrestling coach decades earlier . At the sentencing hearing later that month , Hastert admitted that he had sexually abused boys whom he coached . The judge in the case referred to Hastert as a `` serial child molester '' and imposed a sentence of fifteen months in prison , two years ' supervised release , and a $ 250,000 fine . He entered the Federal Medical Center prison in Rochester , Minnesota on June 22 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b50093d1d3c2de97ae9540d14c737758", "text": "Berkley Bedell Berkley Warren Bedell ( born March 5 , 1921 ) is a former U.S. Representative from Iowa . After starting a successful business in his youth , Berkley Fly Co. , he ran for the United States Congress in 1972 , but was defeated by incumbent Wiley Mayne . In 1974 , however , Bedell beat Wiley Mayne and was elected to Congress . He was known for his support of representative democracy and his populist style . For example , he would hold town halls and let constituents vote on motions to decide what he would do in Congress on their behalf . These meetings helped Bedell understand the problems of his constituents ; as a result , he backed issues that were important to his farming constituency , such as waterway usage fees and production constraints . He did not seek reelection in 1986 after contracting Lyme disease from a tick bite . Though he no longer serves in Congress , Bedell remains active in Iowa politics , strongly supporting Howard Dean in 2004 over John Kerry . In the 2008 presidential election , he met several times with Chris Dodd , but endorsed Barack Obama in the end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ee741d240d71d3de6eefc1d588a549", "text": "Kevin Joyce (politician) Kevin Carey Joyce is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives , representing the 35th District from 2003 until 2010 . Born in Chicago , Illinois , Joyce went to John Carroll University . His father , Jeremiah E. Joyce , also served in the Illinois General Assembly . And accept a position with Ave Maria University a private Roman Catholic near Naples , Florida . As of 2014 Joyce serves is Vice President of Development at the university .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47f8a87ad1c1310bf111053989f80161", "text": "Daniel Schaefer Daniel `` Dan '' Schaefer ( January 25 , 1936 -- April 16 , 2006 ) was a Republican U.S. Representative from Colorado from 1983 to 1999 . He represented a suburban district that stretched from Denver to the southwest . Born in Guttenberg , Clayton County , Iowa , he attended public schools . He received his B.A. degree from Niagara University , Niagara Falls , New York , in 1961 . He also attended Potsdam University , Potsdam , New York , from 1961 to 1964 . He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1955 to 1957 and attained the rank of sergeant . He was a public relations consultant . In 1976 , he was elected to a two-year term in the Colorado General Assembly . Two years later , he was elected to the Colorado State Senate , where he served from 1979 to 1983 . He was a delegate to Colorado State Republican conventions between 1972 and 1982 . Schaefer was elected as a Republican to the Ninety-eighth United States Congress , by special election , to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative-elect Jack Swigert , a former astronaut who died of cancer before he could take his seat in Congress . Schaefer polled 49,816 votes ( 63 percent ) in the special election to 27,779 ballots ( 35 percent ) for the Democrat Steve Hogan . No Democrat challenged Schaefer in 1984 . In successive elections from 1986 to 1996 , he polled more than 60 percent of the vote against each of his Democratic opponents . In his last race in 1996 , he received 146,018 votes ( 62 percent ) to 88,600 ballots ( 38 percent ) for the Democrat Joan Fitz-Gerald . Schaefer did not run for reelection to the 106th United States Congress in 1998 . Schaefer was succeeded by Congressman Tom Tancredo , a fellow Republican and noted critic of open immigration . Former White House Press Secretary Dana Perino served as Schaefer 's press secretary for a number of years . He died at the age of 70 in Wheat Ridge , Colorado .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70426f21ba15c4aa5b7117d82df94aa1", "text": "Joseph Warren (politician) Joseph L. Warren ( born May 31 , 1952 ) is an American politician . He is a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 90th District , being first elected in 1979 . He is a member of the Democratic party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8505e812e174210bfcd217bcfeefc92", "text": "Illinois House of Representatives elections, 2010 The 2010 Elections for the Illinois House of Representatives was conducted on Tuesday , November 2 , 2010 . The 2010 primary election was conducted on Tuesday , February 2 , 2010 . State Representatives are elected for two-year terms , with the entire House of Representatives up for a vote every two years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2765e0e334c64fec8660d8491a3e4e87", "text": "Steve Reick Steven `` Steve '' Reick is a member of the Illinois House of Representatives , representing the 63rd district since January of 2017 . The McHenry area district includes all or parts of Harvard , Marengo , Woodstock , Bull Valley , Wonder Lake , Illinois , Greenwood , McHenry , Fox Lake , Spring Grove , Johnsburg and Lakemoor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c186bf212c24d14e23703a5f9954046", "text": "Ed H. Campbell For other persons named Edward Campbell , see Edward Campbell ( disambiguation ) Ed Hoyt Campbell ( March 6 , 1882 -- April 26 , 1969 ) was the last U.S. Representative from Iowa 's 11th congressional district . When Iowa lost two seats in Congress due to the 1930 census , Campbell 's district was renumbered but its boundaries were left intact . But in the Roosevelt landslide of 1932 , he failed to win re-election . Born in Battle Creek , Iowa , Campbell attended the public schools of his native city , and was graduated from the University of Iowa College of Law in 1906 . He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Battle Creek . Two years later , he was elected as mayor of Battle Creek , and served until 1911 . That year , he was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives , where he served until 1913 . During the First World War Campbell served as a private in Company Six , First Officers Training School , at Fort Snelling , Minnesota . Following his discharge , he was elected to the Iowa Senate in 1920 . He served two four-year terms , serving as president pro tempore from 1924 to 1926 . In 1928 , Campbell was elected as a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives , to represent Iowa 's 11th congressional district ( in northwestern Iowa ) . He was re-elected two years later . Iowa lost two seats in Congress due to the 1930 census , which required the 1931 Iowa Legislature to reapportion the state 's congressional districts for the first time in over four decades . However , the districts of the old 11th district were kept intact , and were renumbered as the 9th district , leading commentators to predict that Campbell 's seat was `` apparently safe . '' In the next election ( in 1932 ) , Campbell won the republican nomination for that seat , but faced maverick Democrat Guy M. Gillette in the general election . Franklin D. Roosevelt 's landslide election also carried many Democrats to victory ; Campbell was one of several incumbent Republican congressmen in Iowa who were unseated that year . In all , Campbell served in the Seventy-first and Seventy-second Congresses , from March 4 , 1929 to March 3 , 1933 . After returning to Iowa , Campbell resumed the practice of law . He died in Battle Creek , Iowa on April 26 , 1969 , and was interred in Mount Hope Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ad9ebca7342858923d1847d13ff758a", "text": "Dennis DeConcini Dennis Webster DeConcini -LSB- ˌdiːkənˈsiːni -RSB- ( born May 8 , 1937 ) is an American politician and former Democratic U.S. Senator from Arizona . The son of former Arizona Supreme Court Judge Evo Anton DeConcini , he represented Arizona in the United States Senate from 1977 until 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fba578192f33deb5c3b3611b19b12e3e", "text": "Elizabeth Coulson Elizabeth Coulson ( born September 8 , 1954 ) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives , representing the 17th district from 1997 to 2011 . She ran for the Illinois 's 10th congressional district seat being vacated by Mark Kirk , but lost to Bob Dold in the February 2nd , 2010 , primary election . She backed Republican candidate Hamilton Chang , in his unsuccessful bid to replace her in the Illinois House of Representatives in the 17th district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb0d25ceaf7adbb82377ed35d8ebbb3", "text": "Greg Zito Greg Zito ( born March 7 , 1953 ) was an American politician . Born in Oak Park , Illinois , Zito went to Triton College . He then received his bachelor 's degree in politician science/public administration from Illinois State University . Zito served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1981 to 1983 and then served in the Illinois Senate from 1983 to 1991 . Zito was a Democrat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "021f564fb2803c31261c5856685cd481", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana, 2010 The 2010 congressional elections in Indiana were held on November 2 , 2010 to determine who would represent the state of Indiana in the United States House of Representatives . Representatives are elected for two-year terms ; those elected served in the 112th Congress from January 2011 until January 2013 , except for the winner of the 3rd District 's special election , who will serve the few remaining weeks of the 111th Congress . Indiana has nine seats in the House , apportioned according to the 2000 United States Census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "509c400c025cc3df7a17dae5a5218720", "text": "Mark Kirk Mark Steven Kirk ( born September 15 , 1959 ) is an American politician who was the junior United States Senator from Illinois from 2010 to 2017 and a member of the Republican Party . Previously , Kirk was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives , representing Illinois 's 10th congressional district . Kirk is a social moderate and fiscal conservative . Born in Champaign , Illinois , Kirk graduated from Cornell University , the London School of Economics , and Georgetown University Law Center . He practiced law throughout the 1980s and 1990s . He joined the United States Navy Reserve as a Direct Commission Officer in the Intelligence career field in 1989 and was recalled to active duty for the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . He participated in Operation Northern Watch in Iraq the following year . He attained the rank of Commander and retired from the Navy Reserve in 2013 . Kirk was elected to the House in 2000 . During his fifth term in November 2010 he won two concurrent elections : to finish the final months of former Senator Barack Obama 's term and to serve the next six-year term . He was sworn in on November 29 , 2010 , and began a six-year Senate term in January 2011 . In January 2012 , Kirk suffered a stroke , and a full year passed before he returned to his congressional duties . On November 8 , 2016 , he was defeated in his bid for re-election to his U.S. Senate seat by Democrat Tammy Duckworth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d3d4b0df9d690b5b3293e266f7cf76", "text": "Joan Krupa Joan Gore Krupa was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives . She represented the 92nd Representative District for 9 days in early 2009 , after her predecessor , Aaron Schock , was sworn in as U.S. Congressman for Illinois ' 18th congressional district . Before running for the Illinois House , Krupa was the president of the Heartland Community Health Clinic in Peoria , Illinois , and was previously a teacher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb1af138a9f25f4789ac40cbc042470a", "text": "Illinois's 9th congressional district The 9th Congressional District of Illinois covers parts of Cook County , as of the 2011 redistricting which followed the 2010 census . All or parts of Chicago , Des Plaines , Evanston , Glenview , Lincolnwood , Morton Grove , Mount Prospect , Niles , Park Ridge , Prospect Heights , Wilmette and Winnetka and Arlington Heights are included . It is anchored in Chicago 's North Side along Lake Michigan , and covers many of Chicago 's northern suburbs . Democrat Jan Schakowsky has represented the district since January 1999 . The district is one of the most reliably Democratic districts in Chicago , and in all of Illinois . It has been in Democratic hands without interruption since 1949 , and for all but six years since 1935 . Only three people have held the district since 1949 -- Sidney Yates , Edward Finnegan , and Schakowsky . Yates gave up the seat in 1962 to run for United States Senate . When he lost , Chicago machine officials persuaded Finnegan , who had succeeded Yates after his former district was merged with the 9th , to hand the seat back to Yates . Schakowsky won the seat in 1998 after Yates retired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "435aa9b1f6a16b676a19d4c725337fe3", "text": "Scott Perry (politician) Scott Gordon Perry ( born May 27 , 1962 ) is the U.S Representative for , serving since 2013 . A member of the Republican Party , he previously served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 92nd legislative district ( 2007 -- 2013 ) . Perry is also a Brigadier General in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b5650cc4b648dd03ea8342e5cde7add", "text": "Sandy Cole Sandy Cole ( born 1953 ) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives , representing the 62nd district for six years , from January 2007 until January 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f7651b0024074273c09457014116f4d", "text": "Ron Drake Ron Drake is an American politician from the state of Indiana . He served in the Indiana House of Representatives for two terms , and is a candidate for the United States House of Representatives for in the 2016 elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1868fb7f27e407e0e680ff6825429ae", "text": "Illinois Executive Mansion The Illinois Executive Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Illinois . It is located at 410 E. Jackson Street in Springfield , Illinois and is open to tours on Wednesdays and Saturday mornings , free of charge . The Georgian style Mansion was designed by Chicago architect John M. Van Osdel . The Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . The 16-room manor was completed in 1855 and was first occupied by governor Joel Matteson , who held the official grand opening on January 10 , 1856 . It is one of the oldest historic residences in the state of Illinois and one of the three oldest continuously occupied governor 's mansions in the United States . The governor 's mansion is constructed in an `` H '' shaped configuration . During the Christmas season the mansion is decorated lavishly with Christmas decorations , including over a dozen Christmas trees . Although sometimes used for state functions such as state dinners and the like , the mansion proper is , for the most part , a historic site . The libraries , bedrooms , parlors , sitting rooms , etc. are maintained as they may have looked in the 19th century . The governor and his family are not expected to actually reside in the main mansion itself . Rather , a 7-room private apartment on the second floor of the mansion is provided for the governor and his family . Former Illinois Governor George Ryan and First Lady Lura Lynn Ryan refurbished much of the mansion 's furniture during their tenure using private donations . In 2011 , a multimillion-dollar renovation was planned because the last repairs to the mansion were in 1971 . In 2009 , newly elevated Governor Pat Quinn announced that he was looking forward to living in the mansion , calling it `` the people 's house . '' His predecessor Rod Blagojevich had continued to live in his Ravenswood Manor , Chicago home while commuting via state plane to Springfield and preferred to execute his gubernatorial duties from within his home and , less commonly , the Governor 's office in Chicago 's Thompson Center . The 2014 polar vortex led to significant water damage to the mansion , and Governor Quinn , who chose to live in the mansion part-time , allocated about $ 40,000 in emergency repairs . Shortly after his election as governor , Bruce Rauner announced that he and his wife would invest some of their money into repairing the mansion so they could live in it during his term . On July 18 , 2016 , Illinois First Lady Diana Rauner announced a $ 15 million renovation project for the mansion , with the funding being raised privately . The work is planned to be completed by the Illinois bicentennial in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a19ee6f6138a117cecf46230237ac0b8", "text": "Andre Thapedi André Thapedi is a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives , representing the 32nd District since his election in 2008 . Thapedi is the son of Chicago neurosurgeon Isaac Martin Thapedi and retired Cook County judge Llwellyn Thapedi . He attended LeMans Academy and St. Ignatius College Preparatory High School where he was a student athlete , leader , and selected as a `` Chicagoland Outstanding Student '' . After graduating from Morehouse College he earned a law degree , with honors , from The John Marshall Law School , where he was a president of the Black Law Students Association , national mock trial competition winner , national moot court competition winner , and published in their Journal of Computer and Information Law . Thapedi worked as an intern with the office of the Cook County State 's Attorney and the law department of the Chicago Transit Authority . He spent eight years as a trial , corporate and transactional attorney with the major Chicago law firms of Earl L. Neal & Associates , LLC ( now Neal & Leroy , LLC ) and Swanson , Martin & Bell , LLP . He is currently a partner in the law firm of Thapedi & Thapedi where he represents both injured persons and businesses in complex civil litigation . He is also the managing broker for Shore Realty , LLC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4d6c9b2e7a57d1f2af31bd6d7c624c", "text": "United States presidential election in Illinois, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 6 , 1984 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Illinois voters chose 24 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States . Illinois was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ffde8a36a8e6449f6824d5f4c598997a	Sense and Sensibility went on sale in the beginning of the 19th century.	[ { "docid": "881c9be753323d0a6395ac077c032e83", "text": "Sense and Sensibility Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen , published in 1811 . It was published anonymously ; By A Lady appears on the cover page where the author 's name might have been . It tells the story of the Dashwood sisters , Elinor and Marianne , both of age to marry . The novel follows the young women to their new home with their widowed mother , a meagre cottage on the property of a distant relative , where they experience love , romance and heartbreak . The novel is set in southwest England , London and Sussex between 1792 and 1797 . The novel sold out its first print run of 750 copies in the middle of 1813 , marking a success for its author , who then had a second print run later that year . The novel continued in publication throughout the 19th , 20th and 21st centuries .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ed233534aa3375bce9f33b8233bc3cab", "text": "Hurst and Blackett Hurst and Blackett was a publisher founded in 1852 by Henry Blackett ( May 26 , 1825 - March 7 , 1871 ) , the grandson of a London shipbuilder , and Daniel William Stow Hurst ( February 17 , 1802 - July 6 , 1870 ) . Shortly after the formation of their partnership Hurst and Blackett took over the business of the long established publisher Henry Colburn , for whom Daniel Hurst had worked for some years , and their earliest publications displayed `` Successors to Henry Colburn '' on the title pages . This was subsequently replaced by the epithet `` Publishers since 1812 '' , probably in reference to the date when Henry Colburn had commenced publishing . Four of Henry Blackett 's sons became publishers . Hurst and Blackett were located on Great Marlborough Street , where Henry Colburn had maintained his premises , and later at Paternoster House , Paternoster Row , London and had offices in New York and Melbourne . They were taken over by Hutchinson , which later became part of Random House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aa3b0df9240e4f83db9bdf182950f42", "text": "Classical economics Classical economics ( also known as liberal economics ) asserts that markets function best with minimal government interference . It was developed in the late 18th and early 19th century by Adam Smith , Jean-Baptiste Say , David Ricardo , Thomas Robert Malthus , and John Stuart Mill . Many writers found Adam Smith 's idea of free markets more convincing than the idea , widely accepted at the time , of protectionism . Adam Smith 's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics . The fundamental message in Smith 's influential book was that the wealth of nations was based not on gold but on trade : That when two parties freely agree to exchange things of value , because both see a profit in the exchange , total wealth increases . Classical economics originally differed from modern libertarian economics in seeing a role for the state in providing for the common good . Smith acknowledged that there were areas where the market is not the best way to serve the common good , and he took it as a given that the greater proportion of the costs supporting the common good should be borne by those best able to afford them . Classical economists observe that markets generally regulate themselves , when free of coercion . Adam Smith referred to this as a metaphorical `` invisible hand '' , which refers to the notion that private incentives are aligned with society welfare maximization under certain competitive conditions . Smith warned repeatedly of the dangers of monopoly , and stressed the importance of competition . There is some debate about what is covered by the term `` classical economics '' , particularly when dealing with the period from 1830 -- 75 , and how classical economics relates to Neoclassical economics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1166b12f626746675db8457155277b44", "text": "William Miller (British publisher) William Richard Beckford Miller ( 25 March 1769 -- 25 October 1844 ) was one of the leading English publishers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries , known for his popular and expensive titles . He began publishing on his own in 1790 at Bond Street in London . In 1812 he retired , aged 42 , selling his business and 50 Albemarle Street , his London home , to John Murray , the second publisher of that name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72fe827f56a6ba1ddb0bb22499c7d4fb", "text": "Dissociation of sensibility Dissociation of sensibility is a literary term first used by T. S. Eliot in his essay `` The Metaphysical Poets '' . It refers to the way in which intellectual thought was separated from the experience of feeling in seventeenth century poetry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e797fb742c82fbbe21de029bee4f4c42", "text": "The Rise of Silas Lapham The Rise of Silas Lapham is a realist novel by William Dean Howells published in 1885 . The story follows the materialistic rise of Silas Lapham from rags to riches , and his ensuing moral susceptibility . Silas earns a fortune in the paint business , but he lacks social standards , which he tries to attain through his daughter 's marriage into the aristocratic Corey family . Silas ' morality does not fail him . He loses his money but makes the right moral decision when his partner proposes the unethical selling of the mills to English settlers . Howells is known to be the father of American realism , and a denouncer of the sentimental novel . The resolution of the love triangle of Irene Lapham , Tom Corey , and Penelope Lapham highlights Howells ' rejection of the conventions of sentimental romantic novels as unrealistic and deceitful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1d994572888566871729431e1c87314", "text": "Strand, London Strand ( or the Strand ) is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster , Central London . It runs just over 3/4 mi from Trafalgar Square eastwards to Temple Bar , where the road becomes Fleet Street inside the City of London , and is part of the A4 , a main road running west from inner London . The road 's name comes from the Old English strond , meaning the edge of a river , as it historically ran alongside the north bank of the River Thames . The street was popular with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries , with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river . These included Essex House , Arundel House , Somerset House , Savoy Palace , Durham House and Cecil House . The aristocracy moved to the West End over the 17th century , following which the Strand became well known for coffee shops , restaurants and taverns . The street was a centre point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century , and several venues remain on the Strand . At the east end of the street are two historic churches : St Mary le Strand and St Clement Danes . Several authors , poets and philosophers have lived on or near the Strand , including Charles Dickens , Ralph Waldo Emerson and Virginia Woolf . The street has been commemorated in the song `` Let 's All Go Down the Strand '' , now recognised as a typical piece of Cockney music hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6de6a861e2e241e650f1752801f264f", "text": "The Daily News (UK) The Daily News was a national daily newspaper in the United Kingdom . The News was founded in 1846 by Charles Dickens , who also served as the newspaper 's first editor . It was conceived as a radical rival to the right-wing Morning Chronicle . The paper was not at first a commercial success . Dickens edited 17 issues before handing over the editorship to his friend John Forster , who had more experience in journalism than Dickens . Forster ran the paper until 1870 . Charles Mackay , Harriet Martineau , George Bernard Shaw , H. G. Wells , G. K. Chesterton and Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina were among the leading reformist writers who wrote for the paper during its heyday . In 1870 , the News absorbed the Morning Star . In 1876 , Daily News and its correspondent Edwin Pears , and later Januarius MacGahan , sounded the first alarm respecting the Turkish atrocities in Bulgaria . In 1901 , Quaker chocolate manufacturer George Cadbury bought the Daily News and used the paper to campaign for old age pensions and against sweatshop labour . As a pacifist , Cadbury opposed the Boer War -- and the Daily News followed his line . In 1906 , the News sponsored an exhibition on sweated labour at the Queen 's Hall . This exhibition was credited with strengthening the women 's suffrage movement . In 1909 , H. N. Brailsford and H. W. Nevinson resigned from the paper when it refused to condemn the force feeding of suffragettes . In 1912 , the News merged with the Morning Leader , and was for a time known as the Daily News and Leader . In 1928 , it merged with The Westminster Gazette , and in 1930 , with the Daily Chronicle to form the centre-left News Chronicle . The chairman from 1911 to 1930 was Edward Cadbury , eldest son of George Cadbury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55c540f96a775b9141e322a63eb7b741", "text": "Theatre Royal, Birmingham The Theatre Royal , originally the New Theatre , was a 2000-seat theatre located on New Street in Birmingham , England . It was erected in 1774 and demolished in 1956 . The theatre was damaged by fire in 1792 and again in 1820 , after which it was rebuilt . In 1897 , W. S. Gilbert 's The Fortune Hunter premiered at the theatre . The theatre was rebuilt again in 1902 , designed by Ernest Runtz , reopening in 1904 with 2200 seats . This building lasted until 1956 when it was closed and demolished . The Woolworth Building was then constructed on the site , seen today as the location of a branch of Boots and Bella Italia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9137589b855e57b24e6ba97df17e0509", "text": "The Plain Dealer (play) The Plain Dealer is a Restoration comedy by William Wycherley , first performed on 11 December 1676 . The play is based on Molière 's Le Misanthrope , and is generally considered Wycherley 's finest work along with The Country Wife . The play was highly praised by John Dryden and John Dennis , though it was equally condemned for its obscenity by many . Throughout the eighteenth century it was performed in a bowdlerized version by Isaac Bickerstaffe . The title character is Captain Manly , a sailor who doubts the motives of everyone he meets except for his sweetheart , Olivia , and his friend , Vernish . When Olivia jilts him and marries Vernish , he attempts to gain revenge by sending a pageboy ( who , unknown to him , is a girl in disguise and is in love with him ) to seduce Olivia . When the truth of the page 's identity is discovered , Manly marries her instead . The French philosopher , historian , and dramatist Voltaire adapted The Plain Dealer to make his own play , titled La Prude ( The Prude ) . Comments from 1911 Britannica : Scarcely inferior to The Country Wife is The Plain Dealer -- a play of which Voltaire said , `` Je ne connais point de comédie chez les anciens ni chez les modernes où il y ait autant d'esprit . '' ( `` I know not of a single comedy of either the ancients or the moderns where there is so much wit . '' ) This comedy had an immense influence , as regards manipulation of dialogue , upon all subsequent English comedies of repartee , and he who wants to trace the ancestry of Tony Lumpkin and Mrs Hardcastle ( in She Stoops to Conquer by Oliver Goldsmith ) has only to turn to Jerry Blackacre and his mother , while Manly ( for whom Wycherley 's early patron , the Duke of Montausier , sat ) , though he is perhaps overdone , has dominated this kind of stage character ever since . If but few readers know how constantly the blunt sententious utterances of this character are reappearing , not on the stage alone , but in the novel and even in poetry , it is because a play whose motive is monstrous and intolerable can only live in a monstrous and intolerable state of society ; it is because Wycherley 's genius was followed by Nemesis , who always dogs the footsteps of the denier of literary art . When Burns said : `` The rank is but the guinea stamp , The man 's the gowd for a ' that '' ; when Sterne , in Tristram Shandy , said , `` Honours , like impressions upon coin , may give an ideal and local value to a bit of base metal , but gold and silver will pass all the world over without any other recommendation than their own weight , '' what did these writers do but adopt -- adopt without improving -- Manly 's fine saying to Freeman , in the first act : `` I weigh the man , not his title ; 't is not the king 's stamp can make the metal better or heavier '' ? And yet it is in the fourth and fifth acts that the coruscation of Wycherley 's comic genius are the most dazzling ; also , it is there that the licentiousness is the most astonishing . Not that the worst scenes in this play are really more wicked than the worst scenes in Vanbrugh 's Relapse , but they are more seriously imagined . Being less humorous than Vanbrugh 's scenes , they are more terribly and earnestly realistic ; therefore they seem more wicked . They form indeed a striking instance of the folly of the artist who selects a story which can not be actualized without hurting the finer instincts of human nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bad61d07759290a0619d31a5ccc1da3", "text": "The Tale of Chloe The Tale of Chloe , subtitled An Episode in the History of Beau Beamish , is a novel by English novelist George Meredith , first published in 1879 , and as a novel in 1890 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac49881ab2b2e57f122a5043e3dd153b", "text": "Psalmist movement Psalmist movement is a term that covers a period of mass musical education in Britain having its roots in the dissenting congregational church singing organisations of late 18th century in regional Scotland and Northern England , which , by the mid-19th century , was to become a vibrant metropolitan cultural institution , coinciding with radical developments in broader national schools policy , the latter owing much to the teaching methods used by the psalmist singing schools . It is sometimes also referred to as the ` choral revival ' . The names most often associated with the ` movement ' in Britain are John Curwen ( 1816 -- 1880 ) , Sarah Anne Glover ( 1785 -- 1867 ) and John Pyke Hullah ( 1812 -- 24 ) , However it had its philosophical roots in Europe , particularly in the social idealism of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . In Bernarr Rainbow 's words ` As a result of the series of weekly massed singing classes introduced at Exeter Hall under government sanction , the people of London became more musically conscious between 1841 and 1843 than they had ever been . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69a38050060a8207e82afdd22a25173b", "text": "Pride and Prejudice (1958 TV series) Pride and Prejudice is a 1958 British television adaptation of the novel of the same name , which aired on the BBC . Cast included Alan Badel , Pamela Binns , Jane Downs , Susan Lyall Grant , Marian Spencer , Vivienne Martin , Hugh Sinclair , William Squire , Joan Carol , Jeanne Elvin , Colin Jeavons , Barbara New , and Greta Watson . Six half-hour episodes were produced , presumably aired live ( since that was usually the case with BBC drama of the era ) , and telerecorded for overseas broadcast . All six episodes are believed to be lost . The designer was Stephen Bundy , adaptation by Cedric Wallis and the producer was Barbara Burnham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1019b47cd9db2814847a0e09b09b52ab", "text": "The Man of Feeling The Man of Feeling is a sentimental novel published in 1771 , written by Scottish author Henry Mackenzie . The novel presents a series of moral vignettes which the naïve protagonist Harley either observes , is told about , or participates in . This novel is often seen to contain elements of the Romantic novel , which became prolific in the years following its publishing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2a5a0184c35d64a7e9ce38f2c396478", "text": "Opera management Opera management is the management of the processes by which opera is delivered to audiences . A multifaceted task , it involves managing an opera company , primarily the singers and musicians who perform the operas , but in many cases also managing the opera house in which the company performs . Opera is a complex art form involving high fixed costs and requiring complex management . In addition to the singers and musicians who form the core of the company its production requires scenery and costumes and sometimes dancers and non-singing actors . Fixed costs in today 's opera organizations -- keeping many of the singers and musicians on year-round contracts , and if managing their own theatre , the cost of workers needed to create and maintain the sets and costumes as well as the cost of maintaining and running the building -- combined with the costs of individual productions , make opera the most expensive of the performing arts . However , even in the 19th century when opera was largely run by individual impresarios rather than large organisations , opera management as a profession was characterised as `` a devouror of the fortunes of the victims it has tempted by its seductions '' . Frederick Gye , who turned the Royal Italian Opera in Covent Garden into one of London 's premiere opera houses in the 19th century and who shaped the careers of many famous singers , described opera management as a `` dreadful business '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22522f5d3849b3a7f95445f64b2b9578", "text": "Art Nouveau furniture Furniture created in the Art Nouveau style was prominent from the late 19th century to the advent of the First World War . Unlike furniture made by the British Arts and Crafts movement , from which it emerged in stylistic respects , most Art Nouveau furniture was produced in factories by normal manufacturing techniques , which led to tensions with Arts and Crafts figures in England , who criticised continental Art Nouveau furniture for not being '' ` honestly ' constructed . It also tended to be expensive , as a fine finish , usually polished or varnished , was regarded as essential , and continental designs were usually very complex , with curving shapes that were expensive to make . It by no means entirely replaced other styles of furniture , which continued to be popular , with Art Nouveau styles largely restricted to an expensive `` art furniture '' category . The style was named for Siegfried Bing 's Maison de l'Art Nouveau gallery and shop in Paris , which opened in 1895 , and in France and Belgium furniture designers took up the style with more enthusiasm than those of most countries . Several notable designers were architects who designed furniture for specific buildings they had also designed , a way of working inherited from the Arts and Crafts movement ; these include Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Antoni Gaudí , Hector Guimard and Victor Horta . Mackintosh 's furniture was relatively austere and geometrical , marked by elongated dimensions and right-angles . Continental designs were much more elaborate , often using curved shapes both in the basic shapes of the piece , and in applied decorative motifs . In many ways the old vocabulary and techniques of classic French 18th-century Rococo furniture were re-interpreted in a new style . Luxury veneers were used in the furniture of leading cabinetmakers Georges de Feure and others . Alphonse Mucha produced a few designs , but was little involved with production . The École de Nancy ( School of Nancy in France ) , the Wiener Werkstätte in Vienna and the Deutscher Werkbund were groupings including many designers of Art Nouveau furniture . The Exposition Universelle de Paris in 1900 was an important showcase for designers , and the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna at Turin in 1902 heavily featured the work of furniture designer Carlo Bugatti of Milan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c3f7ea7ea4d40edd4c7a20053ca137d", "text": "Bennet family The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry , created by English novelist Jane Austen . The family plays a central role in the novel Pride and Prejudice , since it is the one to which the protagonist , Elizabeth , belongs . The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot . In a society where marriage is the only possible future for a young girl of good family , the presence in the household of five girls to marry with no other advantage than their good looks can only be a source of concern . Yet the Bennet couple do not assume their role as educators : the mother repeatedly makes a spectacle of herself , incapable of realizing that her behaviour is more likely to put off any rich , eligible young man who noticed the oldest and most pretty of her daughters . All the while , the father , an indifferent husband , whose mocking gaze only makes things worse , since he has long-since given up on reining in her behaviour , more intent on ` enjoying the show ' than in correcting her behaviour , and the behaviour of his younger daughters , regardless of how negatively it affects his daughters ' chances of respectable matches . These girls show very different behaviors according to the education they received or provided themselves : the two eldest daughters , Jane and Elizabeth , show irreproachable conduct and are appreciated by their father , while Mary , less physically attractive , displays intellectual and musical pretensions , and the two youngest are both left almost abandoned to run wild under the sloppy , careless supervision of their ineffectual mother . Other members of the Bennets staged by Jane Austen are , on the one hand Mrs Bennet 's brother and sister -- Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips , on the other hand the designated heir of Mr. Bennet 's estate , his distant paternal second cousin , the pompous and foolish Mr. William Collins . Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story , but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging . Collins 's character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire , to which the Bennets belong , and the large property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy . The legal , financial or emotional interests that unite or divide the members of the Bennet family allow Jane Austen to build a complex picture of society and to raise a number of societal issues specific to her time , particularly concerning girls ' education and legitimacy of certain behaviors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa511b52a7afdf99d43dbb658e461a4a", "text": "Celestina (novel) Celestina is an eighteenth-century English novel and poet Charlotte Turner Smith 's third novel . Published in 1791 by Thomas Cadell , the novel tells the story of an adopted orphan who discovers the secret of her parentage and marries the man she loves . It is a courtship novel that follows the typical Cinderella plot while still commenting on contemporary political issues . Celestina is a satire of traditional English class and gender assumptions , particularly the idea that nobility is connected to rank or wealth . The heroine 's worth lies in her `` enlightened human soul '' ; she is valuable in and of herself . As a model for young readers , Celestina was liberating -- she was independent and assertive . While Celestina is a heroine of sensibility who relies on her feelings to develop sympathy for others , it is the hero , Willoughby , who is the most sentimental of all , reversing the stereotypical association of strong emotions with femininity . In this novel , it is the women who remain strong and the men who are prey to their feelings . Throughout the novel , Smith included portraits of herself and her husband . Readers were interested in her personal story and bought her works to discover what was happening in her life , therefore she included barely disguised autobiographical details in the novel . The novel was well received by reviewers and eventually ran to four editions during the 1790s ; however , the novel was not published again until the 2000s . Jane Austen , who read Smith 's novels as they were published , responded to her description of sensibility with Sense and Sensibility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd204b1f6ad3be509f95d7b6a2b11cdb", "text": "Firth, Pond & Company Firth , Pond & Company was an American music company that published sheet music and distributed musical instruments in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The company began in 1847 when William Hall broke with partners John Firth and Sylvanus Pond , thus disbanding their New York-based publishing company , Firth & Hall . Firth and Pond reformed under the name Firth , Pond & Company . Publishing of sheet music made up their core business , and the company played a key role in the popularizing of works by songwriters such as Stephen Foster and Dan Emmett . They preferred material from the minstrel shows to more serious fare , although the company did publish material such as Foster 's non-blackface ballads and songs by Louis Moreau Gottschalk . In the 1850s , demand steadily grew in the United States for guitars . Firth , Pond & Company offered the instruments under its imprint , advertising , `` Guitars of Our Own Manufacture , of Superior Tone and Finish , in Lined Case , for $ 15 to $ 50 '' . These were actually created by guitar makers such as C. F. Martin and James Ashborn . By 1855 , Firth , Pond & Company sold $ 50,000 in pianos and $ 30,000 in guitars and other instruments ; sheet music revenues were only $ 70,000 . When Firth and Pond parted ways , the company split into Firth , Son & Company and William Pond & Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d298e8ba1603f05c2bcc1a6474b23c", "text": "Heywood Hill Heywood Hill , ( HH ) , is a bookshop at 10 Curzon Street in the Mayfair district of London . The shop was opened by Heywood Hill on 3 August 1936 . As of 2016 the store was owned by Peregrine Cavendish , 12th Duke of Devonshire and was managed by his son-in-law , Nicky Dunne . The staff of the store has substantial expertise in the location and acquisition of rare books and collections of books . They have the ability to select and acquire a library meeting the bespoke requests of a customer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf08f4c24e7aeaa2c012f56de9fbb50", "text": "Dandy A dandy historically , is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance , refined language , and leisurely hobbies , pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self . A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background , especially in late 18th - and early 19th-century Britain . Previous manifestations of the petit-maître ( French for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost , but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s , both in London and in Paris . The dandy cultivated cynical reserve , yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith , himself no dandy , once defined cynicism as `` intellectual dandyism . '' Some took a more benign view ; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than `` a clothes-wearing man '' . Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or ( 1835 ) , a part of La Comédie Humaine , who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy , until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy . Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy , in the later `` metaphysical '' phase of dandyism , as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion , that the dandy 's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class : `` Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism '' and `` These beings have no other status , but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons , of satisfying their passions , of feeling and thinking ... . Dandyism is a form of Romanticism . Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe , dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance . For the perfect dandy , these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind . '' The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century . Given these connotations , dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles , often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values , such as the ideals of `` the perfect gentleman '' or `` the autonomous aristocrat '' . Paradoxically , the dandy required an audience , as Susann Schmid observed in examining the `` successfully marketed lives '' of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron , who exemplify the dandy 's roles in the public sphere , both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal . Nigel Rodgers in The Dandy : Peacock or Enigma ? questions Wilde 's status as a genuine dandy , seeing him as someone who only assumed a dandified stance in passing , not a man dedicated to the exacting ideals of dandyism .", "title": "" } ]	fever
de08f5d41f4d1330c1c7f1cb2ead9cd8	Family Guy has 15 seasons.	[ { "docid": "b6bae111061817be35786c74f832e91a", "text": "Family Guy Family Guy is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series centers on the Griffins , a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois ; their children Meg , Chris , and Stewie ; and their anthropomorphic pet dog Brian . The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog , Rhode Island , and exhibits much of its humor in the form of cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films , The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve . MacFarlane redesigned the films ' protagonist , Larry , and his dog , Steve , and renamed them Peter and Brian , respectively . MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998 , and the show was greenlit and began production . Shortly after the third season of Family Guy had aired in 2002 , Fox canceled the series , with one episode left unaired . Adult Swim burned off the episode in 2003 , finishing the series ' original run . However , favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season , which began airing on May 1 , 2005 . Since its debut on January 31 , 1999 , episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast . Its fifteenth season began on September 25 , 2016 . Family Guy has been nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards , and has won three of each . In 2009 , it was nominated for an Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series , the first time an animated series was nominated for the award since The Flintstones in 1961 . Family Guy has also received criticism , including unfavorable comparisons to The Simpsons . Many tie-in media have been released , including Stewie Griffin : The Untold Story , a straight-to-DVD special released in 2005 ; Family Guy : Live in Vegas , a soundtrack-DVD combo released in 2005 , featuring music from the show as well as original music created by MacFarlane and Walter Murphy ; a video game and pinball machine , released in 2006 and 2007 , respectively ; since 2005 , six books published by Harper Adult based on the Family Guy universe ; and Laugh It Up , Fuzzball : The Family Guy Trilogy ( 2010 ) , a series of parodies of the original Star Wars trilogy . In 2008 , MacFarlane confirmed that the cast was interested in producing a feature film and that he was working on a story for a film adaptation . A spin-off series , The Cleveland Show , featuring Cleveland Brown , aired from September 27 , 2009 , to May 19 , 2013 . `` The Simpsons Guy '' , a crossover episode with The Simpsons , aired on September 28 , 2014 . Family Guy is a joint production by Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Family Guy the ninth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time . Family Guy premiered for a fifteenth season on September 25 , 2016 . A sixteenth season was silently renewed by Fox in May 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "57567ff3004f877a866a6ca947c47fca", "text": "Comedy Playhouse (series 16) The sixteenth series of Comedy Playhouse , the long-running BBC series , aired during 2014 , with only three episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "991be10101e1fb45c30020721887ed53", "text": "Airport '07 `` Airport ' 07 '' is the twelfth episode of season five of the animated sitcom Family Guy . The episode originally broadcast on Fox on March 4 , 2007 . The plot follows the Griffin family 's neighbor Quagmire being dismissed from his job as a pilot after Peter sabotages his airplane by emptying the fuel tank , causing it to crash . Peter , Joe and Cleveland make a plan to get Quagmire his job back and , although the plan itself fails , Quagmire is re-hired . Written by Tom Devanney and directed by John Holmquist , the episode received mostly positive reviews from critics . According to Nielsen ratings , it was watched by 8.59 million households in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances by Barclay DeVeau , Hugh Hefner , Phil LaMarr , Rachael MacFarlane and Fred Tatasciore , along with several recurring guest voice actors from the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77db9058a5c1bc75441bb9d71642bf11", "text": "There's Something About Marrying `` There 's Something About Marrying '' is the tenth episode of the sixteenth season of The Simpsons . In the episode , Springfield legalizes same-sex marriage to increase tourism . After becoming a minister , Homer starts to wed people to make money . Meanwhile , Marge 's sister Patty comes out as a lesbian and reveals that she is going to marry a woman named Veronica . Marge originally disapproves of this , making Patty frustrated . When Marge accidentally discovers that Veronica is a man cross-dressed as a woman , she decides to keep quiet about it knowing that Patty will be marrying a man . However , at the ceremony , she is so moved by Patty 's vow that she is forced to reveal Veronica 's secret . After the ceremony is abruptly cancelled , Marge tells Patty that she now accepts her sexuality . This was the third time that an episode of The Simpsons focused on homosexuality . The episode -- written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Nancy Kruse -- was inspired by the 2004 same-sex weddings that occurred in San Francisco . According to executive producer Al Jean , the staff wanted the episode to explore what the different characters ' stances on same-sex marriage were . Around the time of the episode 's original airdate , February 20 , 2005 , the same-sex marriage question was a hot political issue in the United States and the episode became controversial . `` There 's Something About Marrying '' received a lot of criticism from conservative groups , including the Parents Television Council and the American Family Association , that claimed it was promoting gay marriage . Jean stated in response that the staff was not taking a side on the issue and that they were just examining all sides of it . Positive reaction to the episode came from , among others , the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation and the gay-oriented website AfterEllen.com . During the first airing , 10.5 million people watched `` There 's Something About Marrying '' and it became the highest rated episode of the season . The episode had received a lot of publicity in the media before its broadcast -- not only because of the same-sex marriage controversy but also because of Patty 's outing . It was revealed in July 2004 , that a character would come out as gay in the episode , leading to much speculation from fans and the press . Bookmaker websites were even posting odds on which character it would be , with Patty receiving the best odds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51c385a0f41b16a5ecbbce7da6c9b9f6", "text": "The Giggity Wife `` The Giggity Wife '' is the eleventh episode of the eleventh season and the 199th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It aired on Fox in the United States on January 27 , 2013 , and is written by Andrew Goldberg and directed by Brian Iles . The episode 's plot concerns Quagmire accidentally becoming the husband of a prostitute . He then tries to bring the marriage to an end by pretending to be gay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2c996a0a0546bbae2bda7246b647a5", "text": "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' is the twenty-second episode of Family Guys third season , and the original series finale . It originally aired on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim on November 9 , 2003 , and on Fox on December 10 , 2004 . In the episode , Peter prays for a Jew to help him with his financial woes . After befriending a Jewish accountant , Max Weinstein , and discovering the wonders of their religion , Peter gets the idea of converting Chris to Judaism so he will be successful in life . Lois attempts to stop him , believing that success is not based on religion . `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' was written by Ricky Blitt and directed by Dan Povenmire . The episode was intended to air in 2000 as the beginning of the third season way after production was made years ago , but Fox executives were concerned about its content , believing it could be interpreted as anti-Semitic , and did not allow it to air on television . Due to popular demand , it was instead aired on Adult Swim in 2003 . This episode features guest performances from Andrea Beutener , Mark Hamill , Phil LaMarr , Ed McMahon , Peter Riegert , Mary Scheer , Ben Stein , and Nicole Sullivan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3764e7234bddbc73d71d09c91b8f51e", "text": "List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) . Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01757044222d499fd05350e44fa587f0", "text": "The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ef4aa4782f2041b074d1bfdf2d71560", "text": "Parenthood (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 25 , 2014 and concluded on January 29 , 2015 . The season order consists of 13 episodes . As part of the budget cuts made by NBC so that the series would have a sixth season , none of the main cast members appear in every episode . The season five budget was reportedly $ 3.5 million per episode , but the season six budget was only $ 3 million per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "440af6a9985c48371375783e75073a95", "text": "Meg Stinks! `` Meg Stinks ! '' is the nineteenth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy and the 229th episode overall . It aired on Fox in the United States on May 4 , 2014 , and is written by Danny Smith and directed by Bob Bowen . In the episode , Meg goes for a college interview and becomes the life of a party while Brian encounters a skunk and after getting sprayed , must learn to survive in the wild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bfe8c5032950aa6139b6ea733b2f951", "text": "Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff Family Guy : The Quest for Stuff is a freemium video game for Kindle , iOS , Android , Windows Phone 8 and Windows 8.1 based on the American animated series Family Guy released by Fox Digital Entertainment and developer TinyCo . It allows users to create and run their own version of Quahog using familiar characters and buildings . It features an original story conceived by the show 's writers in which Quahog has been destroyed and it is up to the player to bring it back to its former glory . Some of the show 's main actors , like Seth MacFarlane ( Peter , Stewie , Brian ) , Alex Borstein ( Lois ) , Mila Kunis ( Meg ) , and Seth Green ( Chris ) collaborated with TinyCo for the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebcab7c302a2d62b6679465541d15dd5", "text": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island Total Drama All-Stars and Total Drama : Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth season of the Canadian animated television series , Total Drama . The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012 , ordering 26 episodes . It is a sequel to Total Drama Island , Total Drama Action , Total Drama World Tour , and Total Drama : Revenge of the Island . The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment . Owing to the series ' premise , the season presents itself as a parody of reality television series , such as Survivor . The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10 , 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part , with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7 , 2014 for a two-week time period . In Canada , the first part premiered on Teletoon during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot starting January 9 , 2014 . The second part of the season also premiered during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4 , 2014 . The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96ca54c06c38c4a0ff4e5c2eb62c017e", "text": "Love Thy Trophy `` Love Thy Trophy '' is the fifth episode of the second season of the animated series Family Guy , a holdover from season 1 . It originally aired in the United States on Fox on March 14 , 2000 . In the episode , Peter and his neighbors create an award-winning float at a local parade . The trophy in question quickly becomes the neighbors ' obsession , and they begin fighting when it disappears . Meanwhile , Meg acquires a Prada purse with money from her new job as a waitress . She has falsely claimed that she is a teen mom and that baby Stewie is her neglected son for increased tips , subsequently causing him to be removed from his family and placed in a foster home . The neighbors set aside their differences and recover Stewie , losing Meg 's Prada purse in the process . The end of the episode reveals that Brian buried the trophy due to his natural urge to bury shiny things .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7c0bfc8f20a1c2a5313f9219913939e", "text": "Another Simpsons Clip Show `` Another Simpsons Clip Show '' is the third episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 25 , 1994 . In the episode , Marge reads a romance novel in bed , and it prompts her to have a family meeting , where the Simpson family recall their past loves in form of clips from previous episodes . The episode was written by Jon Vitti ( credited as `` Penny Wise '' ) and directed by David Silverman . It is the second The Simpsons episode featuring a clip show format and uses clips from all the previous five seasons . The episode features cultural references to the 1992 book The Bridges of Madison County and the 1967 film The Graduate . The episode has received rather negative reviews , since clip shows tend to be the least favorite episodes among fans . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.7 and was the fourth highest rated show on the Fox network that week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a25d70ee151fa02d44738ed344fec8f", "text": "The Splendid Source `` The Splendid Source '' is the 19th episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . Directed by Brian Iles and written by Mark Hentemann , the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 16 , 2010 . The episode follows Peter , Joe and Quagmire as they set out on a journey to find the ultimate source of all the world 's dirty jokes . Along the way , the group is reunited with their old friend , Cleveland Brown , while traveling through Stoolbend , Virginia . Their journey becomes much more difficult than expected when they are kidnapped and taken to a remote island . There , they discover a secret society of the world 's greatest geniuses at the center of all the world 's dirty jokes . The plot is based on a short story of the same name written by Richard Matheson and first published in the May 1956 edition of Playboy magazine . The episode was a follow-up to the departure of main character Cleveland Brown , who was removed from Family Guy to become the center of the spin-off The Cleveland Show . Former series writer and cast member Mike Henry returned to the series to provide the voice of Cleveland . The episode also featured the first official crossover between Family Guy and The Cleveland Show , and included cameo appearances by several of The Cleveland Shows main characters . The episode was first announced at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con International . Critical response to the episode was favorable . Critics praised the episode for its original premise , and its under-reliance on cultural references , but criticized the episode 's plot . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.59 million homes in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances by Marc Alaimo , Gary Cole , Ioan Gruffudd , Sanaa Lathan , David Lynch , Kevin Michael Richardson and Wally Wingert , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` The Splendid Source '' was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e9288f71268e1b96a6d41d224fedea", "text": "Into Harmony's Way `` Into Harmony 's Way '' is the seventh episode of the twelfth season and the 217th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on December 8 , 2013 , and is written by Julius Sharpe and directed by Brian Iles . This episode is notable for being the first of the series where Brian Griffin is absent ( as a result of his death in the previous episode , `` Life of Brian '' ) . He was replaced by Vinny in the episode and in the credits . This episode continues a three-episode arc depicting Brian 's death , replacement and resurrection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205", "text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "444eb78ccdc44c93ebb1f2e8efe2965f", "text": "Friends of Peter G. `` Friends of Peter G. '' is the tenth episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It aired on Fox in the United States on February 13 , 2011 . The episode follows Peter and Brian as they are forced to join Alcoholics Anonymous , due to their excessive drinking , much to their chagrin . Soon , however , Peter crashes his car while driving home drunk , and is approached by Death , who shows him what his life will be like if he continues to drink alcohol , as well if he had never drunk at all . The episode was written by Brian Scully and directed John Holmquist . It received mostly mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 5.99 million homes in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances by H. Jon Benjamin , Adam Carolla , Carrie Fisher , Phil LaMarr , Jessica Stroup and Laura Vandervoort , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . It was first announced at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9bc4e7b318ba059ed4bbb4e1920ff68c	Boston's Boston Common was the first public park in the United States.	[ { "docid": "09bb6d64d0e433e3416dbeeed68f351e", "text": "Boston Boston ( pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States . One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School ( 1635 ) , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway ( 1897 ) , and first public park , Boston Common ( 1634 ) . The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups . Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities . Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment . The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "693b9fa6a8a4f52652b153812b5d6fbd", "text": "State Street Block (Boston) State Street Block ( built 1857 ) is a granite building near the waterfront in the Financial District of Boston , Massachusetts . Architect Gridley James Fox Bryant designed it . In the 1850s `` the Long and Central Wharf Corporation ... sold each bay to individual owners , requiring that ` the granite to be used for the sidewalk & facade of each bay must be purchased from the Corporation & erected according to the architect 's plan . ' '' Walt Whitman visited Boston in 1860 , and wrote about what he saw : `` Noblest of all State Street Block , east of the Custom House , rough granite . The above probably one of the finest pieces of com -LSB- merical -RSB- architecture in the world . '' Another visitor travelling through Boston ( in 1859 ) called it `` a magnificent block . '' In the mid-20th century , `` nearly three-quarters of the original 22-bay building ... was amputated for construction of the Central Artery ... and the roofline of the remainder has been destroyed . '' The surviving portion of the block was added as part of the Custom House District to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c3f0ddde6e232cf6167be39470f3273", "text": "Boston Aquarial Gardens __ NOTOC __ The Boston Aquarial Gardens ( 1859-1860 ) was a public aquarium in Boston , Massachusetts , established by James Ambrose Cutting and Henry D Butler . The `` conservatories -LSB- were -RSB- filled with rare marine animals imported and collected exclusively for this establishment ; ... a perfect and striking illustration of life beneath the waters . '' The business was located on Bromfield Street in the Financial District . In 1860 it moved to a new facility nearby , on Central Court , off Washington Street , and re-opened as the Boston Aquarial and Zoological Gardens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99198a9b264aaf5a53026000e9bd9bce", "text": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution The First Amendment ( Amendment I ) to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion , ensuring that there is no prohibition on the free exercise of religion , abridging the freedom of speech , infringing on the freedom of the press , interfering with the right to peaceably assemble , or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances . It was adopted on December 15 , 1791 , as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights . The Bill of Rights was originally proposed to assuage Anti-Federalist opposition to Constitutional ratification . Initially , the First Amendment applied only to laws enacted by the Congress , and many of its provisions were interpreted more narrowly than they are today . Beginning with Gitlow v. New York ( 1925 ) , the Supreme Court applied the First Amendment to states -- a process known as incorporation -- through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment . In Everson v. Board of Education ( 1947 ) , the Court drew on Thomas Jefferson 's correspondence to call for `` a wall of separation between church and State '' , though the precise boundary of this separation remains in dispute . Speech rights were expanded significantly in a series of 20th and 21st-century court decisions which protected various forms of political speech , anonymous speech , campaign financing , pornography , and school speech ; these rulings also defined a series of exceptions to First Amendment protections . The Supreme Court overturned English common law precedent to increase the burden of proof for defamation and libel suits , most notably in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan ( 1964 ) . Commercial speech , however , is less protected by the First Amendment than political speech , and is therefore subject to greater regulation . The Free Press Clause protects publication of information and opinions , and applies to a wide variety of media . In Near v. Minnesota ( 1931 ) and New York Times v. United States ( 1971 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment protected against prior restraint -- pre-publication censorship -- in almost all cases . The Petition Clause protects the right to petition all branches and agencies of government for action . In addition to the right of assembly guaranteed by this clause , the Court has also ruled that the amendment implicitly protects freedom of association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b53ead2bf20a0343eeb864c53b975e5e", "text": "Boston Lyceum The Boston Lyceum ( est. 1829 ) of Boston , Massachusetts was a civic association dedicated to popular education in the form of `` lectures , discussions , ... declamation , '' and writing contests . It began `` in Chauncy Hall on 25 June 1829 . On 13 August 1829 it formed its classes and made provisions for lectures and debates . '' Annual members ' `` exhibitions '' of elocution took place in various venues around town , such as the Masonic Temple ( 1832 ) , Tremont Hall ( 1839 ) and the Odeon ( 1840 ) . Leaders included George Bancroft , Timothy Claxton , James T. Fields , Abbott Lawrence , William H. Prescott , William D. Ticknor , and Amasa Walker . Among the many lecturers : Nehemiah Adams , J.A. Bolles , David Paul Brown , Rufus Choate , William M. Cornell , C.C. Emerson , James Pollard Espy , Edward Everett , Dr. Grigg , George S. Hillard , Oliver Wendell Holmes , Dr. C.T. Jackson , N. Jones , Rev. John Pierpont , Edgar Allan Poe , John Osborne Sargent , William H. Simmons , Charles Sumner , B.B. Thatcher , Henry Theodore Tuckerman , Amasa Walker , and E.M.P. Wells .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14ed6d47ecb49b8930e40c09bf02f88e", "text": "Black Heritage Trail The Black Heritage Trail is a path in Boston , Massachusetts , winding through the Beacon Hill neighborhood and sites important in American black history . The Black Heritage Trail links more than 15 pre-Civil War structures and historic sites , including the 1806 African Meeting House , the oldest surviving black church in the United States . In 1783 , Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to declare slavery illegal -- mostly out of gratitude for black participation in the American Revolutionary War . Subsequently , a sizable community of free blacks and escaped slaves developed in Boston , settling on the north face of Beacon Hill , and in the North End . With a strong abolitionist community , Boston was long considered a desirable destination for southern black slaves escaping slavery via the Underground Railroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d36c2b595c80c5806016373267c78fa", "text": "Common Historic District (Reading, Massachusetts) The Common Historic District is a historic district encompassing the civic and institutional heart of Reading , Massachusetts . The district is centered on the town common , at the intersection of Main and Salem Streets . The common has been communally owned since at least 1737 , with the original burying ground ( expanded in the 19th century , and now known as Laurel Hill Cemetery ) to the north . In 1769 the area 's first meeting house ( church and civic building ) was built , giving the area a sense of identity separate from portions of Reading that would later be set off as Wakefield and North Reading . Since then the area has become a focal point for religious and civic institutions in the town . The most prominent feature of the district is the First Congregational Church , a 1913 replica of an 1817 church designed by Asher Benjamin that was destroyed by fire . The other church in the district is the stone Gothic Revival Christian Science Church on the west side of the common . The west side also includes the major municipal buildings : the library and town hall are brick Georgian Revival buildings dating to the early 20th century , as does the similarly-styled old high school building . There are also a few houses in the district , although a number of the older houses originally within its boundaries were moved to make way for some of the municipal buildings . One of the older houses is the 1817 Federal style house and shop of Thomas Pratt , located at the northeastern corner of the district . There is a row of 19th-century houses along Harnden and Salem Streets on the east side of the district . The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f197fce1ee649d9ca52c3981eb46613", "text": "Expeditions and the protection of Yellowstone (1869–1890) This list summarizes the major expeditions to the Yellowstone region that led to the creation of the park and contributed to the protection of the park and its resources between 1869 and 1890 . When President Ulysses S. Grant created Yellowstone National Park with the signing of the Act of Dedication , March 1 , 1872 , it was the result of three major expeditions into the region , expeditions that brought the wonders of Yellowstone into public view . Prior to 1869 , the Yellowstone region -- its rivers , waterfalls , lakes , mountains , valleys and geothermal features were essentially part of an unknown and unexplored territory . Even after the creation of the park , the region remained largely unexplored and its resources unprotected for over a decade until the U.S. Army assumed management of the park in 1886 . Even after the U.S. Army took control , legal protection of the park 's resources was limited . From 1869 until 1890 , a number of notable expeditions contributed not only to the creation of the park , but to a broader public , social and scientific understanding of the park , its resources and wonders . This understanding ultimately led Congress and the Federal Government to adopt much stronger laws to protect the park and its resources culminating in the Lacey Act of 1894 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f67764d4fa1e59e8e10d11db0c25e936", "text": "City Parks Foundation The City Parks Foundation is the only independent , nonprofit organization to offer programs in parks throughout the five boroughs of New York City . The organization works in over 750 parks citywide , presenting a broad range of free arts , sports , and education programs . Founded in 1989 , it is one of the oldest and largest citywide parks organizations in the country . Programs offered by City Parks Foundation include free performing arts festivals such as Central Park SummerStage and the Charlie Parker Jazz Festival , which take place annually each summer in parks across all five boroughs of New York City . Sports programs include free instruction for city youth with CityParks Tennis , CityParks Golf , CityParks Track & Field , and the first of its kind , Junior Golf Center located adjacent to the Dyker Beach Public Golf Course in Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , and CityParks Seniors Fitness . CityParks Education offers several educational programs turning parks into classrooms , reaching over 7,000 students and community members and 500 teachers each year . Programs include Coastal Classroom , Green Girls , CityParks Productions , Learning Gardens , and Seeds to Trees . In addition , City Parks Foundation partners with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to offer Partnerships for Parks , an organization that supports the activity of over 60,000 volunteers in parks each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e9cc2165cb78bc2284db830120611e0", "text": "Poets' Walk Park Poets ' Walk is located in Red Hook , New York , United States on the scenic River Road ( just north of the Kingston-Rhinecliff bridge ) . It is a `` romantic landscape '' , intended to celebrate the connection between landscape and poetry . The classic wooden vistas , sunlit fields and thick forest were the main focus of landscape architect Hans Jacob Ehlers ' vision for the property in 1849 . The park 's mown and gravel paths are variously lined with wooden hand-crafted benches , and provide access to the 120 acre of fields and forest , as well as spectacular river views . The park 's walls of foliage and stone evoke outdoor `` rooms '' that reflect the 1849 landscape aims of Ehlers . The distance from the Information Arbor at the beginning of the path to the Overlook Pavilion is about half a mile , and at a leisurely pace takes the average walker about 15 minutes . The return trip is slightly uphill and a bit longer . From the Pavilion to the Summerhouse ( via the Poets ' Walk Path ) is an additional 20 minutes ( one way ) , and from the Pavilion to the Flagpole is also 20 minutes ( one way ) . The park has been visited by Fitz-Greene Halleck ( 1790 -- 1867 ) and many literary contemporaries , including Washington Irving ( 1783 -- 1859 ) and William Cullen Bryant ( 1794 -- 1878 ) and Jack Kerouac ( 1922-1969 ) . Today , the visual integrity of the Park and its setting is protected by The Scenic Hudson Land Trust 's conservation easements on the surrounding 800 acre . The park is open from 9am until dusk ( 6pm in winter , 8pm during summer ) , and all visitors are expected to clean up after their pets and themselves : all trash brought in must be brought out , seeing as there are no trash receptacles along the walkway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a00c2a1e5f0f5406ffc4022aff3c45e3", "text": "Boylston Street Boylston Street is the name of a major east-west thoroughfare in the city of Boston , Massachusetts . The Boston street was known as Frog Lane in the early 18th century and was later known as Common Street . It was later again renamed for Ward Nicholas Boylston ( 1747 -- 1828 ) , a man of wealth and refinement , an officer of the Crown , and philanthropist . Boylston , who was a descendent of Zabdiel Boylston , was born in Boston and spent much of his life in it . The Boylston Market was named after him as was the town of Boylston , Massachusetts . Another Boylston Street runs through Boston 's western suburbs , Newton and Brookline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d61c062525438edb667ddc0ca34368", "text": "Washington Square Park Washington Square Park is a 9.75 acre public park in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan , New York City . One of the best known of New York City 's 1,900 public parks , it is a landmark as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity . It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation . The Park is an open space , dominated by the Washington Square Arch at the northern gateway to the park , with a tradition of celebrating nonconformity . The Park 's fountain area has long been one of the city 's popular spots for residents and tourists . Most of the buildings surrounding the park now belong to New York University , but many have at one time served as homes and studios for artists . Some of the buildings have been built by NYU while others have been converted from their former uses into academic and residential buildings . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "463112a6f1e78cfea67635628f0c0991", "text": "Faneuil Hall Faneuil Hall ( -LSB- ˈfænjəl -RSB- or -LSB- ˈfænəl -RSB- previously -LSB- ˈfʌnəl -RSB- ) , located near the waterfront and today 's Government Center , in Boston , Massachusetts , has been a marketplace and a meeting hall since 1743 . It was the site of several speeches by Samuel Adams , James Otis , and others encouraging independence from Great Britain . Now it is part of Boston National Historical Park and a well-known stop on the Freedom Trail . It is sometimes referred to as `` the Cradle of Liberty '' . In 2008 , Faneuil Hall was rated number 4 in America 's 25 Most Visited Tourist Sites by Forbes Traveler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ada046d5fa21a4259f0513cf4a0bc2ef", "text": "Harvard Center Historic District The Harvard Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the traditional village center of Harvard , Massachusetts , USA . The district is centered on the town common , a triangular grassy space bounded by Elm Street , Still River Road , and Ayer Road . The common is ringed by residences , civic and religious buildings , and a small commercial area . The common was laid out when the town was founded in 1732 , and has grown , mainly in periods of growth at the late 18th and late 19th/early 20th centuries . Most of the village 's buildings post-date 1831 . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a6dbf9fa7f29b4b36747b709e32b482", "text": "Boston (disambiguation) Boston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts . Boston may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e52a70803429b513b445be7fb6c0a8f4", "text": "Boston Post Road Historic District (Rye, New York) The Boston Post Road Historic District is an historic district that includes three pre-Civil War mansions and their grounds , a 10,000-year-old Paleo-Indian meadow and viewshed , a cemetery , and a nature preserve . It touches on the south side of the nation 's oldest road , the Boston Post Road ( US 1 ) in Rye , New York , where a sandstone Westchester Turnpike marker `` 24 '' , inspired by Benjamin Franklin 's original mile marker system , is set into the perimeter wall . From there the landmarked area of 286 acre expands down to the Milton Harbor of the Long Island Sound . Two of the mansions included in the landmark district are Greek Revival ; the third is Gothic Revival and was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis . This site , with its archaeological significance and importance to American heritage , was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1993 . The 3/4 mile meadow and viewshed is one of fewer than a dozen such identified Paleo-Indian sites in all of New York State . Included within the district are the following historic structures , associated buildings , and grounds : The 1838 Peter Augustus Jay House , now being restored by the not-for-profit Jay Heritage Center , is one of two Greek Revival residences . It is situated on the Jay Property , the boyhood home of American Founding Father John Jay . The existing house was built upon the footprint of an older 18th-century farmhouse , `` The Locusts '' , and replaced with the current mansion by John Jay 's eldest son , Peter Augustus Jay . The mansion was erected according to specifications in a contract between Jay and a builder named Edwin Bishop , and details appear to have been drawn from architectural pattern books by Minard Lafever and Chester Hills . Restoration of the house is an official Save America 's Treasures project . The site is on the Westchester County African American Heritage Trail and was designated a member site of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area in January 2009 . The house and property are open to the public . 1907 Van Norden Carriage House ( designed by Frank A. Rooke ) 1907 Zebra House ( designed by Frank A. Rooke ) Tennis House ( 1917 or earlier ) Estate Cottage on Barlow Lane ( 19th century or earlier ) Summer House ( 1957-8 , non-contributing ) Estate Cottage B ( demolished ) Bowling Alley ( demolished ) Four outbuildings ( demolished ) Gazebo ( demolished ) Gardens designed by Jay family , Brinley & Holbrook and others ; includes stone ha-ha walls ( 1822 ) . Lounsberry ( 1831 ) , also known as the Parsons House , is a second Greek Revival residence in the district ; notably it has a library designed by Delano & Aldrich Gardener 's Cottage Carriage House and Stable Outbuilding with five bays Poultry and Wood House Greenhouse Whitby Castle ( 1854 ) , Gothic Revival residence , which is now the City of Rye Golf Club . This was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis for William Chapman Caretaker 's house Pool house and golf cart garage ( non-contributing ) Starter 's House ( non-contributing ) Maintenance building ( non-contributing ) Also included are : Jay Family Cemetery ( 1805 , 3 acre ) Marshlands Conservancy ( created in 1967 ; formerly part of the original Jay family estate , 137 acre )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d2b3b05df919f5c506940bf8a7f6dc", "text": "Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec0893180c4d31225c6e2eb25ad206", "text": "Colburn Park Historic District The Colburn Park Historic District encompasses the heart of Lebanon , New Hampshire . It consists of Colburn Park , a large rectangular park in the center of the city , the buildings that are arrayed around it , and several 19th century buildings that are immediately adjacent to those . The district covers 12 acre , and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 . Colburn Park is located a short way south and east of the Mascoma River , whose generally east-west route is interrupted by a semicircular bend to the north , within which lies the center of Lebanon . The park 's origin is in 1792 , when the land was donated by Robert Colburn as the site of the community 's meeting house ( church and town hall ) . Arterial roads were built to the area , and it began to develop as a commercial and civic center in the early 19th century . The Greek Revival First Congregational Church , designed by Ammi Burnham Young , was built in 1828 , and a few early houses survive . The meeting house was moved in 1849 to the present location of City Hall . Lebanon 's central business district was struck by devastating fire in 1887 , in which more than 80 buildings were destroyed . This did not directly affect the area around the park , but Lebanon 's population continued to grow , and the business district expanded , resulting in the relocation of houses around the park , and the construction of a number of Victorian buildings around its perimeter . After the 1923 destruction by fire of the town hall , the area acquired a somewhat unified late-19th to early-20th century commercial and civic architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6498ae78a6311cd49e358a4dadc1a26f", "text": "Parks in Chicago Parks in Chicago include open spaces and facilities , developed and managed by the Chicago Park District . The City of Chicago devotes 8.5 % of its total land acreage to parkland , which ranked it 13th among high-density population cities in the United States in 2012 . Since the 1830s , the official motto of Chicago has been Urbs in horto , Latin for `` City in a garden '' for its commitment to parkland . In addition to serving residents , a number of these parks also double as tourist destinations , most notably Lincoln Park , Chicago 's largest park , visited by over 20 million people each year , is one of the most visited parks in the United States . Notable architects , artists and landscape architects have contributed to the 570 parks , including Daniel Burnham , Frederick Law Olmsted , Jens Jensen , Frank Gehry , and Lorado Taft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643dd0498641b65f3134c2f1dff5e7ea", "text": "Monroe Park Monroe Park is a 7.5 acre landscaped park located 1 mi northwest of the Virginia State Capitol Building in Richmond , Virginia . It is named after James Monroe , the fifth President of the United States ( 1817 -- 1825 ) . The park unofficially demarcates the eastern `` point '' of the Fan District and is considered to be Richmond 's oldest park . Monroe Park is pentagonal in shape , with an arrangement of paved paths among lawns and mature deciduous trees , intersecting at a cast iron fountain in the center of the area . This Victorian park is currently in the planning process of a historically sensitive , extensive renovation . The `` Monroe Park Advisory Council '' , an organization constituted by Richmond City Councilman William Pantele in 2003 , in partnership with the Richmond Department of Parks , Recreation and Commununity Facilities and Richmond 's Department of Community Development are leading the renovation initiative .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c4fa13223ec3e93817eee065b0347823	The British-American action comedy film Baby Driver was released in 2017.	[ { "docid": "22537c7a86cc33336310f82156fd5d39", "text": "Baby Driver Baby Driver is a 2017 British -- American action comedy film written and directed by Edgar Wright , and starring Ansel Elgort , Kevin Spacey , Lily James , Jon Bernthal , Eiza González , Jon Hamm and Jamie Foxx . The film follows a young getaway driver ( played by Elgort ) who is reluctantly coerced to work for a veteran kingpin ( played by Spacey ) at `` one last job '' in exchange to start a better life . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2017 and is scheduled to be released theatrically on June 28 , 2017 , by TriStar Pictures .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "85f4c787f6f6f4f7d05688d732622ad7", "text": "Drive-In (film) Drive-In is a 1976 American comedy film directed by Rod Amateau and written by Bob Peete . The film stars Lisa Lemole , Gary Lee Cavagnaro , Glenn Morshower , Billy Milliken , Lee Newsom and Regan Kee . The film was released on May 26 , 1976 , by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67579ba986a716ae04d5c67dfbb73acb", "text": "Dog Eat Dog (2001 film) Dog Eat Dog is a 2001 British sex comedy film , directed by Moody Shoaibi and written by Moody Shoaibi and Mark Tonderai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d58209d4cf518d35b541ed512730e5", "text": "Paddington (film) Paddington is a 2014 British-French family comedy film directed by Paul King , written by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman . Based on Paddington Bear by Michael Bond , the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character , along with Hugh Bonneville , Sally Hawkins , Julie Walters , Jim Broadbent , Peter Capaldi and Nicole Kidman in live-action roles . The film was co-produced by the French company StudioCanal and the British company Heyday Films . It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2014 and grossed $ 265.3 million worldwide on a $ 38.5 million budget . Among several honours , King was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and both he and Heyman were nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film . A sequel , Paddington 2 , is scheduled to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bf87cce54f5778d336352a0580eb924", "text": "Bastille Day (film) Bastille Day ( released as The Take in North America and on international home release ) is a 2016 action film directed and co-written by James Watkins . It is a Luxembourgian , French and American venture produced by Anonymous Content , Vendôme Pictures , TF1 Films Production and StudioCanal . The film stars Idris Elba , Richard Madden , Charlotte Le Bon , Eriq Ebouaney and José Garcia . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2016 and 13 July 2016 in France , and on 18 November 2016 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4463afcf4566f14a319ad7292885138b", "text": "Paul Swift (driver) Paul Swift is a British driver who is best known for autotesting , precision driving and his involvement in live action arenas at motor shows including the UK Motorshow and Top Gear Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57aebe527772837b434bfacadabdf7cb", "text": "Red Nose Day Actually Red Nose Day Actually is a 2017 British romantic comedy television short film , acting as both a sequel to the 2003 feature film Love Actually , and a part of the fund-raising event Red Nose Day 2017 . Love Actually writer and director Richard Curtis returns alongside cast members Hugh Grant , Liam Neeson , Colin Firth , Andrew Lincoln , Chiwetel Ejiofor , Keira Knightley , Martine McCutcheon , Bill Nighy , Thomas Brodie-Sangster , Lúcia Moniz , Olivia Olson , Marcus Brigstocke , and Rowan Atkinson . The film was first broadcast on BBC on March 24 , 2017 as a part of Red Nose Day . A longer version of the film , featuring Laura Linney reprising her role and Patrick Dempsey , was broadcast in US on May 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbf36d1192f2405c5a95db8f56ad8b7", "text": "Adult Life Skills Adult Life Skills ( formerly known as ` How To Live Yours ' ) is a 2016 British comedy film , funded by Creative England , and is the feature debut for writer director Rachel Tunnard . It is the feature-length version of BAFTA nominated short , Emotional Fusebox , which premiered at the London Film Festival in 2014 . The story of a 29-year-old , Anna ( portrayed by Jodie Whittaker ) has moved into her mum 's shed and is refusing to move out after the death of her twin brother . The film premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival in April 2016 , winning one of the top awards - the Nora Ephron prize for best female director . The film releases in UK cinemas on 24 June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8dd8efb193f5d8a5c1f550dca106011", "text": "Mother! Mother ! ( stylized as mother ! ) is an upcoming American black comedy psychological thriller film , written and directed by Darren Aronofsky . It stars Jennifer Lawrence , Javier Bardem , Michelle Pfeiffer , Domhnall Gleeson , Ed Harris and Kristen Wiig . Paramount Pictures plans to release the film on October 13 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53adfd845d2f64728dbb43af67e827db", "text": "Ali's Wedding Ali 's Wedding is an upcoming 2017 Australian romantic comedy feature film from Matchbox Pictures . It is directed by Jeffrey Walker and written by Osamah Sami and Andrew Knight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3622124696157fe9f42ad285e29b1431", "text": "Daddy's Home 2 Daddy 's Home 2 is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Sean Anders , from a screenplay by Anders and John Morris . It stars Will Ferrell , Mark Wahlberg , Linda Cardellini , John Cena , John Lithgow and Mel Gibson . It is a sequel to the 2015 film Daddy 's Home . It is scheduled to be released on November 10 , 2017 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8144600798a5f4b37fba6ba72f471c4", "text": "28 Weeks Later 28 Weeks Later is a 2007 British science fiction horror film , structured as a sequel to the critically and commercially successful 2002 film 28 Days Later . 28 Weeks Later was co-written and directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo , with Danny Boyle and Alex Garland , director and writer of 28 Days Later respectively , now acting as executive producers . It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on 11 May 2007 . The plot depicts the efforts of NATO military forces to salvage a safe zone in London following the events in 28 Days Later , the consequence of two young siblings breaking protocol to find their infected mother , and the resulting reintroduction of the highly contagious virus to the safe zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f82d8cf10edd3da64c8b6434c98889ca", "text": "2017 Ginetta GT4 Supercup The 2017 Michelin Ginetta GT4 Supercup is a multi-event , one make GT motor racing championship held across England and Scotland . The championship features a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded drivers , competing in Ginetta G55s that conform to the technical regulations for the championship . It forms part of the extensive program of support categories built up around the BTCC centrepiece . It is the seventh Ginetta GT4 Supercup , having rebranded from the Ginetta G50 Cup , which ran between 2008 and 2010 . The season commenced on 2 April at Brands Hatch -- on the circuit 's Indy configuration -- and concludes on 2 October at the same venue , utilising the Grand Prix circuit , after twenty-two races held at eight meetings , all in support of the 2017 British Touring Car Championship season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c97cfb845c1f466d300a36c0b54caa0", "text": "Precious Cargo (film) Precious Cargo is a 2016 Canadian action film directed by Max Adams , co-written by Adams and Paul V. Seetachitt , and starring Mark-Paul Gosselaar and Bruce Willis , alongside a supporting cast featuring Claire Forlani , John Brotherton , Lydia Hull , and Daniel Bernhardt . The film was released on April 22 , 2016 , by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ebd0392276574d940e2d2de1ae1fae", "text": "The Hitman's Bodyguard The Hitman 's Bodyguard is an upcoming American action comedy film directed by Patrick Hughes and written by Tom O'Connor . The film stars Ryan Reynolds , Samuel L. Jackson , Gary Oldman , Élodie Yung and Salma Hayek . The plot follows a bodyguard who is hired to protect a hitman who has to testify at the International Court of Justice . It is scheduled to be released in the United States on August 18 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
358b8a908aacc65f957d3bfe8f122945	Will Ferrell only worked on CBS.	[ { "docid": "a7a20829c635571e4748e3ae41753693", "text": "Will Ferrell John William Ferrell ( -LSB- ˈfɛrəl -RSB- born July 16 , 1967 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , and writer . He first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live , and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , Talladega Nights ( 2006 ) , Step Brothers ( 2008 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) , all but one of which he co-wrote with his comedy partner Adam McKay . The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 . Other films roles include Elf , Old School ( both 2003 ) , Blades of Glory ( 2007 ) , and the animated films Megamind ( 2010 ) and The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) . Ferrell is considered a member of the `` Frat Pack '' , a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s , including Jack Black , Ben Stiller , Steve Carell , Vince Vaughn , and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson . He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live , and two Golden Globe Award nominations for The Producers ( 2005 ) and Stranger than Fiction ( 2006 ) . He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards . Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 26 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eda7e1e0026fe0afde8e5690b0b35b2", "text": "List of television series produced by Paramount Television This is a list of television show series produced by Paramount Television , once the television division of U.S. film studio Paramount Pictures , and by related firms like Desilu Productions , which Paramount acquired . Following Viacom 's split into ( new ) Viacom and CBS Corporation , these shows , except for Here 's Lucy and The Brady Bunch Hour , are now owned by CBS Corporation 's CBS Television Studios ( via CBS Studios , Inc. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfd7370621cc2eb6510be1d2d4fa19ac", "text": "WLOX WLOX is the combined ABC and CBS-affiliated television station for the Mississippi Gulf Coast that is licensed to Biloxi . It broadcasts a high definition digital signal on UHF channel 39 ( or virtual channel 13.1 via PSIP ) from a transmitter in unincorporated southern Stone County near McHenry . The station can also be seen on Cable ONE channel 13 as ABC and channel 10 as CBS and in high definition on digital channel 1013 as ABC and high definition on digital channel 1010 as CBS . Owned by Raycom Media , WLOX has studios on DeBuys Road in Biloxi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acf74ed59402f4e0c20fb4b75d5bc5be", "text": "WNAO-TV WNAO was a North Carolina television station that was on the air from 1953 to 1957 In July 1952 , Sir Walter Television Co. applied for WETV , a TV station to serve the Raleigh-Durham TV market . The company considered Winston-Salem , North Carolina , Roanoke , Virginia and even Durham , but selected Raleigh due to the number of colleges in the area , qualified personalities , and Reynolds Coliseum , as well as the people 's strong desire for a TV station . In October , the Federal Communications Commission approved the request . On February 13 , 1953 , Sir Walter completed the purchase of WNAO radio ( 850 AM , now WPTK ; and 96.1 FM , now WBBB ) from the owners of The News & Observer . The expected sign-on date was April 27 , but the new station experienced numerous delays in getting transmitter equipment . On July 12 , 1953 at 5:25 p.m. , WNAO-TV began broadcasting on channel 28 as the Triangle 's first television station ( fourteen months before WTVD debuted ) and the state 's first-ever UHF station . WNAO was a CBS affiliate , and had secondary affiliations with ABC , NBC , and the DuMont network . However , television manufacturers were not required to include UHF tuning capability on their sets at the time . Until the FCC required all-channel tuning in 1964 , UHF stations were unviewable without a converter . Even with one , the picture was barely viewable . With WRAL-TV ( channel 5 ) signing on in late 1956 with an NBC affiliation , WNAO-TV was dealt another blow . The station had struggled for viewership for much of its brief existence , and the presence of a new station simply made the situation worse . Channel 28 shut down at the end of 1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f87c69d651ccfe863d5c6c61e648d7", "text": "CBS Evening News The CBS Evening News is the flagship evening television news program of CBS News , the news division of the CBS television network in the United States . The program has been broadcast since May 3 , 1948 under the original title CBS Television News , eventually adopting its current title in 1963 . From June 6 , 2011 to May 30 , 2017 , the weekday editions of the program were anchored by Scott Pelley . As of May 31 , 2017 , the program is anchored by Anthony Mason on an interim basis . Previous anchors have included Douglas Edwards , Walter Cronkite , Dan Rather , Connie Chung , Bob Schieffer , and Katie Couric . Weekend editions of the CBS Evening News weekends began in February 1966 . On May 2 , 2016 , CBS announced that the weekend editions would be rebranded , effective May 7 , as the CBS Weekend News , whose Saturday and Sunday editions are anchored by Reena Ninan and Elaine Quijano respectively . The weekend editions draw from the resources of CBSN , the digital news channel where Ninan and Quijano also serve as anchors . The CBS Evening News airs live at 6:30 pm in the Eastern and 5:30 pm in the Central Time Zones , and are tape delayed for the Mountain Time Zone . A separate `` Western Edition '' , featuring updated segments to provide coverage of breaking news stories , airs pre-recorded at 5:30 pm in the Pacific Time Zone and on tape delay in the Alaska and Hawaii -- Aleutian Time Zones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7044d9004fee2d892b3dade3c4e49d11", "text": "Wild Oats (TV series) Wild Oats is an American television sitcom that aired Sunday at 9:30 on Fox in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a29b400ebcd44c0e3d67169ec15e4a8", "text": "Throb Throb is an American sitcom that aired in syndication from September 6 , 1986 to May 21 , 1988 . The series , created by Fredi Towbin , was produced by Procter & Gamble Productions in association with Taft Entertainment Television , and was distributed by Worldvision Enterprises . The series ' rights are currently held by CBS Television Distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "050d1f6c28641876a084718dd67c82ce", "text": "The Bold Ones The Bold Ones is the umbrella title for several television series . It was produced by Universal Television and broadcast on NBC from 1969 to 1973 . It was a wheel format series , an NBC programming approach also used by that network in series such as The Name of the Game and the NBC Mystery Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e84ed3170de25ad61e8c33444a56f496", "text": "30 Minutes (TV series) 30 Minutes is an American educational news magazine television series that aired on CBS on Saturdays from 1978 to 1982 following its Saturday morning cartoon lineup . Patterned after 60 Minutes , its topics ranged from acne and rock bands to the Ku Klux Klan and juvenile defendants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21096d80f5273fd1f18a57e5dd89a7e", "text": "Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns . Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams . Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69a7bf9c87033bfdf3860992896c822d", "text": "List of The Newsroom episodes The Newsroom is an American television drama series created by Aaron Sorkin , which premiered on the premium cable network HBO on June 24 , 2012 . The series concluded on December 14 , 2014 , and consists of 25 episodes over three seasons . Jeff Daniels stars as Atlantis Cable News anchor Will McAvoy , who takes a mandatory leave of absence after a public tirade about America 's shortcomings during a political debate . Upon his return , he discovers that most of his staff have quit . Seeing an opportunity to return to the glory days of televised news instead of ratings-driven infotainment , his boss Charlie Skinner ( Sam Waterston ) has hired Will 's ex-girlfriend MacKenzie McHale ( Emily Mortimer ) as the new executive producer . McHale shares Skinner 's vision of TV news , and she and Will immediately butt heads . The series is executive produced by Aaron Sorkin , Scott Rudin , and Alan Poul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd8301ae412a918c4bc93dd1b35274e", "text": "Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f4bcfa89c0f161bcb54eb662d718983", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Murphy Brown Murphy Brown is an American television sitcom created by Diane English and produced by Shukovsky English Entertainment and Warner Bros. . Television . The series revolves around the titualar character ( Candice Bergen ) , a famous investigative journalist and news anchor for FYI , a fictional CBS television news series . Murphy Brown aired on CBS from November 14 , 1988 to May 18 , 1998 , broadcasting 247 episodes over ten seasons during its initial run . During the series ' run , Murphy Brown received nominations for a variety of industry awards , including 62 Emmy awards ( with 18 wins ) , 15 Golden Globe awards ( with three wins ) , three Screen Actors Guild awards , 4 TCA awards ( with two wins ) , 5 Directors Guild of America awards ( with two wins ) and 4 Writers Guild of America awards ( with two wins ) . Candice Bergen , for her portrayal of Murphy Brown , received the most individual awards and nominations , winning 5 Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe award . Several other actors and crew members in the series received many awards and nominations , including Faith Ford , Grant Shaud , Jay Thomas , Barnet Kellman and Tucker Wiard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "760582752c79118dea339d9724f2f634", "text": "The Great Indoors (TV series) The Great Indoors was an American sitcom television series starring Joel McHale that aired on CBS from October 27 , 2016 to May 8 , 2017 . The network placed a pilot order on January 29 and a series order on May 13 , 2016 . The series premiered in the 2016 -- 17 United States network television schedule and aired at 8:30 pm . On November 14 , 2016 , CBS picked up the series for a full season of 19 episodes . An additional three episodes were added on January 6 , 2017 , for a 22 episode season . On May 13 , 2017 , CBS canceled the series after one season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea668b39573a26fb742ca332caefbea", "text": "Climax! Climax ! ( later known as Climax Mystery Theater ) is an American television anthology series that aired on CBS from 1954 to 1958 . The series was hosted by William Lundigan and later co-hosted by Mary Costa . It was one of the few CBS programs of that era to be broadcast in color ( using the massive TK-40A color cameras pioneered and manufactured by RCA , and used primarily by CBS ' arch-rival network , NBC ) . Many of the episodes were performed and broadcast live , and although the series was transmitted in color , only black-and-white kinescope copies of some episodes survive to the present day . The series finished at # 22 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1955-1956 season and # 26 for 1956-1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f58197d17b2aef325827f21095ea646", "text": "20th Television Twentieth Television ( or 20TV , stylized as 20th Television ) is an American television syndication studio and the syndication arm of 20th Century Fox Television itself a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07ce6bf84f94beb2ae8be8424683420a", "text": "CBS Sports Network CBS Sports Network is an American digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by the CBS Corporation . When it launched in 2002 as the National College Sports Network ( later College Sports Television also known as CSTV ) , it operated as a multi-platform media brand which also included its primary website , collegesports.com , and a network of websites operated for the athletic departments of 215 colleges and universities . After CSTV was acquired by CBS in 2008 , the network was re-branded as the CBS College Sports Network . The network initially maintained its college sports focus , but in February 2011 , the service was re-branded as CBS Sports Network to re-position it as a mainstream sports service . The network continues to have a particular focus on college sports , along with coverage of smaller leagues and events , simulcasts of sports radio shows from CBS-owned stations , and studio and analysis programming .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cb3afca4ca50f9781f6d9b1fcea62e4a	Ramadan is observed by Muslims by fasting.	[ { "docid": "f38639d434e6e33451ddf5652ebb0805", "text": "Ramadan Ramadan ( -LSB- ˌræməˈdɑːn -RSB- رمضان , -LSB- ramaˈdˤaːn -RSB- ; In Arabic phonology , it can be -LSB- -LSB- rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn , ramadˤɑːn , ræmæˈdˤɑːn -RSB- -RSB- , depending on the region . also romanized as Ramazan , Ramadhan , or Ramathan ) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar , and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting ( Sawm ) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief . This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam . The month lasts 29 -- 30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon , according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in the hadiths . The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramiḍa or ar-ramaḍ , which means scorching heat or dryness . Fasting is fardh ( obligatory ) for adult Muslims , except those who are suffering from an illness , travelling , are elderly , pregnant , breastfeeding , diabetic , chronically ill or going through menstrual bleeding . Fasting the month of Ramadan was made obligatory ( wājib ) during the month of Sha ` ban , in the second year after the Muslims migrated from Mecca to Medina . Fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a natural phenomenon such as the midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca , but the more commonly accepted opinion is that Muslims in those areas should follow the timetable of the closest country to them in which night can be distinguished from day . While fasting from dawn until sunset , Muslims refrain from consuming food , drinking liquids , smoking , and engaging in sexual relations . Muslims are also instructed to refrain from sinful behavior that may negate the reward of fasting , such as false speech ( insulting , backbiting , cursing , lying , etc. ) and fighting except in self-defense . Food and drinks are served daily , before dawn and after sunset , referred to as Suhoor and Iftar respectively . Spiritual rewards ( thawab ) for fasting are also believed to be multiplied within the month of Ramadan . Fasting for Muslims during Ramadan typically includes the increased offering of salat ( prayers ) , recitation of the Quran and an increase of doing good deeds and charity .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "187156fd00195da6b5af8fc13d0eeb94", "text": "Mahdi In Islamic eschatology , the Mahdi ( مهدي , ISO 233 : `` guided one '' ) is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five , seven , nine , or nineteen years ( according to differing interpretations ) before the Day of Judgement ( , literally , the Day of Resurrection ) and will rid the world of evil . There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qur ` an , but references to him are found in hadith ( the reports and traditions of Muhammad 's teachings collected after his death ) . According to Islamic tradition , the Mahdi 's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ( Isa ) , who is to assist the Mahdi against the Masih ad-Dajjal ( literally , the `` false Messiah '' or Antichrist ) . Differences exist in the concept of the Mahdi between Shia Muslims and adherents of the Sunni tradition . For Sunnis , the Mahdi is the Muslims ' future leader who is yet to come . For most Shia Muslims , the Mahdi was born but disappeared and will remain hidden from humanity until he reappears to bring justice to the world , a doctrine known as the Occultation . For Twelver Shia , this `` hidden Imam '' is Muhammad al-Mahdi , the Twelfth Imam . Throughout history , various individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi . These have included Muhammad Jaunpuri , founder of the Mahdavia sect ; the Báb ( Siyyid Ali Muhammad ) , founder of Bábism ; Muhammad Ahmad , who established the Mahdist state in Sudan in the late 19th century ; and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of the Ahmadiyya sect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ee34b65ec5fd4f33bde4a17e7ce018", "text": "Surah A Surah ( -LSB- ˈsʊərə -RSB- also spelled Sura ; سورة , plural سور suwar ) is the term for a chapter of the Qur ` an . There are 114 Surahs in the Qur ` an , each divided into verses . The chapters or suras are of unequal length , the shortest chapter ( Al-Kawthar ) has only three ayat ( verses ) while the longest ( Al-Baqara ) contains 286 verses . Of the 114 chapters in the Qur ` an , 87 are classified as Meccan , while 27 are Medinan . This classification is only approximate in regard to location of revelation ; any chapter revealed after migration of Muhammad to Medina ( Hijrah ) is termed Medinan and any revealed before that event is termed Meccan . The Meccan chapters generally deal with faith and scenes of the Hereafter while the Medinan chapters are more concerned with organizing the social life of the nascent Muslim community and leading Muslims to the goal of Dar al-Islam by showing strength . Except for sura At-Tawba , all chapters or suras commence with ` In the Name of God , the Merciful , the Compassionate ' . This formula is known as the Bismillah and denotes the boundaries between chapters . The chapters are arranged roughly in order of descending size ; therefore the arrangement of the Qur ` an is neither chronological nor thematic . Suras ( chapters ) are recited during the standing portions ( Qiyam ) of Muslim prayers . Sura Al-Fatiha , the first chapter of the Qur ` an , is recited in every unit of prayer and some units of prayer also involve recitation of all or part of any other sura .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e1f8174298d4a836aa64d22ac51b23", "text": "Etiquette in the Middle East Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur ` an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries . Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab , and described as `` refinement , good manners , morals , ethics , decorum , decency , humaneness and righteousness '' . As such , many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world . This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East . The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam . Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy , Maronites , Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Rites as well as the Roman Rite , Zoroastrians , Bahá ' ís , and various Jewish denominations . In many cases , however , Muslims and non-Muslims in the Middle East will share characteristics , whether it is the prohibition against pork ordained by both Islamic and Jewish dietary restrictions , a preference for the beverage widely known elsewhere as `` Turkish coffee '' , or knowledge of how to conduct business in a crowded souk without being cheated . It is a place where people with different beliefs often share the same traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af481f33e72c62b6b5ec816370f3a162", "text": "Muharram in Bahrain The Islamic month of Muharram is a period of mourning in Shia Islam and commemorates the death of Imam Hussain , the third Imam , and his companions at the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD . Processions called Azadari are held to commemorate and remember the events that took place , these are often organised by congregation halls known as Hussainia . Mourning climaxes on the tenth day of Muharram , Ashura . The mourning is sometimes referred to as the Remembrance of Muharram ( ذكرى محرم or مناسبة محرم ) . The mourning that takes place during Muharram in Bahrain has a long history in the country , having been practiced for centuries , and the month sees a massive influx of visitors from neighbouring Gulf countries , who spectate or participate in the mourning processions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10e8aa87446c50f00356238e96bca09d", "text": "Mourning of Muharram The Mourning of Muharram ( or Remembrance of Muharram or Muharram Observances ) is a set of rituals associated with both Shia and Sunni Islam . The commemoration falls in Muharram , the first month of the Islamic calendar . Many of the events associated with the ritual take place in congregation halls known as Hussainia . The event marks the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala , when Imam Hussein ibn Ali , the grandson of Muhammad , was killed by the forces of the second Umayyad caliph . Family members accompanying him were killed or subjected to humiliation . The commemoration of this event during the yearly mourning season , with the Day of Ashura as the focal date , serves to define Shia communal identity . Muharram observances are carried out in countries with a sizable Shia population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c83c0e07880a171e45efa7d10d1a0cc", "text": "Rahmanism Raḥmānism ( from Old South Arabian rḥmn-n `` the Merciful '' ) ( Ar : الرحمن ) ( Musnad : ð © § ð © cents ð © # ð © ¬ ) refers to one or more monotheistic religions which ousted the polytheistic Old South Arabian religion from the 4th century AD . Since the sole indication of Raḥmānism is the mention of a monotheistic God , it is difficult to establish whether Raḥmānism is an homogenous religion or whether it can be identified with another monotheist From the second half of the fourth century the `` Merciful '' ( Old South Arabian rḥmn-n , where the - n is the definite article ) and `` the Lord of Heaven and Earth '' are increasingly invoked . A number of inscriptions as well as archaeological synagogues show that Judaism had played an important role in South Arabia since the 4th Century , but it is not clear whether all the Raḥmānist inscriptions of this time should be construed as Jewish ; at the same time it is conceivable that Raḥmānism also involved an autochthonous monotheistic religion in its own right . Distinct references to Christians in South Arabia are found at the beginning of the 6th century when a Christian community in the city of Najrān fell victim to a pogrom initiated by the Jewish king Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar . Some consider this event politically motivated while others claim it to be the result of religious zeal . The slaughter is probably that which is alluded to in the Quranic reference to the ` People of the Ditch ( Aṣḥābu Ukhdūd ) , which describes a group of people being thrust into a ditch of fire because of their faith . Apart from being the word for ` ditch ' Ukhdūd is also the name of a place just south-west of modern Najrān . As a result of this massacre the Christian Aksumite Kingdom marched into South Arabia and enforced Christianity as the official religion , which was then supplanted by Islam in 632 . Christian communities are documented right up till the 13th century in Najrān and till the 16th century in Soqotra . Christian communities are documented ; Jewish communities persist until today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb91a203b1c6d614c4e1a9b13d559959", "text": "Shahid Shahid and Shaheed ( شهيد , plural : شُهَدَاء ; female : ) originates from the Quranic Arabic word meaning `` witness '' and is also used to denote a martyr . It is used as a honorific for Muslims who have died fulfilling a religious commandment , especially those who die waging jihad , or historically in the military expansion of Islam . The act of martyrdom is istishhad . The word shahid in Arabic means `` witness '' . Its development closely parallels that of Greek martys ( μάρτυς - `` witness '' , in the New Testament also `` martyr '' ) , the origin of the term martyr . Shahid occurs frequently in the Quran in the generic sense `` witness '' , but only once in the sense `` martyr ; one who dies deliberately for his faith '' ; this latter sense acquires wider use in the hadiths .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1b9bab8264ca3a3926782d4d27b9c0d", "text": "Hamd A hamd , `` Praise '' in English , is a word that is usually written in Arabic , Persian , Punjabi , or Urdu and means a poetic piece in praise of God . The word `` Hamd '' comes from the Qur ` an . Hamds are recited all over the Muslim world , from Indonesia to Morocco . A Qawwali performance usually includes at least one Hamd , which is traditionally the first song in the performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7ac76ce17323da16f07f25d2b16e230", "text": "Hajj The Hajj ( -LSB- hædʒ -RSB- -LSB- `` pilgrimage '' ) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca , the most holy city of the Muslims , and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey , and can support their family during their absence . It is one of the five pillars of Islam , alongside Shahadah , Salat , Zakat , and Sawm . The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world . The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istita'ah , and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati . The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people , and their submission to God ( Allah ) . The word Hajj means `` to intend a journey '' , which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions . The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th ( or in some cases 13th ) of Dhu al-Hijjah , the last month of the Islamic calendar . Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year , the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year . Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions . The Hajj is associated with the life of Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century , but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Abraham . During Hajj , pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people , who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj , and perform a series of rituals : each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba ( the cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for the Muslims ) , runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah , drinks from the Zamzam Well , goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil , spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa , and performs symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing stones at three pillars . The pilgrims then shave their heads , perform a ritual of animal sacrifice , and celebrate the three-day global festival of Eid al-Adha . Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year . This is sometimes called the `` lesser pilgrimage '' , or Umrah . However , even if they choose to perform the Umrah , they are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so , because Umrah is not a substitute for Hajj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84bc26a91b9341d4636f901aad88538", "text": "Religious traditionalism in Iran Traditionalism is one of the three basic types of Islam in Iran : traditionalism ( traditional humanism ) , modernism , and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism . Until two hundred years ago , in spite of the many schools and interpretations , many Muslims in Iran lived within the tradition . It was a living tradition , emphasizing the harmony of law , art , and all forms of knowledge . Also a significant Iranian scholar followed the tradition of Persian sufism and pluralism . Currently in Iran there exist three main types of Islam : traditionalists ( represented by Hossein Nasr and Yousef Sanei ) , modernists ( represented by Abdolkarim Soroush ) and different groups under the conservative umbrella ( represented by Ruhollah Khomeini , Ali Khamenei , Mohammad-Taghi Bahjat , Naser Makarem Shirazi , Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi and Hossein Noori Hamedani ) . Iranian Islam differs from the mainstream Sunni Islam and may be better understood by studying the Shia history in Arabia and Iran . Some groups of conservatives and Traditionals humanists have tendencies toward mystical spiritualism and some of them are less political ( or apolitcal ) . In traditional schools , traditional astronomy and geometry are discussed as well as philosophy , Sufism and ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d1193682eb7fed820e6fc44b78f8c5", "text": "Stoning of the Devil The Stoning of the Devil ( -LSB- , `` stoning of the -LSB- place of pebbles -RSB- '' ) is part of the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia . During the ritual , Muslim pilgrims throw pebbles at three walls ( formerly pillars ) , called jamarāt , in the city of Mina just east of Mecca . It is one of a series of ritual acts that must be performed in the Hajj . It is a symbolic reenactment of Abraham 's hajj , where he stoned three pillars representing the temptation to disobey God and preserve Ishmael . On Eid al-Adha ( the 10th day of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah ) , pilgrims must strike only one of the three jamraat ; specifically , the larger one ; with seven pebbles . After the stoning is completed on the day of Eid , every pilgrim must cut or shave their hair . On each of the following two days , they must hit each of the three walls with seven pebbles , going in order from east to west . Thus at least 49 pebbles are needed for the ritual , more if some throws miss . Some pilgrims stay at Mina for an additional day , in which case they must again stone each wall seven times . The pebbles used in the stoning are traditionally gathered at Muzdalifah , a plain southeast of Mina , on the night before the first throwing , but can also be collected at Mina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09ec7ef6caf1820b209d81058f532ac8", "text": "Battle of Nahrawan The Battle of Nahrawan ( -LSB- معركة النهروان , Ma ` rakat an-Nahrawān -RSB- ) was a battle between Ali ibn Abi Talib ( the first Shi'ah Imam and the fourth Sunni Caliph ) and the Kharijites commanded by ` Abdullah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi , near Nahrawan , twelve miles from Baghdad . Having disposed of the Kharijites at Nahrawan , according to some Shia sources Ali resumed his march to Syria . However , the chiefs of his followers urged him to stop at Kufa to let the men rest before the long journey and to enable the army to repair their weapons and armor . Ali agreed to this request and camped at al-Nukhaylah outside Kufah . The soldiers were allowed to leave the camp for a day . On the next day , hardly any men returned and at length , Ali entered Kufah and gave a stern sermon to the people . However , nobody came forward and no one wanted to fight and finally , Ali turned away from them in disappointment . The Syrian expedition was abandoned , never to be resumed . Others argue that the Kharijites had been making every one fight and after they separated , Ali himself also did not want to fight the Syrians . A few years later they re-emerged in Iraq and north of the Arabian Peninsula . They were defeated by the Umayyads . Two years later , in 40 A.H Ali was assassinated by a Kharijite called Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam , who attacked him with a poisoned sword while Ali was praying , in his sujood . In the mosque of Kufah , on the 19th of the month of Ramadan , finally succumbing to poison on the 21st of the month of Ramadan . In Syria Muawiyah I had a more professional army and was not reliant of volunteers and therefore no sects developed . When Ali was told that the Kharijites had been killed , he replied : `` By Allah ! No , not yet . They still exist in the loins of men and wombs of women . Whenever a chief would appear from among them , he would be cut down till the last of them would turn thieves and robbers . '' The nine Kharijites that survived the battle against Ali managed to flee to Basrah , Sistan , Khurasan , Oman , Yemen , Tell Mozan , and elsewhere , where they had their offspring , spread their beliefs and recruited more followers . Today Ibadis of Oman ( and parts of Africa ) are known as their descendants and followers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7a632caf3405b04a84ca9b0e6f9f606", "text": "Triodion For details regarding the content of the Triodion , see Great Lent . For the piece of music named after the book , see Triodion ( Pärt ) . The Triodion ( Τριῴδιον , Triōdion Slavonic : Постнаѧ Трїωдь , Postnaya Triod ; Triodul , Albanian : Triod/Triodi ) , also called the Lenten Triodion ( Τριῴδιον κατανυκτικόν , Triodion katanyktikon ) , is the liturgical book used by the Eastern Orthodox Church.and those Eastern Catholic churches which follow the Byzantine Rite The book contains the propers for the fasting period preceding Easter and for the weeks leading up to the fast . The canons for weekday Matins in the Triodion contain only three odes and so are known as `` triodes '' after which the Triodion takes its name . The period which the book covers extends from the Sunday of the Publican and Pharisee ( the tenth week before Pascha ( Easter ) : twenty-two days before the beginning of Great Lent ) , and concludes with the Midnight Office of Holy Saturday . The Triodion contains the propers for : the Pre-Lenten period , begins with a week in which there is no fasting , including on Wednesdays and Fridays , which are normally kept as fast days throughout the year ( with few exceptions ) . The following week is called the Apókreō ( literally : the `` Leave-taking from Meat '' ) in Greek . It coincides with the Carnival celebrations which , although officially discouraged by the Church as pagan remnants , are very popular . The Apokreo marks the change of diet to the fasting practice of Lent : meat is no longer eaten after the `` First Apokreo Sunday '' ( i.e. the 8th Sunday before Easter ) , while for the following week , the Tyrinĕ , that culminates on Tyrinē Sunday ( literally : `` Cheese Sunday '' or `` Second Apokreo Sunday '' ) just before Clean Monday , milk and dairy products , but not meat or eggs , may be eaten . the Forty Days of Great Lent itself , which begin on Clean Monday and for which a vegetarian type diet , with the addition that on many days the use of oil is excluded as well ( `` the Lenten Fast '' ) . On two specific feasts during Lent ( the Annunciation and Palm Sunday ) , fish is allowed . The fast is prescribed until Easter . This period coincides with the springtime birth of new lambs . Lazarus Saturday and Palm Sunday Great and Holy Week ( up to and including the Midnight Office of Great and Holy Saturday ) In the edition of the Lenten Triodion used by the Old Believers and those who follow the Ruthenian recension , the contents of the Triodion end with the service of Lazarus Saturday and do not contain the services of Holy Week , which are to be found in the Pentecostarion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37699c0e85ac49a1e96b6f4ea02e0dda", "text": "Naskh (tafsir) Naskh is an Arabic word usually translated as `` abrogation '' ; It is a term used in Islamic legal exegesis for seemingly contradictory material within , or between , the two primary sources of Islamic law : the Quran and the Sunna . Several Qur ` anic verses state that some revelations have been abrogated and superseded by later revelations , which are understood by many Muslim scholars as pertaining to the verses of the Quran itself . Neither the Quran nor the sayings of Muhammad state which verses stand abrogated . However , narrations from Muhammad 's companions inform about the abrogated verses or rulings of the religion ; and the principle of abrogation of an older verse by a new verse in the Quran , or within the Hadiths , was an established principle in Sharia at least by the 9th century . The possibility of abrogation between these two primary sources of Islam has been a more contentious issue . The allowability of abrogation between sources has been one of the major differences between the Shafi'i and Hanafi fiqhs , with the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence forbidding abrogation by the Sunna of the Qur ' ān , while the Hanafi school allowing abrogation by the Sunna of the Qur ' ān . Seventy-one of the Quran 's one hundred and fourteen surah contain abrogated verses according to one estimate . Muslim exegetes and jurists have disagreed and disputed the number of verses of the Quran and sunnah in the Hadiths recognized as abrogated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1526f844f7df1be2c6fafd73734c995", "text": "Festival of Muslim Cultures The Festival of Muslim Cultures , a national celebration of Muslim cultures held in the United Kingdom , began in January 2006 and ended July 2007 . It imitated an earlier event in 1976 . From official site ; The festival was created out of the need to encourage a better understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims ( as a two-way process ) , to promote respect for Muslim cultures and to demonstrate how culture creates the pathways that connect us all together . Organizers say that festival events were chosen because they represent the best of the Muslim arts world and they `` portray diversity and plurality '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df9ab2e641c6106f517fc902891e20a3", "text": "Islamic art Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations . It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers many lands and various peoples over some 1,400 years ; it is not art specifically of a religion , or of a time , or of a place , or of a single medium like painting . The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article , leaving fields as varied as calligraphy , painting , glass , pottery , and textile arts such as carpets and embroidery . Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art , but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well . It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon , if not forbidden , by some Islamic theologians . Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions , specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art , with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains . Figurative painting may cover religious scenes , but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry . The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qur ` ans is an important aspect , but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles ( e.g. Girih tiles ) , woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art , although with religious inscriptions even more prominent . `` Islamic art developed from many sources : Roman , Early Christian art , and Byzantine styles were taken over in early Islamic art and architecture ; the influence of the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia was of paramount significance ; Central Asian styles were brought in with various nomadic incursions ; and Chinese influences had a formative effect on Islamic painting , pottery , and textiles . '' Though the whole concept of `` Islamic art '' has been criticised by some modern art historians , calling it a `` figment of imagination '' or a `` mirage '' , the similarities between art produced at widely different times and places in the Islamic world , especially in the Islamic Golden Age , have been sufficient to keep the term in wide use by scholars . There are repeating elements in Islamic art , such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as the arabesque . The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent , indivisible and infinite nature of God . Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection , although this theory is disputed . Typically , though not entirely , Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns , whether purely geometric or floral , and Arabic calligraphy , rather than on figures , because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry and thereby a sin against God , forbidden in the Qur ` an . Human portrayals can be found in all eras of Islamic art , above all in the more private form of miniatures , where their absence is rare . Human representation for the purpose of worship is considered idolatry and is duly forbidden in some interpretations of Islamic law , known as Sharia law . There are also many depictions of Muhammad , Islam 's chief prophet , in historical Islamic art . Small decorative figures of animals and humans , especially if they are hunting the animals , are found on secular pieces in many media from many periods , but portraits were slow to develop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21135a54f1801d89357ae433d69bf6ff", "text": "Islamic ethics Islamic ethics , defined as `` good character , '' historically took shape gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th century . It was eventually shaped as a successful amalgamation of the Qur ` anic teachings , the teachings of the Sunnah of Muhammad , the precedents of Islamic jurists ( see Sharia and Fiqh ) , the pre-Islamic Arabian tradition , and non-Arabic elements ( including Persian and Greek ideas ) embedded in or integrated with a generally Islamic structure . Although Muhammad 's preaching produced a `` radical change in moral values based on the sanctions of the new religion and the present religion , and fear of God and of the Last Judgment '' , the tribal practice of Arabs did not completely die out . Later Muslim scholars expanded the religious ethic of the Qur ` an and Hadith in immense detail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "231d4336eea1a9e4126043ab949e78df", "text": "Kiraman Katibin In Islamic tradition the two kiraman katibin ( كراماً كاتبين `` honourable scribes '' ) , are two angels called Raqib and Atid , believed by Muslims to record a person 's actions , thoughts and feelings . Whether a person is sent to jannat ( paradise ) or Jahannam ( hell/purgatory ) is not , however , dependent on whether good deeds outweigh bad deeds ; but is ultimately up to Allah 's mercy upon a believer . The Quran refers to them in two places , in 50:16 -18 and by name as ` Noble Recorders ' in 82:10 -12 . The work of the Kiraman Katibin is to write down and record every action , thought , or feeling a person has each day . One angel figuratively sits on the right shoulder and records all good deeds , while another sits on the left shoulder and records all bad deeds . The Book in which the angels are writing is the cumulative record of a given person 's deeds . After that person 's death , it is said that on the Day of Judgement each person will be confronted with this record , and the two angels will be present to tell God of what the person did . It is recorded that Muhammad once said , `` The ( scribe ) on the left hand raises his pen ( i.e. , delays writing ) for six hours ( this may refer to six hours of 60 minutes as measured by astronomers , or it may refer to short periods of time during the day or night , according to Lisan al - ` Arab ) before he records the sinful deed of a Muslim . If -LSB- the Muslim -RSB- regrets it and seeks God 's forgiveness , the deed is not recorded , otherwise it is recorded as one deed . '' A further respite is granted after the deed has been recorded ; up until the moment before death approaches , one is able to repent and ask for forgiveness . With regard to the two Angels , Kiraaman Khaatibeen , who accompany every Muslim , Imam Baihaqi ( radi Allahu anhu ) narrates the following Hadith ; Hazrat Abdullah ibn Abbas ( radi Allahu anhu ) in which Sayyiduna Rasoolullah ( sallal laahu alaihi wasallam ) has stated , `` After the death of the Muslim , they soar to the Heaven and seek permission to live there , but Almighty Allah turns down their request saying , ` My Heavens are full of Angels who are constantly engaged in glorifying Me . ' Then they will implore to live on the earth . To which Almighty Allah will reply , ` My creation has filled the earth , constantly glorifying Me . ' Thereafter , Almighty Allah commands them to stand at the graveside of the Muslim and the servant of Allah , to recite the Tasbeeh of Allah , and the Sawaab of which is then bestowed upon the deceased person . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fde5560cf5d0c7da0bba0fcae6c27f4", "text": "Year of Sorrow In the Islamic tradition , the Year of Sorrow ( -LSB- عام الحزن , ` Ām al-Ḥuzn -RSB- , also translated Year of Sadness ) is the Hijri year in which Muhammad 's wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib died . The year approximately coincided with 619 CE or the tenth year after Muhammad 's first revelation . After the death of Abu Talib , Muhammad became vulnerable due to the loss of clan protection granted by Abu Talib ( who was also the chief of Banu Hashim ) . He began to be the target of physical attacks by his Meccan opponents . He visited Ta'if to look for help and invite the inhabitants to Islam , but was rejected . On the way back to Mecca , he petitioned several prominent Meccans to ask for protection . Chief Mut ` im ibn ` Adi , from the Banu Nawfal clan , acceded to his request , escorted Muhammad into the city and announced the clan 's protection of Muhammad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a10b79fb50044f51bd6722d219738ad", "text": "Quds Day Quds Day ( Jerusalem Day ; Quds is the Arabic name for Jerusalem ) , officially called International Quds Day , is an annual event held on the last Friday of Ramadan that was initiated by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979 to express support for the Palestinians and oppose Zionism and Israel 's existence , as well as Israel 's control of Jerusalem . Nominally , it exists in opposition to the Jerusalem Day ( Yom Yerushalayim ) celebration instituted by Israel in May 1968 , and which Knesset law changed into a national holiday in 1998 . In Iran , the government sponsors and organizes the day 's rallies , and its celebration in that country has had , down to at least 2012 , a decade-long tradition of voicing anti-Semitic attacks . Quds Day is also held in several other countries , mainly in the Arab and Muslim world , with protests against Israel 's occupation of East Jerusalem . Rallies are held in verious cities by both Muslim and non-Muslim communities around the world .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e7409c3e4018ab08225955ac2674e736	Kevin Garnett played with Paul Pierce.	[ { "docid": "6a40a6686039cf02514e00c0351197cf", "text": "Paul Pierce Paul Anthony Pierce ( born October 13 , 1977 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played 19 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Pierce was a high school McDonald 's All-American and earned All-America first team honors in his junior year at Kansas . Pierce spent the first fifteen years of his career with the Boston Celtics , who drafted him with the 10th overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft . He became a bone fide star as captain of the Celtics , earning ten All-Star nods and becoming a four-time All-NBA team member . After nine seasons of leading the Celtics as their sole star player , Pierce combined with Kevin Garnett and Ray Allen in 2007 to form a `` Big Three '' that together led Boston to the NBA Finals in 2008 and 2010 , winning the 2008 NBA Championship . Pierce was instrumental to the Celtics ' 2008 championship run , as he was awarded the Finals MVP after averaging 22 points per game . Pierce is one of only three players , alongside Larry Bird and John Havlicek , to score over 20,000 points in their career with the Celtics alone . He holds the Celtics ' record for most three-point field goals made and also ranks third in team history in games played , second in points scored , seventh in total rebounds , fifth in total assists , and first in total steals . He has also made the fourth most three-point field goals in NBA history , behind only Jason Terry , Reggie Miller and Ray Allen . His nickname , `` The Truth '' , was given to him by Shaquille O'Neal in March 2001 . In July 2013 , Pierce was included in a deal that sent him to the Brooklyn Nets , along with teammates Kevin Garnett and Jason Terry . He signed with the Washington Wizards the following offseason , but after just one season with the Wizards , he moved back home to Los Angeles and reunited with his former Celtics coach Doc Rivers at the Clippers . He spent two seasons with the Clippers before retiring following the 2016 -- 17 season .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "69aa3290e3b9cd7058694274721532c0", "text": "1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason . The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference . In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6c6a656d8b5d77e5d525f20d009b3b", "text": "2003–04 Sacramento Kings season The 2003 -- 04 NBA season was the Kings ' 55th season in the NBA and 19th in Sacramento . The season was best remembered for the team making a move in the offseason , acquiring Brad Miller from the Indiana Pacers and signing free agent Anthony Peeler . Superstar forward Chris Webber , who spent most of the season recovering from microfracture knee surgery , then serving a suspension due to the Ed Martin scandal , returned for the final 23 games of the season in which they played mediocre basketball the rest of the way . Still , the Kings finished the season second in the Pacific Division with a 55 -- 27 record . In the first round of the playoffs , the Kings got the last laugh as they defeated their archrivals the Dallas Mavericks in five games , before falling to Kevin Garnett and the Minnesota Timberwolves in the second round as Webber missed a potential game-tying 3-pointer in Game 7 . This ended the Kings ' attempt at a championship as their core would be dismantled the following season , which included Vlade Divac re-signing as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers , and Gerald Wallace leaving for the 2004 NBA Expansion Draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f90a17c1eb04c576543642a975ddfd40", "text": "Richie Guerin Richard Vincent `` Richie '' Guerin ( born May 29 , 1932 ) is a retired American professional basketball player and coach . The 6 ' 4 '' ( 1.93 m ) Guerin played with the National Basketball Association 's ( NBA ) New York Knicks from 1956 to 1963 and was a player-coach of the St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks franchise where he spent nine years . On February 15 , 2013 , the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame announced that Guerin had been elected as one of its 2013 inductees . He served in the Marine Corps Reserve from 1947 to 1954 . While a reservist , Guerin attended Iona College from 1950 to 1954 where he scored 1,375 points in 67 games playing for coach Jim McDermott . After graduation , Guerin served on active duty at Marine Corps Schools , Quantico , Virginia for two years . The Knicks drafted Guerin with the 8th pick in the second round of the 1954 NBA draft while still on active duty . After leaving the Marine Corps , Guerin would begin his professional basketball career in 1956 . As a high-scoring point guard in the late 1950s and early 1960s , Richie Guerin was one of the most talented and best-loved players ever to wear a New York Knicks jersey . His feisty on-court style and wisecracking off-court demeanor played well to Madison Square Garden crowds . Guerin was a machinelike scorer , a gifted passer , a smart playmaker , and one of the best rebounding and driving guards of his era . He led the Knicks in assists for five consecutive seasons and in scoring three times during his seven full seasons in the Big Apple , and he tallied more than 20 points per game in four consecutive years . The explosive Guerin also set Knicks single-game records for scoring , with 57 points in 1959 , and assists , with 21 in 1958 . His 57-point game stood as a Knicks record until Bernard King scored 60 on Christmas Day in 1984 . A fan and media favorite , Guerin played in six consecutive NBA All-Star Games . As a team , however , New York struggled , reaching the playoffs only once during Guerin 's tenure . He was traded to the St. Louis Hawks midway through the 1963 -- 64 season and spent the next eight years as the team 's player-coach and then head coach . With St. Louis ( and eventually Atlanta ) , Guerin played alongside such greats as Bob Pettit , Lou Hudson , Lenny Wilkens , and Cliff Hagan . Guerin helped the Hawks to nine consecutive playoff appearances and was named NBA Coach of the Year for 1967 -- 68 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d6b488729701e7b53fc68263816a03", "text": "Three-peat Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships . The term , a portmanteau of the words three and repeat , originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association , during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988 -- 89 season , having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons , but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals . The term is a registered trademark owned by Hardo Beers , the Lakers ' Hardo strength coach from 1981 -- 1990 , although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2464fe1928e22140c15494657456a9", "text": "2003 NBA All-Star Game The 2003 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game which was played on February 9 , 2003 at the Philips Arena in Atlanta , home of the Atlanta Hawks . This game was the 52nd edition of the North American National Basketball Association ( NBA ) All-Star Game and was played during the 2002 -- 03 NBA season . The West defeated the East 155-145 in double overtime , with Kevin Garnett of the Minnesota Timberwolves winning the Most Valuable Player . Garnett scored 37 points , grabbed 9 rebounds , and had 5 steals . Allen Iverson led the East with 35 points . This was the first All-Star Game to be transmitted on cable television , through TNT . This was also the 14th and final All-Star Game that Michael Jordan participated in , as a result of his final retirement after the 2002 -- 03 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "022c6a8d9b34beaa64428df2cdb40378", "text": "Drew Barry Drew William Barry ( born February 17 , 1973 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He is the son of Basketball Hall of Famer Rick Barry and has three brothers : Scooter , Jon and Brent , who also share his profession . His grandfather Bruce Hale also played in the NBA and was Rick 's college coach at Miami of Florida . His stepmother is Lynn Barry . Born in Oakland , California , Barry graduated from De La Salle High School in Concord in 1991 and played four seasons with the Yellow Jackets basketball team at the Georgia Institute of Technology ( Georgia Tech ) after redshirting his freshman year . The all-time assists leader of Georgia Tech , Barry played briefly for the Fort Wayne Fury in the CBA and in the NBA for the Atlanta Hawks , Seattle SuperSonics , and Golden State Warriors . Prior to being signed by the Hawks on March 27 , 2000 , Barry played eight games with the Sydney Kings during the 1999 -- 2000 Australian NBL season . In his eight games for the Kings , Barry averaged 7.6 points , 6.3 assists , 4.0 rebounds and 1 steal per game . His best game was on November 13 , 2000 in a 99-86 loss against the Cairns Taipans where he scored 20 points , 9 assists , 8 rebounds , 1 steal and 1 block . He also played professionally in Poland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4277598f81ce4dd04f958739997763", "text": "Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fa36d63f0527d87ddd8a9b5596d1828", "text": "2002 NBA All-Star Game The 2002 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game which was played on February 10 , 2002 at the First Union Center in Philadelphia , home of the Philadelphia 76ers . This game was the 51st edition of the North American NBA All-Star Game and was played during the 2001 -- 02 NBA season . The West defeated the East 135-120 , with Kobe Bryant of the L.A. Lakers winning the Most Valuable Player . Bryant scored 31 points , dished 5 assists , and grabbed 5 rebounds . Tracy McGrady led the way for the East , scoring 25 points off the bench . He also made one of the most memorable plays in All-Star Game history , the self pass off the backboard dunk . This was also the last All-Star Game to feature players wearing their respective team jerseys , and thus far , the last to be seen on over-the-air television ( all subsequent games have aired on the cable channel TNT ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039fbf8df831732ffe94e31df7bd4c76", "text": "1991 NBA Playoffs The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 . The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 . The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 . Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace . This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baf1685cf375936b74dd82de71f7b776", "text": "1992–93 Atlanta Hawks season The 1992 -- 93 NBA season was the Hawks ' 44th season in the National Basketball Association , and 25th season in Atlanta . Prior to the start of the season , the Hawks acquired point guard Mookie Blaylock from the New Jersey Nets . After losing their season opener at home to the New York Knicks 106 -- 94 , the Hawks would defeat the defending champion Chicago Bulls on the road , 100 -- 99 at the Chicago Stadium on November 7 . However , they got off to a rough start losing five of their first seven games , which led them to a mediocre 12 -- 17 start in early January . With a 26 -- 31 record , they would win 12 of their next 13 games while posting a 12 -- 3 record in March , on their way to finishing fourth in the Central Division with a 43 -- 39 record . Dominique Wilkins surpassed Bob Pettit as the Hawks all-time scoring leader , finishing second in the league in scoring averaging 29.9 points per game . He was named to the All-NBA Second Team and selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game . However , in the first round of the playoffs , the Hawks would be swept by the Bulls in three straight games . Following the season , head coach Bob Weiss was fired . For the season , the Hawks changed their uniforms which lasted until 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98caedb3bc6e8e021453b32021c4eb51", "text": "Jim Pollard James Clifford `` Jim '' Pollard ( July 9 , 1922 -- January 22 , 1993 ) was an American basketball player and coach . In college , Pollard played for Stanford and was a key member of Stanford 's 1942 national championship team ( though due to illness , he did not play in the final game ) . During World War II , he starred in Coast Guard teams from Alameda to Honolulu . Following World War II , Pollard played for the San Diego Dons and the Oakland Bittners , making four trips to Denver for AAU playoffs . In the NBA , Pollard was considered one of the best forwards in the 1940s and 1950s , and was known for his leaping ability ( Pollard would occasionally dunk from the free throw line during warmups ) earning him the nickname `` The Kangaroo Kid '' . In 1952 , players who had performed in the NBA since its inception ( after the merging of the NBL and the BAA ) selected Pollard as the best player of the period . Pollard teamed with George Mikan and Vern Mikkelsen for the Minneapolis Lakers , forming one of the best front courts in basketball history . The Lakers won six professional basketball titles : 1948 ( NBL ) , 1949 ( BAA ) , 1950 ( NBA ) , 1952 ( NBA ) , 1953 ( NBA ) , 1954 ( NBA ) . Pollard ended his career after eight seasons , beginning in the NBL in 1947 and ending in the NBA in 1955 . He went on to coach La Salle University men 's basketball for three seasons from 1955 -- 1958 , compiling a record of 48-28 . Pollard coached the Minneapolis Lakers in 1960 , the Chicago Packers in 1961 -- 62 , Minnesota Muskies of the American Basketball Association in 1967 and 1968 . He then coached The Floridians of the same league in 1968 and 1969 followed by two seasons at Florida Atlantic University in Ft. Lauderdale . Pollard was considered an exceptional all-around athlete . During his NBA career , Pollard also played amateur baseball for Jordan , Minnesota 's Town Team baseball club . He was reputed to be `` a good pitcher and a powerful hitter . '' It was there that Pollard famously `` hit a ball that did n't stop until it got to Chicago '' , because it landed in a gondola car in a freight train passing by the ballpark . Pollard was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978 . He has also been inducted into the Bay Area Hall of Fame , Stanford Hall of Fame , and Pac-12 Hall of Honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ff1570bb3a667557dcb83141f2cbbd", "text": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association All-Star Game Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given to the player ( s ) voted best of the annual All-Star Game . The award was established in 1953 when NBA officials decided to designate an MVP for each year 's game . The league also re-honored players from the previous two All-Star Games . Ed Macauley and Paul Arizin were selected as the 1951 and 1952 MVP winners respectively . The voting is conducted by a panel of media members , who cast their vote after the conclusion of the game . The player ( s ) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award . No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . , the most recent recipient is New Orleans Pelicans forward Anthony Davis . Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times . Oscar Robertson , Michael Jordan , and Shaquille O'Neal have each won the award three times , while Bob Cousy , Julius Erving , Isiah Thomas , Magic Johnson , Karl Malone , Allen Iverson , LeBron James and Russell Westbrook have all won the award twice . James ' first All-Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years , 1 month . Kyrie Irving , winner of the 2014 All-Star Game MVP , is the second-youngest at 21 years , 10 months . They 're notable as being the two youngest to win the award , both as Cleveland Cavaliers . Four of the games had joint winners -- Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959 , John Stockton and Malone in 1993 , O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000 , and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009 . O'Neal became the first player in All-Star history to share two MVP awards . The Los Angeles Lakers have had eleven winners while the Boston Celtics have had eight . Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Irving of Australia are the only winners not born in the United States . Both Duncan and Irving are American citizens , but are considered `` international '' players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. No player trained entirely outside the U.S. has won the award ; Irving lived in the U.S. since age two , and Duncan played U.S. college basketball at Wake Forest . Bob Pettit ( 1958 , 1959 ) and Russell Westbrook ( 2015 , 2016 ) are the only players to win consecutive awards . Pettit ( 1956 ) , Bob Cousy ( 1957 ) , Wilt Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Bill Russell ( 1963 ) , Oscar Robertson ( 1964 ) , Willis Reed ( 1970 ) , Dave Cowens ( 1973 ) , Michael Jordan ( 1988 , 1996 , 1998 ) , Magic Johnson ( 1990 ) , Shaquille O'Neal ( 2000 ) , and Allen Iverson ( 2001 ) all won the All-Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season ; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times . 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All-Star Game : Macauley ( 1951 ) , Cousy ( 1957 ) , Pettit ( 1958 , 1962 ) , Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Adrian Smith ( 1966 ) , Rick Barry ( 1967 ) , Jerry West ( 1972 ) , Tom Chambers ( 1987 ) , Jordan ( 1988 ) , Karl Malone ( 1993 ) , John Stockton ( 1993 ) , O'Neal ( 2004 , 2009 ) , Bryant ( 2011 ) and Davis ( 2017 ) ; Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All-Star Games ( 18 ) without winning the All-Star Game MVP , while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All-Star Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ae6a398a01321fe5fa61c9f695ac812", "text": "Gerard King Gerard King ( born ) is an American former professional basketball player . He was a member of the San Antonio Spurs and the Washington Wizards in the NBA . He played for the US national team in the 1998 FIBA World Championship , winning the bronze medal . King attended and played college basketball at Nicholls State University in Louisiana , and finished his career as the fourth leading scorer and sixth leading rebounder in school history . He was inducted into the Louisiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006 . He was a member of the San Antonio Spurs ' 1999 NBA championship team . Then he played his two final NBA seasons ( 1999 -- 2001 ) for the Washington Wizards . In 126 games , he averaged 4.5 points and 3.1 rebounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "688b65b80a5e1dee124ca4b90582600c", "text": "Shaqtin' a Fool Shaqtin ' a Fool is a weekly segment from the television show Inside the NBA , the postgame show of NBA on TNT following the conclusion of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games airing on cable TV channel TNT . It first aired during the 2011 -- 12 NBA season , when retired NBA All-Star Shaquille O'Neal voiced it upon joining the show and was created by Turner Sports producer Mike Goldfarb . It highlights humorous and uncommon basketball plays that have occurred during NBA games in the past week . O'Neal is the host and presenter , while the other analysts in studio react and provide commentary . Most often , those have been fellow Inside regulars Ernie Johnson , Kenny Smith , and Charles Barkley , but other Inside hosts have also participated , including Chris Webber , Grant Hill , Steve Smith and Matt Winer . The segment regularly features NBA players and also includes , but is not limited to , referees , fans , mascots , and other arena employees . Sometimes they also air clips from other international basketball leagues . On special occasions , the segment features plays which had occurred during the past , including several entire `` retro '' editions . Each episode tends to have 5 entries from the past week , with each entry typically involving a single play ( although there are some times where a collection of similar bad plays , such as travels and air ball free throws , are highlighted ) . Multiple plays may include the same player , and a single play may highlight more than one player . Only 3 players have the Shaqtin `` Golden Ticket , '' which is lifetime immunity from being included in the segment : Larry Nance Jr. ( 2015 winner ) , PJ Tucker ( 2016 winner ) , and JaVale McGee ( after his long feud with O'Neal escalated in early 2017 , see more in MVP section ) . At the conclusion of the NBA postseason , a Shaqtin ' a Fool special airs on NBA TV . During the special , Shaquille O'Neal is joined by Jared Greenberg and Dennis Scott , and the top Shaqtin ' a Fool plays of the season are shown . On the 2013 special , 34 plays were shown to honor O'Neal 's jersey retirement of # 34 during his tenure with the Los Angeles Lakers . On the 2014 special , only 20 plays were shown . For the 2015 special , the number of plays increased to 30 . Since the beginning of the 2013 -- 14 NBA season , fans are able to tweet suggestions for Shaqtin ' a Fool . Also , ahead of the 2015 -- 16 season , Hotels.com sponsored Shaqtin ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95173a7f0183de1fc0cc81c0e99a4a44", "text": "Jerome Kersey Jerome Kersey ( June 26 , 1962 -- February 18 , 2015 ) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played for the Portland Trail Blazers ( 1984 -- 1995 ) , Golden State Warriors ( 1995 -- 96 ) , Los Angeles Lakers ( 1996 -- 97 ) , Seattle SuperSonics ( 1997 -- 98 ) , San Antonio Spurs ( 1998 -- 2000 ) , and Milwaukee Bucks ( 2000 -- 01 ) . The Trail Blazers selected Kersey in the second round of the 1984 NBA draft from Longwood University ( then Longwood College ) in Farmville , Virginia . He was a member of the Spurs during their 1999 NBA Finals victory over the New York Knicks . Following his playing career , Kersey worked with his former Portland teammate and then-head coach of the Milwaukee Bucks Terry Porter as an assistant in 2005 . Kersey died from a pulmonary embolism caused by a blood clot at his home in Tualatin , Oregon on February 18 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0451e87146740f305b201c8e56c68c9a", "text": "List of career achievements by Kevin Durant This page details the records , statistics and career achievements of American basketball player Kevin Durant . Durant is an American basketball small forward who plays for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ea0570cd3e9957a8489ae4e4426f307", "text": "1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio . During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game . In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ee2a6febc9b0067998b1e58828db9", "text": "2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury . After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors . This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f84ad9b6d86f4ed66a51351fa174906", "text": "1996–97 Denver Nuggets season The 1996 -- 97 NBA season was the Nuggets ' 21st season in the National Basketball Association , and 30th season as a franchise . In the offseason , the Nuggets acquired Mark Jackson and Ricky Pierce from the Indiana Pacers while signing free agent Ervin Johnson . However , after a 4 -- 9 start to the season , Bernie Bickerstaff was forced out as head coach and replaced with Dick Motta , where the Nuggets then lost ten straight games along the way . Midway through the season , Jackson was traded back to the Indiana Pacers , while Pierce was dealt to the Charlotte Hornets . Meanwhile , the Nuggets signed free agent Kenny Smith , who won championships with the Houston Rockets . As the season drew , the Nuggets still struggled losing 26 of their final 30 games finishing fifth in the Midwest Division with a 21 -- 61 record . Despite playing just 55 games due to injury , LaPhonso Ellis led the team in scoring with a career high of 21.9 points per game . Following the season , second-year star Antonio McDyess was traded to the Phoenix Suns , Dale Ellis was traded back to the Seattle SuperSonics , Johnson was dealt to the Milwaukee Bucks , Tom Hammonds signed as a free agent with the Minnesota Timberwolves , Smith retired and Motta was fired as coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0be58a585e4507649d469c217ea3e6f", "text": "2002 NBA Finals The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001 -- 02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets four games to none to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC -- the ( to date ) last NBA games broadcast on the network . Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 . Will Lyman narrated the season-ending documentary for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2d37a04bd3c7e3fdcc55512e1cfe826d	Michael Jackson's death was ruled on.	[ { "docid": "5e0cb67809f0d6922b858d0287bc43b0", "text": "Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson ( August 29 , 1958 -- June 25 , 2009 ) was an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , actor , and philanthropist . Called the `` King of Pop '' , his contributions to music , dance , and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades . The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 . He began his solo career in 1971 . In the early 1980s , Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . His music videos , including those of `` Beat It '' , `` Billie Jean '' , and `` Thriller '' from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool . The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame . Jackson 's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , `` Bad '' , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Dirty Diana '' , becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He continued to innovate with videos such as `` Black or White '' and `` Scream '' throughout the 1990s , and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist . Through stage and video performances , Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques , such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres . Thriller is the best-selling album of all time , with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide . Jackson 's other albums , including Off the Wall ( 1979 ) , Bad ( 1987 ) , Dangerous ( 1991 ) , and HIStory ( 1995 ) , also rank among the world 's best-selling albums . He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records . Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music . His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records , 13 Grammy Awards , the Grammy Legend Award , the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , 26 American Music Awards -- more than any other artist -- including the `` Artist of the Century '' and `` Artist of the 1980s '' , 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career -- more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era -- and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide . Jackson won hundreds of awards , making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music . He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when `` Love Never Felt So Good '' reached number nine on May 21 , 2014 . Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism , and , in 2000 , the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities , more than any other entertainer . Aspects of Jackson 's personal life , including his changing appearance , personal relationships , and behavior , generated controversy . In 1993 , he was accused of child sexual abuse , but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought . In 2005 , he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts . While preparing for his comeback concert series , This Is It , Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25 , 2009 , after suffering from cardiac arrest . The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide , and his personal physician , Conrad Murray , was convicted of involuntary manslaughter . Jackson 's death triggered a global outpouring of grief , and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world . Forbes ranks Jackson the top-earning dead celebrity , with earnings of $ 825 million in 2016 , the highest yearly amount ever recorded by the publication .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84a5a030191dd64e3f3f3164ea99114", "text": "Speechless (Michael Jackson song) `` Speechless '' is a song by the American recording artist Michael Jackson , included on his tenth studio album , Invincible ( 2001 ) . It was only released as a promotional single in South Korea . The singer was inspired to write the ballad after a water balloon fight with children in Germany . Jackson collaborated on the production with musicians such as Jeremy Lubbock , Brad Buxer , Novi Novoq , Stuart Bradley and Bruce Swedien . Andraé Crouch and his gospel choir provided backing vocals . Executives at Jackson 's record label , Epic Records , responded positively to the track when given a preview several months before Invincibles release . `` Speechless '' was issued as a promotional single , receiving mixed reviews from music critics . Commentary focused on the track 's a cappellas , lyrics and music . A clip of Jackson singing `` Speechless '' was included in the 2009 documentary-concert film Michael Jackson 's This Is It .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf322b553e859cc348d9313401bfdbb", "text": "Cory Maye Cory Jermaine Maye ( born September 9 , 1980 ) is a former prisoner in the U.S. state of Mississippi . He was originally convicted of murder in the 2001 death of a Prentiss , Mississippi police officer Ron W. Jones , during a drug raid on the other half of Maye 's duplex . Maye has said he thought that the intruders were burglars and did not realize they were police . He pleaded not guilty at his trial , citing self-defense . Nevertheless , Maye was convicted of murder and was sentenced to death . Maye 's case attracted little attention until late 2005 , when Reason magazine senior editor and police misconduct researcher Radley Balko brought it to light on his blog The Agitator . Balko 's research raised several questions about Maye 's conviction and in particular about the reliability of medical examiner Steven Hayne , who performed the autopsy on Jones and testified at the trial . According to Maye 's supporters , his conviction also brought up issues such as the right to self-defense , police conduct in the War on Drugs , racial and social inequities in Mississippi and whether he received competent legal representation . On September 21 , 2006 , Maye 's death sentence was unexpectedly overturned by Judge Michael Eubanks , who ruled that Maye had received incompetent legal representation during his sentencing phase , and ordered a new sentencing hearing . Maye was sentenced to life in prison . On November 17 , 2009 , the Mississippi Court of Appeals ruled that Maye 's constitutional right of vicinage was violated when Judge Eubanks refused to return the case to Jefferson Davis County , where the alleged crime occurred . The en banc court reversed Maye 's conviction and remanded the case for a new trial . The State of Mississippi appealed to the Mississippi Supreme Court , which agreed to hear the case . On December 2 , 2010 , the Mississippi Supreme Court issued its decision , in which it held that Maye was entitled to a new trial on the ground that the trial court had improperly refused to issue a self-defense instruction that would have highlighted for the jury Maye 's right to act in defense of his infant daughter , who was present in the home on the night of the police raid that led to the shooting . On July 1 , 2011 , Judge Prentiss Harrell signed a plea agreement in which Maye pleaded guilty to manslaughter ; Maye was then sentenced to ten years in prison , time he had already served . Maye was transferred to Rankin County , Mississippi for procedural paperwork and out-processing and was released on July 18 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f5f33808709ad8e10fd1f05fa9f0ca", "text": "This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin . Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million . In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed . After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c8dcb5c884e5ac088e517f26a0d4987", "text": "Michael Jackson (linebacker) Michael Jackson ( born July 15 , 1957 ) is a former professional American football player who played linebacker in eight NFL seasons for the Seattle Seahawks . Jackson was born in Pasco , Washington . A 1975 graduate of Pasco High School , he has enjoyed greater success and accumulated more career achievements than any other Bulldog . A three-year/three-sport letterman , he was the team captain in both football and baseball while garnering All-State honors and receiving the Denning Award for Outstanding Athlete by the Pasco Jaycees as a senior . At the University of Washington , Jackson earned four varsity letters and was named to their All-Centennial Football Team . He was also selected as the Inland Empire Amateur Athlete of the Year in 1977 , a season in which he helped lead the Huskies to the Rose Bowl . The eyes of the nation were on him during that game as he made a vital end zone interception that helped seal Washington 's victory over the University of Michigan . Jackson holds several defensive school records for the Huskies , including single season ( 210 ) and career ( 569 ) tackles . Among the several honors he received for the U of W include Sports Illustrated Player of the Week ( 11-12-77 ) , Husky Team Captain ( 1978 ) , All Pac-8 & Pac-10 Linebacker ( 1977 -- 78 ) and several All-American selections . In 1979 , he was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the NFL Draft , where he began an eight-year career as a starting linebacker . One of the team 's all-time defensive greats , he led the Seahawks in tackles for a number of seasons and is among the career leaders in that category . He also earned 21 game balls for his outstanding play and has received numerous other awards including team MVP , Most Improved Player and the Seattle P.I. 's Sports Star of the Year . Jackson is active off the field with charities including the March of Dimes , Special Olympics , and the United Way . He has had 14 movie and television roles and was voted into the Pasco High School Hall of Fame in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e7ab93701f7e59a97f16fcbe4132df2", "text": "Certificate of appealability In the most common types of habeas corpus proceedings in the United States federal courts , a certificate of appealability is a legal document that must be issued before a petitioner may appeal from a denial of the writ . The certificate may only be issued when the petitioner has made a `` substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right . '' The application may be made explicitly , but a notice of appeal made without a certificate of appealability is treated as an implicit application for the certificate . `` To obtain a -LSB- certificate of appealability -RSB- , the -LSB- petitioner -RSB- must make a request to a district or circuit court judge . In the application , the -LSB- petitioner -RSB- includes the issues he wishes to raise on appeal . In general , the application process is informal , there is no hearing , and the government rarely files a brief in response to the prisoner 's request . The determination is simply made in chambers . If the district court judge denies the request , the -LSB- petitioner -RSB- may apply to the circuit judge . In addition , a notice of appeal to the circuit court can be treated as a request for a COA . '' Under Rule 22 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure , `` a certificate of appealability is not required when a state or its representative or the United States or its representative appeals . '' A certificate of appealability is also not required for petitioners seeking a writ of coram nobis ; however , the writ of coram nobis is only available for those who are no longer in-custody ( or on probation ) and the issues raised in the petition could not have been known while the petitioner was in-custody . The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 changed the procedures for issuing a certificate of appealability in federal court . Under the 1996 law , `` there can be no appeal from a final order in a § 2255 proceeding unless a circuit justice or judge issues a certificate of appealability . '' The United States Supreme Court held in Slack v. McDaniel , 529 U.S. 473 ( 2000 ) , that the standard for issuing a certificate is whether `` reasonable jurists could debate whether ( or , for that matter , agree that ) the petition should have been resolved in a different manner . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16c6763fca49eaa01a738b33e9dadbab", "text": "Chicago (Michael Jackson song) `` Chicago '' is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson . The song was originally recorded during the Invincible recording sessions under the name `` She Was Lovin ' Me '' . A reworked version of the song was included in Jackson 's posthumous album Xscape . It was first revealed that `` Chicago '' would be the first release from the Xscape album . However , plans changed and `` Love Never Felt So Good '' became the debut release instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdc25ff2226580bea612f5f7248d0658", "text": "Butterflies (Michael Jackson song) `` Butterflies '' is a song by Michael Jackson . It was written and composed by Andre Harris and Marsha Ambrosius , and produced by Jackson and Harris . The track appears on Jackson 's tenth studio album , Invincible ( 2001 ) , and is Jackson 's final single from a studio album . `` Butterflies '' is a midtempo ballad song with R&B musical styles . The single received generally positive reviews from music critics ; some music reviewers described the song as being one of the best songs on Invincible while others felt that it was a `` decent track '' . The song was only released in the United States to radio airplay . It peaked at number fourteen on the Billboard Hot 100 , and also charting at number two and thirty-six , respectively , on alternative Billboard charts in 2001 and 2002 . There was no music video released for the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ffe7d73552286c79b7ee7d31f2098", "text": "Music and Me (Michael Jackson song) `` Music and Me '' is a 1973 single released by Michael Jackson on the Motown label . It was the singer 's second single release from the album Music & Me . It reached number 29 in the Netherlands and number 49 in Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbea0501fdd1379505174d687d49502", "text": "Smooth Criminal `` Smooth Criminal '' is the seventh single from American recording artist Michael Jackson 's 1987 Bad album . The song contains a fast-paced beat intertwined with Jackson 's lyrics about a woman named Annie , who has been violently attacked in her apartment by a `` smooth '' assailant . First broadcast on television as a video in early October , it was released as a single on October 21 , 1988 , and peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was re-released on April 10 , 2006 , as a part of the Visionary : The Video Singles box set . The re-released Visionary single charted at number 19 in the UK . The song is one of Jackson 's signature songs , and has appeared on numerous greatest hits albums , including Number Ones , The Essential Michael Jackson , Michael Jackson : The Ultimate Collection , King of Pop , This Is It , and Immortal . The song serves as the theme song to Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker , and plays as the background soundtrack in a section of the video game Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059b43558003c53d189f8033c901c5d6", "text": "Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour) The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by Michael Jackson and The Jackson family between July and December 1984 . It was the first and only tour with all six Jackson brothers ( even though Jackie was injured for most of the tour ) . The group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million . Most came to see Michael , whose album Thriller was dominating the popular music world at the time . Many consider it to be his Thriller tour , with most of the songs on the set list coming off of his Off the Wall album and from the Thriller album . The tour reportedly grossed approximately $ 75 million ( US$ in dollars ) and set a new record for the highest grossing tour . It showcased Michael 's single decorated glove , black sequined jacket and moonwalk . Despite its focus on Michael , it was named after the newly released Jacksons ' album Victory although none of the album 's songs were performed . Marlon confirmed this was because Michael refused to rehearse or perform them ; in fact , he had only reluctantly joined his brothers , who needed the income while he himself did not . On the tour , tensions between Michael and his brothers increased to the point that he announced at the final show that it would be the last time they would perform together , ending plans for a European leg . The Jacksons did make money from the tour , along with promoter Don King . Michael donated his share to several charities as he had promised before it , but the rancour between him and his brothers had a deep and lasting effect on the Jacksons as a family , alienating him from them for most of his later life and it effectively ended the Jacksons as a performing group . The tour was also a financial disaster for promoter Chuck Sullivan , who along with his father Billy was eventually forced to sell the New England Patriots football team they owned , along with Foxboro Stadium , the team 's home field , as a result of the losses he incurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa3c8d617b5661170dc3c7162e8e267a", "text": "Capital punishment in Jamaica Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Jamaica . Currently , the only crime punishable by death is aggravated murder . The method of execution is hanging . The last person executed in Jamaica was Nathan Foster , who was convicted of murder and hanged in 1988 . The Jamaican Parliament had placed a moratorium on the death penalty until 2009 , when it was lifted . Since 2009 , capital punishment is legal and executions in Jamaica may resume ; however , in practice , the moratorium continues , and there have been no executions since . It is estimated that there are seven or eight inmates in Jamaica currently under the sentence of death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e8378d8b439f54f15dc09f2d15ca34", "text": "Torture (The Jacksons song) `` Torture '' is the second single released off the album Victory by the band , The Jacksons . Written by Jackie Jackson and fellow Motown veteran Kathy Wakefield , the song is about someone ending a relationship and the torture that a person can receive while trying to end it . Jackie was originally going to sing the song with his brother , Michael , but Jackie 's role instead went to Jermaine Jackson , whose availability for the album was in question until the last minute . The rest of the Jacksons sang the chorus along with Michael and Jermaine . The song received mixed reactions from critics . The video was probably best known for Michael not being available , and the use of a wax dummy in his place throughout the video . Paula Abdul replaced Perri Lister as the video 's choreographer , in which various scenes of torture are displayed with the Jacksons being on the receiving end of most of it . The shoot was an expensive and arduous affair that neither Michael nor Jermaine took part in , and it ultimately bankrupted the production company . The song peaked at # 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the second best selling single on the album , behind `` State of Shock '' . It also peaked at # 26 on the UK charts . This was their last single to reach the US Top 40 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b63a529409ea1dc3c3477198b0b1f5d5	Debbie Reynolds starred in the revival of Irene in 1994.	[ { "docid": "20e49dab8b75e14ef11e2c2c1c6c9505", "text": "Debbie Reynolds Mary Frances `` Debbie '' Reynolds ( April 1 , 1932 -- December 28 , 2016 ) was an American actress , singer , businesswoman , film historian , humanitarian , and mother of the actress and writer Carrie Fisher . She was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her portrayal of Helen Kane in the 1950 film Three Little Words , and her breakout role was her first leading role , as Kathy Selden in Singin ' in the Rain ( 1952 ) . Other successes include The Affairs of Dobie Gillis ( 1953 ) , Susan Slept Here ( 1954 ) , Bundle of Joy ( 1956 Golden Globe nomination ) , The Catered Affair ( 1956 National Board of Review Best Supporting Actress Winner ) , and Tammy and the Bachelor ( 1957 ) , in which her performance of the song `` Tammy '' reached number one on the Billboard music charts . In 1959 , she released her first pop music album , titled Debbie . She starred in How the West Was Won ( 1963 ) , and The Unsinkable Molly Brown ( 1964 ) , a biographical film about the famously boisterous Molly Brown . Her performance as Brown earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . Her other films include The Singing Nun ( 1966 ) , Divorce American Style ( 1967 ) , What 's the Matter with Helen ? ( 1971 ) , Charlotte 's Web ( 1973 ) , Mother ( 1996 ) ( Golden Globe nomination ) , and In & Out ( 1997 ) . Reynolds was also a cabaret performer . In 1979 , she founded the Debbie Reynolds Dance Studio in North Hollywood , which still operates today . In 1969 , she starred on television in The Debbie Reynolds Show , for which she received a Golden Globe nomination . In 1973 , Reynolds starred in a Broadway revival of the musical Irene and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Musical . She was also nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her performance in A Gift of Love ( 1999 ) and an Emmy Award for playing Grace 's mother Bobbi on Will & Grace . At the turn of the millennium , Reynolds reached a new younger generation with her role as Aggie Cromwell in Disney 's Halloweentown series . In 1988 , she released her autobiography titled , Debbie : My Life . In 2013 , she released a second autobiography , Unsinkable : A Memoir . Reynolds also had several business ventures , including ownership of a dance studio and a Las Vegas hotel and casino , and she was an avid collector of film memorabilia , beginning with items purchased at the landmark 1970 MGM auction . She served as president of The Thalians , an organization dedicated to mental health causes . Reynolds continued to perform successfully on stage , television , and film into her eighties . In January 2015 , Reynolds received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award . In 2016 , she received the Academy Awards Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . In the same year , a documentary about her life was released titled Bright Lights : Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds , which turned out to be her final film appearance ; the film premiered on HBO on January 7 , 2017 . On December 28 , 2016 , Reynolds was hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center following a medical emergency , which her son Todd Fisher later described as a `` severe stroke '' . She died from the stroke that afternoon , one day after the death of her daughter Carrie Fisher .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fc1afce6593f08d51ed84b7a9e695e6f", "text": "The Islanders (TV series) The Islanders is an American adventure television series which aired on ABC from 1960 to 1961 , starring William Reynolds , James Philbrook , and Diane Brewster . At the beginning of the series , Sandy Wade ( Reynolds ) and Zack Malloy ( Philbrook ) , co-owners of a Grumman Goose amphibious aircraft , start their one-plane airline in the Moluccas or Spice Islands of the southeastern Pacific Ocean . Throughout the series they experience a variety of adventures where seemingly harmless charter flights put them into danger . They are frequently aided in their endeavours by the unusually-named Wilhelmina '' Steamboat Willy '' Vanderveer ( Brewster ) and Shipwreck Callighan ( Roy Wright ) . The Islanders , primarily sponsored by Liggett & Myers ' Chesterfield cigarettes , aired at 9:30 Eastern time on Sunday evenings opposite The Jack Benny Program and Candid Camera on CBS and the second half of The Dinah Shore Show and the last season of The Loretta Young Show on NBC . William Reynolds stated in an interview , `` The series went from being sort of like a Terry and the Pirates or a Maverick type of concept to becoming just a bunch of people skulking around . It was n't very good . '' After The Islanders , Philbrook co-starred in the 1962-1963 season as a magazine publisher and the love interest of Loretta Young in her short-lived The New Loretta Young Show , which aired Mondays on CBS . Reynolds went on to star in two other ABC series , The Gallant Men , a World War II series , and The FBI with Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. . . Diane Brewster had earlier portrayed gambler `` Samantha Crawford '' in the first two seasons of Maverick ( 1957 ) and appeared in 1957-1958 in the first season of Leave It to Beaver as schoolteacher `` Miss Canfield , '' later replaced by Sue Randall as `` Miss Landers . '' Subsequently in the 1960s , as a favor to writer/producer Roy Huggins , Brewster occasionally portrayed without screen credit the murdered wife `` Helen Kimble '' ( in flashbacks ) in ABC 's The Fugitive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170edc15cfd335e6bab75c7e53061110", "text": "Herbert Reynolds Michael Elder Rourke ( 14 July 186726 August 1933 ) , who assumed the pen name Herbert Reynolds in 1913 , was an Irish-American lyricist . Reynolds wrote the lyrics to Jerome Kern 's first big hit , `` They Did n't Believe Me '' , interpolated into the 1914 American version of The Girl from Utah , produced by Charles Frohman . The show had a successful run of 140 performances at the Knickerbocker Theatre , opening on August 14 , 1914 . Frohman had hired the young Kern to write five new songs for the score together with Reynolds to strengthen what he felt was a weak first act . Julia Sanderson and Donald Brian starred in the production . He shared the lyric writing with P. G. Wodehouse in Miss Springtime ( 1916 ) , with additional music by Kern . Reynolds went on to collaborate with Kern and several other lyricists in the Broadway musical Very Good Eddie with a book by Guy Bolton and Philip Bartholomae , and again in Rock-a-Bye Baby ( 1918 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a0198c108436b22b35b8e11d4d0866c", "text": "Irene Kral Irene Kral ( January 18 , 1932 -- August 15 , 1978 ) was an American jazz singer who was born to Czechoslovakian parents in Chicago , Illinois , and settled in Los Angeles in the early 1960s . She died , due to breast cancer , in Encino , California . Kral 's older brother , Roy Kral , was a successful musician when she started singing professionally as a teenager . She sang with bands on tours led by Woody Herman and Chubby Jackson , former Herman bass player . She joined Maynard Ferguson 's band in the late 1950s and sang with groups led by Stan Kenton and Shelly Manne . She then started a solo career until her death at 46 years of age . She was a ballad singer who stated that Carmen McRae was one of her inspirations . She became more famous posthumously when Clint Eastwood used her recordings in his 1995 movie The Bridges of Madison County . Her style has been compared to that of Carmen McRae ( the two singers were friends ) . Dana Countryman quotes from Linda Dahl 's 1984 book on women in jazz , Stormy Weather : `` Irene Kral had a lovely , resonant voice with a discreet vibrato , flawless diction and intonation , and a slight , attractive nasality and shaping of phrases that resembled Carmen McRae 's . But where McRae 's readings tend to the astringent , Kral 's melt like butter . She was a master of quiet understatement and good taste . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb9354e0c0182fd24281880807a24d", "text": "Irene Taylor Irene Taylor ( 1906 -- 1988 ) was an American singer best known for her recorded work with Paul Whiteman . She was married to singer and bandleader Seger Ellis . Taylor came from Muskogee , Oklahoma , but seems to have begun her musical career in Dallas . There she made her recording debut for Okeh Records in 1925 , resulting in two sides where she is accompanied by local bandleader Jack Gardner . After that Taylor worked for a while with another local band , the Louisiana Ramblers , before going to New York City . In New York in 1928 Taylor made what is probably her best known and most frequently reissued recording : Mississippi Mud ( Victor 21274 ) with Paul Whiteman 's orchestra , also featuring Bix Beiderbecke and The Rhythm Boys ( including a young Bing Crosby ) . This was the first Whiteman recording ever to feature a female vocalist . Taylor would work briefly with Whiteman again during the early 1930s , replacing Mildred Bailey who had left the band due to disagreements regarding her salary . During this latter period , Taylor 's recordings with Whiteman included Willow Weep for Me ( Victor 24187 ) . This was the second recording ever of this future jazz standard by Ann Ronell and became a hit . She was also the vocalist on one of Whiteman 's hottest 1930 's recordings , `` In The Dim Dim Dawning '' ( Victor 24189 ) . Both songs were re-recorded 8 days later and were included in the rare 33 1/3 long play transcription ( L-16017 ) along with `` Take Me In Your Arms '' , sung by Jack Fulton . Otherwise Taylor worked mostly in radio during the 1930s , including regular appearances in Bing Crosby 's radio shows , and seems to have had her main base in Chicago . She also made a few records in her own name , first for Victor Records ( which were never issued ) and later for Vocalion Records . She also appeared on Broadway and in the Vitaphone short film Listening In where she sang I Ai n't Lazy , I 'm Just Dreamin ' . Probably in the 1930s , Taylor married pianist , crooner and bandleader Seger Ellis . She appeared as vocalist on several of her husband 's big band recordings during the late 1930s and early 1940s . Taylor told the Dallas Times-Herald in 1965 : `` I was on top of the world when it suddenly ended in 1944 . It was a hard adjustment . Not only was my career gone , but I could n't even speak for a year without sounding like I had laryngitis . I burned all of my scrapbooks , records and everything else that was a link with the past . I 'm afraid I was very bitter . '' After WWII , Taylor married Texas businessman Bill Gillett . They lived in Dallas Texas . Irene Gillett ( Taylor ) died on June 24th , 1988 . a", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd43db18b06586117298b2d356af4eb", "text": "Carol's Eve Carol 's Eve is a 1993 comedy/drama play directed by Valerie Mayhew and written by Pauline Lepor . The initial production starred Devora Millman , Richard Robert Redlin , Lesa Carlson , Allen Garfield , Boyd Jeffries , Barry Schwartz and Alicia Silverstone . The play was produced by Christine Redlin and Richard Robert Redlin at The MET Theatre in Hollywood , California . The play is set at an office party on Christmas Eve , which is also Carol 's ( Devora Millman ) 30th birthday . Carol 's intended suicide attempt , from the balcony of an L.A. high-rise , is stopped when a stream of partygoers visit the terrace . The conflict begins when Carol meets Michael ( R. Robert Redlin ) , the latter a former biker , now an unrelenting New Ager , who has experienced death when from an accident resulted in his coma . Alicia Silverstone starred as Debbie , a desperate coke-addicted lesbian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac3f155bfed8dec6eda18a8770f1672", "text": "Replikator RepliKator is a 1994 science fiction film starring Michael St. Gerard , Brigitte Bako Ned Beatty and Ilona Staller . In 1995 it took the Gold Award at the Houston Film Festival in the category of Sci-Fi / Horror and took the Silver award for Science Fiction at the Charleston International Film Festival . It was mostly a direct to home-video film but in Japan , Canada , Korea , South Africa , Malaysia and Indonesia , it had short theatrical and multiplex releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d1c55aabb7a6a1e50c63923c978f090", "text": "Death and the Maiden (film) Death and the Maiden is a 1994 mystery drama film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Sigourney Weaver , Ben Kingsley and Stuart Wilson . It was based on the play by the same name by Ariel Dorfman , who also co-wrote the screenplay with Rafael Yglesias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42df87a2ab4dea3ed8727b017509b1ca", "text": "Skin Deep (1989 film) Skin Deep is a 1989 romantic comedy film written and directed by Blake Edwards , and starring John Ritter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf4c21f2574bac40110da37034fa8cc", "text": "The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89ab89510072cdcf7c389c6be2baf879", "text": "How Sweet It Is! How Sweet It Is ! is a 1968 comedy movie starring James Garner and Debbie Reynolds , with a supporting cast including Terry-Thomas and Paul Lynde . Garner plays a photographer who accompanies his wife and teenage son on an assignment in Paris , with both husband and wife struggling to stay faithful under extreme temptation . The film was written by producers Garry Marshall and Jerry Belson ( adapting Muriel Resnik 's novel The Girl in the Turqoise Bikini ) and directed by Jerry Paris . Jimmy Webb wrote the title song , and Patrick Williams scored the sound track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56dd4116873949e0c8b894fc1879d0c8", "text": "Before the Rain (1994 film) Before the Rain ( Пред дождот , Pred doždot ) is a 1994 British-French-Macedonian film starring Katrin Cartlidge , Rade Šerbedžija , Grégoire Colin , and Labina Mitevska . It was directed and written by Milcho Manchevski . The music was created by the band Anastasia . Director of photography was Manuel Teran , editor Nicolas Gaster , production designers David Munns and Sharon Lomofsky . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and won the Golden Lion award at 51st Venice International Film Festival , alongside Vive L'Amour by Tsai Ming-liang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86076aa0febc121a0b330472d5922814", "text": "Irene Hunt (actress) Irene Hunt ( February 22 , 1892 -- October 13 , 1988 ) was an American film actress of the silent era . She appeared in 120 films between 1911 and 1926 . She was born in New York , New York , and died in Paso Robles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05cb4fdfe7551a7552ea6a224aa13cf4", "text": "Iris (Cirque du Soleil) Iris was a resident Cirque du Soleil show based in Los Angeles , California . It premiered on September 25 , 2011 , after preview performances which began on July 21 , 2011 . The cost for production of the show was nearly $ 100,000,000 , which included the cost of renovating the Dolby Theatre in which the show was housed . Iris was written and directed by French director-choreographer Philippe Decouflé . The show explored images from the history of cinema and featured elaborate choreography , acrobatics , and a variety of contemporary circus acts . The name of the show , Iris , comes from the camera diaphragm as well as from the colored iris of the human eye . In November 2012 it was reported that Iris would end its run at the Dolby Theatre on January 19 , 2013 due to disappointing ticket sales . It was later reported that Cirque du Soleil looked into the possibility of taking Iris to other cities in the United States . Scenes from Iris would later be incorporated into the Cirque du Soleil show Paramour which debuted on Broadway in New York City on May 25 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4ff03665db82043f82dd5b20c652f94", "text": "Divorce American Style Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke , Debbie Reynolds , Jean Simmons , Jason Robards and Van Johnson . Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman . It focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems , and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony . The title is an homage to Divorce Italian Style ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f820b83ebd3b118e4a436d48d9a86a02", "text": "Flo Flo is an American sitcom and a spin-off of Alice that aired on CBS from March 24 , 1980 to July 21 , 1981 . The series starred Polly Holliday as the title character of sassy and street-smart waitress Florence Jean `` Flo '' Castleberry who returns to her hometown of Cowtown , Texas and becomes the proprietor of a rundown old roadhouse that she renames `` Flo 's Yellow Rose '' . Although the series was successfully in the Top 20 throughout its run , it was cancelled at the end of its second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16fcefa8bcf44b36f011a483bbe2712f", "text": "Is There Life Out There? Is There Life Out There is a 1994 American television film starring Reba McEntire , who also sings the title song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2ac7c52f602239551104645a15ff550", "text": "Irene (2009 film) Irene ( Irène ) is a 2009 French drama film directed by Alain Cavalier . It competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6eb4c4d139d2f80591007c0f0101732", "text": "Woodstock 1994 (Red Hot Chili Peppers album) Woodstock 1994 is a bootleg recording and a unofficial release of the Red Hot Chili Peppers , recorded on August 14 , 1994 at Woodstock ' 94 . The concert was released on CD and 2-LP Vinyl in 2016 . This concert was part of the band 's Tour de La Sensitive and was the second performance with guitarist Dave Navarro . The performance featured the live debut of the songs `` Aeroplane '' , `` Warped '' and `` Pea '' which would be featured on the band 's 1995 album , One Hot Minute although with slightly different lyrics than the live versions performed at Woodstock ' 94 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
02bdf149a8148d5c2a8f1db3214f7924	Everybody Needs a Best Friend is from A Million Ways to Die in the West.	[ { "docid": "b4bbe7a2bbd5bfba8be3a1bcdb71cead", "text": "Everybody Needs a Best Friend `` Everybody Needs a Best Friend '' is a song from the 2012 feature film Ted , with music composed by Walter Murphy and lyrics by Seth MacFarlane . Performed by Norah Jones during the film 's opening credits , the song was used as the film 's main theme song . It was released by Universal Republic Records on June 26 , 2012 . In January 2013 , the song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 85th Academy Awards , but lost to `` Skyfall '' from the film of the same name . MacFarlane was also the host of the Oscars while also being nominated .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8683021172c0bd2bc0bbbc5b6be5c647", "text": "Farewell My Friend `` Farewell My Friend '' is a song written by Dennis Wilson . It was released as the tenth track for his 1977 solo album Pacific Ocean Blue . The song was released as a single in Europe as the B-side of the `` River Song '' single . The single however , failed to chart . The track , as with the rest of the album , was credited as having been produced by Dennis Wilson and his close friend Gregg Jakobson . Dennis Wilson sings the lead vocals on this and every other track on the album . The song also features vocals from his brother , Carl Wilson . The song was written as a tribute to Otto Hinsche , the father of Billy Hinsche and the father-in-law of Dennis Wilson 's brother Carl , who was married to Annie Hinsche . Dennis wrote this tribute to Otto Hinsche , as he had died in Dennis 's arms . Dennis described the song as `` sort of a happy farewell '' . The song was played at Wilson 's funeral in January 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94448786d55e2eb160a817ac7c36f719", "text": "Way of the World (Cheap Trick song) `` Way of the World '' is a single by American rock band Cheap Trick , released from their 1979 album Dream Police . The song was written by Rick Nielsen and Robin Zander and produced by Tom Werman . In February 1980 it was released as a 7 '' vinyl single in the UK only , backed by `` Oh , Candy , '' from the first Cheap Trick album , and peaked at # 73 . It attempted to capitalize on the success of the mid-1979 single `` I Want You to Want Me '' and the live album Cheap Trick at Budokan which both entered the top 30 . In some countries `` Way of the World '' was released as the B-side to Cheap Trick 's 1980 single `` Everything Works if You Let It . '' `` Way of the World '' was produced by American producer Tom Werman who produced the entire Dream Police album as well the band 's 1977 album In Color and the 1978 album Heaven Tonight . No artwork was created for the single , with the 7 '' vinyl itself being packaged in an official Epic Records sleeve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c966b3eae8093fd9529511d0eb5c6c6c", "text": "We Are Your Friends (song) `` We Are Your Friends '' is a song credited to Justice vs. Simian , and is French duo Justice 's remix of the track `` Never Be Alone '' by Simian . It was released as a single in 2006 . It reached number 20 in the UK Singles Chart . The song 's music video won the 2006 MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video . The presentation of the award was interrupted by Kanye West . Despite winning the award for Best Hip-Hop , Kanye West apparently was so disappointed at not winning for Best Video that he crashed the stage when the award was being presented to Justice vs. Simian for `` We Are Your Friends '' . In a tirade riddled with expletives , Kanye West said he should have won the prize for his video `` Touch the Sky '' , because it `` cost a million dollars , Pamela Anderson was in it . I was jumping across canyons . '' `` If I do n't win , the awards show loses credibility '' , West said . The 2015 film We Are Your Friends took its title from the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e639166130d4b4f728c0c8ebd536f265", "text": "Everybody Loves Raymond Everybody Loves Raymond is an American television sitcom starring Ray Romano , Patricia Heaton , Brad Garrett , Doris Roberts , Peter Boyle , Madylin Sweeten , and Monica Horan . It premiered on CBS on September 13 , 1996 , and concluded on May 16 , 2005 after nine seasons . Many of the situations from the show could be inspired by the real-life experiences of Romano , creator/producer Phil Rosenthal , and the show 's writing staff . The main characters on the series might possibly be loosely based on Romano and Rosenthal 's real-life family members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7ed02ac5d3b7f0c5a05c4e005900184", "text": "Everybody Go Home Everybody Go Home ( Tutti a casa ) is a 1960 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Luigi Comencini . It features an international cast including the U.S. actors Martin Balsam , Alex Nicol and the Franco-Italian Serge Reggiani . Nino Manfredi was rejected for the starring role because Alberto Sordi wanted it . The film is one of the most famous films of the Commedia all ` italiana genre , and is set during the Allied invasion of Italy in 1943 . It also belongs to a large genre of Italian films about Italy during the chaos after the invasion and double occupation of September 1943 - others include Rome , Open City , Paisà , General della Rovere , Violent Summer , Long Night in 1943 , Escape by Night , Two Women , The Fascist , The Abandoned , The Four Days of Naples , and '' Salò , or the 120 Days of Sodom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af7f4abce8387712b3fce57dae401f7", "text": "Qui veut gagner des millions ? Qui veut gagner des millions ? ( Who Wants to Win Millions ? ) is the French version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? , which originated in Great Britain on the ITV network . The aim of the game is to win the top prize of $ 1,000,000 ( previously 3 & 4,000,000 before France adopted the euro ) by answering 12 ( formerly 15 ) multiple-choice questions correctly . It is broadcast on the TF1 network , and is hosted by Jean-Pierre Foucault . For more info about the show and rules , etc. , see Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? The money tree differs in amounts , but the format is virtually identical . Just like Kaun Banega Crorepati , the Indian version , the `` Switch the Question '' lifeline is available once a contestant has answered the 5th question correctly , instead of the 10th . As of April 2009 , the money tree eliminated the first three questions , reducing the number of possible questions faced to 12 , similar to the new UK format in play from September 2007 to February 2014 . For list of international variants of the show , see the List of national variants in Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? . The show served as a plot device in the French film My Best Friend .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "418b9346ac7afc57787551180a3ef4a3", "text": "Julius J. Epstein Julius J. Epstein ( August 22 , 1909December 30 , 2000 ) was an American screenwriter , who had a long career , best remembered for his screenplay , written with his twin brother , Philip , and Howard E. Koch , of the film Casablanca ( 1942 ) , for which the writers won an Academy Award . It was adapted from an unpublished play , Everybody Comes to Rick 's , written by Murray Bennett and Joan Alison . His identical twin died in 1952 , a loss that he felt for the rest of his life . He continued writing , receiving two more Oscar nominations . In 1998 , he received a Los Angeles Film Critics Association career achievement award . His credits included Four Daughters ( 1938 ) for which he received his first Oscar nomination , The Bride Came C.O.D. ( 1941 ) , The Man Who Came to Dinner ( 1942 ) , Mr. Skeffington ( 1944 ) , The Tender Trap ( 1955 ) , Light in the Piazza ( 1962 ) , Send Me No Flowers ( 1964 ) , Pete 'n' Tillie ( 1972 ) , and Reuben , Reuben ( 1983 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "639f9f352dddbe6a79dbd53b22d546f8", "text": "Tryin' to Throw Your Arms Around the World `` Tryin ' to Throw Your Arms Around the World '' is the ninth track from U2 's 1991 album , Achtung Baby . It is a tongue in cheek song about stumbling home drunk from a night out on the town . It is dedicated to the Flaming Colossus nightclub in Los Angeles . The album version includes keyboard playing by producer Brian Eno . During live performances on 1992-93 's Zoo TV Tour , lead singer Bono would spray a bottle of champagne towards the audience . It was played 136 times out of the 159 times on the tour , but has not been performed since then . However , it was snippeted at three concerts during the final leg of the U2 360 Tour in July 2011 . The song was edited out of the live video release Zoo TV : Live from Sydney ; it was later revealed that the concert ran long and the song needed to be edited in order to fit the concert into a two-hour timeslot . The line `` a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle '' is a quotation from Irina Dunn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c09b132bfc45d36229f0bed01f2fd305", "text": "I Need You (The Walker Brothers EP) I Need You is an Extended Play by the American pop group The Walker Brothers . It was released in 1966 reached number one on the UK EP Chart . It was released following the group 's second UK # 1 single when the group were at the height of their popularity . The EP was produced by John Franz , Ivor Raymonde and Reg Guest directed the musical accompaniment and the group 's live backing band The Quotations performed on `` Everything 's Gon na Be All Right '' . The EP is also notable as it includes the original Scott Walker and John Franz composition `` Young Man Cried '' . In Australia `` Young Man Cried '' was omitted from the EP and replaced with the album track `` Land of 1,000 Dances '' from the group 's debut album . All four tracks have since been re-released on the expanded edition of the group 's début album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ea472bbc7dcbd7d9ef6616659bbcce", "text": "He Was a Friend of Mine `` He Was a Friend of Mine '' is a traditional folk song in which the singer laments the death of a friend . The earliest known version of the song is titled `` Shorty George '' ( Roud 10055 ) and was first recorded by musicologist couple John A. and Ruby Terrill Lomax in 1939 at the Clemens State Farm in Brazoria County , Texas in a version performed by African-American inmate Smith Casey , who accompanied himself on guitar . Alan Lomax described the song as a `` blues '' that was `` a dirge for a dead comrade . '' The song has since been recorded by many artists , including Bob Dylan , Dave Van Ronk , The Washington Squares , Bobby Bare , Mercury Rev , The Black Crowes , The Mitchell Trio , Willie Nelson , Nanci Griffith , Cat Power , The Leaves and , in a reworded version , The Byrds . The version recorded by Willie Nelson was used in the film Brokeback Mountain and inaccurately credits Bob Dylan as the songwriter . Dylan had arranged an early version of the tune in 1961 and his version can be heard on the compilation album The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20ed7caff7a21f7b083cdcd4bf508a6a", "text": "...That's the Way It Is ... That 's the Way It Is is the thirteenth album by American singer Harry Nilsson , released in 1976 on RCA Records . Aside from two original songs , the album consists of cover tunes . The songs include `` That Is All '' , written by George Harrison and originally released on Living in the Material World in 1973 ; America 's `` I Need You '' , from their eponymous 1971 album ; Randy Newman 's `` Sail Away '' , from his 1972 album of the same name ; and the Heartbeats ' `` A Thousand Miles Away '' . Harrison 's song was recorded twice by Nilsson , to open and close the album . Another cover version on ... That 's the Way It Is , the calypso `` Zombie Jamboree '' , had previously been recorded by Lord Intruder , Kingston Trio and Harry Belafonte , among others . Nilsson 's medley of the 1963 Doris Troy hit `` Just One Look '' and Van McCoy 's `` Baby I 'm Yours '' was performed as a duet with singer Lynda Laurence . The latter , formerly of the Supremes , was the wife of Nilsson 's producer , Trevor Lawrence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ed1f64a92142da0eda1a6f82fb5382", "text": "West End Riot `` West End Riot '' was the fourth single taken from Australian rock group , The Living End 's debut self-titled album . It was released in July 1999 , and peaked at 83 on the Australian ARIA singles chart in August 1999 . The song was more popular with listeners of national radio station , Triple J , appearing at No. 48 on their Hottest 100 poll for that year . The song title and lyrics refer two boys who are born and raised in two different areas , who play together in the streets with toy guns , but who grow up to live very different lives , with their childhood fun being nothing more than a memory . The song is based on the West and East sides of Melbourne , even though in later years the feud has died down . The video for the song was directed by Don Letts , ( who also directed a number of The Clash 's videos ) . It was filmed in London whilst the band was touring the UK . A crowd favourite , it is often played at the end of a show , most notably at Festival Hall in 2006 . The song appears in the opening film clip for the PlayStation 2 video game World of Outlaws : Sprint Cars 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0138b00cfc4ff7bdbe6e7a02753992cc", "text": "W. C. Tuttle W. C. Tuttle ( November 11 , 1883 -- June 6 , 1969 ) was an American writer who sold more than 1000 magazine stories and dozens of novels , almost all of which were westerns.Tuttle wrote mainly for pulp magazines ; his main market was Adventure magazine . In a 1930 poll of its readers , Tuttle was voted the most popular writer in the magazine . Tuttle also wrote for other publications such as Argosy , Short Stories , Street & Smith 's Western Story Magazine , Field & Stream , West , New Western Magazine and Exciting Western . His best known character was Hashknife Hartley , who along with his friend Sleepy Stevens , served as unofficial detectives solving crimes on the ranches where they worked as cowboys . Critic Jeff Sadler stated Tuttle 's writing is `` at its best '' in the Hashknife stories . Sadler also claims Tuttle 's novel Vanishing Brands is his finest novel . . `` terse and dramatic , flecked with dry touches of wit , the novel is an excellent example of the Western form and a credit to its author '' . He was also a screenwriter of the silent era . He wrote for 52 films between 1915 and 1945 . A semi-pro baseball player in his youth , Tuttle served as President of the Pacific Coast Baseball League 1935-1943 . He was born in Montana and died in Los Angeles County , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4447f737ba4387b5527c073c2dbfd45", "text": "Die Hardest (film)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d4161ec4c1b3226e8d289f061f0cd61", "text": "Too Many Friends `` Too Many Friends '' is a single by alternative rock band Placebo , the first single off of their seventh studio album Loud Like Love . The single was released on 8 July 2013 , as a digital download but was actually released on 23 August 2013 in physical format as a limited edition CD and 7 '' single in Germany . The song deals with people on the internet and being far more close to friends on the internet , rather than off the computer . It is also about loneliness , which Placebo frontman Brian Molko said was the `` modern version of , ` I 'm sitting by the phone , waiting for you to call . ' ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
5d8e2e641930f39859dc51f366349bbc	Welcome Back (film) features Nana Patekar.	[ { "docid": "a3bb9525dc334b0676eb2186770bc706", "text": "Welcome Back (film) Welcome Back is an Indian action comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Firoz Nadiadwala , released in 2015 . It is a sequel to Welcome and features an ensemble cast that includes Anil Kapoor , Nana Patekar , John Abraham , Shruti Haasan , Paresh Rawal , Dimple Kapadia and Naseeruddin Shah . While Kapoor , Patekar and Rawal have reprised their roles from the 2007 film , Abraham and Hassan are new additions to the lead cast . Made on a budget of US$ 16 million , the film was largely shot in and around Dubai , United Arab Emirates . Welcome Back was released worldwide on 4 September 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "480e93b2070a4e7c1cab925dad779416", "text": "Rekha Bhanurekha Ganesan ( born 10 October 1954 ) , better known by her stage name Rekha , is an Indian film actress . Noted for her versatility and acknowledged as one of the finest actresses in Hindi cinema , Rekha started her career in 1966 as a child actress in the Telugu film Rangula Ratnam , though her film debut as a lead happened four years later with Sawan Bhadon . Despite the success of several of her early films , she was often panned for her looks and it was not until the mid-to-late 1970s that she got recognition as an actress . Rekha has acted in over 180 films in a career spanning over 40 years . Throughout her career , she has often played strong female characters and , apart from mainstream cinema , appeared in arthouse films , known in India as parallel cinema . She has won three Filmfare Awards , two for Best Actress and one for Best Supporting Actress , for her roles in Khubsoorat ( 1980 ) , Khoon Bhari Maang ( 1988 ) and Khiladiyon Ka Khiladi ( 1996 ) , respectively . Her portrayal of a classical courtesan in Umrao Jaan ( 1981 ) won her the National Film Award for Best Actress . Though her career has gone through certain periods of decline , she has reinvented herself numerous times and has been credited for her ability to sustain her status . In 2010 , she was honoured with the Padma Shri by the Government of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c48db185d294b07169b0a9346709129", "text": "Sardaar Ji 2 Sardaar Ji 2 ( previously The Return of Sardaarji ) is a 2016 Punjabi film starring Diljit Dosanjh , Sonam Bajwa and Monica Gill in lead roles and directed by Rohit Jugraj . The film was released on 24 June 2016 . Diljit performed triple role in this film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "870a3bf4d09a738be555b90cfbb1344e", "text": "Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon ( English : I 've Come Back With the Same Heart ) is a 1963 Indian Bollywood film . The film became a box office success . This was Nasir Hussain 's second production ( his first in colour ) , after the hit film Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai ( 1961 ) . He also wrote and directed it . It starred Joy Mukherjee and the Nasir Hussain fixture Asha Parekh . Pran played the villain in the film and Rajindernath had a supporting role . It also contains many songs that Mohammed Rafi beautifully sung . This Nasir Hussain film had O.P. Nayyar as the music director , who had previously composed Hussain 's Tumsa Nahin Dekha ( 1957 ) . Majrooh Sultanpuri was the lyricist . The film included many superhit songs like the classic `` Dekho Bijli Dole Bin Badal Ki '' sung by Asha Bhosle and Usha Mangeshkar and `` Mujhe Pyar Mein '' sung by Asha Bhosle . It also included the rhythmic solo melodies `` Lakhon Hain Nigaah Mein '' and `` Banda Parwar '' both sung by Mohammed Rafi , which are popular even to this day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eacca296a8856e3564d9bbf7d4fb26a1", "text": "Makarand Anaspure Makarand Anaspure is an Indian actor . He is popular on television and has acted in several Marathi movies . He is mainly known for his comedy and intelligent roles in Marathi cinema . He has also played a cameo for one episode in the Hindi serial Tu Tu Main Main and as an Umpire along with co-stars - Bharat Jadhav ( Pachadlela fame ) and Arun kadam ( Pran Jaaye Par Shaan Na Jaaye ) . He credits Nana Patekar for his access in the film industry . Makarand started his career using his unique proficiency in the Marathwada accent of Marathi language , and it is one of his specialties . Makarand came to fame after having worked in Saatchya Aat Gharat and Kaydyacha Bola . Makarand Anaspure entered into direction by directing Marathi film Dambis in 2011 . He has produced a couple of movies . In September 2015 , Nana Patekar and Makarand Anaspure established an organisation called Naam Foundation , which works to provide aid to farmers overcome by drought conditions in Maharashtra , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8568571d1d8245bff5d26e165f3f7aa4", "text": "Bajirao Mastani Bajirao Mastani is a 2015 Indian epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , who also composed the music of the film . It is jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International . The film stars Ranveer Singh as Bajirao I and Deepika Padukone as Mastani , with Priyanka Chopra playing Bajirao 's first wife Kashibai . Tanvi Azmi , Vaibbhav Tatwawdi and Milind Soman appear in supporting roles . Based on the Marathi novel Raau by Nagnath S. Inamdar , the film narrates the story of the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao ( 1700-1740 AD ) and his second wife Mastani . The film was in development for 15 years , with Bhansali wanting to make the film after Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam . However , several times , the production was delayed due to the changing cast . Principal photography started in mid 2014 after the casting of principal roles was finalised . The film was released on 18 December 2015 to critical acclaim from critics , who praised the direction , cinematography , production design , costumes , music and performances , particularly of Chopra , and Singh . The film has grossed over at the box-office , emerging as a commercial success and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time . The film received several accolades at various award ceremonies across India . At the 63rd National Film Awards , Bajirao Mastani received seven awards , including Best Direction and Best Supporting Actress for Tanvi Azmi . The film is featured among the 2016 Indian Panorama section of the International Film Festival of India . The film received fourteen nominations at the 61st Filmfare Awards , and won nine awards including Best Film , Best Director for Bhansali , Best Actor for Singh , and Best Supporting Actress for Chopra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc605fa42de0c24c980590163c2587cc", "text": "Pattabhishekam (1974 film) Pattabhishekam is a 1974 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Mallikarjuna Rao . The film stars Prem Nazir , Ushanandini , Adoor Bhasi and Jose Prakash in lead roles . The film had musical score by R. K. Shekhar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be96cf938a807b718b728aae130c7937", "text": "S. N. Patankar Shree Nath Patankar ( ? -1941 ) was an Indian producer , director , and cameraman . Referred to as `` one of the early pioneers of Indian Cinema '' , his influence is stated to be equal to that of Dadasaheb Phalke . He was one of a wide range of people who filmed the historic Delhi Durbar in 1911 held for King George V of England . The Durbar was also filmed by Madan and Hiralal Shah , another professional photographer from Bombay . Patankar initially teamed up with V. P. Divekar and A. P. Karandikar , with the renowned freedom fighter and Nationalist leader , Lokmanya Tilak , helping them in getting finance from Bhagwandas Chaturbhuj and Dharamdas Narayandas , two well-established financiers . Their debut production in 1912 , Savitri , directed by Patankar was unsuccessful . The three formed a production company called Patankar Union in 1913 . They produced The Death Of Narayanrao Peshwa also called The Murder Of Narayanrao Peshwa in 1915 , which has been cited as the first historical film of Indian cinema , as well as the mythological Ram Vanvas ( The Exile Of Rama ) ( 1918 ) . Patankar went on to form Patankar Friends and Company with Dwarkadas Sampat who had joined them in 1917 , producing and directing Kach-Devyani ( 1920 ) . He also worked as an actor in films like Mahashweta Kadambari ( 1922 ) , Videhi Janak ( 1923 ) , and Vaman Avatar ( 1923 ) , which were directed by him . In a career-span of fifteen years covering 1912-1926 , he made over forty films . According to Rajadhyaksha and Willemen , Patankar 's `` historicals and mythologicals were among the most professionally made films before the studio era ( pre-1925 ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7fed4c3ccdb813dc2d135933d0f10ea", "text": "Phera Phera ( English language : The Return ) is a 1988 Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadeb Dasgupta . It was entered into the 38th Berlin International Film Festival , competition section .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ebf5c576df80d5b84a4398f9bfad4b5", "text": "Chann Pardesi Chan Pardesi is a Punjabi language film released in 1981 . It was directed by Chitrarth Singh and starred Raj Babbar , Rama Vij , Amrish Puri , Kulbhushan Kharbanda and Om Puri . Chan Pardesi was a seminal film that debuted many future Bollywood legends both in front of and behind the camera , and was Raj Babbar 's first ever film . Chan Pardesi won India 's National Film Award in 1980 and went on to become a big commercial success when it eventually found distribution in 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd106141b55c2d6b107d8755d8bb5b1", "text": "Mere Sanam Mere Sanam ( English : My Lover मेरे सनम ) was a Hindi film released in 1965 starring Asha Parekh , Biswajeet , Pran , Rajendra Nath and Mumtaz . The film was a hit at the box office , especially because of the musical score by Majrooh Sultanpuri , O.P. Nayyar and Asha Bhonsle-Mohammed Rafi combination . The Songs ` Jaiye Aap Kahan Jayenge ' , ` Yeh Hai Reshmi Zulfon Ka Andhera ' , ` Pukarta Chala Hoon Main ' and ` Humdum Mere Maan Bhi Jao ' are milestones in Hindi film music . This film is the unofficial remake of Come September which is a 1961 romantic comedy film directed by Robert Mulligan , and starring Rock Hudson , Gina Lollobrigida , Sandra Dee and Bobby Darin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e027dca8912e982679d9a55691c8b5", "text": "Nana Patekar Vishwanath `` Nana '' Patekar ( नाना पाटेकर , born 1 January 1951 ) is an Indian actor , writer and filmmaker , mainly working in Hindi and Marathi films . He won a National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Parinda ( 1989 ) . He then won the Filmfare Best Villain Award for his role on Angaar ( 1992 ) . In 1995 , he won the National Film Award for Best Actor as well as the Filmfare and the Screen awards for Best Actor for his role in Krantiveer ( 1994 ) . He also won his second Filmfare Best Villain Award for his role in Apaharan ( 2005 ) . He is also the only actor ever to win Filmfare Award for Best Actor , Best Supporting Actor and Best Villain categories . He was bestowed the fourth highest civilian honour of India when he was awarded the Padma Shri award for his dedication in the field of Films and Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b34e9147c6c8670d2f4a742cb46abd20", "text": "Most Welcome 2 Most Welcome 2 is a Bangladeshi action film written by and directed by Ananta Jalil . It is considered to be one of the most expensive films in the history of Bengali cinema . Development began in February 2012 . The film is a sequel of 2012 blockbuster Most Welcome , The film released in 2014 . The film stars Ananta Jalil and Barsha in leading roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633d1e6c456682b93fe23ddb1c87c904", "text": "Begum Akhtar discography Begum Akhtar ( 1914 -- 1974 ) was a Hindustani classical singer of dadra , thumri and ghazals . Cited as `` one of India 's finest ghazal singers '' , she was referred to as Mallika-E-Tarannum or Mallika-e-Ghazal ( Queen of Ghazals ) . Akhtar 's first recording was a combination of ghazals and dadras for the HMV label and the ghazal `` Woh Asire-Daam-e-Bala '' became popular . Akhtar 's performances were in the nature of a classical presentation with just the traditional accompaniment of the tabla , sitar and harmonium.Her rendering of Ghalib 's ghazals like `` Aah Ko Chahiye Ik Umr Asar Hone Tak '' and `` Koi Umeed Bar Nahin Aati '' made her a `` household name '' . She started her career as a mehfil singer under her name Akhtari Bai , and became famous when she sang at the Bihar earthquake music conference in 1934 . On the basis of the popularity she got offers in films , starting her career with Ek Din Ka Badshah and Nal Damayanti ( 1933 ) produced by the East India Company , Calcutta . In 1942 , she was cast by Mehboob Khan in Roti . One of the songs that became popular was `` Phir Se Fasle Bahar Aayi '' . There was a hiatus of five years in her career when she married Ishtiaq Ahmed Abbasi , Nawab of Kakoli in 1945 . She returned to films with Dana Pani ( 1953 ) and Ehsan ( 1954 ) . She stopped working in films after 1956 but continued giving performances on stage . Her repertoire included the ghazals of Ghalib , Momin , Faiz Ahmed Faiz , Jigar Moradabadi , Shakeel Badayuni , Mir Taqi Mir , Sauda and Shamim Jaipuri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c18b6c4ee7f8b140cee643159856510", "text": "Neeli Neeli ( -LSB- ) ( born Neelofar ( -LSB- ) , Multan , Punjab ) is a Pakistani film actress who acted in both Urdu and Punjabi language films . The director/producer Yunus Malik , a family friend , offered Neeli a role in a Punjabi film called Akhri Jang . Sangeeta signed her for a role in the Urdu film Kasam Munne Kee . After that film , Sajjad Gul signed her up in his films Choron Ki Barat and Haseena 420 . She starred in Madame Bavary in 1988 and had a double role in Kalay Chor . Later , she was paired with Javed Sheikh , and together they starred in Sher Ali ( 1992 ) , Khuda Gawah ( 1993 ) , Mushkil ( 1995 ) , Jeeva ( 1995 ) , and Chief Saab ( 1996 ) . Mushkil , dealing with the subject of child labour , was Sheikh 's debut as director . After the decline of the Pakistani film industry in the early 2000s , Neeli gradually left the business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46613f84cfb7a1485b7f11d61312678e", "text": "Sandwich (2006 film) Sandwich is a 2006 Bollywood comedy film starring Govinda , Raveena Tandon and Mahima Chaudhary . The film is directed by Anees Bazmee who is famously known for directing blockbuster comedy films like No Entry ( 2005 ) , Welcome ( 2007 ) and Ready ( 2011 ) . This film was completed in 2003 but was delayed for three years and finally released in 2006 . The movie was remade in Kannada as Double Decker ( film ) . Earlier the title of movie was `` Hum Do Hamara Ek '' . Due to delay in releasing the movie title was changed to `` Sandwich ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baa494674873544a7009fe5d3ed107fd", "text": "Maleeka R Ghai Maleeka R Ghai is an Indian actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afbe385fb42c4880250d708037a559e9", "text": "Parvathy (actress) Parvathy ( born Parvathy Thiruvoth Kottuvata ) is an Indian film actress from Kozhikode , Kerala , who stars in South Indian films . She made her debut in the 2006 Malayalam film Out of Syllabus . She 's well known for her performances in films such as Notebook ( 2006 ) , Poo ( 2008 ) , Prithvi ( 2010 ) , City of God ( 2011 ) , Maryan ( 2013 ) , Bangalore Days ( 2014 ) , Uttama Villain ( 2015 ) , Ennu Ninte Moideen ( 2015 ) , Charlie ( 2015 ) and Take Off ( 2017 ) . Parvathy has won various awards and accolades for her roles . Parvathy won the 2015 Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for her performances in the Malayalam films Ennu Ninte Moideen and Charlie . She won Filmfare awards for various roles as well , including the 2015 Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her role as Kanchanamala in the Malayalam film Ennu Ninte Moideen ( 2015 ) and the 2008 Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her role as Maari in the Tamil film Poo . She also won the 2014 Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as RJ Sarah in the Malayalam film Bangalore Days ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b71b9aadab548ede496715007460814", "text": "Paisa Paisa (2016 film) Paisa Paisa is a fictional film directed by Joji Raechal Job . The film stars Sachit Patil , Rajendra Chawla and Spruha Joshi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09b6b714eef93822f7e31f4d96dc1b55", "text": "Hasti Hasti ( Hindi : हस्ती ) is a 1993 Bollywood film directed by Ashok Gaekwad and produced by Sandeep D. Shinde . It stars Jackie Shroff , Naseeruddin Shah , Nagma and Varsha Usgaonkar in pivotal roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f91393fa3b33ba4d81ca9a38a210a8ed", "text": "Ruby Parihar Ruby Parihar is an Indian actress from Delhi . Her first role was in the movie Prasthanam , directed by Deva Katta . She has appeared in Sandalwood ( Kannada Film ) along with Yaksha . Ruby 's 2nd film in Tollywood is I Hate U , under the direction of Satya ( Puri Jaganath associate ) She also acting in the Bollywood remake of the hit movie Johny Gaddar remake in Telugu under the direction of Lakshmi Kanth Chenna Produced By Glitters . She Been lucky to be lady oriented film Rudrakshapalli ( shooting stage ) a film under the lines of Arundathi . . She has appeared as brand model for Sreeja Sarees Hyderabad as well as other top Brands across Delhi & Mumbai . She also received the prestigious Award NANDI in the best actress category for 3rd best film Prasathanam . Currently she also acted in the Bollywood movie Gabbar is Back . Interview See", "title": "" } ]	fever
0a4ec1be81b8ba348701e8abed623df9	Clint Eastwood is a television actor.	[ { "docid": "ef18722d29949b28cb60c21cdf6e9193", "text": "Clint Eastwood Clinton Eastwood Jr. '' ' ( born May 31 , 1930 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , musician , and political figure . After achieving success in the Western TV series Rawhide , he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone 's Dollars trilogy of spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s , and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s . These roles , among others , have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity . For his work in the Western film Unforgiven ( 1992 ) and the sports drama Million Dollar Baby ( 2004 ) , Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture , as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor . Eastwood 's greatest commercial successes have been the adventure comedy Every Which Way But Loose ( 1978 ) and its sequel , the action comedy Any Which Way You Can ( 1980 ) , after adjustment for inflation . Other popular films include the Western Hang 'Em High ( 1968 ) , the psychological thriller Play Misty for Me ( 1971 ) , the crime film Thunderbolt and Lightfoot ( 1974 ) , the Western The Outlaw Josey Wales ( 1976 ) , the prison film Escape from Alcatraz ( 1979 ) , the action film Firefox ( 1982 ) , the suspense thriller Tightrope ( 1984 ) , the Western Pale Rider ( 1985 ) , the war films Where Eagles Dare ( 1968 ) , Heartbreak Ridge ( 1986 ) , the action thriller In the Line of Fire ( 1993 ) , the romantic drama The Bridges of Madison County ( 1995 ) , and the drama Gran Torino ( 2008 ) . In addition to directing many of his own star vehicles , Eastwood has also directed films in which he did not appear , such as the mystery drama Mystic River ( 2003 ) and the war film Letters from Iwo Jima ( 2006 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations , and the drama Changeling ( 2008 ) . The war drama biopic American Sniper '' ( 2014 ) set box office records for the largest January release ever and was also the largest opening ever for an Eastwood film . Eastwood received considerable critical praise in France for several films , including some that were not well received in the United States . Eastwood has been awarded two of France 's highest honors : in 1994 he became a recipient of the Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres , and in 2007 he was awarded the Legion of Honour medal . In 2000 , Eastwood was awarded the Italian Venice Film Festival Golden Lion for lifetime achievement . Since 1967 , Eastwood has run his own production company , Malpaso , which has produced all but four of his American films . Starting in 1986 , Eastwood served for two years as Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea , California , a non-partisan office .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "919dae474ee57a5047724f7ba061ebd6", "text": "Pat Hingle Martin Patterson `` Pat '' Hingle ( July 19 , 1924 -- January 3 , 2009 ) was an American actor who appeared in hundreds of television shows and feature films . His first film was On the Waterfront in 1954 . He often played tough authority figures . Hingle was a close friend of Clint Eastwood and appeared in the Eastwood films Hang 'em High , The Gauntlet and Sudden Impact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "060a32c06d406b41b15db68b2a38d53c", "text": "The Gauntlet (film) The Gauntlet is a 1977 American action film directed by Clint Eastwood , starring Eastwood and Sondra Locke . The film 's supporting cast includes Pat Hingle , William Prince , Bill McKinney , and Mara Corday . Eastwood plays a down-and-out cop who falls in love with a prostitute ( Locke ) whom he is assigned to escort from Las Vegas to Phoenix in order for her to testify against the mob .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de618f64d3c06a7157a7ddc9cf31e1b0", "text": "9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre . The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) . Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43cdfad74a987deee67df5bd2298557f", "text": "Tumbleweed Theater Tumbleweed Theater was an American anthology television series starring western/comedy band Riders in the Sky which ran from 1983 to 1988 . The premise of the show was each week , the Riders would present a B-Western/Singing Cowboy movie from the 1930s and 40s and perform songs and sketches between the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a185fd8e9a157cb9ff130ad268ad77f9", "text": "Walker, Texas Ranger Walker , Texas Ranger is an American action television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis . It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade , with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division . The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993 , with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes . Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25 , 1993 , to May 19 , 2001 , and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28 , 2001 . It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled Trial By Fire . The movie ended on a cliffhanger , which was never resolved . DVD sets of all seasons have been released ( with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season ) . At various times since 1997 , reruns of the show have aired , in syndication , on the USA Network and Action in Canada . Reruns can currently be seen on CBS Action , WGN America , INSP and Grit . The series was noted for its moralistic style . The characters refrained from the use of drugs , and they participated in community service . Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f85f18fa7e8532e2cc48d20d6b6b2d2", "text": "List of The Rockford Files episodes The Rockford Files is an American television drama series starring James Garner that aired on the NBC network between September 13 , 1974 , and January 10 , 1980 , and has remained in syndication to the present day . Garner portrays Los Angeles-based private investigator Jim Rockford with Noah Beery , Jr. , in the supporting role of his father , a retired truck driver nicknamed `` Rocky '' . The series debuted with a made-for-TV movie simply titled The Rockford Files . During the series run , there were a number of two-part episodes , as well as long ( 90 or 120 minutes ) episodes that were split into two parts for syndication ( and on later DVD releases ) . Filming stopped in the middle of the sixth season ( 1979-1980 ) , on the advice of star James Garner 's doctor . Garner , who had filmed many of his own stunts , injured his back and knees . In the 1990s , Rockford returned to the air in a series of eight TV movies on CBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a17d18cebda9ab0edf52b41e4139ee", "text": "Toughest Cowboy Toughest Cowboy is an American rodeo competition-based reality television program that follows twelve professional cowboys as they compete in three roughstock rodeo events -- bareback bronc riding , saddle bronc riding , and bull riding in effort to win the Toughest Cowboy championship and the grand prize of a ranch in the American West . Originally created by Jac Sperling and Tommy Joe Lucia , Toughest Cowboy is a combination of athletic competition and personal retrospectives creating a new genre of television , known as `` sports drama . '' The first broadcast aired April 8 , 2007 on the Fox Sports Network ( FSN ) . In 2009 , Mark Burnett signed on to produce the series for Spike TV . Whiskey Falls composed the theme song . The show follows a group of twelve professional rodeo cowboys through a series of live rodeo tournaments in which they must ride three different disciplines , whereas in most rodeo competitions , competitors ride in one specific discipline or event . This all-around competition adds a significantly higher likelihood of injury . Each week a competitor is eliminated from the competition , until the final four competitors remain . These four final cowboys must ride a total of six animals each ( two bareback broncs , two saddle broncs , two bulls ) during the championship tournament . Throughout the championship round each competitor amasses total ride points , the cowboy with the most total points at the conclusion of the finals is awarded the series championship and grand prize ranch . Toughest Cowboy also uses a modified point system based on the standard 8-second qualified ride from traditional rodeo . Rather than scoring a `` 0 '' for any ride shorted than eight seconds , Toughest Cowboy competitors are delivered penalty points for the 1/10 of seconds they are short of the full ride mark . Each 1/10 of a second is equal to 1 point . This eliminates the chance of a 0-0 tie between competitors . In addition to the athletic competition , the broadcast include segments outside of the rodeo arena . These segments give background on the competitor 's lives , most of which include visits to their homes . There are also interviews conducted during the live competition to provide an inside look at the cowboys thoughts during the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35b72dd69ebd23e219706cc084e033d2", "text": "Television criticism Television criticism is the act of writing or speaking about television programming with a view to evaluating its worth , meaning and other aspects . Such criticism can be found in daily newspapers , on culture discussion shows ( on TV and radio ) , and in specialist books and periodicals , all of which are in direct competition for audience from television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac78f212b1443cdcb8053df0900ccac", "text": "Clint Eastwood bibliography A list of books and essays about Clint Eastwood : Eastwood Category : Clint Eastwood", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1519921e84d8eb405cc4df89c8b29398", "text": "Scott Brady Scott Brady ( born Gerard Kenneth Tierney ; September 13 , 1924 -- April 16 , 1985 ) was an American film and television actor best known for his roles in western films and as a ubiquitous television presence . His acting career spanned 1948 - 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979996be2f024a91371a2151f585949f", "text": "The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction . The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad . Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally . For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows : Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air . Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare . Take his advice and you 'll look keen . You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean . You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan . From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd00946bfb71c0a7d2d118e1e9a9bef0", "text": "The Outcasts (TV series) The Outcasts is an American Western genre television series , appearing on ABC in the 1968-69 season . The series stars Don Murray and Otis Young . It is most notable for being the first television Western with an African American co-star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a755e4716b5b46db4a7c2d6a3db9a42f", "text": "Jackson Gillis Jackson Clark Gillis ( August 21 , 1916 -- August 19 , 2010 ) was an American radio and television scriptwriter whose career spanned more than 40 years and encompassed a wide range of genres . Gillis was born in Kalama , Washington to a highway engineer and a piano teacher . His family moved to California when he was a teenager . He attended California State University , Fresno , but transferred to Stanford University , where he earned his undergraduate degree in English in 1938 . He worked in England after graduating from college . After returning to the United States , he performed with the Barter Theatre in Virginia , together with Gregory Peck . George Bernard Shaw attended a performance of one of his plays , in which Gillis acted . Gillis received a note from Shaw that critiqued his exit , a postcard Gillis retained for decades . He enlisted in the United States Army and worked as an intelligence officer during World War II in the Pacific Theater . After completing his military service , Gillis moved to Los Angeles and took a job writing for radio shows , including the dramas The Whistler and Let George Do It . He moved into television scriptwriting and earned his first credit -- for an episode of Racket Squad , a series that starred Reed Hadley -- in 1952 . He wrote for The Adventures of Superman from 1953 to 1957 and also spent several years writing for Perry Mason and Lassie . His scriptwriting was prolific and varied , and over the years , he worked on shows such as Lost in Space , Hawaii Five-O , and Knight Rider . He wrote for the series Columbo , starring Peter Falk , from 1971 to 1992 . He also wrote a pair of detective novels , The Killers of Starfish and Chainsaw . After retiring from Hollywood in the 1990s , Gillis and his wife moved to Moscow , Idaho , to be near their daughter . Gillis was married to the former Patricia Cassidy , a fellow actor whom he met during his brief acting career at the Barter Theatre , until her death in 2003 . He died at age 93 on August 19 , 2010 , of pneumonia in Moscow , Idaho . His daughter recalled that her father watched little on television other than football , as `` he thought most of what was on TV was junk '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79f268545ba0db021ea9c584ba6bcfb9", "text": "List of programs broadcast by ETC This is a list of programs broadcast by ETC , a commercial broadcast television network owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation through its subsidiary Southern Broadcasting Network . Its local programming includes lifestyle , infotainment , infomercials and reality shows produced by the network itself . The channel also provides drama series , sitcoms , reality , movies and entertainment news programs . Most of American TV shows are from broadcast networks such as CBS , ABC , Fox , NBC , and The CW , and cable channels such as Bravo , E! , Lifetime , Freeform , VH1 and MTV . Several Australian shows are from Seven Network , and Network Ten . For the previously aired shows of SBN/ETC , see List of programs previously broadcast by Southern Broadcasting Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f58197d17b2aef325827f21095ea646", "text": "20th Television Twentieth Television ( or 20TV , stylized as 20th Television ) is an American television syndication studio and the syndication arm of 20th Century Fox Television itself a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e58aedfc4a8873987788bb4180130be", "text": "Outlaws (1986 TV series) Outlaws is an action-adventure American television series which aired Saturday nights on CBS . The original series began as a 2-hour pilot movie , and was followed by eleven one-hour episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c06ef519fc8bd04724911f6b65c715c", "text": "The Man from U.N.C.L.E. The Man from U.N.C.L.E. is an American spy fiction television series broadcast on NBC . It follows secret agents , played by Robert Vaughn and David McCallum , who work for a secret international counter-espionage and law enforcement agency called U.N.C.L.E. Originally , co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either `` Uncle Sam '' or the United Nations . Concerns by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 's ( MGM ) legal department about using `` U.N. '' for commercial purposes resulted in the producers ' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement . Each episode had an `` acknowledgement '' to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles . The series premiered on September 22 , 1964 and discontinued its run on January 15 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48929d0db43509ad9e93c04b85b6cea4", "text": "Gran Torino Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film co-stars Christopher Carley , Bee Vang and Ahney Her . This was Eastwood 's first starring role since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby . The film features a large Hmong American cast , as well as one of Eastwood 's younger sons , Scott . Eastwood 's oldest son , Kyle , provided the score . Gran Torino opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12 , 2008 , and later to a worldwide release on January 9 , 2009 . Set in Detroit , Michigan , it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans . Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975 . The story follows Walt Kowalski , a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world . Walt 's young neighbor , Thao Vang Lor , is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt 's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino for his initiation into a gang . Walt thwarts the theft with his M1 Garand rifle and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family . Gran Torino was a critical and commercial success , grossing nearly $ 270 million worldwide ( making it Eastwood 's second highest-grossing film to date ) . Within the Hmong community in the United States , the film received both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "831d0da25128d8468dbd0cb680b0e264", "text": "Next Action Star Next Action Star is an American reality television program shown on NBC from June to July 2004 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4a72b2adc72b7a013e9fc2df553f2132	Samuel L. Jackson was in the movie Unbreakable by M. Night Shyamalan.	[ { "docid": "f7bce45bfc685c53906f232b9f41853d", "text": "Unbreakable (film) Unbreakable is a 2000 American superhero thriller film written , produced , and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and starring Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson , alongside Robin Wright and Spencer Treat Clark . In the film , a security guard named David Dunn survives a horrific train crash . After the incident , with the help of a manipulative disabled comic book shop owner named Elijah Price , he learns that he possesses superhuman powers . As Dunn explores and reluctantly confronts his powers while trying to navigate a difficult family life , he begins to fight crime and learns the true nature of Elijah Price . Shyamalan organized the narrative of Unbreakable to parallel a comic book 's traditional three-part story structure . After settling on the origin story , Shyamalan wrote the screenplay as a speculative screenplay with Bruce Willis already set to star in the film and Jackson in mind to portray Elijah Price . Filming began in April 2000 and was completed in July . Unbreakable was released on November 22 , 2000 . It received positive reviews , with critics praising its aesthetics , the performances and particularly the score by James Newton Howard . The film has subsequently gained a strong cult following . Many regard it as one of Shyamalan 's best films , and in 2011 Time listed the film as one of the top ten superhero movies of all time . After years of development for a follow-up film , a thematic sequel entitled Split , with Willis reprising his role as David Dunn in a cameo role , was released in January 2017 . After financial and critical success , Shyamalan immediately began working on a third film , titled Glass which will be released January 18 , 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aad5fdb658b00ff706c0ca41ae08075", "text": "Samuel L. Jackson Samuel Leroy Jackson ( born December 21 , 1948 ) is an American actor and film producer . He achieved prominence and critical acclaim in the early 1990s with films such as Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , Patriot Games ( 1992 ) , Amos & Andrew ( 1993 ) , True Romance ( 1993 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) and his collaborations with director Quentin Tarantino including Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , and The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) . He is a highly prolific actor , having appeared in over 100 films , including Die Hard with a Vengeance ( 1995 ) , Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , Shaft ( 2000 ) , The 51st State ( 2001 ) , Black Snake Moan ( 2006 ) , Snakes on a Plane ( 2006 ) , and the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( 1999 -- 2005 ) , as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe . With Jackson 's permission , his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury . He later cameoed as the character in a post-credits scene from Iron Man ( 2008 ) , and went on to sign a nine-film commitment to reprise this role in future films , including major roles in Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Marvel 's The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and minor roles in Thor ( 2011 ) and Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) . He has also portrayed the character in the second and final episodes of the first season of the TV show Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. . He has provided his voice to several animated films , television series and video games , including the roles of Lucius Best / Frozone in Pixar Animation Studios ' film The Incredibles ( 2004 ) , Mace Windu in Star Wars : The Clone Wars ( 2008 ) , Afro Samurai in the anime television series Afro Samurai ( 2007 ) , and Frank Tenpenny in the video game Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas ( 2004 ) . Jackson has achieved critical and commercial acclaim , surpassing Frank Welker as the actor with the highest-grossing film total of all time in October 2011 , and he has received numerous accolades and awards . He is married to LaTanya Richardson , with whom he has a daughter , Zoe . Samuel L. Jackson is ranked as the highest all-time box office star with over $ 4.9053 billion total box office gross , an average of $ 69.1 million per film .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2c8dcb5c884e5ac088e517f26a0d4987", "text": "Michael Jackson (linebacker) Michael Jackson ( born July 15 , 1957 ) is a former professional American football player who played linebacker in eight NFL seasons for the Seattle Seahawks . Jackson was born in Pasco , Washington . A 1975 graduate of Pasco High School , he has enjoyed greater success and accumulated more career achievements than any other Bulldog . A three-year/three-sport letterman , he was the team captain in both football and baseball while garnering All-State honors and receiving the Denning Award for Outstanding Athlete by the Pasco Jaycees as a senior . At the University of Washington , Jackson earned four varsity letters and was named to their All-Centennial Football Team . He was also selected as the Inland Empire Amateur Athlete of the Year in 1977 , a season in which he helped lead the Huskies to the Rose Bowl . The eyes of the nation were on him during that game as he made a vital end zone interception that helped seal Washington 's victory over the University of Michigan . Jackson holds several defensive school records for the Huskies , including single season ( 210 ) and career ( 569 ) tackles . Among the several honors he received for the U of W include Sports Illustrated Player of the Week ( 11-12-77 ) , Husky Team Captain ( 1978 ) , All Pac-8 & Pac-10 Linebacker ( 1977 -- 78 ) and several All-American selections . In 1979 , he was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the NFL Draft , where he began an eight-year career as a starting linebacker . One of the team 's all-time defensive greats , he led the Seahawks in tackles for a number of seasons and is among the career leaders in that category . He also earned 21 game balls for his outstanding play and has received numerous other awards including team MVP , Most Improved Player and the Seattle P.I. 's Sports Star of the Year . Jackson is active off the field with charities including the March of Dimes , Special Olympics , and the United Way . He has had 14 movie and television roles and was voted into the Pasco High School Hall of Fame in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "570d372d3f482a91ec43670d4531d4eb", "text": "Unbreakable (James Cottriall song) `` Unbreakable '' is the debut single by English musician James Cottriall , from his first studio album Sincerely Me . It was released in Austria as a digital download on 9 April 2010 , it received massive support from almost every local and national Austrian radio station . The song was written by James Cottriall and produced by Alexander Kahr . It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 47 and peaked to number 16 , It reached number 1 in the Ö3 Hörercharts ( Most Requested Charts for Austria ) and remained in the Top 40 Charts for 20 weeks . The song was also featured on the Ö3 Greatest Hits vol . 50 and AustroPop Forever Vol . 4 compilation albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3069a96ae73a386fbac1c316e0b448d7", "text": "Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour Live in Bucharest : The Dangerous Tour is a live concert DVD by American recording artist Michael Jackson released on July 25 , 2005 . The DVD was previously included with The Ultimate Collection box set in 2004 . The concert took place during Jackson 's first leg on his Dangerous World Tour on October 1 , 1992 at the Bucharest National Stadium , with a sold-out attendance of 90,000 . This concert is the first concert by Jackson that has been officially released on DVD in the United States , also released in Asia market on double Video CD . The other official releases by Michael Jackson is a VHS of his HIStory World Tour concert in Seoul , South Korea , and it was released only in South Korea in 1996 , and Live at Wembley July 16 , 1988 , which is the second leg of his Bad World Tour . There are various versions of the footage of the same concert that exist . The first version was broadcast the next day by BBC ; following Jackson 's death , this version was rebroadcast on BNN/Ned3 . All the footage in this version is from the Bucharest concert . The version that appears on the DVD was broadcast on HBO in 1992 , which became the highest audience in the channel 's history for a single broadcast . This version , while mostly having footage of Jackson performing at the Bucharest Concert ( some in alternate camera angles in comparison to the BBC version ) , also consisted of footage from concerts in other locations such as Madrid and London . Also missing were the `` Brace Yourself '' video introduction and the `` We Are the World Interlude , '' which were included in the original BBC Telecast . The crowd screaming and intro before `` Wan na Be Startin ' Somethin' '' is featured in Michael 's 2010 song `` Behind the Mask '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edf0774d41bd4849af43040ad24926ae", "text": "Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready) `` Un-Thinkable ( I 'm Ready ) '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys from her fourth studio album The Element of Freedom ( 2009 ) . It was initially scheduled to be the fifth single , but it was released as the fourth single . It was her first single to reach number one on the R&B chart in the United States since 2007 's `` Like You 'll Never See Me Again '' . `` Un-Thinkable ( I 'm Ready ) '' spent twelve consecutive weeks atop the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop , the longest-running number-one single of 2010 , when the single was in its 12th week on top of the chart , Keys has completed a total of 54 weeks at # 1 on the chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbea0501fdd1379505174d687d49502", "text": "Smooth Criminal `` Smooth Criminal '' is the seventh single from American recording artist Michael Jackson 's 1987 Bad album . The song contains a fast-paced beat intertwined with Jackson 's lyrics about a woman named Annie , who has been violently attacked in her apartment by a `` smooth '' assailant . First broadcast on television as a video in early October , it was released as a single on October 21 , 1988 , and peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was re-released on April 10 , 2006 , as a part of the Visionary : The Video Singles box set . The re-released Visionary single charted at number 19 in the UK . The song is one of Jackson 's signature songs , and has appeared on numerous greatest hits albums , including Number Ones , The Essential Michael Jackson , Michael Jackson : The Ultimate Collection , King of Pop , This Is It , and Immortal . The song serves as the theme song to Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker , and plays as the background soundtrack in a section of the video game Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79f4abb01c54be173902832f68dcdcf4", "text": "The Unseeable The Unseeable ( เปนชู้กับผี ; literally `` Committing Adultery with Ghost '' ) is a 2006 Thai horror film directed by Wisit Sasanatieng . This is the first film of another writer 's screenplay by the director . The writer is Kongkiat Khomsiri , one of the `` Ronin Team '' credited with directing the 2005 Thai horror film Art of the Devil 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16c6763fca49eaa01a738b33e9dadbab", "text": "Chicago (Michael Jackson song) `` Chicago '' is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson . The song was originally recorded during the Invincible recording sessions under the name `` She Was Lovin ' Me '' . A reworked version of the song was included in Jackson 's posthumous album Xscape . It was first revealed that `` Chicago '' would be the first release from the Xscape album . However , plans changed and `` Love Never Felt So Good '' became the debut release instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84a5a030191dd64e3f3f3164ea99114", "text": "Speechless (Michael Jackson song) `` Speechless '' is a song by the American recording artist Michael Jackson , included on his tenth studio album , Invincible ( 2001 ) . It was only released as a promotional single in South Korea . The singer was inspired to write the ballad after a water balloon fight with children in Germany . Jackson collaborated on the production with musicians such as Jeremy Lubbock , Brad Buxer , Novi Novoq , Stuart Bradley and Bruce Swedien . Andraé Crouch and his gospel choir provided backing vocals . Executives at Jackson 's record label , Epic Records , responded positively to the track when given a preview several months before Invincibles release . `` Speechless '' was issued as a promotional single , receiving mixed reviews from music critics . Commentary focused on the track 's a cappellas , lyrics and music . A clip of Jackson singing `` Speechless '' was included in the 2009 documentary-concert film Michael Jackson 's This Is It .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c9bd1462a91c4f0ea21d68d7f3a1ca", "text": "Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song) `` Come Back to Me '' is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fourth studio album Janet Jackson 's Rhythm Nation 1814 ( 1989 ) . It was written by Jackson , while James Harris III , and Terry Lewis co-wrote and produced the song . The R&B ballad talks about a lover trying to rekindle a romance that faded away a long time ago . It was released as the fifth single from the album in June 18 , 1990 . Jackson also recorded a Spanish version of the song titled `` Vuelve a Mí '' . The song received positive reviews from most music critics , who praised Jackson 's sweet delivery and the song 's instrumentation ; it was also called a sexy and silky ballad . It became a commercial success on the charts , reaching the top three in Canada and the United States , while also reaching the top twenty in the United Kingdom . The music video for the song was directed by Dominic Sena and it was set in Paris . The romantic video features Jackson 's former husband René Elizondo , Jr. . Jackson has performed the track in all of her tours , with the exception of The Velvet Rope Tour ( 1998 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97c26ad093f65037394e694c4f5864a", "text": "Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful . Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeae9a32656b3843d5450e9a0bd392ad", "text": "I (film) I ( also known as Shankar 's I ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Shankar and co-written by Subha . Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company , Aascar Films , the film features Vikram and Amy Jackson in lead roles while Suresh Gopi , Upen Patel , Santhanam and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles . The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman . Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj . P. C. Sreeram was the film 's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony . The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures . Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film . Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012 . The filming lasted for two years and eight months , during which shooting was done extensively in China . Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai , Bangkok , Jodhpur , Kodaikanal , Pollachi , Bangalore and Mysore . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the Tamil version . The film , released on Pongal 2015 , tells the story of a body builder turned supermodel , played by Vikram , who after being deformed , exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament . Critics praised Vikram 's performance , the technical aspects of the film - especially the costume design and makeup , and A.R. Rahman 's soundtrack and score but criticised the ` wafer-thin ' writing and screenplay and the film 's excessive length ( 188 minutes ) . However , the film was a commercial success , grossing worldwide , becoming the fourth-highest grossing Tamil film and Vikram 's highest-grossing film at the time . Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Tamil for the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a988cb666c7083bb5d169eef1e2558a5", "text": "Free the World `` Free the World '' is a single by American singer La Toya Jackson . Jackson spent six years in seclusion after divorcing her abusive late ex-husband and manager , Jack Gordon , in 1997 . After her years in exile , the September 11th attacks inspired Jackson to write `` Free the World '' . She recorded and performed it for friends , who immediately fell in love with it . This led to the revival of Jackson 's 25-year-old music career . This song led Jackson to begin work on her Startin ' Over album , which included the 2004 Billboard chart hit `` Just Wan na Dance '' as the lead single . `` Free the World '' was released as a follow-up and charted in March 2005 . The single peaked at # 24 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play charts . The song is an appeal to free the world from segregation , discrimination and years of war . VH1 described the ballad as the `` most appropriate song for the world . '' About.com dubbed Jason Randolph 's remix a `` trippily hypnotic treat '' with a `` churning rhythm track and mesmerizing synth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "258db7c673adb9154bc220c4c5b23916", "text": "Jonas L.A. (soundtrack) Jonas L.A. is the third soundtrack by the American pop rock group Jonas Brothers and their only soundtrack for Jonas L.A. '' . It was released on July 20 , 2010 to positive reviews and debuted at # 7 on the Billboard 200 . It has sold 132,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4d67550f96b4879c2db2c62679417b", "text": "Sam Golzari Sam Golzari ( سام گلزاری born 12 July 1979 ) is a British actor of Iranian descent active in the United States . He is known for his debut role in American Dreamz . Golzari was born in Hammersmith , London , England , to parents of Persian origin . He received his BA from UCLA in 2003 , where he worked in the Conservatory Acting Program . Golzari got his start at the age of four as a Michael Jackson impersonator . Besides his work at UCLA , Golzari has also been a lab member of the Latino Theater Company under Jose Luis Valenzuela . Golzari 's plans were to stay in the theater , but while at college he started working on student films . It was there that he began to find a love for the craft of filmmaking . His short film The Break won an award for the `` best ensemble cast '' at the Method Fest film festival . After this , he got his TV debut when the Showtime network aired his film The Invisible Man , directed by UCLA film student Angela Mrema . After college graduation , Golzari landed the first Hollywood film for which he auditioned , American Dreamz . In the film he stars alongside Hugh Grant , Mandy Moore and Dennis Quaid . Since that film , he plays the role of Kameron in the film 21 alongside Jim Sturgess and Kevin Spacey . He has also worked with Tony Shalhoub on the film AmericanEast , as well as an all-improv mockumentary , Juan Francis : Live , produced by Norman Lear . Golzari is also a founding member of the LA-based band the Elevaters , who have released a self-titled EP as well as a full-length album entitled `` Rising . '' He has also appeared in 2016 American film , Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78e1436e2e6da6f0d9a532483a021ad8", "text": "Just a Little While `` Just a Little While '' is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson , released as the lead single from her eighth studio album , Damita Jo ( 2004 ) . Written by Jackson and Dallas Austin , the song fuses pop with elements of rock , dance , and funk , and is a reflection of Jackson 's new-found happiness . The song leaked ahead of its scheduled release , causing Jackson 's record company to rush with a music video and promotion . It was released following Jackson 's controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident on February 2 , 2004 , as the lead single from Damita Jo . `` Just a Little While '' received favorable reception from critics , who felt its elements of rock and dance-pop would ensure success . However , following the Super Bowl incident , Jackson 's singles and music videos were blacklisted on many radio formats and music channels worldwide , affecting the song 's performance . Although its success in the US was limited , peaking at number 45 on the Billboard Hot 100 , it peaked atop the Hot Dance Club Songs chart . Internationally , it was more successful , reaching the top ten in Belgium , Canada , and Spain and the top twenty in Australia and The United Kingdom . It peaked at number one in Japan for five weeks , and was the year 's second-biggest hit on Japan 's international airplay chart . The song 's music video , directed by Dave Meyers , was released exclusively in international territories due to the controversy surrounding Jackson at the time . It portrays Jackson filming a DVD for her boyfriend in a futuristic apartment setting , displaying her multiple personae . An alternate live video , filmed in London , was included on Jackson 's From janet . to Damita Jo compilation . Jackson performed the song on television shows including Top of the Pops , Hey ! Hey ! Hey ! , and Festivalbar .", "title": "" } ]	fever
12d346fd8828c6bcc3e8408f1d7b24af	A mixtape is now recorded onto CDs or MP3 playlists.	[ { "docid": "b0158687a7142dd4c3161b89a2c08c19", "text": "Mixtape A mixtape ( also mix-tape or mix tape ) is a home-made compilation of music ( typically copyrighted songs taken from other sources ) recorded in a specific order , traditionally onto a cassette tape , though later replaced by CD or MP3 playlist formats . The songs can be sequential , or by beatmatching the songs and creating overlaps and fades between the end of one song and the beginning of another the tape may become a seamless whole . Compilations may include a selection of favorite songs , or music linked by theme or mood , perhaps tailored to the tape 's intended recipient . Writing in 2004 , essayist Geoffrey O'Brien called the personal mix tape `` perhaps the most widely practiced American art form '' . `` Mixtape '' is also used in hip hop to describe certain types of recordings , typically self-produced and independently released albums that are issued free of charge to gain publicity and/or circumvent possible copyright infringement .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e82ff384d63ad18424b75932c4d87911", "text": "Dub music Dub is a genre of music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s , and is commonly considered a subgenre , though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae . Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings , usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece , and emphasizing the drum and bass parts ( this stripped-down track is sometimes referred to as a riddim ) . Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo , reverb , panoramic delay , and occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works . It was an early form of popular electronic music . Dub was pioneered by Osbourne `` King Tubby '' Ruddock , Lee `` Scratch '' Perry , Errol Thompson and others in the late 1960s . Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub , and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre . Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside of the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy . These producers , especially Ruddock and Perry , looked upon the mixing console as an instrument , manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different . Dub has influenced many genres of music , including rock ( most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk ) , pop , hip hop , disco , and later house , techno , ambient , electronic dance music , and trip hop . Dub has become a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass Traditional dub has survived , and some of the originators , such as Lee `` Scratch '' Perry and Mad Professor , continue to produce new material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c73e90312f03b80400cdc9d39beca4", "text": "The Lost Tape (mixtape) The Lost Tape is the tenth mixtape by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent . The mixtape , hosted by DJ Drama , is 50 Cent 's first `` Gangsta Grillz '' mixtape . It was released as a free download on May 22 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33ff682d7ccc1a3b306fc8ca88587e8", "text": "Demo (music) A demo ( from `` demonstration '' ) is a song or group of songs recorded for limited circulation or reference use rather than for general public release . A demo is a way for a musician to approximate their ideas in a fixed format , such as cassette tape , compact disc , or digital audio files , and to thereby pass along those ideas to record labels , record producers , or to other artists . Musicians often use demos as quick sketches to share with bandmates or arrangers or simply for personal reference during the songwriting process ; in other cases a songwriter might make a demo to send to artists in hopes of having the song professionally recorded , or a music publisher may need a simple recording for publishing or copyright purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad3293b5ea4aa2ea51731aed5501f2ce", "text": "Cold (mixtape) Cold is a mixtape by American electronic musician James Ferraro , recorded in New York City and released in March 2013 on the Hippos in Tanks label . The press release stated that Cold is about `` human drama '' that is a part of a nihilistic period , as well as `` the repetition and consumption of hedonism that can not represent or replace one night of love . '' Described by one journalist as a pastiche of contemporary R&B and hip-hop , Cold contains elements of two-step , dubstep , techno and lounge music styles . Reviews of the mixtape were very favorable in general , common praises including its production and the use of Ferraro 's own vocals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac5181134cf421fbc90126679e6682a6", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 64 (UK series) This article describes an album in the UK Now ! series . It should not be confused with similarly or identically-titled albums belonging to different `` Now ! '' series . For more information , see Now That 's What I Call Music ! discography . Now That 's What I Call Music ! 64 or Now 64 was released on 24 July 2006 on digital MP3 download , audio cassette and Compact Disc . The album is the 64th edition of the original ( UK ) Now ! series . Now 64 features six songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` Crazy '' , `` Maneater '' , `` Do n't Stop Me Now '' , `` I Wish I Was a Punk Rocker ( With Flowers in My Hair ) '' , `` Smile '' and `` So Sick '' . The Robin Beck song `` First Time '' previously featured on Now 14 in its original form . There is the tiniest of overlaps between MP3 and cassette in the history of NOW - this was the last UK Now Album to be released on tape , and only a very limited number of copies were made available . Compact Disc remains the largest-selling format to this day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4548dc46eedd7fb3d9bec078005e07da", "text": "List of compact disc player manufacturers This is a list of compact disc player manufacturers . A CD player is an electronic device that plays audio compact discs . CD players are often a part of home stereo systems , car audio systems , and personal computers . They are also manufactured as portable devices . Modern units can play other formats in addition to PCM audio coding used in CDs , such as MP3 , AAC and WMA . DJs often use players with an adjustable playback speed to alter the pitch and tempo of the music . CD playback functionality is also available on CD-ROM/DVD-ROM drive equipped computers as well as on DVD players and CD-ROM/DVD-ROM based game consoles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ff1963cfb9c44138bed627870262d55", "text": "A Coming into Existence A Coming Into Existence was recorded June 16 , 1998 . It was the first music released by Origin . It was released on tape & cd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9cc21ac93b252740840b809ab8b1d39", "text": "Tape recorder An audio tape recorder , tape deck or tape machine is an analog audio storage device that records and plays back sounds , including articulated voices , usually using magnetic tape , either wound on a reel or in a cassette , for storage . In its present-day form , it records a fluctuating signal by moving the tape across a tape head that polarizes the magnetic domains in the tape in proportion to the audio signal . Tape-recording devices include reel-to-reel tape deck and the cassette deck . The use of magnetic tape for sound recording originated around 1930 . Magnetizable tape revolutionized both the radio broadcast and music recording industries . It gave artists and producers the power to record and re-record audio with minimal loss in quality as well as edit and rearrange recordings with ease . The alternative recording technologies of the era , transcription discs and wire recorders , could not provide anywhere near this level of quality and functionality . Since some early refinements improved the fidelity of the reproduced sound , magnetic tape has been the highest quality analog sound recording medium available . As of the first decade of the 21st century , analog magnetic tape has been largely replaced by digital recording technologies for consumer purposes , although some still record audio by analog . Prior to the development of magnetic tape , magnetic wire recorders had successfully demonstrated the concept of magnetic recording , but they never offered audio quality comparable to the other recording and broadcast standards of the time . Some individuals and organizations developed innovative uses for magnetic wire recorders while others investigated variations of the technology . One particularly important variation was the application of an oxide powder to a long strip of paper . This German invention was the start of a long string of innovations that have led to present day magnetic tape recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c", "text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89b3338e2acb3cc55db5399504256a83", "text": "DVD authoring DVD authoring is the process of creating a DVD video capable of playing on a DVD player . DVD authoring software must conform to the specifications set by the DVD Forum . DVD authoring is the second step in the process of producing finished DVDs . The first step is the creation of the movie ( or programme ) and the second , the authoring , is the creation of artwork , user menus , insertion of chapter points , overdubs/commentaries , setting autoplay and/or repeat options , etc. . The final step is the manufacturing ( replication ) process to mass-produce finished DVDs . Strictly speaking , DVD authoring differs from the process of MPEG encoding , but most DVD authoring software has a built-in encoder , although separate encoders are still used when better quality or finer control over compression settings are required . Most DVD-authoring applications focus exclusively on video DVDs and do not support the authoring of DVD-Audio discs . Stand-alone DVD recorder units generally have basic authoring functions , though the creator of the DVD has little or no control over the layout of the DVD menus , which generally differ between models and brands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e9bfb44a820703584248e3ccb07cf08", "text": "Music for Robots (website) Music For Robots is a mp3 blog written and curated by a collective of friends who originally met at Bates College , who founded the website in April 2004 . The blog made history in 2004 when it hosted a song by the band The Secret Machines provided to them by Warner Bros. . Records , signaling the first time a major label had deliberately encouraged a blog to post an mp3 by one of its artists . The site gained greater notoriety later that year when MTV aired a news feature about the site and one of their discoveries , a band of teenagers from Brooklyn called Hysterics . In 2005 , the `` robots '' branched out , dipping their toes in concert promotion and releasing a compilation CD titled Music For Robots , Vol . 1 , which included music from Hysterics , Avenue D , Death from Above 1979 , Stratageme , and Daedelus . Music ( For Robots ) are well known for their diverse , comprehensive musical tastes and willingness to cooperate with the record industry , and only post music with permission of the artist and/or label . Music ( For Robots ) has been featured by many publications and programs in the mainstream media including Wired magazine , The New York Times , Rolling Stone , Spin , NPR , the Fresno Bee , The Guardian , The Philadelphia Inquirer , Entertainment Weekly , and was the first MP3 Blog to be featured in primetime TV during MTV 's TRL program in early 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1411d1b3bcf3574a6c3275328a01d35", "text": "05 Fuck Em 05 Fuck Em is a mixtape by American rapper Lil B . It was independently released on December 24 , 2013 , through Lil B 's own record label , BasedWorld Records . Intended to be spread across six discs , the mixtape is one of the longest mixtape releases by Lil B after the 676-track Free Music : The Complete MySpace Collection ( 2011 ) and 855 Song Based Freestyle Mixtape ( 2012 ) , verging on nearly six hours with 101 tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ade4f2b16d22917e8ed3df533b8826f4", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 25 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 25 was released on July 17 , 2007 . The album is the 25th edition of the Now ! series in the United States . It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , selling approximately 223,000 copies in its first week , and remained at number one in its second week , selling another 149,000 copies . Now ! 25 contains three Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits , `` Girlfriend '' , `` Glamorous '' and `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , and has been certified Platinum by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad39f0c9491b68c6f1a10bd05a476769", "text": "Audio mixing (recorded music) In sound recording and reproduction , audio mixing is the process of combining multitrack recordings into a single track and these tracks that are blended together are done so by using various processes such as EQ , Compression and Reverb . The track may be mixed in mono , stereo , or surround sound . There are numerous approaches , methods and techniques involved in Audio mixing ; some of these practices include levels setting , equalization , stereo panning , and effects . Audio mixing techniques and approaches can vary widely , and these can greatly affect the qualities of the sound recording . Audio mixing techniques largely depend on music genres and the quality of sound recordings involved . The process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer , though sometimes the musical producer or music artist may assist . After mixing , a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production . Audio mixing may be transferred onto a mixing console or digital audio workstation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92371d9ffd56f8b6732f6db3ab97160b", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 43 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 43 was released on August 7 , 2012 . It is the 43rd edition of the Now ! series in the United States . It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart with sales of 111,000 copies in its first week of release , becoming the 16th number-one album in the series ' franchise . Now ! 43 features two number-one Billboard Hot 100 hits , `` Call Me Maybe '' and `` Part of Me '' . Instead of the main version of `` Payphone '' , which featured Wiz Khalifa , the `` No-rap '' version was included on this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "159f83271547dc3153df07ffc7cc64ed", "text": "MD Data MD Data stands for MiniDisc Data , and is a magneto-optical medium for storing computer data . Sony wanted MD Data to replace floppy disks , but the Zip drive from Iomega ended up filling that market need and , later on , the advent of affordable CD writers and very cheap blank CD media , coupled with the availability of memory sticks and cards proved the final straw for MD Data . The technology provided 140 MB of data storage , but it was slow and expensive . Also , data drives can only read or write audio MDs when set in `` play '' mode , which , however , does not provide computer access to the data . MD Data appeared in products such as an MD still camera and an MD document scanner . MD Data was also used in the late 1990s in 4 - and 8-track multitrack recording decks . Meant as a step up from the popular 4-track cassette-based studios , these recorders enjoyed a brief prominence before they were replaced by relatively affordable -- and far more flexible -- direct-to-hard drive recording on Windows and Macintosh based computers . The format has always been hampered by the lack of an affordable MD Data drive with which to manipulate and back up data using a PC . In 1997 , Sony introduced the MD Data2 format , which could hold 650 MB of data ( as opposed to MD Data 's 140 MB ) . However this format was only used by Sony 's DCM-M1 camcorder ( capable of still images and MPEG-2 video ) , and a few multitrack `` portastudio '' - style audio recorders such as Sony 's MDM-X4 and Tascam 's 564 , among others . The introduction of Hi-MD in 2004 allowed any type of data ( files , music , etc. ) to be stored on a Hi-MD formatted MiniDisc . This allows for storage capacity of around 340MB on a standard MiniDisc and approx . 1GB on a new , higher-density Hi-MD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e703b4e450e3bd52d9e409ecba6719d", "text": "International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music The International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music ( EMDoku ) is an extensive online database , which contains detailed information on over 33000 works , 7000 authors as well as media ( CD , DVD , tape , etc. ) , labels and studios . Electroacoustic music is understood as an umbrella term for tape music , acousmatic music , electronic music , musique concrète , field recordings , computer music , radio art , sound art , sound installations , live electronics etc. , and includes performances and venues such as concert hall , radio , film , installation , media and internet . The EMDoku is available in three forms on the internet : as a static HTML site ( German , English , French , Spanish , Russian ) as a relational database with web interface as a relational database over a TCP/IP-based network sharing In addition to music and media science research , the documentation is intended to enable historically informed performance practice and interpretation research . It is considered as an `` essential initiative '' for the preservation of electroacoustic music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32104ab37b447c25fdf335e9eed5c69c", "text": "VinylDisc The VinylDisc is a combination of a digital layer , either in CD or DVD format , and an analog layer , which is a vinyl record , developed by the German company Optimal Media Production . It consists of a silver layer containing CD or DVD and a black polyvinyl chloride layer ( able to hold 3.5 minutes of audio on 33 1/3 rpm ) which can be played on a regular phonograph . Examples of singles already released in the hybrid format are Paramore 's `` Misery Business '' , The Mars Volta 's cover of `` Candy and a Currant Bun '' by Pink Floyd , and Fightstar 's `` Deathcar '' which reportedly had a limited run of 3000 copies . A sample VinylDisc to promote this new format was given to visitors of the 2007 Popkomm , containing music by Jazzanova , where it was presented in September 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b942e1c0b63f96c22cdbc05e004cff", "text": "Sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ) , rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs -- printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages -- the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ) , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , `` play back '' the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments . Use of the term `` sheet '' is intended to differentiate written or printed forms of music from sound recordings ( on vinyl record , cassette , CD ) , radio or TV broadcasts or recorded live performances , which may capture film or video footage of the performance as well as the audio component . In everyday use , `` sheet music '' ( or simply `` music '' ) can refer to the print publication of commercial sheet music in conjunction with the release of a new film , TV show , record album , or other special or popular event which involves music . The first printed sheet music made with a printing press was made in 1473 . Sheet music is the basic form in which Western classical music is notated so that it can be learned and performed by solo singers or instrumentalists or musical ensembles . Many forms of traditional and popular Western music are commonly learned by singers and musicians `` by ear '' , rather than by using sheet music ( although in many cases , traditional and pop music may also be available in sheet music form ) . `` Score '' is a common alternative ( and more generic ) term for sheet music , and there are several types of scores , as discussed below . The term `` score '' can also refer to theatre music , orchestral music or songs written for a play , musical , opera or ballet , or to music or songs written for a television programme or film ; for the last of these , see Film score .", "title": "" } ]	fever
83ba53526643fe567b0df0bc3c422235	Depression is a symptom of Hypothyroidism.	[ { "docid": "cec05b42a5c6c7091b126f3239eac40a", "text": "Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism , also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid , is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone . It can cause a number of symptoms , such as poor ability to tolerate cold , a feeling of tiredness , constipation , depression , and weight gain . Occasionally there may be swelling of the front part of the neck due to goitre . Untreated hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to delays in growth and intellectual development in the baby , which is called cretinism . Worldwide , too little iodine in the diet is the most common cause of hypothyroidism . In countries with enough iodine in the diet , the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune condition Hashimoto 's thyroiditis . Less common causes include : previous treatment with radioactive iodine , injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland , certain medications , a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth , or previous thyroid surgery . The diagnosis of hypothyroidism , when suspected , can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH ) and thyroxine levels . Prevention at the population level has been with the universal salt iodization . Hypothyroidism can be treated with levothyroxine . The dose is adjusted according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels . Thyroid medication is safe in pregnancy . While a certain amount of dietary iodine is important , excessive amounts can worsen certain types of hypothyroidism . Worldwide about one billion people are estimated to be iodine deficient ; however , it is unknown how often this results in hypothyroidism . In the United States , hypothyroidism occurs in 0.3 -- 0.4 % of people . Subclinical hypothyroidism , a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by normal thyroxine levels and an elevated TSH level , is thought to occur in 4.3 -- 8.5 % of people in the United States . Hypothyroidism is more common in women than men . People over the age of 60 are more commonly affected . Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism and in rare cases cats and horses can also have the disorder . The word `` hypothyroidism '' is from Greek hypo - meaning `` reduced '' , thyreos for `` shield '' , and eidos for `` form . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bd2a75e0fe063d9125456feb8b9df703", "text": "Mental health care in the Philippines Mental health is defined as `` a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential , can cope with the normal stresses of life , can work productively and fruitfully , and is able to make a contribution to her or his community '' . The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of mental health by including it in their definition of health as `` a state of complete physical , mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity . '' Mental health care is the status of providing and maintaining psychological , psychiatric , and emotional health by means of diagnosis , treatment , and prevention of mental illnesses . This article will survey the status of psychological , psychiatric , and emotional health care in the Philippines from both past and present programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d30c1dec41995946f3fd584dd832be1", "text": "Problem gambling Problem gambling ( or ludomania , but usually referred to as `` gambling addiction '' or `` compulsive gambling '' ) is an urge to gamble continuously despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop . Problem gambling is often defined by whether harm is experienced by the gambler or others , rather than by the gambler 's behaviour . Severe problem gambling may be diagnosed as clinical pathological gambling if the gambler meets certain criteria . Pathological gambling is a common disorder that is associated with both social and family costs . The DSM-5 has re-classified the condition as an addictive disorder , with sufferers exhibiting many similarities to those who have substance addictions . The term gambling addiction has long been used in the recovery movement . Pathological gambling was long considered by the American Psychiatric Association to be an impulse control disorder rather than an addiction . However , data suggest a closer relationship between pathological gambling and substance use disorders than exists between PG and obsessive-compulsive disorder , largely because the behaviors in problem gambling and most primary substance use disorders ( i.e. , those not resulting from a desire to `` self-medicate '' for another condition such as depression ) seek to activate the brain 's reward mechanisms while the behaviors characterizing obsessive-compulsive disorder are prompted by overactive and misplaced signals from the brain 's fear mechanisms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743a64c62e87dcc183cb773289154a30", "text": "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption The long-term effects of alcohol ( ethanol ) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse . Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism , malnutrition , chronic pancreatitis , alcoholic liver disease , and cancer . In addition , damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse . The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body . The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol . In addition , the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable , and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs ) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol . The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years . Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption , however , given the many health concerns associated with it , some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug , and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease . Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks , including those of injuries , violence , fetal damage , liver disease , and certain forms of cancer . Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical . Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health . The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases , oropharyngeal cancer , esophageal cancer and pancreatitis . Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis . Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol , most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers , rather than the heavy drinker minority . Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health . Chronic excess alcohol intake , or alcohol dependence , can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment , cardiovascular disease , liver disease , and malignant neoplasms . The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression , dysthymia , mania , hypomania , panic disorder , phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , personality disorders , schizophrenia , suicide , neurologic deficits ( e.g. impairments of working memory , emotions , executive functions , visuospatial abilities and gait and balance ) and brain damage . Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension , coronary heart disease , and ischemic stroke , cancer of the respiratory system , and also cancers of the digestive system , liver , breast and ovaries . Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease , such as cirrhosis . Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging . Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254", "text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1a421c8ecc8c4a8a29e3c80c9bb0f29", "text": "Substance dependence Substance dependence also known as drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration , and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use . A drug addiction , a distinct concept from substance dependence , is defined as compulsive , out-of-control drug use , despite negative consequences . An addictive drug is a drug which is both rewarding and reinforcing . ΔFosB , a gene transcription factor , is now known to be a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral addiction and drug addictions , but not dependence . Within the framework of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV ) , substance dependence is redefined as a drug addiction , and can be diagnosed without the occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome . It is now described accordingly : `` When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance , substance dependence may be diagnosed . Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped . This , along with Substance Abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55384992cf2989747ca8007c05562784", "text": "X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism is a rare , congenital form of hypoparathyroidism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecf6f067fc32a320af0ff8722bddb2a", "text": "Health psychology Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health , illness , and healthcare . It is concerned with understanding how psychological , behavioral , and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness . Psychological factors can affect health directly . For example , chronically occurring environmental stressors affecting the hypothalamic -- pituitary -- adrenal axis , cumulatively , can harm health . Behavioral factors can also affect a person 's health . For example , certain behaviors can , over time , harm ( smoking , excessive alcohol consumption ) or enhance health ( exercise , diet low in saturated fat ) . Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach . In other words , health psychologists understand health to be the product not only of biological processes ( e.g. , a virus , tumor , etc. ) but also of psychological ( e.g. , thoughts and beliefs ) , behavioral ( e.g. , habits ) , and social processes ( e.g. , socioeconomic status and ethnicity ) . By understanding psychological factors that influence health , and constructively applying that knowledge , health psychologists can improve health by working directly with individual patients or indirectly in large-scale public health programs . In addition , health psychologists can help train other healthcare professionals ( e.g. , physicians and nurses ) to take advantage of the knowledge the discipline has generated , when treating patients . Health psychologists work in a variety of settings : alongside other medical professionals in hospitals and clinics , in public health departments working on large-scale behavior change and health promotion programs , and in universities and medical schools where they teach and conduct research . Although its early beginnings can be traced to the field of clinical psychology , four different divisions within health psychology and one related field , occupational health psychology ( OHP ) , have developed over time . The four divisions include clinical health psychology , public health psychology , community health psychology , and critical health psychology . Professional organizations for the field of health psychology include Division 38 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) , the Division of Health Psychology of the British Psychological Society ( BPS ) , and the European Health Psychology Society . Advanced credentialing in the US as a clinical health psychologist is provided through the American Board of Professional Psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ecf848bdca6e54d62faf2c73cdd6648", "text": "Comedown (drugs) Comedown or crashing is the deterioration in mood that happens as a psychoactive drug , typically a stimulant , is either decreasing or is cleared from the blood and thus the cerebral circulation . The improvement and deterioration of mood ( euphoria and dysphoria ) are represented in the cognitive schema #Noun as high and low elevations ; thus , after the drug has elevated the mood ( a state known as a high ) , there follows a period of coming back down , which often has a distinct character from withdrawal in stimulants . Generally , a comedown ( `` down , '' `` low , '' sometimes `` crash '' ) can happen to anyone as a transient symptom , but in people who are dependent on the drug ( especially those addicted to it ) , it is an early symptom of withdrawal and thus can be followed by others . Various drug classes , most especially stimulants and to a lesser degree opioids and sedatives , are subject to comedowns . A milder analogous mood cycle can happen even with blood sugar levels ( thus sugar highs and sugar lows ) , which is especially relevant to people with diabetes mellitus and to parents and teachers managing children 's behavior , as well as in adults with ADHD . Stimulant comedowns are unique in that they often appear very abruptly after a period of focus or high , and are typically the more intensely dysphoric phase of withdrawal than that following complete elimination from the bloodstream . Besides general dysphoria , this phase can be marked by frustration , anger , anhedonia , social withdrawal , and other symptoms characteristic to a milder mixed episode in Bipolar Disorder . Alertness and other general stimulant effects are still present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097ddb07f5301e78c3e38b82f6509fb3", "text": "Endophenotype Endophenotype is a genetic epidemiology term which is used to separate behavioral symptoms into more stable phenotypes with a clear genetic connection . The concept was coined by Bernard John and Kenneth R. Lewis in a 1966 paper attempting to explain the geographic distribution of grasshoppers . They claimed that the particular geographic distribution could not be explained by the obvious and external `` exophenotype '' of the grasshoppers , but instead must be explained by their microscopic and internal `` endophenotype . '' The next major use of the term was in psychiatric genetics , to bridge the gap between high-level symptom presentation and low-level genetic variability , such as single nucleotide polymorphisms . It is therefore more applicable to more heritable disorders , such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia . Since then , the concept has expanded to many other fields , such as the study of ADHD , addiction , Alzheimer 's disease obesity and cystic fibrosis . Some other terms which have a similar meaning but do not stress the genetic connection as highly are `` intermediate phenotype '' , `` biological marker '' , `` subclinical trait '' , `` vulnerability marker '' , and `` cognitive marker '' . The strength of an endophenotype is its ability to differentiate between potential diagnoses that present with similar symptoms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "874c0e7db50b666a1ce91e01c3faa2b7", "text": "Hypermetabolism Hypermetabolism is the physiological state of increased rate of metabolic activity and is characterized by an abnormal increase in the body 's basal metabolic rate . Hypermetabolism is accompanied by a variety of internal and external symptoms , most notably extreme weight loss , and can also be a symptom in itself . This state of increased metabolic activity can signal underlying issues , especially hyperthyroidism or fatal familial insomnia . The drastic impact of the hypermetabolic state on patient nutritional requirements is often understated or overlooked as well . Hypermetabolism typically occurs after significant injury to the body . In hospitals and institutions , the most common causes are infections , sepsis , burns , multiple traumas , fever , long-bone fractures , hyperthyroidism , prolonged steroid therapy , surgery and bone marrow transplants . Hypermetabolism may occur in particular in the brain after traumatic brain injury . The cause and location of hypermetabolic symptoms within the body can be accurately detected by PET scan . Symptoms will usually subside once the underlying illness or injury is treated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6444d9af23f20c300c0886e1039dd6e", "text": "Psychiatric epidemiology Psychiatric epidemiology is a field which studies the causes ( etiology ) of mental disorders in society , as well as conceptualization and prevalence of mental illness . It is a subfield of the more general epidemiology . It has roots in sociological studies of the early 20th century . However , while sociological exposures are still widely studied in psychiatric epidemiology , the field has since expanded to the study of a wide area of environmental risk factors , such as major life events , as well as genetic exposures . Increasingly neuroscientific techniques like MRI are used to explore the mechanisms behind how exposures to risk factors may impact psychological problems and explore the neuroanatomical substrate underlying psychiatric disorders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e02c144bc7272e9ff0cd24fbda090ec2", "text": "Zona fasciculata The zona fasciculata constitutes the middle and also the widest zone of the adrenal cortex , sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa . Constituent cells are organized into bundles or `` fascicles '' . The zona fasciculata chiefly produces glucocorticoids ( mainly cortisol in the human ) , which regulates the metabolism of glucose , especially in times of stress ( e.g. , part of the fight-or-flight response ) , it is stimulated by the hormone Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ( ACTH ) which is released from the anterior portion of the pituitary and axised upon this adrenal gland . This tissue also generates a small amount of weak androgens ( e.g. , dehydroepiandrosterone ) . The main source of androgens will come from the zona reticularis region . In certain animals such as rodents , the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol . Steroid-producing adrenal tumours and hyperplasia of the zona fasciculata result in excess cortisol production and are the cause for adrenal Cushing 's syndrome . The genetic disorder McCune-Albright syndrome can also present Cushing 's syndrome in affected patients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "390a5dbcaf0ee39c571a7a199da3c461", "text": "Sleep state misperception Sleep state misperception ( SSM ) is a term in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders ( ICSD ) most commonly used for people who mistakenly perceive their sleep as wakefulness , though it has been proposed that it be applied to those who severely overestimate their sleep time as well ( `` positive '' sleep state misperception ) . While most sleepers with this condition will report not having slept in the previous night at all or having slept very little , clinical recordings generally show normal sleep patterns . Though the sleep patterns found in those with SSM have long been considered indistinguishable from those without , some preliminary research suggest there may be subtle differences ( see Symptoms and diagnosis : Spectral analysis ) . Patients are otherwise generally in good health , and any ills -- such as depression -- appear to be more associated with fear of negative consequences of insomnia ( `` insomnia phobia '' ) than from any actual loss of sleep . Sleep state misperception was adopted by the ICSD to replace two previous diagnostic terminologies : `` subjective insomnia complaint without objective findings '' and `` subjective sleepiness complaint without objective findings . '' Other synonyms of the term include : paradoxical insomnia , pseudo-insomnia , subjective insomnia , subjective sleepiness , and sleep hypochondriasis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6ccdea15e266fe5f7b9a41e17fa2a1f", "text": "Hypoplasia Hypoplasia ( from Ancient Greek ὑπo - hypo - , `` under '' + πλάσις plasis , `` formation '' ; adjective form hypoplastic ) is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ . Although the term is not always used precisely , it properly refers to an inadequate or below-normal number of cells . Hypoplasia is similar to aplasia , but less severe . It is technically not the opposite of hyperplasia ( too many cells ) . Hypoplasia is a congenital condition , while hyperplasia generally refers to excessive cell growth later in life . ( Atrophy , the wasting away of already existing cells , is technically the direct opposite of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy . ) Hypoplasia can be present in any tissue or organ . It is descriptive of many medical conditions , including underdevelopment of organs such as : Breasts during puberty Testes in Klinefelter 's syndrome Ovaries in Fanconi anemia , gonadal dysgenesis , trisomy X Thymus in DiGeorge syndrome Labia majora in popliteal pterygium syndrome Corpus callosum , connecting the two sides of the brain , in Agenesis of the corpus callosum Cerebellum caused by mutation in the Reelin gene Tooth caused by oral pathology , such as Turner 's hypoplasia Chambers of the heart in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome Optic nerve in optic nerve hypoplasia Sacrum in sacral agenesis Facial muscle in asymmetric crying facies Thumb from birth Lungs , often as a result of oligohydramnios during gestation or the existence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia Small bowel in coeliac disease Fingers and ears in Harlequin type ichthyosis Mandible in congenital hypothyroidism", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ba328bd0ea92bd6c8b80c6588227365", "text": "Parathyroid gland Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone . Humans usually have four parathyroid glands , variably located on the back of the thyroid gland -- considerable variation exists . Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin ( one of the hormones made by the thyroid gland ) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones . Parathyroid glands share a similar blood supply , venous drainage , and lymphatic drainage to the thyroid glands . Parathyroid glands are derived from the epithelial lining of the third and fourth branchial pouches , with the superior glands arising from the fourth pouch , and the inferior glands arising from the higher third pouch . The relative position of the inferior and superior glands , which are named according to their final location , changes because of the migration of embryological tissues . Hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism , characterized by alterations in the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism , are states of surplus or insufficient parathyroid function .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e281424c597469920aa64cefe3d569c", "text": "Testosterone and the cardiovascular system The predominant androgen in men , testosterone , has shown to substantially decline throughout the aging process . The decline in both serum and total testosterone with age have been linked to several disease states in men . In particular , cardiac failure and ischemic heart disease have been linked to this natural biochemical decline in testosterone . Previously , the higher cardiovascular risk in men has been attributed in part to the negative effects of systemic testosterone , however , more recent research has highlighted the protective nature of testosterone against cardiovascular disease . The magnitude and mechanism of action by which low testosterone in men is influential in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular risk and the potential benefits of testosterone therapy has yet to be fully determined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacfd2d9b61b084ed650ebf93c5eaf4e", "text": "Delayed- Maturation Theory of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder The Delayed-Maturation Theory of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder suggests that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( OCD ) can be caused by delayed maturation of the frontal striatal circuitry or parts of the brain that make up the frontal cortex , striatum , or integrating circuits . Some researchers suspect that variations in the volume of specific brain structures can be observed in children that have OCD ( Lambert , K.G ; Kinsley , C.H. , 2011 ) . It has not been determined if delayed-maturation of this frontal circuitry contributes to the development of OCD or if OCD is the ailment that inhibits normal growth of structures in the frontal striatal , frontal cortex , or striatum . However , the use of neuroimaging has equipped researchers with evidence of some brain structures that are consistently less adequate and less matured in patients diagnosed with OCD in comparison to brains without OCD . More specifically , structures such as the caudate nucleus , volumes of gray matter , white matter , and the cingulate have been identified as being less developed in people with OCD in comparison to individuals that do not have OCD ( Lambert , K.G. ; Kinsley , C.H. ) . However , the cortex volume of the operculum ( brain ) is larger and OCD patients are also reported to have larger temporal lobe volumes ; which has been identified in some women patients with OCD ( Jenike , M. ; Breiter , H. ; at el , 1996 ) . Further research is needed to determine the effect of these structural size differences on the onset and degree of OCD and the maturation of specific brain structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53a56fa9fffb310bd54ce8b711ba8ca5", "text": "Melatonin treatments for major depressive disorder Melatonin is a hormone typically associated with the regulation of circadian rhythms , blood pressure , seasonal reproduction and ovarian and retinal physiologies . It is hypothesized that the use of melatonin to restore circadian rhythms can reduce depressive symptoms .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0bfdf623ec698dd1682d5dba51c1b066	Back to the Future Part II is historical fiction.	[ { "docid": "7c193e3728491b8dd05f53f9150e053a", "text": "Back to the Future Part II Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale . It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy . The film stars Michael J. Fox , Christopher Lloyd , Thomas F. Wilson , and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film . After repairing the damage to history done by his previous time travel adventures , Marty McFly ( Fox ) and his friend Dr. Emmett `` Doc '' Brown ( Lloyd ) travel to 2015 to prevent McFly 's future son from ending up imprisoned . However , their presence allows Biff Tannen ( Wilson ) to steal Doc 's DeLorean time machine and travel to 1955 , where he alters history by making his younger self wealthy . The film was produced on a $ 40-million budget and was filmed back-to-back with its sequel , Part III . Filming began in February 1989 after two years were spent building the sets and writing the scripts . Two actors from the first film , Crispin Glover and Claudia Wells , did not return for the final two . While Elisabeth Shue was recast in the role of Wells ' character , Jennifer , Glover 's character , George McFly , was not only minimized in the plot , but also was obscured and recreated with another actor . Glover successfully sued both Zemeckis and Gale , changing how producers can deal with the departure and replacement of actors in a role . Back to the Future Part II was also a ground-breaking project for effects studio Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) : In addition to digital compositing , ILM used the VistaGlide motion control camera system , which allowed an actor to portray multiple characters simultaneously on-screen without sacrificing camera movement . Back to the Future Part II was released by Universal Pictures on November 22 , 1989 . The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $ 331 million worldwide , making it the third-highest-grossing film of 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e690b10c2229756e968002e73b3c32", "text": "Science fiction film Science fiction film ( or sci-fi ) is a genre that uses speculative , fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science , such as extraterrestrial lifeforms , alien worlds , extrasensory perception and time travel , along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft , robots , cyborgs , interstellar travel or other technologies . Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues , and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition . In many cases , tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held . The genre has existed since the early years of silent cinema , when Georges Melies ' A Trip to the Moon ( 1902 ) employed trick photography effects . The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis ( 1927 ) - being the first feature length science fiction movie . From the 1930s to the 1950s , the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies . After Stanley Kubrick 's landmark 2001 : A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) , the science fiction film genre was taken more seriously . In the late 1970s , big-budget science fiction films filled with special effects became popular with audiences after the success of Star Wars and paved the way for the blockbuster hits of subsequent decades .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6e0cd7aa31da46095e447b273d932476", "text": "Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) . Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day . In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans . The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward . The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico . Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice . The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells . Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589d9f7a6afc3708d11fad4583bbc0b0", "text": "Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction . More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "788f31fec6b80430ef6eddd4e23ba57c", "text": "The Dead Past `` The Dead Past '' is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov , first published in the April 1956 issue of Astounding Science Fiction . It was later collected in Earth Is Room Enough ( 1957 ) and The Best of Isaac Asimov ( 1973 ) , and adapted into an episode of the science-fiction television series Out of the Unknown . Its pattern is that of dystopian fiction , but of a subtly nuanced flavor . It is considered by some people to be one of his best short stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7c969901535d7636f0b88cadfcde3f3", "text": "Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements . This includes the genres science fiction , fantasy , horror and supernatural fiction , as well as their combinations . The broader usage of the term is attributed to Robert Heinlein , who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay , although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction or its variant `` speculative literature '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba54d5a999cd09bef5b2a6b367c866b5", "text": "The Iron Dream The Iron Dream is a metafictional 1972 alternate history novel by American author Norman Spinrad . The book has a nested narrative that tells a story within a story . On the surface , the novel presents an unexceptional pulp , post-apocalypse science fiction action tale entitled Lord of the Swastika . However , this is a pro-fascism narrative written by an alternate-history Adolf Hitler , who in this timeline emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1919 after the Great War , and used his modest artistic skills to become first a pulp -- science fiction illustrator and later a successful science fiction writer , telling lurid , purple-prosed adventure stories under a thin science fiction-veneer . Spinrad was intent on demonstrating just how close Joseph Campbell 's hero with a thousand faces and much science fiction and fantasy literature can be to the racist ideology of Nazi Germany . The nested narrative is followed by a faux scholarly analysis by a fictional literary critic , Homer Whipple , of New York University , which is said to have been written in 1959 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b9cc8d574fe0d2510f8455425d59d8e", "text": "The Hoax of the Twentieth Century The Hoax of the Twentieth Century : The Case Against the Presumed Extermination of European Jewry is a book by Northwestern University electrical engineering professor Arthur Butz . First published in 1976 by Historical Review Press , it attempts to refute the idea of the Holocaust that Nazi Germany tried to exterminate millions of Jews using homicidal gas chambers during World War 2 , and is influential in the Holocaust denial movement . The book has been banned in Canada and is X-rated in Germany where it can not be displayed or advertised . It has been described as anti-semitic with Alan Davies calling it an `` antisemitic classic '' . After carrying it for almost 20 years , Amazon.com on March 7 , 2017 struck the listing of this book on its website , and those of Createspace and Kindle Direct Publishing . In this process , it also removed listings of all used copies for sale by others . The message to its publisher advised that this action was taken because of `` violation of content guidelines . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87380b619c9e16dd569db6b9b66d6981", "text": "Both Sides of Time Both Sides of Time ( 1995 ) is a fiction book and the first of the Time Travelers Quartet series by Caroline B. Cooney . It was first published on July 1 , 1995 . The hardcover book has 224 pages and was published on October 9 , 2001 by Delacorte Books for Young Readers . In Both Sides of Time , Caroline B. Cooney gives a realistic view of the struggles women had faced in the 19th century and how far they have come in the 20th century . The dialogue of this novel contains a mixture of the English language from the use of speech in the Victorian era to the terminologies and style of talk in modern English . The recommended age for this book is from ages 12 to 14 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27969603062233fe9a9927d4dc0c0c1e", "text": "22nd century in fiction The 22nd century ( years 2101-2200 CE ) is a common setting for fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6263f9cc0a57f59345bff8ab906a89c", "text": "11/22/63 11/22/63 is a novel by Stephen King about a time traveler who attempts to prevent the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on November 22 , 1963 ( the novel 's titular date ) . The novel was announced on King 's official site on March 2 , 2011 . A short excerpt was released online on June 1 , 2011 , and another excerpt was published in the October 28 , 2011 , issue of Entertainment Weekly . The novel was published on November 8 , 2011 and quickly became a number-one bestseller . It stayed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 16 weeks . 11/22/63 won the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Best Mystery/Thriller and the 2012 International Thriller Writers Award for Best Novel , and was nominated for the 2012 British Fantasy Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The novel required considerable research to accurately portray the late 1950s and early 1960s . King commented on the amount of research it required , saying `` I 've never tried to write anything like this before . It was really strange at first , like breaking in a new pair of shoes . '' The novel was adapted into a 2016 Hulu television series , 11.22.63 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc63a77bede09b2c01b1dae367f3266d", "text": "The Guns of the South The Guns of the South is an alternate history novel set during the American Civil War by Harry Turtledove . It was released in the United States on September 22 , 1992 . The story deals with a group of time-travelling white supremacist members of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging from an imagined 21st-century South Africa , who supply Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia with AK-47s and small amounts of other supplies ( including nitroglycerine tablets for treating Lee 's heart condition ) . Their intervention and technologies results in a Confederate victory in the war . Afterwards , however , Lee and the racists from the future have a violent falling out with each other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a17b18db69e04fb08ba30edc1e0130d", "text": "Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) . Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor . Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144aea44126a922b7b8f955798510c3f", "text": "58 Minutes 58 Minutes is a thriller novel by American novelist Walter Wager . The novel was the basis for the 1990 film Die Hard 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f87fe09147c067a4c5cf0098f6ec460", "text": "Episode II Episode II , Episode 2 or Episode Two may refer to : Episode II ( album ) , an album by Safri Duo Episode II ( EP ) , an EP by Eiffel 65 `` Episode 2 '' ( song ) , a song by Dragon Ash `` Episode 2 '' ( Ashes to Ashes ) , an episode of Ashes to Ashes `` Series 1 : Episode 2 '' ( Life on Mars ) , an episode of Life on Mars `` Episode 2 '' ( Twin Peaks ) , an episode of Twin Peaks Episode 2 ( The Casual Vacancy ) , ( 2015 ) , the second episode of the TV miniseries The Casual Vacancy Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , a computer game sequel Star Wars : Episode II -- Attack of the Clones , a 2002 film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1823cb49161e28164b3b6ccdd2d6dc24", "text": "Breakpoint (novel) Breakpoint is a cyberpunk science fiction novel by former United States intelligence and counterterrorism official Richard A. Clarke . It is his second novel . The book paints a dystopic prediction of the future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "022e661080d11b15fb03c5404cb67fff", "text": "There Will Be Time There Will Be Time is a science fiction novel by American writer Poul Anderson . It was published in 1972 in a hardback edition by Doubleday and in 1973 in a paperback edition by New American Library . The story is about a young man who has a genetic mutation that allows him to move through time . It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" } ]	fever
103d0104290c2d994ce3f8645965258b	Shia LaBeouf is in multiple films like Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, Lawless, The Company You Keep, Nymphomaniac, and Fury.	[ { "docid": "e7b46e371c73845b31893ac450172dae", "text": "Shia LaBeouf Shia Saide LaBeouf ( -LSB- ˈʃaɪ.ə _ ləˈbʌf -RSB- born June 11 , 1986 ) is an American actor , performance artist , and filmmaker . He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series Even Stevens , a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003 . He made his film debut in Holes ( 2003 ) , based on the novel of the same name by Louis Sachar . In 2004 , he made his directorial debut with the short film Let 's Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac ( 2011 ) , starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi . In 2007 , LaBeouf starred in the commercially successful films Disturbia and Surf 's Up . The same year he was cast in Michael Bay 's science fiction film Transformers as Sam Witwicky , the main protagonist of the series . Despite mixed reviews , Transformers was a box office success and one of the highest-grossing films of 2007 . LaBeouf later appeared in its sequels Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen ( 2009 ) and Transformers : Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) , both also box office successes . In 2008 , he played Henry `` Mutt Williams '' Jones III in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , the fourth film in the Indiana Jones franchise . His other films include Wall Street : Money Never Sleeps ( 2010 ) , Lawless ( 2012 ) , The Company You Keep ( 2012 ) , Nymphomaniac ( 2013 ) and Fury ( 2014 ) . Since 2014 , LaBeouf has pursued a variety of public performance art projects with LaBeouf , Rönkkö & Turner .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f6e4c9d7895fffe45a323a716e229026", "text": "Paranoid Park (film) Paranoid Park is a 2007 American-French drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant . The film is based on the novel of the same name by Blake Nelson and takes place in Portland , Oregon . It stars Gabe Nevins as a teenage skateboarder who accidentally kills a security guard . Van Sant wrote the draft script in two days after reading and deciding to adapt Nelson 's novel . To cast the film 's youths , Van Sant posted an open casting call on social networking website MySpace inviting teenagers to audition for speaking roles , as well as experienced skateboarders to act as extras . Filming began in October 2006 and took place at various locations in and around Portland . Scenes at the fictional Eastside Skatepark were filmed at Burnside Skatepark which was , like Eastside , built illegally by skateboarders . Paranoid Park premiered on May 21 , at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and was given a limited release on March 7 , 2008 . It grossed over US$ 4,481,000 from its $ 3 million budget . The film received mostly positive reviews ; some critics praised the direction and cinematography in particular , though others believed the film to be overly stylized and slow paced . It won one Independent Spirit Award , two Boston Society of Film Critics awards and the Cannes Film Festival 's special 60th anniversary prize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d82ae1894f407d0704de570123be18ae", "text": "List of Iraqi films of 2014 The Iraqi film industry produced over five feature films in 2014 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by Iraq . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2014 . Also included is an overview of the major events in Iraqi film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that have been particularly well received , both critically and financially .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d303cc4ded81bc3802c8beeb0d19b926", "text": "Paycheck (film) Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction thriller film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick . The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck , Uma Thurman and Aaron Eckhart . Paul Giamatti , Michael C. Hall , Joe Morton and Colm Feore also appear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3bb7a0b41313125de98082c22471f58", "text": "Money for Nothing: Inside the Federal Reserve Money for Nothing : Inside the Federal Reserve is an independent feature-length American documentary about the Federal Reserve written and directed by Jim Bruce , and narrated by Liev Schreiber . It examines 100 years of the Federal Reserve 's history , and discusses its actions and repercussions the US economy leading to the late-2000s financial crisis . Bruce believes `` a more fully and accurately informed public will promote greater accountability and more effective policies from our central bank '' . The film features interviews with Paul Volcker and Janet Yellen as well as current and former Federal Reserve officials , top economists , financial historians , famous investors , and traders who provide insight on the Federal Reserve System . The film was released in US theaters on September 6 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "943366a662f95f3ddda8cf694064d938", "text": "Raging Fists Raging Fists ( La Rage au poing ) is a 1975 French drama film directed by Éric Le Hung .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7056a75f1f12da89d4b78dcb88ea6202", "text": "Social Capital Entertainment Social Capital Entertainment is an American film production company involved in film , music and interactive entertainment . The company was founded in 2004 by producer and real estate investor Martin Shore together with Jonathan Platt and Jonathan Miller . Social Capital produced and financed the psychological thriller , Tell Tale , together with Ridley and Tony Scott . Tell Tale starred Josh Lucas , Lena Heady and Brian Cox , and was directed by Michael Cuesta ( L.I.E. , Dexter ) . They are soon to release 2001 Maniacs : Field of Screams , the sequel to 2001 Maniacs , the 2005 Social Capital horror film . Other previous films include the period drama The Countess ( Julie Delpy 's follow-up to 2 Days in Paris ) and Snoop Dogg 's Hood of Horror ( Lionsgate ) . The company has also produced soundtracks for such films as Saw ( Lionsgate ) , Saw II ( Lionsgate ) , Rize ( Lionsgate ) and Rock School ( Newmarket ) , as well as for television series including Summerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3748b5889330fc06e4e407548b67468a", "text": "IFC Films IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City . It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks . It distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake , Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands . It operates the IFC Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc240561f30d636cd333e045d84af385", "text": "Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver . In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) . He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint . He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret . He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace . He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe . Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 . He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama . His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards . Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan . He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f82f5f13b3d5a2ab7e65194846e471b", "text": "ADNOC Headquarters ADNOC Headquarters is a skyscraper office complex located in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates and is the corporate headquarters of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company ( ADNOC ) . The building incorporates energy efficiency and sustainable engineering technologies , such as a double skin façade , LED exterior lighting . Designed by HOK , the overall building complex consists of more than 65 floors with an office tower , corniche club , SPC and Crisis Management Centre , a heritage museum and other supporting facilities . The building and the Etihad towers next door , are featured in the new Fast and Furious movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1855e6360e2ac69c0e85a03dd4688397", "text": "Ivory Tower (1998 film) Ivory Tower is a 1998 drama film about young people trying to enter the computer industry in Silicon Valley . The film was directed by Darin Ferriola , and stars Michael Ironside , Patrick Van Horn , Kari Wührer , and James Wilder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125057216a549454f391403b44408ba0", "text": "Wall Street Warriors Wall Street Warriors is a documentary and reality TV series that details the lives of various Wall Street entrepreneurs . A MOJO HD channel original series , each episode is 30 minutes long and shot in high definition video . Currently two seasons have aired and a third season is in production . MOJO HD recently announced it will be going dark in December , 2008 and it is uncertain which network will air the current season of the series . On February 18 , 2009 the opening scenes surfaced on the web for the Wall Street Warriors Season 3 . Even though it was a very brief video it seems to have been made during the peak of the October 2008 stockmarket turmoil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f12113ffa2a6df4e1dfaf3133e3e653b", "text": "Assault on Wall Street Assault on Wall Street ( also known as Attack on Wall Street and formerly known as Bailout : The Age of Greed ) is a 2013 action thriller film written and directed by Uwe Boll , and starring Dominic Purcell . The film stars Purcell as a security guard who struggles to pay for his wife 's medical bills and loses his investments in the 2007 -- 08 financial crisis , prompting a shooting spree on Wall Street after his wife takes her own life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cfe4e0cb08c10a80959956f5369e52f", "text": "Lust Connection Lust Connection is a 2005 American thriller film directed by Jim Wynorski .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebf601fbd10179192e6f995eb3104a6f", "text": "Expiration Date (film) Expiration Date ( 2006 ) is an independent black comedy film that won many film festival awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278ece139dbdb4ab85d886617f299f0d", "text": "Bac films BAC Films is a French Film production and distribution company based in Paris and founded by Jean Labadie , Éric Heumann and Stéphane Sorlat in 1986 . In 1988 , Vivendi took first a 10 % , then a 20 % stake in the capital of the company and allowed Bac Films to make major and ambitious acquisitions . The success story started in 1990 with Sailor et Lula , Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival . The releases of Barton Fink and Tous les matins du monde in 1991 , Indochine and Le Zèbre in 1992 , La Leçon de piano in 1993 placed BAC Film at the top of independent film distribution in France . In 1994 , Bac Films started diversifying its activity with the creation of Les Écrans de Paris , in association with Simon Simsi . In 1997 , the movie theater business is created under the name of Majestic and the group undergoes a reorganization around the Alicar holding : Bac Films ( distribution ) , Majestic ( movie theaters ) and Séance Privée ( special events ) . In 1998 , BAC Films sets up Mars Films allowing BAC Films to distribute its numerous acquisitions . In 2000 , the group is introduced on the stock market under the name BAC Majestic . Two years later BAC Majestic goes through a major financial crisis and is forced to give up its movie theater business . In 2003 , Millimages takes a majority stake in the company . Jean Labadie , founder of the company is ousted in 2007 and Roch Lener becomes the Chief Executive Officer . In October 2013 , the company is sold again and David Grumbach becomes the new Chairman . The catalogue consists of a vast range of French and foreign titles . Since its creation , BAC Films distributed more than of which 8 received the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5026f107929e0d33d3999a3d4bec5f3b	The Parliament of Canada includes a lower house.	[ { "docid": "8bf1c297c6a831ec6c73c85f61b6c870", "text": "Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada ( Parlement du Canada ) is the federal legislative branch of Canada , seated at Parliament Hill in the national capital , Ottawa , Ontario . The body consists of the Canadian monarch , represented by a viceroy , the governor general ; an upper house : the Senate ; and a lower house : the House of Commons . Each element has its own officers and organization . The governor general summons and appoints each of the 105 senators on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada , while the 338 members of the House of Commons -- called members of parliament ( MPs ) -- are directly elected by eligible Canadian voters , with each MP representing a single electoral district , commonly referred to as a riding . By constitutional convention , the House of Commons is the dominant branch of parliament , the Senate and Crown rarely opposing its will . The Senate reviews legislation from a less partisan standpoint and the monarch or viceroy provides the necessary Royal Assent to make bills into law . The governor general also summons parliament , while either the viceroy or monarch can prorogue or dissolve parliament , the latter in order to call a general election . Either will read the Throne Speech . The most recent parliament , summoned by Governor General David Johnston in 2015 , is the 42nd since Confederation in 1867 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a6959ad36d5ddee8f59f3d025f92becd", "text": "Parliamentary Librarian of Canada The Parliamentary Librarian of Canada is one of the key officials of the Parliament of Canada . While the Library of Parliament was created shortly after 1867 , the role of librarian was not created until 1871 to be in charge of management and control of the library of Parliament . Control and direction of the library is provided by the Speakers of the House of Commons and the Senate . The current role was created from the merger of the Parliamentary Librarians of the Provinces of Canada ( 1840-1867 ) and those of the Legislature of Upper and Lower Canada ( 1790s ) . From its creation until 1956 , the parliamentary library was overseen by two officers : the parliamentary librarian , who oversaw the parliamentary archives and research facilities , and the general librarian , who oversaw the non-governmental and historical collections . By convention , one position had to be held by an anglophone and the other by a francophone ; in practice the anglophone always held the parliamentary position and the francophone always held the general one , except for a period during World War II when general librarian Felix Desrochers concurrently held the parliamentary position on a de facto basis , as following the death of Martin Burrell in 1938 the House of Commons did not formally appoint a new parliamentary librarian until 1944 . However , Desrochers was never formally given the title of parliamentary librarian . Following the creation of the National Library of Canada in 1953 , the general librarian 's position was phased out as those responsibilities and materials were transferred to the new institution . With the discontinuation of the general librarian 's position , a new position was created for associate librarian , which was also consistently held by a francophone until 1994 , when Richard Paré , the incumbent of that position at the time of chief librarian Erik Spicer 's retirement , became the first francophone officially named to the top post . The library provides reference material for use by members of the House of Commons and the Senate , as well as officials of the Parliament of Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d5a60b4b531876eb2ef94b3a064ca4a", "text": "List of Members of the Canadian House of Commons (S)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fb2fa398dbaaac4cc278cbae8c14f3c", "text": "Senate Conservative Caucus The Senate Conservative Caucus is the parliamentary caucus in the Canadian Senate composed of senators of the Conservative Party of Canada . Unlike other Senate caucuses , the Senate Conservative Caucus is formally affiliated with the federal political party and is also part of the national parliamentary caucus made up of members of both houses of Parliament , though the Senate Conservative Caucus also meets separately to discuss Senate issues . The caucus was created following the establishment of the modern Conservative Party of Canada on February 2 , 2004 as a result of the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada . All but three Progressive Conservative Senators joined the Conservative Party and were redesignated as Conservative senators . When in government , the leader of the Senate Conservative Caucus , is also the Leader of the Government in the Senate , and has been appointed by the national Conservative Party leader , serving as Prime Minister of Canada . When in Opposition , the Senate Conservative Leader , acting as well as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada is elected by Conservative senators . Most recently , Larry Smith was elected Senate Conservative leader on March 28 , 2017 , defeating two other candidates . The first leader of the Senate Conservative Caucus , John Lynch-Staunton , also served as interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada until a leadership election could be held .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a12a07f3ac3f21fb8e320419b1c9d59", "text": "Lists of Members of the Canadian House of Commons The following are lists of Members of the Canadian House of Commons : Alphabetically : A , B , C , D , E , F , G , H , I , J , K , L , M , N , O , P , Q , R , S , T , U , V , W , X , Y , Z List of current members by age By Parliament : 42nd 41st 40th 39th 38th 37th 36th 35th 34th 33rd 32nd 31st 30th 29th 28th 27th 26th 25th 24th 23rd 22nd 21st 20th 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st List Category : Members of the House of Commons of Canada Category : Lists of Canadian parliamentarians", "title": "" }, { "docid": "482e78957ce9fb7d1d3e838cb4f2282c", "text": "By-elections to the 7th Canadian Parliament By-elections to the 7th Canadian Parliament were held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons between the 1891 federal election and the 1896 federal election . The Conservative Party of Canada led a majority government for the 7th Canadian Parliament . The list includes Ministerial by-elections which occurred due to the requirement that Members of Parliament recontest their seats upon being appointed to Cabinet . These by-elections were almost always uncontested . This requirement was abolished in 1931 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71d6da1834f407bf13686e741b70c0dc", "text": "List of elections in the Province of Canada The Province of Canada was the union of Canada West ( formerly Upper Canada and later Ontario ) and Canada East ( formerly Lower Canada and later Quebec ) . The Province of Canada held 8 unique elections from 1841 to 1863 before Confederation . While party lines were somewhat blurred , there were political parties . There are many examples of groups of MPs going against the party line , or splitting a party into two . A good example of this is when a number of Liberal MPs supported John A. Macdonald , a Conservative , and his idea for Canadian Confederation , many other Liberal Party members were opposed to Confederation . After the establishment of the double majority principle , any bill , in order to be passed , needed a majority of MPs from both Canada West and Canada East . This sometimes led to coalitions between Ontario Liberals and Quebec Tories , or vice versa . The elections listed below are divided into `` Left '' or `` Reformer '' camps , and `` Right '' or `` Conservative '' camps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1bf9d5d7eb243040af81c89a8b03633", "text": "List of House members of the 11th Parliament of Canada The following is a list of the members as of the dissolution of the 11th Parliament of Canada on July 29 , 1911 , and reflects additions to the House resulting from by-election and resignations following the 1908 election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0e5a7477af3134b842a24c99ef65877", "text": "List of senators in the 37th Parliament of Canada This is a list of members of the Canadian Senate in the 37th Parliament of Canada . The province of Quebec has 24 Senate divisions which are constitutionally mandated . In all other provinces , a Senate division is strictly an optional designation of the senator 's own choosing , and has no real constitutional or legal standing . A senator who does not choose a special senate division is designated a senator for the province at large . Names in bold indicate senators in the 26th or 27th Canadian Ministry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afdeecbc1a7211781b2fc3d295deba2b", "text": "8th Parliament of the Province of Canada The 8th Parliament of the Province of Canada was in session from 1863 to July 1866 . Elections for the Legislative Assembly were held in the Province of Canada in August 1863 . Sessions were held in Quebec City until 1866 ; the last session was held in Ottawa . The Speaker of this parliament was Lewis Wallbridge . This was also the last session of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada . Following Confederation in the following year , it was succeeded by 1st Legislative Assembly of Ontario in Toronto , the 1st Quebec Legislature , and the 1st Canadian Parliament in Ottawa . Most members went on to become elected in the Canadian House of Commons , while other served at provincial level , appointed to the Senate of Canada , provincial Lieutenant Governor , government posts or simply retired from politics altogether .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c52b2a95281e9ce9e0d6dd8e8fb15458", "text": "21st Canadian Parliament The 21st Canadian Parliament was in session from September 15 , 1949 , until June 13 , 1953 . The membership was set by the 1949 federal election on June 27 , 1949 , and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1953 election . It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and the 17th Canadian Ministry . The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party , led by George Drew . The Speaker was William Ross Macdonald . See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1947-1952 for a list of the ridings in this parliament . There were seven sessions of the 21st Parliament :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb00a87db31224a403521a9ed5d33ed1", "text": "Quebec Resolutions The Quebec Resolutions , also known as the seventy-two resolutions , were a group of statements written at the Quebec Conference of 1864 , which laid out the framework for the Canadian Constitution . They were adopted by the majority of the provinces of Canada , and became the basis for the London Conference of 1866 . Some of the major points that were addressed in the resolutions are as follows : Canada will have a strong central government ( federal government ) , the central government is to be responsible for the legislation of peace , order and good government , provinces will have defined powers and will be accountable for handling local affairs and social and cultural issues , the United Province of Canada ( as they called it ) , will be split into Quebec and Ontario , a federal government will be composed of two law making houses . These are just five of the important acts used to construct Canada as it is today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "549948a0769a137647a7861a52c5a04c", "text": "8th Canadian Parliament The 8th Canadian Parliament was in session from August 19 , 1896 until October 9 , 1900 . The membership was set by the 1896 federal election on June 23 , 1896 . It was dissolved prior to the 1900 election . It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the 8th Canadian Ministry . The Official Opposition was the Conservative/Liberal-Conservative , led by Charles Tupper . The Speaker was first James David Edgar , and later Thomas Bain . See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1892-1903 for a list of the ridings in this parliament . There were five sessions of the 8th Parliament :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1971a5c5f64b06919271d89abeb98eb", "text": "Parliament of Victoria The Parliament of Victoria is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of Victoria . It follows a Westminster-derived parliamentary system and consists of The Queen , represented by the Governor of Victoria ; the Legislative Assembly ( lower house ) ; and the Legislative Council ( upper house ) . The Parliament meets at Parliament House in the state capital Melbourne . The two Houses of Parliament have 128 Members in total , 88 in the lower house and 40 in the upper house . Victoria has compulsory voting and uses preferential ballot in single-member seats for the lower house , and single transferable vote in multi-member seats for the proportionally represented upper house . Government is formed in the lower house while the upper is a house of review . All members serve four-year terms . The incumbent Labor Party government , elected at the 2014 election , holds a 3-seat majority in the lower house as of the 1 December 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fcf5e2cc153d921a02ee0b126785731", "text": "By-elections to the 18th Canadian Parliament By-elections to the 18th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the Canadian House of Commons between the 1935 federal election and the 1940 federal election . The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the 18th Canadian Parliament . 31 vacant seats were filled through by-elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "020989030425ff4361cf03f99c993fb5", "text": "Canadian federal election, 1945 The Canadian federal election of 1945 was the 20th general election in Canadian history . It was held June 11 , 1945 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 20th Parliament of Canada . Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King 's Liberal government was re-elected to its third consecutive government , although this time with a minority government as the Liberals fell 5 seats short of a majority . Although the election officially resulted in a minority government , the election of eight `` Independent Liberal '' MPs , most of whom did not run as official Liberals because of their opposition to conscription ( see Conscription Crisis of 1944 ) , gave the King government an effective working majority in parliament . Most of the Independent Liberal MPs joined ( or re-joined ) the Liberal caucus following World War II when the conscription issue became moot . As King was defeated in his own riding of Prince Albert , fellow Liberal William MacDiarmid , who was re-elected in the safe seat of Glengarry , resigned so that a by-election could be held , which was subsequently won by King . The federal election was the first since the victory of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the Saskatchewan provincial election , and many predicted a major breakthrough for the CCF nationally . A Gallup poll from September 1943 showed the CCF with a one-point lead over both the Liberals and Conservatives . The party was expected to win 70 to 100 seats , possibly even enough to form a minority government . Despite the expectations , the party only won 28 seats . 1945 was also the first test of the newly named Progressive Conservatives . The Conservative Party had changed its name in 1942 when former Progressive Party Premier of Manitoba John Bracken became its leader . The party improved its standing in terms of number of seats compared to the old Conservative Party , but also recorded a reduced share of the popular vote ( indeed , the lowest in any election prior to 1993 ) and fell far short of challenging Liberal hegemony . A key issue in this election seems to have been electing a stable government . The Liberals urged voters to `` Return the Mackenzie King Government '' , and argued that only the Liberal Party had a `` preponderance of members in all nine provinces '' . Mackenzie King threatened to call a new election if he was not given a majority : `` We would have confusion to deal with at a time when the world will be in a very disturbed situation . The war in Europe is over , but unrest in the east is not over . '' The Progressive Conservatives tried to capitalize on the massive mid-campaign victory by the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party in the 1945 Ontario provincial election . PC campaign ads exhorted voters to rally behind their party : `` Ontario shows ! Only Bracken can win ! '' , and suggesting that it would be impossible to form a majority government in the country without a plurality of seats in Ontario , which only the Tories could win . In the event , the Liberals fell just short of a majority even though they won only 34 seats in Ontario to the PCs ' 48 seats . Eight `` Independent Liberal '' MPs could be expected to support the government . Social welfare programs were also an issue in the campaign . Another Liberal slogan encouraged voters to `` Build a New Social Order '' by endorsing the Liberal platform , which included $ 750 million to provide land , jobs and business support for veterans ; $ 400 million of public spending to build housing ; $ 250 million for family allowances ; establishing an Industrial development Bank ; loans to farmers , floor prices for agricultural products ; tax reductions . Campaigning under the slogan , `` Work , Security , and Freedom for All -- with the CCF '' , the CCF promised to retain war-time taxes on high incomes and excess profits in order to fund social services , and to abolish the Canadian Senate . The CCF fought hard to prevent the support of labour from going to the Labor-Progressive Party ( i.e. , the Communist Party of Canada ) . The LPP , for its part , pointed out that the CCF 's refusal to enter into an electoral pact with the LPP had cost the CCF 100,000 votes in the Ontario election , and had given victory to the Ontario PCs . It urged voters to `` Make Labour a Partner in Government . '' The Social Credit Party of Canada tried , with modest success , to capitalize on the positive image of the Alberta Socred government of William Aberhart , asking voters , `` Good Government in Alberta -- Why Not at Ottawa ? '' . Referring to social credit monetary theories , the party encouraged voters to `` Vote for the National Dividend '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c629c84aadd9aa74641c38f636369bd", "text": "List of Prime Ministers of Canada by languages spoken The politics of language has been a key issue in Canada since the founding of the country in 1867 . The choice of a party leader is greatly influenced by language proficiency , as is electability with the public . All Canadian prime ministers have spoken either French or English , some both , but only a few were fluently bilingual , and few have spoken any other language . All prime ministers have had one of English or French as their mother tongue with the possible exceptions of Sir John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie , who may have spoken Scottish Gaelic or Lowland Scots as their first language . The two official languages of the Parliament of Canada have been English and French since 1867 under the British North America Act ; however , few members of parliament have historically been able to debate in their second language , and simultaneous translation was not introduced until the 1960s , making for two largely separate groups of legislators debating the same issues in two different languages . Furthermore the language of administration was almost solely English before the 1969 Official Languages Act . Speaking English has always been necessary to become prime minister as the majority of any parliamentary caucus large enough to form government has always been made up of unilingual Anglophones , not to mention the voting public . Not being able to speak French has not always been considered a sufficient handicap to prevent one from becoming prime minister , however . All Anglophone Canadian prime ministers have had ministers in their cabinet that represented the provincial interests of Quebec and spoke the French language , known as Quebec lieutenants . This tradition began before Confederation in the old United Province in Canada , which was usually jointly governed by two `` co-premiers '' , one from Canada West ( Ontario ) and one from Canada East ( Quebec ) . It was extended into Confederation via Macdonald 's partnership with George-Étienne Cartier and has continued down to the present day . Since rise of Quebec nationalism ( following the Quiet Revolution -LSB- circa 1960-1966 -RSB- ) , and especially the introduction of official bilingualism in the Official Languages Act in 1969 and its entrenchment in the Constitution of 1982 , Canadian prime ministers ( and party leaders as potential prime ministers ) have been expected to be functionally bilingual by convention . An important factor in this trend has been the creation of the televised leaders ' debates , which are held in separately in French and English . The parties feel the need to have a leader who can at least participate in both debates , even if they can not win them both . The need to speak both languages is also seen as symbol of Canada 's identity as a linguistic duality , but also as a practical political matter , as the prime minister is seen as a leader of the federalist camp opposed to Quebec separatism and must be able to fight for the `` hearts and minds '' of Quebecers in their native language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42a35590f2373868dc9b41152e2ebec", "text": "New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament , along with the Sovereign ( represented by the Governor-General ) . The House passes all laws , provides ministers to form a Cabinet , and supervises the work of the Government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts . The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body , usually consisting of 120 members ( currently 119 though recently had 121 with an overhang ) known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected for limited terms , holding office until Parliament is dissolved ( a maximum of three years ) . A government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of MPs . If no majority is possible then a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement . The House of Representatives was created by the British New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which established a bicameral legislature ; however the upper chamber , the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1951 . Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act . The debate chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city . Sittings of the House are usually open to the public , but the House may at any time vote to sit in private .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0250838b03521a839ccf591fa1a05c6a", "text": "Cariboo (electoral district) '' For the region of the Canadian province of British Columbia , see Cariboo . For the provincial electoral district of the same name , see Cariboo ( provincial electoral district ) . Cariboo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia , Canada , that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1871 to 1892 . This riding was first created as Cariboo District following British Columbia 's admission into the Canadian Confederation in 1871 . The name was changed to `` Cariboo '' in 1872 , and existed in this form until it was abolished in 1892 when it was amalgamated into the new riding of Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 , Yale -- Cariboo was redistributed and Yale and Cariboo were separate ridings once again , though with smaller areas than before . The Cariboo riding lasted until 1966 . The succession of ridings for the Cariboo area since then has been : Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 -- 1976 ) Cariboo -- Chilcotin ( 1976 -- 2003 ) Cariboo -- Prince George ( 2003 - ) Kamloops -- Thompson -- Cariboo ( 2004 - ) The Chilcotin region of the riding , west of the Fraser River , was from 1966 to 1976 part of the Coast Chilcotin riding . The original form of the riding was the whole of the Cariboo Plateau and both Cariboo and Lillooet Land Districts . Its southern boundary was on the northern edge of the New Westminster riding , and later the Burrard riding , then the North Vancouver riding , with near-coastal localities such as Pemberton , Squamish , Britannia Beach and Port Douglas all politically part of `` Cariboo '' . Under the Representation Act of 1892 , the constituencies of Yale and Cariboo were united to form Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 that riding was broken up and the Yale and Cariboo riding-names were restored , although the new constituencies were considerably smaller than before . The restored Yale riding included the Boundary Country around Grand Forks and Greenwood , but the Kootenay was now a separate riding and the town of Yale itself was not in the restored Yale riding , but in the new riding of Westminster District . The first election using the new boundaries was in 1917 . `` Government '' and `` Opposition '' were used during the wartime campaign to designate the governing Conservatives vs the Opposition Liberals . A major redistribution in 1952 took away the southern half of the Cariboo district , with a southern boundary at 52 degrees 30 minutes north , just excluding Williams Lake and the south bank of Quesnel Lake . The rest of the riding extended to the Little Rancheria River and the border with Yukonand the Northwest Territories , therefore including the Omineca , Prince George and Peace River districts . The Cariboo electoral district was abolished in 1966 . Successor ridings were : Coast Chilcotin ( 1966 - 1976 ) Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 - 1976 ) Prince George -- Peace River ( 1966 - 1976 ) Skeena ( 1914 - 2003 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d95ed38ba74df9286045e6ac654cda6", "text": "Australian Senate The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia , the lower house being the House of Representatives . The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I , Part II of the Australian Constitution . There are a total of 76 senators : 12 senators are elected from each of the six states ( regardless of population ) and two from each of the two autonomous internal territories ( the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory ) . Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation . Unlike upper Houses in most Westminster parliamentary systems , the Senate is vested with significant power , including the capacity to block all legislation , including Budget and Appropriation Bills , initiated by the government in the House of Representatives , making it a distinctive hybrid of British Westminster bicameralism and US-style bicameralism . As a result of proportional representation , the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power . The governing party or coalition , which has to maintain the confidence of the lower house , rarely has a majority in the Senate and usually needs to negotiate with other parties and Independents to get legislation passed . Senators normally serve fixed six-year terms ( from 1 July to 30 June ) , unless the Senate is dissolved earlier in a double dissolution . Following a double dissolution half the state senators serve terms ending on the third 30 June following the election ( i.e. slightly less than three years ) with the rest serving three years longer . The term of the territory senators expires at the same time as there is an election for the House of Representatives . There is no constitutional requirement for the election of senators to take place at the same time as those for members of the House of Representatives , though the government usually synchronises election dates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9df6903c7eab76fffd123fbd5cd070e1", "text": "Old Parliament Building (Quebec) Old Parliament Building ( Quebec ) was the site of the seat of government of Lower Canada , Canada West , Province of Canada and Quebec . It was located in what is Parc Montmorency today , the site of two Parliament buildings from 1791 to 1883 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f682de9dd6d9a2d13a1156dc08cdbf9f	Steve Buscemi is in television shows.	[ { "docid": "853c8d54c1e71e379e931d586afe31dc", "text": "Steve Buscemi Steven Vincent Buscemi ( -LSB- buːˈsɛmi -RSB- born December 13 , 1957 ) is an American actor and film director . Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films , including Parting Glances , New York Stories , Mystery Train , Reservoir Dogs , Desperado , Con Air , Armageddon , The Grey Zone , Ghost World , Big Fish , and The Sopranos . He is also known for his appearances in many films by the Coen brothers : Miller 's Crossing , Barton Fink , The Hudsucker Proxy , Fargo , and The Big Lebowski . Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. franchise . From 2010 to 2014 , he portrayed Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe , and two nominations for an Emmy Award . He made his directorial debut in 1996 , with Trees Lounge , in which he also starred . Other works include Animal Factory ( 2000 ) , Lonesome Jim ( 2005 ) and Interview ( 2007 ) . He has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows , including Homicide : Life on the Street , The Sopranos , Oz , 30 Rock , and Nurse Jackie . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b056ba25348c1a8ebb2934fbefec14e3", "text": "Boardwalk Empire Boardwalk Empire is an American period crime drama television series created by Terence Winter and airing on premium cable channel HBO . The series is set in Atlantic City , New Jersey during the Prohibition era and stars Steve Buscemi as Nucky Thompson . Winter , a Primetime Emmy Award-winning screenwriter and producer , created the show , inspired by the book Boardwalk Empire : The Birth , High Times , and Corruption of Atlantic City by Nelson Johnson about historical criminal kingpin Enoch L. Johnson . The pilot episode was directed by Martin Scorsese and produced at a cost of $ 18 million . On September 1 , 2009 , HBO picked up the series for an additional 11 episodes . The series premiered on September 19 , 2010 , and completed its five-season run on October 26 , 2014 . Boardwalk Empire received widespread critical acclaim , particularly for its visual style and basis on historical figures , as well as for Buscemi 's lead performance . The series received 57 Primetime Emmy Award nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series , winning 20 . The series also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama in 2011 and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 and 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7996e9d50e5c2d451622f3cef7b81e26", "text": "Analog television Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio . In an analog television broadcast , the brightness , colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude , frequency or phase of the signal . Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference becomes reproduced by the receiver . So with analog , a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference . In contrast , a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality . Analog television may be wireless or can be distributed over a cable network using cable converters . All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) used analog signals . Analog television around the world has been in the process of shutting down since the late 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a0cef3c12503f0c207fc6d2e4b8687", "text": "BBC Entertainment BBC Entertainment is an international television channel broadcasting comedy , drama , light entertainment , reality and children 's programming ( some regions only ) from the BBC , Channel 4 and other UK production houses . The channel broadcasts regional versions to suit local demands and replaces BBC Prime . It is wholly owned by BBC Worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41bcfff1d38f7d1679d4364c9e60becb", "text": "Car Booty Car Booty is a British television programme shown on BBC One as part of their daytime schedule , and is showing on Digital channel , Home , it was also repeated on Challenge TV for a brief period in February 2005 . The concept of the show is for a family or group who are in need of funds to sell items from around their home at a car boot sale , in order to raise the desired amount of money . There are times when there is an antique too good for the boot sale , so coverage of a family member taking an item to a specialist is often shown . The show is presented by Lorne Spicer , who can also be seen on daytime show Money Spinners and recently on BBC 's My Life For Sale . She is joined by valuer Mark Franks and from time to time Paul Hayes , who also presents the show by himself when Lorne is not available . The show is made by Leopard Films , who also make Cash in the Attic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e84ed3170de25ad61e8c33444a56f496", "text": "30 Minutes (TV series) 30 Minutes is an American educational news magazine television series that aired on CBS on Saturdays from 1978 to 1982 following its Saturday morning cartoon lineup . Patterned after 60 Minutes , its topics ranged from acne and rock bands to the Ku Klux Klan and juvenile defendants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da6d5cf44437615564c3c2c52924257", "text": "Miami Medical Miami Medical ( formerly titled Miami Trauma ) is a medical drama television series that aired on CBS from April 2 to July 2 , 2010 . It follows the professional and private lives of a team of trauma surgeons . The series was created by Jeffrey Lieber and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television and Warner Bros. . Television . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS cancelled the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d7f7f4588a328fa5d8163b3a1626922", "text": "Sgt. Bilko Sgt. Bilko is a 1996 American comedy film directed by Jonathan Lynn and written by Andy Breckman . It is an adaptation of the iconic 1950s television series The Phil Silvers Show , often informally called Sgt. Bilko , or simply Bilko , and stars Steve Martin , Dan Aykroyd and Phil Hartman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c4a87d67088bac536271f1b3b5020f", "text": "Marsupilami (1993 TV series) Marsupilami is an American animated television series that first appeared on television in Raw Toonage , and was then spin off into his own eponymous show on CBS for the 1993 -- 94 season . The show was based on the popular comic book line by Belgian artist André Franquin et al. . In 2000 , a second Marsupilami cartoon premiered in France , lasting 130 episodes spread over 5 seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564d5e139c9b927dbfd392223a3173d5", "text": "Darkroom (TV series) Darkroom is an American television thriller anthology produced by Universal Television which aired on ABC from November 27 , 1981 to January 15 , 1982 . As an anthology horror/thriller series it was similar in style to Rod Serling 's Night Gallery . Each 60-minute episode featured two or more stories of varying length with a new story and a new cast , but each of the episode wraparound segments was hosted by James Coburn . Among the performers who appeared on the series were Steve Allen , Esther Rolle , Helen Hunt , Claude Akins , Richard Anderson , Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs , Carole Cook , David Carradine , Billy Crystal , Pat Buttram , Brian Dennehy , Lawrence Pressman , Dub Taylor , Rue McClanahan , Lloyd Bochner , Ronny Cox , R. G. Armstrong , and June Lockhart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85fad671e7ea13315226ec012385416c", "text": "Soul Man (TV series) Soul Man is an American sitcom starring Dan Aykroyd that aired on ABC from April 15 , 1997 to May 26 , 1998 . A total of 25 half-hour episodes were produced over two seasons . The series premiered on April 15 , 1997 , and was picked up for a second season of 22 half-hour episodes after only three episodes aired for the first season . Despite ranking 29th in its 2nd and final season , it ended on May 26 , 1998 , with 25 half-hour episodes produced in total . A four-year-old Spencer Breslin made his TV debut and was a series regular for the three-episode-long 1997 first season , in which he played the youngest child of Aykroyd . The theme song was `` Soul Man '' written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter . Aykroyd was closely associated with the song , having released a hit single of it in 1979 with his band The Blues Brothers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e5ebda425f6b4120d3a8273c3b97a96", "text": "According to Jim According to Jim is an American sitcom television series starring Jim Belushi in the title role as a suburban father of three children ( five children starting with the season-seven finale ) . It originally ran on ABC from October 3 , 2001 to June 2 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ad6637a1ffa878920ecd12297efb655", "text": "Out Where the Buses Don't Run `` Out Where the Buses Do n't Run '' is the third episode of the second season of the American crime drama television series Miami Vice . The episode first aired on NBC on 18 October 1985 . It featured guest star Bruce McGill as an eccentric retired police officer attempting to aid Metro-Dade detectives James `` Sonny '' Crockett and Ricardo `` Rico '' Tubbs in the search for a missing drug lord . The episode was the second of four in the series directed by Jim Johnston , and was written by John Mankiewicz and Douglas Lloyd McIntosh based on a story idea by McIntosh and Joel Surnow . `` Out Where the Buses Do n't Run '' was well-received critically , earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for editor Robert A. Daniels , and appearing in TV Guide 's 1997 list of the `` 100 Greatest TV Episodes of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d63b9a16281f3f8897a32ff7364e6c4", "text": "Das Bus `` Das Bus '' is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' ninth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 15 , 1998 . In an extended parody of Lord of the Flies , Bart , Lisa and other children from Springfield Elementary School are stranded on an island and are forced to work together . Meanwhile , Homer founds his own Internet company . It was written by David S. Cohen and directed by Pete Michels . Guest star James Earl Jones narrates the final scene of the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30bfddc8df905a4052ae484f1dc35215", "text": "The Closer (1998 TV series) The Closer is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS for 10 episodes in 1998 . The show starred Tom Selleck as a successful advertising agency executive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7974cfda4984b0e31e9d443187a96e2b", "text": "The Thin Blue Line (TV series) The Thin Blue Line ( a colloquial term for police forces ) is a British sitcom starring Rowan Atkinson and written by Ben Elton . It aired on the BBC from 1995 to 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ebd1277451958a5b098f3c027fbb751", "text": "Aquarius (U.S. TV series) Aquarius is an American period crime drama television series created by John McNamara for NBC . The show aired from May 28 , 2015 , to September 10 , 2016 . In 2015 , the series was among seven others to receive the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Most Exciting New Series . On October 1 , 2016 , NBC cancelled the series after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5e5cd417b2dacfd9af51deb8e16c94", "text": "Tony Blundetto Anthony `` Tony '' Blundetto , played by Steve Buscemi , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos . He is Tony Soprano 's cousin who is released from prison at the beginning of the show 's fifth season . Upon release , Tony Blundetto begins to pursue a straight , non-criminal life . However , he is eventually overpowered by the challenges of civilian life and turns back to crime , dragging the DiMeo Crime Family into the Lupertazzi Crime Family 's power struggle . For his work in season 5 , Buscemi received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95074784108ca5349589acb92947a93f", "text": "The Making of the Mob: Chicago The Making of the Mob : Chicago is an American television miniseries , and the second season of The Making of the Mob , based on the iconic Chicago gangster Al Capone and his rise and fall in the Chicago Mafia . It is produced by Stephen David and premiered on July 11 , 2016 , on AMC in eight parts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8af27f9496641a64a771537a37787cc3	Glenn Frey is a rock singer.	[ { "docid": "b6f41e0447a7f16fb4c82a1bd9a274f6", "text": "Glenn Frey Glenn Lewis Frey ( -LSB- fraɪ -RSB- November 6 , 1948 -- January 18 , 2016 ) was an American singer , songwriter and actor , best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles . Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles , roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley , with whom he wrote most of the Eagles ' material . Frey played guitar , piano , and keyboards . He sang lead vocals on songs such as `` Take It Easy '' , `` Peaceful Easy Feeling '' , `` Tequila Sunrise '' , `` Already Gone '' , `` Lyin ' Eyes '' , `` New Kid in Town '' , and `` Heartache Tonight '' . After the breakup of the Eagles in 1980 , Frey embarked on a successful solo career . He released his debut album , No Fun Aloud , in 1982 and went on to record Top 40 hits `` The One You Love '' , `` Smuggler 's Blues '' , `` Sexy Girl '' , `` The Heat Is On '' , `` You Belong to the City '' , `` True Love '' , `` Soul Searchin ' '' and `` Livin ' Right '' . As a member of the Eagles , Frey won six Grammy Awards , and five American Music Awards . The Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 , the first year they were nominated . Consolidating his solo recordings and those with the Eagles , Frey had 24 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9055355e38585b2731e80aeca574081", "text": "Already Gone (Eagles song) `` Already Gone '' is a song recorded by the American rock band Eagles for their 1974 album On the Border . It was written by Jack Tempchin and Robb Strandlund and produced by Bill Szymczyk . The song was the first single released from On the Border and peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Since then , the Eagles have included it on their greatest hits albums and in their live performances . Tanya Tucker and Wilson Phillips have covered the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27c0a7916eea0527ee02d83fe2c2195f", "text": "Eagles (band) The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey , Don Henley , Bernie Leadon , and Randy Meisner . With five number-one singles , six Grammy Awards , five American Music Awards , and six number one albums , the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s . At the end of the 20th century , two of their albums , Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and Hotel California , were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America . Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of `` The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine 's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . The Eagles are one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time , having sold more than 150 million records -- 100 million in the U.S. alone -- including 42 million copies of Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and 32 million copies of Hotel California . Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U.S. . They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U.S. history . The band released their debut album , Eagles , in 1972 , which spawned three top 40 singles : `` Take It Easy , '' `` Witchy Woman , '' and `` Peaceful Easy Feeling . '' Their next album , Desperado ( 1973 ) , was less successful than the first , only reaching number 41 on the charts ; neither of its singles reached the top 40 . However , the album does contain what would go on to be two of the band 's most popular tracks : `` Desperado '' and `` Tequila Sunrise . '' The band released On the Border in 1974 , adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album . The album generated two top 40 singles : `` Already Gone '' and their first number one , `` Best of My Love . '' Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles : `` One of These Nights , '' `` Lyin ' Eyes , '' and `` Take It to the Limit , '' the first hitting the top of the charts . Guitarist and vocalist , Joe Walsh , also joined the band in 1975 . The Eagles continued that success and hit their commercial peak in late 1976 with the release of Hotel California , which would go on to sell more than 16 million copies in the U.S. alone and more than 32 million copies worldwide . The album yielded two number-one singles , `` New Kid in Town '' and `` Hotel California . '' They released their last studio album for nearly 28 years in 1979 with The Long Run , which spawned three top 10 singles : `` Heartache Tonight , '' `` The Long Run , '' and `` I Ca n't Tell You Why , '' the lead single being another chart-topping hit . The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over , a mix of live and new studio tracks . They toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 . In 2007 , the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden , their first full studio album in 28 years and their sixth number one album . The next year they launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album . In 2013 , they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the band 's documentary release , History of the Eagles . Following the death of Frey in January 2016 , Henley stated in several interviews that he did n't think the band would perform again . However , in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2f3cef5ee5853668f38495dc602a17e9", "text": "Donald N. Frey Donald Nelson Frey ( pronounced Frī ) ( March 23 , 1923 -- March 5 , 2010 ) , was widely known as the Ford Motor Company product manager who , along with Lee Iacocca and others , developed the Ford Mustang into a viable project -- and who ultimately supervised the development of the car in a record 18 months . At times besieged by autograph seekers for his role with the Mustang , Frey , a third generation engineer , was `` one of the few auto executives with experience in all three of the industry 's essential areas : design , manufacture and sales . '' He had nonetheless been most proud of assisting Ford in introducing safety improvements to their lineup , including disc brakes and radial tires . In 1967 , Time called Frey `` Detroit 's sharpest idea man '' . Frey went on to a successful career as an innovator in manufacturing and information systems and as chairman and CEO Bell & Howell . In 1990 , he received the National Medal of Technology in a White House ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cc11c1a4bbb0ec7c0680eb8ac9911ce", "text": "Prism (band) Prism ( often styled as PRiSM ) is a Canadian rock band formed in Vancouver in 1977 . They were originally active from 1977 to 1984 and have been active again from 1987 to present . Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Ron Tabak , guitarist Lindsay Mitchell , keyboardist John Hall , bass guitarist Allen Harlow , and drummer Rocket Norton . The band 's sound is a mix of Album-oriented rock ( AOR ) and pop rock , and they have released a total of thirteen studio albums , three compilation albums , and one live album . Prism 's success has been primarily in Canada where they won the Canadian music industry Juno Award for Group of the Year in 1981 , although they also reached the US top 40 charts with 1981 's `` Do n't Let Him Know '' . Prism is also noteworthy for launching the careers of several former group members , including international record producer Bruce Fairbairn , songwriter Jim Vallance , Powder Blues Band frontman Tom Lavin , and Headpins and Chilliwack musician Ab Bryant . A pre-fame Bryan Adams also contributed as a songwriter to several early Prism releases . On Sunday March 6 , 2011 , Prism 's `` Spaceship Superstar '' was chosen as the wake up song for the Space Shuttle Discovery crew members . This was a significant point in history as it was the last day that the crews of Discovery and the International Space Station were together before Discovery returned to Earth in the last mission of Discovery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532b8d92510feeff72678b5f7b0ae887", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance was an award presented at the 2012 and 2013 Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it was designed for solo , duo/groups or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) hard rock or metal recordings and was limited to singles or tracks only . The award was first presented in 2012 , after a major restructuring of Grammy categories . It combined the previous categories Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Metal Performance . The restructuring was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . However , the Recording Academy announced in June 2013 that the category would split in 2014 , returning the Best Metal Performance category and recognizing quality hard rock performances in the Best Rock Performance category . According to the Academy , `` it was determined that metal has a very distinctive sound , and hard rock more closely aligns with rock and can exist comfortably as one end of the rock spectrum . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5e3ed740d68c08aa0de5fc48107ba", "text": "Alice Cooper (band) Alice Cooper was an American rock band formed in Phoenix , Arizona in 1964 . The band consisted of lead singer Vince Furnier , Glen Buxton ( lead guitar ) , Michael Bruce ( rhythm guitar , keyboards ) , Dennis Dunaway ( bass guitar ) , and Neal Smith ( drums ) . Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and has had a solo career under that name since the band became inactive in 1975 . The band was notorious for their elaborate , theatrical shock rock stage shows . In 2011 , the original Alice Cooper band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . After several years of little success , the Alice Cooper band rose to fame in 1971 with the success of the single `` I 'm Eighteen '' and the album Love It to Death . The band peaked in popularity in 1973 with the album Billion Dollar Babies and its tour , which broke box-office records previously held by The Rolling Stones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "706dfd1d597ab227e95e65cf29c4dc45", "text": "Hearts & Flowers Hearts & Flowers was a Los Angeles folk rock club band , perhaps most significant as one of the groups that launched the career of Eagles ' founding member and guitarist-songwriter , Bernie Leadon . The lineup included Larry Murray ( vocals , guitar ) , Dave Dawson ( vocals , guitar , autoharp ) , and Rick Cunha ( vocals , guitar ) . The individual members met at the ongoing Monday night jam sessions being held at The Troubador over which Murray presided . Cunha and Dawson , who played in a duo , were newcomers as recent transplants to the area from Hawaii . After a few informal picking sessions , the trio gelled and started performing . `` We had a unique sound , a very strange sound , particularly because we found what we did best was old , traditional , country hillbilly music , Murray told John Einarson . `` That became the core of what we did , the three of us , and we took it from there . '' The group 's sound was described as `` Merle Haggard-meets-Sgt . Pepper '' as a result of the wide-ranging influences each member brought to Hearts & Flowers . This included the aforementioned Haggard , plus Buck Owens , The Louvin and Everly brothers , The Country Gentlemen , The Beatles , and Bob Dylan . With such unorthodox influences -- plus the fact that the band featured autoharp -- , the group was torn about the direction it wanted to take . `` Had it been up to us , we would have gone way country , '' said Cunha . `` We wanted it to be commercial and fit into the pop market , but left to our own devices it would have been even more country . Production changed what we would have done . '' Meanwhile , Hearts & Flowers was influencing local musicians who heard them in various folk clubs around the Los Angeles area . This included several people who would later be credited with developing the then-germinating Southern California country-rock sound . Jim Messina ( Buffalo Springfield , Poco , Loggins and Messina ) says , `` Those three guys were probably the closest thing to what we were all flowing into . They were the cutting edge of where the rest of us were going . They were the black that did n't quite have the edge sharped on it yet . I got my first Telecaster from Rick Cunha . '' The group signed a deal with Capitol Records ' Folk World label in December 1966 . Once in the studio , the trio was filled out with studio musicians and steered into a more folk direction . On the road , the group would be augmented with an ever-changing series of musicians including Terry Paul ( Kris Kristofferson ) , Pete Carr ( The Hour Glass ) , and Karen Carpenter ( The Carpenters ) . Tensions over the direction of the group eventually came to a head . Cunha left the group in Fall 1967 to write country music and produce . Leadon replaced Cunha for the second album in 1968 . Leadon was well known to Murray as they had played in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers , a San Diego bluegrass group responsible for launching both those members ' careers as well as those of Chris Hillman ( The Byrds , The Flying Burrito Brothers , Manassas ) and Kenny Wertz ( The Flying Burrito Brothers , Country Gazette ) . Among venues they played during the mid-1960s , were Los Angeles clubs Ledbetter 's , Doug Weston 's Troubadour , The Whisky-a-Go-Go , and the Ash Grove , primarily as an opening act . Some of the groups with whom they shared a bill included The Doors , Bill Monroe , The Buffalo Springfield , and Blue Cheer . After recording two albums without major success , the group disbanded in 1968 . Murray claims the group was `` in a rut '' and each member was working with other , different musicians . `` But for a simple twist of fate , we could have been huge . We had what it took , we had a lot of charisma , the personality of the group was amazing . But I do n't think we were focused business-wise . We tended to go with losers , because they were less high-pressure , and we dodged the real pressure people whose asses we should have been kissing . But you do what you do . Everything we did seemed like a good idea at the time . '' The timing of the break-up could n't have been worse . It was just prior to the release of the seminal country-rock album by The Byrds , Sweetheart of the Rodeo , and the subsequent formation of The Flying Burrito Brothers , both of which are credited with popularizing the genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd9c8a5ffd8006fdf3dc99b5d7cc8c44", "text": "Glenn Carter Glenn Carter ( born 27 March 1964 ) is an English stage actor and singer-songwriter performing leading roles in musicals staged in London 's West End . He is a longtime leader of the British branch of the international UFO religion , the Raëlian Movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "680902e19fc5e504e09a3ce42bee1195", "text": "Backing vocalist Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists . In some cases , a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist 's entry or to sing a counter-melody . Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music , traditional music and world music styles . Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts . In many rock and metal bands ( e.g. , the power trio ) , the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments , such as guitar , electric bass , drums , or keyboards . In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups , backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing . In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones . The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song and the genre of music the band plays . In pop and country songs , backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist . In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus ( refrain ) section of the songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91128fe3d1e91fe2960e2ec800f3cb13", "text": "Glenn Jones (guitarist) Glenn Jones ( born October 1 , 1953 ) is an American guitarist , He is most recognized for his work in the experimental rock group Cul de Sac .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eadfe2a663c3558f66ae99973ea8149", "text": "Danzig discography This is a comprehensive discography of Danzig , an American heavy metal band , started in 1987 by former Misfits and Samhain vocalist Glenn Danzig . The band has released eleven studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs and twenty-four singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53791857eef153b0ef6c25deb528e755", "text": "Michael Anthony Franano Michael Anthony Franano ( born 1964 ) is an American rock singer/songwriter and musician known for his work in the hard rock and alternative genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda15eef65faeb16437ff1c1b832e0d2", "text": "Eagles Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 Eagles Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 is the second compilation album by the Eagles . It features many of their biggest hits not on Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) , including `` Hotel California , '' their signature song . The album was released in 1982 , after the band 's breakup . That same year , Don Henley and Glenn Frey both released their debut solo albums . The compilation features eight combined tracks from Hotel California and The Long Run . Also included is `` After the Thrill Is Gone , '' an album track from One of These Nights . ( That song , with its title that summed up the state of the band at the time , was strategically placed as the last track on Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 . ) `` Seven Bridges Road , '' the single from 1980 's Eagles Live , rounds out the album , which has sold over 11 million copies in the U.S. since its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b82bd5b9c71e461ac30d1166ab13fe2e", "text": "I Never Said Goodbye I Never Said Goodbye is the ninth solo album by Sammy Hagar . It is his only solo album released while he was a member of Van Halen . The album was recorded in ten days as a contractual obligation to Geffen Records as a condition of his leaving the label to join Van Halen and their record label , Warner Bros. . Records ( Geffen 's distributor at the time , and also Hagar 's home when he was part of Montrose ) . The album was originally titled Sammy Hagar , and included an untitled cover . The album was renamed I Never Said Goodbye , the name being chosen as part of an MTV promotional contest . Some pressings retain the title Sammy Hagar , not to be confused with the 1977 album Sammy Hagar . It features Eddie Van Halen on bass guitar , who said in an interview that he also played a very brief part on guitar uncredited . The songs `` Give to Live '' and `` Eagles Fly '' were also performed live by Van Halen together with Hagar . `` Give to Live '' also topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in 1987 , a first for Hagar as a solo artist . The former song was included on the album Live : Right Here , Right Now , the latter on the optional bonus disk as well as on the `` Jump '' single . `` Boys ' Night Out '' was performed live on the American TV show Late Night with David Letterman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c2db02ace6e57638fb5629e2c1375db", "text": "All Nighter All Nighter or Allnighter may refer to : All Nighter ( film ) , a 2017 comedy The Allnighter ( film ) , a 1987 comedy The Allnighter ( album ) , a 1984 album by Glenn Frey All Nighter ( night bus service ) , a network in the San Francisco , California area Allniters , an Australian ska band `` All Nighter '' , a 2014 song by Char Avell", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1f391c768480461a16ab8a6d48feae7", "text": "Glenn Kaiser Glenn Kaiser ( born January 21 , 1953 ) is a Chicago-based Christian blues musician , singer-songwriter and pastor . He was the leader of Resurrection Band and is currently the leader of The Glenn Kaiser Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6e254e44bf96802738bf6f2f4e2a15", "text": "Pyro Boy Pyro Boy ( born Wally Glenn ) is an American stuntman , best known for strapping fireworks all over his body and blowing them up on stage . Glenn lives in Emeryville , California . His work has been featured in numerous newspapers and publications such as Life Magazine , and in television shows such as Ripley 's Believe it or Not ! , several specials on Discovery Channel , BBC , Channel 4 , and on PBS 's Nova : `` Fireworks ! '' `` I call my act Pyro Boy , '' Glenn told the Financial Times in 2003 . `` When I 'm doing it , it 's really loud and it gives you a real sense of heightened awareness . It really feels like time is slowing down . It gets really , really hot because all the pyro is burning around you at a very hot temperature and the suit itself does n't breathe . '' In 2006 he was featured on Death Wish Live , a Channel 4 limited series filmed in the UK . In it he `` teased the Grim Reaper , '' according to The Times , and became `` a human firework . '' Just recently ( 2013 ) , Pyro Boy was featured in the music video of the modern rock band London Grammar with their release of Strong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f2443f68cb5793361f91be94ccecdcf", "text": "Max Carl Max Carl Gronenthal ( born January 29 , 1950 ) is an American rock singer , keyboardist , guitarist and songwriter . He is the current co-lead singer of the classic rock band Grand Funk Railroad . In addition , he spent several years as the keyboardist and lead singer for the southern rock band 38 Special , for whom he co-wrote and sang lead on the hit song `` Second Chance '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0b1fd5e4b4d29105130da977b9d404f", "text": "Freya Clausen Freya Christine Clausen also known by her mononym Freya ( born 17 November 1978 ) is a Danish singer/songwriter and television personality , based in Copenhagen . She worked as an MTV VJ , then moved to VH1 in 2010 . She has released two solo albums , Tea with the Queen and Chasing My Tale . Since 2010 she has hosted the pan-Scandinavian TV channel Star ! 's broadcasts from Stockholm Fashion Week by Berns . Freya released a new single called `` Into The Fire '' on September 29th 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dd37cf10692143d85f2aae8a5a898c9", "text": "Fleetwood Mac Live Fleetwood Mac Live is a world tour by the rock group Fleetwood Mac that began on April 4 , 2013 in Columbus , Ohio . 66 shows are scheduled across 14 countries in North America and Europe . The April 18 , 2013 stop in Boston , Massachusetts was one of the first major performances given in the city following the Boston Marathon bombings three days earlier . This tour has also marked the first appearance of Christine McVie with the band since 1998 . She appeared at the last two London O2 Arena shows . On October 27 , the band announced that John McVie had been diagnosed with cancer , and that they were cancelling their New Zealand and Australian performances in order for him to undergo treatment . On November 22 , 2013 Christine McVie stated she would love to rejoin Fleetwood Mac and that John McVie 's Progress was really good . On November 26 , 2013 @officialfleetwood mac ( Via Instagram ) and FleetwoodMac.com announced that Fleetwood Mac is playing 3 last shows for their `` Extended Play '' tour . Fleetwood Mac said they would do one public show and two private shows . The last public show was played on December 30 , and the two privates shows were performed from December 31-January 1 and January 8 . At midnight on January 1 Fleetwood Mac performed `` Auid Lang Syne '' to their private audience .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9edcf49898d1760a76396b38a3657eb7	Julius Caesar was directed by American director Joseph L. Mankiewicz.	[ { "docid": "7e7d04d632f03f46b86aebc5c100d9ea", "text": "Joseph L. Mankiewicz Joseph Leo Mankiewicz ( February 11 , 1909 -- February 5 , 1993 ) was an American film director , screenwriter , and producer . Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career , and he twice won the Academy Award for both Best Director and Best Writing , Screenplay for A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) and All About Eve ( 1950 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb64b5cb8aea159b632c69a6988f44f8", "text": "Julius Caesar (1953 film) Julius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare , directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz , who also wrote the uncredited screenplay , and produced by John Houseman . The original music score is by Miklós Rózsa . The film stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony , James Mason as Brutus , John Gielgud as Cassius , Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar , Edmond O'Brien as Casca , Greer Garson as Calpurnia , and Deborah Kerr as Portia .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "013e3a2969fe4ac676b172d913553bf5", "text": "John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films . Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed . Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war . Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a063ec179338d902f7593839a3aa8c93", "text": "Anton Grot Anton Grot ( 18 January 1884 -- 21 March 1974 ) was a distinguished Polish art director long in Hollywood . He was known for his prolific output with Warner Brothers , contributing , in such films as Little Caesar , and Gold Diggers of 1933 to the distinctive Warners look and style . According to TCM.com , he showed a `` flair for harsh realism , Expressionistic horror and ornate romantic moods alike '' . He was born Antocz Franciszek Groszewski in Kiełbasin , Poland and died in Stanton , California . He studied at the Krakow art academy and at technical school in Koenigsberg , Germany , majoring in interior decoration , illustration , and design . He changed his name and emigrated to the U.S. in 1909 . The Lubin Company hired him to paint and design sets in 1913 , in Philadelphia ; and he also worked on films for Vitagraph and Pathé . At Pathé he developed his innovative techniques , along with William Cameron Menzies , in the way of using continuity sketches . His method of presenting a series of sketches of all the film 's sets would later become standard practice among Art Directors , particularly with Menzies ( his assistant in 1917 , on The Naulahka ) . Cinematographer Arthur Miller remembered Anton Grot : `` a gifted and talented artist who made beautiful charcoal drawings ... of the set before it was completed . All his compositions showed a full shot of each set , with all the delicate tones and shadings that suggested ideas for lighting and , in general , were of great help to me as a cameraman . '' Grot came to Hollywood in 1922 to assist Wilfred Buckland with the sets for the Douglas Fairbanks Robin Hood ; and stayed on , to work with Cecil B. DeMille and William K. Howard . He was eventually signed by Warner Bros , as `` art director , artist , and designer '' , and designed 80 films before his retirement in 1948 . Grot collaborated notably with fellow émigré , director Michael Curtiz , on 15 films . Beginning with the biblical epic Noah 's Ark ( 1928 ) , these included The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex ( 1938 ) , Captain Blood ( 1935 ) , The Sea Hawk ( 1940 ) , and Mildred Pierce ( 1945 ) . Grot is credited with contributing significantly to Curtiz ' personal style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7c879b83c12e693a1a357fb6b908912", "text": "Julius (software) Julius is an open source speech recognition engine . Julius is a high-performance , two-pass large vocabulary continuous speech recognition ( LVCSR ) decoder software for speech-related researchers and developers . It can perform almost real-time decoding on most current PCs in 60k word dictation task using word 3-gram and context-dependent HMM . Major search techniques are fully incorporated . It is also modularized carefully to be independent from model structures , and various HMM types are supported such as shared-state triphones and tied-mixture models , with any number of mixtures , states , or phones . Standard formats are adopted to cope with other free modeling toolkit . The main platform is Linux and other Unix workstations , and also works on Windows . Julius is open source and distributed with a revised BSD style license . Julius has been developed as part of a free software toolkit for Japanese LVCSR research since 1997 , and the work has been continued at Continuous Speech Recognition Consortium ( CSRC ) , Japan from 2000 to 2003 . From rev. 3.4 , a grammar-based recognition parser named `` Julian '' is integrated into Julius . Julian is a modified version of Julius that uses hand-designed DFA grammar as a language model . It can be used to build a kind of voice command system of small vocabulary , or various spoken dialog system tasks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "418b9346ac7afc57787551180a3ef4a3", "text": "Julius J. Epstein Julius J. Epstein ( August 22 , 1909December 30 , 2000 ) was an American screenwriter , who had a long career , best remembered for his screenplay , written with his twin brother , Philip , and Howard E. Koch , of the film Casablanca ( 1942 ) , for which the writers won an Academy Award . It was adapted from an unpublished play , Everybody Comes to Rick 's , written by Murray Bennett and Joan Alison . His identical twin died in 1952 , a loss that he felt for the rest of his life . He continued writing , receiving two more Oscar nominations . In 1998 , he received a Los Angeles Film Critics Association career achievement award . His credits included Four Daughters ( 1938 ) for which he received his first Oscar nomination , The Bride Came C.O.D. ( 1941 ) , The Man Who Came to Dinner ( 1942 ) , Mr. Skeffington ( 1944 ) , The Tender Trap ( 1955 ) , Light in the Piazza ( 1962 ) , Send Me No Flowers ( 1964 ) , Pete 'n' Tillie ( 1972 ) , and Reuben , Reuben ( 1983 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abaea99d3a19d9988762f75eb6ee8a23", "text": "Special Agent (1949 film) Special Agent is a 1949 American film directed by William C. Thomas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd118bc111eab149a4134dcce4129df0", "text": "Joe Pasternak Joseph Herman `` Joe '' Pasternak ( September 19 , 1901 -- September 13 , 1991 ) was an Hungarian-born American film producer in Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfceebcc6bb6c0aa0bf19ab8bc767b8b", "text": "Henry Lehrman Henry Lehrman ( March 30 , 1886 -- November 7 , 1946 ) was an American actor , screenwriter , director and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f215ca7e243d15a1b0f03d6908052adc", "text": "Caesar and Cleopatra (film) Caesar and Cleopatra is a 1945 British Technicolor film directed by Gabriel Pascal and starring Claude Rains and Vivien Leigh . It was adapted from the play Caesar and Cleopatra ( 1901 ) by George Bernard Shaw . The film was produced by Independent Producers and Pascal Film Productions , and was distributed by Eagle-Lion Distributors . St6aff ( 30 October 1946 ) Caesar and Cleopatra was a box office failure , but it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction for John Bryan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447e5d8c0d6b75ffd3d492d9a01ca829", "text": "Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . '' Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) . His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra . Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre . He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4b5582e6f4f28e9870d45d3a2155bf", "text": "Joseph Cawthorn Joseph Cawthorn ( March 29 , 1868 , New York City , New York -- January 21 , 1949 , Beverly Hills , California ) was an American stage and film comic actor . Cawthorn started out in show business as a child , debuting at Robinson 's Music Hall in his hometown of New York in 1872 . He appeared in minstrel shows and vaudeville as a `` Dutch '' comic , employing a thick German dialect . He later worked in British music halls and American touring companies . Cawthorn made his Broadway debut in 1895 , 1897 or 1898 , and embarked on a long career lasting over two decades . His first success was playing Boris in Victor Herbert 's 1898 operetta The Fortune Teller . Other notable Broadway roles included the title character in Mother Goose ( 1903 ) and inventor Dr. Pill in the fantasy musical Little Nemo ( 1908 ) . In the latter , he was called upon to ad lib to buy time during one performance . As `` the scene called for him to describe imaginary animals he had hunted '' , he invented the `` whiffenpoof '' on the spot . Yale students in the audience appropriated it for the name of their glee club . When his Broadway stardom waned , Cawthorn moved to Hollywood in 1927 and started a second prolific career , appearing in over 50 films , the last in 1942 . He played Gremio in the first sound adaptation of The Taming of the Shrew in 1929 , starring Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks ; Schultz in Gold Diggers of 1935 ; and Florenz Ziegfeld 's father in The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) . Cawthorn died peacefully on January 21 , 1949 . He was survived by his wife , actress Queenie Vassar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebd3f968cf5b0aa3c00f3f7820225ccd", "text": "Assassination of Julius Caesar The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators . Led by Gaius Cassius Longinus , Decimus Junius Brutus , and Marcus Junius Brutus , they stabbed Julius Caesar to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March ( March 15 ) , 44 BC . Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time , having recently been declared dictator perpetuo by the Senate . This declaration made several senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favor of tyranny . The conspirators were unable to restore the Roman Republic . The ramifications of the assassination led to the Liberators ' civil war and , ultimately , to the Principate period of the Roman Empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0953602a3a6db1defe57af8b386dcb0f", "text": "Wings Hauser Wings Hauser ( born December 12 , 1947 ) is an American actor , director , and film writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd82936b623100806fbf43a859c83454", "text": "Capitol Films Capitol Films was a British film production and distribution company , founded in 1989 . In January 2006 it was sold to American Mobius Pictures , owned by entrepreneur and film producer David Bergstein , and placed it at the hub of his Pegasus Studios . In early 2010 , David Bergstein 's appointment as director for the British company was terminated and the company was placed in receivership . In October 2010 the US branch of the company was forced into bankruptcy , and in January 2012 a group of creditors filed a proposal with a federal bankruptcy court in Los Angeles to take over and liquidate five companies formerly controlled by David Bergstein , among them Capitol Films . Capitol Films was involved in the production of some fifty films , among them A Good Man in Africa ( 1994 ) , Death and the Maiden ( 1994 ) , Wilde ( 1997 ) , Dancing at Lughnasa ( 1998 ) , Gosford Park ( 2001 ) , Elvis Has Left the Building ( 2004 ) , and Lucky Number Slevin ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a6f0cb9cc3709b7f7b6c72ac5247658", "text": "The Victors (film) The Victors is a 1963 Anglo-American war film written , produced and directed by Carl Foreman , whose name on the film 's posters was accompanied by nearby text , `` from the man who fired The Guns of Navarone '' . Shot on location in Western Europe and Britain , The Victors features an all-star cast , with fifteen American and European leading players , including six actresses ( Melina Mercouri from Greece , Jeanne Moreau from France , Rosanna Schiaffino from Italy , Romy Schneider and Senta Berger from Austria as well as Elke Sommer from West Germany ) whose photographs appear on the posters . One of the posters carries the tagline , `` The six most exciting women in the world ... in the most explosive entertainment ever made ! '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b5ca2f300c2699d898cd3b72f901494", "text": "Man with Two Lives Man with Two Lives is a 1942 American film directed by Phil Rosen and written by Joseph Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e505ce08107a4dd04fb27d9bc65582d", "text": "Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges . Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a316362f1cedb1576cd711e835b9acbf	Jamie Foxx is a record producer and he acts.	[ { "docid": "09e9c2f75e9b614763f622d34b01c385", "text": "Jamie Foxx Eric Marlon Bishop ( born December 13 , 1967 ) , known professionally by his stage name Jamie Foxx , is an American actor , singer , songwriter , record producer and comedian . He won an Academy Award for Best Actor , BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , for his portrayal of Ray Charles in the 2004 biographical film Ray . The same year , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the crime film Collateral . Other prominent acting roles include Staff Sergeant Sykes in Jarhead ( 2005 ) , Detective Ricardo Tubbs in the 2006 film adaptation of TV series Miami Vice , the title role in the film Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , and the supervillain Electro in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 ( 2014 ) . Foxx also starred in the 1990-1994 sketch comedy show In Living Color and his own television show from 1996 to 2001 , the sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show , in which he played Jamie King , Jr. . Foxx also starred in the 2014 film Annie , in which he played Will Stacks . Foxx is also a Grammy Award-winning musician , producing four albums which have charted in the top ten of the US Billboard 200 : Unpredictable ( 2005 ) , which topped the chart , Intuition ( 2008 ) , Best Night of My Life ( 2010 ) , and Hollywood : A Story of a Dozen Roses ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4265e5da30645419f40b741cafc64fcd", "text": "Curtis Richa Curtis Richa ( born Curtis Richardson ; November 6 , 1972 ) is an American songwriter , producer and A&R . He is the CEO of his own company Richamusikk and is also signed to Metronumm Musikk Publishing . He is one of the founding members of the production team The Conglomerate ( aka The Conglomm ) . In total , Curtis Richa is responsible for having written and/or produced albums that have sold in the excess of 28 million records worldwide . He has worked with Jennifer Lopez , Rihanna , Joss Stone , LL Cool J , Deborah Cox , Craig David and Jo Dee Messina . Richa has also worked with foreign superstars such as Kumi Koda , Tohoshinki , Agnes Carlsson , Naime Amuro , Christopher , Rainie Yang , Fady Malouf and Darin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "784580e1a631570c314f41d3c54b8e95", "text": "White Label Music White Label Music is an independent record label based in the UK . The label is run by Marc Hunter and Ann Shenton , who was formerly a member of the band Add N to ( X ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67fc157f68c9cd8262bec1024acbd51b", "text": "DJ Roc August Wisbon ( born September 11 , 1989 ) , known by DJ Roc , is an American DJ and record producer . He is perhaps best known for his music being featured in numerous TV shows and films , including Arrow , The Eric André Show , Jersey Shore , Rich Kids of Beverly Hills and The Smurfs 2 . His songs have also gained popularity on YouTube , with his channel garnering over 20,000 subscribers and 3 million views .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "619287a8de8f639842f9b096318a07c7", "text": "I See You (The xx album) I See You is the third studio album by English indie pop band the xx . It was released worldwide on 13 January 2017 through the Young Turks label . It is the follow-up to Coexist , and is their first release in more than four years . The band announced the album while announcing frequent collaborator Rodaidh McDonald for its production and reportedly working on it in May 2014 . Group member Jamie Smith released his solo debut In Colour in May 2015 and reflected that it would influence the sound and aesthetic of I See You . The xx has stated that the record has a more distinctive sound and a more positive , open and `` expansive '' concept than the previous two albums . The lead single , `` On Hold '' , was released on 12 November 2016 . I See You received widespread acclaim from critics and became the band 's second number-one album in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d76c35b5733337e7e19feb39f8169fe8", "text": "Jay E Jason Lee `` Jay E '' Epperson is a St. Louis-born record producer and DJ . Jay E rose to fame as the main producer of rapper Nelly 's multi-platinum 2000 album Country Grammar which has sold more than 10 million copies worldwide . Jay E 's DJ experience started at a local St. Louis roller skating rink where he met future St. Lunatics member Ali . It was Ali who introduced Jay E to the St. Lunatics , which eventually led to Jay E producing St. Lunatic 's member Nelly 's first solo album Country Grammar . The December 2000 issue of Billboard magazine listed Jay E as number 16 of the Top 100 Producers and number 19 of the Top 100 R&B / Hip-Hop Producers of 2000 . On June 7 , 2001 , Jay E was presented with two awards from ASCAP for co-writing Nelly 's single `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' . Jay E has gone on to work with artists such as Joss Stone , Murphy Lee , Three 6 Mafia and Dirt Nasty Sux . Currently , Jay E splits his time between studio production and live DJ sets at various St. Louis and Hollywood clubs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0de5b2c247298f2b9a3db38a880edac", "text": "Jamie Grace Jamie Grace Harper ( born November 25 , 1991 ) is an American contemporary Christian musician , singer , rapper , and songwriter from Atlanta , Georgia . In 2010 , TobyMac found her songs on YouTube and signed her to his label Gotee Records for two albums . She released the song `` Hold Me '' in 2011 which landed her a nomination at the 2012 Grammys and won the 2012 Dove Award for New Artist of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6ee947a5506ce689419a891eb989ef4", "text": "Jamie Moffett Jamie Moffett is an American independent motion picture director , producer , and social activist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab1bf1f5726c3f1efdd1cbc54f10d71", "text": "Park Jin-young Park Jin-young ( born December 13 , 1971 ) , better known by his stage name J. Y. Park or JYP , is a South Korean singer-songwriter , record producer , reality television judge and record executive . Beginning as a singer , he then went behind the scenes as a record producer and eventually a record executive . He is the principal founder and chief executive officer of his own entertainment company JYP Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a33b116b99badaad45abaf51e4ff082e", "text": "Lydia Fox (actress) Lydia Fox ( born 1979 ) is an English film , television , and stage actress and producer . She is also known by her married name , Lydia Ayoade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c2835bd924c0f22cdc10e84edcd5153", "text": "We Are the Streets We Are the Streets is the second studio album by hip hop group The Lox . The album was released on January 25 , 2000 , by Ruff Ryders Records and Interscope Records . It was their second album as a group , and is mainly produced by Swizz Beatz . Its commercial success was driven primarily by the hit singles `` Wild Out , '' produced by Swizz Beatz , and `` Ryde or Die , Bitch '' , produced by Timbaland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0672aabf173434e3ff6ab1b940120a48", "text": "In the Flow with Affion Crockett In the Flow with Affion Crockett was a sketch comedy television series starring Affion Crockett and produced by Jamie Foxx , MADtv co-creators Fax Bahr and Adam Small , Arrested Development creator Mitch Hurwitz and Two and a Half Men 's Eric and Kim Tannenbaum . Taped in the middle of 2010 , it was picked up as a mid-season replacement by Fox in September 2010 , under the name `` Untitled Jamie Foxx Project '' . A premiere was announced for June 9 , 2011 , and then moved to August . It debuted in an hour-long premiere on August 14 , 2011 , with four half-hour episodes to air on following weeks . The show was cancelled due to low ratings after airing six episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0859497b455ae08d1db7ad512ca1edb4", "text": "Jun Sasaki is a Japanese singer-songwriter and record producer . He is best known for his work as a record producer for acts including Misia , Chara , and Yuki Koyanagi . Sasaki also works as a photographer under the alias of Yajimax . In 2005 , Sasaki married musician and actress Kaori Hifumi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84553a46cb9a6c899c3741c57fd2f8cb", "text": "Anttix Antony James Llewellyn , known by his stage name Anttix , is an English recording artist and songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e39108257f83c4f2879421e675d653", "text": "Fox Sports Digital Media Fox Sports Digital Media , formerly known as News Corp. . Digital Media and Fox Interactive Media , is a subsidiary of Fox Entertainment Group which operates Fox Sports ' online properties in the United States . When known as Fox Interactive Media , it was formed to oversee News Corporation 's new media acquisitions , including IGN , Myspace and Photobucket . However , the group would later divest most of its properties ; in 2006 , Demand Media , a company run by Richard Rosenblatt , former CEO of Intermix Media and chairman of Myspace , purchased back all of the non-MySpace assets Intermix had sold to News Corporation . In December 2009 , Fox sold Photobucket to the startup digital photography company Ontela . In October 2010 , the Fox Audience Network was sold to ad technology firm Rubicon Project . Fox Interactive Media also operated the websites of Fox 's television stations . As part of a joint venture with LIN Media in 2008 , Fox Interactive Media also began offering the Digital Publishing Platform ( DPP ) , an enterprise content management system and hosting platform primarily intended for local station websites . The DPP products were later spun off as the independent company EndPlay , which Fox and LIN still hold equity interests in . Fox would begin outsourcing their television station websites to competing provider Worldnow in 2012 . In June 2011 , Specific Media and pop singer Justin Timberlake bought Myspace for $ 35 million , which CNN reported noted was `` far less than the $ 580 million News Corp. paid for Myspace in 2005 . '' Murdoch went on to call the Myspace purchase a `` huge mistake '' . In February 2013 , IGN Entertainment was sold to Ziff Davis Media . As its only remaining properties relate to Fox Sports , the company was renamed Fox Sports Digital Media in mid-2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e88560af0ac51eefe99ea81c1ab640d5", "text": "DJ Hix DJ Hix is an award-winning Northern Irish DJ at Cool FM , a commercial radio station based in Newtownards , Northern Ireland . He currently presents the radio station 's evening show from 7pm - 10pm Monday to Thursday , following station changes in Summer 2014 ( He previously presented the ` Drivetime ' show from 4pm - 8pm Monday to Friday ) . DJ Hix was born in London before moving to Northern Ireland at a young age . He began his career as a DJ in 2002 in various clubs in Belfast , and his radio career began when he was invited by BBC 1Xtra to host their Xtra Talent show in January , February and April 2007 . The show is BBC 1Xtra 's platform for new rising radio personalities to broadcast a 2-hour show every week for one month . A few months after his time at 1Xtra he began broadcasting on Cool FM on 27 October 2007 at 9pm with a brand new show - The Urban Takeover , playing RnB , HipHop , and Urban music . On June 1 , 2010 he moved to 5 days a week on Cool FM by launching a brand new evening show on the station . `` The Pulse with DJ Hix '' airs live Monday to Thursday between 6pm and 10pm . The show focuses on fresh new cutting-edge music from all music genres . In 2012 , following changes at the station , DJ Hix moved to the brand new afternoon ` Drivetime ' show , which airs Monday to Friday from 4pm until 8pm . The show features the latest and new music from a variety of genres . DJ Hix regularly opens for some of the world 's biggest urban artists in concert . To date he has supported 50 Cent , Rihanna , Akon , LMFAO , and Kesha , all at The Odyssey Arena in Belfast . He has also performed with David Guetta , Tiesto , Example , Tinie Tempah , Plan B , Wretch 32 , Lil Jon , Chipmunk , Calvin Harris , Rev Run and many more at live stadium events . Hix notably opened for legendary RnB group Boyz II Men live on stage at Belfast 's Waterfront Hall in September 2008 , in what was they group 's first ever performance in Belfast . In 2011 Hix was awarded Best Club DJ at the annual FATE Awards , after a public vote to decide the 5 nominees . DJ Hix currently DJs weekly in a vast number of clubs in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland as well as various guest performances in other cities in the UK and across Europe . He is also a music journalist and is a regular contributor to Blues & Soul Magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "314a6fd96e10773ea14036ee62772d6c", "text": "Antix (rapper) Alex Nimier , better known by his stage name Antix , is a British-Jordanian Hip hop artist , known for discussing political , social , and personal issues ( such as his relationship with his now-deceased mother ) . Antix released his debut album Flammable Grammar in November 2010 . The album received regular circulation from Pandora Radio and garnered Antix a fan base in the United States , particularly with his track ` Hands Up ' . On 31 October 2012 , Antix released his follow-up album Question Everything and his debut single ` You 're Crazy ' entered the Music Week Urban Charts top 20 in August 2013 . MTV named him as a shortlist nominee for MTV Brand New later that year . In 2014 , Antix entered the Music Week Urban Charts again , in the top ten , with ` Bad Dreams ' . This was the first in a string of break-out singles for Antix , which have led to him being a regular featured artist on VEVO and seeing support from BBC Radio , Red Bull Music and the Huffington Post amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04827cc2b214b41c8bb6ffb77706ea64", "text": "The Fox (brand) The Fox is a brand name used for a variety of radio stations in numerous broadcast markets in the United States , many of which are owned by Clear Channel Communications , though there are several that are not owned by Clear Channel . Clear Channel currently holds the trademark to the Fox brand name based on individual markets . Most `` The Fox '' stations mainly play a Classic rock format and have varied logos , though many have a fox mascot . These stations are not directly associated in any way with Fox Sports Radio , Fox News Radio or Fox television network . Coincidentally , however , Clear Channel owns most `` The Fox '' - branded rock stations and many Fox Sports Radio stations ( as well as the Fox Sports Radio network ) . As a result , many radio stations with call signs containing the letters `` FX '' are shared between Clear Channel stations with those two formats ( for example , WOFX-AM in Albany and WOFX-FM in Cincinnati , the former carries Fox Sports Radio and the latter is branded as `` The Fox '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b16532190c25b7e47f91ba21a5eb1a7b", "text": "Juicy J production discography The following list is a discography of production by Juicy J , an American hip hop record producer and recording artist from Memphis , Tennessee . It includes a list of songs produced , co-produced and remixed by year , artist , album and title . Juicy J often produces music alongside his Three Six Mafia cohort DJ Paul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a78bf2f9027456bba09b8f0989b0652", "text": "Discomix A discomix , or simply a disco , is an extended reggae 12-inch single that typically features the vocal track followed by a dub version or a deejay version of the same track . The format became popular in the mid-1970s , with the extended bass range of 12-inch singles being better suited to dub music . The first big hit discomix was `` Ya Ho '' by The Jays and Ranking Trevor , released in 1976 . The popularity of the format led to Black Echoes magazine ( later Echoes ) publishing a weekly ` Reggae Disco Chart ' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a1096d3236fbc366a0a12da492d2f8c5	Manchester City F.C. is a very wealthy club.	[ { "docid": "6cd4ad052e59eb9d78a304157746c253", "text": "Manchester City F.C. Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester , England . Founded in 1880 as St. Mark 's ( West Gorton ) , they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894 . The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003 , having played at Maine Road since 1923 . The club 's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship , FA Cup , League Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison . After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final , the club went through a period of decline , culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998 . Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s , the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world . Since 2011 the club have won five major honours , including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014 . By 2015 -- 16 , Manchester City had the fifth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of $ 463.5 million . In 2016 , Forbes magazine estimated they were the world 's sixth most valuable football club , worth $ 1.92 billion .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ebd405c09926b1aedc0e879d3dbeb6f2", "text": "FC Dynamo Moscow FC Dynamo Moscow ( Dinamo Moscow , FC Dinamo Moskva , Дина́мо Москва́ -LSB- dʲɪˈnamə mɐˈskva -RSB- ) is a Russian football club based in Khimki , Moscow Oblast . It will return to the Russian Premier League for the 2017 -- 18 season after one season in the second-tier Russian Football National League . Dynamo is the oldest Russian football club and it was the only one that had always played in the top tier of Soviet football ( along with Dynamo Kyiv ) and of Russian football from the end of the Soviet era until they were relegated in 2016 . Despite this , it has never won the modern Russian Premier League title . During the Soviet era , it was affiliated with the MVD ( Ministry of Internal Affairs -- The Soviet Militia ) and with the KGB and was a part of Dynamo sports society . Chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus NKVD , Lavrentiy Beria , was a patron of the club until his downfall . From 10 April 2009 the VTB Bank has been the owner of Dynamo after acquiring a 74 % share in the club . Boris Rotenberg Sr. was chairman until he resigned on 17 July 2015 . On 29 December 2016 , Dynamo Sports Society agreed to buy VTB Bank shares back for 1 ruble . Dynamo 's traditional colours are blue and white . Their crest consists of a blue letter `` D , '' written in a traditional cursive style on a white background , with `` Moscow '' written below it , partially covering a football underneath . The club 's motto is `` Power in Motion , '' initially proposed by Maxim Gorky , the famous Russian author , who was once an active member of the Dynamo sports society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9865129d83b096bde946cf7ac7cb8f9c", "text": "Early grounds of Manchester City F.C. Before Manchester City Football Club moved into their first permanent home in Manchester , England , in 1887 , the club played at a short series of grounds which ranged from established cricket venues to bumpy fields with no stands or boundaries nor history of sporting usage . The club was founded as a philanthropic endeavour to encourage impressionable youths to commit to wholesome activities rather than falling to the local adolescent culture of alcohol and violence . The sport of football was barely 15 years from the writing of its own rulebook . The club had no immediate option of using or constructing a stadium , and thus most of their first locations were nothing more than painted lines and goalposts . As the club reformed and changed its name twice between 1880 and 1887 , soits choice of locations were a series of low-cost , short-term solutions when their current location became untenable . In 1887 , when City moved to their sixth pitch in only eight years , they had the money , ambition , reputation and stability to construct themselves a more permanent base of operations , at the stadium named Hyde Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7706353a69e60d9b59b3d0e2f7155ff8", "text": "List of sports rivalries A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes . This pressure of competition is felt by players , coaches , and management , but is perhaps felt strongest by the fans . The intensity of the rivalry varies from a friendly competition on one end to serious violence on the other that , in one case ( the Football War ) , was suggested to have led to military conflicts . Owners typically encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches , but a rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting , hooliganism , rioting and some , with career-ending or even fatal consequences . Rivalries stem from various sources . Simple geographic proximity as well as frequent meetings in important games can lead to rivalries . Games between two rivals of close geographical proximity are usually called a local derby , or simply just derby ( UK : -LSB- 'd ɑrbi -RSB- or US : -LSB- ˈdɜrbi -RSB- ) ; a sporting fixture between two teams from the same town , city or region , particularly in association football . The phrase most likely originated from The Derby , a horse race in England , founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780 , since at least as early as 1840 ` derby ' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest . In the United States , the term crosstown rivalry is more commonly encountered for this type of rivalry . The town of Derby was renowned as the site of a chaotic and exuberant game that involved the whole town and often resulted in fatalities . The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town , and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook . Nominally the players came from All Saints ' and St Peter 's parishes , but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players . A Frenchman who observed the match in 1829 wrote in horror , ` if Englishmen call this play , it would be impossible to say what they call fighting ' . The traditional Shrovetide football match is commonplace in the town of Ashbourne , Derbyshire . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847117b2d5985ee93f75c708cc658bc3", "text": "Cardiff City F.C. Cardiff City Football Club ( Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Caerdydd ) is a professional association football club based in the city of Cardiff , Wales that competes in the Championship , the second tier of the English football league system . The club was founded in 1899 as Riverside A.F.C. before changing its name to Cardiff City in 1908 . They play their home games at the Cardiff City Stadium , after moving from Ninian Park in 2009 . The club is one of six Welsh sides playing within the English football league system , having joined the Southern Football League in 1910 before moving into the Football League in 1920 , and is the only club from outside England to have won the FA Cup , doing so in 1927 . They have also reached three other cup finals in English competitions , the 1925 FA Cup Final against Sheffield United , the 2008 FA Cup Final against Portsmouth and the 2012 Football League Cup Final against Liverpool , suffering defeat on each occasion , and have won the Welsh Cup on 22 occasions , making them the second most successful team in the competition 's history behind Wrexham . The club 's longest period in the top-tier of English football came between 1921 and 1929 and they have spent seven seasons in the top-flight since this period , the most recent being in the 2013 -- 14 , being relegated after a single season . Since 1908 , the club 's home colours have been blue and white , leading to a nickname of The Bluebirds , with the exception of a period between 2012 and 2015 when the club 's owner , Vincent Tan , rebranded the club and changed the home colours to red . The club reverted to their traditional blue in January 2015 . They have long-standing rivalries with nearby clubs Swansea City , known as the South Wales derby , and Bristol City , known as the Severnside derby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5391ab2fc26e5b8a263e723441535f6", "text": "Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues . It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages . It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team . As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C. However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run . Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... '' For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on . The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2accdd73b7f41a4d5eb9fa50cc1d2e46", "text": "History of FC Bayern Munich FC Bayern Munich is a German sports club based in Munich , Bavaria . It is best known for its professional football team , which plays in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system , and is the most successful club in German football history , having won a record 26 national titles and 18 national cups . Founded in 1900 by eleven football players led by Franz John , the club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when , under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer , it won the European Cup three times in a row ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Overall , Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals , most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble . Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup , one European Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups , making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally . Since the formation of the Bundesliga , Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 26 titles and has won 8 of the last 12 titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84f9eef1ab867b4d50f83dcbe30291a", "text": "Bank of England club The Bank of England club is a nickname in English association football for a football club which has a strong financial backing . It was used to refer to Arsenal F.C. in the 1930s as well as in recent times for being the last of the Premier League 's Big Four clubs to be owned primarily by English investors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aadba8b89158a569e52006220cfe3cd", "text": "Everton F.C. Everton F.C. -LSB- ˈɛvərtən -RSB- is a football club in Liverpool , England , that currently competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club have competed in the top division for a record 114 seasons and won the League Championship nine times , and the FA Cup five times . Formed in 1878 , Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later . Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins , Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period , until a revival in the 1960s , which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup . The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success , with two League Championships , an FA Cup , and the 1985 European Cup Winners ' Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians . Everton have a rivalry with neighbours Liverpool , and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby . The club have been based at Goodison Park in Walton , Liverpool , since 1892 , after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent . The club 's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99a45468d5c6843a1c0d3c1c36769e8b", "text": "Paul Scholes Paul Scholes ( -LSB- ˈpɔːl_ˈskoʊlz -RSB- born 16 November 1974 ) is an English retired footballer who played his entire professional career for Manchester United . He is currently co-owner of Salford City and a television pundit for BT Sport . He is the most decorated English footballer of all time , and one of the most successful footballers in history , having won a total of 25 trophies , featuring 11 Premier League titles and two Champions League titles . Born in Salford and raised in Langley from infancy , Scholes excelled in both cricket and football while at school . He first trained with Manchester United at the age of 14 after being spotted by a scout visiting his school , signing for them as an apprentice on leaving school in 1991 , and turning professional in 1993 . He made his full debut for United in the 1994 -- 95 season . Scholes represented the England national team from 1997 to 2004 , gaining 66 caps and participating in the 1998 and 2002 World Cups , as well as the UEFA Euro 2000 and Euro 2004 tournaments . Regarded as one of the best midfielders of his generation , over his career , he has received praise from other managers and players , including Xavi , who called him `` the best central midfielder I 've seen in the last 15 , 20 years '' . Thierry Henry has cited Scholes as the greatest player in Premier League history . However , Scholes has also been criticised for his disciplinary record , amassing the fourth-most yellow cards in Premier League history with 97 , and the most yellow cards in Champions League history with 32 . Scholes made 718 appearances for United , the third-highest number of appearances by any player for the club . Scholes announced his retirement from playing on 31 May 2011 , receiving a testimonial match , and began his coaching career at the club from the 2011 -- 12 season onward . However , he reversed this decision on 8 January 2012 , and went on to play one more season before retiring again in May 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a55447e62be4532f1d77b6518bd3dafc", "text": "Firoz Kassam Firoz Kassam ( born 1955 ) is a British businessman . Born and brought up in Tanzania , of Indian descent , he came to Britain at the age of 19 . He owned Oxford United F.C. from 1999 to 2006 , and was named the 309th wealthiest person in the UK in the Sunday Times Rich List 2009 with an estimated fortune of # 180 million . Starting out with a fish and chip shop , Kassam made his fortune as a slum hotelier and in the 1980s was labelled a `` merchant of misery '' . He bought run-down London hostels and hotels and was paid by local councils to fill them with homeless people and asylum seekers , until the inmates rebelled over the conditions in which they were being housed . In 1999 , Kassam bought Oxford United F.C. for # 1 , also taking over its debts , estimated to be in the region of # 13m . In 2000 , he resumed building a 12,500-capacity stadium at Minchery Farm on the edge of Oxford , which he called the Kassam Stadium . Construction of this stadium had actually been in progress since 1997 , but was suspended in the early stages due to the club 's financial problems . The fourth side of the stadium was left empty due to Oxford 's decline in the league , as they had dropped down two divisions while the stadium was being built . The development includes a hotel , cinema , bowling alley , gym , health centre and restaurants . Oxford United played its first game there on 18 August 2001 , in Division Three of the Football League . Kassam sold the football club in 2006 , but retained ownership of the stadium through his company Firoka with Oxford United ( and later also London Welsh RFC ) as tenants . Oxford United 's old home , the Manor Ground in Headington , was sold by Kassam , first to his own holding company for # 6 million , and then to developers for # 12 million in 1999 . The ground has since been demolished and developed into the Manor Hospital , which opened in October 2004 . Kassam also owns the historic mansion and grounds of Heythrop Park which he purchased in 1999 for # 15m . The site recently underwent a # 50 million rebuilding programme and has been developed into a luxury hotel and spa with an 18-hole championship golf course and restored landscape gardens . In August 2005 , he purchased Studley Castle in Warwickshire , a hotel and conference centre formerly owned by Phoenix Venture Holdings , the consortium who owned carmaker MG Rover from 2000 until 2005 . In February 2006 , Kassam 's Firoka company was announced as the preferred bidder for the redevelopment of Alexandra Palace in London . The whole Palace would be given to Firoka on a 125-year lease for commercial uses . As it is held on a charitable trust , and Firoka is a private company , this proposal was very controversial . It was subject to agreement of the charity commission , which received 350 objections to the lease to develop a multi-use exhibition , leisure and entertainment complex . On 5 October 2007 in the High Court , Mr Justice Sullivan granted an application by a member of the conservationist Save Ally Pally group to quash the Charity Commission 's Order authorizing the lease .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5933919f469a4775fd39d6e3028ea926", "text": "List of Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. records and statistics Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club is an English football club based in Wolverhampton . The club was founded as St Luke 's in 1877 , soon becoming Wolverhampton Wanderers , before being a founder member of the Football League in 1888 . Since that time , the club has played in all four professional divisions of the English football pyramid , and been champions of all these levels . They have also been involved in European football , having been one of the first English clubs to enter the European Cup , as well as reaching the final of the first staging of the UEFA Cup . This list encompasses all honours won by Wolverhampton Wanderers and records set by the club , their managers and their players . The player records section includes details of the club 's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions , as well as transfer fee records paid and received by the club . A list of streaks recording all elements of the game ( wins , losses , clean sheets , etc. ) is also presented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "342e11e253e96c1dc85e58c9a6dd8225", "text": "Manchester F.C. Manchester F.C. may refer to one of the following association football teams : Manchester City F.C. Manchester United F.C. Manchester 62 F.C. Manchester SC F.C. United of Manchester Manchester Central F.C. Manchester Rugby Club", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68c4daa2f1f5e51c4a5e3c18ab852e9", "text": "Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e76d134be73ef06ec93fb7fc5024310e", "text": "History of Manchester City F.C. (1880–1928) This page chronicles the history of Manchester City in further detail from its early years in 1880 to 1928 . See Manchester City F.C. for an overview of the football club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063762609cd1e7e3178ca596805db0f7", "text": "FK Sarajevo Fudbalski klub Sarajevo ( Sarajevo Football Club ) is a Bosnian professional football club based in Sarajevo , the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is one of the most successful clubs in the country . Founded on 24 October 1946 , FK Sarajevo was the most successful club from SR Bosnia in former SFR Yugoslavia , winning two Yugoslav First League titles , being runners-up on two other occasions and finishing 6th in that competition 's all-time table . The club 's official colours are maroon and white . FK Sarajevo was the only major football club founded by the post-war Yugoslav authorities in the city of Sarajevo . The club entered the Yugoslav First League in the 1948 -- 49 season , and eventually competed in all but two seasons in the top tier . After Bosnia and Herzegovina gained independence from Yugoslavia , FK Sarajevo became one the country 's biggest ambassadors , departing on a large world tour during the Bosnian war with the goal of gaining international support for the country 's cause . Today , FK Sarajevo is one of the most prominent members of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina , where it has won three Bosnian championships , five Bosnian Cups and one Bosnian Supercup . Furthermore , the club was runners-up in the national championship another six times . It is ranked first in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina all-time table and is the country 's most prominent representative in European competitions . FK Sarajevo is the most popular football club in the country , before FK Željezničar , with whom it shares a strong rivalry that manifests itself in the Sarajevo derby . The club plays its home matches at the Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium , named after legendary club striker Asim Ferhatović . The stadium has a capacity of 34.500 . Since December 2013 , FK Sarajevo is run by Malaysian businessman , investor and former Chairman of Berjaya Group , Vincent Tan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3d4e3702f626de4f623a4a9d3c23167", "text": "1983–84 Manchester United F.C. season The 1983 -- 84 season was Manchester United 's 82nd season in the Football League , and their 9th consecutive season in the top division of English football . As FA Cup holders they suffered a shock exit at the hands of Third Division underdogs Bournemouth in the third round , but did reach the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup and were narrowly defeated by Juventus . They frequently led the league during the season but eventually finish fourth , having been held to a draw in 14 out of 42 games despite losing just eight times . Perhaps the most memorable game of the season was the European Cup Winners ' Cup quarter-final clash with Barcelona of Spain , a side featuring Diego Maradona . After going 2 -- 0 down in the first leg , United achieved a remarkable 3 -- 0 win in the return leg at Old Trafford . It was the breakthrough season at the club for young striker Mark Hughes , who scored four times late in the season , and the final season at the club for midfielder Ray Wilkins who exited Old Trafford at the end of the campaign to sign for Milan . Captain Bryan Robson stayed at the club despite an attempt to sign him by Italian side Juventus . The close season saw the arrival of wingers Gordon Strachan and Jesper Olsen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a6258409a5e9058d8c97a539b61a04d", "text": "Gentlemen's club A gentlemen 's club , or formerly traditional gentlemen 's club , is a members-only private club originally set up by and for British upper class men in the 18th century , and popularised by English upper-middle class men and women in the late 19th century and early 20th century . Today , some clubs are more accommodating about the gender and social status of their members . Many countries outside the United Kingdom have prominent gentlemen 's clubs , mostly those associated with the British Empire , in particular , India , Pakistan , and Bangladesh have enthusiastically taken up the practice , and have a thriving club scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32b70caa8ebb8e15d67a17616bd5cf42", "text": "Thames Valley Royals proposal Shortly before the end of the 1982 -- 83 Football League season , Robert Maxwell , the then-owner and chairman of Oxford United Football Club , announced that he had made a deal with the owners of nearby Reading to amalgamate the two teams to create a new club he proposed to name `` Thames Valley Royals '' . This appellation combined a loose term for the geographical region , `` Thames Valley '' , with the Reading team 's nickname , `` the Royals '' . With each team having financial problems , Maxwell claimed that both were on the verge of going out of business and that uniting them was necessary for the region to retain a Football League club . Maxwell envisioned Thames Valley Royals ' future home as an unspecified location somewhere between Oxford and Reading where a new stadium would be built , perhaps Didcot ; home matches would alternate between Oxford and Reading in the meantime . Both sets of supporters promptly embarked on mass demonstrations against the merger , including protest marches and a 2,000-man sit-in on the pitch at Oxford before a match on 23 April . Maxwell pressed on with his plan regardless , insisting that `` nothing short of the end of the Earth '' would prevent its fruition . The proposed amalgamation was stopped by the actions of one of Reading 's board directors , Roy Tranter , and Roger Smee , a businessman and former Reading player . Smee disputed the legitimacy of the controlling interest in Reading held by the faction of three Reading board members that backed the merger plan , including the chairman Frank Waller , and Tranter launched a legal challenge to the sale of certain shares on 22 April 1983 . Waller and his boardroom allies resigned under pressure from the rest of the Reading board on 12 May 1983 , and at an extraordinary shareholders ' meeting in July , Smee took over the club , ending the amalgamation plans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d834d60f437ee53745dab3d17ac2e362", "text": "2014–15 Manchester City F.C. season The 2014 -- 15 season is Manchester City Football Club 's 113th season of competitive football , its eighty-sixth season in the top division of English football and eighteenth season in the Premier League since the league was first created with Manchester City as one of the original 22 founder-members .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9228341774f97558fd139cd58a6ad49a	Denmark's parliament is located in a city.	[ { "docid": "ffde39f323ec344ac42e9b441454cae4", "text": "Copenhagen Copenhagen ( København -LSB- kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn -RSB- ; Hafnia ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark . The city has a population of 763,908 , of whom 601,448 live in the Municipality of Copenhagen . The larger urban area has a population of 1,280,371 , while the Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants . Copenhagen is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand ; another small portion of the city is located on Amager , and is separated from Malmö , Sweden , by the strait of Øresund . The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road . Originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century , Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century . Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions , defences and armed forces . After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century , the city underwent a period of redevelopment . This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts . After further disasters in the early 19th century when Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city , rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen 's architecture . Later , following the Second World War , the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes stretching out from the city centre . Since the turn of the 21st century , Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development , facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure . The city is the cultural , economic and governmental centre of Denmark ; it is one of the major financial centres of Northern Europe with the Copenhagen Stock Exchange . Copenhagen 's economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector , especially through initiatives in information technology , pharmaceuticals and clean technology . Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge , Copenhagen has become increasingly integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city , Malmö , forming the Øresund Region . With a number of bridges connecting the various districts , the cityscape is characterized by parks , promenades and waterfronts . Copenhagen 's landmarks such as Tivoli Gardens , The Little Mermaid statue , the Amalienborg and Christiansborg palaces , Rosenborg Castle Gardens , Frederik 's Church , and many museums , restaurants and nightclubs are significant tourist attractions . Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen , the Technical University of Denmark and Copenhagen Business School . The University of Copenhagen , founded in 1479 , is the oldest university in Denmark . Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs . The annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980 . Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world . The Copenhagen Metro launched in 2002 serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs . Serving roughly two million passengers a month , Copenhagen Airport , Kastrup , is the largest airport in the Nordic countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81961673e20f698bf94200e381e4a783", "text": "Denmark For other uses , see Denmark ( disambiguation ) . Denmark ( -LSB- ˈdɛnmɑrk -RSB- Danmark -LSB- ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , Kongeriget Danmark , -LSB- ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ -RSB- . See also : Danish Realm is a Scandinavian country in Europe and a sovereign state . The southernmost of the Nordic countries , it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway , The island of Bornholm is offset to the east of the rest of the country , in the Baltic Sea . and bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark itself has a total area of 42924 km2 , ; total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2210579 km2 , and a population of 5.75 million . European Denmark consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , with the largest being Zealand and Funen . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814 . The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the Faroe Islands , Iceland , and Greenland . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several cessions of territory to Sweden . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the 1864 Second Schleswig War . Denmark remained neutral during World War I . In April 1940 , a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945 . An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century , Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy . The Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849 , ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660 . It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy . The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen , the nation 's capital , largest city and main commercial centre . Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm , devolving powers to handle internal affairs . Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948 ; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009 . Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community ( now the EU ) in 1973 , maintaining certain opt-outs ; it retains its own currency , the krone . It is among the founding members of NATO , the Nordic Council , the OECD , OSCE , and the United Nations ; it is also part of the Schengen Area . Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance , including education , health care , protection of civil liberties , democratic governance , prosperity and human development . The country ranks as having the world 's highest social mobility , a high level of income equality , is the country with the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world , has one of the world 's highest per capita incomes , and one of the world 's highest personal income tax rates .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bc1ad63ecd2e4e123d9b8d59fe0a08b2", "text": "Copenhagen Opera House The Copenhagen Opera House ( in Danish usually called Operaen , literally The opera ) is the national opera house of Denmark , and among the most modern opera houses in the world . It is also one of the most expensive opera houses ever built with construction costs well over US$ 500 million . It is located on the island of Holmen in central Copenhagen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a36dff0105d0dd089f0664984529c1b", "text": "Møldrup Municipality Until 1 January 2007 Møldrup municipality was a municipality ( Danish , kommune ) in the former Viborg County on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark . The municipality covered an area of 212 km ² , and had a total population of 7,670 ( 2005 ) . Its last mayor was Gunnar Korsbæk , a member of the Venstre ( Liberal Party ) political party . The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Møldrup . Møldrup municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ( `` The Municipality Reform '' of 2007 ) . It was merged with Bjerringbro , Fjends , Karup , Tjele , and Viborg municipalities to form an enlarged Viborg municipality . This created a municipality with an area of 1,390 km ² and a total population of 88,945 ( 2005 ) , belonging to the new Region Midtjylland ( `` Mid-Jutland Region '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edef2cd5f4a2b2fc5cc7c1e3ee9eaff", "text": "Shire of Denmark The Shire of Denmark is a local government area in the Great Southern region of Western Australia , about 55 km west of Albany and about 420 km south-southeast of the state capital , Perth . The Shire of Denmark covers an area of 1860 km2 , and its seat of government is located in the townsite and locality of Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841fb2c7530f21c8f1dec7090d8f0c52", "text": "Nyborg Nyborg is a city in central Denmark , located in Nyborg Municipality on the island of Funen and with a population of 16,528 ( as of 1 January 2014 ) . Nyborg is one of the 14 large municipalities created on 1 January 2007 . This change boosted the population of Nyborg Municipality from around 18,000 to 31,009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e11918672e46879dbf5552e63290e3", "text": "Aalborg station Aalborg station ( Aalborg Station or Aalborg Banegård ) is the main railway station serving the city of Aalborg , Denmark . Aalborg Railway Station is serving as a connecting hub for rail traffic between North Jutland and the rest of Denmark . The station is operated by Banedanmark and DSB . It offers direct inter-city connections to Copenhagen and Frederikshavn , regional rail services to Aarhus and Frederikshavn as well as commuter rail services to Skørping and Nørresundby 's Lindholm station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bb76026f2045401b9104d382213c354", "text": "Indre By Indre By ( lit . English , `` Inner City '' ) , also known as Copenhagen Center or K or Downtown Copenhagen , is an administrative district ( by ) in central Copenhagen , the capital of Denmark . It covers an area of 4.65 km2 , has a population of 26,223 , and a population density of 5,638 per km ² . Neighboring city districts are as follows : to the east and south east is Christianshavn , separated from the Inner City by the Inner Harbour ( Inderhavnen ) and Copenhagen Harbour ( Københavns Havn ) to the north is Indre Østerbro to the west is Indre Nørrebro and Frederiksberg municipality , which is not a part of Copenhagen municipality but rather an enclave surrounded by the municipality , with both being separated from the Indre By along the `` lakes '' ( Skt . Jørgens Lake , Peblinge Lake , and Sortedams Lake ) to the southwest is Vesterbro to the south is Vestamager , separated from the Inner City by the South Harbour ( Sydhavnen )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6503eeeff4cb10f58751292eac2d51d2", "text": "Klampenborg Klampenborg is a northern suburb to Copenhagen , Denmark . It is located in Gentofte Municipality , directly on Øresund , between Taarbæk and Skovshoved . Like other neighbourhoods along the Øresund coast , Klampenborg is an affluent area with many large houses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b857f37bc4eb8c31fa6ed98c02165263", "text": "Timeline of Copenhagen The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Copenhagen , Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b76a0cac8653c7b1f4a9163c894522f", "text": "Copenhagen Central Post Building Copenhagen Central Post Building ( Danish : Centralpostbygningen ) , located on Tietgensgade , just behind the Central Station , in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen , Denmark , was originally built as a new headquarters for the Danish Post and Telegraph Company and now houses Post Danmark . The building was designed in Neo-Baroque style by Heinrich Wenck , who also designed the Central Station , and completed in 1912 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf5509933a40f9edfb3c0828ba31faf7", "text": "Vestergade Vestergade ( lit . `` West Street '' ) is a street in central Copenhagen , Denmark , linking Gammeltorv in the northeast with the City Hall Square in the southwest . The street defines the southern boundary of Copenhagen 's Latin Quarter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21c0230fd60ecf06e098ca6b3afaa351", "text": "Danish National Archives Danish National Archives ( Statens Arkiver ) is the national archive of Denmark . The State Archives is the collective name for the Danish National Business Archives , the Danish Data Archives , the Danish National Archives and the three provincial archives at Viborg , Aabenraa and Odense . The primary purpose is to collect , preserve and archive historically valuable records from central authorities , such as ministries , agencies and national organisations and make them available to the public . The archive is part of the Ministry of Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "037ce2830ffc99e6e83312e8fa315f9d", "text": "List of regional and local political parties in Denmark This list shows all local and regional political parties in Denmark , who ran in the latest local elections , as well as local and regional parties established after that . Local and regional parties in Denmark are commonly knowns as local lists , citizens ' lists or common lists ( Danish : lokallister , borgerlister and fælleslister ) . Those parties are not required to follow the same formats for political parties as the ordinary parties . Furthermore , the name of the party does not have to be approved by the Ministry of Social Affairs . Local and regional parties only run for local and regional elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc2335514aa8dad5366260fe28e41329", "text": "Aarhus Theatre The Aarhus Theatre ( Danish : Aarhus Teater ) in Aarhus , is the largest provincial theatre in Denmark . The present theatre house was constructed in the late 19th century , as a replacement for the old theatre , nicknamed `` Svedekassen '' ( English : The Sweat-box ) . Since Aarhus had grown to become Jutland 's biggest city during the 19th century , the old theatre had become too small to serve the public demand . A new building was designed by the Danish architect Hack Kampmann ( 1856 -- 1920 ) , and the construction began on 12 August 1898 . Only two years later , Aarhus Theatre stood completed and was inaugurated on 15 September 1900 . The architectural style of the building is Art Nouveau , with the national romantic emphasis on natural materials , and the interior design was completed by artists Hansen Reistrup and Hans Tegner . In 2007 , the Aarhus Theatre received an audio make-over .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d0da31293f0c4fd36d664df6a9801ee", "text": "Hamburg Rathaus The Hamburg Rathaus is the Rathaus -- the city hall or town hall -- of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , Germany . It is the seat of the government of Hamburg and as such , the seat of one of Germany 's 16 state parliaments . The Rathaus is located in the Altstadt quarter in the city center , at the Rathausmarkt square , and near the lake Binnenalster and the central station . Constructed from 1886 to 1897 , the city hall still houses its original governmental functions with the office of the First Mayor of Hamburg and the meeting rooms for Hamburg 's parliament and senate ( the city 's executive ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4288c57f70a745b320bf272a8fc6b614", "text": "Parliament House, Stockholm The Parliament House ( Riksdagshuset ) , is the seat of the parliament of Sweden , the Riksdag . It is located on nearly half of Helgeandsholmen ( island ) , in the Gamla stan ( old town ) district of central Stockholm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4719a8f48e7d821ff61f8df2c56a76c7", "text": "Moltke's Mansion The Moltke 's Mansion is a town mansion on the corner of Bredgade and Dronningens Tværgade in Copenhagen , Denmark . It is one of several town mansions in Frederiksstaden , although it actually predates the neighbourhood by half a century . It was built for Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve between 1700 and 1702 and was originally known as Gyldenløve 's Little Mansion ( in contrast to his larger mansion , now known as Charlottenborg Palace , at Kongens Nytorv ) . It received its current name in 1842 , after it was acquired by Adam Wilhelm Moltke , the first Danish Prime Minister under the Danish constitutional monarchy . The Baroque mansion has rich sandstone decorations featuring elephants and lion heads and is also notable for its interior decorations by Erik Pauelsen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "528faf4ddd222ad20ced98941c26a9f0", "text": "Møgeltønder Møgeltønder ( -LSB- ˈmøːˀl̩tˢønˀɐ -RSB- ) is a small town in Denmark , located in Møgeltønder Parish and Tønder Municipality in the southwestern corner of the Danish peninsula of Jutland 5 kilometers north of the Danish-German border and 4 kilometer west of Tønder . It has a population of 851 ( 1 January 2014 ) , Møgeltønder is known for the royal residence of Schackenborg Castle which was the home of the Danish Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik 's younger son Prince Joachim until 2014 . Prince Joachim and his second wife Princess Marie married at Møgeltønder church on May 24th 2008 . Møgeltønder Church is one of the largest village churches in the southern Jutland and has a rich interior e.g. a painting of the Golden Horns of Gallehus discovered at Gallehus just north of the town . Møgeltønder is also known for the main street `` Slotsgaden '' ( The Castle Street ) covered with paving-stones and flanked with lime trees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daca78ca30abf0ebad9dfe941b42e774", "text": "Embassy of Denmark, London The Embassy of Denmark in London , or formally the Royal Danish Embassy , is the diplomatic mission of Denmark in the United Kingdom . It occupies a large , modern building designed by Danish architect Arne Jacobsen which it shares with the Embassy of Iceland , completed in 1977 . The Royal Danish Embassy houses the Danish-UK Chamber of Commerce founded in 1989 , and also hosts the Representation of the Faroes in London since 2002 . In 2006 there were protests outside the embassy following the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy ; a number of people were later arrested in connection with the protest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "325abf8cdf5c46cc81a323da8ca7673d", "text": "Gentofte Town Hall Gentofte Town Hall ( Danish : Gentofte Rådhus ) is the administrative centre of Gentofte Municipality in the northern suburbs of Copenhagen , Denmark . The main building is from 1939 and is situated on Bernstorffsvej . Gentofte Fire Station is situated next to the town hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07e6f73e35b8f31cdbae6fe690b9188d", "text": "Copenhagen City Hall Copenhagen City Hall ( Københavns Rådhus ) is the headquarters of the municipal council as well as the Lord mayor of the Copenhagen Municipality , Denmark . The building is situated on The City Hall Square in central Copenhagen .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8444ff50f21fa672d80f9c062c97b672	Kirk Douglas is a producer.	[ { "docid": "a2543644dd2cc4d58041a6c7ba99368e", "text": "Kirk Douglas Kirk Douglas ( born Issur Danielovitch , December 9 , 1916 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and author . He is one of the last living people of the film industry 's Golden Age . After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters , he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers ( 1946 ) with Barbara Stanwyck . Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s , known for serious dramas , including westerns and war movies . During his career he appeared in more than 90 movies . Douglas became an international star through positive reception for his leading role as an unscrupulous boxing hero in Champion ( 1949 ) , which brought him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Other early films include Young Man with a Horn ( 1950 ) , playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day ; Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling ( 1951 ) ; and Detective Story ( 1951 ) . He received a second Oscar nomination for his dramatic role in The Bad and the Beautiful ( 1952 ) , opposite Lana Turner , and his third nomination for portraying Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life ( 1956 ) . In 1955 , he established Bryna Productions , which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and Spartacus ( 1960 ) . In those two films , he starred and collaborated with the then relatively unknown director , Stanley Kubrick . Douglas helped break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit , although Trumbo 's family claims he overstated his role . He produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave ( 1962 ) , considered a cult classic , and Seven Days in May ( 1964 ) , opposite Burt Lancaster , with whom he made seven films . In 1963 , he starred in the Broadway play One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , a story he purchased , which he later gave to his son Michael Douglas , who turned it into an Oscar-winning film . As an actor and philanthropist , Douglas has received three Academy Award nominations , an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement , and the Presidential Medal of Freedom . As an author , he has written ten novels and memoirs . Currently , he is No. 17 on the American Film Institute 's list of the greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema , and the highest-ranked living person on the list . After barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996 , he has focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life . He lives with his second wife ( of 63 years ) , Anne , a producer . He turned 100 on December 9 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "486ba469045b01d35fd902f6f4553bb0", "text": "The Producers (1968 film) The Producers is a 1968 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel , Gene Wilder , Dick Shawn , and Kenneth Mars . The film was Brooks 's directorial debut , and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Although the release date was officially 1968 , the premier took place in Pittsburgh on November 22 , 1967 . Decades later , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list . It was later remade by Brooks as an acclaimed Broadway stage musical , which itself was adapted for a 2005 feature film starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91e3a3fbc4052219b81c30bd312caeaa", "text": "Boyd Kirkland Boyd Douglas Kirkland ( November 4 , 1950 -- January 27 , 2011 ) was an American television director of animated cartoons . He was best known for his work on X-Men Evolution . His other famous works included Batman : The Animated Series . He suffered from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ) and interstitial lung disease ( ILD ) . While in ICU at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center , he died waiting for a lung transplant on January 27 , 2011 . He has a book dedicated to him called Guardians of the Galaxy cosmic team-up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3140d9711471925735d70d68bb328a75", "text": "John Goldwyn John Howard Goldwyn ( born August 10 , 1958 ) is an American film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b50aa051c8edd3fe89a3df2d3aea9ef8", "text": "Doug Jung Doug Jung is an American screenwriter and film producer . He is known for writing the screenplay for the 2016 film Star Trek Beyond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723d339a0840dae885c0221b6bd3b6f2", "text": "Douglas Group The Douglas Group is a geologic group in Kansas . It preserves fossils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b278d474038a4cd5032bd2063458f758", "text": "May 3rd Films May 3rd Films is a film and television production company founded in 2003 by noted filmmaker Kirk Fraser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2488fb8dd6f2715c3b2fdd9b1fd2b876", "text": "Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons . He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1424f0bc1996260e95969968fd3ffff", "text": "Stephanie Langhoff Stephanie Langhoff is an American film and television producer . She is the president of Duplass Brothers Productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129a58b15d022d81864f28bc2d44901c", "text": "Howard Kazanjian Howard G. Kazanjian ( born July 26 , 1942 ) is an American film producer known for Raiders of the Lost Ark and Return of the Jedi . Kazanjian is also a former 8-year Vice President of Lucasfilm , Ltd. , and a published non-fiction author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1200b4effa5ba9faca4abd0694301b97", "text": "The Juggler (film) The Juggler ( 1953 ) is a drama film about a survivor of the Holocaust , played by Kirk Douglas . The screenplay was adapted by Michael Blankfort from his novel of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57810ff1fd7cefa281bdb354eda551e3", "text": "Doug Mankoff Doug Mankoff is a producer and executive producer of fifteen independent films including Thirteen Conversations About One Thing and The Big Empty . He is the founder and CEO of Echo Lake Entertainment , a production and financing company he formed in 1997 . He is a graduate of St. Mark 's School of Texas , Duke , and Harvard Business School . He also attended the master 's program at NYU Film School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85e85c7a6fca8a56213e1601b71e47f7", "text": "Rod Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Rod '' Roddenberry Jr. ( born February 5 , 1974 ) is an American television producer and the chief executive officer of Roddenberry Entertainment . Eugene , the son of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry and Majel Barrett , is an executive producer on the upcoming Star Trek : Discovery , set for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e38ed8f0a7a0c582b8c530879bd065d", "text": "Dave Erickson Dave Erickson is an American television writer and producer , best known for co-creating Fear the Walking Dead with Robert Kirkman , which he is currently the showrunner for . He also created the television series Canterbury 's Law , and wrote and produced for television series Sons of Anarchy and Low Winter Sun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b762fc3dfca3ee822189efefa23cd4ec", "text": "Hawk Koch Howard Winchel `` Hawk '' Koch , Jr. ( born December 14 , 1945 ) is an American film producer and a former road manager for the musical groups The Supremes and The Dave Clark Five .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d55a7c50bdcbaef8ac88974dfbd58417", "text": "Scott Rudin Scott Rudin ( born July 14 , 1958 ) is an American film producer and a theatrical producer . Rudin started to work as a theatre production assistant aged 16 . In lieu of college , he took a job as a casting director and then started his own company . His firm cast many Broadway shows . Rudin moved to Los Angeles in 1980 and started to work at Edgar J. Scherick Associates . He formed his own company , Scott Rudin Productions , and his first film was Gillian Armstrong 's Mrs. Soffel . Soon after , he joined 20th Century-Fox as an executive producer , and eventually became president of production by 1986 , at the age of 29 . He entered into a producing deal with Paramount , where he stayed for almost 15 years . He eventually moved to Disney , where he made movies under the Touchstone Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures , Hollywood Pictures and Miramax Films labels . In 2012 , Rudin became one of the few people who have won an Emmy , Grammy , Oscar and Tony Award , and the first producer to do so .", "title": "" } ]	fever
07a49eec35b5e0c57a65bfb057e39700	Alfred Hitchcock used innovative forms of film editing.	[ { "docid": "0e7da144cad5d9c10beec4408da3e23a", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock ( 13 August 1899 -- 29 April 1980 ) was an English film director and producer , at times referred to as `` The Master of Suspense '' . He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres . He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England 's best director . Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939 , and became a U.S. citizen in 1955 . Hitchcock became a highly visible public figure through interviews , movie trailers , cameo appearances in his own films , and the ten years in which he hosted the television programme Alfred Hitchcock Presents ( 1955 -- 1965 ) . He also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style . Hitchcock 's stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person 's gaze , forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism . In addition , he framed shots to maximise anxiety , fear , or empathy , and used innovative forms of film editing . His work often features fugitives on the run alongside `` icy blonde '' female characters . In 1978 , film critic John Russell Taylor described Hitchcock as `` the most universally recognizable person in the world '' , and `` a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius '' . Prior to 1980 , there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film . Critic Roger Ebert wrote : `` Other British directors like Sir Carol Reed and Sir Charlie Chaplin were knighted years ago , while Hitchcock , universally considered by film students to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time , was passed over '' . Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours . Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history . Following a 2007 critics ' poll by Britain 's Daily Telegraph in which he was ranked Britain 's greatest filmmaker , one scholar wrote : `` Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema , which would be utterly different without him . His flair was for narrative , cruelly withholding crucial information ( from his characters and from the audience ) and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else . '' Hitchcock 's first thriller , The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog ( 1926 ) , helped shape the thriller genre in film . His 1929 film , Blackmail , is often cited as the first British sound feature film , while Rear Window ( 1954 ) , Vertigo ( 1958 ) , North by Northwest ( 1959 ) , and Psycho ( 1960 ) are regularly ranked among the greatest films of all time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "92718c34b9accdfb3032647a233fe30e", "text": "Scene (filmmaking) In filmmaking and video production , a scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and continuous time . Due to the ability to edit recorded visual works , it is much shorter than a stage play scene . Because of their frequent appearance in films , some types of scenes have acquired names , such as love scene , sex scene , nude scene , dream scene , action scene , car chase scene , crash scene , etc. . There is usually an opening scene and a closing scene . A scene is a part of a film , as well as an act , a sequence ( longer or shorter than a scene ) , and a setting ( usually shorter than a scene ) . While the terms refer to a set sequence and continuity of observation , resulting from the handling of the camera or by the editor , the term scene refers to the continuity of the observed action - an association of time , place or characters . The term may refer to the division of the film from the screenplay , from the finished film , or it may only occur in the mind of the spectator who is trying to close on a logic of action . For example , parts of an action film at the same location , that play at different times can also consist of several scenes . Likewise , there can be parallel action scenes at different locations usually in separate scenes , except that they would be connected by media such as telephone , video , etc. . In contrast , the traditional movie script was divided into acts , but those categories are less frequently used in the digital technology . The scene is important for the unity of the action of the film , while a stage drama is typically divided into acts . The division of a movie into scenes is usually done in the script . Some action scenes need to be planned very carefully .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2d9349dadef88e6f1cf21358741175", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills is a list of the top 100 most exciting , action-packed , suspenseful or frightening movies in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 12 , 2001 , during a CBS special hosted by Harrison Ford . Nine Alfred Hitchcock films made the list , making him the most represented director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93ef04690f05da01bc6efe4af30b75c", "text": "The Wrong Man The Wrong Man is a 1956 American docudrama film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Henry Fonda and Vera Miles . The film was drawn from the true story of an innocent man charged with a crime , as described in the book The True Story of Christopher Emmanuel Balestrero by Maxwell Anderson and in the magazine article `` A Case of Identity '' ( Life magazine , June 29 , 1953 ) by Herbert Brean . It is one of the few Hitchcock films based on a true story and whose plot closely follows the real-life events . The Wrong Man had a notable effect on two significant directors : it prompted Jean-Luc Godard 's longest piece of written criticism in his years as a critic , and it has been cited as an influence on Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d4b0d282fa3b979c0b43cc939f4035b", "text": "George Albert Smith (film pioneer) George Albert Smith ( 4 January 1864 -- 17 May 1959 ) was an English stage hypnotist , psychic , magic lantern lecturer , Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society , inventor and a key member of the loose association of early film pioneers dubbed the Brighton School by French film historian Georges Sadoul . He is best known for his controversial work with Edmund Gurney at the Society for Psychical Research , his short films from 1897 to 1903 , which pioneered film editing and close-ups , and his development of the first successful colour film process , Kinemacolor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a326ce87a3f20af8bc64dc8a126648", "text": "Brighton School (filmmaking) Brighton School ( fr. : L'école de Brighton ) was a loosely associated group of pioneering filmmakers active in the Brighton and Hove area of England from 1896 to 1910 . The core membership of the group consists of filmmakers George Albert Smith , James Williamson and Esmé Collings as well as engineer Alfred Darling ; other names associated with the group include Collings ' former business partner William Friese-Greene and the group 's London-based distributor Charles Urban . The term was coined by French film historian Georges Sadoul in an article that was translated and re-published in pamphlet form as British Creators of Film Technique by the British Film Institute in 1948 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab0a594ab852ab1d0d03c250203a3754", "text": "Appearances (film) Appearances is a 1921 British drama film directed by Donald Crisp . Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer . It is a lost film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1146f2b571a710c163739ce10c7298e", "text": "Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film . Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally . Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors . Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd4260e6ddd7f58de487c59125ffa13e", "text": "Alma Reville Alma Lucy Reville , Lady Hitchcock ( 14 August 1899 -- 6 July 1982 ) , was an English-American screenwriter and editor , best known for her work with Alfred Hitchcock , whom she married in December 1926 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00d493078907a63d91030adc9675930d", "text": "Adrian Brunel Adrian Brunel ( 4 September 1892 -- 18 February 1958 ) was an English film director and screenwriter . Brunel 's directorial career started in the silent era , and reached its peak in the latter half of the 1920s . His surviving work from the 1920s , both full-length feature films and shorts , is highly regarded by silent film historians for its distinctive innovation , sophistication and wit . With the arrival of talkies , Brunel 's career ground to a halt and he was absent from the screen for several years before returning in the mid-1930s with a flurry of quota quickie productions , a majority of which are now classed as lost . Brunel 's last credit as director was in a 1940 wartime propaganda short film , although he worked for a few years more as a `` fixer-up '' for films directed or produced by friends in the industry . After decades of neglect , Brunel 's work has latterly been rediscovered and has undergone a critical re-evaluation . His `` lost '' films are eagerly sought , and the British Film Institute includes two ( The Crooked Billet ( 1929 ) and Badger 's Green ( 1934 ) ) on its `` 75 Most Wanted '' list of missing British feature films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e433214333cdf87506389a4a735aed", "text": "Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera . The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work . For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed . The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation . This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900194fffb77767792d39fdd39c71bf9", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs . A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013e3a2969fe4ac676b172d913553bf5", "text": "John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films . Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed . Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war . Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e028d34395e5a9c615206fcf8247bf0", "text": "Herbert Mason Not to be confused with Herbert Mason the photographer who photographed St Paul 's Survives ( 1940 ) . Samuel George Herbert Mason ( 1891 -- 20 May 1960 ) was a British film director , producer , stage actor , army officer , presenter of some revues , stage manager , stage director , choreographer , production manager and playwright . He was a recipient of the Military Cross the prestigious award for `` gallantry during active operations against the enemy . '' He received the gallantry award for his part in the Battle of Guillemont where British troops defeated the Germans to take the German stronghold of Guillemont . Mason began his theatrical career at the age of 16 and appeared in several productions at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre including Barry Jackson 's The Christmas Party . During the 1920s he stage managed some of the largest shows in London ( including many of Andre Charlot 's musical revues ) and began his film career with the arrival of sound in motion pictures . Mason was the Assistant director for I Was a Spy , which was very successful in the box office and voted best film of the year . He made his debut as director in 1936 with The First Offence . His most prominent film was A Window in London a dark thriller set in the London Underground , which was a remake of the original French drama film Metropolitan . Another successful film included Take My Tip , in which he directed Jack Hulbert whose `` dances -LSB- were -RSB- beautifully staged . '' Several rising actors and actresses ( including Vivien Leigh ) made their film debuts in some of his films before they rose to prominence . He worked for several studios and production companies including Gaumont British , Gainsborough Pictures , London Films and MGM-British Studios . Mason directed 16 films ( from thrillers to comedies ) , moved into producing for the rest of his career and authored some plays with his wife Daisy Fisher , a novelist and playwright also with a background in theatre . His films were generally very well received , and some of them were marked out for the inventiveness of the plot , locations used for shooting and humour . Some of his films are remembered for introducing rising actors and actresses to the screen before they became famous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f49981e299a5bf9980825b585674bac3", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology – Volume 2 Alfred Hitchcock 's Anthology -- Volume 2 is the second installment in the Alfred Hitchcock 's Anthology series . Originally published in hardcover as Alfred Hitchcock 's Tales to Take Your Breath Away in 1977 , this issue contains 29 stories from Alfred Hitchcock 's Mystery Magazine that , by the editors , were believed to be the best published the preceding year ( 1977 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e187f596d4ae63107774a2b4eba2a291", "text": "Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color . The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters . Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color . In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor . Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9116faf21897630d4dad9a6bc7b64b0", "text": "Double Take (2009 film) Double Take is a 2009 essay film , directed by Johan Grimonprez and written by Tom McCarthy . The plot is set during the Cold War and combines both documentary and fictional elements . The protagonist is a fictionalised version of Alfred Hitchcock . The backdrop of the film charts the rise of the television in the domestic setting and with it , the ensuing commodification of fear during the cold war . Double Take is a Belgian-Dutch-German co-production and premiered in Europe at the 2009 Berlin Film Festival and in the U.S. at the 2010 Sundance film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e87988333542719ac7102a0f7104bbf1", "text": "The World of Alfred Hitchcock The World of Alfred Hitchcock is a 1976 Danish T.V. documentary directed by Annett Wolf , about the English film director Alfred Hitchcock . Shot after the completion of Family Plot , it was part of a series of films she made in Hollywood during the one year leave of absence she took from DR ( broadcaster )", "title": "" } ]	fever
083e19dc05a18098cf81e65a5007ce6a	Adrien Broner boxes.	[ { "docid": "3913a6a09581a6079aa18569d48431d1", "text": "Adrien Broner Adrien Jerome Broner ( born July 28 , 1989 ) is an American professional boxer . He is a former four-weight world champion , having held the WBO junior lightweight title from 2011 to 2012 ; the WBC lightweight title from 2012 to 2013 ; the WBA welterweight title in 2014 ; and the WBA super lightweight title from 2015 to 2016 . The Ring magazine previously ranked Broner as the fifth best boxer in the world , pound for pound , in December 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e98fc1008475b53f297aebecc904e1d9", "text": "Ad Noiseam Ad Noiseam is an independent record label that has recently published mostly electronic music ( breakcore , drum 'n' bass , IDM , dubstep ) as well as hip-hop and jazz based in Berlin , Germany . Ad Noiseam was founded in April of 2001 by Nicolas Chevreux , who also has done some of the design work for the label 's releases . Ad Noiseam originally started out as a webzine but quickly moved on to being a record-label establishing a name for itself with its first release `` Krach Test '' ( adn 01 ) , a true tour-de-force 3CDr set featuring anyone who was anyone in the 2001 electronic music scene . After releasing high quality , small batch ( mini ) - CDr releases , the label phased out the CDr 's in favour of factory pressed CDs with 2001 's `` Subfusc '' by Tarmvred , after which numerous releases on both vinyl and CD followed . Continuing its forward vision music - and designwise , Ad Noiseam built a huge following of music enthusiasts as well as musicians . On top of the label activities , Ad Noiseam is also a mailorder and a distribution channel for both in-house and other labels ' releases . Since 2001 , Ad Noiseam has spread CDs and records to end customers , stores and other mailorders worldwide . In 2011 , Ad Noiseam celebrated its 10th anniversary with a festival held at the Berghain club , followed by a series of birthday concerts in more than 10 European countries . As of July 2016 the label is in a state of `` deep freeze '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c6721d3b0f099c9c2e97d23e8f602fe", "text": "Bengal Bouts The Bengal Bouts is an annual charity boxing tournament hosted by the Men 's Boxing Club at the University of Notre Dame airing on ESPN , with proceeds benefiting the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . Begun in 1920 by legendary football coach Knute Rockne to condition football players in the offseason , the tournament later expanded entry to any member of the student body . Under the guidance and direction of Dominic `` Nappy '' Napolitano , the charity aspect of the event flourished while following the Men 's Boxing Club mantra : `` Strong Bodies Fight , that Weak Bodies May Be Nourished . '' The training regimen requires novice boxers to receive instruction and conditioning in the fall , and returning fighters begin their mandatory workouts during an intensive 6-week period prior to the tournament . In current times , the Men 's Boxing Club membership has swelled to include over 230 students , ranging from first-year undergraduate students to graduate and law school students , with participants fighting across 12 weight classes . In 2010 , the Bengal Bouts helped generate a donation of $ 100,000 for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . This surpassed the $ 1,000,000 donated throughout the program 's existence . Originally held in the Notre Dame Fieldhouse , the tournament is currently held in the Joyce Center ( JACC ) and airs on ESPN . In 2005 , a sister program , named the Baraka Bouts , was instituted for women and benefits missions in East Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da94c93d03c33146a555870192b176d", "text": "Bronner's Christmas Wonderland Bronner 's Christmas Wonderland ( stylized Bronner 's CHRISTmas Wonderland ) is a retail store in Frankenmuth , Michigan that promotes itself as the `` World 's Largest Christmas Store '' . Designed with an Alpine architecture ( see chalet ) and operating year-round , the building is 7.35 acres ( 29,700 m ² ) in size with landscaped grounds covering 27 acres ( 109,000 m ² ) . Outside the entrance are three 17-foot ( 5 m ) tall outdoor Santas and a 15-foot ( 5 m ) tall snowman . Inside , there are approximately 800 animated figurines at various locations throughout the store . Bronner 's parking lot can accommodate up to 1,080 cars and 50 buses . Some 100,000 lights illuminate Bronner 's half-mile ( 800 m ) long Christmas Lane in the evening . Michigan designated Bronner 's as an `` Embassy for Michigan Tourism '' in 1976 . Bronner 's employs over 500 people during the holiday season ( between October and Christmas ) . Founded in 1945 by Wally Bronner , Bronner 's Christmas Wonderland is visited annually by over two million people , with the weekend after Thanksgiving being the busiest of the year with over 50,000 visitors . Its inventory exceeds 50,000 trims and gifts , including Christmas ornaments , artificial Christmas trees , Christmas lights , Nativity scenes , Christmas decorations , collectibles , and similar goods . Each year , approximately 600,000 glass ornaments , 530,000 feet ( 161,000 m ) of garland , 150,000 postcards and 86,000 light sets ( nearly 530 miles ( 850 km ) of light cords ) are sold . Bronner 's has the exclusive right to sell Precious Moments Christmas-themed figurines . With the government of Austria 's permission and in keeping with the German theme of Frankenmuth itself , Bronner 's built a replica of the Oberndorf , Austria , Silent Night Memorial Chapel in 1992 as a tribute to the Christmas hymn `` Silent Night '' . Wally Bronner died April 1 , 2008 at age 81 . Bronner 's was vandalized on Christmas Day in 2010 , with some 75 store displays damaged or destroyed . Five men pleaded guilty to the crime , which involved an estimated $ 40,000 in damage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabf54a8dc16894954bc48f782d6e682", "text": "Paulie Malignaggi vs. Adrien Broner Paulie Malignaggi vs. Adrien Broner , was a boxing welterweight championship fight for Malignaggi 's WBA welterweight title . The bout was held on June 22 , 2013 , at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn , New York , United States on Showtime . The undercard included the rematch Johnathon Banks and Seth Mitchell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e478a9136688b5dd4d96a32a3685376", "text": "Shoebox style In architecture , shoebox style refers to the functionalist style of modern architecture characterised by predominantly rectilinear , orthogonal shapes , with regular horizontal rows of windows or glass walls . Along the same analogy , it refers to undistinguished styles of apartment houses , such as dingbat apartments . The puritan and repetitive shoebox style is seen as a way to low-cost construction . The term `` shoebox style '' is also applies to concert halls of rectangular shape , as opposed to the traditional circular amphitheatre/arena/horseshoe shapes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c338def4e7cdfed43d63cbfbc1a34a9", "text": "7 Boxes 7 Boxes ( released in Spanish as 7 Cajas ) is a Paraguayan thriller film directed by Juan Carlos Maneglia and Tana Schémbori . Initially the film was to be released in June 2011 , but was delayed when the film was accepted as a competitor in the International Film Festival of San Sebastian in Spain . After months of work , the film was finally released on August 10 , 2012 , and received praise from critics and the public as well as breaking box office records in Paraguayan cinemas . 7 Boxes won the `` Films in Progress '' in what was the first unanimous decision in the festival 's history . The film participated at the Moscow International Film Festival in 2013 ( translators : Andrey Efremov , Anton Titov ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c272fb5b5f3bfed6a4e4dc734de5fb2e", "text": "Chambre de bonne A chambre de bonne is a type of French apartment consisting of a single room in a middle-class house or apartment building . It is generally found on the top floor and only accessible by a staircase , sometimes a separate `` service staircase '' . Initially , these rooms were intended as the bedroom for one of the family 's domestics , and the name originates from the colloquial name for such maids : a `` bonne à tout faire '' . Today , chambres de bonne are usually the cheapest rung on the Parisian letting market , and are primarily rented by less well-off workers and students . They are also in high demand among workers who wish to maintain a small room or postal address in a big city , especially Paris . Due to the social level of the envisaged occupants , chambres de bonne are characterised by their tight proportions . The rooms usually have a surface area of around 6 -- 12 m2 , which is sometimes accentuated by being in a garret . They tend to offer minimal facilities : toilets are usually shared with the neighbouring rooms , and located on the landing . Chambres de bonne have nevertheless been the object of legislation to preserve their occupants ' quality of life and health . In the twentieth century , the French government stipulated that all rental properties must have a minimum surface area of 9 m2 , a volume of 20 m3 , and openings ( windows , doors , etc. ) equivalent to an eighth of the surface area . In recent years , landlords have attempted to rebrand their chambres de bonne by advertising them as studettes , a hitherto-unknown category of housing for smaller studios ( broadly , those of 12 m2 or less ) . Since most listings agencies do not recognise a firm distinction between `` studios '' and `` studettes '' , chambres de bonne may also simply be advertised as studios . Parisian apartment-hunters are , nevertheless , often able to infer that a studio is a chambre de bonne from its listing , due to the distinctive features described above .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d132a05e2cc07c1321dfd5ea5f3b11d8", "text": "BoxRec BoxRec or boxrec.com is a website dedicated to holding updated records of professional boxers , both male and female . It also maintains a MediaWiki-based encyclopaedia of boxing . The objective of the site is to document every professional boxer and boxing match from the instigation of the Queensberry Rules up to the present times . BoxRec publishes ratings for all active boxers and all time ratings . Since 2012 the site has hosted Barry Hugman 's History of World Championship Boxing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e073bf470e4318bbfdfc6e540f79241", "text": "Fred Cavens Frédéric Adolphe Cavens ( born Lacken , Belgium 30 August 1882 ; died Woodland Hills , California 30 April 1962 ) was a Belgian-born fencing master who emigrated to Hollywood and worked as an actor , stuntman and fencing master from the silent film era , then in television . He trained Jean Peters in the film `` Anne of the Indies '' ( 1951 ) and Guy Williams in the TV role of `` Zorro '' . COMPLETE FILMOGRAPHY Director ( feature film ) 1 . The Three Must-Get-Theres ( 1922 ) as Assistant Director . Cast ( feature film ) 2 . The Lost World ( 1960 ) as French member . 3 . Around the World in 80 Days ( 1956 ) as . 4 . The Mississippi Gambler ( 1953 ) as Emile . 5 . The Robe ( 1953 ) as Sword-fighting soldier . 6 . Dreamboat ( 1952 ) as Fencer . 7 . Lydia Bailey ( 1952 ) as Fencing instructor . 8 . Fortunes of Captain Blood ( 1950 ) as Turnkey . 9 . The Exile ( 1947 ) as Coachman . 10 . Till We Meet Again ( 1944 ) as Carpenter . 11 . Around the World ( 1944 ) as Instructor . 12 . Eagle Squadron ( 1942 ) as Frenchman . 13 . Pack Up Your Troubles ( 1939 ) as French infantry captain . 14 . The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1939 ) as François . 15 . Artists and Models Abroad ( 1938 ) as Guard . 16 . Café Metropole ( 1937 ) as Train guard . 17 . Love on the Run ( 1936 ) as French waiter . 18 . Lottery Lover ( 1935 ) as French stage doorman . 19 . L'homme des Folies Bergère ( 1935 ) as Airport official . 20 . The World Moves On ( 1934 ) as French taxi driver . 21 . Marie Galante ( 1934 ) as Postmaster . 22 . Paris Interlude ( 1934 ) as Mechanic . 23 . La veuve joyeuse ( 1934 ) as Policeman . 24 . Breed of the Border ( 1933 ) as Mike Cavins . 25 . The King of Kings ( 1927 ) as . 26 . The Three Must-Get-Theres ( 1922 ) as Bernajoux . Dance ( feature film ) 27 . The Three Musketeers ( 1935 ) as Dance arr . Film Production - Main ( feature film ) 28 . The Vagabond King ( 1956 ) as Technical Advisor . 29 . Casanova 's Big Night ( 1954 ) as Supv of dueling scenes . 30 . The Robe ( 1953 ) as Fencing instructor . 31 . The Mississippi Gambler ( 1953 ) as Fencing tech adv. 32 . Son of Ali Baba ( 1952 ) as Fencing coach . 33 . Dreamboat ( 1952 ) as Clifton Webb 's fencing instructor . 34 . Lydia Bailey ( 1952 ) as Fencing instructor . 35 . Anne of the Indies ( 1951 ) as Jean Peters ' fencing instructor . 36 . Cyrano de Bergerac ( 1951 ) as Fencing master . 37 . Buccaneer 's Girl ( 1950 ) as Fencing instructor . 38 . Adventures of Don Juan ( 1949 ) as Fencing instructor . 39 . Bagdad ( 1949 ) as Technical Advisor . 40 . The Black Arrow ( 1948 ) as Fencing master . 41 . Forever Amber ( 1947 ) as Technical Advisor . 42 . Don Ricardo Returns ( 1946 ) as Fencing instructor . 43 . Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves ( 1944 ) as Fencing instructor . 44 . The Black Swan ( 1942 ) as Fencing instructor . 45 . The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1939 ) as Fencing dir . 46 . Tower of London ( 1939 ) as Fencing instructor . 47 . Romeo and Juliet ( 1936 ) as Created and staged duels and sword fights . 48 . Cardinal Richelieu ( 1935 ) as Research dir . 49 . Queen Christina ( 1933 ) as Sword fight staging by .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c50ab3e94384fb785ce9a7bae441cc3f", "text": "Guy Waters Guy `` Arc Angel '' Waters is an Australian professional welter/light middle/middle/super middle/light heavy/cruiserweight boxer of the 1980s , 1990s and 2000s who won the New South Wales State ( Australia ) light heavyweight title , Australian light heavyweight title , Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation ( OPBF ) light heavyweight title , Australasian Light Heavyweight Title , World Boxing Federation ( WBF ) light heavyweight title , International Boxing Federation ( IBF ) Pan Pacific super middleweight title , Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation ( OPBF ) super middleweight title , and Commonwealth light heavyweight title , and was a challenger for the WBC light heavyweight title against Dennis Andries , World Boxing Association ( WBA ) World light heavyweight title against Virgil Hill , World Boxing Council ( WBC ) cruiserweight title against Juan Carlos Gómez , and Commonwealth super middleweight title against David Starie , his professional fighting weight varied from 167 +1 / 2 lb , i.e. super middleweight to 185 +1 / 4 lb , i.e. cruiserweight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38538178341ab8276655331ed22a6e88", "text": "Thomas Fleener Thomas Fleener is a military officer and lawyer . Fleener , a major in the United States Army Reserve , has been appointed to serve as a defense lawyer in the Guantanamo military commissions . He has been appointed to serve as the defense lawyer for Ali Hamza Ahmed Sulayman al Bahlul . In his civilian capacity , Major Fleener is an attorney in his own law firm in Wyoming . A former Federal Public Defender , MAJ Fleener continues to serve in the Reserves as a Judge Advocate with the 22d Legal Support Organization , Trial Defense Service , defending soldiers accused of misconduct . He is a member of the bars of Iowa and Wyoming . Prior to becoming a Federal Public Defender , Major Fleener served on active duty as an Army Judge Advocate for nearly eight years in both the United States and Europe . Prior to attending college and law school in Arkansas , Major Fleener also served on active duty as an enlisted soldier . Though Al Bahlul has consistently insisted that he wants to represent himself or be represented by a Yemeni attorney , the United States Defense Department 's Office of Military Commissions ruled that military defense counsel must represent defendants according to military commission rules . Fleener understands Al Bahlul 's wish to defend himself , agrees he should have that right , and said that forcing counsel upon the defendant `` may give the appearance to the outside world that I am here not to serve as Mr. al Bahlul 's attorney , rather simply to add some air of legitimacy to an otherwise wholly illegitimate process . '' In his January 12 , 2006 diary entry Human Rights First observer Avi Cover quoted Fleener : `` For four years they would n't let detainees have lawyers ; now they 're shoving one down his throat . '' Fleener and the question whether detainees should be able to represent themselves were featured in the October 2007 issue of the Yale Law Journal in an article by Matthew Bloom entitled : `` I Did Not Come Here To Defend Myself '' : Responding to War on Terror Detainees ' Attempts To Dismiss Counsel and Boycott the Trial . He was profiled in the August 2007 edition of GQ magazine in an article titled , `` The Defense Will Not Rest . '' After two years of appearances before the Guantanamo military commissions , Fleener returned to civilian practice , and in 2008 opened a private criminal defense law firm in Laramie , Wyoming . Fleener is a highly regarded and sought after guest lecturer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1c85cf7d85986c25d3b879f586552c9", "text": "Blackboxing In science studies , the social process of blackboxing is based on the abstract notion of a black box . To cite Bruno Latour , blackboxing is `` the way scientific and technical work is made invisible by its own success . When a machine runs efficiently , when a matter of fact is settled , one need focus only on its inputs and outputs and not on its internal complexity . Thus , paradoxically , the more science and technology succeed , the more opaque and obscure they become . '' Social constructivist approaches to science and technology studies , such as Social construction of technology ( SCOT ) often revolve around `` opening the black box '' , or attempting to understand the internal workings of a given system . This then allows the researcher to provide empirical models of technological change that are specific and better able to describe the events that took place during the development of the technology . This approach has also been criticized by scholars such as Langdon Winner for being excessively formulaic in its methods and too narrow in its focus . The concept of the `` black box '' is also important in Actor -- network theory as it relates to simplification . As Michel Callon notes , an actor-network is a system of discrete entities or nodes , while the reality that it represents is theoretically infinite . Therefore , in order to describe something in terms of an actor-network , complex systems must be simplified down to individual nodes , ignoring their internal workings and focusing only on their interactions with other nodes within the network . However , if the simplified `` black box '' is insufficient modeling the system in question , it must be opened , creating a `` swarm of new actors . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f31d9f1948cfadc702ea57fc0503c", "text": "Hennessy Youngman Hennessy Youngman is a persona invented and performed by Jayson Musson . Youngman makes addresses to the Internet at large in online episodes of a series titled `` Art Thoughtz . '' Most often , Youngman takes on the role of art critic or cultural critic while speaking to topics concerning art , race , gender , and popular culture . In addition , Youngman makes DJ mixtapes called `` CVS Bangers '' with songs interspersed with seemingly random statements and air horn blasts . In his video monologues , Youngman becomes a tutor to an audience of hopeful artists in search of success . By explaining traditional art concepts and relating them to pop culture and real-world examples , he is able to expose issues and conflicts within contemporary art society . A scheme is perpetuated , through Youngman and the `` Art Thoughtz '' videos , of following an often sympathetic character , one who is apparently outside the art world , attempting to understand and permeate a seemingly exclusive cultural society . This sort of ` underdog in the art world ' characterization can be seen in the work of video artist of Alex Bag or motion pictures such as the biopic Basquiat or the art world satire ( Untitled ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb119e96f8f07f79703b8784b18b91bc", "text": "BETC BETC is a French advertising agency founded in Paris in 1995 . Its most notable campaigns are for clients Air France , Evian and Canal + . In particular , `` The Bear '' , a commercial for French premium network Canal + , was recognised in 2013 as the world 's most-awarded TV spot in the history of the Gunn Report , an award publication detailing the most successful print and television advertising campaigns . Also in 2013 , the campaign ` Baby and me ' for Evian was ranked the most viewed on-line campaign in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48468acad76907833f8ce6c015739173", "text": "Dan Hardy Daniel Mark `` Dan '' Hardy ( born 17 May 1982 ) is an English former mixed martial artist who fought in the welterweight division . During his professional MMA career starting in 2004 , Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008 . He is currently an analyst and color commentator for the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "392b4230940cc0014628f11993e7807e", "text": "Bible box A Bible box is a small container that is used to store a bible . About the size of a bible , this box could be used to transport in safety what was a very costly book . Many varieties had a slanted or angled top with a lower lip , meant to hold the Bible for reading , when the box was placed on a table . In a sense it then served as a portable lectern . Over the years the typical Bible box was also used or specifically built to contain writing implements such as a quill , ink pot , blotting paper and writing paper . The level or slanted surface of the box then served as a desktop , for writing as well as reading . In much of Europe this kind of box was produced in many different materials , such as wood , metal or ceramics , in simple or extremely ornate styles . Bible boxes were popular in the 17th century . Many of the more refined examples can be found in museums . In Colonial America , this container was produced locally in a great variety of styles and finishes , by amateurs and professionals . Just about anybody who could afford nails , a few planks of wood , and a hammer could improvise a Bible box . The term `` Bible box '' is sometimes wrongly used in the United States to qualify antique objects which are in fact simple portable desks with no biblical connection . A more modern , cheaper and more portable version of the bible box is the bible case .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04a9f49206a02dda87f529821d374245", "text": "Box (Guided by Voices album) Box is the first box set by indie rock band Guided by Voices . The set was released in 1995 on CD and vinyl . It collects their first four limited-release albums Devil Between My Toes , Sandbox , Self Inflicted Aerial Nostalgia and Same Place the Fly Got Smashed , as well as an LP of previously unavailable material , King Shit and the Golden Boys . The vinyl edition also includes Propeller - this was excluded from the CD version as the album was already available on that format , having been included on the first CD edition of Vampire on Titus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd2413e923fe4649b3d90c3deae3a49", "text": "Buxus Buxus is a genus of about 70 species in the family Buxaceae . Common names include box ( majority of English-speaking countries ) or boxwood ( North America ) . The boxes are native to western and southern Europe , southwest , southern and eastern Asia , Africa , Madagascar , northernmost South America , Central America , Mexico and the Caribbean , with the majority of species being tropical or subtropical ; only the European and some Asian species are frost-tolerant . Centres of diversity occur in Cuba ( about 30 species ) , China ( 17 species ) and Madagascar ( 9 species ) . They are slow-growing evergreen shrubs and small trees , growing to 2 -- 12 m ( rarely 15 m ) tall . The leaves are opposite , rounded to lanceolate , and leathery ; they are small in most species , typically 1.5 -- 5 cm long and 0.3-2 .5 cm broad , but up to 11 cm long and 5 cm broad in B. macrocarpa . The flowers are small and yellow-green , monoecious with both sexes present on a plant . The fruit is a small capsule 0.5-1 .5 cm long ( to 3 cm in B. macrocarpa ) , containing several small seeds . The genus splits into three genetically distinct sections , each section in a different region , with the Eurasian species in one section , the African ( except northwest Africa ) and Madagascan species in the second , and the American species in the third . The African and American sections are genetically closer to each other than to the Eurasian section .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fc814db31bf8165804c7692473031c", "text": "Robert Fahey Robert Leo Fahey ( born 30 April 1968 , in Hobart , Tasmania ) , nicknamed `` Bag '' , is an Australian real tennis player and the former World Champion of the sport , holding the title from 16 March 1994 to 21 May 2016 . On 27 April 2006 , at the Oratory Tennis Club in Woodcote , South Oxfordshire , he matched the great Pierre Etchebaster 's feat of seven consecutive defenses of the real tennis singles World Championship . The defence was against Tim Chisholm in the latter 's third consecutive challenge . In May 2008 he again successfully defended his title , thus breaking Etchebaster 's record , against Camden Riviere on the historic court at Fontainebleau Palace , France , winning 7 sets to 5 ( 6/1 3/6 5/6 6/4 , 6/2 6/3 5/6 6/0 , 6/1 2/6 1/6 6/5 ) . In May 2010 he retained his title for a record ninth time , defeating Steve Virgona 7 sets to 2 . In April 2012 he retained his title for the 10th consecutive time , again defeating Steve Virgona 7 sets to 3 ( 6/5 3/6 6/1 6/3 6/4 6/3 3/6 5/6 6/2 6/3 ) . He successfully defended his title in May 2014 , at the Royal Melbourne Tennis Club , for the eleventh time , defeating Camden Riviere seven sets to three . In 2000 and 2001 he won back-to-back Grand Slams , and a third in 2008 . In 2003 ( Hobart ) , partnered with Steve Virgona , he won the World Doubles Championship ; the pair successfully defended the title in 2005 ( Fontainebleau ) , 2007 ( Boston ) , 2009 ( Seacourt - Hayling Island ) and 2011 ( RMTC - Melbourne ) . A portrait of Fahey by Rupert Alexander was shortlisted for the BP Portrait Award 2012 . Fahey was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5d75a0cdf9c279288400e1905b48671", "text": "List of WBC world champions This is a list of WBC world champions , showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council ( WBC ) . The WBC is one of the four major governing bodies in professional boxing , and certifies world champions in 10 different weight classes . In 1963 , the year of its foundation , the WBC inaugurated titles in all divisions with the exception of light flyweight , super flyweight , super bantamweight , super middleweight and cruiserweight , which were inaugurated in the subsequent decades . The most recent title inaugurated by the WBC is in the minimumweight ( also called strawweight ) division in 1987 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d72a654f18d3561e9af4457ae8a27b1f	The Lion King is an artistic work.	[ { "docid": "35d6cd1889fd37ed03f8c56033653f36", "text": "Simba Simba is a fictional character who appears in Disney 's The Lion King franchise . Introduced in Walt Disney Animation 's 32nd animated feature film The Lion King ( 1994 ) , the character subsequently appears in its sequels The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ( 1998 ) and The Lion King 1 1/2 ( 2004 ) . Simba was created by screenwriters Irene Mecchi , Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton . While Mark Henn served as Simba 's supervising animator as a cub , Ruben A. Aquino animated the character as he appears as an adult . Although considered an original character , Simba was inspired by the character Bambi from Disney 's Bambi ( 1942 ) , as well as the stories of Moses and Joseph from the Bible . Additionally , several similarities have been drawn between Simba and Prince Hamlet from William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name . In , The Lion King was adapted into Broadway musical , with actors Scott Irby-Ranniar and Jason Raize originating the roles of the cub and adult Simbas , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea2b79112a0a5c8a1f775dd72cbc60c", "text": "Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) . Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree . Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s . Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e982e479c2bac41701b7436f36de0ac0", "text": "Don Hahn Donald Paul Hahn ( born November 25 , 1955 ) is an American film producer who is credited with producing some of the most successful animated films in recent history , including The Lion King and Beauty and the Beast , the first animated film to be nominated for the Oscar for Best Picture . He currently is Executive Producer of the Disneynature films , and owns his own film production company , Stone Circle Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4077b9763654b00025c303b172e51b42", "text": "The Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film , produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film . The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance . The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , produced by Don Hahn , and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi , Jonathan Roberts , and Linda Woolverton . Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice , and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer . The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick , James Earl Jones , Jeremy Irons , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Moira Kelly , Nathan Lane , Ernie Sabella , Rowan Atkinson , Robert Guillaume , Madge Sinclair , Whoopi Goldberg , Cheech Marin , and Jim Cummings . The Lion King tells the story of Simba , a young lion who is to succeed his father , Mufasa , as King of the Pride Lands ; however , after Simba 's uncle Scar murders Mufasa , Simba is manipulated into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile . Upon maturation living with two wastrels , Simba is given some valuable perspective from his childhood friend , Nala , and his shaman , Rafiki , before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny and take his place in the Circle of Life as the rightful King . Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg , Roy E. Disney , and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe . Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment , and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director , being later joined by Allers . Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas , which wound up attracting most of Disney 's top animators . Some time after the staff traveled to Hell 's Gate National Park in Kenya to research on the film 's setting and animals , Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical and was replaced by Minkoff . When Hahn joined the project , he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten . Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida . Computer animation was also used in several scenes , most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence . The Lion King was released on June 15 , 1994 , to a positive reaction from critics , who praised the film for its music , story , and animation ; it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994 and the second highest-grossing film of all time . The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy . The film has led to many derived works , such as a Broadway adaptation ; two direct-to-video follow-ups -- the sequel , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ( 1998 ) , and the prequel/parallel , The Lion King 1 1/2 ( 2004 ) -- ; two television series , Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard ; and a 3D re-release , in 2011 . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A CGI live-action remake of the film is scheduled for a July 19 , 2019 release in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3dfce7ed4c0d18bc4b7b3a7e8b4c0c6", "text": "Disney Renaissance In the history of the Walt Disney Company , the Disney Renaissance refers to the era from 1989 to 1999 during which Walt Disney Feature Animation ( renamed Walt Disney Animation Studios in 2006 ) experienced a creative resurgence in producing successful animated films based on well-known stories , which restored public and critical interest in The Walt Disney Company as a whole . During this era , the studio produced and released ten animated films : The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , The Rescuers Down Under ( 1990 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , The Lion King ( 1994 ) , Pocahontas ( 1995 ) , The Hunchback of Notre Dame ( 1996 ) , Hercules ( 1997 ) , Mulan ( 1998 ) and Tarzan ( 1999 ) . From 2000-06 , Disney Animation went through a slump , downsizing , and conversion to computer animation , due to competition from CGI films made from Pixar ( which The Walt Disney Company partnered with ) and DreamWorks Animation ( co-founded by former Disney Studios chief Jeffrey Katzenberg ) . With Disney 's acquisition of Pixar in 2006 , it was expected that Disney Animation would be shut down . However Edwin Catmull and John Lasseter , who oversaw both Pixar and Disney Animation in their new roles , revived Disney Animation and led it to another period of renaissance ( also known as the `` Disney Revival '' ) with commercially and critically acclaimed features such as The Princess and the Frog , Tangled , Wreck-It Ralph , Frozen , Big Hero 6 , Zootopia , and Moana ; winning three Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37742f46caf23fad647c7d375cd4f316", "text": "Jeremy Irons Jeremy John Irons ( born 19 September 1948 ) is an English actor . After receiving classical training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School , Irons began his acting career on stage in 1969 and has since appeared in many West End theatre productions , including The Winter 's Tale , Macbeth , Much Ado About Nothing , The Taming of the Shrew , Godspell , Richard II , and Embers . In 1984 , he made his Broadway debut in Tom Stoppard 's The Real Thing and received a Tony Award for Best Actor . Irons ' first major film role came in the 1981 romantic drama The French Lieutenant 's Woman , for which he received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor . After starring in dramas such as Moonlighting ( 1982 ) , Betrayal ( 1983 ) , and The Mission ( 1986 ) , he gained critical acclaim for portraying twin gynaecologists in David Cronenberg 's psychological thriller Dead Ringers ( 1988 ) . In 1990 , Irons played accused murderer Claus von Bülow in Reversal of Fortune , and took home multiple awards , including an Academy Award for Best Actor . Other notable films have included Steven Soderbergh 's mystery thriller Kafka ( 1991 ) , the period drama The House of the Spirits ( 1993 ) , the romantic drama M. Butterfly ( 1993 ) , the voice of Scar in Disney 's The Lion King ( 1994 ) , Simon Gruber in the action film Die Hard with a Vengeance ( 1995 ) , the drama Lolita ( 1997 ) , Musketeer Aramis in The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1998 ) , the action adventure Dungeons & Dragons ( 2000 ) , the drama The Merchant of Venice ( 2004 ) , the drama Being Julia ( 2004 ) , the epic historical drama Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , the fantasy-adventure Eragon ( 2006 ) , the Western Appaloosa ( 2008 ) , and the indie drama Margin Call ( 2011 ) . In 2016 , he appeared in Assassin 's Creed and , starting that year , he plays Alfred Pennyworth in the DC Extended Universe , beginning with Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , and later reprising the role in Justice League ( 2017 ) and The Batman ( TBA ) . Irons has also made several notable appearances on TV . He earned his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his break-out role in the ITV series Brideshead Revisited ( 1981 ) . In 2005 , Irons starred opposite Helen Mirren in the historical miniseries Elizabeth I , for which he received a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor . From 2011 to 2013 he starred as Pope Alexander VI in the Showtime historical series The Borgias . He is one of the few actors who won the `` Triple Crown of Acting '' , winning an Academy Award ( for film ) , an Emmy Award ( television ) and a Tony Award ( for theatre ) . In October 2011 , he was nominated Goodwill Ambassador of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b903058e54534588a482a7a9cdc5e5", "text": "Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John , ( born Reginald Kenneth Dwight ; 25 March 1947 ) is an English singer , pianist , and composer . He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967 ; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date . In his five-decade career Elton John has sold more than 300million records , making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world . He has more than fifty Top 40 hits , including seven consecutive No. 1 US albums , 58 Billboard Top 40 singles , 27 Top 10 , four No. 2 and nine No. 1 . For 31 consecutive years ( 1970 -- 2000 ) he had at least one song in the Billboard Hot 100 . His tribute single , re-penned in dedication to the late Princess Diana , `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' sold over 33million copies worldwide and is the best-selling single in the history of the UK and US singles charts . He has also composed music , produced records , and has occasionally acted in films . John owned Watford Football Club from 1976 to 1987 , and 1997 to 2002 . He is an honorary Life President of the club , and in 2014 had a stand named after him at the club 's home stadium . Raised in the Pinner area of London , John learned to play piano at an early age , and by 1962 had formed Bluesology . John met his songwriting partner , Bernie Taupin , in 1967 , after they had both answered an advert for songwriters . For two years they wrote songs for other artists , including Lulu , and John also worked as a session musician for artists such as the Hollies and the Scaffold . In 1969 his debut album , Empty Sky , was released . In 1970 a single , `` Your Song '' , from his second album , Elton John , reached the top ten in the UK and the US , his first hit single . After decades of commercial chart success , John has also achieved success in musical theatre , both in the West End and on Broadway , composing the music for The Lion King ( film and musical ) , Aida and Billy Elliot the Musical . He has received five Grammy Awards , five Brit Awards -- winning two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the first Brits Icon in 2013 for his `` lasting impact on British culture '' , an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Tony Award , a Disney Legends award , and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004 . In 2004 , Rolling Stone ranked him Number 49 on its list of 100 influential musicians of the rock and roll era . In 2013 , Billboard ranked him the most successful male solo artist on the Billboard Hot 100 Top All-Time Artists ( third overall behind the Beatles and Madonna ) . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 , is an inductee into the Songwriters Hall of Fame , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . Having been named a Order of the British Empire in 1996 , John was made a Knight Bachelor by Elizabeth II for `` services to music and charitable services '' in 1998 . John has performed at a number of royal events , such as the funeral of Princess Diana at Westminster Abbey in 1997 , the Party at the Palace in 2002 and the Queen 's Diamond Jubilee Concert outside Buckingham Palace in 2012 . He has been heavily involved in the fight against AIDS since the late 1980s . In 1992 , he established the Elton John AIDS Foundation and a year later began hosting the annual Academy Award Party , which has since become one of the highest-profile Oscar parties in the Hollywood film industry . Since its inception , the foundation has raised over . John , who announced he was bisexual in 1976 and has been openly gay since 1988 , entered into a civil partnership with David Furnish on 21 December 2005 , and after same-sex marriage became legal in England and Wales in 2014 , wed Furnish on 21 December 2014 . He continues to be a champion for LGBT social movements worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84d40a954f4b09727d87af29ce81de72", "text": "National Film Registry The National Film Registry ( NFR ) is the United States National Film Preservation Board 's ( NFPB ) selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress . The NFPB , established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988 , was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992 , 1996 , 2005 , and again in October 2008 . The NFPB 's mission , to which the NFR contributes , is to ensure the survival , conservation , and increased public availability of America 's film heritage . The 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which , although affiliated with the NFPB , raises money from the private sector .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0a028122c9a8a8940fb84718c5a81487", "text": "The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure The Lion King : Simba ′ s Mighty Adventure is a video game based on Walt Disney Pictures ′ animated film The Lion King . The title was published by Activision in 2000 , and was released on Game Boy Color and PlayStation . Unlike the previous The Lion King video game , it adhered more closely to the events in the film and the storyline carried on into The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , with Simba having to battle his evil uncle Scar , rescue his daughter Kiara ( the protagonist from The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ) , and finally battle Zira . This game was the only console-based platform game to involve The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride . All other games based on the title were educational or puzzle games and were released on the PC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a2c75c67b07b2669a1c1c8acd7401a2", "text": "Prime version In the art world the prime version of a work of art which exists in a number of versions is the version which is known or believed to have been the first to be produced . Many artworks produced in media such as painting or carved sculpture which create unique objects are in fact repeated by their artists , often several times . It is regarded as a matter of some importance both by art historians and the art market to establish which version has `` priority '' , that is to say was the original work . The presumption usually is that the prime version is the finest , and perhaps the most carefully done , though some later versions can be argued to improve on the originals . In many periods the later `` repetitions '' were often produced by the workshop of the master , with varying degrees of supervision and direct attention from him . This was especially the case with official portraits of monarchs and politicians , which in the Early Modern period were often ordered in large numbers of versions from the court artist as diplomatic gifts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6ce6854edf6525da4e002485c348a7f", "text": "Minhwa Minhwa art refers to the Korean folk art that consists of paintings of mythical figures and other objects in a specific plain , straightforward and naive style . Literally `` painting of the people '' or `` popular painting '' . This type of painting was often the work of anonymous craftsmen who faithfully adhered to the styles , canons and genres inherited from the past . Minhwa also involved a magical dimension . They were believed to possess beneficial virtues and to protect the owner and his family from evil forces . They feature popular themes such as cranes , rocks , water , clouds , the sun , moon , pine-trees , tortoises , insects and flowers . Minhwa art developed into its present form in the seventeenth century . The artists were common people who went from place to place , often following festivals , where they would paint for the locals , fulfilling their commissions on the spot . Important stages in life were also marked by the painting of a minhwa picture . Both common people and nobles would commission these artists . The paintings worked on a number of levels . They show figures from folk mythology and legends , symbols of happiness , wealth and health , and scenes of everyday life . The most common figures were animals that represented power , such as the tiger , or providential circumstances , such as carp , which represent success . The paintings were done on paper and on canvas . After a decline during the colonial rule , the art form experienced a short boom until laid low by the Korean War . In the 1980s , though , there was a revival of Minhwa , the interest and popularity of which persists to this day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8394dbdb939a626339fc497ded02578e", "text": "Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom may refer to : Animal or the Kingdom Animalia , a classification of living organisms Animal Kingdom ( horse ) , winner of the 2011 Kentucky Derby Disney 's Animal Kingdom , a theme park at Walt Disney World , Florida , U.S. Animal Kingdom Resort Area , a group of resorts near the theme park In performing arts : The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 play by Philip Barry The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 American comedy-drama film based on the play Animal Kingdom ( film ) , a 2010 Australian crime film Animal Kingdom ( TV series ) , an American television series on TNT inspired by the Australian film Animal Kingdom ( band ) , a UK indie rock band Animal Kingdom , a 2008 album by Baseball Animal Kingdom , a 2010 album by Raptile Animal Kingdom : Let 's Go Ape , a 2013 Belgian-French-Italian CGI-animated film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf53dbe32833515535890d0abab40104", "text": "Lion dance Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture and other Asian countries in which performers mimic a lion 's movements in a lion costume . The lion dance is usually performed during the Chinese New Year and other Chinese traditional , cultural and religious festivals . It may also be performed at important occasions such as business opening events , special celebrations or wedding ceremonies , or may be used to honour special guests by the Chinese communities . The Chinese lion dance is sometimes mistakenly referred to as dragon dance . An easy way to tell the difference is that a lion is normally operated by just two dancers , while a dragon is longer and needs many people . Also , in a lion dance , the performers ' faces are only seen occasionally , since they are inside the lion . In a dragon dance , the performers ' faces can be easily seen since the dragon is held on poles . Chinese lion dance fundamental movements can be found in most Chinese martial arts . There are two main forms of the Chinese lion dance , the Northern Lion and the Southern Lion . Both forms are commonly found in China , but around the world especially in South East Asia , the Southern Lion predominates as it was spread by the Chinese diaspora communities who are historically mostly of Southern Chinese origin . Versions of the lion dance are also found in Japan , Korea , Tibet and Vietnam . Another form of lion dance exists in Indonesian culture , but it may be of a different tradition and may be referred to as Singa Barong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226d109cbb076be2d82b7fec858f26dd", "text": "Circle of Life `` Circle of Life '' is a song from Disney 's 1994 animated film The Lion King . Composed by Elton John , with lyrics by Tim Rice , the song was performed by Carmen Twillie ( the deep female lead vocals ) and Lebo M. ( opening Zulu vocals ) as the film 's opening song . In an interview , Rice said he was amazed at the speed with which John composed : `` I gave him the lyrics at the beginning of the session at about two in the afternoon . By half-past three , he 'd finished writing and recording a stunning demo . '' Elton John sang a pop version of the song with the London Community Gospel Choir , which was included in the film 's soundtrack and made into a music video . `` Circle of Life '' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1994 , along with two other songs from The Lion King : `` Hakuna Matata '' and `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' which won the award . The song reached # 11 in the UK and # 18 in the United States and is featured frequently in attractions based on The Lion King , such as Disney theme parks and parades . Michael Crawford sang it as part of a medley for The Disney Album in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29ab09fe0db3c828c106976a10855697", "text": "The arts The arts is a general term for the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures . Major constituents of the arts include literature -- including poetry , novels and short stories , and epic poetry ; performing arts -- among them music , dance , and theatre ; culinary arts such as baking , chocolatiering , and winemaking ; media arts like photography and cinematography , and visual arts -- including drawing , painting , ceramics , and sculpting . Some art forms combine a visual element with performance ( e.g. film ) or artwork with the written word ( e.g. comics ) . From prehistoric cave paintings to modern day films , art serves as a vessel for storytelling and conveying humankind 's relationship with its environment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b190bce3bb86f308a7f7343a099710", "text": "Industrial musical An industrial musical is a musical performed internally for the employees or shareholders of a business , to create a feeling of being part of a team , to entertain , and/or to educate and motivate the management and salespeople to improve sales and profit . It can be used to increase staff awareness of public relations , advertising , marketing or corporate image . Other terms for industrial musicals include the corporate musical or industrial show , but the latter can also refer to trade shows , which are publicity events organized by businesses in a specific industry to promote their products to potential buyers . Industrial musicals are not restricted to corporations or to businesses involved in industry . They should not be confused with industrial music , or with musicals produced by businesses to be seen by the general public , for example , Disney 's stage production of The Lion King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd1d0e3a493db3c51f445a59d0d2cb87", "text": "William Blake in popular culture William Blake 's body of work has influenced countless writers , poets and painters , and his legacy is often apparent in modern popular culture . His artistic endeavours , which included songwriting in addition to writing , etching and painting , often espoused a sexual and imaginative freedom that has made him a uniquely influential figure , especially since the 1960s . After Shakespeare , far more than any other canonical writer , his songs have been set and adapted by popular musicians including U2 , Jah Wobble , Tangerine Dream , Bruce Dickinson and Ulver . Folk musicians , such as M. Ward , have adapted or incorporated portions of his work in their music , and figures such as Bob Dylan , Alasdair Gray and Allen Ginsberg have been influenced by him . The genre of the graphic novel traces its origins to Blake 's etched songs and Prophetic Books , as does the genre of fantasy art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76697f403fff89bf0938a4a88a6d2ee5", "text": "Endless Night (song) Endless Night is a song from the 1997 musical The Lion King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1458b37fabc3e9781feefe13a0be8879", "text": "List of people known as the Lion The Lion is an epithet used to describe : Ali Pasha ( 1740-1822 ) , Ottoman pasha of Yanina Henry the Lion ( 1129-1195 ) , Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria Louis VIII of France ( 1187-1226 ) , King of France Robert III , Count of Flanders ( 1249-1322 ) , the `` Lion of Flanders '' Umur Beg ( 1309 ? -1348 ) , Emir of Aydin William the Lion ( c. 1143-1214 ) , King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214 Willie `` The Lion '' Smith ( 1893-1973 ) , American jazz pianist `` The Lion '' , a Miami-based American smuggler for the Medellin Cartel , featured in Narcos season 2 , episode 5", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8733cd1a00ab0a8087dfd28e14c930eb", "text": "Lion of Mari The Lion of Mari is a copper statue of a lion found in 1936 by André Parrot at the Temple of Lions in Mari , Syria . The statue is damaged , having been crushed during the destruction of the site , and only the anterior part of the body remains . It is currently on display in the Near Eastern Antiquities Department of the Louvre . The Lion of Mari was probably produced to serve as Protome in the early Second Millennium BCE , presumably during the reign of Zimrī-Lim . It was excavated in 1936 by the Parrot expedition at the Temple of Dagon of in Mari ( now Tell Hariri , Syria ) and is now on display at the Louvre ; its twin figure is on display at the National Museum of Aleppo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d24e8dc9df0f3c69d921b0295c72def", "text": "List of Kimba the White Lion episodes These are the episodes of the anime television series Kimba the White Lion ( Jungle Emperor ) . The series originally ran from October 6 , 1965 , to September 28 , 1966 , in Japan and from September 11 , 1966 , to September 3 , 1967 , in the U.S. There were two English dubs produced for this anime series . The first ( and more widely viewed ) English dub was produced by Titan Productions for NBC Enterprises to license and run in syndication in the United States , with a handful of talented voice actors . Despite that they dubbed all 52 episodes of the series , 49 of them have been aired in a mixed up order , in the United States , due to the NBC catalog order of how they aired them in sequence . On September 30 , 1978 , the license for NBC to hold the rights to the English dub has dropped due to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions being bankrupt earlier in 1973 . Afterwards , the Titan Productions English dub was no longer available to view at that time . In 1993 , Fumio Suzuki made plans to bring the series to television once more to the English-speaking market . After the legal battles of who was going to gain ownership , a Canadian company from Toronto known as Zaza Sound Productions Ltd. won the rights to produce a second English dub of the anime series with a handful of Canadian voice actors , as well as airing this dub in several English-speaking regions ( Australia , United Kingdom , etc. ) , with CEG Distribution distributing the series . Landmark Entertainment Group Inc. , Susuki Associates and CEG Cinema Partners have also contributed to this dub . Fans have often labeled this as the `` Canadian dub '' . It was said to be a remake of the 1966 U.S. English dub , with a more faithful translation of the original Japanese scripts , but had to create a whole new soundtrack composed by Paul J. Zaza , since they were unable to use the original soundtrack composed by Isao Tomita which was also used in the 1966 U.S. English dub . This version was also more edited including heavy cuts and changes . In 1995 , A low-budget American company known as UAV Corporation released a limited number of episodes of the 1993 Canadian English re-dub on VHS in North America , under the title Kimba the Lion Prince .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6417cb57932eb77d595a8dbb79eb86d", "text": "Lion mask Lion mask is a motif used from antiquity as an emblem of strength , courage , and majesty . The lion mask holding a ring in its mouth for a handle derives from furniture from ancient Rome and it continues to be popular as doorknocker . Both Venetian and Façon de Venise goblets feature decorative prunts moulded in the lion mask shapes alluding to the symbol of Venice , the Lion of Saint Mark . From the early to mid-18th century , the lion mask enjoyed popularity as a favoured motif for furniture ornament , used as an arm rest support or to decorate a cabriole leg . Occasionally , a lion 's paw or pelt appears alongside the mask . Category : Masks in Europe Category : Lions in art", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e", "text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16f8148256963c76ac4e4f464b57d5dc", "text": "Rasa Renaissance Rasa Renaissance is a movement in the art of painting that makes evocation of rasas the prime aim in the creation and appreciation of a work of art . Rasa is the quality of emotional fulfilment that a work of art produces through the personalities , their expression and the situation presented in a painting . Rasa is a Sanskrit word that denotes the quality of emotional fulfilment that a work of art brings about . Rasa Theory is a theory of aesthetic criticism that has been prevalent in appreciation of literary works in Sanskrit language for millenniums ( see Indian aesthetic ) . The idea of Rasa Renaissance has evolved in the last quarter of the twentieth century in the domain of painting as a countermovement to abstract and conceptual art . Rasa Renaissance is led by artist , philosopher and Sanskrit scholar Dr. Mumbiram of India ( Ph.D Berkeley California ) . In the twentieth century the art of painting progressively became dissociated from depiction of personalities in real world situations . It concerned itself with exploration of forms and colours for their own sake . It became more or less an exercise in clever intellectual sophistication . Art of Rasa Renaissance presupposes personalities in various situations and in various emotional states as central to a work of art .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c8e41f7dc4ca819ca03c7009baba444a	Katie Price is currently married to Kieran Hayler.	[ { "docid": "88155f43e2016e72a53f98c97f290a3a", "text": "Katie Price Katie Price ( born Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis Infield , 22 May 1978 ) , previously known by the pseudonym Jordan , is an English television personality and glamour model . Her time as topless female glamour model in a pictorial Page 3 in British tabloid newspaper The Sun shot Price into the limelight . Her placement in the public spotlight allowed Price to expand into a variety of different industries including television , books , fashion and music . Price has had many highly publicised relationships and has been married three times , to singer Peter Andre ( 2005 -- 2009 ) , to professional fighter Alex Reid ( 2010 -- 2011 ) and to builder and part-time stripper Kieran Hayler ( 2013 -- ) . In April 2012 , Price 's net worth was estimated at # 45 million .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "426b54301695b7d6595bc43c5f411df9", "text": "Antony Price Antony Price is a London fashion designer best known for evening wear and suits , and for being as much an `` image-maker '' as a designer . He has collaborated with a number of high-profile musicians , including David Bowie , Steve Strange , and Duran Duran , but especially Bryan Ferry and Roxy Music , whose look was defined by Price 's designs . The manner in which Price dressed -- or in many cases , undressed -- the `` Roxy girls '' on the covers of their albums helped to define the band 's pop retro-futurism . More recently , Price has been noted for dressing celebrities such as Tara Palmer-Tomkinson , Patsy Kensit , Anjelica Huston , Jerry Hall , Camilla Parker Bowles . Diana Ross , Melanie Griffith , Yasmin Le Bon and burlesque performer Dita Von Teese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f428186a6b39abd815829fea639f44e", "text": "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 3) The third series of I 'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here ! began on 26 January 2004 and ended on 9 February 2004 . The programme ran for 15 days ( 16 days if counting the morning the finalists exited ) and was sponsored by First Choice Holidays . The series was won by Kerry McFadden ( now known by her maiden name Kerry Katona ) . This series saw contestants Peter Andre and Jordan ( now known by her real name Katie Price ) start a high-profile relationship which would feature in tabloids and magazines for the five years they were together . Jordan returned to the jungle for a second time in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f22798907a61aba6f452244b5b131e9", "text": "Stephen Price (Australian politician) Stephen James Price ( born 5 October 1969 ) is an Australian politician . He has been a Labor member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly since the 2017 state election , representing Forrestfield . Price worked as a gold miner and as a union official with the Australian Workers ' Union before entering politics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "853b1e563d89b539af1fd34f0e466104", "text": "Katharine Cullen Katharine Cullen ( born 9 June 1975 ) is an Australian actress , daughter of actors Max Cullen and Colleen Anne Fitzpatrick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f495582c211acaa9da670a6398f4215", "text": "Hay House Hay House is a New Thought and self-help publisher founded in 1984 by author Louise Hay , when she self-published her books Heal Your Body and You Can Heal Your Life . Hay House Inc. includes the imprints New Beginnings Press , Princess Books , Smiley Books , and Balboa Press . In 2005 radio director Summer McStravick developed and launched the Internet radio station , Hay House Radio Network . Hay House has its headquarters in Carlsbad , California , U.S. , and international divisions in the United Kingdom , Australia , India , and South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1cc58d3832719024f21c23ed2d5e9e1", "text": "Patricia Potter Patricia Caroline Potter ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an English actress . Best known for her role as Diane Lloyd in the popular BBC medical drama Holby City , Potter has acted on stage , television , and in film . She married her partner , doctor Jim Down , in May 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca76765d91a1fe5dfefdd10e3056573", "text": "The Price of Milk The Price of Milk is a 2000/2001 Australian/New Zealand/American romantic fantasy film . It was directed by New Zealand actor and director Harry Sinclair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b88cc350427c51dd760dfc4378844885", "text": "Ella Hooper Ella Keighery Hooper ( born 30 January 1983 ) is an Australian rock music singer-songwriter , radio presenter and TV personality . Hooper was the lead singer of Killing Heidi . The band formed in 1996 ( when Ella was 13 ) and also featured her older brother Jesse Hooper . Their biggest hits were `` Mascara '' ( no. 1 , 30 January 2000 , Australian charts ) , `` Live Without It '' ( no. 5 , 23 April 2000 ) and `` Weir '' ( no. 6 , 19 December 1999 ) . Killing Heidi broke up in 2006 . Ella and Jesse have performed small scale venues as an acoustic band , The Verses . Ella is now a radio presenter on 2DayFM and was one of the two captains in the short-lived revival of the ABC television show Spicks and Specks that commenced in February 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfba8b61db7b98aaae514dd8aa6403b8", "text": "Tori & Dean: sTORIbook Weddings Tori & Dean : sTORIbook Weddings is an American reality television series on Oxygen . The series premiered on April 6 , 2011 . The show follows celebrities turned wedding planners Tori Spelling and Dean McDermott as they turn one lucky couple 's wedding from ordinary to an extraordinary Hollywood affair each week . The series is a spin-off of Tori & Dean : Home Sweet Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b4a0637a29e92de54a3d8f8349a7a5b", "text": "Confessions of a Nice Girl Confessions of a Nice Girl is the third studio album by American country music artist Katie Armiger . It was released by Cold River Records in 2010 . Three singles were released from this album in 2010 : `` Kiss Me Now '' , `` Leaving Home '' and `` Best Song Ever '' , the latter of which is her best charted single to date . It peaked at number 42 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 2011 . The album was re-released in late 2011 with new bonus tracks , including `` I Do But Do I , '' which served as the album 's fourth single . `` Scream '' was released in October 2011 as the fifth single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ab6a1d9f4b0baac1a0d08513bc4f2f7", "text": "Siobhan Reddy Siobhan Reddy is a co-founder and studio director of Media Molecule , a video game development studio based in Guildford in the United Kingdom , most famous for their debut title LittleBigPlanet . She was born in South Africa , but grew up in Australia . She moved to the United Kingdom at the age of 18 to start work as a production assistant at Perfect Entertainment . In 1999 she started to work at Criterion Games , and then left in 2006 to join the newly formed Media Molecule along with Mark Healey , Alex Evans , David Smith and Kareem Ettouney . At Media Molecule Reddy took up the role of Executive Producer , but in September 2009 she was named Studio Director . She is persistent in her desires to see more women working in games , and for games to address the needs of their female audiences more . In 2009 she won the Production Award at the first ever Microsoft Women in Gaming Awards , and at the same awards in 2014 she won the Innovator Award . In 2013 she was named one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK by BBC 's Woman 's Hour , and Australian Woman of the Year by Qantas in 2014 she was named in Fortune 's 10 Powerful Women in Gaming and shortlisted in The Hospital Club 's hclub100 awards , celebrating the 100 most influential and innovative people working across Britain 's creative industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6d47f0eac3c4e4926a911f6b969cfd8", "text": "Hayley Kiyoko discography The discography of Hayley Kiyoko , an American singer-songwriter , consists of three extended plays , four singles and other album appearances . Kiyoko 's debut EP , A Belle to Remember , was released in March 2013 . Her next EP , This Side of Paradise , was released in February 2015 and spawned three singles : `` This Side of Paradise '' , `` Girls Like Girls '' , and `` Cliff 's Edge '' . In 2016 , she released the single `` Gravel to Tempo '' and her next EP , Citrine . In 2017 , a new single , titled `` Sleepover '' , was released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c98ff16d04eaba90f3fa3fd678be2080", "text": "Kellie Pickler (album) Kellie Pickler is the self-titled second studio album by American country artist Kellie Pickler . The lead-off single , `` Do n't You Know You 're Beautiful '' , was debuted at the 43rd Academy Of Country Music awards and peaked at 21 on Hot Country Songs . The album was released via BNA Records/19 Recordings on September 30 , 2008 . Since the albums ' release , three more singles have charted ; `` Best Days of Your Life '' at number 9 ( which was co-wrote with fellow country artist Taylor Swift ) , `` Did n't You Know How Much I Loved You '' at number 14 ( a re-recording of an album cut from Pickler 's debut album Small Town Girl ) and `` Makin ' Me Fall in Love Again '' at number 30 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "815a796617a9a84582e580c455bc6778", "text": "Matthew King (Emmerdale) Matthew Thomas King is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera , Emmerdale , played by Matt Healy . He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 4 March 2004 . Matthew arrived as part of the King family , a family of successful businessmen . During his time on the show , Matthew had relationships with several women and was engaged to Anna De Souza when he died . Matthew 's last appearance was on 16 December 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d863baab5ff16b08e7867bcedc546a7", "text": "Matt Healy Matt Healy ( born David James Healy 16 November 1970 ) is a Scottish actor , who grew up in Oldham , Lancashire . He is best known for his role as Matthew King in the television soap series Emmerdale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb0c39624d49a298f70eac11c67523fa", "text": "Kirsty Sutherland Kirsty Sutherland is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away , played by Christie Hayes between 2000 and 2005 and again from 2008 to 2009 . Kirsty first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2000 and has been involved in one of the serial 's most controversial storylines in which she knowingly started a relationship with a man who sexually assaulted her sister . Other notable plots include a baby swap plot , two miscarriages and a string of relationships including one with her supposed half-brother . Actress Hayes began playing the role at age thirteen and has quit the serial on two occasions , she made her original departure on 23 February 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cb92b1548429ad9ad4d56bad8c7e89e", "text": "Gordon Williams (lawyer) Gordon Williams is an English lawyer . A partner in the top legal firm Lee & Thompson , Williams has specialised in entertainment law since 1989 , and became employed in the company in 1997 . He has since become noted for his defamation and privacy cases with his clients in the music industry , famously Geri Halliwell , Tom Jones and Van Morrison . He has been hired by Peter Andre in a court battle against his ex-wife Katie Price ( Jordan ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21c3c6a45ab996351a142442d1d2c78c", "text": "Sally Hunter (swimmer) Sally Hunter ( born 13 April 1985 ) , née Sally Foster , is an Australian breaststroke swimmer . She won the silver medal in the 200-metre breaststroke event at the 2008 FINA Short Course World Championships . Hunter is an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder . She competed in the 200-metre breaststroke at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , reaching the final in 2012 . She won the silver medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 2014 Commonwealth Games , and was a member of Australia 's gold-medal-winning 4 × 100-medley medley relay team . Sally is married to former professional volleyball player Andrew Hunter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "870eb8b8e6df86ed3b012d30f2780d28", "text": "Tim & Chris Stamper", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e761d8a8d4e40b591e4a7c39b9d7293", "text": "Colin Howell Colin Howell ( born 14 March 1959 ) is a Northern Irish convicted double murderer . The murders and surrounding story were the subject of an ITV drama series The Secret broadcast in April and May 2016 . Howell killed his wife Lesley ( née Clarke ) and the husband of his lover , Trevor Buchanan ( who was an RUC officer ) , in what appeared to be a suicide pact between the spouses of two lovers . The bodies were found in a fume-filled car in Castlerock on 19 May 1991 . In 1998 Howell confessed the murders to his second wife , but she agreed not to inform the authorities . She was investigated following his arrest , but was not charged . Howell 's ex-brother-in-law has since accused him of murdering Harry Clarke . Howell 's father-in-law died only 11 days before Lesley . After murdering his wife , Howell received a payout of # 400,000 . He later lost # 350,000 in a get-rich-quick scheme which had claimed to find Yamashita 's gold in the Philippines . Howell had been led to believe he would make # 20 million ; however he only acquired a few brass ammunition boxes , containing silver coins , worth about # 30 . Howell initially invested # 100,000 but over six months , steadily invested more , after being told that the gold was buried under booby-trapped tunnels . He sold his shares in two dental practises and attempted to persuade friends to invest . He believed that this , and the death of his son , were punishments from God . Howell , a native of Portadown and a dentist by occupation , was a deeply religious father of ten and a former lay preacher . He married Lesley in July 1983 . They were members of the local Baptist church . After his wife 's death Howell married Kyle Jorgensen , a native of New York , with whom he had five children . Howell confessed his role in the murders to elders in his church who urged him to inform police . He pleaded guilty to the murders on 18 November 2010 and was sentenced to life imprisonment . He was told he must serve a minimum 21-year jail term . His former lover Hazel ( née Elkin , formerly married to Trevor Buchanan , currently married to David Stewart ) claimed in court that she acted under duress , but was found guilty of the murders of Lesley Howell and Trevor Buchanan in March 2011 and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 18 years . The trial judge stated that Stewart could have prevented Buchanan 's death . The police investigators were later accused of confirmation bias , as they ignored a lot of key facts , most notably that the driver 's window was open , Buchanan 's leg was hanging out of the open car door , and that there was a testimony that Howell had previously tried to murder his wife . On 17 May 2011 Howell pleaded guilty to sexually assaulting nine female patients in his surgery over a period of several years . He was consequently stripped of his NHS pension .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dfee0fbb9def4e60a85ec56e68853ce6	Sally Field was never nominated for Golden Globe awards.	[ { "docid": "391e14d7328889dcfe84a0819518bba0", "text": "Sally Field Sally Margaret Field ( born November 6 , 1946 ) is an American actress and director . Field began her career on television , starring on the sitcoms Gidget ( 1965 -- 66 ) , The Flying Nun ( 1967 -- 70 ) , and The Girl with Something Extra ( 1973 -- 74 ) . She ventured into movies with Smokey and the Bandit ( 1977 ) and later Norma Rae ( 1979 ) , for which she received the Academy Award for Best Actress . She later received Golden Globe Award nominations for her performances in Absence of Malice ( 1981 ) and Kiss Me Goodbye ( 1982 ) , before receiving her second Academy Award for Best Actress for Places in the Heart ( 1984 ) . Field received further nominations for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for Murphy 's Romance ( 1985 ) and Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ) . In the 1990s , Field appeared in a wide range of films , including Not Without My Daughter ( 1991 ) and Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , before being nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) . In the 2000s , she returned to television with a recurring role on the NBC medical drama ER , for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2001 . From 2006 to 2011 , she portrayed the lead role of Nora Walker on the ABC television drama Brothers & Sisters , for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2007 . Field later starred as Mary Todd Lincoln in Lincoln ( 2012 ) , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other accolades . She also appeared as Aunt May in The Amazing Spider-Man ( 2012 ) and reprised the role in the 2014 sequel . As a director , Field is known for the television film The Christmas Tree ( 1996 ) , an episode of the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon as well as the feature film Beautiful ( 2000 ) . In 2014 , she was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628f7327df7a2f7524793ca5c221d751", "text": "Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 . Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) . A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6f11e212ed35ec7f1fa541c1706cb87", "text": "24th Primetime Emmy Awards The 24th Emmy Awards , later known as the 24th Primetime Emmy Awards , were handed out on May 6 , 1972 . The ceremony was hosted by Johnny Carson . Winners are listed in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . The top shows of the night were All in the Family and Elizabeth R. All in the Family set numerous records during the night , it became the first show to win six major awards , ( although one came in a tie , this record would be broken by other shows that won six major awards outright ) . It also became the first non-anthology drama to receive at least ten major nominations . A milestone was set when All in the Family and Columbo each received every nomination in a major category , both for writing . This feat has become extremely rare as the field of nominees expanded to five and later six . Glenda Jackson also made history by receiving three acting nominations for the same performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Elizabeth R , rules changes have made this impossible in later ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fd364136cc43319c427dd5db6893544", "text": "64th Golden Globe Awards 64thGolden Globe Awards January 15 , 2007 Picture -- Drama : Babel Picture -- Musical or Comedy : Dreamgirls TV Series -- Drama : Grey 's Anatomy TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Ugly Betty The 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards were aired on January 15 , 2007 . Some key dates announced by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association are : The ceremony was broadcast live on NBC . Indicating the impact that animated films have had on the film industry , the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced in early 2006 that a Golden Globe would be awarded for the Best Animated Feature for the first time at this award ceremony . Dreamgirls won the most awards , with 3 ( including Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy ) . Babel , received the most nominations , with 7 ( only winning 1 , for Best Motion Picture -- Drama ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a53400254ea47fdd0a78abe78c98124", "text": "Sally Geeson Sally Louise Geeson ( born 23 June 1950 in Cuckfield , West Sussex , England ) is an English actress with a career mostly on television in the 1970s . Her best known role was as Sid James 's daughter , Sally , in Bless This House . Her character was only 16 at the start despite the fact Geeson herself was in her early 20s . Geeson studied at Corona Stage Academy from 1957 to 1966 , during which time she played small parts in several movies , including The Millionairess ( 1960 ) , Expresso Bongo ( 1959 ) , and Carry On Regardless ( 1961 ) . She also appeared in Carry On Abroad ( 1972 ) and Carry On Girls ( 1973 ) . She also starred alongside Norman Wisdom in the film What 's Good for the Goose ( 1969 ) , and appeared with Vincent Price in two horror films , The Oblong Box ( 1969 ) and Cry of the Banshee ( 1970 ) . In August 2013 Geeson featured in a TV commercial for Anglian Windows . Geeson was the second wife of television personality William G. Stewart . She later took up a career in teaching . She has three children called Barney , Hayley and Christopher . Her sister , the actress Judy Geeson , lives in Hollywood . In December 2014 until January 2015 , Geeson played the Good Fairy at Theatre Royal Windsor in their panto Beauty And The Beast . The show broke all box office records for the theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de618f64d3c06a7157a7ddc9cf31e1b0", "text": "9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre . The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) . Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e83fa88cab067a683d5a8f5c3b7e0a6", "text": "25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1967 , were held on 12 February 1968 . 25th Golden Globe Awards February 12 , 1968 Film - Drama : In The Heat of the Night Film - Musical or Comedy : The Graduate TV Show : Mission : Impossible", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9370d444c75e593362722c005f07d34e", "text": "A Cooler Climate A Cooler Climate is a Showtime Original movie . It originally aired on August 22 , 1999 . It is based on a book with the same name by Zena Collier . Sally Field and Judy Davis were both nominated for their performance in the film during the 6th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards for outstanding performance by a female actor in a television movie or miniseries . They both also received an Emmy nomination for their performances in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ab1b4efaa41fbf1a1d3c66fbbc98f5f", "text": "Sally in Our Alley (1931 film) Sally in Our Alley is a 1931 British romantic comedy drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Gracie Fields , Ian Hunter , and Florence Desmond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b4c2d376b5e59a68b51c3d0cf146cc", "text": "Sally Struthers Sally Anne Struthers ( born July 28 , 1947 ) is an American actress , spokeswoman and activist best known in the United States for her roles as Gloria Stivic , the daughter of Archie and Edith Bunker ( played by Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton ) on All in the Family , for which she won two Emmy awards , and as Babette on Gilmore Girls . She was the voice of Charlene Sinclair on the ABC sitcom Dinosaurs and Rebecca Cunningham on the Disney animated series TaleSpin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dd409706f5439e85357420ac9f9eaa1", "text": "Nora Walker Nora Maureen Walker is a fictional character on the ABC television series Brothers & Sisters . She is portrayed by veteran actress Sally Field . Nora is the main character of the series . Field was one of the two characters to appear in all the episodes of the series . She was listed in the Top 10 TV Moms by Film.com . Field won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress - Drama Series for her portrayal , as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , nominated for two other Emmys , and nominated for three Golden Globes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2dad83246a714cdbb504dad9c595a8", "text": "Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others . Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez . Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f5882727eaac4cde065afa6c7c8588d2	In Training Day, Denzel Washington portrayed a corrupt cop.	[ { "docid": "d671a2bb94c024802f7f87168e520c87", "text": "Denzel Washington Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. ( born December 28 , 1954 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He has received three Golden Globe awards , a Tony Award , and two Academy Awards : Best Supporting Actor for the historical war drama film Glory ( 1989 ) and Best Actor for his role as a corrupt cop in the crime thriller Training Day ( 2001 ) . Washington has received much critical acclaim for his film work since the 1980s , including his portrayals of real-life figures such as South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko in Cry Freedom ( 1987 ) , Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X in Malcolm X ( 1992 ) , boxer Rubin `` Hurricane '' Carter in The Hurricane ( 1999 ) , football coach Herman Boone in Remember the Titans ( 2000 ) , poet and educator Melvin B. Tolson in The Great Debaters ( 2007 ) , and drug kingpin Frank Lucas in American Gangster ( 2007 ) . He has been a featured actor in the films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and has been a frequent collaborator of directors Spike Lee , Antoine Fuqua and Tony Scott . In 2016 , Washington was selected as the recipient for the Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards . In 2002 , Washington made his directorial debut with biographical film Antwone Fisher . His second directorial effort was The Great Debaters , released in 2007 . Washington 's third directorial effort , Fences , starring himself and Viola Davis , was released on December 16 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b24dff3cecf26720d3d49cebeb437a31", "text": "Benton Fraser Benton Fraser ( born 1962 ) is a fictional character in the television series Due South . He is a constable of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police who works in the American city of Chicago , Illinois as Deputy Liaison Officer in the Canadian consulate . He lives in a dangerous neighbourhood at the fictional address of apartment 3J at 221 East Racine , and later at the consulate itself , after his apartment building was burnt down . The character is portrayed by Canadian actor Paul Gross . Fraser 's seemingly strange habits , such as tasting evidence and holding the door for anyone and everyone , add hilarity and whimsy to the show . As Fraser often explains ; `` I first came to Chicago on the trail of the killers of my father , and for reasons that do n't need exploring at this juncture I have remained , attached as liaison with the Canadian Consulate . '' Fraser is a strait-laced Canadian , and his faith in the honour and goodness of others tends to lead to interesting and humorous moments . Described as an `` outdoors Sherlock Holmes '' , his behaviour often leads to the frustration of his de facto partner , Chicago detective Raymond Vecchio , played by David Marciano . His other `` best friend , '' a deaf half-wolf , Diefenbaker , named after the Canadian Prime Minister , John Diefenbaker , reads lips in both English and Inuktitut , and often assists in the capture of criminals . In the third and fourth seasons of the show , Fraser teamed up with Detective Stanley Raymond Kowalski , after Ray Vecchio went undercover in the Las Vegas Mafia . He is usually called `` Fraser '' by his friends and colleagues - some old friends will call him Benton or Ben at times . Ray calls him Benny or Fraser , ( often mispronouncing it `` Fray-sure '' as in the NBC sitcom Frasier ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4fbc5651686373f491fb14b4614577f", "text": "One Tough Cop One Tough Cop is a 1998 American action crime film . It was directed by Bruno Barreto and written by Jeremy Iacone . The movie stars Stephen Baldwin as the protagonist and first-person narrator Bo Dietl , a real-life New York City detective who wrote the book that the film is based on . Chris Penn costars as Dietl 's partner . Gina Gershon , Mike McGlone and Paul Guilfoyle also play key roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d73981ec764eb076b26fbd0650638804", "text": "David Brown (police officer) David O'Neal Brown ( 1960 ) is an American law enforcement official who was the chief of the Dallas Police Department from 2010 to 2016 . He has been widely praised for his reforms designed to reduce violent confrontations between police officers and the community and increase the department 's accountability and transparency . He has also been criticized by the local police union for the methods of implementation of some of his policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bfa16b02dfc464a39134ba0af5bf949", "text": "Runnin' from tha Police `` Runnin ' From tha Police '' is a 1995 song by rapper Tupac Shakur , featuring The Notorious B.I.G. , Stretch , Buju Banton , and Dramacydal . The song is significant , being one of very few compositions 2Pac and The Notorious B.I.G. created together , as later hostility arose between the two rappers , ending all possible collaborations and inciting the East-West Coast Rivalry . The first verse is performed by three of the four members of the rap group Dramacydal who would go on to join 2Pac 's Outlawz group ( Young Hollywood , K-Dog , and Big Malcolm , in that order ) , the second by Stretch and the Notorious B.I.G. , and the third and last by 2Pac . Four of the artists on the song have since been murdered , 2Pac , Notorious B.I.G. , Yaki Kadafi and Stretch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f030be87ffb50173e040dce2fb489a", "text": "Perp walk A perp walk , or walking the perp , The term `` perp '' is short for `` perpetrator '' , and is commonly used by police departments for those they arrest . It is legally inaccurate since the arrested individual 's guilt has not been judicially established at that point . is a practice in American law enforcement of taking an arrested suspect through a public place , creating an opportunity for the media to take photographs and video of the event . The defendant is typically handcuffed or otherwise restrained , and is sometimes dressed in prison garb . Within the United States the perp walk is most closely associated with New York City . The practice rose in popularity in the 1980s under U.S. Attorney Rudolph Giuliani , when white-collar criminals were perp-walked . The perp walk arose incidentally from the need to transport a defendant from a police station to court after arrest , and the general prohibition of prior restraint under the U.S. Constitution 's First Amendment . Law enforcement agencies often coordinate with the media in scheduling and arranging them . It has been criticized as a form of public humiliation that violates a defendant 's right to privacy and is prejudicial to the presumption of innocence , but is defended as promoting transparency in the criminal justice system . American courts have permitted it on the grounds that it arises from the limitations and necessity of police procedure , but have also limited it only to those times when it is actually necessary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08179929bdde5b44cf8e90a213adb06a", "text": "Beverly Hills Cop III Beverly Hills Cop III is a 1994 American action comedy film starring Eddie Murphy and directed by John Landis , who had previously worked with Murphy on Trading Places and Coming to America . It is the third film in the Beverly Hills Cop trilogy , and a sequel to Beverly Hills Cop II . Murphy again plays Detroit cop Axel Foley , who once again returns to Beverly Hills , California , to stop a gang of counterfeiters who are responsible for the death of his boss . Foley teams up with his friend , Beverly Hills detective Billy Rosewood ( Judge Reinhold ) , and his investigation leads him to an amusement park known as Wonder World . The film features a number of cameo appearances by well-known film personalities , including Robert B. Sherman , Arthur Hiller , John Singleton , Joe Dante , special effects legend Ray Harryhausen , and George Lucas as a ride patron . Beverly Hills Cop III was released on May 25 , 1994 and grossed $ 42 million in the United States , and over $ 77 million in the foreign box office . The film was considered by critics and Murphy himself as the weakest film in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "690e5bd481a4041f1cae9b31cf3f7184", "text": "Rookie Blue Rookie Blue is a Canadian police drama television series starring Missy Peregrym and Gregory Smith . It was created by Morwyn Brebner , Tassie Cameron and Ellen Vanstone . The police drama premiered on June 24 , 2010 , at 9:00 p.m. Eastern/8 :00 p.m. Central , and aired on Global in Canada and ABC in the United States . On July 17 , 2013 , ABC and Global announced that Rookie Blue was renewed for a fifth season . Originally intended to be a single season consisting of 22 episodes ( up from the usual 13 ) , the season was split in two , with ABC and ET Canada at first announcing that the first half would premiere on July 17 , and the other half `` at a later date '' . Season 5 premiered on May 19 on Global , on June 19 on ABC , and on July 20 on Universal Channel in the UK . Global 's early premiere marked the first time that the series aired on separate dates in Canada and the U.S. On October 16 , 2015 , it was announced that Rookie Blue had completed its run after six seasons and would not be returning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8bdac0de48a208ba1e596cc7b704632", "text": "Ellis Carver Ellis Carver is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire , played by actor Seth Gilliam . Carver is an African American police officer and former commander of the Baltimore Police Department 's Western District Drug Enforcement Unit . While initially matched to the simple-minded and brutish policing of his loyal partner and unfailing friend Thomas `` Herc '' Hauk , under the counsel of Major Colvin in the Western District , Carver incrementally matures into a reflective and generally upstanding officer , often drawing the ire of his Western District colleagues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb76574a0b0586ee92d30f08da3b4818", "text": "Washington and Lee Swing `` Washington and Lee Swing '' is the official fight song of Washington & Lee University . Before it morphed into a swing , Dixieland and bluegrass standard , `` The Washington and Lee Swing '' was one of the most well known -- and widely borrowed -- football marches ever written , according to Robert Lissauer 's Encyclopedia of Popular Music in America . Schools and colleges from Tulane to Slippery Rock to Gonzaga to Iowa State copied it ( sometimes with attribution ) . It was written in 1910 by Mark W. Sheafe , class of 1906 , Clarence A. ( Tod ) Robbins , class of 1911 , and Thornton W. Allen , class of 1913 . It has been recorded by virtually every important swing musician , including Glenn Miller ( with Tex Beneke on vocals ) , Louis Armstrong , Kay Kyser , Hal Kemp and the Dukes of Dixieland . `` The Swing '' was a trademark of the New Orleans showman Pete Fountain . The trumpeter Red Nichols played it ( and Danny Kaye pretended to play it ) in the 1959 movie The Five Pennies . ( There is an audio excerpt from a 1944 recording by Jan Garber , a prominent dance-band leader of the era . School song from D & D 's Music Hall . ) The `` Swing '' was parodied in `` The Dummy Song '' by Lew Brown and Ray Henderson . `` Dummy '' was recorded by NRBQ , Louis Armstrong , Louis Prima and Glenn Miller 's vocal jazz group , The Modernaires , among many others , and was used in the movie You 've Got Mail . It is also the tune used as the CIT song in the 1979 movie , `` Meatballs . '' It is a popular fight song of many schools , including : Albert Gallatin Senior High School ( Uniontown , PA ) Allen Park High School ( Allen Park , MI ) Arthur Hill High School ( Saginaw , MI ) Augusta High School ( Augusta , KY ) Bassett High School ( Bassett , VA ) Benedictine Military School ( Savannah , GA ) Bearden High School ( Knoxville , TN ) Beresford High School ( Beresford , SD ) Bergenfield High School ( Bergenfield , NJ ) Bloomington High School South ( Bloomington , IN ) Booneville High School ( Booneville , Mississippi ) Broken Arrow High School ( Broken Arrow , OK ) Brooke High School ( Wellsburg , WV ) Brookville High School ( Brookville , OH ) Brookville High School ( Lynchburg , VA ) Cache High School ( Cache , OK ) Calhoun High School ( Calhoun , GA ) Canyon High School ( Anaheim , CA ) Central Davidson High School ( Lexington , NC ) Central Lee High School ( Donnellson , IA ) Chapmanville Regional High School ( Chapmanville , WV ) Clay County High School ( Manchester , KY ) Dallas Center Grimes High School ( Grimes , IA ) Deer Creek High School ( Edmond , OK ) DeKalb High School ( Waterloo , IN ) DeSoto High School ( DeSoto , TX ) D.S. Keith Junior High School ( Altoona , PA ) Duncan U. Fletcher High School ( Neptune Beach , FL ) Charles F. Brush High School ( Lyndhurst , OH ) East Fairmont High School ( Fairmont , WV ) Eastern Montgomery High School ( Elliston , VA ) Erik Ramstad Middle School ( Minot , ND ) Fairfield High School ( Fairfield , OH ) Fairland High School ( Proctorville , OH ) Fayette High School ( Fayette , MO ) Fertile-Beltrami ( Fertile , MN ) Fort Myers High School ( Fort Myers , FL ) Frayser High School ( Memphis , TN ) Freedom High School ( Bethlehem , PA ) Garinger High School ( Charlotte , NC ) Germantown High School ( Germantown , TN ) Glasgow High School ( Glasgow , KY ) Granby High School ( Norfolk , VA ) Granville High School ( Granville , OH ) Grayslake Central High School ( Grayslake , IL ) Groesbeck High School ( Groesbeck , TX ) Guthrie Center High School ( Guthrie Center , IA ) Haleyville High School ( Haleyville , AL ) Harmony High School ( Big Sandy , TX ) Harrison Central High School ( Gulfport , MS ) Henderson Collegiate High School ( Henderson , NC ) Howe High School ( Howe , OK ) Jones High School ( Jones , OK ) Jimtown High School , Elkhart , IN ) Kasson-Mantorville High School , ( Kasson , MN ) Kenston High School ( Bainbridge Township , OH ) Keystone Junior/Senior High School ( Knox , PA ) Kiel High School ( Kiel , WI ) Leesville High School ( Leesville , LA ) Lee-Scott Academy ( Auburn , AL ) Lind-Ritzville High School ( Ritzville , WA ) Lindbergh High School ( St. Louis , MO ) Lone Oak High School ( Lone Oak , TX ) Louisburg School District USD 416 , KS ) Louisburg High School ( Louisburg , NC ) Lordsburg HS ( New Mexico ) Mankato Loyola Catholic School ( Mankato , MN ) Madison Consolidated High School ( Madison , IN ) Maryville High School ( Maryville , MO ) Mayo High School ( Rochester , MN ) McAlester High School ( McAlester , OK ) McAllen High School ( McAllen , TX ) Medford Area Senior High , WI ) Milton High School , ( Milton , WI ) Morgan Park High School ( Chicago , IL ) Mountain Grove High School ( Mountain Grove , MO ) Mountain Home High School ( Mountain Home , AR ) Murray High School ( Murray , UT ) New Hanover High School ( Wilmington , NC ) Noble High School ( Noble , OK ) Norcross High School ( Norcross , GA ) North Buncombe High School , ( Weaverville , NC ) Opp High School ( Opp , AL ) Orange High School ( Hillsborough , NC ) Owensboro High School , ( Owensboro , KY ) Owensville High School ( Owensville , MO ) Ottawa-Glandorf High School ( Ottawa , OH ) Padua Franciscan High School ( Parma , OH ) Paducah Tilghman High School ( Paducah , KY ) -- Its fight song is a fusion of two tunes , one of them the Washington and Lee Swing . Paul D. Schreiber High School ( Port Washington , NY Ponchatoula High School ( Ponchatoula , LA ) Putnam City High School , Warr Acres , OK ( N.W. OKC metro area ) ) Quanah High School ( Quanah , TX ) Raymond and Tirza Martin High School ( Laredo , TX ) Rocky River High School ( Rocky River , OH ) Roswell High School ( Roswell , GA ) Russell High School ( postal address Russell , KY ; physically located in Flatwoods , KY ) Saline High School ( Saline , MI ) Saint John Cathedral High School ( Milwaukee , WI ) Sandia High School ( Albuquerque , NM ) San Lorenzo Valley High School ( Felton , CA ) Seguin High School ( Seguin , TX ) Sequim High School ( Sequim , WA ) Seneca High School ( Seneca , MO ) Southwestern High School ( Hanover , IN ) Sprague High School ( Sprague , WA ) Stonewall Jackson High School ( Manassas , VA ) Sunnyvale High School ( Sunnyvale , TX ) Tallmadge High School ( Tallmadge , OH ) Tekamah-Herman High School ( Tekamah , NE ) Terrebonne High School ( Houma , LA Tolsia High School ( Glenhayes , WV ) U.S. Grant High School ( Portland , OR ) United Local High School ( Hanoverton , OH ) University of Toronto ( Toronto , ON ) Waterford Union High School ( Waterford , WI ) Wayne County High School ( Jesup , GA ) Warren Lincoln High School ( Warren , MI ) Wayne High School ( Huber Heights , OH ) Wheelersburg High School ( Wheelersburg , OH ) West Bloomfield High School ( West Bloomfield , MI ) Wickliffe High School ( Wickliffe , OH ) Winfield City High School ( Winfield , Alabama ) Wooster High School ( Wooster , OH ) Wynne High School ( Wynne , AR ) York High School ( Yorktown , VA ) Yorktown High School ( Yorktown , TX ) The Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League also use it as their fight song . In the early part of the 20th century Mississippi State University , then known as Mississippi A&M College , used a specially adapted version of the `` Washington and Lee Swing '' with words suitable for a college song . Comparisons between `` Washington and Lee Swing '' and `` Zacatecas March '' have included allegations that `` Washington and Lee Swing '' was heavily influenced by ( or even originally outright borrowed from ) that earlier Mexican march , which had been written in 1891 by Genaro Codino . See also -LSB- `` Wo n't You Come Home -RSB- , Bill Bailey ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72da5b07e0c96e8094081ef797b2d242", "text": "Shooting of Laquan McDonald The shooting of Laquan McDonald took place on October 20 , 2014 , in Chicago , Illinois . McDonald , in possession of a 3-inch folding knife , was shot by former Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke from approximately ten feet ( 3 m ) away . After investigation , Officer Van Dyke was charged in November 2015 with first-degree murder and initially held without bail at the Cook County Jail . He was released on bail on November 30 . The city reached a settlement with McDonald 's family . Subsequent protests denounced McDonald 's death and demanded changes in police and judicial procedure , and for the dismissal or resignation of city and county officials . Cook 's County State Attorney Anita Alvarez lost her bid for re-election in 2016 , but Rahm Emanuel won a second term in 2015 as Mayor of Chicago . At the request of Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan , the United States Department of Justice initiated a civil rights investigation into McDonald 's death and the activities of the Chicago Police Department . It released its report in January 2017 , describing the police as having a culture of `` excessive violence , '' especially against minority suspects , and of having poor training and supervision . DOJ and city officials have signed an agreement for a plan for improvement to be overseen by the courts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "811b44de22dec0693bceb545168d8396", "text": "Pima County Sheriff's Department The Pima County Sheriff 's Department ( PCSD ) is an American law enforcement agency that serves the unincorporated areas of Pima County , Arizona . It is the seventh largest sheriff 's department in the nation . It operates six district offices and three smaller satellite offices . The Corrections Bureau , has four facilities which houses on average 1,850 inmates per day . The department employs about 516 sworn officers and more than 872 civilian and corrections personnel and utilizes the services of over 400 volunteers . Its headquarters is on East Benson Highway in Tucson , Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3d54fee9ca51a77c46b2bf047b7f151", "text": "Cop Block Cop Block is a decentralized police accountability project formerly working to make police accountable for their actions . The organization 's members and volunteers attempt to draw attention to alleged or evident police abuses that happen across the United States , and work to film police to force transparency and accountability within their ranks as well . However , believing that accountability will never end police brutality , the group now shift its focus to anarchism and the complete abolishment of all law enforcement and the government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75cc77353d9c11dbf35d07b8bc7694c", "text": "Michael Akins Michael Akins is a fictional character in DC Comics ' Batman comics series . He is a man of African American descent who was chosen to succeed long-time Gotham City Police Commissioner James Gordon , who retired shortly after the end of the `` No Man 's Land '' story arc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689f833b61732cdb6bbf4a2399e0e7f9", "text": "Career Girls Murders The `` Career Girls Murders '' was the name given by the media to the killings of Emily Hoffert and Janice Wylie in their apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan on August 28 , 1963 . George Whitmore , Jr. , was accused of this and other crimes but later cleared . The actions of the police department led Whitmore to be improperly accused of this and other crimes , including the murder of Minnie Edmonds and the attempted rape and assault of Elba Borrero . Whitmore was wrongfully incarcerated for 1,216 days -- from his arrest on April 24 , 1964 , until his release on bond on July 13 , 1966 , and from the revocation of his bond on February 28 , 1972 -- until his exoneration on April 10 , 1973 , when , after what author T.J. English called , in his book The Savage City , `` a numbing cycle of trials , convictions , convictions overturned , retrials , and appeals '' , Whitmore was cleared of all charges and set free . Whitmore 's treatment by the authorities has been cited as an example that led the US Supreme Court to issue the guidelines known as the Miranda rights . The Supreme Court cited Mr. Whitmore 's case as `` the most conspicuous example '' of police coercion in the country when it issued its 1966 ruling establishing a set of protections for suspects , including the right to remain silent , in Miranda v. Arizona .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5977b7d7d8e33539090e1593a9a01885	Thor: The Dark World is a movie from 2013.	[ { "docid": "2bbf726192680909ed8dee334c9e8e3a", "text": "Loki (comics) Loki is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is the adoptive brother and often the enemy of Thor . He is based on the being of the same name from Norse mythology . The character first appeared historically in Venus No. 6 ( August 1949 ) and in modern-day in Journey into Mystery No. 85 ( October 1962 ) . The character was created by writer Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller Jack Kirby . Though normally portrayed as a supervillain , he is sometimes depicted as an antihero . Loki has appeared in several ongoing series , limited series and alternate reality series , including his own 4-issue series Loki ( 2004 ) . He appeared in the new issues of Young Avengers in 2013 . He began appearing in his solo series Loki : Agent of Asgard in 2014 and again in 2016 with Vote Loki . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , video games , and movies . In 2009 , Loki was ranked as IGN 's 8th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time . Tom Hiddleston first portrayed Loki in the 2011 live action film Thor , and then again in The Avengers ( 2012 ) and Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) ; he is slated to reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok ( 2017 ) and both Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) and its untitled sequel ( 2019 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "889cd40d56a7577480b59c9be30c84b6", "text": "Idris Elba Idrissa Akuna `` Idris '' Elba , ( -LSB- ˈɪdrᵻs_ˈɛlbə -RSB- born 6 September 1972 ) is an English actor , musician , and DJ . He is known for playing druglord Russell `` Stringer '' Bell on the HBO series The Wire , Detective John Luther on the BBC One series Luther , and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom ( 2013 ) . He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film , winning one , and was nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award . Elba has appeared in films such as Ridley Scott 's American Gangster ( 2007 ) , Takers ( 2010 ) , Thor ( 2011 ) , Prometheus ( 2012 ) , Pacific Rim ( 2013 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) and Beasts of No Nation ( 2015 , for which he received BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor ) , and Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) . In 2016 , he also voiced Chief Bogo in Zootopia , Shere Khan in The Jungle Book , and Fluke in Finding Dory . He will make his directorial debut with an adaptation of 1992 novel Yardie by Victor Headley . In addition to his acting work , Elba is a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis ( or Big Driis the Londoner ) and hip hop soul musician . In 2016 , he was named in the Time 100 list of the Most Influential People in the World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ec6e0ec6b6113c08038be253e1ed2ab", "text": "Thor: The Dark World Thor : The Dark World is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Thor , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2011 's Thor and the eighth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Alan Taylor , with a screenplay by Christopher Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely . It stars Chris Hemsworth , Natalie Portman , Tom Hiddleston , Anthony Hopkins , Stellan Skarsgård , Idris Elba , Christopher Eccleston , Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje , Kat Dennings , Ray Stevenson , Zachary Levi , Tadanobu Asano , Jaimie Alexander , and Rene Russo . In Thor : The Dark World , Thor teams up with Loki to save the Nine Realms from the Dark Elves led by the vengeful Malekith , who intends to plunge the universe into darkness . Development of Thor : The Dark World began in April 2011 , when producer Kevin Feige announced plans for a sequel to follow the crossover film The Avengers . In July 2011 , Kenneth Branagh , the director of Thor , withdrew from the project . Brian Kirk and Patty Jenkins were considered to direct the film before Taylor was hired in January 2012 . The supporting cast filled out in August 2012 , with the hiring of Eccleston , Dennings , and Akinnuoye-Agbaje . Principal photography began in September 2012 in Surrey , England with filming continuing in Iceland and London , before wrapping up in December 2012 . Thor : The Dark World was converted to 3D in post-production . Thor : The Dark World premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on October 22 , 2013 . It was released internationally on October 30 , 2013 , and on November 8 , 2013 , in the United States . The film received mixed reviews , but was a commercial success , grossing over $ 644 million worldwide . A third film , Thor : Ragnarok , is set for release on November 3 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b5ce977dcdd32f148cf990d572edd84", "text": "Thor (film) Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the fourth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Kenneth Branagh , written by Ashley Edward Miller & Zack Stentz and Don Payne , and stars Chris Hemsworth , Natalie Portman , Tom Hiddleston , Stellan Skarsgård , Colm Feore , Ray Stevenson , Idris Elba , Kat Dennings , Rene Russo and Anthony Hopkins . The film sees Thor , the crown prince of Asgard , banished to Earth and stripped of his powers after he reignites a dormant war . As his brother , Loki , plots to take the throne for himself , Thor must prove himself worthy and reclaim his hammer Mjolnir . Sam Raimi first developed the concept of a film adaptation of Thor in 1991 , but soon abandoned the project , leaving it in `` development hell '' for several years . During this time , the rights were picked up by various film studios until Marvel Studios signed Mark Protosevich to develop the project in 2006 , and planned to finance it and release it through Paramount Pictures . Matthew Vaughn was originally assigned to direct the film for a tentative 2010 release . However , after Vaughn was released from his holding deal in 2008 , Branagh was approached and the film 's release was rescheduled into 2011 . The main characters were cast in 2009 , and principal photography took place in California and New Mexico from January to May 2010 . The film was converted to 3D in post-production . Thor premiered on April 17 , 2011 , in Sydney , Australia and was released on May 6 , 2011 , in the United States . The film was a financial success and received positive reviews from film critics . The DVD and Blu-ray sets were released on September 13 , 2011 . A sequel , Thor : The Dark World , was released on November 8 , 2013 . A third film , Thor : Ragnarok is set to be released on November 3 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ebc72d874f1a71caa1a825e324e25f38", "text": "Thor In Norse mythology , Thor ( -LSB- θɔr -RSB- from Old Norse Þórr ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder , lightning , storms , oak trees , strength , the protection of mankind , and also hallowing and fertility . The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar ( runic þonar ) , stemming from a Common Germanic * Þunraz ( meaning `` thunder '' ) . Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion , Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania , to the tribal expansions of the Migration Period , to his high popularity during the Viking Age , when , in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia , emblems of his hammer , Mjölnir , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity . Into the modern period , Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions . Thor is frequently referred to in place names , the day of the week Thursday ( `` Thor 's day '' from Old English Thunresdæg , ` Thunor 's day ' ) bears his name , and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today . In Norse mythology , largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia , numerous tales and information about Thor are provided . In these sources , Thor bears at least fourteen names , is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif , is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa , and is generally described as fierce eyed , red haired and red bearded . With Sif , Thor fathered the goddess ( and possible valkyrie ) Þrúðr ; with Járnsaxa , he fathered Magni ; with a mother whose name is not recorded , he fathered Móði , and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr . The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the personified earth , Jörð , and by way of Odin , Thor has numerous brothers . Thor has two servants , Þjálfi and Röskva , rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats , Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr ( that he eats and resurrects ) , and is ascribed three dwellings ( Bilskirnir , Þrúðheimr , and Þrúðvangr ) . Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer , Mjölnir , wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr , and owns the staff Gríðarvölr . Thor 's exploits , including his relentless slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr -- and their foretold mutual deaths during the events of Ragnarök -- are recorded throughout sources for Norse mythology . Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture . Like other Germanic deities , veneration of Thor is revived in the modern period in Heathenry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5634cf8095139d0e09af1034178a7070", "text": "Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda . The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07a56939b102e84ea78f17c082e5dd66", "text": "70th Venice International Film Festival The 70th annual Venice International Film Festival took place in Venice , Italy from 28 August to 7 September 2013 . American film director William Friedkin was presented with a lifetime achievement award . Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was the President of the Jury . He was previously the President of the Jury at the 40th edition in 1983 . Gravity , directed by Alfonso Cuarón , was the opening film of the festival . Italian actress Eva Riccobono hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival . The Golden Lion was awarded to the Italian documentary film Sacro GRA . It was the first documentary film to win the award at the Venice Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d63617603c673d6f94821af90ca7952", "text": "God of Thunder (2015 film) God of Thunder ( aka Dark Universe ) is a 2015 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee60474667fb996d1682a5c9203bff0", "text": "Thor: Son of Asgard (video game) Thor : Son of Asgard is an action-adventure video game for iOS , based on Marvel Comics ' Thor . The story is based on a comics version of Thor . Cutscenes are made from comic book-styled animation . The character itself is on the other hand based on his movie version , his persona and the suit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e964eec116d42efb2decdf23ecedb53d", "text": "I Am Thor I Am Thor is a documentary about the life of bodybuilder and rock musician Jon Mikl Thor of the band THOR . The film was directed by Ryan Wise and produced by Ryan Wise and Alan Higbee and had its world premiere at the 2015 Slamdance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e323840a70af0f23af0b7c1a298b8ba1", "text": "Dark Adventure Radio Theatre Dark Adventure Radio Theatre is a series of radio dramas produced by the H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society . They are produced in the style of 1930s radio drama , and the `` Dark Adventure Radio Theatre '' resembles a Mercury Theatre production hosted by the fictional `` Chester Langfield '' and `` sponsored '' by `` Fleur-de-Lys Cigarettes '' . However , the character `` died '' of emphysema after the fourth production ( The Shadow Over Innsmouth ) and was replaced by the equally fictional `` Erskine Blackwell , '' the new `` sponsor '' being `` Forhan 's Toothpaste . '' In the latest production , The Dreams in the Witch House , the sponsor became `` Bub-L-Pep '' , a lithium-based drink . The series features casts of professional actors and original music . The CD releases include four prop documents , such as newspaper clippings , etc. , from the show . Currently released productions : Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : At the Mountains of Madness ( 2007 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Dunwich Horror ( 2008 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Shadow Out of Time ( 2008-10-01 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Shadow Over Innsmouth ( 2008-12 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Call of Cthulhu ( 2012-11 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Case of Charles Dexter Ward ( 2013-03 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Color Out of Space ( 2013 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Herbert West - Reanimator ( 2013 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Dreams in the Witch House ( 2014 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Imprisoned with the Pharaohs ( 2014 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Horror at Red Hook ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Dagon : War of Worlds ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : A Solstice Carol ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The White Tree ( 2016 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Thing on the Doorstep ( 2016 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Brotherhood of the Beast ( 2016 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cadde8de076a67bd19e94c2dff757261", "text": "Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers Thor & Loki : Blood Brothers is a four episode motion comic from Marvel Knights Animation released in April 2011 . It is based on the 2004 miniseries Loki by Robert Rodi and Esad Ribic . A DVD containing all four episodes was released on September 13 , 2011 from Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5e66baf2067c9d985fe7c228e2908bb", "text": "Jon Mikl Thor Jon Thor ( born 1955 ) , better known as Thor , is a bodybuilding champion , actor , songwriter , screenwriter , historian , vocalist and musician . As a bodybuilder , he was the first Canadian to win both the Mr. Canada and Mr. USA titles . During his bodybuilding career , he has achieved over 40 titles around the world . As a musician , he is the front man for the heavy metal band Thor , billing himself as `` The Legendary Rock Warrior '' . He has also has had career in acting appearing in such films as Recruits ( 1986 ) , Zombie Nightmare ( 1987 ) , Rock 'n' Roll Nightmare ( 1987 ) and FUBAR ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c0500e5970caf7460861eb0f6171f27", "text": "Dark Feed Dark Feed is a 2013 horror film directed by Shawn and Michael Rasmussen . The movie was first released on March 18 , 2013 and centers upon a group of filmmakers that decide to cut costs by filming in an abandoned psychiatric hospital , only to end up slowly turning insane . Filming took place in New England and utilized some of the buildings seen in Shutter Island . The Rasmussens came up with the idea for Dark Feed while visiting the set of another film , Long Distance , which was filming in an abandoned psychiatric hospital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904cac69dc6daca3e72a5c7ecb99d44f", "text": "List of Icelandic films of 2014 The Icelandic film industry produced over twenty feature films in 2014 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by Iceland . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2014 . Also included is an overview of the major events in Icelandic film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that have been particularly well received , both critically and financially .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c97004181f2e8bc662f2e6f8c52e8f0e", "text": "Troll A troll is a class of being in Norse mythology and Scandinavian folklore . In Old Norse sources , beings described as trolls dwell in isolated rocks , mountains , or caves , live together in small family units , and are rarely helpful to human beings . Later , in Scandinavian folklore , trolls became beings in their own right , where they live far from human habitation , are not Christianized , and are considered dangerous to human beings . Depending on the source , their appearance varies greatly ; trolls may be ugly and slow-witted , or look and behave exactly like human beings , with no particularly grotesque characteristic about them . Trolls are sometimes associated with particular landmarks , which at times may be explained as formed from a troll exposed to sunlight . Trolls are depicted in a variety of media in modern popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d480a5f86aa3ad2e43d325959881cd", "text": "Thor Freudenthal Thor Freudenthal ( born October 20 , 1972 ) is a German film director , animator and special effects artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6246aa55d3eee9b24ed765ae676ebf7c", "text": "Urðr Urðr ( Old Norse `` fate '' ) is one of the Norns in Norse mythology . Along with Verðandi ( possibly `` happening '' or `` present '' ) and Skuld ( possibly `` debt '' or `` future '' ) , Urðr makes up a trio of Norns that are described as deciding the fates of people . Urðr is attested in stanza 20 of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá and the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning . Urðr is together with the Norns located at the well Urðarbrunnr beneath the world ash tree Yggdrasil of Asgard . They spin threads of life , cut marks in the pole figures and measure people 's destinies , which shows the fate of all human beings and gods . Norns are always present when a child is born and decide its fate . The three Norns represent the past ( Urðr ) , future ( Skuld ) and present ( Verðandi ) . Urðr is commonly written as Urd or Urth . In some English translations , her name is glossed with the Old English form of urðr ; Wyrd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46a0404247a4625830cf6f656931924a", "text": "Thor: The Mighty Avenger (toy line) Thor : The Mighty Avenger is a toy line manufactured by Hasbro based on the Marvel Comics film , Thor . It is composed mainly of 3.75 '' scale action figures . The line falls under Marvel 's `` Avengers Assemble '' marketing banner , which will also include the Iron Man : The Armored Avenger and Captain America : The First Avenger toy lines . This will be used as a lead up to 2012 's The Avengers motion picture . Unlike previous 3.75 '' action figure lines based on movies , Hasbro is not doing a comic series with this line . All of the figures will be based on the movie . This official street date for the line is March 1 , though some stores have started selling the toys in early February .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3b0e0d94b601e9b6710fb3f4e3ea6199	David Tennant played the Tenth Doctor in Doctor Who.	[ { "docid": "061db1acd3e624239721f0b1b9c3cb10", "text": "David Tennant David Tennant ( born David John McDonald ; 18 April 1971 ) is a Scottish actor and voice actor . He is best known for his roles as the Tenth Doctor in the British television series Doctor Who , Alec Hardy in Broadchurch , Giacomo Casanova in the TV serial Casanova , Kilgrave in Jessica Jones , and Barty Crouch , Jr. in the film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . In addition to his appearances on screen , he has worked as a voice actor and in theatre , including a critically acclaimed stage production of Hamlet . In January 2015 , Tennant received the National Television Award for Special Recognition .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29008e572f72daa06e88d9a9f3e61926", "text": "List of Doctor Who novelisations This is a list of Doctor Who novelisations , in order of publication . The first three Doctor Who serials to be novelised were the William Hartnell stories The Daleks ( as Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks by David Whitaker ) , The Web Planet ( Doctor Who and the Zarbi by Bill Strutton ) and The Crusade ( Doctor Who and the Crusaders by Whitaker ) . They were published in hardback by Frederick Muller Ltd ; the first was also published in paperback , by Armada . Between 1973 and 1991 , Target Books published almost every Doctor Who television serial as a novelisation , starting with new editions of the Frederick Muller books . When Target was taken over by Virgin Books in 1991 , three further serials - The Power of the Daleks and The Evil of the Daleks by John Peel and the radio serial The Paradise of Death by Barry Letts - were added to the range . The only serials from the original 1963-1989 run of the show never to have been officially novelised by Target and its related companies are The Pirate Planet ( Published January 2017 by BBC Books ) , City of Death ( published on 21 May 2015 by BBC Books ) , Shada ( published in March 2012 by BBC Books ) , Resurrection of the Daleks , and Revelation of the Daleks , due to licensing issues with the original scriptwriters . ( Unofficial fan novelisations were published by the New Zealand Doctor Who Fan Club between 1989 and 2000 . ) The Children in Need special Dimensions in Time and the Comic Relief spoof Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death have also not been novelised . BBC Books published a novelisation of the 1996 Doctor Who television movie by Gary Russell . There are currently no plans to novelise episodes of the post-2005 revived series . However , in late 2007 unofficial fan-produced novelisations of the first two 2005 episodes were published as ebooks . They were quickly removed from the website following threat of legal action by the BBC 's Brand Protection Team . . So far Pearson Education are the only company to publish official novelizations of Post-1996 TV stories having published adaptations of four Eleventh Doctor stories . In addition to the television serials , three scripts from the cancelled Season 23 - The Nightmare Fair , The Ultimate Evil and Mission to Magnus - were novelised . A short series entitled The Companions of Doctor Who comprised the novelisation of K-9 and Company along with the original works Turlough and the Earthlink Dilemma and Harry Sullivan 's War . Besides The Paradise of Death , Target also novelised two additional non-televised stories : the radio play Slipback and the audio story The Pescatons . A novelisation by Barry Letts of a further radio drama , The Ghosts of N-Space , was published as part of the Virgin Missing Adventures range in 1995 , as was the novelisation of the independent spin-off Downtime ; in the same year , the Virgin New Adventures range published a novelisation of Shakedown : The Return of the Sontarans . The most recent novelisation to be published is an adaptation by James Goss of The Pirate Planet . In 2005 , BBC Audio released unabridged audiobook versions of the first three Frederick Muller novelisations , read by actor William Russell ( who played Ian Chesterton ) . Beginning in September 2007 , they began releasing further unabridged audiobooks of the Target novelisations at a rate of approximately two every two months ; the books themselves remain officially out of print . BBC Books began reprinting selected titles starting in July 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fa35a6d14ab44c3360b0924cfd534fd", "text": "Single Father (TV series) Single Father is a four-episode 2010 BBC television drama centred on Dave ( David Tennant ) , a photographer attempting to look after his children as a single father after the death of his partner , Rita ( Laura Fraser ) , in a road traffic accident . The series also explores the complicated and growing romance between Dave and Rita 's best friend , Sarah ( Suranne Jones ) . The series began airing on BBC One on 10 October 2010 at a 9pm timeslot , with 5 million viewers . BBC has no plans for a second series of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82412a51464c2a9f8b8f43bcc6774193", "text": "Doctor at Large (TV series) Doctor at Large is a British television comedy series based on a set of books by Richard Gordon about the misadventures of a group of newly qualified doctors . The series follows directly from its predecessor Doctor in the House , and was produced by London Weekend Television in 1971 . Writers for the Doctor at Large episodes were Bill Oddie , Graeme Garden , John Cleese , Graham Chapman , Bernard McKenna , Geoff Rowley , Andy Baker , Jonathan Lynn and David Yallop , as well as George Layton ( under the pseudonym of `` Oliver Fry '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f97abd1475e07320fe564b8854e844ab", "text": "The Rescue (Doctor Who) The Rescue is the third serial of the second season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 2 January and 9 January 1965 on BBC1 . It was written by outgoing story editor David Whitaker and directed by Christopher Barry . The Rescue was produced in a six-episode block with The Romans and was the first story produced in Doctor Who second production block . Rehearsals and recording took place from 30 November to 11 December 1964 , entirely in-studio . The two episodes were watched by 12 and 13 million viewers in the UK respectively and have received generally positive reviews from critics , who praise the character-based storytelling , although plot holes were noted . Both episodes of The Rescue have been retained in the BBC archives , and the story has been novelised and released on VHS and DVD . The serial is notable as the first appearance of Maureen O'Brien as companion Vicki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5e3fe1c1595c92208081a60a8eea8ca", "text": "Project Infinity (Doctor Who audio) Project Infinity is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c7d43c48a23e66376161282e0d44f35", "text": "Doctor Who (season 6) The sixth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 10 August 1968 with the first story of season 6 The Dominators and ended Patrick Troughton 's reign as the Doctor with its final story The War Games . Only 37 out of 44 episodes are held in the BBC archives ; 7 remain missing . As result 2 serials are incomplete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "419c09195125694796dba76660755482", "text": "The Long Game `` The Long Game '' is the seventh episode of the first series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who that was first broadcast on 7 May 2005 on BBC One . It was written by executive producer Russell T Davies and directed by Brian Grant . In the episode , alien time traveller the Doctor ( Christopher Eccleston ) and his companion Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) , having been joined by near-future genius Adam Mitchell ( Bruno Langley ) , land on Satellite 5 in the far future . Satellite 5 is a space station that broadcasts news across the entire human empire . However , the Doctor notices that the station is suspicious : there are no aliens , and those who are promoted to Floor 500 seem to disappear . The Doctor and Rose discover that the Editor ( Simon Pegg ) and an alien are controlling the rest of humanity by way of the press . Meanwhile , Adam makes a mistake that forces the Doctor and Rose to take him home . The concept of `` The Long Game '' was originally submitted by Davies to the Doctor Who script office in the 1980s . Davies had also been interested in doing a storyline about a failed companion . In addition , critics have pointed out that the story is a satire on the media . Production for the episode took place in November and December 2004 , with some location filming in Coryton , Cardiff . `` The Long Game '' was watched by 8.01 million viewers in the UK and received generally mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78538512a29e0f399f2b1cf04625f491", "text": "Doctor Who Magazine Doctor Who Magazine ( abbreviated as DWM ) is a magazine devoted to the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Its current editor is Tom Spilsbury , who has been with the magazine since 2003 . It is currently recognised by Guinness World Records as the longest running TV tie-in magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8da0fd77243e9272889a8200c2f0f87", "text": "The Name of the Doctor `` The Name of the Doctor '' is the thirteenth and final episode of the seventh series of the British science-fiction drama Doctor Who and was broadcast on . It was written by Steven Moffat and directed by Saul Metzstein . The episode stars Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor and Jenna-Louise Coleman as Clara Oswald . It also features the return of Alex Kingston as River Song , Neve McIntosh as Madame Vastra , Dan Starkey as Commander Strax , Catrin Stewart as Jenny and Richard E. Grant as the Great Intelligence . The episode also features new monsters called the Whisper Men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1736d0723848104851de6f029c0f19f", "text": "Peter Moffatt Peter Moffatt ( 15 April 1922 -- 21 October 2007 ) was an English television director . His work includes Crane ( 1963 ) , All Creatures Great and Small ( 1978 ) and The Gentle Touch ( 1980 ) . He also directed the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who serials State of Decay ( 1980 ) , The Visitation ( 1982 ) , Mawdryn Undead ( 1983 ) , The Five Doctors ( 1983 ) The Twin Dilemma ( 1984 ) and The Two Doctors ( 1985 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda15357e98678b8237182bb44fd778c", "text": "The Second Doctor Boxset The Second Doctor Boxset is a Big Finish Productions audio drama set based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . These stories are in the Companion Chronicles format , a `` talking book '' narrated by the Doctor 's companions ( albeit not in character ) with guest stars ' voices , music and sound effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "658b3715146722d0aa3b4ca34c4a2c58", "text": "Tenth Doctor The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who , who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials . As with previous incarnations of the Doctor , the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin-offs . In the programme 's narrative , the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS , frequently with companions . When the Doctor is critically injured beyond medical repair , he can regenerate his body ; in doing so , his physical appearance and personality change , and a new actor assumes the role . Tennant 's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked . This incarnation 's companions include working class shop assistant Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) , medical student Martha Jones ( Freema Agyeman ) , and fiery temp worker Donna Noble ( Catherine Tate ) . He eventually parts ways with them all by the end of the 2008 series finale , `` Journey 's End '' , after which he attempts to travel alone for the duration of the 2008 -- 2010 specials before being accompanied by Donna Noble 's grandfather Wilfred Mott on his final adventure in The End of Time . In November 2013 , Tennant 's Doctor was voted `` The UK 's favourite Doctor '' in a survey held by the Radio Times magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f1b5a7753807e6e29e0cc2f8fa47bf4", "text": "Sting of the Zygons Sting of the Zygons is a BBC Books original novel written by Stephen Cole and based on the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who . It features the Tenth Doctor and Martha Jones . It was published on 19 April 2007 , after the television debut of companion Martha Jones , alongside Wooden Heart and The Last Dodo . The Zygons , who have previously appeared both on television ( Terror of the Zygons and The Day of the Doctor ) and print ( The Bodysnatchers ) , make a return appearance . David Tennant has stated in an interview that the Zygons were his favourite monsters in the classic series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "972688f9f31d0b42a91e9c457a218ea4", "text": "Sergeant Benton Sergeant Benton is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , played by John Levene . He was the senior NCO of the British contingent of UNIT ( United Nations Intelligence Taskforce , later retitled : UNified Intelligence Taskforce for the new series ) , an international organisation that defends the Earth from alien threats . He appeared semi-regularly on the programme from 1968 to 1975 , and was eventually promoted to the rank of Warrant Officer Class 1 , holding the post of Regimental Sergeant Major .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a45fef18343f56fd7a7c66b6c6a9eec4", "text": "Doctor Who Prime Computer ad's Doctor Who in the 1970s was really different from what we see today . A new series of ads starring Tom Baker and Lalla Ward Based on a new `` Super Computer '' known as `` Prime Computer '' which is based to solve problems . The Prime Computer was set up inside as part of the TARDIS . The ads were a big hit in the United Kingdom with millions of views . The first ever ad was titled stepping into the 80 's . Where the Doctor was surprised to find a new Prime Computer . All ads are included in Destiny of the Daleks . ' They all had a White screen in the background , which makes it a funny experience . The TARDIS had a new paint style and was more bright blue rather then having a darker exterior . Down below is the FULL LIST : Stepping Into the 80 's Stepping into the 80 's 2 Dr Who Meets his Match Dr Who and the Aliens Category : Doctor Who", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ddfbd07c387cc4f2fd921f3b992ac2", "text": "Eighth Doctor comic stories Eighth Doctor comic stories are two ranges of comic series that featured the adventures of the eighth incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the hit sc-fi series , Doctor Who . Two separate series of original comic strips featuring the Eighth Doctor ( and thus the likeness of actor Paul McGann ) were published during the character 's original tenure . The Radio Times published a weekly comic strip for a time . There was also the standard Doctor Who Magazine strip . The two series introduced brand-new companions , although the Eighth Doctor 's only on-screen companion , Grace Holloway , also appeared twice . There were also cameo appearances by companions from past DWM series . The Master was also resurrected . During the latter period of the DWM 's comic stories the stories switched from black and white strips to full colour . One of the strip 's most noted fans was Russell T Davies , the future executive producer and head writer of the revived Doctor Who series . Davies had proposed that the Magazine 's strip regenerate McGann 's Doctor at the conclusion of The Flood . Whilst a draft was prepared to include the regeneration , the idea was abandoned as the Magazine team had reservations about taking such an important element from the television series should McGann ever be used in the series for flashback purposes . Eventually the decision was taken to simply end `` The Flood '' on a note similar to Survival , with The Eighth Doctor and Destrii 's later adventures left a mystery to the readers . It has been speculated that Davies loosely adapted elements from The Flood in his later DW storylines The Parting of the Ways and Army of Ghosts ( in particular the Doctor absorbing the time/space vortex to save Rose Tyler 's life , triggering his regeneration and the ghost-shifting infiltration of The Cybermen on an unsuspecting public )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0de29283032b238cc0deb6e2c25c51", "text": "The Trial of a Time Lord The Trial of a Time Lord is a 14-part science fiction serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The serial , produced as the show 's twenty-third season , aired in weekly episodes from 6 September to 6 December 1986 . The only Doctor Who presentation of its kind , it contains four adventures : The Mysterious Planet , Mindwarp , Terror of the Vervoids , and The Ultimate Foe -- Colin Baker 's final story . The idea for the serial stemmed from several production changes to Doctor Who , such as reduced screen time for the season and a request from BBC controller Michael Grade that the series contain less violence and more humour . Several problems occurred during production , including the death of scriptwriter Robert Holmes , and the resignation of script editor Eric Saward . This was the last serial to star Colin Baker because he was dismissed from the role when it ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f544bfc758baf53655bd977522c4aa46", "text": "The Impossible Planet `` The Impossible Planet '' is the eighth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , first broadcast on 3 June 2006 . It is the first part of a two-part story , followed by `` The Satan Pit '' . The TARDIS lands in a base on a planet orbiting a black hole , an allegedly impossible situation that stumps even the Doctor . The base crew are drilling towards a mysterious subterranean power source , to claim the power that keeps the planet in orbit for the good of the Human Empire . However , an ancient evil is down there too , and it is awakened .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d3c2843214799d465a024ea019410254	English is influenced by Latin.	[ { "docid": "2e84bc102ac7aed06846f3f2350b1d6b", "text": "English language English -LSB- ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ -RSB- is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca . Named after the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England , it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia ( Angeln ) peninsula in the Baltic Sea . It is closely related to the Frisian languages , but its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages , as well as by Latin and Romance languages , particularly French . English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states . It is the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom , the United States , Canada , Australia , Ireland , and New Zealand , and is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean , Africa , and South Asia . It is the third most common native language in the world , after Mandarin and Spanish . It is the most widely learned second language and an official language of the United Nations , of the European Union , and of many other world and regional international organisations . It is the most widely spoken Germanic language , accounting for at least 70 % of speakers of this Indo-European branch . English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years . The earliest forms of English , a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century , are called Old English . Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England , and was a period in which the language was influenced by French . Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible , and the start of the Great Vowel Shift . Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire , modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries . Through all types of printed and electronic media , as well as the emergence of the United States as a global superpower , English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and in professional contexts such as science , navigation , and law . Modern English grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European dependent marking pattern with a rich inflectional morphology and relatively free word order , to a mostly analytic pattern with little inflection , a fairly fixed SVO word order and a complex syntax . Modern English relies more on auxiliary verbs and word order for the expression of complex tenses , aspect and mood , as well as passive constructions , interrogatives and some negation . Despite noticeable variation among the accents and dialects of English used in different countries and regions -- in terms of phonetics and phonology , and sometimes also vocabulary , grammar and spelling -- English-speakers from around the world are able to communicate with one another with relative ease .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "11292f9c451963f269985d93c10db321", "text": "South Asian English South Asian English is the English of South Asia . English was introduced to South Asia in the early 17th century and reinforced by the long rule of the British Empire . Today it is spoken as a second language by about 33 million people , 3 % of the total population . Although it is fairly homogeneous across the region , sharing `` linguistic features and tendencies at virtually all linguistic levels '' , there are also differences based on various factors . South Asian English is sometimes called `` Indian English '' , as British India included most of the region , but today , the varieties of English are usually divided according to the modern states : Bangladeshi English Indian English Nepali English Pakistani English Sri Lankan English", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed7912e33743f65b31ad888b07fbee0", "text": "Chicano English Chicano English , or Mexican American English , is a dialect of American English spoken primarily by Mexican Americans ( sometimes known as Chicanos ) , particularly in the Southwestern United States , ranging from Texas to California but also apparent in Chicago . Chicano English is sometimes mistakenly conflated with Spanglish , which is a grammatically simplified mixing of Spanish and English ; however , Chicano English is a fully formed and native dialect of English , not a `` learner English '' or interlanguage . It is even the native dialect of some speakers who know little to no Spanish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59338946bc931c24206138fd4544cfd", "text": "English-language radio English-language radio refers to radio stations that broadcast primarily in the English language and are located in countries where English is not an official language or majority language . Often referred to as `` English-speaking radio '' or `` Expat radio '' the broadcasts enables expats , vacationers and travelers to listen to radio in their native language while traveling abroad . The idea is that stations broadcast in English to popular holiday destinations such as Pattaya or the French Riviera or places with high expat communities . English language broadcasting also takes the form of military-backed radio such as the American Forces Network . However English-language radio based in foreign countries has to now compete with the introduction of internet radio and satellite technology that has increased listener 's access to English-language radio based in `` home '' counties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fd1d0003ae08747965dd73cb36d451b", "text": "Gerundive Gerundive ( -LSB- dʒəˈrʌndɪv -RSB- ) is a term in Latin grammar for a verb form that functions as an adjective . Traditionally , the term has been applied to verbal adjectives and nouns in other languages . In Classical Latin , the gerundive is distinct in form and function from the gerund and the present active participle . In Late Latin , the differences were largely lost , resulting in a form derived from the gerund or gerundive but functioning more like a participle . The adjectival gerundive form survives in the formation of progressive aspect forms in Italian , Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese . In French the adjectival gerundive and particle forms merged completely , and the term gérondif is used for adverbial use of - ant forms . There is no true equivalent to the gerundive in English ; the closest translation is a passive to-infinitive non-finite clause such as books to be read . That reflects the most common use of the Latin gerundive , to combine a transitive verb ( such as read ) and its object ( such as books ) , usually with a sense of obligation . Another translation is the recent development of the must - prefix as in a must-read book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e3043519e28f7a52003e7829811ddea", "text": "Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish Portuguese and Spanish , although closely related sister languages , differ in many details of their phonology , grammar , and lexicon . Both are part of a broader group known as West Iberian Romance , which also includes several other languages or dialects with fewer speakers , all of which are mutually intelligible to some degree . The most obvious differences are in pronunciation . Mutual intelligibility is generally greater for the written languages than for their spoken forms . Compare , for example , the following sentences : Al buen entendedor pocas palabras bastan ( Spanish : -LSB- -LSB- al ˈβwen entendeˈðor ˈpokas paˈlaβɾaz ˈβastan -RSB- -RSB- ) Ao bom entendedor poucas palavras bastam ( European Portuguese : -LSB- -LSB- ɐw ˈβõ ẽtẽdɨˈðoɾ ˈpo ( w ) kɐʃ pɐˈlavɾɐʒ ˈβaʃtɐ̃w -RSB- -RSB- , Brazilian Portuguese : -LSB- -LSB- aw ˈbõw ĩtẽdeˈdoʁ ˈpo ( w ) kas paˈlavɾaz ˈbastɐ̃w -RSB- -RSB- ) -- roughly equivalent to the English proverb `` A word to the wise is sufficient , '' or , a more literal translation , `` To a good listener , a few words are enough . '' There are also some significant differences between Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese as there are between British and American English or Peninsular and Latin American Spanish . This article notes these differences below only where : both Brazilian and European Portuguese differ not only from each other , but from Spanish as well ; both Peninsular ( i.e. European ) and Latin American Spanish differ not only from each other , but also from Portuguese ; or either Brazilian or European Portuguese differs from Spanish with syntax not possible in Spanish ( while the other dialect does not ) . notice", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5067617037a442d80e8725810a3bcca", "text": "Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans or Anglos are people who are inhabitants of Anglo-America and are referred to as English Americans and/or an English Canadians . It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in the Southwestern states and in Mexico ; German speakers ( Amish ) in North Dakota , Ohio , and Pennsylvania ; and French speakers in Canada , New England and Louisiana . This usage originated in the discussion of the history of English-speaking people of the United States and the Spanish-speaking people residing in the western United States during the Mexican -- American War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b19f3a44123b074a24030c5dcc380985", "text": "Anglo-Saxon law Anglo-Saxon law ( Old English ǣ , later lagu `` law '' ; dōm `` decree , judgement '' ) is a body of written rules and customs that were in place during the Anglo-Saxon period in England , before the Norman conquest . This body of law , along with early Scandinavian law and Germanic law , descended from a family of ancient Germanic custom and legal thought . However , Anglo-Saxon law codes are distinct from other early Germanic legal statements - known as the leges barbarorum - in part because they were written in Anglo-Saxon , instead of in Latin . The laws of the Anglo-Saxons were the second in medieval Western Europe after those of the Irish to be expressed in a language other than Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97021b90fbc17f96fa359d1ce250954b", "text": "Language Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000 . However , any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects . Natural languages are spoken or signed , but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory , visual , or tactile stimuli -- for example , in whistling , signed , or braille . This is because human language is modality-independent . Depending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning , when used as a general concept , `` language '' may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication , or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems , or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules . All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings . Oral , manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes , and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances . Human language has the properties of productivity and displacement , and relies entirely on social convention and learning . Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication . Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems , acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality . This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume , and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions . Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain , but especially in Broca 's and Wernicke 's areas . Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood , and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old . The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture . Therefore , in addition to its strictly communicative uses , language also has many social and cultural uses , such as signifying group identity , social stratification , as well as social grooming and entertainment . Languages evolve and diversify over time , and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur . A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes languages as diverse as English , Russian and Hindi ; the Sino-Tibetan family , which includes Mandarin , Bodo and the other Chinese languages , and Tibetan ; the Afro-Asiatic family , which includes Arabic , Somali , and Hebrew ; the Bantu languages , which include Swahili , and Zulu , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa ; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages , which include Indonesian , Malay , Tagalog , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific . The languages of the Dravidian family that are spoken mostly in Southern India include Tamil and Telugu . Academic consensus holds that between 50 % and 90 % of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53db0c973d35f3ca03f575e654759799", "text": "Law French Law French is an archaic language originally based on Old Norman and Anglo-Norman , but increasingly influenced by Parisian French and , later , English . It was used in the law courts of England , beginning with the Norman Conquest by William the Conqueror . Its use continued for several centuries in the courts of England and Ireland . Although Law French as a narrative legal language is obsolete , many individual Law French terms continue to be used by lawyers and judges in common law jurisdictions ( see the section `` Survivals in modern legal terminology '' , below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dcd2d0249de02443db7d565b0f15d8f", "text": "History of the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world . It is the standard script of the English language and is often referred to simply as `` the alphabet '' in English . It is a true alphabet which originated in the 7th century BC in Italy and has changed continually over the last 2500 years . It has roots in the Semitic alphabet and its offshoot alphabets , the Phoenician , Greek , and Etruscan . The phonetic values of some letters changed , some letters were lost and gained , and several writing styles ( `` hands '' ) developed . Two such styles , the minuscule and majuscule hands , were combined into one script with alternate forms for the lower and upper case letters . Due to classicism , modern uppercase letters differ only slightly from their classical counterparts . There are few regional variants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66db049c05088370031e9e6d450604f", "text": "English writing style An English writing style is a way of using the English language . The style of a piece of writing is the way in which features of the language are used to convey meaning , typically but not always within the constraints of more widely accepted conventions of usage , grammar , and speling . An individual 's writing style may be a very personal thing . Organizations that employ writers or commission written work from individuals may require that writers conform to a standardized style defined by the organization . This allows a consistent readability of composite works produced by many authors , and promotes usability of , for example , references to other cited works . In many kinds of professional writing aiming for effective transfer of information , adherence to a standardised style of writing helps readers make sense of what the writer is presenting . Many standardised styles are documented in style guides . Some styles are more widely used , others restricted to a particular journal . Adherence to no particular style is also a style in its own right ; some may think it undesirable , others not .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bebd834df22998ee423a10d28148ad17", "text": "Spanish language Spanish ( castellano ) -- is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain , with hundreds of millions of native speakers around the world . It is usually considered the world 's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese . It is one of the few languages to use inverted question and exclamation marks ( ¿ and ¡ , respectively ) . Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages , which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century . The oldest Latin texts which show traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century , and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo , then capital of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century . Beginning in the early 16th century , Spanish was taken to the colonies of the Spanish Empire , most notably to the Americas , as well as territories in Africa , Oceania and the Philippines . Around 75 % of modern Spanish is derived from Latin . Greek has also contributed substantially to Spanish vocabulary , especially through Latin , on which it had a great impact . Spanish vocabulary has been in contact from an early date with Arabic , having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula . With around 8 % of its vocabulary being Arabic in origin , this language is the second most important influence after Latin . It has also been influenced by Basque as well as by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages . It also adopted words from non-Iberian languages such as Gothic language from the Visigoths in which many Spanish names and surnames have a Visigothic origin . It has absorbed vocabulary from other languages , particularly the Romance languages French , Italian , Occitan , and Sardinian , as well as from Nahuatl , Quechua , and other indigenous languages of the Americas . Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations . It is also used as an official language by the European Union , the Organization of American States , the Union of South American Nations , the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and by many other international organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6dce71528c82b7854dabab323763e4e", "text": "Renaissance Latin Renaissance Latin is a name given to the distinctive form of Latin style developed during the European Renaissance of the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries , particularly by the Renaissance humanism movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ff45ca4d3eb19bb68d7d12c441c6c00", "text": "Latin Europe Latin Europe may refer to : Romance-speaking Europe , the areas of Europe where Romance languages are spoken Legacy of the Roman Empire , the cultural and religious legacy of the Roman Empire and its distribution Western Christianity , the areas of Europe where Latin was used as the liturgical language of the church during the Middle Ages", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c115d1e20639a90106753faf8877d97", "text": "Latin poetry The history of Latin poetry can be understood as the adaptation of Greek models . The verse comedies of Plautus are considered the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature and are estimated to have been composed around 205-184 BC . The start of Latin literature is conventionally dated to the first performance of a play in verse by a Greek slave , Livius Andronicus , at Rome in 240 BC . Livius translated Greek New Comedy for Roman audiences , using meters that were basically those of Greek drama , modified to the needs of Latin . His successors Plautus and Terence further refined the borrowings from the Greek stage and the prosody of their verse is substantially the same as for classical Latin verse . The traditional meter of Greek epic , the dactylic hexameter , was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius ( 239-169 BC ) , virtually a contemporary of Livius , who substituted it for the jerky Saturnian meter in which Livius had been composing epic verses . Ennius moulded a poetic diction and style suited to the imported hexameter , providing a model for ` classical ' poets such as Virgil and Ovid . The late republic saw the emergence of Neoteric Poets , notably Catullusrich young men from the Italian provinces , conscious of metropolitan sophistication , and looking to the scholarly Alexandrian poet Callimachus for inspiration . Catullus shared the Alexandrian 's preference for short poems and wrote within a variety of meters borrowed from Greece , including Aeolian forms such as hendecasyllabic verse , the Sapphic stanza and Greater Asclepiad , as well as iambic verses such as the choliamb and the iambic tetrameter catalectic ( a dialogue meter borrowed from Old Comedy ) . Horace , whose career crossed the divide between republic and empire , followed Catullus ' lead in employing Greek lyrical forms , identifying with Alcaeus of Mytilene , composing Alcaic stanzas , and also with Archilochus , composing poetic invectives in the Iambus tradition ( in which he adopted the metrical form of the Epode or ` Iambic Distich ' ) . Horace was a contemporary of Virgil and , like the epic poet , he wrote verses in dactylic hexameter , but in a conversational and epistolary style . Virgil 's hexameters are generally regarded as `` the supreme metrical system of Latin literature . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef793e492309a4d59a576db45ee3c44b", "text": "Trinidadian English Trinidadian English ( TE ) or Trinidad and Tobago Standard English is a dialect of English used in Trinidad and Tobago . TE co-exists with both non-standard varieties of English as well as other dialects , namely Trinidadian Creole in Trinidad and Tobagonian Creole in Tobago . Both islands as one consider the dialect as Trinbagonian Creole . Trinidadian English was originally based on a standard of British English . Located in the Americas , TE now uses many Americanisms , including apartment and trunk ( of a car ) . It is understandable by speakers of international standard English , although it uses a number of terms that are unique to it ( perhaps coming from Trinidadian Creole ) , such as `` to lime '' , meaning `` to hang out '' . Speech in Trinidad ( and , to some degree , in Tobago ) may vary by location and circumstance and is often remarked for its `` sing-song '' ( i.e. a rising and falling inflection ) intonation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9529739778594bf959d82996ecc4282", "text": "American and British English spelling differences Many of the differences between American and British English date back to a time when spelling standards had not yet developed . For instance , some spellings seen as `` American '' today were once commonly used in Britain and some spellings seen as `` British '' were once commonly used in the United States . A `` British standard '' began to emerge following the 1755 publication of Samuel Johnson 's A Dictionary of the English Language , and an `` American standard '' started following the work of Noah Webster and in particular his An American Dictionary of the English Language , first published in 1828 . Webster 's efforts at spelling reform were somewhat effective in his native country , resulting in certain well-known patterns of spelling differences between the American and British varieties of English . But English-language spelling reform has rarely been adopted otherwise , and thus modern English orthography varies somewhat between countries and is far from phonemic in any country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e4ed5200ba3857f8e1e560bb2bb90a2", "text": "Translating \"law\" to other European languages The translation of `` law '' to other European languages faces several difficulties . In most European languages , as well as some others influenced by European languages , there are two different words that can be translated to English as `` law '' . For the general comparison in this article the Latin terms `` ius '' and `` lex '' will be used . Etymologically , ius has some relation to right , just or straight .", "title": "" } ]	fever
370f8f7e5dab574b6caf6be536e7ce34	Lee Child is a thriller novelist.	[ { "docid": "c894d193fc8e6b90c3791ffda174f69d", "text": "Lee Child James D. `` Jim '' Grant ( born 29 October 1954 ) , better known by his pen name Lee Child , is a British author who writes thriller novels . He is especially known for his Jack Reacher novel series . The books follow the adventures of a former American military policeman , Jack Reacher , who wanders the United States . His first novel , Killing Floor , won both the Anthony Award , and the Barry Award for Best First Novel .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a505187c92271bb6d0fc04902b33785d", "text": "Len Deighton Leonard Cyril Deighton ( -LSB- ˈdiːtən -RSB- born 18 February 1929 ) , known as Len Deighton , is a British author . Deighton is considered one of the top three spy novelists of his time ( along with Ian Fleming and John le Carré ) . In addition he is a highly acclaimed military historian , cookery writer , and graphic artist . The IPCRESS File ( 1962 ) , his first novel , was an instant bestseller and broke the mould of thriller writing . The Sunday Times dubbed him `` the poet of the spy story '' . Deighton 's first protagonist -- a nameless spy christened Harry Palmer in the films -- was made famous worldwide in the iconic 1960s films starring Michael Caine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "686ec5e5fb96ba339b9193eda33e23fc", "text": "Wednesday's Child (novel) Wednesday 's Child is the sixth novel by Canadian detective fiction writer Peter Robinson in the multi award-winning Inspector Banks series of novels . The novel was first printed in 1992 , but has been reprinted a number of times since . It was the first of Robinson 's novels to be shortlisted for the Edgar Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ad43bc68c5b81ad058cdd5ea216de17", "text": "The Child Garden The Child Garden is a 1989 science fiction novel by Geoff Ryman . It won both the Arthur C. Clarke Award and the John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 1990 . The novel is structured as two books with a brief introduction . The first book was originally published in two parts as `` Love Sickness '' in the Summer and Autumn 1987 editions of the British science fiction magazine Interzone . It won the 1988 BFSA Award and placed 8th in the Locus Poll Award for Best Novella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f60ae3d4eb597f5e565a33cf9a09b02d", "text": "Lee Montgomery Elliott `` Lee '' Harcourt Montgomery ( born November 3 , 1961 ) is a former Canadian-American child actor best known for his role as a lonely little boy who befriends a pack of killer rats in the film Ben ( 1972 ) and for his role as Sarah Jessica Parker 's hunky dance partner , Jeff Malone , in Girls Just Want to Have Fun ( 1985 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d8439b41da58960772e47cd57a93c82", "text": "Child's Play (novel) Child 's Play is a novel by the British-Asian author Kia Abdullah , and is due for release by Revenge Ink publishers on 4 December 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2073e4d617f1f65fe623dc144f6b0b6a", "text": "Landlocked (novel) Landlocked ( 1965 ) is the fourth novel in British Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Doris Lessing five volume , semi-autobiographical , series , Children of Violence . The first volume is Martha Quest ( 1952 ) , and the others are , A Proper Marriage ( 1954 ) , A Ripple from the Storm ( 1958 ) , and The Four-Gated City ( 1969 ) . The Children of Violence series , follows the life of protagonist Martha Quest `` from girlhood to middle age '' . This is the last of the series that is set in southern Africa : `` The time is the last few months of a war that had not only ruined Europe but had flooded a message of equality even into this backwater . Some of the white people have already sensed the imminence of change : they could never again unthinkingly hold down this corner of Africa for themselves and their heirs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f63d2c349fe80ff32a14478699553468", "text": "Carol Ann Lee Carol Ann Lee ( born 1969 ) is an English author and biographer who has written extensively on Anne Frank , the Holocaust and on the crimes of Moors Murderers Myra Hindley and Ian Brady . Her tenth book , Evil Relations ( 2012 ) , was nominated for the CWA Gold Dagger Award for Non-Fiction . Written in conjunction with David Smith , chief prosecution witness in the Moors Murders case it details , for the first time , Smith 's story in full . In 2012 Lee published A Fine Day for a Hanging , a reexamination of Ruth Ellis 's life story and the facts surrounding her trial for the murder of David Blakely and subsequent execution . She is currently published by Mainstream Publishing , an associate of Random House . Carol Ann was born in Wakefield , West Riding of Yorkshire . She studied History of Art and Design at university in Manchester and then followed her early interest , interviewing Holocaust survivors and working at the Manchester Jewish Museum . Her first book was published three years later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae6789f3bab44b3489279b2d6ac404b", "text": "Worth Dying For (novel) Worth Dying For is the fifteenth book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child . It was published on 30 September 2010 in the United Kingdom and was published on 19 October 2010 in the USA . It is written in the third person .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef514fdffd66cb36a3b86abfb146bd5", "text": "Children of Violence The Children of Violence is a series of five semi-autobiographical novels by British Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Doris Lessing : Martha Quest ( 1952 ) , A Proper Marriage ( 1954 ) , A Ripple from the Storm ( 1958 ) , Landlocked ( 1965 ) , and The Four-Gated City ( 1969 ) . The series follows the life of the protagonist Martha Quest from adolescence until her death , which takes place in the future , in the year 1997 . The first four novels are set during the 1930s and 1940s , in the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia , now Zimbabwe , in southern Africa , where Lessing lived from 1925 until 1949 . The fifth work , The Four-Gated City , is a science fiction dystopia set in London , from the 1950s into a future where World War Three takes place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8789e98e037e203cb47a67a628f4a2dd", "text": "Lees (fermentation) Lees refers to deposits of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate , or are carried by the action of `` fining '' , to the bottom of a vat of wine after fermentation and aging . The yeast deposits in beer brewing are known as trub . However , yeast deposits from secondary fermentation of both wine and beer are referred to as lees . This material is the source for most commercial tartaric acid , which is used in cooking and in organic chemistry . Normally the wine is transferred to another container ( racking ) , leaving this sediment behind . Some wines ( notably Chardonnay , Champagne and Muscadet ) are sometimes aged for a time on the lees ( a process known as sur lie ) , leading to a distinctive yeasty aroma and taste . The lees may be stirred ( bâtonage in French ) in order to promote uptake of the lees ' flavour . The lees are an important component in the making of Ripasso where the leftover lees from Amarone are used to impart more flavour and colour to partially aged Valpolicella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9ccb730a11e1cd046a6c8e4b1091779", "text": "The Child in Time The Child in Time ( 1987 ) is a novel by Ian McEwan . It won the Whitbread Novel Award for that year . The story concerns Stephen , an author of children 's books , and his wife , two years after the kidnapping of their three-year-old daughter Kate . Author Christopher Hitchens viewed the novel as McEwan 's masterpiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30c39d07de216a79446b0740ad199e29", "text": "Lee Smith (fiction author) Lee Smith ( born November 1 , 1944 ) is an American fiction author who typically incorporates much of her background from the Southeastern United States in her works . She has received writing awards , such as the O. Henry Award , the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award for Fiction , the North Carolina Award for Literature , and , in April 2013 , was the first recipient of Mercer University 's Sidney Lanier Prize for Southern Literature . Her novel The Last Girls was listed on the New York Times bestseller 's list and won the Southern Book Critics Circle Award . Mrs Darcy and the Blue-Eyed Stranger , a collection of new and selected stories , was published in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9825a6fe605bf5c5710d5b6a28fa7c86", "text": "Children of the Thunder Children of the Thunder is a 1988 science fiction novel by John Brunner . The novel explores several themes : environment degradation of the modern world ( which Brunner believed was shortening his own life ) , paternal irresponsibility ( in the form of accepting cash for donating sperm to a sperm bank ) , and conservative ( fascist ) tendencies in British politics . The latter may reflect that the book was written during the Thatcher years . Like other Brunner books , the novel lacks cohesiveness in various ways , and is best read as a series of interconnected vignettes , each of which explores the above themes in a different context , with a culminating scene at the end of the book which is frightening in various ways , including a partial role reversal of the protagonist and villain . In those terms , the book can be seen as an attack of the author on excessive sexual freedom of men gained in the so-called sexual revolution . While sexual fulfillment itself is not demonized , the book catalogs extensive collateral damage in the form of single mothers and offspring not properly cared for . But this is not a kind-hearted appeal for better support systems for these people : they just might counterattack their oppressors which is to say the parents who abandoned ( or neglected ) them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa85904dfeff05a4c6601c1c0e1ef609", "text": "Out of the Darkness (Hinton novel) Out of the Darkness is a novel by British author Nigel Hinton . It was first published in 1998 and tells the story of a boy named Liam and a girl named Leila who were joined by fate and journey together .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b07a8a2450ed4f2259e79ed6c81a88a", "text": "Make Me (novel) Make Me is the twentieth book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child . It was initially published on 8 September 2015 by Delacorte Press.It is written in the third person .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2639440ca43894e96ba7bff6e38c80cc", "text": "After (novel) After is a young adult novel written by Francine Prose . It was first published in 2003 , and the nearby school shooting is reminiscent of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 . After a school shooting 50 miles away , the new grief and crisis counselor ( Dr. Willner ) attempts to control the students ' lives , using the recent tragedy as an excuse for increasingly restricting their lives . The school gradually is controlled by the grip of the administration , and students who do not comply with the new rules disappear , never to be seen again . Its plot is reminiscent of Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell . Similarities include the normalization of propaganda and surveillance with the telescreens in 1984 and the TVs on school buses spouting so called educational content that turns out to be blatantly false . These novels also touch on brainwashing , with the nightly emails sent to parents that convince them to send their children away to reform camps from which they never return . In contrast , After takes place during the reforms , showing how they were allowed to happen , while 1984 only shows the aftermath and its inevitability . The ending of After also shows the main character ( Tom Bishop ) escaping his town with his friends and family , a much lighter closing than 1984 . Described in the New York Times Book Review as a `` rich parable '' , this novel questions the line that must be drawn when freedom is more important than safety .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4435f5b8ed4ff96bba2412383b8afef5	Apple's founder was Steve Jobs.	[ { "docid": "be5d559ffe23423212a948b54144a47c", "text": "Steve Jobs Steven Paul Jobs ( -LSB- ˈdʒɒbz -RSB- February 24 , 1955 -- October 5 , 2011 ) was an American entrepreneur , businessman , inventor , and industrial designer . He was the co-founder , chairman , and chief executive officer ( CEO ) of Apple Inc. ; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar ; a member of The Walt Disney Company 's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar ; and founder , chairman , and CEO of NeXT . Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s . Jobs was born in San Francisco to Syrian parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth ; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s . Jobs briefly attended Reed College in 1972 before dropping out . He then decided to travel through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism . Jobs 's declassified FBI report stated that an acquaintance knew that Jobs had used the illegal drugs marijuana and LSD while he was in college . Jobs once told a reporter that taking LSD was `` one of the two or three most important things '' he did in his life . Jobs and Wozniak co-founded Apple in 1976 to sell Wozniak 's Apple I personal computer . The visionaries gained fame and wealth a year later for the Apple II , one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers . In 1979 , after a tour of PARC , Jobs saw the commercial potential of the Xerox Alto , which was mouse-driven and had a graphical user interface ( GUI ) . This led to development of the unsuccessful Apple Lisa in 1983 , followed by the breakthrough Macintosh in 1984 . In addition to being the first mass-produced computer with a GUI , the Macintosh introduced the sudden rise of the desktop publishing industry in 1985 with the addition of the Apple LaserWriter , the first laser printer to feature vector graphics . Following a long power struggle , Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985 . After leaving Apple , Jobs took a few of its members with him to found NeXT , a computer platform development company specializing in state-of-the-art computers for higher-education and business markets . In addition , Jobs helped to initiate the development of the visual effects industry when he funded the spinout of the computer graphics division of George Lucas 's Lucasfilm in 1986 . The new company , Pixar , would eventually produce the first fully computer-animated film , Toy Story -- an event made possible in part because of Jobs 's financial support . In 1997 , Apple merged with NeXT . Within a few months of the merger , Jobs became CEO of his former company , reviving Apple at the verge of bankruptcy . Beginning in 1997 with the `` Think different '' advertising campaign , Jobs worked closely with designer Jonathan Ive to develop a line of products that would have larger cultural ramifications : the iMac , iTunes and iTunes Store , Apple Store , iPod , iPhone , App Store , and the iPad . Mac OS was also revamped into OS X ( renamed `` macOS '' in 2016 ) , based on NeXT 's NeXTSTEP platform . Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in 2003 and died on October 5 , 2011 , of respiratory arrest related to the tumor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f13532620c4a97dd6de2e0ca5fa10aa", "text": "Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino , California that designs , develops , and sells consumer electronics , computer software , and online services . The company 's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone , the iPad tablet computer , the Mac personal computer , the iPod portable media player , the Apple Watch smartwatch , and the Apple TV digital media player . Apple 's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems , the iTunes media player , the Safari web browser , and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites . Its online services include the iTunes Store , the iOS App Store and Mac App Store , Apple Music , and iCloud . Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell personal computers . It was incorporated as Apple Computer , Inc. in January 1977 , and sales of its computers saw significant momentum and revenue growth for the company . Within a few years , they had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line . Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success . Over the next few years , Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces , and Apple 's marketing commercials for its products received widespread critical acclaim . However , the high price tag of its products and limited software titles caused problems , as did power struggles between executives at the company . Jobs resigned from Apple and created his own company . As the market for personal computers increased , Apple 's computers saw diminishing sales due to lower-priced products from competitors , in particular those offered with the Microsoft Windows operating system . More executive job shuffles happened at Apple until then-CEO Gil Amelio in 1997 decided to buy Jobs ' company to bring him back . Jobs regained position as CEO , and began a process to rebuild Apple 's status , which included opening Apple 's own retail stores in 2001 , making numerous acquisitions of software companies to create a portfolio of software titles , and changed some of the hardware technology used in its computers . It again saw success and returned to profitability . In January 2007 , Jobs announced that Apple Computer , Inc. would be renamed Apple Inc. to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics , and announced the iPhone , which saw critical acclaim and significant financial success . In August 2011 , Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications , and Tim Cook became the new CEO . Two months later , Jobs died , marking the end of an era for the company . Apple is the world 's largest information technology company by revenue , and the world 's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung . In February 2015 , Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$ 700billion . The company employs 116,000 full-time employees and maintains 496 retail stores in 21 countries . It operates the iTunes Store , which is the world 's largest music retailer . , more than one billion Apple products are actively in use worldwide . Apple 's worldwide annual revenue totaled $ 215billion for the 2016 fiscal year . The company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and has been repeatedly ranked as the world 's most valuable brand . However , it receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices , including the origins of source materials .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "14a1fd71a4230cd0d8ff28577047b785", "text": "Tony Fadell Anthony Michael `` Tony '' Fadell ( born March 22 , 1969 ) is a Lebanese-American inventor , designer , entrepreneur , and angel investor . He served as the Senior Vice President of the iPod Division at Apple Inc. , from March 2006 to November 2008 and is known as `` one of the fathers of the iPod '' for his work on the first generations of Apple 's music player . In May 2010 , he founded Nest Labs , which announced its first product , the Nest Learning Thermostat , in October 2011 . Nest was acquired by Google in January 2014 for $ 3.2 B . Since early 2015 he led the Google Glass division , until his resignation in June 2016 . Fadell is an alumnus of Grosse Pointe South High School in Grosse Pointe Farms , Michigan . He graduated from the University of Michigan with a BS in Computer Engineering in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fcef6c9370619820948bc7eed17cebb", "text": "Glenn Henry (IT entrepreneur) Glenn Henry ( né Gaylord Glenn Henry ; born July 26 , 1942 Berkeley , California ) , is an American computer industry executive , cofounder of Centaur Technology , and inventor of computer technology at the advent and frontier era of the development of personal computers . He holds multiple patents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb2623b0125b785bb842c342601d0a5", "text": "Copland (operating system) Copland was a project at Apple Computer to create an updated version of the classic Macintosh operating system . It was to have introduced protected memory , preemptive multitasking and a number of new underlying operating system features , yet still be compatible with existing Mac software . As originally planned , a follow-up release known as Gershwin would add multithreading and other advanced features . Development began in 1994 and was underway in earnest by 1995 when the system started to be referred to as System 8 , and later , Mac OS 8 . It was the major topic of Apple 's WWDC in 1996 , where it was presented as the sole focus of the company 's development efforts . However , as the project gathered momentum a furious round of empire building began . New features began to be added more rapidly than they could be completed , including most of the items originally slated for Gershwin , along with a wide variety of otherwise unrelated projects from within the company . The completion date for the beta continued to slip into the future and several announced dates passed with no sign of a release . The press became highly critical of the project , and the company as a whole . In 1996 , Apple 's newest CEO , Gil Amelio , poached Ellen Hancock from National Semiconductor and put her in charge of engineering in an effort to try to get development back on track . She decided it was best to cancel the project outright and try to find a suitable third-party system to replace it . Development officially ended in August 1996 , and after a short search , they announced that Apple was buying NeXT in order to use their NeXTSTEP operating system as the basis of a new Mac OS . Hancock also suggested that Apple should work on improving the existing System 7 while the new system matured . This was released as Mac OS 8 in 1997 and was followed by Mac OS 9 in 1999 . The new operating system based on NeXTSTEP shipped in 2001 as Mac OS X. In 2008 , PC World named Copland on a list of the biggest project failures in IT history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a723277810ac15417028298455e59e8e", "text": "Susan Barnes (computing) Susan Kelly Barnes is an alumna of Apple Inc. . She was Controller of the Macintosh Division at Apple Computer . When Steve Jobs left Apple Computer in 1985 , she joined Jobs and other Apple managers to cofound NeXT Computer , Inc. . She served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of NeXT Computer from 1985 to 1991 . As NeXT 's Chief Financial Officer , Ms. Barnes helped raise significant funding that helped NeXT weather its slow start . The most notable transaction was a $ 100 million investment by Canon Inc. in 1989 for a 16.7 percent stake in NeXT . That gave NeXT an implied valuation of $ 600 million , astonishingly high for a company that was not yet shipping any products . After leaving NeXT Computer , Susan Barnes was Chief Financial Officer of Intuitive Surgical from 1997 to 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3aff62ac4f64a35e9e2013907cf9a9d", "text": "Bill Kincaid William S. `` Bill '' Kincaid ( born March 10 , 1956 ) is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur notable for creating the MP3 player SoundJam MP with Jeff Robbin that was eventually bought by Apple and renamed iTunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437089ed7e551a078f300d00d1efcda3", "text": "Haddock Corporation Haddock Corporation is an American consumer electronics and information technology consulting business based in Wichita , Kansas which operates two Haddock Computer Center retail locations . Founded as a software company , Haddock has been an Apple-authorized dealer and computer repair shop since 1984 , the year the Macintosh computer was released . Company founder and CEO Richard Haddock served on Apple 's reseller advisory board for over ten years . He is a member and one of the founders of the Apple Specialist Marketing Corporation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc891c56063765b29a106cabed39132c", "text": "Power Macintosh G3 (Blue & White) The Power Mac G3 series ( commonly known as the `` Blue and White G3 '' , or sometimes either as the `` B&W G3 '' , `` Yosemite G3 '' or `` Smurf Tower '' to distinguish it from the original Power Macintosh G3 ) is a short-lived series of personal computers designed , manufactured and sold by Apple Computer Inc. as part of their Power Macintosh line . It was introduced in January 1999 , succeeding the original `` beige '' Power Macintosh G3 , with which it shared the name and processor architecture but little else ; it was discontinued in favor of the Power Mac G4 line in August 1999 . The Blue & White G3 used a modified version of the memory/PCI controller , the Motorola MPC106 ( codenamed `` Grackle '' ) ; it used the MPC106 v4 . The I/O `` Heathrow '' had been replaced by `` Paddington '' ( adding 100 Mbit Ethernet and power save features ) , the audio chip `` Screamer '' ( on the beige G3 's `` Personality Card '' ) had been replaced by `` Burgundy '' , and other controllers for Firewire ( Texas Instruments PCI-Lynx ) , for USB etc. were added . Though still based on the PowerPC G3 architecture , the G3 B&W was a totally new design . The first new Power Mac model after the release of the iMac , it used a novel enclosure with the logic board on the folding `` door '' , which swung down onto the desk for easy access ( a design that was also used on all Power Mac G4 models except for the Cube ) , and borrowed the iMac 's blue-and-white color scheme . It also introduced the New World ROM to the Power Macintosh line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201049afae8a76586c855bab2e9ff46c", "text": "Power Macintosh 9500 The Power Macintosh 9500 ( the 132 MHz model is also known as Power Macintosh 9515 in Europe and Japan ) is a high-end Macintosh personal computer which was designed , manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from May 1 , 1995 until February 17 , 1997 . It was powered by a PowerPC 604 processor , a second-generation PowerPC chip which was faster than the earlier PowerPC 601 chip . The 180MP and 200 used the enhanced PowerPC 604e processor . The CPU was connected via a daughterboard , and so could be swapped easily . Available were single-processor cards ranging from 120 to 200 MHz , and a dual processor card with two 180 MHz CPUs . It was the first Macintosh to use the PCI standard , with six PCI slots available , with one always needed for the graphics card . The basic design of the logic board , called `` Tsunami '' , was used by various Macintosh clone makers as a reference design and a modified version was used in the non-Macintosh Apple Network Server series . The 9500 was superseded by the Power Macintosh 9600 in February 1997 . Utilizing a third party G4 CPU upgrade and the XPostFacto installation utility it is possible to run up to Mac OS X v10 .5 `` Leopard '' on a 9500 , making it the oldest model capable of running Mac OS X.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db1b7e9ed5a429e4e86cba06e63a62b", "text": "LisaProject LisaProject was the first graphical project management software . Developed for the Apple Lisa computer , LisaProject was conceived and implemented by Debra Willrett of SoloSoft and developed for Apple 's Lisa computer . This was the first GUI-based software application for project management . LisaProject was the first to simplify the project management process by allowing the user to interactively draw their project on the computer in the form of a PERT chart . Constraints could be entered for each task , and the relationships between tasks would show which ones had to be completed before a task could begin . Given the task constraints and relationships , a `` critical path '' , schedule and budget could be calculated dynamically using heuristic methods . Once this was complete , the schedule data could be viewed as a Gantt chart . In 1981 , Willrett realized that project management was a universal problem and that a GUI-based application would be a useful tool . She proposed what became LisaProject to Trip Hawkins at Apple . At the time , Apple was developing the Apple Lisa computer which had limited software . Although the Apple Lisa ultimately failed in the marketplace , its largest Lisa customer was NASA , which had used LisaProject for project management . In response to the demand for LisaProject from NASA and other customers , a new version called MacProject was made available with the first Macintosh release in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4304dcdf4f378e97c0286335a72d9df", "text": "Ripcord Networks Ripcord Networks was a voice and video cryptographic security company . Their headquarters was in San Mateo , California in the United States . Ripcord Networks was founded in 2003 . Board members included Steve Wozniak , Apple Computer 's co-founder ; John McAfee , McAfee Antivirus founder , Ellen Hancock , the former CEO of Exodus Communications , former CTO of Apple Computer , and former EVP of IBM . Ripcord 's founder and CEO was Alex Fielding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b4dc78671e96aa9693fcc35c9d19fb", "text": "Apple Lisa Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple , released on January 19 , 1983 . It was one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in a machine aimed at individual business users . Development of the Lisa began in 1978 , and it underwent many changes during the development period before shipping at the very high price of US$ 9,995 with a 5 MB hard drive . The high price , relatively low performance and unreliable `` Twiggy '' floppy disks led to poor sales , with only 100,000 units sold . In 1982 , after Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project , he joined the Macintosh project , at that time developing a much more limited machine with a task-switching interface . Jobs redirected the Macintosh team to build a cheaper and better Lisa , releasing it in January 1984 and quickly outstripping Lisa sales . Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably , but it failed to achieve favorable sales compared to the much less expensive Mac . The final revision of the Lisa , the Lisa 2/10 , was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL . Generally considered a failure , the Lisa nevertheless introduced a number of advanced features that would not re-appear on the Macintosh for a number of years . Among these was an operating system which featured protected memory and preemptive multitasking , and a more document-oriented workflow . The hardware itself was also much more advanced than the Macintosh , with a hard drive and support for up to 2 megabytes ( MB ) of RAM , expansion slots and a larger higher-resolution display . The main exception being that while the Macintosh also used the 68000 processor , the Macintosh initially used a version clocked at 7.89 Mhz , compared to the 5Mhz version used in the Lisa . The complexity of the Lisa operating system and its associated programs overtaxed the slower processor enough that users perceived it to be sluggish , particularly when scrolling in documents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea1d3667b745296500552792e8283043", "text": "IPod Touch The iPod Touch ( stylized and marketed as iPod touch ) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based . It can be used as a music and video player , digital camera , handheld game device , and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) . It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations , does not use cellular network data , and is therefore not a smartphone , though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the `` iPhone without a phone '' . Furthermore , it does not fit in Apple 's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases . As of May 2013 , 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold . It is also the most popular iPod model . iPod touch models are sold by storage space and color , with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features , processors , and performance , in addition to available operating system upgrades ; an exception was the fifth generation , as the low-end ( 16 GB ) model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera . The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model , released on July 15 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a56dcfed5fc397066fecd17a44e7d31", "text": "Pages (word processor) Pages is a word processor developed by Apple Inc. . It is part of the iWork productivity suite and runs on the macOS and iOS operating systems . The first version of Pages was announced on January 11 , 2005 , and was released one month later . The most recent Macintosh version , Pages 6.1.1 , was last updated on April 25 , 2017 . Pages is marketed by Apple as an easy-to-use application that allows users to quickly create documents on their devices . A number of Apple-designed templates comprising different themes ( such as letters , résumés , posters , and outlines ) , are included with Pages . Many advanced features that were available in version 4.3 , including mail merge , bookmarks , text box linking , advanced find/replace , alternating left-right margins ( along with alternating left-right headers and footers ) , 2-up `` page spread '' viewing , non-contiguous text selection , and robust Applescript support were not included in version 5 . Also , many of the templates available in version 4.3 have been removed in version 5 , but some templates can be found on other locations . For instance , there 's a free screenplay template for Apple Pages which has been compiled according to Final Draft 's Cole & Haag standard . See external link below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4775e3c73104242882108a6686050a2f", "text": "Power Macintosh 5000 series The Power Macintosh 5000 series is a series of all-in-one ( meaning the cases feature an integrated monitor ) personal computers that are a part of Apple Computer 's Macintosh LC , Power Macintosh and Macintosh Performa series of Macintosh computers . The Power Macintosh 5200 LC was introduced in April 1995 with a PowerPC 603 CPU at 75 MHz as a PowerPC-based replacement of the Macintosh LC 500 series . Later models switched to the PowerPC 603e CPU and used model numbers above 5260 , but kept the same motherboard design . Unlike previous education models , which prepended the model number with `` LC '' , the 5200 series uses the Power Macintosh designation of Apple 's main workstation line of the time and appends the LC to the end of the model name . All models in the 5xxx series featured an integrated 15-inch ( 12.8 '' viewable ) monitor . The 5200 series is closely related to the 6200 series , which features the same logic boards in desktop cases without integrated monitors . This means that it also shares the 6200 's massive and confusing number of model designations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39a495ce875c2d5d7dfe624ea20eed48", "text": "Acorn Computers Acorn Computers Ltd. was a British computer company established in Cambridge , England , in 1978 . The company produced a number of computers which were especially popular in the UK , including the Acorn Electron and the Acorn Archimedes . Acorn 's BBC Micro computer dominated the UK educational computer market during the 1980s . It is more known for its computer than for its other products . Though the company was broken up into several independent operations in 1998 , its legacy includes the development of reduced instruction set computing ( RISC ) personal computers . One of its operating systems , , continues to be developed by RISC OS Open . Some of Acorn 's former subsidiaries lived on : ARM Holdings technology is dominant in the mobile phone and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) microprocessor market . Acorn is sometimes referred to as the `` British Apple '' and has been compared to Fairchild Semiconductor for being a catalyst for start-ups . In 2010 , the company was listed by David Meyer in ZDNet as number nine in a feature of top ten fallen `` Dead IT giants '' . Many British IT professionals gained their early experiences on Acorns , which were often more technically advanced than commercially successful US hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "814ecdb47bca44d9c85fc9120054ca5d", "text": "Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus . It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard . It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests . The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81d1c0a96c18bb9fc561f937ca730ab0", "text": "MacX MacX is a display server implementation supporting the X11 display server protocol that ran on System 7 , Mac OS 8 , and Mac OS 9 . It also ran under A/UX . Prior to X11R4 and the introduction of the PowerPC-based Power Macintosh , this server was developed internally by Apple Inc. for the Motorola 68000 based Macintoshes . MacX was initially developed within the Networking and Communications organization as one component of the Apple DEC Alliance suite of products , but later was moved to Apple 's A/UX group since X11 was ( and is ) an important part of UNIX user interfaces . Versions supporting X11R4 and X11R5 were developed for Apple by a small team of engineers at AGE Logic , Inc. , a San Diego , California company . AGE also OEMed the MacX software under the trade name XoftWare for Macintosh . Apple provided early versions of the Power Macintosh to AGE Logic , and the result was a binary that supported both the Power Macintosh as well as earlier , 68000-based systems . AGE Logic was later acquired by a Silicon Valley company named NetManage in the mid-1990s . NetManage was headquartered directly across the street from Apple in Cupertino , California . XoftWare for Macintosh was merged into NetManage 's product offering for the Macintosh , which included a wide variety of standalone Internet desktop applications ( e.g. , telnet , archie search engine , gopher protocol , FTP ) , along with various software titles , mainly terminal emulators that were acquired by AGE Logic when it purchased Pacer Software earlier in the decade . By 1998 , Apple had discontinued MacX as it transitioned from the classic Mac OS to the Unix-like Mac OS X , which had ample support for X11 ( earlier versions of Mac OS X did not directly support X11 , but as of Mac OS X v10 .3 , X11.app has been made available directly from Apple ) . NetManage disbanded its Macintosh group earlier , around 1996 , and as a result , discontinued support of XoftWare for Macintosh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57c7dada6d9d202fde1e31f3d14231ea", "text": "Bill Fernandez Bill Fernandez is a user interface architect and inventor who was Apple Computer 's first employee when they incorporated in 1977 and is Apple employee # 4 . He worked on both the Apple I and Apple II personal computers , and in the 1980s was a member of the Apple Macintosh development team . He contributed to several user interface aspects of the classic Mac OS , QuickTime and HyperCard and owns a user interface patent granted in 1994 . He is also credited with introducing fellow Homestead High School student Steve Jobs to his friend ( and Homestead alum ) Steve Wozniak to each other . Fernandez is portrayed by the actor Victor Rasuk in the 2013 film Jobs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "535aea78e427557260c7a6179ed8bccc", "text": "New York (typeface) New York is a transitional serif typeface designed in 1983 for the Macintosh computer by Susan Kare , and re-worked in 1988 by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes . The typeface was the standard bitmap serif font for the early Macintosh operating systems . Originally titled `` Ardmore '' , it was renamed to New York before its initial release as part of the `` World Class Cities '' naming scheme by Apple Computer cofounder Steve Jobs . Designed as a bitmap face , New York was later released in TrueType format , though the design differed from the bitmap version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d01d78f99b201ad1a473bd025c3782", "text": "Steve Forbes Malcolm Stevenson `` Steve '' Forbes , Jr. ( -LSB- fɔrbz -RSB- born July 18 , 1947 ) is an American publishing executive , who was twice a candidate for the nomination of the Republican Party for President . Forbes is the Editor-in-Chief of Forbes , a business magazine . Forbes was a Republican candidate in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential primaries . Forbes is the son of longtime Forbes publisher Malcolm Forbes , and the grandson of that publication 's founder , B.C. Forbes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
137a1a88c86e33c9e4dafef4421b01c3	Dr. Dre's label has a name.	[ { "docid": "1c13c654bd872c90a5c33604e45fd7ac", "text": "Aftermath Entertainment Aftermath Entertainment is an American record label founded by hip hop producer and rapper Dr. Dre . It operates as a subsidiary of , and is distributed through , Universal Music Group 's Interscope Records . Current acts include Dr. Dre himself , Eminem , Kendrick Lamar , Anderson Paak , Jon Connor and Justus with former acts including 50 Cent , Busta Rhymes , The Game , Raekwon , Eve , Rakim and many others . The label 's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of platinum or higher on 18 of its 22 released albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be21f7611c1e7ef8e1b388431e59177e", "text": "Dr. Dre Andre Romelle Young ( born February 18 , 1965 ) , better known by his stage name Dr. Dre , is an American rapper , record producer , and entrepreneur . He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics . Dre was previously the co-owner of , and an artist on , Death Row Records . He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers , including 2Pac , The D.O.C. , Snoop Dogg , Eminem , Xzibit , Knoc-turn ` al , 50 Cent , The Game and Kendrick Lamar . He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk , a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow , heavy beats . In 2014 , Dr. Dre was ranked as the second richest figure in the American hip hop scene by Forbes with a net worth of $ 550 million ; he is at the top of the 2015 Forbes list , with an estimated pre-tax take of $ 620 million in 2014 . Dre began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin ' Cru and later found fame with the influential gangsta rap group N.W.A with Eazy-E , Ice Cube , MC Ren , and DJ Yella , which popularized the use of explicit lyrics in rap to detail the violence of street life . His 1992 solo debut The Chronic , released under Death Row Records , led him to become one of the best-selling American performing artists of 1993 and to win a Grammy Award for the single `` Let Me Ride '' . That same year he produced Death Row labelmate Snoop Dogg 's quadruple platinum debut Doggystyle , and even molded artists into top-notch producers such as his step-brother Warren G , which led to his Multi-Platinum debut Regulate ... G Funk Era in 1994 , and Snoop Dogg 's cousin Daz Dillinger which led to the double platinum debut album Dogg Food by Tha Dogg Pound in 1995 . In 1996 , he left Death Row Records to establish his own label , Aftermath Entertainment . He produced a compilation album titled Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath in 1996 , and released a solo album titled 2001 in 1999 . During the 2000s , he focused on production for other artists , while occasionally contributing vocals to songs . Dr. Dre signed Eminem in 1998 and 50 Cent in 2002 to his record label respectively , while contributing production on their albums . He has won six Grammy Awards , including Producer of the Year . Dr. Dre has also had acting roles in movies such as Set It Off , The Wash and Training Day . Rolling Stone ranked Dre at 56 on their list of `` 100 Greatest Artists of All-Time '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "029fc8a9fc4ca4e1fca057d080e3f7df", "text": "Business as Usual (EPMD album) Business as Usual is the third album from Hip Hop duo EPMD , released December 18 , 1990 and their first on leading rap label Def Jam as a result of being signed over ( along with Nice & Smooth ) from their former label , Fresh Records . This album was also the first release by Def Jam as an imprint under its new Rush Associated Labels subsidiary , which allowed founder Russell Simmons more control and more ownership over its material , as the masters for proper Def Jam releases at that time were primarily owned by Sony Music 's Columbia Records . Business as Usual was not as acclaimed as their first two albums , but was not considered to be a failure either . One notable aspect here was the debut of future Hip Hop star Redman , who appears on the tracks `` Hardcore '' and `` Brothers on My Jock '' . Three singles were released from the album , `` Gold Digger '' , `` Rampage ( Slow Down , Baby ) '' featuring LL Cool J and `` Give the People '' . In 1998 , the album was selected as one of The Source 's 100 Best Rap Albums . The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on May 7 , 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96dea9fc285ae0262ee3d264e2cc365e", "text": "First Round Knock Out First Round Knock Out is a compilation by rapper/producer , Dr. Dre . The album was released in 1996 for Triple X Records and was mostly produced by Dr. Dre , as well as Cold 187um and Chris `` The Glove '' Taylor , who produced one song each . Artists featured on the album include Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , The D.O.C. , Kokane , Michel ` le , Rose Royce , Jimmy Z and the World Class Wreckin ' Cru . First Round Knock Out managed to make it to # 52 on the Billboard 200 and # 18 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3938a70b8464bed9c34c9899ed500676", "text": "Top Dawg Entertainment Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) is an American independent record label founded in 2004 , by chief executive officer ( CEO ) Anthony `` Top Dawg '' Tiffith . Dave `` Miyatola '' Free and Terrence `` Punch '' Henderson are the co-presidents of TDE . There are currently eight artists signed to the label , Isaiah Rashad , SZA , Lance Skiiiwalker and SiR , as well as the flagship artists , Black Hippy members , Kendrick Lamar , Jay Rock , ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul . The label also houses a production division that includes Digi + Phonics , THC , and King Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb01292677c7c97c4e87db6da3923cce", "text": "Dre discography This is the discography of the producer/rapper Dre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2beb645f3c920513e01707fa3131e10d", "text": "Indie hip-hop Indie hip hop ( short for independent hip hop ) is hip hop that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene . The term underground hip hop may be used to describe both indie hip hop ( which is defined by its artists being unsigned or signed to independent record labels , rather than major record labels ) as well as alternative hip hop ( which is defined by music that diverges from mainstream hip hop music such as Gangsta rap . ) As the term `` indie hip hop '' is indicative of the musicians making the music rather than the music itself , it is not strictly a genre but rather covers a range of styles with clearly discernable hip hop characteristics . Like indie rock artists , many indie hip hop artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers , releasing albums on independent record labels ( sometimes their own ) and relying on touring , word-of-mouth , and air play on independent or college radio stations for promotion . Some of its more popular artists , however , may end up moving to major labels , though often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success . Independent hip hop labels include Babygrande Records , Definitive Jux , Nature Sounds Records and Strange Famous Records . Notable indie hip hop artists include 7L & Esoteric , Bronze Nazareth , Chief Kamachi , Lord Jamar , Mr. Lif , Jedi Mind Tricks , OuterSpace , The Perceptionists , WMR Music Group and The Society of Invisibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f195e9d0d38a116900df5939dfaed022", "text": "Authorized generics Authorized generics are prescription drugs produced by brand pharmaceutical companies and marketed under a private label , at generic prices . Authorized generics compete with generic products in that they are identical to their brand counterpart in both active and inactive ingredients ; whereas according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 's Office of Generic Drugs , generic drugs are required to contain only the identical active ingredients as the brand . Authorized generics compete with generics on price , quality and availability in the generic marketplace , and are marketed to consumers during and after what is commonly known as `` the 180-day exclusivity period '' . In 2011 the FTC issued a final report on authorized generics ( following its 2009 interim report ) that showed that when innovator companies launched authorized generics during the 180 day exclusivity period granted to the first generic company to file an ANDA , prices were significantly lower that when there was no authorized generic and no competition , thus benefiting consumers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c60907d85d35cbc9ca48d6b463ba4ee", "text": "Black Mafia Life Black Mafia Life is the second studio album by American hip hop group Above the Law.This Album Is What Would Be Considered The Blue Print Sound Similar To Dr Dre 's The Chronic.The Sound What would be later Named as G-Funk by 2pac . Recorded in 1991 into 1992 but was held back due Legal Issues With Epic And Dr. Dre 's Departure from Ruthless Records . It was released on February 2 , 1993 via Ruthless Records . The album peaked at number 6 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and number 37 on the US Billboard 200 . Rolling Stone gave the album 4.5 stars of 5 . As on the group 's previous works , Livin ' Like Hustlers and Vocally Pimpin ' , this album 's audio production was mostly handled by A.T.L. themselves , but this one excluded any contributions from Lay Law . It featured guest appearances from Kokane , Eazy-E , 2pac , MC Ren , and Digital Underground . Its lead single `` V.S.O.P. '' peaked at number 9 on the Hot Rap Singles and number 97 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks . Above the Law member Go Mack left the group after release of this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e34bb392f6dcc94cc5fc0838aeb9d36", "text": "Hip-O Records Hip-O Records is a record label that specializes in reissues and compilations . It is part of Universal Music Group . Established in 1996 , the label has distributed releases from ` out of style ' genres such as disco and early hip-hop music as well as publishing film soundtracks . The label 's name is a pun on the name ` hippo ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "392c47745a15b4c214eb24366c7933b8", "text": "Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath Dr. Dre Presents ... The Aftermath is a compilation album produced and released by American rapper and producer , Dr. Dre . The album was released on November 26 , 1996 , a week after the release of the lead single , `` East Coast , West Coast , Killas '' featuring Group Therapy . The album is Dre 's first release after leaving Death Row Records , and was the first release on his then newly established Aftermath Entertainment . In spite of Dr. Dre 's name being on the album , and it being certified platinum , it received mixed reviews and was not amongst the year 's more commercially successful releases . The album was later followed by the second single , the Dr. Dre solo track `` Been There , Done That '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df58b5190fce90bb96713b39f5d5704a", "text": "Warp 10: Influences, Classics, Remixes Warp 10 is a series of compilation albums issued by Warp Records in 1999 to celebrate the label 's tenth anniversary . The collection spans three double CD/quadruple vinyl sets , which can be purchased individually . Each volume in the set highlights different phases of electronic music , including influential tracks not originally released by Warp ( licensed specifically for this collection ) , but which helped to shape the artists and musicians who eventually appeared on the label , as well as tracks that influenced the overall sound of the label itself . Warp 10 +1 : Influences ( WARP LP/CD 67 ) contains twenty-two early acid house and techno tracks . Many of these songs are today considered to be the classics of these genres ( when they were in their infancy ) . A number of the tracks had never been available on compact disc before this collection , and seven of the twenty-two were mastered directly from 12 inch vinyl ( from such record labels as Cutting , Trax , Fourth Floor , KMS , Metroplex , 10 , Cause N ' Effect , Transmat , Plezure , and Bassic ) . Spanning the years 1986 through 1990 , the songs represented here were still very much an underground sensation in the United States , however a handful of these songs charted well on the UK singles chart and helped to usher in the acid house craze that swept across Europe in the late 1980s . Warp 10 +2 : Classics 89 -- 92 ( WARP LP/CD 68 ) features eighteen full-length `` classic '' versions and remixes taken directly from the vaults of Warp Records . Tracks appearing here were produced between the years of 1989 and 1992 . As with Warp 10 +1 , many of these tracks appeared previously only on 12 inch vinyl or now out-of-print compilations and EPs . Warp 10 +3 : Remixes ( WARP LP/CD 69 ) contains twenty-six remixes ( of which twenty-five are exclusive to this collection ) of tracks taken from Warp Records ' back catalog . Although all of the original recordings were released by Warp , the remixers are not necessarily Warp Records artists . The original songs span from the years 1990 through 1998 . The album art is the Roger Stevens Building , a lecture hall for the University of Leeds built in the 1970s , and noted for its bizarre brutalist architecture . The quadruple vinyl editions of Influences and Classics 89 -- 92 come in gatefold sleeves , while that of Remixes is packaged as four separate LPs in sleeves inside a hard box . In a 2013 article for Fact Magazine , Simon Reynolds noted that Warp 10 +2 : Classics 89 -- 92 remains one of the only compilations that covers the `` bleep techno '' of the early 1990s : '' -LSB- D -RSB- espite its time-defying excellence , bleep is poorly served in terms of compilations : basically , there 's Warp 's Classics double CD , plus out-of-print comps from the original era . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81581c8c80b40d382af5af2f2382b17a", "text": "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day Gold Rush : Maybe One Day is the third studio album by the American Christian hip hop musician Dre Murray . It was released on July 9 , 2013 , by Collision Records . It charted on the Billboard 200 at No. 189 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "735b41aba9b770bbe7c83af5257e1a47", "text": "Chronicles: Death Row Classics Chronicles : Death Row Classics is a Dr. Dre greatest hits album released by Death Row Records on June 27 , 2006 . This is the follow-up of the album Chronicle : Best of the Works ( 2002 ) . While Chronicle : Best of the Work was originally released by Death Row UK , and thus not officially a Death Row album , this is an official Death Row release . Some of the songs from Dr. Dre 's 1992 album The Chronic that were not included on Chronicle : Best of the Work are on this album . A few songs that were already on Chronicle : Best of the Work are also on it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb437fd528ea5349041c0b68473f9195", "text": "Priority Records Priority Records is an American distribution company and record label known for many highly successful artists including Eazy-E , Ice Cube , MC Ren , Dr. Dre , Ice-T , Jay-Z , Mack 10 , Master P , Mia X , Mystikal , N.W.A , Snoop Dogg , Silkk the Shocker & Westside Connection amongst others . It also distributed many highly successful hip hop record labels including Death Row Records , Hoo-Bangin ' Records , No Limit Records , Posthuman Records , Rap-A-Lot Records , Rawkus Records , Roc-A-Fella Records , Ruthless Records & Wu-Tang Records amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3be459a87b0a899782b89f0c9e24e316", "text": "Muzical Madness Muzical Madness is the second album by Jimmy Z . The album was released on October 1 , 1991 for Ruthless Records and was produced by Dr. Dre , Eazy-E and Jimmy Z . This album is one of the few , if not the only album released by Ruthless Records that is not entirely hip hop based . The album was neither a commercial nor critical success , however the song , `` Funky Flute '' , which featured Dr. Dre , gained some minor success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e82ff384d63ad18424b75932c4d87911", "text": "Dub music Dub is a genre of music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s , and is commonly considered a subgenre , though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae . Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings , usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece , and emphasizing the drum and bass parts ( this stripped-down track is sometimes referred to as a riddim ) . Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo , reverb , panoramic delay , and occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works . It was an early form of popular electronic music . Dub was pioneered by Osbourne `` King Tubby '' Ruddock , Lee `` Scratch '' Perry , Errol Thompson and others in the late 1960s . Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub , and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre . Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside of the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy . These producers , especially Ruddock and Perry , looked upon the mixing console as an instrument , manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different . Dub has influenced many genres of music , including rock ( most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk ) , pop , hip hop , disco , and later house , techno , ambient , electronic dance music , and trip hop . Dub has become a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass Traditional dub has survived , and some of the originators , such as Lee `` Scratch '' Perry and Mad Professor , continue to produce new material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90b3ba8e17da621f81a6cf0fb3e04635", "text": "I Need a Doctor `` I Need a Doctor '' is a single by American rappers Dr. Dre and Eminem and recording artist Skylar Grey . The song is produced by British record producer Alex da Kid , mixed by Dr. Dre , and was released for digital download through the American iTunes Store on February 1 , 2011 . Musically , `` I Need a Doctor '' is predominantly a rap song , backed by a `` spacey '' , drum-heavy production , with extra piano keys featured in the introduction and the chorus . Lyrically , the song is largely about Dr. Dre and Eminem 's close friendship , and how they have often needed and inspired each other in the past . Even though the song was leaked onto the Internet several months in advance of its release , it became a significant commercial success on its official release , particularly in the United States , where it peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Dr. Dre 's second highest peaking song on the chart ever , and also peaking in the upper regions of many national charts . As of October 2011 , it has sold over 2,206,000 digital copies in the United States alone .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ec5ed653bd433792393028aeeb0c9d57	Chris Hardwick only began hosting Ministry of Laughs in 2012.	[ { "docid": "9eef308c83d0b8563d31f7edda971c05", "text": "Chris Hardwick Christopher Ryan Hardwick ( born November 23 , 1971 ) is an American stand-up comedian , voice actor , television host , writer , producer , podcaster , and musician . He is the chief executive officer of Nerdist Industries , the digital division of Legendary Entertainment . He currently hosts Talking Dead , an hourly aftershow on AMC , affiliated with the network 's zombie drama series The Walking Dead and Fear the Walking Dead as well as `` Talking with Chris Hardwick '' , a show in which Hardwick interviews prominent pop culture figures ; @midnight with Chris Hardwick , a nightly comedy-game show series on Comedy Central , and The Wall , a `` plinko '' inspired gameshow on NBC . Hardwick originated the role of Stacee Jaxx in Rock of Ages during its premiere run in Los Angeles ( 2005 -- 2006 ) . In 2011 , he began hosting Ministry of Laughs , a BBC America Britcom block , and Talking Dead , a live hour talk show on AMC following episodes of The Walking Dead and Fear the Walking Dead . In 2013 , Hardwick hosted Talking Bad , a live half-hour talk show on AMC following the final eight episodes of Breaking Bad , and in 2016 he started to host Talking Saul for Breaking Bads spin-off , Better Call Saul . He is also known for performing with Mike Phirman in Hard 'n Phirm , hosting Singled Out , Wired Science , Web Soup , and Nerdist Podcast , and as the voice of Otis in Back at the Barnyard , replacing Kevin James .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "295f3eac3c82c8f9688fff9ca1974919", "text": "Juice Rap News Juice Rap News is an internet based satirical news show , created in Melbourne , Australia . The show was the creation of a duo , Hugo Farrant and Giordano Nanni , based in Australia and consists of a rapped `` news report '' with social commentary using comical rap lyrics . The show is known for using satire and rap rhyming to analyse important topics of the day in a humorous , yet philosophical fashion . Juice Rap News is distributed via YouTube . Some episodes were licensed to the international television news channel RT for rebroadcast . The audience of Juice Rap News is international and episodes have been translated into more than 20 languages . 35 episodes were produced in total , plus a video announcing that the 35th episode was the final they would produce . However in September 2016 , due to audience demand , Giordano Nanni produced a special episode for that year 's United States presidential election , and announced that the series would continue to produce content from time to time , with a new crew . Nanni and Farrant co-wrote and produced the series together in their home studio in Melbourne , Australia . Nanni focused on content ( crafting the arguments , narrative and perspectives depicted and explored in the show ) ; while Farrant focused on form ( giving the dialogue the `` rhyme and flow '' of rap and performing the vocals of most of the characters ) . Farrant portrayed the anchor Robert Foster and a host of other characters , including the regulars General Baxter and Terrence Moonseed . Nanni also appeared in the show , portraying many characters , such as Aussie correspondent Ken Oathcarn , `` MSMBS '' host Brian Washington , PR host Ivan Sakamunev , Bill de Berg and George Torwell , all using vox by Hugo Farrant . The goal was to provide an alternative view on world events , one that they felt was lacking in popular media outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471ca17d3f1659732c43995148cf8eda", "text": "Chris Birch Chris Birch ( born c. 1984 ) formerly of Ystrad Mynach , South Wales is a former rugby player who transformed from a straight man to a gay man after he suffered a stroke whilst rolling down a grass verge in Bargoed , South Wales . Still regularly suffering with TIA ( Mini Strokes ) , Birch has been left a totally different person after his accident as he recalls on www.chrisjbirch.com The accident was in 2005 , when he was 20 . Birch had TV appearances on The Saturday Night Show , Doctors and Filip and Fredrik in 2011 , as well as I Woke up Gay and Sunday Night in 2012 . Totally Different Me is a BBC documentary about Birch 's life before and after the incident and how he began to cope with his new life . The documentary aired in April 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "102006c66b14677095bd9d0b4c8681d3", "text": "Paul McDermott Paul Anthony Michael McDermott ( born 13 May 1962 ) is an Australian comedian , actor , writer , director , singer , artist and television personality . As a comedian , he is best known both for Good News Week and for his role as a member of the musical comedy group the Doug Anthony All Stars , which disbanded in 1994 but reformed in 2014 ; he has also performed individually and as a part of GUD . He has frequently appeared at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and taken part in its two major televised productions , the Comedy Festival Gala and the Great Debate . He has also hosted two other ABC programs and briefly featured on Triple J as a morning radio presenter between 1996 and 1997 . He hosted Good News Week until 2012 , and has since pursued his painting career , and given a series of concerts featuring self-penned songs of a more serious nature . McDermott is a published author , having released several books both in collaboration with the Doug Anthony All Stars and individually . He has written as a columnist for a number of Australian newspapers and a selection of his columns have been compiled into a book , The Forgetting of Wisdom . He has also written and illustrated two storybooks , both of which have been adapted into short films with McDermott scripting , directing , performing and painting all of the animations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bda5d5f0d7a4ba78e0d0041a596dd4cb", "text": "Jim Florentine James `` Jim '' Florentine is an American stand-up comedian , actor , and television personality . He is best known for co-hosting That Metal Show on VH1 Classic , as well as voicing several characters on Crank Yankers including Special Ed and Bobby Fletcher . He hosts a popular podcast called Comedy Metal Midgets since 2011 and has a radio show on Ozzys Boneyard channel on Sirius/XM . To date he has released 6 stand-up CDs , 2 comedy specials , 6 prank call CDs called Terrorizing Telemarketers ' and 3 hidden camera DVDs called Meet The Creeps '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6373ca8d3a050bea228dbffd730f025a", "text": "Chris Johnson (presenter) Christopher David Johnson ( often credited as Chris Johnson ) ( born 25 January 1991 ) is a British voice actor & television presenter . He began presenting on the CBBC Channel in January 2010 , and continued until April 2016 . His first television appearance was for BBC Three , introducing Family Guy . Chris also makes content on YouTube under the user name OfficialCDJ . He voiced Dennis the Menace for the 2013 series Dennis the Menace and Gnasher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51effe71fc9e488086a18e8d7b26c2f5", "text": "Konna no Idol Janain!? is a 2012 Japanese television comedy series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb282350b0c0be4449bf6387d58ce31", "text": "Today Today Today Today was a drivetime radio show on Australia-wide radio station Triple J , broadcast between 3:00 pm and 5:30 pm weekdays during 2004 and 2005 . The title is a parody of the Australian current affairs program Today Tonight on Channel Seven . It was hosted by Chaser members Chris Taylor and Craig Reucassel ( `` Chris and Craig '' ) . The theme music to the show was the opening riff to the song `` She Says What She Means '' by Canadian band Sloan The show combined political satire , comedic discussion of the days events , and talkback from listeners with funny anecdotes on a given topic . Reucassel and Taylor also create satirical skits to play between program segments which lampoon commercial radio stations , current TV shows and topical world events . Other regular segments included the Small Talk Challenge , Two Types of People , Marketing Makeover and Pisslame Puns of the Week . One of the shows recurring segments , Coma FM was a parody of many aspects of Australian commercial radio . These included radio hosts ' nicknames , the low pitched Americanised accent , strange noises ( such as the station 's callsign ) , forced laughter at poor jokes , an emphasis on playing new music and not repeating any tracks , segments that play the `` greatest hits from the 80s , 90s and mid-90s '' , large amounts of advertising and competitions - especially those that give away `` cold hard cash '' . Coma FM also mocks the target audience of commercial radio with the use of callers and comments on many controversial issues such as the Bali Nine . In late 2004 , Chris and Craig took six weeks off to rejoin The Chaser team to produce an election special , The Chaser Decides , during the 2004 federal election campaign . The fill in hosts were Jason Whalley and Lindsay McDougall , aka Jay and the Doctor , who went on to become Triple J 's breakfast show hosts from 2005 onwards . On 6 December 2005 , Chris and Craig broadcast the final Today Today program , and announced they and the rest of the Chaser team would be back on television in 2006 . The show was The Chaser 's War on Everything . The new host for Triple J 's drive timeslot was Robbie Buck . Chris and Craig returned to the airwaves in 2015 as part of Triple J 's 40th birthday celebrations on sister radio station Double J.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a187f8bda39c908d8a9e479c40ca9ef5", "text": "Heroes of Comedy Heroes of Comedy is a British television series , produced by Thames Television , and broadcast on Channel 4 , which devotes each episode to a legend of British comedy . It was produced by John Fisher . Beginning in 1995 , it followed a 2 1/2 hour more general programme from 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288b0217eaac6ea21dd0f119bb15a250", "text": "The Laff Stop The Laff Stop was a comedy club , with locations in Texas and California . The Laff Stop originated in Newport Beach , California and featured comics such as Steve Martin , David Letterman , and Robin Williams . There were also Laff Stop clubs in Claremont , California and Austin , Texas ( which changed its name to Cap City Comedy Club in 1996 ) . The most well known location , however , was in Houston , Texas . Open since 1977 , it was considered one of the most successful clubs through the 1990s and the heart of the Texas stand-up comedy scene . The club closed after Dec. 19 , 2009 performances were completed in a surprise announcement . The Houston Laff Stop changed locations a few times durings its existence , the last stop becoming an upstairs strip mall location at Waugh and the Allen Parkway . The previous location on West Gray Street is now a bar called Local Pour while the original Laff Stop location -- famous for being the launching pad of Bill Hicks , Sam Kinison , and others -- is now a dry cleaner at San Felipe and Shepherd . The club later served as a starting point and hometown club for such acts as Sean Rouse , Ralphie May , and Brett Butler Albums and Videos recorded at the Laff Stop include : Mitch Hedberg 's Strategic Grill Locations CD : recording of a performance at The Laff Stop comedy club in Houston , Texas from September 7 , 1999 Dane Cook 's Harmful If Swallowed CD/DVD Joe Rogan 's I 'm Gon na Be Dead Someday ... CD Doug Stanhope 's Sicko and Something to Take the Edge Off Ron White 's Drunk in Public CD Scott White 's Dirty White Boy CDs Louis CK 's `` Live in Houston '' Bill Hicks `` Sane Man '' and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4529726759c49e114938998a9d36584", "text": "Chris Franklin Chris Franklin ( born 16 September 1964 ) is an Australian stand up comedian and former sailor for the Royal Australian Navy . He is most famous for writing and performing the song `` Bloke '' ( a bogan parody of Meredith Brooks ' feminist anthem `` Bitch '' ) , which was certified platinum , reached # 1 on the ARIA Charts and was the twelfth biggest selling single in Australia in 2000 . He currently lives in Launceston , Tasmania", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f054968a67a4d50aed811bd0b6c5bfc", "text": "South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park . The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date . The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates . The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90362c137aca63526e3b19f18e0ad26c", "text": "The Comedy Festival The Comedy Festival , formerly known as the US Comedy Arts Festival , was a comedy festival that ran from 1995 to 2008 . The festival included stand-up comedy performances , appearances by the casts of television shows , and has a film component called the Film Discovery Program . The first 13 editions of the US Comedy Arts Festival were held annually at the Wheeler Opera House and other venues in Aspen , Colorado . Comedian Joe Rogan says the festival 's location at the time was for the `` Executives to ski '' . The primary sponsor of the festival was HBO , with co-sponsorship by Caesars Palace ( the primary venue ) , TBS , GEICO Insurance , Twix candy bars and Smirnoff Vodka . In-between , HBO had started a spin-off version simply named The Comedy Festival , which was held in Las Vegas , Nevada , since 2006 in collaboration with the Anschutz Entertainment Group . The Aspen event folded in 2007 once HBO exited the festival business , considering the expenditures too high . TBS picked up the Las Vegas event in 2008 , and organized a follow-up edition that year , also arranging for other comedy festivals in collaboration with Just For Laughs . In turn , Aspen replaced the festival with similar events , the Aspen RooftopComedy Festival and the Aspen Laff Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a77d7d86f878860e7129fb40a404019b", "text": "The Vicar of Dibley The Vicar of Dibley is a British sitcom which originally ran on BBC One from 10 November 1994 to 22 January 1998 ( with three sets of specials in the Winters of 1999/2000 , 2004/5 and 2006/7 ) . It is set in a fictional small Oxfordshire village called Dibley , which is assigned a female vicar following the 1992 changes in the Church of England that permitted the ordination of women . In ratings terms , the programme is among the most successful in the digital era , with the various Christmas and New Year specials in 1999 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 and 2007 all entering the top 10 programmes of the year . The Vicar of Dibley received multiple British Comedy Awards ( including a Best TV Comedy Actress Award for Emma Chambers ) , two International Emmys , and was a multiple British Academy Television Awards nominee . In 2004 , it placed third in a BBC poll of Britain 's Best Sitcom . The series has also done six charity special shorts , for Comic Relief , the most recent in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d4ce90546a5a6f135201d76e1219963", "text": "2012 British cabinet reshuffle British prime minister David Cameron conducted the first major reshuffle of his coalition government on 4 September 2012 . The reshuffle , nearly two and a half years after the government was sworn in , was highly anticipated , and eschewed the trend of annual reshuffles which had become common under the governments of the 1990s and 2000s . As a result , many ministers had been in place not just since the government was elected in 2010 , but had covered the portfolio in Cameron 's shadow cabinet or even earlier ; Andrew Lansley had covered the health brief since 2004 , when Michael Howard led the Conservatives in opposition . Despite this , Cameron 's room to manoeuvre was limited by his coalition agreement with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg 's Liberal Democrats , which guaranteed the minority party seats in government , and Clegg the right to select his ministers . Further , Cameron 's personal aversion to reshuffles and belief that ministers were most effective when given time at a department led to him viewing many cabinet members , including the holders of the Great Offices of State , as immovable . The reshuffle , which was criticised by the opposition for resulting in a cabinet with only four female members out of twenty-two , ultimately shifted Cameron 's government significantly to the right on business , justice , and the environment , and rid the government of perceived weaknesses , while maintaining stability at the top . In an official statement , Number 10 stated that the impetus for the reshuffle was the fact that after more than two years , the government was `` at the delivery phase '' and that ministers had `` been appointed with that in mind '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86261b8a65cc50f2f8f37aae340f3605", "text": "The Twelfth Man The Twelfth Man ( also known as The 12th Man ) is the name for a series of comedy productions by Australian satirist Billy Birmingham . Birmingham , a skilled impersonator , is generally known for parodying Australian sports commentators ' voices . As befits the name ( a reference to the non-playing reserve in an eleven-player cricket side ) , Birmingham particularly focuses on cricket commentators such as Richie Benaud , Bill Lawry and Tony Greig . This is also because many of Australia 's cricket commentators have distinctive and easily identifiable voices and accents . The parodies , released periodically on CD , are designed as a comical look `` behind the scenes '' of the Nine Network 's cricket commentary . Birmingham traditionally plays all the roles ( with the exception of Ken Sutcliffe , who played himself ; and some minor female characters , such as Richie Benaud 's secretary ) . Benaud himself sent a critique of each CD to Birmingham and was known to have a mixed opinion of the recordings , due predominantly to Birmingham 's use of profanity . All albums were produced and engineered by David Frogatt . The 12th Man 's most popular song is `` Marvellous ! '' featuring all the main three commentators . It was first recorded as a single in 1991 , with backing vocals by Jimmy Barnes , John Farnham , Diesel and Glenn Shorrock among others . An updated version , with some of the commentators changed , was featured on Still the 12th Man . He has since released an updated version of the song entitled `` Marvellous 2006 '' on his latest album Boned ! . It can be heard at the 12th Man 's MySpace . In an article in the Sydney Morning Herald on 22 November 2009 , Birmingham announced that Boned ! would be his last studio album as The Twelfth Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9579e3c832d39ce456211b5ea37166eb", "text": "The Joe Schmo Show The Joe Schmo Show is a reality television hoax show created by Paul Wernick and Rhett Reese . The series is broadcast in the U.S. on the cable network Spike . The show 's premise is that a target person or persons are led to believe that they are contestants on a reality television show ; in reality , all of the other participants in the purported show -- including the host -- are actors , and their actions and the outcome of the purported show are all scripted in an attempt to elicit comedic reactions from the targets . The show 's first season , The Joe Schmo Show , aired in 2003 , and its second season , Joe Schmo 2 , aired in 2004 . The first season 's hoax was conducted as a typical reality competition show while the second hoax was a Bachelor-like dating series . On December 10 , 2012 , Spike announced it was bringing The Joe Schmo Show back for a third season , which premiered on January 8 , 2013 . The only constant presence in all three Joe Schmo seasons has been voice actor Ralph Garman , who has served as the `` emcee '' for all three editions ( playing a smarmier caricature of himself in the first , a pompous British man in the second , and a bounty hunter in the third ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c90d8c2827a0977d373e33df5a1c981", "text": "2012 Orica–GreenEDGE season The 2012 season for the cycling team began in January at the Bay Classic Series . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour . The team formed for the 2012 season as part of a scheme to promote cycling talent in Australia , and not come into such difficulties suffered by another Australian team -- Pegasus Sports -- which folded without contesting a race due to sponsorship issues . Much of the team 's ridership is Australian , almost entirely anglophone , and the team competes under an Australian licence ; as such , becoming the first Australian team to be part of the top-tier of professional cycling . Its manager is Shayne Bannan , the former Performance Director of Cycling Australia , while team 's senior Director Sportif is ex-professional road cyclist Matt White , who had a similar role at before being sacked . Known simply as for the first four months of 2012 , the team acquired Orica as a title sponsor shortly before the Giro d'Italia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f30717648416442e26c748918003fcf", "text": "You Made It Weird with Pete Holmes You Made It Weird is a semi-weekly comedy interview podcast hosted by comedian Pete Holmes on the Nerdist network since October 25 , 2011 . The show originated under the premise that Holmes would ask his guest , usually a fellow comedian , about three `` weird '' things he knew about them , but the show has since evolved into a much more loose conversation about such complex topics as comedy , religion , and sexuality . While initially focusing on interviews with comedians , an increasing number of guests from other fields have appeared on the show , including musicians , pastors , scientists , and authors . Many guests comment on Holmes ' unique laugh , which tends to be very loud and borderline obnoxious . Katie Levine is the producer of the podcast . The show is usually recorded in-studio at the Nerdist studio at Meltdown Comics in Los Angeles , California . Since March 21 , 2012 , Holmes has recorded multiple live episodes of the podcast , in Austin at South by Southwest , New York , Bloomington , Chicago , Montreal , Quebec , San Francisco , Los Angeles at the LA Riot Festival , and Toronto at Just For Laughs . These have featured several guests rather than the usual one , and focus more on comedy rather than the in-depth discussion of a regular episode .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c2fae1bd74fc09a712e0588ad706aa82	Jennifer Aniston is a Canadian.	[ { "docid": "22dab11e63431f0402e07826b1204f85", "text": "Jennifer Aniston Jennifer Joanna Aniston ( born February 11 , 1969 ) is an American actress , producer , and businesswoman . She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow . Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the popular television sitcom Friends ( 1994 -- 2004 ) , a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television . Aniston has played the female protagonist in a number of comedies and romantic comedies . Her box office hits include Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , The Break-Up ( 2006 ) , Marley & Me ( 2008 ) , Just Go with It ( 2011 ) , Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) , and We 're the Millers ( 2013 ) , each of which have grossed over 200 million in worldwide receipts . Her most critically acclaimed roles included the role of Olivia in Friends with Money ( 2006 ) , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) , for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead , and the drama Cake ( 2014 ) , for which she received nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress . Her other films include Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) and He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) . In 2008 , she co-founded the production company Echo Films . In 2012 , Aniston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She is one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood , and as of 2014 , her net worth is estimated to be 150 million . She has also been included in magazines ' lists of the world 's most beautiful women . People magazine named Aniston `` The Most Beautiful Woman '' in 2004 and 2016 , and Men 's Health magazine voted her the `` Sexiest Woman of All Time '' in 2011 . Divorced from actor Brad Pitt , to whom she was married for five years , she has been married to actor Justin Theroux since 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "351b50fab3db049b590c6593497ac988", "text": "Australian Canadians Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada . According to the 2011 Census there were 36,350 Canadians who claimed full or partial Australian ancestry . Both are among the most developed countries and share historical connections , language , similar customs and among others , they also have Elizabeth II as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4cd16301a82f656965626e78b2b83cb", "text": "Sarah Polley Sarah Ellen Polley ( born January 8 , 1979 ) is a Canadian actress , writer , director and political activist . Polley first garnered attention as a child actress for her role as Sara Stanley in the Canadian television series Road to Avonlea ( 1990 -- 1996 ) . She has starred in many feature films , including Exotica ( 1994 ) , The Sweet Hereafter ( 1997 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Go ( 1999 ) , The Weight of Water ( 2000 ) , My Life Without Me ( 2003 ) , Dawn of the Dead ( 2004 ) , Splice ( 2009 ) , and Mr. Nobody ( 2009 ) . Polley made her feature film directorial debut with Away from Her ( 2006 ) , for which she won a Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . Polley 's second film , Take This Waltz ( 2011 ) , premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Her film Stories We Tell ( 2012 ) is a feature-length documentary . It had its world premiere at the 2012 Venice Film Festival , and its North American premiere followed at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival . The Toronto Film Critics Association awarded it the $ 100,000 prize for best Canadian film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cdfe75e575f2f122af44f0739f4bb4c", "text": "Room 10 Room 10 is a 2006 Jennifer Aniston co-directed short film starring Robin Wright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6824999d0d9238675aadedc41b2404f3", "text": "Bravo (Canada) Bravo ( styled bravo ) is a Canadian English language Category A cable and satellite specialty channel that is owned by Bell Media . The channel was founded as a Canadian version of the U.S. channel Bravo ( which is now owned by NBCUniversal ) , and originally focused on performing arts , drama , and independent film . However , as with its U.S. counterpart , the channel has largely dropped its arts programming , and now focuses primarily on mainstream films and scripted series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bd507669013a0bb36dfa1d71d66c49f", "text": "Jim Pattison Group The Jim Pattison Group is Canada 's largest privately held company and , in a recent survey by the Financial Post , The Jim Pattison Group was ranked as Canada 's 62nd largest company . Jim Pattison , a Vancouver-based entrepreneur is the Chairman , President , CEO , and sole owner of the Jim Pattison Group . The Jim Pattison Group has more than 39,000 employees , and annual sales of $ 8.4 billion . With investments in Canada , the U.S. , Mexico , Europe , Asia and Australia , The Jim Pattison Group is involved in a wide variety of industries including TV and radio stations , automotive dealerships , grocery store chains , magazine distribution , food service specialty packaging , advertising , real estate development , fishing , forest products , financial services , and entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2ea839bc3c569893d4c1a35d881054d", "text": "O Canada (TV series) O Canada is a Canadian-American animated television anthology series , broadcast in the United States on Cartoon Network . O Canada was the first Canadian cartoon series to air on Cartoon Network . Shown mainly on Sunday nights ( early Monday mornings ) at 12:00 midnight ET , O Canada featured a selection of animated shorts from Canada , mostly from the archives of the National Film Board of Canada . Some of the animated shorts featured were part of the NFB 's Canada Vignettes collection of shorts first produced for CBC Television . The title of the series originated from the name of Canada 's national anthem , O Canada . One of the notable shorts featured in this series was Bob 's Birthday , which would later serve as the basis for Comedy Central / Global Television Network 's Bob and Margaret series , which would debut the following year . Despite its time slot , Bob 's Birthday was censored with one scene , that featured Bob fully bottomless , edited with a maple leaf electronically superimposed over his genitalia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6440a85380aef7a4f9b6b4f85234c743", "text": "Jennifer Kydd Jennifer Kydd ( born 1976 ) is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Paige Bradshaw in the Global Television series Falcon Beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbef9f5d6eb2383f9a6439ee8b8832a2", "text": "Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields . In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton . The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens . The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada . As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7d6832342da7f9fb57f55c888840929", "text": "CBC News Network (TV series) CBC News Network ( sometimes listed in program guides under its former title CBC News Now ) is the self-named rolling news program on CBC News Network . The show is broadcast daily from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET ( to 5:30 p.m. on Sundays ) , with additional evening broadcasts on weekdays ( discussed below ) . It is also simultaneously broadcast on CBC Television from 6 to 7 a.m. ( in regions where a local CBC Radio One morning show is not simulcast instead ) and from noon to 1 p.m. in most time zones , serving as a morning and noon newscast in each region . The show covers national and international news throughout the day , featuring live coverage of breaking news and interviews with newsmakers and experts . The show also has hourly business and sports updates , and weather information provided by The Weather Network . The daytime broadcasts are produced at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f477a0e502b7a950c97e8d2e9d639954", "text": "Jimmy Hayward James `` Jimmy '' Hayward ( born September 17 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American film director , screenwriter and animator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17be83791d9b59f17bf43a51f095fa49", "text": "Anna Hopkins Anna Hopkins ( born February 12 , 1987 ) is a Canadian actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c834d6a0cd3d792f9136ac727ead41a", "text": "Canadian studies Canadian studies is a college-level study of Canadian culture , the spoken languages of Canada , Canadian literature , Quebec , agriculture in Canada , the history of Canada , and Canadian government and politics . Most universities that offer the discipline recommend that students take a double major ( e.g. Political Science , International Relations ) or French , if not included in the course . Some careers for students who take Canadian studies include the foreign service and working at Canadian embassies or the foreign embassies in Canada . Scholars known for their work in Canadian studies include Fernand Ouellet , Linda Hutcheon , George Ramsay Cook , William T. R. Fox , Annette Baker Fox , Susan Swan , Christl Verduyn , Sergey Rogov , and George Melnyk . The Governor General 's International Award for Canadian Studies is an award for excellence in the field and was established in 1995 by the International Council for Canadian Studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fea7214776e48b8df3ba17ee50bb7ba", "text": "David DeCoteau David DeCoteau ( born January 5 , 1962 , Portland , Oregon ) is an American-Canadian film director and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "325a913f6319a2f2b841cc76f0ff52de", "text": "BCE Inc. BCE Inc. , originally Bell Canada Enterprises Inc. , is a Canadian telecommunications company . It is one of Canada 's largest corporations and a publicly-traded holding company for Canada 's largest communications network . It has been the parent company in the Bell Canada corporate empire since its creation in 1983 when Bell Canada , Northern Telecom , and other related companies all became subsidiaries of BCE . In addition to its core telecommunications operations that also include Bell Mobility , Bell Aliant , Bell MTS , Northwestel , Télébec , NorthernTel , Dryden Municipal Telephone Service and the CTV Television network , BCE owns 18 % of the Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club , and ( together with BCE 's pension plan ) a 37.5 % interest in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment ( MLSE ) , owner of several Toronto professional sports franchises . It was ranked as Canada 's 17th largest corporations by revenue in 2014 and as the ninth-largest by capitalization in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9559a2faef222d04d68b655730246c", "text": "Canada–Latin America relations Canada -- Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America . This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states , plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states , or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization . Culturally , Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European , indigenous American , and immigrant influences . Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking , and since French is a `` Latin '' language , Canada ( or more often Quebec ) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America . However , Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos . For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other . However Canada 's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b01af2d3a348f8d273eb68575947afc5", "text": "CNCP Telecommunications CNCP Telecommunications ( Canadian National-Canadian Pacific Telecommunications ) was an electrical telegraph operator and later as a telecom company . CNCP was created as a joint venture between the Canadian National Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1967 , replacing the different networks used by the two railway companies ( CN Telegraph interchanged traffic with the Postal Telegraph Cable Company in the US while CPR Telegraphs networked with Western Union ) . The two networks , former rivals , had been co-operating increasingly since the 1930s By 1980 , CNCP was no longer a telegraph company and emerged as an early telecom company . A 40 % stake was acquired by Rogers Communications in 1984 and CP acquired CN 's stake . The network was dissolved in 1988 and Rogers renamed the company Unitel Communications Incorporated in 1989 . The new company was later acquired by AT&T Canada ( now Allstream ) . The telegram division was later acquired by iTelegram and renamed Telegrams Canada in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e2386492e00c845b7c1a6a3eed20ca", "text": "Canadian (train) The Canadian ( Le Canadien ) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail Canada with service between Union Station in Toronto , Ontario , and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver , British Columbia . Before 1955 the Canadian was a Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) train between Toronto and Chicago . In 1955 , CPR renamed its transcontinental route between Montreal/Toronto and Vancouver the Canadian , with new streamlined trains . Via Rail took over in 1978 , and in 1990 reduced the Canadian to Toronto - Vancouver service primarily along Canadian National tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de3f484456fda71a5f4dd5c09fae2c5e", "text": "Arctic policy of Canada The Arctic policy of Canada includes both the foreign policy of Canada in regard to the Arctic region and Canada 's domestic policy towards its Arctic territories . This includes the devolution of powers to the territories . Canada 's Arctic policy includes the plans and provisions of these regional governments . It encompasses the exercise of sovereignty , social and economic development , the protection of the environment , and the improving and devolving of governance . Canada , along with the 7 other Arctic nations , is a member of the Arctic Council . On August 23 , 2012 , Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Nunavut MP Leona Aglukkaq would serve as chair of the Arctic Council when Canada assumed the Chairmanship from Sweden in May 2013 . Along with its mainland in the upper regions of North America , Canada claims sovereignty over the related continental shelf and the Arctic Archipelago . It considers the waters between the islands of the Archipelago to be Canadian Internal Waters . The United States considers those to be international waters . Canada has more Arctic land mass than any other country . This land is included within the administrative regions of the Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon . As of 2011 , approximately 107,265 Canadians live in the Arctic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4ca5030bae73ec0680cec8397d8af89", "text": "Marie-Josée Croze Marie-Josée Croze ( -LSB- maʁi ʒoze kʁoz -RSB- ; born February 23 , 1970 ) is a French Canadian actress . She also holds French citizenship , which she obtained in December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" } ]	fever
8e656fabb79623437cd588b6a9467e55	Jaime Lannister is not a member of the Kingsguard.	[ { "docid": "ab4508c452fd03bb4aabc882988a96fc", "text": "Jaime Lannister Jaime Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning in A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Introduced in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , Jaime is a knight of the Kingsguard and a member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros . Although he first appears to be unscrupulous and amoral , he later proves to be far more complex , honorable and sympathetic . Jaime is portrayed by Nikolaj Coster-Waldau on the HBO series Game of Thrones . He was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television , a Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a People Choice Awards Favorite TV Anti-Hero for his performance in the show 's third season . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 and 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "88ffd9ff0fe412761331451d78f58240", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million . The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner . Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13d4eafe5e1504f8b22919118a9b5915", "text": "Lieutenancy areas of Scotland The lieutenancy areas of Scotland ( Lieutenancy auries o Scotland ) are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants , the monarch 's representatives , in Scotland . The lord-lieutenants ' titles chosen by the monarch and her legal advisers are mainly based on placenames of the traditional counties of Scotland . In 1794 permanent lieutenancies were established by Royal Warrant . By the Militia Act 1797 ( 37 Geo .3 , C. 103 ) , the lieutenants appointed `` for the Counties , Stewartries , Cities , and Places '' were given powers to raise and command County Militia Units . While in their lieutenancies , lord lieutenants are among the few individuals in Scotland officially permitted to fly a banner of the Royal Arms of Scotland , the `` Lion Rampant '' as it is more commonly known . Lieutenancy areas are different from the current local government council areas and their committee areas . They also differ from other subdivisions of Scotland including sheriffdoms and former regions and districts . The Lord Provosts of Aberdeen , Dundee , Edinburgh , and Glasgow also act ex officio as lord-lieutenants . This is a unique right in the United Kingdom : all other lord-lieutenants are appointed by the monarch , rather than being elected politicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc33e25af752a47a18c934afc14e31d9", "text": "Jaime, Duke of Madrid Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma , called Duke of Madrid and known in France as Jacques de Bourbon , Duke of Anjou ( 27 June 1870 -- 2 October 1931 ) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Jaime III and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France as Jacques I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75bc616d61f016a21c21c97d77e159ac", "text": "Marchand-mercier A marchand-mercier is a French term for a type of entrepreneur working outside the guild system of craftsmen but carefully constrained by the regulations of a corporation under rules codified in 1613 . The reduplicative term literally means a merchant of merchandise , but in the 18th century took the connotation of a merchant of objets d'art . Earliest references to this Corps de la Ville de Paris can be found at the close of the 16th century , but in the 18th century marchands-merciers were shopkeepers but they also played an important role in the decoration of Paris homes . In fact , they served as general contractors , designing and commissioning pieces of the most fashionable furniture , and often , in addition , worked outside of their shops as interior decorators , responsible for many aspects of a room 's decor . In Paris , the guild system , in place since the late Middle Ages , prohibited craftsmen from working with any material with which they had not undergone a formal apprenticeship . Only a marchand-mercier who worked outside of the guild system , therefore , could mount Chinese porcelains with gilt-bronze handles and stands , fit the cabinetmaker 's furniture with Japanese lacquer or Sèvres porcelain plaques , and supply furniture with opulent gilt-bronze ( or ormolu ) mounts . The general lines permitted to their métier were set out under Charles IX , in 1570 , as : `` Wholesale merchants , drapers and jewelers , in such way that under this status of wholesaler ( estat de grossier ) have been included at all times the merchants of cloth of gold , of silver , of silk ... tapestries , jewellery , spiced goods , textiles , hammered copper , silk thread , hardware and the like , of which it is not permitted to have any manufacture whatsoever , but only to sell , buy , display , bedeck and beautify all kinds of merchandise '' Thus the marchands-merciers were characterised in the Encyclopédie as `` sellers of everything , makers of nothing '' '' . Jacques Savary des Bruslons elaborated this lapidary remark and revealed the disdain of his generation towards handcrafts : `` This Corporation is considered the noblest and most excellent of all the Corporations of Merchants , all the more because those who compose it do not labour at all and make no handiwork , if it were not to beautify those things that are already made and manufactured '' Though they were confined by law to no narrow specialisation , the Parisian marchands-merciers followed narrow fields -- Savary distinguished twenty -- following the usages of their training and their connections , in highly competitive fields dominated by fashion . Among them a small group of marchands-merciers specialised in works of art , catering to an elite circle of connoisseurs and collectors towards the middle of the 18th century , when a vogue for exoticism expressed itself in chinoiserie . Savary 's Dictionnaire detailed the wares of : `` those who sell pictures , prints , candelabras , wall-lights , girandoles of gilded brass and -LSB- patinated -RSB- bronze , crystal chandeliers , figures of bronze , marble , wood and other material ; cabinets , coffers , armoires , table , little tables , and candlestands put together of wood and gilded , marble tables and other merchandise and curiosities proper for the ornament of lodgings . '' These entrepreneurs helped guide and even create fashions , such as that for Chinese porcelains , mounted in purely French gilt bronze , transforming a vase into a ewer with rococo lip and handle , or reversing one bowl over another , with an open-work gilt-bronze rim , to function as a perfume-burner . Only a marchand-mercier could marshal the resources required to create such objects . Marchands-merciers bought Japanese lacquer screens and boxes , had them dismantled and their wooden backing shaved down , then commissioned ébénistes like Bernard II Vanrisamberg or Joseph Baumhauer to produce furniture veneered with exotic lacquer panels shaped to fit the complex curves of Louis XV surfaces , and perhaps completed with French imitations , or entirely japanned in Vernis Martin , which might imitate Chinese blue and white porcelain decors , such as the blue-on-white ensemble of furniture Hébert delivered in 1743 for Mme de Mailly The influence of the marchands-merciers on French porcelain is also considerable . Lazare Duvaux alone bought three-fifths of the total output of Sèvres in 1757 , representing a total of 165,876 livres . Certain forms in the Sèvres archives carry the names of well-known marchands-merciers in their designations . Membership in the corps was carefully controlled . A new member , born in France , had to undergo an apprenticeship of three years , followed by another three as a compagnon , during which time he was bound to remain unmarried . His master could take on but one apprentice at a time , and the apprenticeships were duly enregistred at the corporation 's offices in rue du Petit-Lion ( rue Quincampoix ) . A sum changed hands , estimated by Guillaume Glorieux as averaging about 1720 500 or 600 livres , and a larger sum was owed to the corporation when the individual was received master ( maîtris ) , some 1700 livres . There were two exceptions to this rule , made for purveyors to the Court -- marchands privilégié suivant le cour -- by decree of the king , and for those who married the daughter of one of the accredited merchants . The Parisian marchands-merciers congregated in rue Saint-Honoré , marking their establishments with catchy and amusing signs ; there could be found the premises of Hébert , Simon-Philippe Poirier -- and later at the same premises at the sign of the Golden Crown his partner Dominique Daguerre and Martin-Eloi Lignereux -- Mme Dulac , Julliot , Lebrun at the King of the Indies and Tuard au château de Bellevue . Nearby , in rue de la Monnaie , the street where the manufacture royale of Sèvres eventually chose to open its porcelain shop , were Darnault , father and son , at the sign of the King of Spain , and Lazare Duvaux . Edme-François Gersaint , for whom Watteau painted L'Enseigne de Gersaint as a shop sign had premises , following an old tradition , in a house on the Pont Notre-Dame . There , he advertised in 1740 , he `` Sells all sorts of new and tasteful hardware ( Cainquaillerie ) , trinkets , mirrors , cabinet pictures , pagods , lacquer and porcelain from Japan , shellwork and other specimens of natural history , stones , agates , and generally all curious and exotic merchandise '' . A newcomer , Granchet , opened premises Au petit Dunkerque , in the Left Bank , Quai Conti at the far end of the Pont Neuf . Among these entrepreneurial dealers and interior decorators at the apex of their profession , towards the middle of the century Hébert achieved the greatest celebrity , appearing in the popular novel Thémidore ( 1745 ) and marrying his daughter to the son of the Dauphine 's first femme de chambre in 1751 , in a contract signed at Versailles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e2bac2638a153108a7a6031585a68c0", "text": "Hounded (novel) Hounded is the first novel in Kevin Hearne 's urban fantasy series , The Iron Druid Chronicles . It was released on May 3 , 2011 . The sequel , Hexed was released on June 7 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1389236cf3be5776fee16331ef624797", "text": "Counterguard The counterguard ( Kontergarde , contre-garde ) is an outwork in a bastioned fortification system that usually comprises only a low rampart and which is sited in front of the actual fortress moat that runs around the bastions or ravelins . The rampart way of a counterguard is , however , so constructed and at least wide enough that it enables the positioning of guns . An additional ditch in front of it guards the work from a frontal enemy assault . The function of counterguards was to protect the higher ravelin or bastion behind it from direct fire and to delay an attack on it as long as possible . So that the counterguards and the works that they were to protect , could not come under simultaneous fire along the line of the rampart they were not allowed to run parallel to one another . If such a rampart work was built for defending infantry alone , i.e. without artillery positions , it was called a couvreface .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a25843da8bce54b95576870195ba9637", "text": "Royal Guards (Sweden) The Royal Guards ( Högvakten ) , the Main Guard at the Stockholm Palace is carried out by units of the Swedish Armed Forces . It is the King of Sweden 's guard of honour and is responsible for the protection of the Swedish Royal Family . The Royal Guard is normally divided in two parts , the main guard stationed at the Stockholm Palace , and a smaller detachment at Drottningholm Palace . The Royal Guard traces its history back to the early 16th Century , and the unit has continuously guarded the Royal Palace in Stockholm since 1523 . The duty of forming a `` Royal Guard '' is bestowed upon all serving regiments and occasionally on other detachments of the National Forces ( like the Home Guard ) . However , these detachments only serve for about 5 -- 7 days in each rotation , so the main part of the year , the Royal Guard duty is being performed by the Lifeguards , with traditions and roots from the old Household Brigade and Svea Life Guards and Life Guard Dragoons . The Lifeguards consist of three battalions , one light infantry , one security and one guard battalion . Between April and August , the mounted squadrons in light blue uniforms and silver helmets and the companies in dark blue uniforms with black helmets of Life Guards can be seen in Stockholm and around the Royal Palace . Accompanied by the mounted band , they depart from the Cavalry barracks in Gärdet and arrive at the Palace around noon ( 1 pm on Sundays and public holidays ) for the changing of the guards ceremony . These events attracts large numbers of tourists each summer . Category : Military units and formations of Sweden Category : Military traditions Category : Royal Guards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf65e937fb7eaeef25181df41601476", "text": "Police use of firearms in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales ( which make up Great Britain ) , and Northern Ireland . In Northern Ireland , all police officers carry firearms . In the rest of the United Kingdom , the majority of police officers do not carry firearms ; that duty is instead carried out by specially-trained firearms officers . This originates from the formation of the Metropolitan Police Service in the 19th century , when police were not armed , partly to counter public fears and objections over armed enforcers as this had been previously seen due to the British Army maintaining order when needed . The arming of police in Great Britain is a perennial topic of debate . However , the Police Service of Northern Ireland ( formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary ) , Northern Ireland Security Guard Service , Ministry of Defence Police , Civil Nuclear Constabulary , Belfast Harbour Police , Belfast International Airport Constabulary , and most of the Specialist Operations units of the Metropolitan Police are all issued firearms as a matter of routine . Every force also has a Force firearms unit , with armed response vehicles . In relation to specialist firearms officers , in the year 2011 -- 12 , there were 6,756 Authorised Firearms Officers , 12,550 police operations in which firearms were authorised throughout England and Wales and five incidents where conventional firearms were used . The vast majority of officers are instead issued with other items for personal defence , such as speedcuffs , extendable `` ASP '' batons , and incapacitant sprays such as PAVA or CS spray . While not firearms , incapacitant sprays are subject to some of the same rules and regulations as a projectile firing firearm under Section 5 ( b ) of the Firearms Act 1968 . Since 2004 , police forces have increasingly been issuing Tasers to Authorised Firearms Officers for use against armed assailants . Tasers are considered by the authorities to be a non-lethal alternative to firearms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "158f6451ac8d8e45695df5e6f4e7edb7", "text": "King Manor King Manor , also known as the Rufus King House , is in Jamaica , Queens . It was the home of Rufus King , a signer of the United States Constitution , a Senator from New York , and Ambassador to Great Britain immediately after the American Revolution . It is located at 150th Street and Jamaica Avenue . Descendants of King 's family lived in the house until 1896 when Rufus ' granddaughter Cornelia King died and sold the house to the Village of Jamaica . When Jamaica , along with the western half of Queens County was annexed by New York City in 1898 , the house and the property were turned over to the New York City Parks Department which re-designated the land as `` Rufus King Park . '' It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23585aef9ebc6c14724579bca7249e4b", "text": "The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 . The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74347e412126d24b6a9b274b52b3dbd", "text": "Theatrical jousting Coined in the late 20th century by American stunt performer Kent Shelton , the term theatrical jousting refers to a form of live entertainment in which a medieval jousting tournament is recreated in conjunction with a scripted performance . Alternative terms are `` jousting reenactment '' or `` choreographed jousting '' . The Hanlon-Lees Action Theater is credited with developing the theatrical joust format in 1979 ; its first appearance was at the New York Renaissance Faire in Tuxedo , New York . This type of performance has become very popular at various renaissance fairs by the early 2000s . Typically a three-act affair , the theatrical joust consists of a display of skill ; a mock battle which results in a verbal challenge ; an armed joust on horseback , often `` to the death . '' A variety of colorful characters , either villainous or heroic , give the audience ( which is usually divided into sectors based upon the number of `` knights '' ) a particular person to root for or against . As the show must be repeated on a daily or weekly basis , all fights are carefully choreographed and rehearsed . Horses must be trained to withstand such peculiarities as the clatter of steel weaponry , the occurrence of a rider being knocked from the saddle , and the roar of large crowds . Special makeup and/or property effects are often incorporated into the performance to provide the illusion of violent death or shattering equipment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c36a0864700dddc08b8755b537e4c55", "text": "Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) . It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories . It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . '' The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy . A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d22d9f72b4f8005f464a9df3675e93", "text": "Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d902a631ade739d561f733c152c0e76", "text": "Profugus Mortis (album) Profugus Mortis is the second album by Canadian melodic death metal band Blackguard . This is their first release under the name `` Blackguard '' , and it uses their old band name `` Profugus Mortis '' as the album title . This is also their last album to have a very strong folk metal influence since they have gotten into a more power metal sound . Paul Ablaze uses the term Epic Metal when he describes the genre of Blackguard as a whole . It combines the elements of folk , symphonic , power , black , and death metal to create the `` Epic Metal '' sound that they produce . Capitalizing on the best moments offered up on So It Begins , the new album is a folk metal onslaught that redefines the genre and raises the bar to an all-time high .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d60c676bb5e3da2ea50d078061fea5e", "text": "Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century . The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again . On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain . Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated . One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b340b11ac156cccd93e0f0936f0e7a", "text": "The Black Adder The Black Adder is the first series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson , directed by Martin Shardlow and produced by John Lloyd . The series was originally aired on BBC One from 15 June 1983 to 20 July 1983 , and was a joint production with the Australian Seven Network . Set in 1485 at the end of the British Middle Ages , the series is written as a secret history which contends that King Richard III won the Battle of Bosworth Field , only to be unintentionally assassinated by his nephew Edmund and succeeded by Richard IV , one of the Princes in the Tower . The series follows the exploits of Richard IV 's unfavoured second son Edmund ( who calls himself `` The Black Adder '' ) in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and , in the final episode , his quest to overthrow him . Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O'Clock News , the series covers a number of medieval issues in Britain in a humorous and often anachronistic manner -- witchcraft , royal succession , European relations , the Crusades and the conflict between the Crown and the Church . The filming of the series was highly ambitious , with a large cast and much location shooting . Shakespearean dialogue is sometimes adapted for comic effect . Despite winning an International Emmy , The Black Adder is generally regarded as the weakest series of Blackadder , even by its creators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d82b4c399e88bbe89f859a87fb5921f", "text": "FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname . The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters . The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children . The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants : George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson : Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 ) Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 ) Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 ) Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 ) Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 ) Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 ) Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue ) Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 ) Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 ) Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 ) William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 ) Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 ) Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 ) Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 ) Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 ) Category : House of Hanover Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom Category : William IV of the United Kingdom Category : Norman-language surnames !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1cc11de53cad36a4f1acf7abed7afcc", "text": "Eunuchs in popular culture Eunuchs have appeared many times in popular culture . The Eunuch , a comedy by Roman playwright Terence . In The Country Wife , the main character , Mr. Horner , pretends to be a man turned eunuch by impotence caused by syphilis in order to gain access to the bedrooms of married women . Being proud of not being a eunuch is the subject of the song `` At Least You 're Not a Eunuch '' in the play Life and Death in Jaffna ( The Musical ! ) '' by Edward Cress Eunuchs appear often as villains in Hong Kong kung fu and wuxia films set in ancient China . For example , the films `` Dragon Inn ( Xin long men ke zhan ) '' , `` Butterfly and Sword ( Xin liu xing hu die jian ) '' , and `` A Touch of Zen ( Hsia nu ) '' all feature a eunuch or a group of eunuchs as the main villain . A popular eunuch villain used in ancient China stories is Eunuch Wei , who is based on a historical figure named Wei Zhongxian . Eunuch villains are usually in charge of powerful political posts , such as being the leader of the East Chamber . The Queen Salmissra , in David Eddings ' The Belgariad and The Malloreon , is only allowed to be served by eunuchs . Her Chief Eunuch Sadi becomes a principal character in The Malloreon , and is referred to in `` The Prophecy '' as `` The Man who is no Man . '' The character and narrator Taita in Wilbur Smith 's `` Egyptian '' ( 1991 - ) series of novels is a eunuch ( performed as a punishment while a slave ) . Bagoas was the eunuch favorite of Alexander the Great ( referenced above ) . Bagoas is the main character and narrator of The Persian Boy , a 1972 historical novel by Mary Renault . Punk rock band the Descendents wrote a song about a eunuch called `` Eunuch Boy '' , which was on their 1996 comeback album Everything Sucks . Eunuchs feature prominently in Montesquieu 's 1722 novel Lettres persanes , supposedly about Persian visitors to eighteenth-century France . Varys , a character in George R. R. Martin 's series A Song of Ice and Fire , later made into the HBO series Game of Thrones , is a eunuch by castration . A historical mystery series written by Mary Reed and Eric Mayer , beginning in 1999 , details investigations carried out by John , the eunuch Lord Chamberlain to Emperor Justinian I , in and around the sixth-century imperial court in Constantinople . In the 2006 film One Night With the King , Hadassah 's ( Esther 's ) would-be boyfriend , Jesse , is captured by the Persian empire and castrated . The 2002 historical science fiction novel The Years of Rice and Salt features many eunuchs in its opening section , including the character Kyu and the historical Chinese admiral Zheng He . Three best-selling novels by Jason Goodwin , The Janissary Tree , The Snake Stone and The Bellini Card , chronicle the investigations of Yashim Togalu , a Turkish eunuch detective to the Sultan 's royal court , in the Ottoman Empire of the 1830s . The historical novel Memoirs of a Byzantine Eunuch , by Christopher Harris ( 2002 Dedalus Books , ISBN 1-903517-03-6 ) The Japanese novel ( and later anime series ) Ai no Kusabi has within their caste system `` Furniture '' , or eunuchs who act as servants to the highest social class . The character Katze was once Furniture , but now works on the black market . In the Japanese anime Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( R2 ) the de facto rulers of the communist Chinese Federation are a group of eight eunuchs called `` High Eunuchs . '' The character Naboo the Enigma from the British comedy act and television series The Mighty Boosh is a eunuch . For the greater part of Iain Banks 's 1984 novel The Wasp Factory , the 16-year-old narrator Frank Cauldhame claims to be a eunuch , the result of being savaged by a dog when he was an infant . At the novels climax , Frank discovers that she was in fact born female . In the TV show Major Dad , a eunuch was in charge of the Security wives of Emir of Katodd . One of the characters that Voltaire 's Candide meets on his adventures is a eunuch . The Vampire Eli in John Ajvide Lindqvist 's novel Let The Right One In is a eunuch . However , this detail is not made abundantly clear in the book 's 2008 Film adaptation of the same title . The Yellow Bastard of the Sin City franchise . In the Red Dwarf episode `` Quarantine '' , Rimmer is said to have been Alexander the Great 's chief eunuch in a past life . In the manga `` Red River ( manga ) '' one of the main villains , Urhi , is a eunuch . The eunuch Manan is a major character in The Tombs of Atuan , the second book from Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea series . The story largely takes place in a large convent where no men are allowed , so a number of other eunuchs are mentioned . In Robert E. Howard 's short story The Scarlet Citadel , the main antagonist has a eunuch prison guard named Shukeli . It is stated that in him , normal human passions have been replaced by extreme sadism . In William Shakespeare 's play `` Twelfth Night '' , Viola initially decides to disguise herself as a eunuch named Cesario in order to serve Duke Orsino . In the 2015 video game The Witcher 3 : Wild Hunt , the loyal servant and bookie of head Redanian Intelligence Sigismund Dijkstra is a eunuch , called Happen the Eunuch . He takes care of the Bathhouse in Novigrad , which is open to both sexes . Category : Topics in popular culture", "title": "" } ]	fever
8eb90c3b072bf6f9e17e8677c2fcf1e1	Veronika Decides to Die is written by James Cameron.	[ { "docid": "b2132e4ee794b79e63edc67946b401c8", "text": "Veronika Decides to Die (film) Veronika Decides to Die is a 2009 psychological drama film directed by Emily Young and starring Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jonathan Tucker , Melissa Leo , David Thewlis and Erika Christensen , . The film is written by Larry Gross and Roberta Hanley and is adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Paulo Coelho . The setting of the movie is New York instead of the original location of the novel in Ljubljana , Slovenia .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f8898356e90296ff8a224044c804cff", "text": "Take Over (James Bond) Take Over is an unpublished 1970 James Bond novel purportedly written by Ian Fleming six years after his death . Spy author Donald McCormick believes this `` remarkable story '' is perhaps Ian Fleming 's strangest legacy . In 1970 a retired bank officer and his daughter who have never been identified claimed to have transcribed works from the `` great yonder '' by deceased authors . None of the works has ever been published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46723f9f9140780b7b0b13c7cedfc9c8", "text": "Paul Verhoeven Paul Verhoeven ( -LSB- ˈpʌu̯l vərˈɦuvə ( n ) -RSB- ; born 18 July 1938 ) is a Dutch film director , film producer , television director , television producer , and screenwriter . Verhoeven is active in both the Netherlands and Hollywood . Explicit violent and/or sexual content and social satire are trademarks of both his drama and science fiction films . He is best known for directing the films RoboCop ( 1987 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , Showgirls ( 1995 ) , Starship Troopers ( 1997 ) , and Elle ( 2016 ) . Verhoeven 's film Turkish Delight ( 1973 ) received the award for Best Dutch Film of the Century at the Netherlands Film Festival . His films altogether received a total of nine Academy Award nominations , mainly for editing and effects . Verhoeven won the Saturn Award for Best Director for Robocop . His Dutch war film Black Book ( 2006 ) was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language , and was voted the best Dutch film ever by the Dutch public in 2008 . In contrast , he won the Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture and Worst Director for Showgirls ( 1995 ) ; he is one of the few people to have accepted their award ( s ) in person . The Seattle Times praised Verhoeven by saying , `` Director Paul Verhoeven often appears to be a one-man Dutch movie industry , '' while The San Diego Union called Verhoeven `` a busy bee whose movies pollinate the festival circuit . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e66b36672c257ddb1fa2d2ea8353436", "text": "As Summers Die As Summers Die is a 1986 American made-for-television drama film starring Scott Glenn , Jamie Lee Curtis , Bette Davis and Beah Richards , directed by Jean-Claude Tramont . The film is loosely based on Winston Groom 's 1980 novel of the same name about greed , bigotry and justice in late 1950s segregationist southern Louisiana . It was filmed in Valdosta , Georgia and premiered on HBO on May 18 , 1986 . It was later released on VHS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23678af8b979acd82d8ac7d7045116f9", "text": "Jim Jarmusch James Robert `` Jim '' Jarmusch ( -LSB- ˈdʒɑrməʃ -RSB- born January 22 , 1953 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , actor , producer , editor , and composer . He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s , directing such films as Stranger Than Paradise ( 1984 ) , Down by Law ( 1986 ) , Mystery Train ( 1989 ) , Dead Man ( 1995 ) , Ghost Dog : The Way of the Samurai ( 1999 ) , Coffee and Cigarettes ( 2003 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Only Lovers Left Alive ( 2013 ) , and Paterson ( 2016 ) . Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002 . As a musician , Jarmusch has composed music for his films and released two albums with Jozef van Wissem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "905a2d9db5a9f3820ba0271ad135e4d3", "text": "Themes in Titus Andronicus Although traditionally Titus Andronicus has been seen as one of Shakespeare 's least respected plays , its fortunes have changed somewhat in the latter half of the twentieth century , with numerous scholars arguing that the play is more accomplished than has hitherto been allowed for . In particular , scholars have argued that the play is far more thematically complex than has traditionally been thought , and features profound insights into Ancient Rome , Elizabethan society , and the human condition . Such scholars tend to argue that these previously unacknowledged insights have only become apparent during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as only now has the ultraviolent content of the play achieved a sense of relevance . For example , in his 1987 edition of the play for the Contemporary Shakespeare series , A.L. Rowse writes ; `` in the civilised Victorian age the play could not be performed because it could not be believed . Such is the horror of our own age , with the appalling barbarities of prison camps and resistance movements paralleling the torture and mutilation and feeding on human flesh of the play , that it has ceased to be improbable . '' Similarly , director Julie Taymor , who staged a production Off-Broadway in 1994 and directed a film version in 1999 , says she was drawn to the play because she found it to be the most `` relevant of Shakespeare 's plays for the modern era ; '' She feels that the play has more relevance for us than it had for the Victorians ; `` it seems like a play written for today , it reeks of now . '' Because of this new found relevance , previously unrecognised thematic strands have thus come to the forefront . This article presents an overview of four of the most prominent themes in the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf066168524670e9addd23f531b3fcc", "text": "Wisconsin Death Trip (film) Wisconsin Death Trip is a 1999 American black-and-white and color docudrama film written and directed by James Marsh , based on the 1973 book of the same name by Michael Lesy . Original music for the film was composed by DJ Shadow , with original piano music for the closing credits by John Cale . The film dramatizes the photographs by Charles Van Schaick found by in the early 1970s by Lesy , connected to a series of macabre incidents that took place in Black River Falls , Wisconsin in the late 19th century , and , in part , the film was shot on location there . Marsh makes use of silent black-and-white recreations with voice-over narration by Ian Holm contrasted with contemporary color footage of the area . The film 's visual style was intended to carry the content of the film ; as Marsh said : I wanted to convey in the film the real pathos contained in a four line newspaper report that simultaneously records and dismisses the end of someone 's life . Wisconsin Death Trip was presented on the BBC documentary series Arena in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf0bde025d3b043178b4fe9ebd3ac0d", "text": "Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s . The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13a994e6f9a5d5163460e07d1d0f854b", "text": "007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning . The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia . The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "404f37782f82f6f4d8b3231f2b8ec4bc", "text": "Cameron Duncan Cameron Troy Duncan ( 20 April 1986 -- 12 November 2003 ) was a writer and director from New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f633df7110a51878a96762077d6424", "text": "The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough , published in 1999 , is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming 's secret agent , James Bond based on the 1999 film of the same name . It was only the second James Bond novel copyrighted by Ian Fleming Publications ( formerly Glidrose Publications ) . It was published in the United Kingdom by Hodder & Stoughton and in the United States by Putnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cadc0ef6a5915cf781141afe1e7090fe", "text": "Bullet to the Head Bullet to the Head is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Walter Hill . The screenplay by Alessandro Camon was based on the French graphic novel Du Plomb Dans La Tête written by Matz and illustrated by Colin Wilson . The film stars Sylvester Stallone , Sung Kang , Sarah Shahi , Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje , Christian Slater , and Jason Momoa . Alexandra Milchan , Alfred Gough , Miles Millar , and Kevin King-Templeton produced the film . The movie follows a hitman and a cop who are forced to work together to bring down a corrupt businessman and mafia boss after they are targeted by the latter 's associates . The film premiered at the International Rome Film Festival on November 14 , 2012 . The film received a wide United States release on February 1 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e33b6ac4eebbb17a94b3768881821d0", "text": "Pearl Jam Twenty Pearl Jam Twenty ( also known as PJ20 ) is a 2011 American rockumentary directed by Cameron Crowe about the band Pearl Jam . Preliminary footage was being shot as of June 2010 . Crowe completed filming in April 2011 , after using 12,000 hours of footage of the band for the documentary . The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and also had an accompanying book and soundtrack . The documentary charts the history of the band , from the demise of Mother Love Bone , their battle against Ticketmaster and the tragedy of the Roskilde Festival in 2000 . The film was presented theatrically at select cinemas in the US during the month of September 2011 , and premiered on October 21 , 2011 on PBS ' American Masters . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 24 , 2011 . A book , written by Jonathan Cohen , was published concurrent to the film 's release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48238a6b580630f11f8d4b07fa43b955", "text": "Cameron Watson (actor) Cameron Watson ( born October 6 , 1961 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , and director , best known for playing Bart Fallmont in the TV miniseries Dynasty : The Reunion . Watson attended the University of Montevallo , receiving a bachelor of fine arts degree in 1983 . After graduation , he began a professional acting career in New York City , studying with Herbert Berghof at the HB Studio in Greenwich Village and working in off-Broadway productions . He later moved to Los Angeles to act in film and television . Watson wrote and directed his first feature film , Our Very Own , in 2005 . The film stars Allison Janney , Keith Carradine , Jason Ritter , Cheryl Hines , Hilarie Burton and Mary Badham ( Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird ) in her first screen role in 40 years . Watson 's TV acting credits include Cheers , Wings , Ned & Stacey , Frasier , Caroline in the City , Profiler , Six Feet Under , CSI : Miami , The King of Queens and NYPD Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "769b58c3f85120b33ad3867830f808ab", "text": "For Your Eyes Only (soundtrack) For Your Eyes Only is the soundtrack for the 12th James Bond film of the same name . The theme song was written by Bill Conti ( music ) and Michael Leeson ( lyrics ) , and performed by Sheena Easton . The song was later nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe in 1982 . Easton also made Bond film history as the first ( and , to date , only ) artist to perform the theme song on-screen during the opening title sequence . Originally , the band Blondie was approached to write and perform the theme song for the film . They produced a song also called For Your Eyes Only that they turned in to the producers , however , this was rejected because the company wanted the Conti song and the band refused , and subsequently asked Easton to record an entirely new theme . Blondie eventually released their song on the 1982 album The Hunter . The track Make It Last All Night , performed by Rage and used for the scene at hitman Gonzales ' Spanish poolside , is notable for lyrics more suggestive than in almost any other Bond film . The soundtrack was composed by Bill Conti , since the series ' regular composer , John Barry , was unable to work in the UK for tax reasons ( he , like many high earning Britons , had become a tax exile in the 1970s ) . Barry had recommended Conti as a possible alternative . Conti 's score is notable for its use of disco elements ( which prompted Danny Biederman to write in the liner notes to the two-CD releaseThe Best of James Bond : 30th Anniversary Limited Edition , `` Conti 's largely disco-styled score feels more like a celebration of the music of the moment than a score of durability '' ) . During the main ski chase sequence ( the track Runaway ) , Conti showed that he had versed himself in the previous Bond films ' music , as his manages to evoke memories of the music from previous ski action in both OHMSS and The Spy Who Loved Me . This , Conti 's only contribution to the series to date , was released as an album concurrent with the film 's release and later on a bootleg compact disc in combination with John Barry 's music from Octopussy . When the soundtrack was officially released on CD in the year 2000 , six bonus tracks were added that further showed Conti 's versatile approach to the film , aiding the production in its return to a tougher , more realistic James Bond . Not released but also heard in the film is a brief homage to John Williams ' familiar theme from Jaws , when an unseen underwater horror ( it is revealed to be an attacker in a J.I.M. diving suit ) approaches within the sunken ship . This was the third Bond film in a row to wittily include familiar music from a classic film . Additionally , notes from the title song to The Spy Who Loved Me , `` Nobody Does It Better '' , can be heard as the tones of a key code for a security door early in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dc96ad219da48d7f61aab9ac54248de", "text": "The People vs. George Lucas The People vs. George Lucas is a 2010 documentary comedy film directed by Swiss director Alexandre O. Philippe . It explores the issues of filmmaking and fanaticism pertaining to the Star Wars franchise and its creator , George Lucas . The film combines filmmaker and celebrity interviews with fan films , mainly taken from the 2010 online video Star Wars Uncut , which were submitted via the film 's site . Interviewees include a variety of figures such as Neil Gaiman , MC Frontalot and Gary Kurtz . Lucas himself appears frequently in archival footage , but is never interviewed directly . The film discusses the extent to which the Star Wars franchise is an artistic creation of Lucas and subject to his vision versus a social phenomenon that belongs to the general public of fans and their participatory/remix culture . The film is dedicated to interviewee Jason Nicholl , a blogger at nukethefridge.com who died before the film 's release . The film was released on DVD on October 25 , 2011 . In June 2014 , it was reported that a sequel , titled The People vs. George Lucas -- Episode II , is in development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" } ]	fever
168aeffcf19226513cca87287788de00	A loss of supply can involve a constitutional convention.	[ { "docid": "5883664889ea9ae82f86b39d9135787e", "text": "Loss of supply Loss of supply occurs where a government in a parliamentary democracy using the Westminster System or a system derived from it is denied a supply of treasury or exchequer funds , by whichever house or houses of parliament or head of state is constitutionally entitled to grant and deny supply . A defeat on a budgetary vote is one such way by which supply can be denied . Loss of supply is typically interpreted as indicating a loss of confidence in the government . Not all `` money bills '' are necessarily supply bills . For instance , in Australia , supply bills are defined as `` bills which are required by the Government to carry on its day-to-day business '' . When a loss of supply occurs , a prime minister is generally required either by constitutional convention or by explicit constitutional instruction to either resign immediately or seek a parliamentary dissolution . Some constitutions , however , do not allow the option of parliamentary dissolution but rather require the government to be dissolved or to resign . A similar deadlock can occur within a presidential system , where it is also known as a budget crisis . In contrast to parliamentary systems , the failure of the legislature to authorize spending may not in all circumstances result in an election , because some such legislatures enjoy fixed terms and so can not be dissolved before a date of termination , which can result in a prolonged crisis . A deadlock between a head of state and the legislative body can give rise and cause for a head of state to prematurely dismiss the elected government , requiring it to seek re-election . If a government maintains the support of a majority of legislators or the elected parliamentary representatives , the blocking of supply by a head of state would be seen as an abuse of authority and power . Many western countries have removed or restricted the right of a head of state to block supply or veto a government budget unless there is overwhelming justification and cause for such action .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5fd36a3ad2555a4bb6f231d775267072", "text": "Repeal A repeal is the removal or reversal of a law . There are two basic types of repeal , a repeal with a re-enactment ( or replacement ) of the repealed law , or a repeal without any replacement . Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland . Under the common law of England and Wales , the effect of repealing a statute was `` to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed . '' This , however , is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978 . In parliamentary procedure , the motion to rescind , repeal , or annul is used to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70326ad8086e25752ca1d15e8093950e", "text": "Rare disasters A rare disaster is an economic collapse that is infrequent and large in magnitude , having a negative effect on an economy . Rare disasters are important because they provide an explanation of the equity premium puzzle , the behavior of interest rates , and other economic phenomena . The parameters for a rare disaster are a substantial drop in GDP and at least a 10 % decrease in consumption . Examples include financial disasters : the Great Depression and the 1997 Asian financial crisis ; wars : World War I , World War II , and regional conflicts ; epidemics : influenza outbreaks and the Asian Flu ; weather events ; and earthquakes and tsunamis ; however , any event that has a substantial impact on GDP and consumption could be considered a rare disaster . The idea was first proposed by Rietz in 1988 , as a way to explain the equity premium puzzle . Since then , other economists have added to and strengthened the idea with evidence , but many economists are still skeptical of the theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4c1466983696e963b3f6f6c95ce22a", "text": "Sovereign default A sovereign default ( -LSB- ˈsɒvrᵻn , _ - vərᵻn -RSB- ) is the failure or refusal of the government of a sovereign state to pay back its debt in full . Cessation of due payments ( or receivables ) may either be accompanied by formal declaration ( repudiation ) of a government not to pay ( or only partially pay ) its debts , or it may be unannounced . A credit rating agency will take into account in its gradings capital , interest , extraneous and procedural defaults , failures to abide by the terms of bonds or other debt instruments . Countries have at times escaped the real burden of some of their debt through inflation . This is not `` default '' in the usual sense because the debt is honored , albeit with currency of lesser real value . Sometimes governments devalue their currency . This can be done by printing more money to apply toward their own debts , or by ending or altering the convertibility of their currencies into precious metals or foreign currency at fixed rates . Harder to quantify than an interest or capital default , this often is defined as an extraneous or procedural default ( breach ) of terms of the contracts or other instruments . If potential lenders or bond purchasers begin to suspect that a government may fail to pay back its debt , they may demand a high interest rate in compensation for the risk of default . A dramatic rise in the interest rate faced by a government due to fear that it will fail to honor its debt is sometimes called a sovereign debt crisis . Governments may be especially vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis when they rely on financing through short-term bonds , since this creates a situation of maturity mismatch between their short-term bond financing and the long-term asset value of their tax base . They may also be vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis due to currency mismatch : if few bonds in their own currency are accepted abroad , and so the country issues mainly foreign-denominated bonds , decrease in the value of their own currency can make it prohibitively expensive to pay back their foreign-denominated bonds ( see original sin ) . Since a sovereign government , by definition , controls its own affairs , it can not be obliged to pay back its debt . Nonetheless , governments may face severe pressure from lending countries . In a few extreme cases , a major creditor nation , before the establishment of the UN Charter Article 2 ( 4 ) prohibiting use of force by states , made threats of war or waged war against a debtor nation for failing to pay back debt to seize assets to enforce its creditor 's rights . For example , Britain invaded Egypt in 1882 . Other examples include the United States ' `` gunboat diplomacy '' in Venezuela in the mid-1890s and the United States occupation of Haiti beginning in 1915 . Today a government which defaults may be widely excluded from further credit , some of its overseas assets may be seized ; and it may face political pressure from its own domestic bondholders to pay back its debt . Therefore , governments rarely default on the entire value of their debt . Instead , they often enter into negotiations with their bondholders to agree on a delay ( debt restructuring ) or partial reduction of their debt ( a ` haircut or write-off ' ) . Some economists have argued that , in the case of acute insolvency crises , it can be advisable for regulators and supranational lenders to preemptively engineer the orderly restructuring of a nation 's public debt - also called `` orderly default '' or `` controlled default '' . In the case of Greece , these experts generally believe that a delay in organising an orderly default would hurt the rest of Europe even more . The International Monetary Fund often lends for sovereign debt restructuring . To ensure that funds will be available to pay the remaining part of the sovereign debt , it has made such loans conditional on acts such as reducing corruption , imposing austerity measures such as reducing non-profitable public sector services , raising the tax take ( revenue ) or more rarely suggesting other forms of revenue raising such as nationalization of inept or corrupt but lucrative economic sectors . A recent example is the Greek bailout agreement of May 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32bdd5f1f9ce90b3b42d71a2cde63266", "text": "Product recall A product recall is a request to return a product after the discovery of safety issues or product defects that might endanger the consumer or put the maker/seller at risk of legal action . The recall is an effort to limit ruination of the corporate image and limit liability for corporate negligence , which can cause significant legal costs . It can be difficult , if not impossible , to determine how costly can be releasing to the consumer a product that could endanger someone 's life and the economic loss resulting from unwanted publicity . Recalls are costly . Costs include having to handle the recalled product , replacing it and possibly being held financially responsible for the consequences of the recalled product . A country 's consumer protection laws will have specific requirements in regard to product recalls . Such regulations may include how much of the cost the maker will have to bear , situations in which a recall is compulsory ( usually because the risk is big enough ) , or penalties for failure to recall . The firm may also initiate a recall voluntarily , perhaps subject to the same regulations as if the recall were compulsory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd6c0ee1ad377047cb0a3414bc9ab64e", "text": "Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902 was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to write the fundamental law of Virginia . The 1902 Constitution severely restricting suffrage among blacks and whites was proclaimed without submitting it to the people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ccaa4c38b12ccfb9d61667a0c088e85", "text": "Constitutional carry In the United States , the term constitutional carry , also called permitless carry , is a neologism for the legal carrying of a handgun , both openly and concealed , without the requirement of a government permit . The phrase does not typically refer to the unrestricted carrying of a long gun , a knife , or other weapons . The scope and applicability of such laws or proposed legislation can vary from state to state . The phrase `` constitutional carry '' reflects the view that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution permits no restrictions or other regulations on gun ownership . This ideal also stems from Supremacy Clause of The United States Constitution , found in Article V , Section 2 , wherein the Supremacy Clause declares the Constitution as the `` Supreme Law of the Land . '' , thus the term `` constitutional carry '' . Supporters of constitutional carry relate that the Second Amendment is decreed by the United States Constitution , aforementioned the `` The Supreme Law of the Land '' , and therefore takes precedence over any other gun law that would restrict or violate the right to keep or bear arms in any way . Many arguments against constitutional carry concern the connotation of the wording in the Second Amendment . Although District of Columbia v. Heller , decided by the Supreme Court of the United States ( SCOTUS ) in 2008 , suggests that some state or local controls may be allowed , at least as to certain types of weapons . Prior to Heller there have been many other cases that have upheld both state and federal gun control laws under the Second Amendment . The Heller case was extended by the Court in McDonald v. Chicago , decided in 2010 , holding the 2nd and 14th Amendments to the Constitution were `` fully incorporated '' and thus the right to '' ... keep and bear arms applies to the States and not ` in a watered-down version ' but ` fully applicable ' ... , '' and does limit State and local governments in passing laws that restrict this `` individual '' and `` fundamental '' right to '' ... keep and bear arms , '' for self-defense . Self-defense was considered by the SCOTUS a '' ... central component of the 2nd Amendment . '' All of the state laws described below operate in the context of federal regulation regarding the transfer and sale of firearms . Firearms and ammunition are subject to taxation as well . `` Constitutional carry '' is also sometimes known as `` Vermont carry '' , `` permitless carry '' , or `` unrestricted carry '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fc5066b7e68f47ac76305e462b03a4", "text": "United States House Committee on Natural Resources The U.S. House Committee on Natural Resources , or Natural Resources Committee ( often referred to as simply `` Resources '' ) is a Congressional committee of the United States House of Representatives . Originally called the `` Committee on Interior & Insular Affairs , '' the name was changed to the Natural Resources Committee in 1993 . The name was shortened to the Resources Committee in 1995 by the new Chairman , Don Young ( at the same time , the committee took over the duties of the now-defunct Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee ) . Following the Democratic takeover of the House of Representatives in 2006 , the name of the committee was changed back to its title used between 1993 and 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaa0cba79eca3df5f4bacc455d776052", "text": "Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It succeeded the First Continental Congress , which met between September 5 , 1774 and October 26 , 1774 , also in Philadelphia . The second Congress managed the colonial war effort , and moved incrementally towards independence , adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4 , 1776 . By raising armies , directing strategy , appointing diplomats , and making formal treaties such as the Olive Branch Petition , the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States . When the Second Continental Congress came together on May 10 , 1775 it was , in effect , a reconvening of the First Continental Congress . Many of the same 56 delegates who attended the first meeting were in attendance at the second , and the delegates appointed the same president ( Peyton Randolph ) and secretary ( Charles Thomson ) . Notable new arrivals included Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and John Hancock of Massachusetts . Within two weeks , Randolph was summoned back to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses ; he was replaced in the Virginia delegation by Thomas Jefferson , who arrived several weeks later . Henry Middleton was elected as president to replace Randolph , but he declined . Hancock was elected president on May 24 . Delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies were present when the Second Continental Congress convened . Georgia had not participated in the First Continental Congress and did not initially send delegates to the Second Continental Congress . On May 13 , 1775 , Lyman Hall was admitted as a delegate from the Parish of St. John 's in the Colony of Georgia , not as a delegate from the colony itself . On July 4 , 1775 , revolutionary Georgians held a Provincial Congress to decide how to respond to the American Revolution , and that congress decided on July 8 to send delegates to the Continental Congress . They arrived on July 20 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310537071392907853423c7c5ec56c8e", "text": "Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution . Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12 , 1776 , and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15 , 1777 . The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states . A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states . The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament . The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states , with an extremely limited central government . Even unratified , the document was used by the Congress to conduct business , direct the American Revolutionary War , conduct diplomacy with foreign nations , and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations . Actually the adoption of the Articles made no perceptible change in the federal government , because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing . That body was now taken over as the Congress of the Confederation ; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress , since its organization remained the same . As the Confederation Congress attempted to govern the continually growing American states , delegates discovered that the limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at doing so . As the government 's weaknesses became apparent , especially after Shays ' Rebellion , individuals began asking for changes to the Articles . Their hope was to create a stronger national government . Initially , some states met to deal with their trade and economic problems . However , as more states became interested in meeting to change the Articles , a meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25 , 1787 . This became the Constitutional Convention . It was quickly realized that changes would not work , and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced . On March 4 , 1789 , the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution . The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive ( the President ) , courts , and taxing powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72b27c80b36af10d0a4482a6985323e3", "text": "Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853 The Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853 met in order to consider changes to the Massachusetts Constitution . This was the third such convention in Massachusetts history held by delegates selected for the purpose : the first , in 1779 -- 80 , had drawn up the original document , while the second , in 1820 -- 21 , submitted a number of articles to a popular vote , resulting in the adoption of the first nine amendments and the rejection of a number of other proposals . Since 1853 , Massachusetts has had one subsequent constitutional convention , in 1917 -- 18 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c47da6e336e4a564a2ab069b96f4b41", "text": "Convention of 1832 The Convention of 1832 was the first political gathering of colonists in Mexican Texas . Delegates sought reforms from the Mexican government and hoped to quell the widespread belief that settlers in Texas wished to secede from Mexico . The convention was the first in a series of unsuccessful attempts at political negotiation that eventually led to the Texas Revolution . Under the 1824 Constitution of Mexico , Texas was denied independent statehood and merged into the new state Coahuila y Tejas . After growing suspicious that the United States government would attempt to seize Texas by force , in 1830 Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante enacted the Law of April 6 , 1830 which restricted immigration and called for customs duty enforcement . Tensions erupted in June 1832 , when Texas residents systematically expelled all Mexican troops from eastern Texas . The lack of military oversight emboldened the colonists to increase their political activity . On October 1 , 1832 , 55 political delegates met at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Texas . Notably absent was any representation from San Antonio de Béxar , where many of the native Mexican settlers ( Tejanos ) lived . The delegates elected Stephen F. Austin , a highly respected empresario , as president of the convention . Delegates passed a series of resolutions requesting , among other things , a repeal of the immigration restrictions , a three-year exclusion from custom duties enforcement , permission to form an armed militia and independent statehood . They also voted themselves the power to call future conventions . Before the petition could be delivered to Mexico City , the political chief of Texas , Ramón Músquiz , ruled that the convention was illegal and annulled the resolutions . In a compromise , the ayuntamiento ( city council ) of San Antonio de Béxar drafted a new petition with similar language to the convention resolutions and submitted it through proper legal channels . Músquiz forwarded the new document to the Mexican Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac0ec2813dcdd4c36491372d0976b2b0", "text": "Failure of issue In property law , a failure of issue is a situation in which a property-holder dies without leaving children who could have inherited their property . Before the nineteenth century , common law courts recognized a system of property laws where title would revert to the original grantor upon the failure of issue , but modern laws now permit property to pass to third parties when grantees no longer have living heirs to inherit the property .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c6ee95a1b9355f0e1351ceddad7bdc", "text": "Constitution of Quebec The constitution of Quebec comprises a set of legal rules which fall in either one of the follow categories : The provisions of the Constitution Act , 1867 pertaining to the provinces of Canada in general and Quebec in particular ; The organic laws relative to the distribution of powers of Quebec and the individual rights of persons . These are composed of some fifteen laws , the main ones being An Act respecting the National Assembly , the Executive Power Act , the Election Act , the Referendum Act , the Charter of human rights and freedoms , the Charter of the French language , etc. ; Most of the constitutional conventions concerned with the Crown of Canada , the Executive and the Parliament ; The common law rules on the royal prerogative exercised by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec ; The case law of the courts of Quebec and the federal courts of Canada ; The Parliament of Quebec has the power to modify certain parts of Quebec 's provincial constitution , while certain other parts can only be modified by going through the process of amending the Constitution of Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bf4222ca701311841f5fa40127b80a", "text": "Tyranny of the majority Tyranny of the majority ( or tyranny of the masses ) refers to an inherent weakness of direct democracy and majority rule in which the majority of an electorate can place its own interests above , and at the expense of , those in the minority . This results in oppression of minority groups comparable to that of a tyrant or despot . Potentially , through tyranny of the majority , a disliked or unfavored ethnic , religious , political , or racial group may be deliberately targeted for oppression by the majority element acting through the democratic process . American founding father Alexander Hamilton writing to Jefferson from the Constitutional Convention argued the same fears regarding the use of pure direct democracy by the majority to elect a demagogue who , rather than work for the benefit of all citizens , set out to either harm those in the minority or work only for those of the upper echelon . The Electoral College mechanism present in the indirect United States presidential election system , and the phenomenon of faithless electors allowed for within it , was , in part , deliberately created as a safety measure not only to prevent such a scenario , but also to prevent the use of democracy to overthrow democracy for an authoritarian , dictatorial or other system of oppressive government . As articulated by Hamilton , one reason the Electoral College was created was so `` that the office of President will never fall to the lot of any man who is not in an eminent degree endowed with the requisite qualifications '' . The scenarios in which tyranny perception occurs are very specific , involving a sort of distortion of democracy preconditions : Centralisation excess : when the centralised power of a federation make a decision that should be local , breaking with the commitment to the subsidiarity principle . Typical solutions , in this condition , are concurrent majority and supermajority rules . Abandonment of rationality : when , as Tocqueville remembered , a decision `` which bases its claim to rule upon numbers , not upon rightness or excellence '' . The use of public consultation , technical consulting bodies , and other similar mechanisms help to improve rationality of decisions before voting on them . Judicial review ( e.g. declaration of nullity of the decision ) is the typical way after the vote . In both cases , in a context of a nation , constitutional limits on the powers of a legislative body , and the introduction of a Bill of Rights have been used to counter the problem . A separation of powers ( for example a legislative and executive majority actions subject to review by the judiciary ) may also be implemented to prevent the problem from happening internally in a government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09cd81e6952eb668ea99ba5f73ceae48", "text": "Caroline affair The Caroline affair ( also known as the Caroline case ) was a diplomatic crisis beginning in 1837 involving the United States , Britain , and the Canadian independence movement . It began in 1837 when William Lyon Mackenzie and other Canadian rebels , commanding the ship Caroline , fled to an island in the Niagara River , with support from nearby American citizens . British forces then boarded the ship , killed an American crew member in the fighting , and then burned the ship and sent it over Niagara Falls . This action outraged the United States . In retaliations , a group of American and Canadian raiders attacked a British ship and destroyed it . There were several other attacks in 1838 between the British and Americans . The diplomatic crisis was defused by the negotiations that led to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842 , where both the Americans and British admitted to wrongdoing . In the aftermath , the incident led to the legal principle of the Caroline test . The principle states that the necessity for preemptive self-defense must be `` instant , overwhelming , and leaving no choice of means , and no moment for deliberation '' , as formulated by Daniel Webster in his response to British claims that they attacked the Caroline in self-defense . The Caroline test remains accepted as part of international law today . In 2008 , Thomas Nichols wrote :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d6caf39dc80d8e5e8062fe821fffe6f", "text": "Greek Constitution of 1844 The first constitution of the Kingdom of Greece was the Greek Constitution of 1844 . On 3 September 1843 , the military garrison of Athens , with the help of citizens , rebelled and demanded from King Otto the concession of a Constitution . The Constitution that was proclaimed in March 1844 came from the workings of the `` Third of September National Assembly of the Hellenes in Athens '' and was a Constitutional Pact , in other words a contract between the monarch and the Nation . This Constitution re-established the Constitutional Monarchy and was based on the French Constitution of 1830 and the Belgian Constitution of 1831 . Its main provisions were the following : It established the principle of monarchical sovereignty , as the monarch was the decisive power of the State ; the legislative power was to be exercised by the King - who also had the right to ratify the laws - by the Parliament , and by the Senate . The members of the Parliament could be no less than 80 and they were elected for a three-year term by universal suffrage . The senators were appointed for life by the King and their number was set at 27 , although that number could increase should the need arise and per the monarch 's will , but it could not exceed half the number of the members of Parliament . The ministers ' responsibility for the King 's actions is established , who also appoints and removes them . Justice stems from the King and is dispensed in his name by the judges he himself appoints . Lastly , this Assembly voted the electoral law of 18 March 1844 , which was the first European law to provide , in essence , for universal suffrage ( but only for men ) . Despite the fact that Otto accepted the establishment of a Constitutional regime , he was not inclined to enforce it and by breaking both the spirit and the letter of the Constitution he tried to gather as much power as he possibly could . On the night of October 10 , 1862 , the rising wave of discontent led the people and the military to rebel and to decide Otto 's deposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708b29c5fa3a6378659dc3593f87aeb", "text": "Origins of the War of 1812 The War of 1812 , a war between the United States , Great Britain , and Britain 's Indian allies , lasted from 1812 to 1815 . The U.S. declared war and historians have long debated the multiple factors behind that decision . There were several immediate stated causes for the U.S. declaration of war : First , a series of trade restrictions introduced by Britain to impede American trade with France , a country with which Britain was at war ( the U.S. contested these restrictions as illegal under international law ) ; second , the impressment ( forced recruitment ) of U.S. seamen into the Royal Navy ; third , the British military support for American Indians who were offering armed resistance to the expansion of the American frontier to the Northwest ; fourth , a possible desire on the part of the United States to annex Canada . An implicit but powerful motivation for the Americans was the desire to uphold national honor in the face of what they considered to be British insults ( such as the Chesapeake affair ) . American expansion into the Northwest ( Ohio , Indiana , Michigan , Illinois and Wisconsin ) was impeded by Indian raids . Some Canadian historians in the early 20th century maintained that Americans had wanted to seize parts of Canada , a view that many Canadians still share , while others argue that inducing the fear of such a seizure had merely been a U.S. tactic designed to obtain a bargaining chip . Some members of the British Parliament at the time and dissident American politicians such as John Randolph of Roanoke claimed that land hunger rather than maritime disputes was the main motivation for the American declaration . However , some historians , both Canadian and American , retain the view that desire to annex all or part of Canada was an American goal . Although the British made some concessions before the war on neutral trade , they insisted on the right to reclaim their deserting sailors . The British also had the long-standing goal of creating a large `` neutral '' Indian state that would cover much of Ohio , Indiana and Michigan . They made the demand as late as 1814 at the peace conference , but lost battles that would have validated their claims . The war was fought in four theatres : on the oceans , where the warships and privateers of both sides preyed on each other 's merchant shipping ; along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. , which was blockaded with increasing severity by the British , who also mounted large-scale raids in the later stages of the war ; on the long frontier , running along the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River , which separated the U.S. from Upper and Lower Canada ( Ontario and Quebec ) ; and finally along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico . During the course of the war , both the Americans and British launched invasions of each other 's territory , all of which were unsuccessful or gained only temporary success . At the end of the war , the British held parts of Maine and some outposts in the sparsely populated West while the Americans held Canadian territory near Detroit , but these occupied territories were restored at the end of the war . In the United States , battles such as New Orleans and the earlier successful defence of Baltimore ( which inspired the lyrics of the U.S. national anthem , The Star-Spangled Banner ) produced a sense of euphoria over a `` second war of independence '' against Britain . It ushered in an `` Era of Good Feelings , '' in which the partisan animosity that had once verged on treason practically vanished . Canada also emerged from the war with a heightened sense of national feeling and solidarity . Britain , which had regarded the war as a sideshow to the Napoleonic Wars raging in Europe , was less affected by the fighting ; its government and people subsequently welcomed an era of peaceful relations with the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7386c2624f4e19e0eaae2a624ed89b3", "text": "Cash and carry (World War II) Cash and carry was a policy requested by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt at a special session of the United States Congress on September 21 , 1939 , subsequent to the outbreak of war in Europe . It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1936 . The revision allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents , as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash , assuming all risk in transportation . However , the sale of war materials was not allowed . Though `` Cash and Carry '' concepts had been introduced in the Neutrality Act of 1936 , it only pertained to materials that could not be used in war efforts , which allowed them to aid warring countries . Originally presented to Congress by Senator Key Pittman ( D-NV ) earlier in 1939 , the bill was designed to replace the Neutrality Act of 1937 , which had lapsed in May 1939 . The bill had been defeated repeatedly by the Senate and the House on more than one occasion as Isolationists feared that passing the bill would draw the US into the conflict in Europe . However , President Roosevelt felt that further help was needed in Europe after Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 . The bill passed in late October , gaining approval from the House on November 5 , 1939 . The President gave his signature the same day . The purpose of this policy was to maintain neutrality between the United States and European countries while giving aid to Britain by allowing them to buy non war materials . Various policies , such as the Neutrality Acts of 1935 , 1936 , and 1937 , forbade selling implements of war or lending money to belligerent countries under any terms . The U.S. economy was rebounding at this time , following the Great Depression , but there was still a need for industrial manufacturing jobs . The cash and carry program helped to solve this issue and in turn Great Britain benefited from the purchase goods . This program also prevented US businesses interests backing the success or failure of any warring nation . Because of the conclusion of the Nye Committee , which asserted that United States involvement in World War I was driven by private interests from arms manufacturers , many Americans believed that investment in a belligerent would eventually lead to American participation in war . U.S. shipping interests were forbidden from entering into conflict zones and US passengers traveling on foreign ships did so at their own risk . The `` cash and carry '' legislation enacted in 1939 effectively ended the arms embargo that had been in place since the Neutrality Act of 1936 . It paved the way for Lend-Lease .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9879dc3edb3a4938245e745840c6b0c2", "text": "Vetocracy A vetocracy refers to a dysfunctional system of governance whereby no single entity can acquire enough power to make decisions and take effective charge . The term points to an excessive ability or willingness to use the veto power within a government or institution ( without an adequate means of any override ) . Such limitations may point to a lack of trust among members or hesitance to cede sovereignty . Some institutions which have been hampered by perceptions of vetocratic limitations ( and even responsible for their downfall ) include the Articles of Confederation , the Confederate States of America , and the League of Nations . The present-day United Nations Security Council is criticized for its inability to take decisive action due to the exclusive rights of veto power of permanent members . Thomas Friedman and Moisés Naím also used the term to describe the argument of Francis Fukuyama that the United States was facing such a crisis .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3d31e8b110e3d640bb37b67a49170bdd	Marlon Brando portrayed Lloyd Gruver.	[ { "docid": "b32b95bf5cf758eabea1cc9835f6946c", "text": "Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements . He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 . The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s . Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "91a2b7d39e83115ad074e756d023c1cd", "text": "Jerry Van Dyke Jerry Van Dyke ( born July 27 , 1931 ) is an American comedian and actor , the younger brother of Dick Van Dyke . He made his TV acting debut on The Dick Van Dyke Show with several guest appearances as Rob Petrie 's brother , Stacey . Later in his career from 1989 to 1997 , he portrayed Luther Van Dam on Craig T. Nelson 's ABC sitcom Coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea16382c775e115eae07213f85945ca4", "text": "Ten Wanted Men Ten Wanted Men is a 1955 Technicolor Western film from Columbia Pictures directed by H. Bruce Humberstone . It stars Randolph Scott , Jocelyn Brando , Richard Boone and Alfonso Bedoya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87aa9bfef9e7de3ee42354bbb8ecd9ef", "text": "Jane Eyre (1910 film) Jane Eyre is a 1910 American silent short classic drama produced by the Thanhouser Film Corporation . Adapted from Charlotte Brontë 's 1847 novel , Jane Eyre , the film mirrors the events and plot of the original book . The writer of the scenario is unknown , but Lloyd Lonergan probably adapted the work . The film 's director is often and erroneously claimed to be Theodore Marston , but Barry O'Neil or Lloyd B. Carleton are possible candidates . The cast of the film was credited , an act rare and unusual in the era . This was the first American , first English language and second or third worldwide movie adaptation , of at least 27 film and television versionsof the novel . Such repeated dissemination has made the Brontë sisters ' two major works ubiquitous . The single reel film , approximately 1000 feet long , was released on May 6 , 1910 . It was later credited by Edwin Thanhouser as marking the assured success of the company . The popularity of the production resulted in the production of additional copies , so the Thanhouser company had more orders than could be filled . Critical reception to the film was generally positive , but with some minor criticisms . The film is presumed lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc74e9c39329a404df62b3081e269a89", "text": "Beau Bridges Lloyd Vernet `` Beau '' Bridges III ( born December 9 , 1941 ) is an American actor and director . He is a three-time Emmy , two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner . He is also a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee . Bridges was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 7 , 2003 at 7065 Hollywood Boulevard for his contributions to the television industry . He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af03b63d03a923361788a1c057feb73", "text": "The Legend of Valentino The Legend of Valentino is a 1975 American television film written and directed by Melville Shavelson . It deals with real life events about the actor and sex symbol of the 1920s Rudolph Valentino . It was broadcast by ABC on November 23 , 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08df91a62055f89b4576b92776170337", "text": "Torin Thatcher Torin Thatcher ( 15 January 1905 -- 4 March 1981 ) was an English actor born in Bombay , British India , to English parents Torin James Blair Thatcher , a police officer , by his wife Edith Rachel , a voice and piano teacher , younger daughter of the Hon. Justice Sir Herbert Batty , a puisne judge of the High Court of Bombay . He was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains . He was educated in Britain at Bedford School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . He worked as a schoolmaster before first appearing on the London stage in 1927 and then entering British films in 1934 . He appeared in the 1937 Old Vic stage production of Hamlet , in which Laurence Olivier made his first appearance in the title role , opposite Vivien Leigh as Ophelia . During the Second World War , he served with the Royal Artillery and was demobilised with the rank of lieutenant colonel . Thatcher appeared in classic British films of the late 1930s and 1940s , including Major Barbara ( 1941 ) and Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , in which he played Bentley Drummle . He moved to Hollywood in the 1950s . He was constantly in demand , invariably lending his looming figure and baleful countenance to sinister or stern roles in popular costume thrillers such as The Crimson Pirate ( 1952 ) , Blackbeard the Pirate ( 1952 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) ( as the disapproving father of Marcellus ) , The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) , Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) , Darby 's Rangers ( 1958 ) and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ( 1958 ) . He also appeared in the Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty . He returned to the stage quite frequently , notably on Broadway , in such esteemed productions as Edward , My Son ( 1948 ) , That Lady ( 1949 ) and Billy Budd ( 1951 ) . In 1959 , he portrayed Captain Keller in the award-winning play The Miracle Worker with Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke . All of these plays were filmed , but Thatcher did not appear in the film versions . Also a steady fixture on television , he appeared in such made-for-TV films as adaptations of A.J. Cronin 's Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) and The Citadel ( 1960 ) , Bonanza ( 1961 ) , and Brenda Starr ( 1976 ) . He also played the title role in a Philco Television Playhouse version of Othello and acted in a CBS production of Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) . He appeared in programmes such as The Real McCoys , Thriller , Gunsmoke , Perry Mason , Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea , Daniel Boone and Mission : Impossible . He was cast as the sly space trader in an episode of Lost in Space . Thatcher , if not for his distinguished career , has become recognised by several generations of fans of Star Trek : The Original Series from his performance as Marplon , secretly a member of the resistance in the episode `` The Return of the Archons '' . Thatcher died of cancer on 4 March 1981 , in Thousand Oaks , California , USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b454573028840571611976ae9df969a8", "text": "The Great Moment (1944 film) The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges . Based on the book Triumph Over Pain ( 1940 ) by René Fülöp-Miller , it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton , a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia . The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field , and features Harry Carey , William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall . The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years , and the released version differed from what Preston Sturges had wished , although he publicly accepted the film as his own . Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made , and pulled it from his control , re-titled and re-edited it , in the process making it ( especially in the early segment ) more confusing for the audience to understand . The studio 's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges ' comedies . The film was not well received by the critics or the public , and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges , who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released . Although rarely seen today , the film is worth viewing for its flashback structure -- comparable in some ways to Citizen Kane , which was influenced by the earlier film The Power and the Glory , for which Sturges wrote the screenplay -- and for its irreverent and subtly satirical tone , unusual for a time when most Hollywood biopics were over-inflated and sentimental . In 2003 a medical-dental historian in a lengthy analysis of the movie and its history -- which cited its flashback structure , timeless subject , injections of humor , and `` un-Pasteur-like '' treatment of its protagonist , while adhering reasonably well to the historical record -- concluded that `` The Great Moment may now be due for a general reevaluation by movie historians and critics who , like most folks , have never felt much affection for dentists past and present . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90bd0462c1c496962a546cb8dcfd53b9", "text": "A Season of Giants A Season of Giants ( La primavera di Michelangelo , also known as Michelangelo : The Last Giant ) is a 1990 American-Italian biographical drama television film directed by Jerry London . Based on the Vincenzo Labella 's book Una stagione di giganti , it depicts real life events of Michelangelo , his youth , his approach with art , his friendship with Leonardo and Raphael and his involvement in great political and religious events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ff8ad04500e03f5003d62705c4e369d", "text": "Oscar Wilde (play) The play Oscar Wilde , written by Leslie and Sewell Stokes , is based on the life of the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde in which Wilde 's friend , the controversial author and journalist Frank Harris , appears as a character . The play , which contains much of Wilde 's actual writings , starts with Wilde 's literary success and his friendship with Lord Alfred Douglas , turns into a courtroom melodrama , and ends with Wilde as a broken alcoholic after two years in prison . Owing to the play 's subject matter it was never granted a licence by the Lord Chamberlain and could , therefore , only be staged in England at a theatre club where membership was required . The play 's first production at London 's Gate Theatre Studio in 1936 , starred Robert Morley as Wilde and was produced by Norman Marshall . Opening on 29 September , the play ran for six weeks and proved to be one of the theatre 's most successful productions . Later in New York in 1938 , again with Morley in the title role , the play became a major award-winning success on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre where it opened on 10 October and ran for 247 performances . This success launched Robert Morley 's career as a stage actor on both sides of the Atlantic . Coinciding with the Broadway production there was also a four-week revival in London at the Arts Theatre starring Francis L. Sullivan and produced by Ronald Adam , which opened on 25 October 1938 . The play was revived again at the Bolton 's Theatre Club , starring Frank Pettingell and directed by Leslie Stokes , in 1948 . The film Oscar Wilde , based on the Stokes brothers ' play , was released in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a063ec179338d902f7593839a3aa8c93", "text": "Anton Grot Anton Grot ( 18 January 1884 -- 21 March 1974 ) was a distinguished Polish art director long in Hollywood . He was known for his prolific output with Warner Brothers , contributing , in such films as Little Caesar , and Gold Diggers of 1933 to the distinctive Warners look and style . According to TCM.com , he showed a `` flair for harsh realism , Expressionistic horror and ornate romantic moods alike '' . He was born Antocz Franciszek Groszewski in Kiełbasin , Poland and died in Stanton , California . He studied at the Krakow art academy and at technical school in Koenigsberg , Germany , majoring in interior decoration , illustration , and design . He changed his name and emigrated to the U.S. in 1909 . The Lubin Company hired him to paint and design sets in 1913 , in Philadelphia ; and he also worked on films for Vitagraph and Pathé . At Pathé he developed his innovative techniques , along with William Cameron Menzies , in the way of using continuity sketches . His method of presenting a series of sketches of all the film 's sets would later become standard practice among Art Directors , particularly with Menzies ( his assistant in 1917 , on The Naulahka ) . Cinematographer Arthur Miller remembered Anton Grot : `` a gifted and talented artist who made beautiful charcoal drawings ... of the set before it was completed . All his compositions showed a full shot of each set , with all the delicate tones and shadings that suggested ideas for lighting and , in general , were of great help to me as a cameraman . '' Grot came to Hollywood in 1922 to assist Wilfred Buckland with the sets for the Douglas Fairbanks Robin Hood ; and stayed on , to work with Cecil B. DeMille and William K. Howard . He was eventually signed by Warner Bros , as `` art director , artist , and designer '' , and designed 80 films before his retirement in 1948 . Grot collaborated notably with fellow émigré , director Michael Curtiz , on 15 films . Beginning with the biblical epic Noah 's Ark ( 1928 ) , these included The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex ( 1938 ) , Captain Blood ( 1935 ) , The Sea Hawk ( 1940 ) , and Mildred Pierce ( 1945 ) . Grot is credited with contributing significantly to Curtiz ' personal style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447e5d8c0d6b75ffd3d492d9a01ca829", "text": "Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . '' Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) . His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra . Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre . He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37fc246ad14b06cfe5ceb0620a118c1c", "text": "Howard Freeman Howard Freeman ( December 9 , 1899 -- December 11 , 1967 ) was an American stage actor of the early 20th century , and film and television actor of the 1940s through the 1960s . Freeman was born in Helena , Montana , and began working as a stage actor in his 20s . He did not enter the film industry until he was over 40 , in 1942 , when he played a small uncredited role in Inflation . Despite his late start in film acting , Freeman would build himself a fairly substantial career in that field that would last over twenty three years . From 1943 onward he worked on a regular basis , sometimes in uncredited roles , but more often than not in small but credited bit or supporting parts . He appeared in ten films in 1943 , and another eighteen from 1944 through 1945 . In 1946 Freeman would appear in twelve films , the most notable of which was his first film of that year , Abilene Town , starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges , and California , starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ray Milland . From 1947 through 1950 Freeman appeared in twenty films , and in 1951 he began appearing on numerous television series , which would be his main acting roles for the remainder of his career , lasting into 1965 . He appeared in three episodes of Studio One , along with many other TV series , including Car 54 , Where Are You ? and Route 66 . He retired from film and television acting in 1965 , and settled into retirement in New York City , where he was living at the time of his death on December 11 , 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33698854203a3043d8fb4f23700c89e3", "text": "Prestige (film) Prestige is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Tay Garnett and written by Tay Garnett , Rollo Lloyd and Francis Edward Faragoh . The film stars Ann Harding , Adolphe Menjou , Melvyn Douglas and Guy Bates Post . The film was released on January 22 , 1932 , by RKO Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84f4149ab4f770b67c98e12ee69cd23f", "text": "Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks . Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after . After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run . Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances . Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1919d3c258f4fc9d700894379675ac01", "text": "Rebel Without a Cause Rebel Without a Cause is a 1955 American drama film about emotionally confused suburban , middle-class teenagers filmed in CinemaScope . Directed by Nicholas Ray , it offered both social commentary and an alternative to previous films depicting delinquents in urban slum environments . The film stars James Dean , Sal Mineo and Natalie Wood . The film was a groundbreaking attempt to portray the moral decay of American youth , critique parental style , and explore the differences and conflicts between generations . The title was adopted from psychiatrist Robert M. Lindner 's 1944 book , Rebel Without a Cause : The Hypnoanalysis of a Criminal Psychopath . The film itself , however , does not reference Lindner 's book in any way . Warner Bros. released the film on October 27 , 1955 . Over the years , the film has achieved landmark status for the acting of cultural icon James Dean , fresh from his Oscar nominated role in East of Eden and who died before the film 's release , in his most celebrated role . This was the only film during Dean 's lifetime in which he received top billing . In 1990 , Rebel Without a Cause was added to the Library of Congress 's National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b392c8939ebfbf08c9d1c3ace5968ab8", "text": "Chris Valentino Chris Valentino is an American producer , brand strategist and visual storyteller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73085394ca9bda52d4a3302b36c33983", "text": "Garey Bridges Garey Bridges ( born 11 August 1969 in London , England ) is a British actor , best known for playing the role of Lloyd Tavernier in the BBC soap opera EastEnders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd32bac91ffb0d2f9bdc9b2e9d24da6", "text": "Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope . Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films . Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows . He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick . Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) . Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . '' He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH . Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .", "title": "" } ]	fever
23768ee2c52110bb03c880d6b2ce07ed	Narendra Modi is serving as the 14th Prime Minister of India.	[ { "docid": "5ed42ba0bda36b3dbaa7355ee01c772c", "text": "Narendra Modi Narendra Damodardas Modi ( -LSB- ˈnəɾeːnd̪rə d̪aːmoːd̪əɾˈd̪aːs ˈmoːd̪iː -RSB- , born 17 September 1950 ) is an Indian politician who is the 14th and current Prime Minister of India , in office since May 2014 . He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 , and is the Member of Parliament for Varanasi . Modi , a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) , is a Hindu nationalist and member of the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . Born to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar , Modi helped his father sell tea as a child , and later ran his own stall . He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight , beginning a long association with the organisation . He left home after graduating from school , partly because of an arranged marriage which he rejected . Modi traveled around India for two years , and visited a number of religious centres . He returned to Gujarat and moved to Ahmedabad in 1969 or 1970 . In 1971 he became a full-time worker for the RSS . During the state of emergency imposed across the country in 1975 , Modi was forced to go into hiding . The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 , and he held several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001 , rising to the rank of general secretary . Modi was appointed Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001 , due to Keshubhai Patel 's failing health and poor public image following the earthquake in Bhuj . Modi was elected to the legislative assembly soon after . His administration has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots , or otherwise criticised for its handling of it , although a court found no evidence to prosecute Modi . His policies as chief minister , credited with encouraging economic growth , have received praise . His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health , poverty , and education indices in the state . Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election , which gave the party a majority in the Lok Sabha , the first time a single party had achieved this since 1984 . Modi himself was elected to parliament from Varanasi . Since taking office , Modi 's administration has tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy , increased spending on infrastructure , and reduced spending on healthcare and social welfare programmes . Modi has attempted to improve efficiency in the bureaucracy , and centralised power through the abolition of the planning commission . He has begun a high-profile sanitation campaign , and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws . Credited with engineering a political realignment towards right-wing politics , Modi remains a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his role during the 2002 Gujarat riots , cited as evidence of an exclusionary social agenda .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "555ff67d8b6401067579dc66dce8bf9f", "text": "Government of India The Government of India ( GoI ) is the federal government created by the Constitution of India as the legislative , executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally sovereign , socialist , secular , democratic republic , constitutionally called the Republic of India . It is located in New Delhi , the capital of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d74eed5651fec4ae710734daab774fde", "text": "Cabinet of Pakistan The Cabinet of Pakistan is composed and consisted of the most senior and elected officers of the executive branch of the Government of Pakistan . All cabinet secretariats are directed and perform their government administrative operations by people-elected statesmen and officers who are generally designated as `` Ministers '' of their cabinet secretariats . The existence of the Cabinet dates back to first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan who appointed the first cabinet of numbers of civil servants and statesmen to assist to advise him and to assist him in carrying out his government duties . The Cabinet federally directs its operations under the powers granted by the Constitution , which is constitutionally established under the Article 81D of the Constitution that granted the existence of the Cabinet . All Cabinet members are nominated and appointed by people-elected Prime minister , and are sworn with the Prime Minister , by the President to begin their duties and secretariat operations . The Prime Minister directs the government and oversees the government operations and duties of secretariat , with numbers of state ministers and advisers to provide and assist him . The Prime Minister plays an influential role in running the government , which means the Prime minister may dismiss them or reappoint them ( to other posts ) at will . In June 2013 , a new cabinet was announced by the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ; all cabinet officials are from the Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) ( PMLN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1313f09f907d377ccc30a91d46aaeb8f", "text": "Prime Minister of India The Prime Minister of India ( Hindi : भारत के प्रधानमन्त्री , Bhārat kē Pradhānamantrī ) is the head of government and leader of the executive branch of the Government of India . The Prime Minister is also the chief adviser to the President of India and head of the Council of Ministers . They can be a member of any of the two houses of Parliament ( the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha ) , but has to be the leader of the political party , having a majority in the Lok Sabha . The Prime Minister is the senior member of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system . The Prime Minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet ; allocates posts to members within the Government ; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet . The federal or union cabinet headed by the Prime Minister is appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive . Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75 ( 3 ) . The Prime Minister shall always enjoy the confidence of Lok Sabha and shall resign if they are unable to prove majority when instructed by the President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e971430f5465c0bce8a2415cac5d8d82", "text": "National Security Advisor (India) The National Security Advisor ( NSA ) is the chief executive of the National Security Council ( NSC ) , and the primary advisor to the Prime Minister of India on national and international security . It is the National Security Advisor to whom intelligence agencies such as the Research and Analysis Wing and Intelligence Bureau report , rather than directly to the Prime Minister . Due to such vested powers , NSA is a prominent and powerful office in the bureaucracy . All the NSAs appointed since the inception of the post belong to the Indian Foreign Service except M K Narayanan and the incumbent , Ajit Doval , who belong to the Indian Police Service . The National Security Advisor ( NSA ) is tasked with regularly advising the Prime Minister on all matters relating to internal and external threats to the country , and oversees strategic issues . The NSA of India also serves as the Prime Minister 's Special Interlocutor on border issues with China , and frequently accompanies the Prime Minister on Foreign State visits . The directors of R&AW and IB technically report to the NSA rather than the Prime Minister directly . The NSA receives all intelligence reports and co-ordinates them to present before the Prime Minister . NSA is assisted by a Deputy NSA . Former Indian Foreign Service officer Dr Arvind Gupta currently serves as deputy National Security Advisor , succeeding Indian Police Service officer Nehchal Sandhu . Brajesh Mishra was appointed the first National Security Advisor of India . The post was created on 19 November 1998 by the Government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28f22aff02e1ea3f8e91a87b7358576c", "text": "Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi The Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi is the deputy chief executive of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in north India . According to the Constitution of India , the lieutenant governor is Delhi 's de jure head , but de facto executive authority rests with its chief minister . Following elections to the Delhi Legislative Assembly , the lieutenant governor usually invites the party with a majority of seats to form the government . The President of India , on the advice of the lieutenant governor , appoints the chief minister , whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8a5cb26f1077d89e239eaa593b9774", "text": "Pollution of the Ganges Pollution of the Ganges ( or Ganga ) , the largest river in India , poses significant threats to human health and the larger environment . Severely polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants , the river provides water to about 40 % of India 's population across 11 states , serving an estimated population of 500 million people or more , more than any other river in the world . Today , Ganges is considered to be the fifth most polluted river in the world . Raghubir Singh has noted that no one in India spoke of the Ganges as polluted until the late 1970s . However , pollution has been an old and continuous process in the river as by the time people were finally speaking of the Ganges as polluted , stretches of over six hundred kilometers were essentially ecologically dead zones . A number of initiatives have been undertaken to clean the river but failed to deliver desired results . After getting elected , India 's Prime minister Narendra Modi affirmed to work in cleaning the river and controlling pollution . Subsequently , the Namami Ganga project was announced by the government in the July 2014 budget . An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores have been spent till July 2016 in various efforts in cleaning up of the river .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5fc26a323ea17780623c282daf45cb1", "text": "Devendra Fadnavis Devendra Gangadhar Fadnavis ( born 22 July 1970 ) is an Indian politician and 18th , incumbent Chief Minister of Maharashtra holding the office from 31 October 2014 . A member of Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh , at the age of 44 , he became the second youngest Chief Minister of Maharashtra after Sharad Pawar . Fadnavis represents the Nagpur South West constituency in Maharashtra Legislative Assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "399c0511c001acd9e083df5aa9abc4c8", "text": "Social movement in India From the early 1970s new forms of social mobilisation began in India . They gained a variety of names such as social movement , people 's movement , popular movements etc. . These movements emerged and highlighted some of the major issues such as gender and environment . One of the leading analyst and participant in social movements in India , Sanjay Sangvi , identified the major agendas of them as `` Movements of landless , unorganised labour in rural and urban areas , adivasis , dalits , displaced people , peasants , urban poor , small entrepreneurs and unemployed youth took up the issues of livelihood , opportunities , dignity and development . '' Most well known movements in the country are Chipko movement , Save Silent Valley , Narmada Bachao Andolan , Koel Karo , Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha , Jhola Aandolan chutmarika ( fighting polythene ) , Appiko movement , Save Kudremukh , Lok Satta Movement , Swadhyay Movement , Swatantra Sharad Joshi , Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha These movements largely distanced themselves from political parties , or tried to cut across the ideologies of the political parties . Yet many of them rooted themselves or drew from ideologies of the Mahatma Gandhi , various shades environmentalisms or gender politics , or socialism . The most recent of social movements is ` Campaign against corruption ' , April 2011 , led by a group of social activists - Anna Hazare , Arvind Kejriwal , Kiran Bedi , a Gandhian sits on , Sri Ram Burgula the heart of New Delhi , capital of India , for fast unto death , demanding enactment of the long pending Jan Lokpal Bill . This movement got support of general masses and media . This created a buzz when political leaders were denied sharing of dias with the social activists . This movement is a landmark in the constitutional history of independent India , which has forced government to include 5 non-official members in the Sri Ram Burgula Bill Drafting committee . Usually , only ministers are members of any legislation drafting committees . While enactment of the law and action by Sri Ram Burgula and Sri Ram Burgula ( ombudsmen ) will take some more time to be on actual ground , this movement has certainly made corruption a major social issue in India . Some of the popular leaders of such movements are Sunderlal Bahuguna , Medha Patkar , Baba Amte , Vandana Shiva , Vijaypal Baghel , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d04e43409600a1f942eb4f15a3d92dba", "text": "2016 Indian banknote demonetisation On 8 November 2016 , the Government of India announced the demonetisation of all and banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series . The government claimed that the action would curtail the shadow economy and crack down on the use of illicit and counterfeit cash to fund illegal activity and terrorism . The sudden nature of the announcement -- and the prolonged cash shortages in the weeks that followed -- created significant disruption throughout the economy , threatening economic output . The move was heavily criticised as poorly planned and unfair , and was met with protests , litigation , and strikes . Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi announced the demonetisation in an unscheduled live televised address at 20:00 Indian Standard Time ( IST ) on 8 November . In the announcement , Modi declared that use of all 500 and 1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series would be invalid past midnight , and announced the issuance of new 500 and 2000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series in exchange for the old banknotes . The BSE SENSEX and NIFTY 50 stock indices fell over 6 percent on the day after the announcement . In the days following the demonetisation , the country faced severe cash shortages with severe detrimental effects across the economy . People seeking to exchange their bank notes had to stand in lengthy queues , and several deaths were linked due to the rush to exchange cash . Initially , the move received support from several bankers as well as from some international commentators . It was heavily criticised by members of the opposition parties , leading to debates in both houses of parliament and triggering organised protests against the government in several places across India . The move is considered to have reduced the country 's GDP and industrial production . As the cash shortages grew in the weeks following the move , the demonetisation was heavily criticised by prominent economists and by world media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ece05e0e87df60287e8c01594a5122fa", "text": "List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra The Chief Minister of Maharashtra , a western Indian state , is the head of the Government of Maharashtra . As per the Constitution of India , the governor is the state 's de jure head , but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister . Following elections to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly , the governor usually invites the party ( or coalition ) with a majority of seats to form the government . The governor appoints the chief minister , whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly . Given that he or she has the confidence of the assembly , the chief minister 's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits . Yashwantrao Chavan was the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra . He belonged to the Indian National Congress , as did a majority of the officeholders . Serving since 31 October 2014 , Devendra Fadnavis is the current incumbent , the first from the Bharatiya Janata Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e0eee4359f8624812b95117d503fcf", "text": "Parvesh Verma Parvesh Sahib Singh Verma ( born 7 November 1977 ) is an Indian politician and a Member of parliament from West Delhi Lok Sabha Constituency . He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) , the principal ruling party in the Indian Parliament and major political party in the Legislative Assembly of Delhi ( Delhi Vidhan Sabha ) . In May , 2014 he got Elected to 16th Lok Sabha . Since 1 Sep , 2014 onwards he is Member of the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament and Member of the Standing Committee on Urban Development . He is a son of senior BJP politician and former Chief Minister of Delhi , Sahib Singh Verma . He contested Mehrauli Vidhan Sabha constituency in the 2013 assembly election and defeated speaker of the Delhi Vidhan Sabha Yoganand Shastri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2422087ba5068bd1c216a00c5f5dd3e", "text": "Naveen Patnaik Naveen Patnaik ( born 16 October 1946 ) is 14th and current Chief Minister of Odisha . The supremo of the Biju Janata Dal , is also a writer and has published four books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c62d32c9595e78c3f60d94df94475140", "text": "B. C. Khanduri Major General ( Retd . ) Bhuwan Chandra Khanduri , AVSM , ( भुवन चन्द्र खण्डूड़ी born 1 October 1934 ) is an Indian politician . He has served as Chief Minister of Uttarakhand from 2007 -- 2009 and 2011-2012 . He is a Member of Parliament in the 16th Lok Sabha . He represents the Garhwal Parliamentary Constituency of Uttarakhand in Lok Sabha and is a senior member of the Bharatiya Janta Party . Earlier , He has also served as a Cabinet Minister , Ministry of Surface Transport of the Government headed by former Prime Minister of India , Atal Bihari Vajpayee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8541fe08f28cab079af69cbc2050b95", "text": "Karnataka Legislative Assembly The Karnataka Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Karnataka state in southern India . Karnataka is one of the seven states in India , where the state legislature is bicameral , comprising two houses . The two houses are the Vidhana Sabha ( lower house ) and the Vidhana Parishat ( upper house ) . The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise . The members of the Vidhana Parishat are elected indirectly by members of local bodies , teachers and graduates . There are 75 members of the Vidhana Parishat . Members of the Vidhana Parishat or Legislative Council normally have a term of six years , and are generally known as MLCs . There are 224 members of the Vidhana Sabha or the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka state . One member is a representative of the Anglo-Indian community nominated by the Governor of Karnataka . The state of Karnataka is divided into 225 constituencies used to elect the Legislative assembly . Each constituency elects one member of the assembly . Members are popularly known as MLAs . The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or `` first past the post '' electoral system . The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India . The normal term of the members lasts for five years . In case of death , resignation or disqualification of a member , a by-election is conducted for constituency represented by the member . The party which wins the most seats becomes the ruling party . In the 2013 elections , the Indian National Congress ( INC ) won a majority of seats , with 122 out of 224 MLAs . On 10 May 2013 , K. Siddaramaiah was chosen as Chief Minister and CLP leader by the MLAs . He was sworn in on 13 May 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab670e91c3b0efaf61210f71f2ddb918", "text": "Indian Defence Review Indian Defence Review ( IDR ) , the brainchild of former captain of the Indian Army , was launched on January 1 , 1986 as a logical continuum to Lancer established in 1979 , the first Indian publishing house dedicated to put forward the military experience and point of view . Under the professional stewardship of its first two editors , Lt Gen Mathew Thomas ( 1986 ) and Maj Gen Afsir Karim ( 1993 ) , both distinguished paratroopers , IDR began public engagement and national debate on military and security issues , which received immediate attention of the defence establishment , policy makers and national leadership in India . Continuing in this strong tradition and creating a niche , IDR publisher and its third editor , Capt Bharat Verma ( 1998 ) , succeeded in placing the national security challenges `` front and centre '' of the public debate . The reigns of this reputed Journal have passed into the hands of Lt Gen JS Bajwa ( Retired ) consequent to the sad and untimely demise of Capt Bharat Verma in July 2014 . With the launch of web version of the Journal , www.indiandefencereview.com in 2006 , IDR became India 's preeminent public publication on foreign policy and national security issues . The result of the spade work done by these three military officers in the private sector , for the first time brought the concerns of national security issues through a private forum in independent India to the national centre-stage . IDR remains a highly reliable , unbiased and unique source for government and defence officials , strategic planners , analysts , journalists and the general public on contemporary geo-political and geo-strategic issues presented by cerebral professionals . In addition , IDR extensively covers foreign policy , aerospace trends , naval affairs , army force development , and internal security and the defence industry . The Journal is a trusted , independent and comprehensive source of critical information and insight that is necessary for public debate and civil discourse on matters related to India 's sovereignty , national integrity , security and defence . When important national security and defence issues arise , IDR is not only part of the conversation but also shapes the national debate . IDR brings together leading experts ( military , government and academia ) who provide the highest quality of well considered , timely and authoritative expert analysis of current national and international events , emerging trends relating to security and defence , historical analysis and strategic forecasting and offer realistic , practical and pragmatic solutions and policy options that help address security and defence challenges impacting India . IDR writers have made deep inroads into national security and defence debate once considered to be the preserve of the establishment in New Delhi , which in the past only relied and depended on analysis imported from foreign publications . IDR , the country 's premium and most prestigious journal , won accolades including `` India 's best known military publication '' and `` the most impressive , useful and independent publication '' and remains the `` most quoted '' . Considered a ` policy making journal , ' IDR is recommended reading by the Army , Navy , and the Air Force headquarters for officers . Today , IDR is acknowledged as one of the top journals in the defence sector , is available in `` print '' as well as `` on-line '' and interacts with the social media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89afb571c3956b255222092e5c997d92", "text": "Disqualification of convicted representatives in India On 10 July 2013 , the Supreme Court of India , in its judgement of the Lily Thomas v. Union of India case ( along with Lok Prahari v. Union of India ) , ruled that any Member of Parliament ( MP ) , Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) or Member of a Legislative Council ( MLC ) who is convicted of a crime and awarded a minimum of two year imprisonment , loses membership of the House with immediate effect . This is in contrast to the earlier position , wherein convicted members held on to their seats until they exhausted all judicial remedy in lower , state and supreme court of India . Further , Section 8 ( 4 ) of the Representation of the People Act , which allowed elected representatives three months to appeal their conviction , was declared unconstitutional by the bench of Justice A. K. Patnaik and Justice S. J. Mukhopadhaya . In an attempt to overturn this decision , the Representation of the People ( Second Amendment and Validation ) Bill , 2013 , was introduced into the Rajya Sabha on 30 August by Law Minister Kapil Sibal ; by the proposed amendment , representatives would not be disqualified immediately after conviction . The Indian government also filed a review petition , which the Supreme Court dismissed . On 24 September , a few days before the fodder scam verdict , the government tried to bring the bill into effect as an ordinance . However , Rahul Gandhi , Vice-President of the Indian National Congress , made his opinion of the ordinance clear in a press meeting : `` It 's complete nonsense . It should be torn up and thrown away . '' Members of opposition parties claimed that Gandhi 's comments indicated total confusion within the government , and called for the resignation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . Within 5 days , both the ordinance and the bill were withdrawn on 2 October . On 1 October 2013 , Rasheed Masood became the first MP to lose his membership of parliament under the new guidelines , when he was sentenced to four years imprisonment for cheating , forgery and corruption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b0dc2f0a09f6be55ef45f901c7ee8be", "text": "Rajesh Pilot Rajesh Pilot ( born Rajeshwar Prasad Singh Bidhuri 1945 -- 2000 ) was an Indian politician and a minister in the Government of India . He belonged to the Indian National Congress party and represented the Dausa constituency in Lok Sabha . His original name was Rajesh Bidhuri . Rajesh Pilot was born in Viadpura , a village in Ghaziabad District of Uttar Pradesh , to an armyman . His birthname was Rajeshwar Prasad Singh Bidhuri . He was brought up in the poor family of his uncle , in Delhi . Before joining politics , he served as a pilot in Indian Air Force , reaching the rank of squadron leader . Later , he adopted `` Pilot '' as his surname name . Rajesh Pilot resigned from his post of squadron leader to join politics , under the influence of his friend Rajiv Gandhi , who later became the Prime Minister of India . He emerged as a major Gurjar leader . In his first election as a candidate , Pilot defeated the former queen of Bharatpur . He sent Chandraswami to prison when he was the Internal Security Minister . Later , he lost the election for the post of the Congress president to Sitaram Kesri , but kept himself in the first line of Congress leaders . Rajesh Pilot died on 11 June 2000 in a car accident near Jaipur . India Post has issued a commemorative postage stamps of Rs . 5.00 on 11th June 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d33a014ae8cc07068b6bce423ec21a7", "text": "Modi Group The Modi Group ( consisting Godfrey Phillips India , Indofil Industries Ltd. , Modicare Limited ) is an Indian Business conglomerate based in New Delhi , India . It is a US $ 2.8 billion organization headed by Krishan Kumar Modi . The group has diversified business portfolio of making cigarettes , tea & beverages , entertainment , consumer products , multi-level marketing , chemicals , tertiary education and gourmet restaurants . In April 2010 , Krishan Kumar Modi , Chairman of Modi Group announced the succession plan for his business empire , quoting to Media about his business to be shared equally among his three children which at present is run by K K Modi Family Trust , of which he is the Managing Trustee . In June 2011 , The Modi Group announced that it was planning to acquire majority control in Godfrey Phillips India from Philip Morris , the American Tobacco Manufacturer . Both group had a 36 % share in the company until in 2009 , Modi Group acquired an additional 10.8 % stake in GPI from Philip Morris for US $ 27 million , taking its share to 47 % . As per the Joint Venture agreement , Modi Group has the right to take its holdings up to 51 % by buying further into Philip Morris ' holdings to gain majority control of the company . The deal brought Philip Morris ' stake down to 21 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad4b32578b6d04e8356e3cfdf766169", "text": "Janata Morcha The Janata Morcha ( `` People 's Front '' ) was a coalition of Indian political parties formed in 1974 to oppose the government of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her Congress ( R ) party . The coalition was an integral part of the popular movement against the Emergency rule of Indira Gandhi and the direct predecessor of the Janata Party , which defeated the Congress ( R ) in the Indian general election , 1977 to form the first non-Congress government in independent India . It was formed by Jayaprakash Narayan and Morarji Desai , chief of the main opposition Congress ( O ) party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52ea051856e84b07099e269d878c0f90", "text": "List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India . Instituted on 2 January 1954 , the award is given for the `` exceptional and distinguished service '' , without distinction of race , occupation , position , or sex . The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of Indiaa publication released weekly by the Department of Publication , Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices . The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette . Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored , both of which require the authority of the President , are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register . , none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored . The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments , the Ministries of the Government , the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients , the Institutes of Excellence , the Ministers , the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State , and the Members of Parliament including private individuals . The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee , constituted by the Prime Minister . The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval . When instituted in 1954 , the Padma Vibhushan was classified as `` Pahela Warg '' ( Class I ) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards ; preceded by the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award , and followed by `` Dusra Warg '' ( Class II ) , and `` Tisra Warg '' ( Class III ) . On 15 January 1955 , the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards ; the Padma Vibhushan , the highest of the three , followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri . The criteria includes `` exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants '' but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists . The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute . The award , along with other personal civil honours , was briefly suspended twice in its history ; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister . The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 , after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister . The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992 , when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being `` Titles '' per an interpretation of Article 18 ( 1 ) of the Constitution . The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995 , following the conclusion of the litigation . The recipients receive a Sanad ( certificate ) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award . The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1 +3 / 4 inch in diameter and 1/8 inch thick . The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1 +3 / 16 inch side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern . A raised circular space of diameter 1 +1 / 16 inch is placed at the centre of the decoration . A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text `` Padma '' written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text `` Vibhushan '' is placed below the lotus . The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto , `` Satyameva Jayate '' ( Truth alone triumphs ) in Devanagari Script , inscribed on the lower edge . The rim , the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text `` Padma Vibhushan '' of silver gilt . The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1 +1 / 4 inch in width . It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations . The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose , Nandalal Bose , Zakir Husain , Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher , V. K. Krishna Menon , and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck , who were honoured in 1954 . , the award has been bestowed on 300 individuals , including twelve posthumous and nineteen non-citizen recipients . Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards ; Vilayat Khan , Swami Ranganathananda , and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award ; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain ( 2011 ) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi ( 2016 ) declined their posthumous conferments , and 1986 recipient Baba Amte returned his honour in 1991 . Most recently on 25 January 2017 , the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients ; Murli Manohar Joshi , Sharad Pawar , Udupi Ramachandra Rao , Jaggi Vasudev , K. J. Yesudas and posthumously on Sunder Lal Patwa and P. A. Sangma .", "title": "" } ]	fever
947d2f5b41df1a0f90f90b0cd70b5031	Christopher Columbus was a republic citizen.	[ { "docid": "fb62b5c8504ee969c291bf83821087ef", "text": "Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus ( Cristoforo Colombo -- 20 May 1506 ) was an Italian explorer , navigator , and colonizer . A citizen of the Republic of Genoa , under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean . Those voyages and his efforts to establish permanent settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the European colonization of the New World . At a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies , motivated by imperialism and economic competition , Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies by sailing westward . This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown , which saw a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through this new route . During his first voyage in 1492 , he reached the New World instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended , landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named `` San Salvador '' . Over the course of three more voyages , he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles , as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America , claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile . Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas , having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century , but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas , inaugurating a period of exploration , conquest , and colonization that lasted several centuries . These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world . He spearheaded the transatlantic slave trade and has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives . Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion . Columbus never admitted that he had reached a continent previously unknown to Europeans , rather than the East Indies for which he had set course . He called the inhabitants of the lands that he visited indios ( Spanish for `` Indians '' ) . His strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola in 1500 , and later to protracted litigation over the benefits that he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "69394f2a73e7e6fdcda0ac9445a70c4f", "text": "Odón Betanzos Palacios Odón Betanzos Palacios ( September 16 , 1925 -- September 24 , 2007 ) was a Spanish poet , novelist , literary critic and professor , based in New York from 1956 until his death in 2007 . Odón Betanzos was also a tenured member of the Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española , of which was a Director and Corresponding Member of the Royal Spanish Academy , the Guatemalan , Filipino , Chilean , Colombian and Nicaraguan Language and the Hispanic Society of America . Moreover , he was president of the Hispanic Cultural Foundation in the United States and was in possession of the Commandery of the Order of Isabel the Catholic and the Civil Merit in the degree of Number granted by the King of Spain . He also received the Silver Medal of Andalusia in 1989 , Freedom Prize of the City of New York ( 1986 ) , Vasconcelos Award ( Mexico-1990 ) for his work of creation and Medal of Christopher Columbus from the Dominican Republic ( 1991 ) Also , the rocianero writer gave his name to a foundation and an International Poetry Competition -- the second largest in the province of Huelva , after Juan Ramon Jimenez - . He was also presidente del Círculo de Escritores y Poetas Iberoamericanos ( C.W.P.L. ) ( In English : President 's Circle Latin American Writers and Poets ( C.E.P.I. ) )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e5efdbaeb62e8a0c67bab745c089615", "text": "Ius __ NOTOC __ Ius or Jus ( Latin , plural iura ) in ancient Rome was a right to which a citizen ( civis ) was entitled by virtue of his citizenship ( civitas ) . The iura were specified by laws , so ius sometimes meant law . As one went to the law courts to sue for one 's rights , ius also meant justice and the place where justice was sought . On the whole , the Romans valued their rights as the greatest good of Roman citizenship ( Civitas Romana ) , as opposed to citizenship in other city-states under the jurisdiction of Rome but without Roman rights . Outsiders ( peregrini ) and freedmen ( libertini ) perforce used Roman lawyers to represent them in actions undertaken under the jurisdiction of Roman law . Representation was one of the civic obligations ( munera ) owed to the state by citizens . These munera ( on which account the citizens were municipes ) included military service as well as paying taxes , but specialized obligations might also be associated with functions of elected offices or assigned by the government , such as paying the cost of road or aqueduct maintenance . Some of these functions were highly lucrative , such as tax collecting , since the collector collected much more than he owed the government , but for the most part functionaries were appointed for their wealth and were expected to assume the costs as their munus . If they did not , they were tried and sometimes executed . Violation of the iura of other citizens , whether in office or out , was a serious matter , for which the punishment might be death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ef63c5309ecba070dcadc6385a096e", "text": "Assembly of the Republic (Portugal) The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese : Assembleia da República , -LSB- ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ dɐ ʁɛˈpublikɐ -RSB- ) is the Portuguese parliament . According to the Portuguese Constitution , the unicameral Assembly `` is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens . '' The constitution names the assembly as one of the country 's organs of supreme authority . It is located in a historical building in Lisbon , referred to as Palácio de São Bento ( Palace of Saint Benedict ) , the site of an old Benedictine monastery . The Palácio de São Bento has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 ( Cortes until 1910 , Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dbd8c6d0ed6f5d6dc0d81ab958f10fb", "text": "Roman Republic (disambiguation) The Roman Republic was the phase of Ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government . Roman Republic may also refer to : Commune of Rome in the 12th Century Roman Republic ( 18th century ) , a state that existed in Italy from 1798 -- 1800 as a client republic under the French Directory Roman Republic ( 19th century ) , a short-lived Revolutionary state in 1849", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f0dfaca7019ceef08761a5c9b81ee1", "text": "Domenico Colombo Domenico Colombo ( English : Dominic Columbus , Genoese : Domenego Corombo ) ( 1418 -- 1496 ) was the father of navigator Christopher Columbus and Bartholomew Columbus . He was also a middle-class weaver . There is speculation that the Dominican Republic , the island on which the younger Columbus first landed when reaching the New World , was named after Domenico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4598e8a6e459d06b2ea189171d5d5e7e", "text": "Early modern Europe Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century . Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s , the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487 , the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s , the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 , or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 . The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century Britain . Some of the more notable trends and events of the early modern period included the Reformation and the religious conflicts it provoked ( including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years ' War ) , the rise of capitalism and modern nation states , and European colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f06b5b20be6db6b7c4b7844fb808894", "text": "Diarchy A diarchy ( from Greek -LSB- , di - , `` double '' , and -LSB- , - arkhía , `` ruled '' ) or duumvirate ( from Latin duumviratus #Latin , `` the office of the two men '' ) is a form of government characterized by corule , with two people ruling a polity together either lawfully or by collusion and force . The leaders of such a system are usually known as corulers . Historically , ` diarchy ' particularly referred to the system of shared rule in British India established by the Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935 which devolved some powers to local councils which had included native Indian representation since 1892 . ` Duumvirate ' principally referred to the offices of the various duumvirs established by the Roman Republic . Both , along with less common synonyms such as biarchy and tandemocracy , are now used more generally to refer to any system of joint rule or office . A monarchy temporarily controlled by two or more people is , however , usually distinguished as a coregency . Corule is one of the oldest forms of government . Historical examples include Sparta 's joint kingdom , Rome 's consuls , and Carthage 's judges , and several ancient Polynesian societies . Systems of inheritance that often led to corule in Germanic and Dacian monarchies may be included as well , as may the dual occupants of the ranks of the Incan Empire . Modern examples of diarchies are Andorra , whose princes are the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell in Spain ; San Marino , whose republic is led by two Captains Regent ; and Swaziland , where sovereignty rests jointly in the king and his mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3338f009cda81e3a43ee38464d5dd82e", "text": "Columbus's vow Columbus 's vow ( El Voto colombino ) was a vow by Christopher Columbus and other members of the crew of the caravel Niña on 14 February 1493 , during the return trip of Columbus 's first voyage to perform certain acts , including pilgrimages , upon their return to Spain . The vow was taken at Columbus 's behest during a severe storm at sea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "619a3ee3ebb7317c1f6e7c72352726c2", "text": "Triangular trade Triangular trade or triangle trade is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions . Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come . Triangular trade thus provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the above regions . Historically the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents during the age of sail . For example , from the main trading nations of Western Europe it was much easier to sail westwards after first going south of 30 N latitude and reaching the so-called `` trade winds '' ; thus arriving in the Caribbean rather than going straight west to the North American mainland . Returning from North America , it is easiest to follow the Gulf Stream in a northeasterly direction using the westerlies . A similar triangle to this , called the volta do mar was already being used by the Portuguese , before Christopher Columbus ' voyage , to sail to the Canary Islands and the Azores . Columbus simply expanded the triangle outwards , and his route became the main way for Europeans to reach , and return from , the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0582437ed458a4a7b8b06c660cbde93", "text": "French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 . Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars . It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority . At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd755fae61d170b8f18958d15acaaea8", "text": "New Spain New Spain ( Nueva España ) was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire , in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama . It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521 , and following additional conquests , it was made a viceroyalty ( Spanish : virreinato ) in 1535 . The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas , it comprised Mexico , Central America , much of the Southwestern and Central United States , and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippines , Guam , Mariana and Caroline Islands . After 1535 the colony was governed by the Viceroy of New Spain , an appointed minister of the King of Spain , who ruled as monarch over the colony . The capital of New Spain was Mexico City . New Spain lost parts of its territory to other European powers and independence , but the core area remained under Spanish control until 1821 , when it achieved independence as the Mexican Empire -- when the latter dissolved , it became modern Mexico and Central America . It developed highly regional divisions , which reflect the impact of climate , topography , the presence or absence of dense indigenous populations , and the presence or absence of mineral resources . The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social , political , and economic organization . The northern area of Mexico , a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations , was not generally conducive to dense settlements , but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines . Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain , but vastly enriched Spain , and transformed the global economy . New Spain was the New World terminus of the Philippine trade , making the viceroyalty a vital link between Spain 's New World empire and its Asian empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b61ba7220df066f5b65f4bd316f98891", "text": "Juan de la Cosa Juan de la Cosa or sometimes Juan the Biscayan ( c. 1450 -- 28 February 1510 ) was a Spanish navigator and cartographer , known for designing the earliest European world map that incorporated the territories of the Americas that were discovered in the 15th century . De la Cosa played an important role in the first and second voyage of Christopher Columbus to the West Indies , since he was the owner and captain of the Santa María . In 1499 , he served as the chief pilot in the expedition of Alonso de Ojeda to the coasts of South America . Upon his return to Andalusia , he drew his famous mappa mundi ( `` world map '' ) and soon returned to the Indies , this time with Rodrigo de Bastidas . In the following years , De la Cosa alternated trips to America under its own command with special duties from the Crown , including an assignment as a spy in Lisbon and participation in the board of pilots held in Burgos in 1508 . In 1509 , he began what would be his last expedition , again with Ojeda , to take possession of the coasts of modern Colombia . De la Cosa died in an armed confrontation with indigenous people before he could get possession of Urabá .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce66f434e98f708965728f9563911c5d", "text": "Currency of Spanish America This article provides an outline of the currency of Spanish America ( las Indias , the Indies ) from Spanish colonization in the 15th century until Spanish American independencies in the 19th . This great realm was divided into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( capital : Mexico City ) , which came to include all Spanish territory north of Panama , the West Indies , Venezuela , and the Philippines , and the Viceroyalty of Peru ( capital : Lima ) , which included Panama and all Spanish territory in South America except Venezuela . The monetary system of Spanish America , originally identical to that of Spain , soon diverged and took on a distinctive character of its own , which it passed on to the independent nations that followed after .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c54bf1a6a0962c61f53a05d0bbdb426", "text": "Most Serene Republic Most Serene Republic ( Serenissima Respublica in Latin ) is a title attached to a number of European states through history . By custom , the appellation `` Most Serene '' is an indicator of sovereignty ( see also Serene Highness or Most Serene Highness for a sovereign prince ) ; consequently `` Most Serene Republic '' emphasizes the sovereignty of the republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063bc86d9380e38ac41c77ff96d5858a", "text": "Cartagena Manifesto The Cartagena Manifesto was written by Simón Bolívar during the Colombian and Venezuelan War of Independence , after the fall of the First Republic , explaining with great detail and precision what he believed to be the causes of this loss . It was written in Cartagena de Indias , on 15 December 1812 . This is the first of Bolívar 's public documents , which due to his later fame as the `` Liberator of five nations , '' have become quite well known . Prior to this , Bolívar had been an officer in the Venezuelan army ; now he was acting on his own . A few months after his arrival in Cartagena , he accepted a commission in the army of the United Provinces of New Granada , which later granted him permission to lead a force to free Venezuela , in what became known as the Admirable Campaign . The political , economic , social , and natural causes which Bolívar mentioned included : The use of a federal system , which Bolivar considered weak for a time of war Bad administration of the public income by the republican government The earthquake of Caracas of 1812 , which worsened the economic and political situation The impossibility of establishing a permanent army due to the intransigence of the general population The opposing influence of the Roman Catholic Church , which clandestinely promoted anti-republican views", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c5c6a5ba6520899375e51a4fc65b8a2", "text": "La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic) La Trinitaria ( -LSB- la tɾiniˈtaɾja -RSB- , The Trinity ) was a secret society founded in Juan Pablo Duarte 's home situated in what today is known as Arzobispo Nouel Street , across from the `` Del Carmen 's Church '' in the then occupied Santo Domingo , the current capital of the Dominican Republic . The founder , Juan Pablo Duarte and a group of likeminded young people , led the struggle to establish the Dominican Republic as a free , sovereign , and independent nation in the 19th century . They helped bring about the end of the Haitian occupation of the island from 1822 to 1844 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e2e7bcbde40774ec4f51ea60d666e0", "text": "Archipelagic state An archipelagic state is any internationally recognized state or country that comprises a series of islands that form an archipelago . The term is defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to define what borders such states should be allowed to claim . In various conferences , Fiji , Indonesia , Papua New Guinea , the Bahamas , and the Philippines are the five sovereign states that obtained approval in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay , Jamaica on December 10 , 1982 and qualified as archipelagic states . Archipelagic states are states that are composed of groups of islands forming a state as a single unit , with the islands and the waters within the baselines as internal waters . Under this concept ( `` archipelagic doctrine '' ) , an archipelago shall be regarded as a single unit , so that the waters around , between , and connecting the islands of the archipelago , irrespective of their breadth and dimensions , form part of the internal waters of the state , and are subject to its exclusive sovereignty . The approval of the United Nations for the five sovereign states as archipelagic states respect existing agreements with other countries and shall recognize traditional fishing rights and other legitimate activities of the immediately adjacent neighboring countries in certain areas falling within archipelagic waters . The terms and conditions for the exercise of such rights and activities , including the nature , the extent and the areas to which they apply , shall , at the request of any of the countries concerned , be regulated by bilateral agreements between them . Such rights shall not be transferred to or shared with third countries or their nationals .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a0834bf81d8e3180ee93ff2174c73150	The release date of Diana is May 22.	[ { "docid": "8bbb0fddd3d2e2013797830696c8cc9d", "text": "Diana (album) Diana ( stylized as diana ) is the tenth studio solo album by American singer Diana Ross , released on May 22 , 1980 by Motown Records . The album is the biggest-selling studio album of Ross 's career , selling nine million copies worldwide and spawning three international hit singles , including the US number 1 hit `` Upside Down '' . All songs are composed , played and produced by Chic members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "275664bcd87b4620bff410f3595e85a4", "text": "Diana Vickers discography The discography of Diana Vickers , a British singer-songwriter , consists of two studio albums , one extended play , and seven singles . Vickers debuted in 2008 as a contestant on the The X Factor , a British television music competition . Her fourth-place finish brought Vickers to the attention of RCA Records , which signed her in 2009 . Vickers released her debut studio album Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree in May 2010 . The album reached number one on the United Kingdom albums chart and the top ten of the Irish and Scottish album charts . In August 2010 , it was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Two singles were released from the album : `` Once '' and `` The Boy Who Murdered Love '' , with `` Once '' peaking at number one in the UK . `` My Wicked Heart '' , a non-album song , followed in late 2010 . In July 2011 , Vickers parted ways with RCA Records citing `` musical differences '' in the direction for the second album as the reason behind the mutual split . In February 2013 , it was revealed that Vickers had signed a worldwide record deal with So Recordings . On 9 April 2013 , it was confirmed that the lead single to Vickers ' second album is titled `` Cinderella '' , with a preview snippet being made available on iTunes . `` Cinderella '' was released to digital retailers on 21 July 2013 in the UK . Vickers ' second album titled , Music to Make Boys Cry followed on 15 September 2013 in the UK and Ireland along with the title track serving as the album 's second single . The album charted at number thirty-seven on the UK Albums Chart and number nine on the UK Indie Chart on 22 September 2013 . It also broke into the Top 20 of the Irish Independent Albums Chart peaking at number nineteen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c03892ae6d2f84fe6b434316d054fe48", "text": "Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree is the debut studio album by English singer and songwriter Diana Vickers . Originally set for a November 2009 release , the album was postponed due to Vickers ' leading role in the West End play The Rise and Fall of Little Voice , and it was finally released on 3 May 2010 in the United Kingdom . Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree debuted atop the UK Albums Chart , selling 35,951 copies in its first week of release . In August 2010 , the album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . `` Once '' was released on 19 April 2010 as the lead single from the album , peaking at number one on the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d3e1d93355b2af6d299e37e274050a0", "text": "Swept Away (Diana Ross song) `` Swept Away '' is a rock-flavored dance song written by Daryl Hall with Sara Allen . It was produced by Hall with Arthur Baker , and recorded by superstar singer Diana Ross for her successful album of the same name . Ross released the song as a single on the RCA label in 1984 . The song talked about how the narrator thought she was in love with a special person only to find out that she had just been `` swept away '' after catching her lover cheating on her sending her into a rage and panic . In the sensual music video , directed by Dominic Orlando in Manhattan and on location in Long Island , Diana is seduced by a Frenchman and falls in love with him only to find out , after arriving unannounced in a bar , that he 's cheating on her with another French girl in a stylized Apache Dance . She then confronts the man - hitting him repeatedly - who ends up being knocked unconscious by the singer . Later in the video , the Frenchman tries to fight his way back into her life only to have Ross push him from a lighthouse tower into the water . It was one of her most popular videos , and her first to air on MTV . The music video was blown up to 35mm for projection during Diana Ross ' live performances at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas . There 's also an extended version of the video edited for the 12 '' dance club remix . Baker had been a club DJ turned remixer who was just breaking into production , and the twelve-inch version became one of Ross ' most successful , reaching number one on the Dance/Disco chart . The single also reached nineteen on the US pop singles chart and number three on the R&B singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef4e11b5754f9ddf1e52c97435e2b332", "text": "Cyclone Donna Severe Tropical Cyclone Donna was the strongest off-season South Pacific tropical cyclone on record during the month of May . The twenty-first tropical disturbance , third named storm , and second severe tropical cyclone of the annual cyclone season , Donna formed from an area of disturbed weather that was first monitored west-northwest of Fiji on 1 May 2017 . The disturbance drifted eastward amid an increasingly favorable environment , and it was designated Tropical Depression 21F late on 2 May . Twelve hours later , it intensified into a Category 1 on the Australian tropical cyclone scale and was designated Tropical Cyclone Donna as the storm 's motion shifted west and then south . After reaching its initial peak as a Category 4 cyclone early on 6 May , the effects of wind shear and upwelling caused the storm to weaken . However , it reintensified into a Category 5 cyclone on 8 May . Soon after , Donna entered a region of strong westerly flow and began to rapidly weaken . Continuing to accelerate in a southerly direction , Donna eventually weakened into a tropical low on 10 May . By 16 May , Donna 's remnants had fully dissipated . Buffeting the island chain of Vanuatu , Donna has resulted in severe damage throughout the northern provinces , though the exact extent is unknown in the absence of good communication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e435b9afdc55e9cb6648c80f0d9d8d", "text": "Diana Weynand", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2fb6a261ee1c81ff12ea0b2986ba619", "text": "22 m2 22 m ² is the debut studio album by Finnish rapper Sini Sabotage . Released on 5 December 2013 via PME Records , the album peaked at number 27 on the Finnish Albums Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04e9a23a063aa4451ca53ff0e199435b", "text": "Diana Gomes Diana Duarte Gomes ( born July 6 , 1989 ) is a Portuguese swimmer , who specialized in breaststroke events . She is a two-time Olympian and a multiple-time Portuguese record holder for the long and short course breaststroke events ( 50 , 100 , and 200 m ) . She also won three medals ( two golds and one bronze ) in the same category at the 2005 European Junior Swimming Championships in Budapest , Hungary . Gomes made her first Olympic team , as Portugal 's youngest swimmer ( aged 15 ) , at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . In the 100 m breaststroke , Gomes finished in last place on the fourth heat by four tenths of a second ( 0.40 ) behind Croatia 's Smiljana Marinović in 1:11.40 . In the 200 m breaststroke , Gomes placed twenty-third in the morning prelims with a seasonal best of 2:34.23 , nearly two seconds farther from the Portuguese record ( 2:31.32 ) . At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , Gomes qualified for the second time in two swimming events , by clearing FINA B-standard entry times of 1:09.96 ( 100 m breaststroke ) from the European Championships in Eindhoven , Netherlands , and 2:30.35 ( 200 m breaststroke ) from the EDF Swimming Open in Paris , France . In her first event , 100 m breaststroke , Gomes challenged seven other swimmers on the fourth heat , including South Korea 's Jung Seul-Ki , and two-time Olympian Inna Kapishina of Belarus . She edged out Kapishina to a third-place sprint by 0.15 of a second , lowering her Olympic time to 1:10.02 . In the 200 m breaststroke , Gomes lowered her personal best to 2:30.18 , but failed to advance into the semifinals for the second time , as she placed twenty-ninth overall in the preliminaries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21c3bb1ecfdb1e0c6539b597f9e61a53", "text": "June 23", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7734d1917a1c4b6b79aab95ce3655a9b", "text": "Diana Sands Diana Sands ( August 22 , 1934September 21 , 1973 ) was an American actress , perhaps most famous for her portrayal of Beneatha Younger , the sister of Sidney Poitier 's character in the original stage and film versions of Lorraine Hansberry 's A Raisin in the Sun ( 1961 ) . She also appeared in a number of dramatic television series in the 1960s and 1970s such as I Spy , as Davala Unawa in the 1967 The Fugitive episode `` Dossier on a Diplomat '' , Dr. Harrison in the Outer Limits episode `` The Mice '' , and Julia . Sands also starred in the 1963 film An Affair of the Skin as the narrator and photographer , Janice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd596eeb945eb3acf3f578dc2803b720", "text": "Diana DeGarmo Diana Nicole DeGarmo ( born June 16 , 1987 ) is an American singer/songwriter and actress . She rose to fame in 2004 as the runner-up of the third season of American Idol , releasing her debut studio album , Blue Skies , later that year . The following year , DeGarmo ventured into a career in musical theatre . She has starred in two Broadway , one off-Broadway and three national tour shows . She made her television acting debut in a six-month arc as Angelina Veneziano on The Young and the Restless . DeGarmo has since released two extended plays , Unplugged in Nashville ( 2009 ) and Live to Love ( 2012 ) . She is married to fifth season American Idol finalist Ace Young .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef58f168b56ce579eb5ff54c781a715a", "text": "Diana Franco Diana Franco was born in Cali , Colombia and in 1982 moved to New York City , where she lived and studied . In 1988 , in a nationwide televised competition , Franco was crowned Miss Colombia USA . Franco became a TV commercial and editorial model and in December 1990 appeared on her first cover of Cosmopolitan en Español . In Peru , La Modelo Latina Pageant 1991 awarded her La Silueta Diet-Coke title . In 1992 , Franco was approached to participate in Buscando Estrellas Con Budweiser , the Spanish-version of Star Search , where - once again -- won first place . Later that same year , Cover Girl Make-Up chose her to be one of the faces for their TV campaigns for the Hispanic market alongside of Barbara Palacios ( Miss Universe 1986 ) . After traveling and working around the world , including places such as Taipei , Istanbul and Hong Kong , Franco decided to stay in the U.S. to pursue her acting career in her native language.In 1992 Salvese Quien Pueda ( SQP ) , a weekly comedy show that aired on the Telemundo Network made her part of their regular cast . In SQP she developed and often played Vicky Bikini , a girl who always did her errands wearing only a bikini , high hills and a handbag so she would never have to make a line . Vicky Bikini soon became one of the shows most requested characters . In 1995 , Univision Network hired Franco as the female VJ for Caliente , one of its most widely seen weekend TV shows . Caliente gave Franco the opportunity to interact with her young Latino audience while traveling to exotic beaches around the world . Two years later , Franco was asked to be part of Edición Especial ( Telemundo Network ) , which earned her the anchor star status in the Spanish market . She was also in charged of hosting most of Telemundo 's specials for the network . In 1998 she landed the role of Sylvia La Rosen in Safe Harbor ( Aaron Spelling ) which aired in WB Network . Glamour en Español magazine recognized her with the Most Glamorous Woman Award 1998 and in 1999 People en Español places Franco as one of the `` 25 Most Beautiful People '' along with faces such as Salma Hayek and Ricky Martin . In 2002 , Franco traveled back to her native Colombia to portray Sandra , a cocaine manufacturer in the soap opera El Precio del Silencio ( Telefutura Network ) . In October 2006 , Franco had the opportunity to be part of the very-selected cast of the short film : Marrying God ( AFI ) where she played Maricela , the single mother of Lola played by Ashlyn Sanchez ( Crash ) and Ivy played by Alexa Vega ( Spy Kids ) . Franco has also developed the `` Life Style Specialist '' title , and is often featured in US Spanish TV station across the nation . In Pecados Ajenos , a Telemundo Studios production , Franco played Lola , the cellmate of Natalia - played by Lorena Rojas - and later , Oficial Joyer , in El Rostro de Analía alongside of Elizabeth Gutiérrez . At the end of 2009 , Franco was called to play Berta , a lonely bitter architect designer in the new version of Perro Amor , but due to a skiing accident , where she suffered several fractures , her role was eventually withdrawn . It took her several months to recuperate from her injuries . In 2010 , Franco became part of the selected cast of the new version of the Chilean soap opera , Alguien Te Mira ( 2010 ) , produced this time by Telemundo Television Studios in the USA . Franco portrays Dolores `` Lola '' Morandé , a housewife that has everything under control , except a couple of pounds of over weight , until she meets a very troubled woman that is determined to make her life miserable and hopes one day to take her place as the wife of her perfect husband .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3af91b88ac2134d00e485e0f6ea57410", "text": "Twenty Five (album) Twenty Five is a greatest hits album by George Michael released on 2006 , celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career . It was released on 13 November 2006 by Sony BMG . It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number 23 on the Billboard 200 , and it reached the top 20 on most other album charts . After Michael 's death in December 2016 , the album re-entered the Billboard 200 at a new peak position of number 12 . The album mostly contains songs from Michael 's solo career , but also from his earlier days with Wham ! . The album is sold in two formats : a 2-CD set and a limited edition 3-CD set . The 2-CD set contains 26 tracks , including four recorded with Wham ! and three new songs : `` An Easier Affair '' , `` This Is Not Real Love '' ( a duet with the British singer Mutya Buena ) and a new version of `` Heal the Pain '' , recorded with Paul McCartney . The limited edition 3-CD version contains an additional 14 lesser known tracks , including one with Wham ! and another new song called `` Understand '' . The 2-CD version was released in the United States on 1 April 2008 , with two changes : `` Feeling Good '' replaced the Wham ! track `` Freedom '' , and `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' ( from Songs from the Last Century ) replaced `` Round Here '' , a track from Patience that was not released as a single in the US . A 3-CD limited deluxe version was released in the United States exclusively by Best Buy . The track listing for the third CD is the same as the international version , but unlike the 2-CD US version , it includes `` Freedom '' instead of `` Feeling Good '' . The 3-CD version is packaged in a digipak . It includes a 36-page colour booklet with lyrics for every track , along with screen shots from the videos for most of the tracks on the first two CDs . A Twenty Five DVD was also released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d25d3f695bffd459485437e5700bfb50", "text": "Spitfire (LeAnn Rimes album) Spitfire is the eleventh studio album by American country music singer LeAnn Rimes . It was first released in the United Kingdom and Australia on April 15 , 2013 by Curb Records via digital download and a CD release followed in the United Kingdom on April 22 , 2013 , while in Australia and Germany the CD was released on April 26 , 2013 . In the United States and Canada , the album was released exclusively to Walmart stores on June 4 , 2013 . It is the final album released by Rimes under her contract with Curb Records . It garnered positive , mixed and negative reviews by music critics . Many praised Rimes ' for her third country album in a row and stated that the album was one of Rimes ' best so far , while others criticized the album for the subject topics in the songs and none being `` commercially '' suited for radio . Following its release in the UK , the album debuted at number seven on the UK Country Albums Chart and peaked at number three the following week . In Australia , on the week of May 6 , 2013 , the album entered the Australian Country Album Chart at number forty and peaked at number nineteen . Meanwhile , in the US , the album peaked at number thirty-six on the Billboard 200 , while on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart it peaked at number nine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e54d481523e826d75a75847b030bd6b6", "text": "Hot Space Hot Space is the tenth studio album by the British rock band Queen , released on 21 May 1982 by EMI Records in the United Kingdom and by Elektra Records in the United States . Marking a notable shift in direction from their earlier work , they employed many elements of disco , funk , rhythm and blues , dance and pop music on the album . This made the album less popular with fans who preferred the traditional rock style they had come to associate with the band . Queen 's decision to record a dance-oriented album germinated with the massive success in the US of their 1980 hit `` Another One Bites the Dust '' ( and to a lesser extent , the UK success of the song ) . `` Under Pressure '' , Queen 's collaboration with David Bowie , was released in 1981 and became the band 's second # 1 hit in the UK . Though included on Hot Space , the song was a separate project and was recorded ahead of the album , before the controversy over Queen 's new disco-influenced rock sound . The album 's second single , `` Body Language '' , peaked at # 11 on the US charts . In July 2004 , Q magazine listed Hot Space as one of the top fifteen albums where great rock acts lost the plot . Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band 's history , and Roger Taylor and Brian May despised the new sound , with both being very critical of the influence Freddie Mercury 's manager Paul Prenter had on the singer . Estimated sales of the album currently stand at 3.5 million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f409fa8f62bdaf2dba63c462864ccec5", "text": "The Power of the Dream `` The Power of the Dream '' is a single by Celine Dion , released on 20 August 1996 in Japan . `` The Power of the Dream '' was written and produced by David Foster , Linda Thompson , and Babyface for the opening ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics . Dion performed it in front of more than 100,000 people , in addition to over three and a half billion television viewers . She gave away the money she received for the occasion , to support Canadian athletes . The music video shows Céline Dion performing the song during the opening ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics with David Foster on the piano , accompanied by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and the Centennial Choir ( Morehouse College Glee Club , Spelman College Glee Club and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra Chorus ) . The single peaked at number 30 on the Oricon Singles Chart in Japan and was certified gold ( 75,000 copies sold ) . Although it was not released in other countries , many radio stations all over the world played `` The Power of the Dream '' and it even charted on some airplay charts . The song was included on the limited editions of the Falling into You album in Asia and Australia . `` The Power of the Dream '' was also a B-side of `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , and `` All by Myself '' singles . It became available worldwide on Dion 's 2000 compilation The Collector 's Series , Volume One . In 2008 , the song was included on the U.S. version of My Love : Essential Collection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5649af6b76d10defa5f1224c5d38915b", "text": "Diana (Saint-Gaudens) Diana -- also known as Diana of the Tower -- is an iconic statue by sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens . Once a famous New York City landmark , the second version stood atop the tower of Madison Square Garden from 1893 to 1925 . Since 1932 , it has been in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e99b7d1a9d8c3829971fc174148e041a", "text": "Duma (2005 film) Duma is a 2005 American family drama adventure film about a young South African boy 's friendship with an orphaned cheetah from a story by Carol Flint and Karen Janszen , set in the country of South Africa and based on How It Was with Dooms by Carol Cawthra Hopcraft and Xan Hopcraft . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. , directed by Carroll Ballard ( director of The Black Stallion and Fly Away Home ) , produced by Gaylord Films , Warner Bros. , John Wells Productions , Pandora Pictures , Stacy Cohen , E.K. Gaylord II , Kristin Harms , Hunt Lowry and John Wells , written by Karen Janszen and Mark St. Germain , edited by T.M. Christopher , cinematographed by Werner Maritz with music by George Acogny and John Debney and starring Alexander Michaletos , Eamonn Walker , Campbell Scott and Hope Davis . The film was theatrically released on April 22 , 2005 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. . The film went on receiving very positive reviews from critics and it earned $ 994,790 on a $ 12 million budget . The film won the Family Feature Film at the Genesis Awards in 2006 . The film was rated PG for mild adventure peril . Duma was released on DVD on May 16 , 2006 by Warner Bros. . Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a96a05db8334d5af2d40bee3c81eb02", "text": "Diana Navarro Diana Navarro Ocaña ( Málaga , 21 April 1977 ) , better known as Diana Navarro , is a Spanish singer . She rose to fame in 2005 with the single `` Sola '' from her first album No te olvides de mí . She was nominated for a Latin Grammy as Best New Artist in 2005 . Her songs usually mix genres like copla and flamenco with different rhythms like Arabic or classical music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" } ]	fever
66a002b11701455fa3dd6ed9762fe762	Adam Sandler's birth year was 1966.	[ { "docid": "2166223171bf28b7145ca7d78ce5766e", "text": "Adam Sandler Adam Richard Sandler ( born September 9 , 1966 ) is an American actor , comedian , screenwriter , film producer , and musician . After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member , Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $ 2 billion at the box office . He is best known for his comedic roles , such as in the films Billy Madison ( 1995 ) , the sports comedies Happy Gilmore ( 1996 ) and The Waterboy ( 1998 ) , the romantic comedy The Wedding Singer ( 1998 ) , Big Daddy ( 1999 ) , and Mr. Deeds ( 2002 ) , and voicing Dracula in Hotel Transylvania ( 2012 ) and Hotel Transylvania 2 ( 2015 ) . Several of his movies , most notably the widely panned Jack and Jill , have gained harsh criticism , culminating in a shared second place in the number of Raspberry Awards ( 3 ) and Raspberry Award Nominations ( 11 ) , in both cases second only to Sylvester Stallone . He has ventured into more dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love ( 2002 ) , Spanglish ( 2004 ) , Reign Over Me ( 2007 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) and The Meyerowitz Stories ( 2017 ) . Sandler has released five comedy albums in his career . They 're All Gon na Laugh at You ! ( 1993 ) and What the Hell Happened to Me ? ( 1996 ) are both certified double-platinum . In 1999 , Sandler founded Happy Madison Productions .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11bdc4acb2c4303adf7c25e136bd4861", "text": "Robert Smigel Robert Smigel ( born February 7 , 1960 ) is an American actor , humorist , comedian and writer known for his Saturday Night Live `` TV Funhouse '' cartoon shorts and as the puppeteer and voice behind Triumph , the Insult Comic Dog . He also co-wrote both Hotel Transylvania films and You Do n't Mess with the Zohan , all starring Adam Sandler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4e302af1a29cea5dba733c706e90c47", "text": "Eve Sandler Eve Sandler is an American painter , filmmaker and multi-media artist in the style of Abstract Expressionism . Sandler , born in Harlem , is the daughter of Harlem-based painter Alvin Sandler and sister of filmmaker Kathe Sandler . Sandler 's multimedia installation `` Mami Wata Crossing '' was part of the 2008 exhibition , `` Mami Wata : Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas '' at the Fowler Museum . The work examined connections between the pan-African water goddess Mami Wata , genealogy and the middle passage . Sandler was a part of the Black Women Artists group , along with Carole Byard , Nanette Carter and Howardena Pindell . Sandler was a 1990-1991 resident at the Studio Museum in Harlem . Her work has been exhibited in institutions such as The Bronx Museum of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cebd671fb343851c4d2996fead5114", "text": "Darren LaCroix Darren LaCroix ( born 1966 ) is a keynote speaker , author , comedian and founder of The Humor Institute , Inc. . He is the 2001 World Champion of Public Speaking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4560eb3bc497b271b96273053107e0c", "text": "Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field . The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer . The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives . Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times . The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6520a1820c84afa526d24a21c5374fe9", "text": "Nick G. Miller Nick G. Miller ( born January 18 , 1964 in Dayton , Ohio ) , also known as Nick Miller , is an American businessperson . His main interests are within the entertainment industry , the marine industry , and business education . Miller is an award-winning screenwriter , filmmaker , movie producer , movie director , television producer , actor , music producer , film composer , public speaker , and philanthropist . He has owned various companies within the marine industry and is a consultant and keynote speaker . His acting credits include The Last Marshal , The Librarians , Chronicles of an Exorcism , and Catch of a Lifetime . He has produced feature films and television shows such as Palmetto , The Unlikely 's , Catch of a Lifetime , E! Entertainment 's Wild On the Mark Cuban series Art Mann Presents , Talent Rock , and CBS Television 's The Music Cafe Presents ( co-produced with Greg Rike and Greg Rike Studios ) . In 2005 , Miller , along with producing partner Matthew Ashford did a test shoot for a screenplay they had written together in the horror film genre entitled Chronicles of an Exorcism . The film was originally shelved by Miller and his producers , but has since been released on DVD . In October 2008 the movie was one of the most watched horror movies of all time and was listed near the top 100 ( # 116 ) on the Internet Movie Database . Miller is currently post production on the movie Windwalkers and in pre production on a screenplay co-written with published author Timothy G. Grogan . In April 2014 , as executive producer , Miller 's romantic comedy , Catch of a Lifetime , directed by Ben Klopfenstein and written by Miller , Klopfenstein , and book author Connie Neumann , won the Audience Choice for Best Feature award at the Silver Springs International Film Festival . Miller consults and works with companies on forming strategic alliance business plans via product placement , co-branding and media exposure . He has been instrumental in negotiating and placing products in feature films and television shows including War of the Worlds , I , Robot , Fun with Dick and Jane , Scream 3 , Charlie 's Angels , CSI : Miami , 24 , Nash Bridges , V.I.P. , and JAG . Nick G. Miller produces and hosts sales and motivational training workshops across the globe . He has trained thousands of sales and service staff members from companies including FTD Flowers , Harley-Davidson , Featherlite Luxury Coaches , Bombardier , Platinum Coach Works , Northeast Marine Trade Association , Rio Roses , and many others . Miller is also a music producer , and in 2009 became vice president of Living Legends Music , a property which includes a syndicated radio show , streaming iTunes radio , a DVD series , and the CBS television series The Music Cafe Presents , all featuring interviews with musicians . Miller also produced and hosted the 2009 DVD documentary Orleans : Official History & Music for the 1970s and 1980s band Orleans . He comes from a musical family dating back to 1940 when his great uncle Douglas Dalton , played mandolin and guitar for The Whippoorwills , Roy Rogers , Sons of the Pioneers , and other bands and musicians . Today , Miller performs with Nick Miller & The Gathering , a group consisting of rotating legendary musicians playing their own number one hits . Miller 's companies have produced nightclub events , swimwear modeling competitions , and VIP parties for Corona Beer , Harley-Davidson , Loews Hotels , Gibson , Universal Studios Theme Parks , Six Flags Theme Parks and others . Miller has been part of the marine industry since 1986 . As vice president , Miller played an instrumental part in resurrecting Donzi Marine in 1993 . Miller and Donzi Marine manager Steve Simon formed `` Team Donzi '' and raced a Donzi 38 ZX in the American Power Boat Association circuit . The team won two APBA/UIM World Championships five APBA National Championships . Under the same ownership group , Miller organized a marketing campaign and formed strategic alliances with non-endemic companies helping Pro-Line Boats become the # 1 selling fiberglass fishing boats in the United States . During the mid-2000s Miller consulted and worked with the offshore racing champion , Reggie Fountain and his company Fountain Powerboats . In 2012 he became a partner and shareholder of Sak Marine , a Georgia based company that manufactured Caravelle Boats , Key Largo Boats , Interceptor Performance Boats , Clearwater Fishing Boats , and Sea Hawk Boats . Nick Miller was introduced to Burt Reynolds at his home in Florida . The lunch meeting resulted in Miller being offered acting roles in two of Reynolds ' films . Soon after he would meet the man who would become his mentor ; the late award-winning filmmaker John Daly , of which just some of his movies includes Platoon , The Terminator , The Falcon and the Snowman , Salvador , Full Metal Jacket , The Bodyguard , and The Legend of Zorro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6e7e5792240cece4cc34cf3cdd62d46", "text": "Ken Adam Sir Kenneth Hugo Adam , ( born Klaus Hugo Adam ; 5 February 1921 -- 10 March 2016 ) was a British movie production designer , best known for his set designs for the James Bond films of the 1960s and 1970s , as well as for Dr. Strangelove . He won two Academy Awards for Best Art Direction . Born in Berlin , he relocated to England with his Jewish family at the age of 13 soon after the Nazis came to power , and was one of only three German-born pilots in the British Royal Air Force during the Second World War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c8b11fc5f85aee25ccdc2c582f5574", "text": "Claudia Wells Claudia Grace Wells ( born July 5 , 1966 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3a0cfcdebbe9867ae9709335550a9df", "text": "Mutato Muzika Mutato Muzika is an American music production company established and owned by Devo co-founder and lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh in 1989 . The name is a portmanteau of the words mutant and potato , which is a nod to Devo 's fanbase which are called Spuds . While Devo members Mark Mothersbaugh , Gerald Casale and Bob Mothersbaugh , with drummer Josh Freese , often meet , rehearse and confer in its West Hollywood , California studio facilities , Mutato Muzika is a full-service music production company . Until his death in 2014 , Bob Casale served as a producer/engineer there . Mutato Muzika has produced music for many films , including Rushmore , The Royal Tenenbaums , The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou , Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen , 13 , Lords of Dogtown , Nick & Norah 's Infinite Playlist , Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs , and Catfish . Television music includes Rugrats , Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue ! , Pee-wee 's Playhouse , Big Love , Eureka , Shameless , Enlightened and Regular Show . Mutato Muzika-produced video game scores include Crash Bandicoot and The Sims . Mutato Muzika also provides music for commercials , including spots for Apple 's PC vs. Mac , Martini & Rossi 's George Clooney/Giorgio , and Logitech . The company is housed in a round bright green building at 8760 West Sunset Boulevard . The building is rumored to have been designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer ( although no architect 's name is listed on the building permit ) , modeling the exterior after The Forum in Inglewood , California , former home of the NBA 's Los Angeles Lakers and NHL 's Los Angeles Kings . Previously known as `` The Beauty Pavillion '' , it was built in 1967 for plastic surgeon Dr. Richard Alan Franklyn , who wanted the roof to have skylights in order to illuminate the operating room in the center of the structure . The building was painted green after Mothersbaugh took ownership of it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33671e8540a2999ff3f1bf52b89a880", "text": "Aaron Eckhart Aaron Edward Eckhart ( born March 12 , 1968 ) is an American film and stage actor . Born in Cupertino , California , he moved to the UK at age 13 , when his father relocated the family . Several years later , he began his acting career by performing in school plays , before moving to Sydney , Australia for his high school senior year . He left high school without graduating , but earned a diploma through an adult education course , and graduated from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in New York City as a struggling , unemployed actor . As an undergraduate at BYU , Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute , who cast him in several of his own original plays . Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous , sociopathic ladies ' man in LaBute 's black comedy film In the Company of Men ( 1997 ) . Under LaBute 's guidance he worked in the director 's films Your Friends & Neighbors ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , and Possession ( 2002 ) . Eckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and in 2006 received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking . Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent . Other key roles include The Pledge ( 2001 ) , The Core ( 2003 ) , Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) Battle : Los Angeles ( 2011 ) , Olympus Has Fallen ( 2013 ) , I , Frankenstein ( 2014 ) , Olympus '' ' sequel , London Has Fallen and Sully '' ( both 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "448c8f52ae1dd5088f86347d7c0dd643", "text": "American Polygraph Association The American Polygraph Association ( APA ) is a professional association of polygraph examiners . It was established in 1966 . It has about 2,800 members . The organization offers its members publications and conferences related to polygraphy , as well as employment services and public referrals for its members . It lobbies to promote its members ' interests at the local , state , and federal levels . It also establishes minimum standards for the education and training of polygraphers , and offers accreditation to programs that meet those standards . The association does not accredit or certify individuals . The stated goals of the APA are : Serving the cause of truth with integrity , objectivity and fairness to all persons Encouraging and supporting research , training and education to benefit members of the Association as well as those who support its purpose and by providing a forum for the presentation and exchange of information derived from such research , training and education Establishing and enforcing standards for admission to membership and continued membership in the Association Governing the conduct of members of the Association by requiring adherence to a Code of Ethics and a set of Standards and Principles of Practice APA members are proponents of the control question technique of polygraph admission , which includes asking questions designed to gain a greater physiological response from innocent subjects being given a polygraph . About 10 years before the founding of the APA , a future president of the organization , Chris Gugas , demonstrated the polygraph before a national television audience with Groucho Marx on the comedian 's show You Bet Your Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "407f7350b54d80e7c1840a643b98de3d", "text": "Merlin Mann Merlin Dean Mann III ( born November 26 , 1966 in Cincinnati , Ohio ) is an American writer , blogger , and podcaster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f284eef1fa9a6f6c0dafcf4b3881ed7", "text": "Phil Hester (comics) Phil Hester ( born 1966 in Iowa ) is an American comic book artist , penciller and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9417aabfeb082774d89caa61f770cacb", "text": "Irving Sandler Irving Sandler ( born July 22 , 1925 ) is an American art critic , art historian , and educator . He has provided numerous first hand accounts of American art , beginning with abstract expressionismin the 1950s , where he managed the Tanager Gallery downtown and co-ordinated the New York artists ' ZT ` Club ' of the New York School from 1955 to its demise in 1962 as well as documenting numerous conversations from the Cedar Street Tavern and other artists venues . Sandler saw himself as an impartial observer of this period , as opposed to polemical advocates such as Clement Greenberg or Harold Rosenberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffb5075437913d647e58e7d63e1814bd", "text": "Adam Levine (press aide) Adam Levine ( born January 15 , 1969 ) is a former political adviser who was a White House deputy press secretary in President George W. Bush 's administration from January 2002 to December 2003 . In the CIA leak investigation , Levine testified before the federal grand jury in February 2004 , and October 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec58dd1a5c96621e39796c5ee5402611", "text": "Un monde nouveau Un monde nouveau is a 1966 French-Italian drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica . Most notably it featured Sean Connery as himself . Harry Saltzman produced the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f26699aca7a452a174d48d0b97d4298e", "text": "Tony Adamowicz Tony Adamowicz ( May 2 , 1941 -- October 10 , 2016 ) was an American racing driver , active from 1963 until his death . He won the Under 2-Liter class of the 1968 Trans-Am Championship and the 1969 SCCA Continental Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65c0aced32c7cf2a777212795260941a", "text": "Stan! Stan ! ( born Steven Brown on 16 October 1964 in Brooklyn , New York City , United States ) is an American author , cartoonist , and game designer . He is sometimes credited as Stan Brown .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e838394fd625a2241528221339a19626	Led Zeppelin was formed in Alaska.	[ { "docid": "ce75e9fba9f11b9abcc0c553d37bd038", "text": "Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968 . The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page , singer Robert Plant , bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones , and drummer John Bonham . The band 's heavy , guitar-driven sound , rooted in blues and psychedelia on their early albums , has earned them recognition as one of the progenitors of heavy metal , though their unique style drew from a wide variety of influences , including folk music . After changing their name from the New Yardbirds , Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom . Although the group was initially unpopular with critics , they achieved significant commercial success with albums such as Led Zeppelin ( 1969 ) , Led Zeppelin II ( 1969 ) , Led Zeppelin III ( 1970 ) , Led Zeppelin IV ( 1971 ) , Houses of the Holy ( 1973 ) , and Physical Graffiti ( 1975 ) . Their fourth album , which features the track `` Stairway to Heaven '' , is among the most popular and influential works in rock music , and it helped to secure the group 's popularity . Page wrote most of Led Zeppelin 's music , particularly early in their career , while Plant generally supplied the lyrics . Jones ' keyboard-based compositions later became central to the group 's catalogue , which featured increasing experimentation . The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess and debauchery . Although they remained commercially and critically successful , their output and touring schedule were limited during the late 1970s , and the group disbanded following Bonham 's death from alcohol-related asphyxia in 1980 . In the decades that followed , the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions . The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London , with Jason Bonham taking his late father 's place behind the drums . Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful , innovative , and influential rock groups in history . They are one of the best-selling music artists in the history of audio recording ; various sources estimate the group 's record sales at 200 to 300 million units worldwide . With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units , they are the second-best-selling band in the US . Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and six reached the number-one spot . They achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums . Rolling Stone magazine described them as `` the heaviest band of all time '' , `` the biggest band of the Seventies '' , and `` unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history '' . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995 ; the museum 's biography of the band states that they were `` as influential '' during the 1970s as the Beatles were during the 1960s .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6d514f712197613df99ac43507e5cea1", "text": "Wrangell, Alaska The City and Borough of Wrangell ( Tlingit : Ḵaachx̱aana.áakʼw ) is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska . As of the 2010 census the population was 2,369 . Incorporated as a Unified Home Rule Borough on May 30 , 2008 , Wrangell was previously a city in the Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area ( afterwards renamed the Petersburg Census Area ( the Petersburg Borough was formed from part of this census area ) ) . Its Tlingit name is Ḵaachx̱aana.áakʼw ( `` Ḵaachx̱an 's Little Lake '' with áa-kʼw ` lake-diminutive ' ) . The Tlingit people residing in the Wrangell area , who were there centuries before Europeans , call themselves the Shtaxʼhéen Ḵwáan after the nearby Stikine River . Alternately they use the autonym Shxʼát Ḵwáan , where the meaning of shxʼát is unknown . The central ( urban ) part of Wrangell is located at , in the northwest corner of Wrangell Island , whereas the borough now encompasses the entire eastern half of the former Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area , in addition to the area around Meyers Chuck , which was formerly in the Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area . It also includes Thoms Place , a former census-designated place on Wrangell Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc21eb722c39a844dbad6a9e2208fc2", "text": "Prehistory of Alaska Prehistoric Alaska begins with Paleolithic people moving into northwestern North America sometime between 40,000 and 15,000 years ago across the Bering Land Bridge in western Alaska ; a date less than 20,000 years ago is most likely . They found their passage blocked by a huge sheet of ice until a temporary recession in the Wisconsin glaciation ( the last ice age ) opened up an ice-free corridor through northwestern Canada , possibly allowing bands to fan out throughout the rest of the continent . Eventually , Alaska became populated by the Inuit and a variety of Native American groups . Trade with both Asia and southern tribes was active even before the advent of Europeans . Today , early Alaskans are divided into several main groups : the Southeastern Coastal Native Americans ( the Tlingit , Haida , and Tsimshian ) , the Athabascans , the Aleut , and the two groups of Eskimos , Inupiat and Yup ` ik .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "932317a1da6be2be45cd187e34a38bc7", "text": "The Aerovons The Aerovons were an American psychedelic rock music group . They were formed in 1966 in St Louis , Missouri by Tom Hartman . A 1967 demo record was heard by a representative of Capitol Records . In spite of an offer to record in Los Angeles , the group held out hope that they could record in London , the recording home of their heroes , The Beatles . In 1968 they travelled to London twice , receiving offers from both EMI and Decca . In 1969 , the band returned to London and recorded an album at Abbey Road studio . Guitarist Bob Frank , a longtime member of the group , left the group just before they went to London to record , due to personal issues . Despite blogs and rumors to the contrary , Bob was never `` let go '' and was always missed , according to leader Tom Hartman . Only once in England did the band realize that his replacement , Phil Edholm , and the group had differences that proved insurmountable . He left shortly after they began recording . Once the album was finished , the band returned to St. Louis where more personal problems between a group member and his family caused the group to splinter . EMI decided not to release the album . EMI invited Tom Hartman to come to England and reload , so to speak , but Hartman felt moving to England was too great a step at his age , and the partnership with EMI was dissolved . The album was not released until a CD release in 2003 by RPM .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bc8fb0d40fb27ceaaa4df6c46dc7194", "text": "Galena, Alaska Galena ( -LSB- ɡəˈliːnə -RSB- ) ( Notaalee Denh in Koyukon ) is a city in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska . At the 2010 census the population was 470 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72bd8062695f54d17e190c68d0718e89", "text": "Anchorage Museum The Anchorage Museum is a large art , history , ethnography , ecology and science museum located in a modern building in the heart of Anchorage , Alaska . It is dedicated to studying and exploring the land , peoples , art and history of Alaska . The museum displays material from its permanent collection , along with regular visiting exhibitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "581ae68fd25e3e3f9bd112d9ab3605ba", "text": "Fourth Avenue Theatre (Anchorage, Alaska) The Fourth Avenue Theatre , also known as the Lathrop Building , is a movie theater in Anchorage , Alaska that has been described as Art Deco , Streamline Moderne , and Art Moderne in style . Built beginning in 1941 and completed in 1947 after a halt during World War II , somewhat after the heyday of these styles , it was a large 960-seat first-run theater until the 1980s . The theater was designed by B. Marcus Priteca , a leading designer of themed cinemas in America , in association with Seattle architect A.A. Porreca for Cap Lathrop , a prominent Alaska businessman . The theater 's lobby featured a gold leaf mural of Mount McKinley , but originally omitted a concession stand , a feature Lathrop felt was inappropriate . The main house was decorated with silver and gold murals by Anthony Heinsbergen and Frank Bouman of Los Angeles , and a rendering of the Big Dipper ( a symbol of Alaska ) on the ceiling . Murals were done on canvas with reliefs in Masonite leafed with gold and silver . The building 's structure is reinforced concrete with travertine on the exterior street level . As the Lathrop Building , the complex included facilities for Lathrop 's radio and television stations , a restaurant , and a penthouse apartment added in 1959-1960 . After some renovation by the city of Anchorage , the theater was used by a catering firm as a banquet facility . Rasmuson Foundation approved a program related investment structured as a low-interest loan to the Municipality of Anchorage in 2006 so that the city could purchase , restore and use the Theater for meeting space by the Anchorage Convention and Visitors Bureau . When the Anchorage Assembly voted to prohibit the City to act as the loan guarantor , Rasmuson Foundation rescinded the award offer . Due to the economic recession in the following years , these plans did not come to fruition . In 2011 , the theater 's new owner , Peach Investments , presented new restoration plans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "100ee151f376cd2f8f621d8ed8f6ae65", "text": "Alaska! Alaska ! is an indie rock trio from the United States . The band was formed in San Francisco by Russell Pollard ( formerly of Sebadoh and later of the Folk Implosion ) , Imaad Wasif ( also later of Folk Implosion ) , with Lesley Ishino ( formerly of the Red Aunts ) later joining as drummer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fb3901d5d6f12f0fa12b4dc823a436", "text": "Hooper Bay (album) Hooper Bay is purportedly an EP by Boards of Canada , issued in both vinyl and cassette formats . The title refers to the small city of that name in Alaska , and all track titles on the album share a similar Alaskan theme . Only 200 copies were said to have been produced and shared amongst the band 's friends and family , and although none have publicly surfaced , an excerpt roughly 35 seconds long of the track `` Circle '' was held on a website hosting early material from the group . This sample showcases a melancholy kind of ambient electronica similar to that of the band 's following release . The site has since gone down , though the sample has since been uploaded to YouTube . Mislabeled MP3 files claiming to be copies of Hooper Bay are in wide circulation on peer to peer networks , but are understood to be fakes . As with other rare Boards of Canada releases , some of these fakes are mostly mislabeled tracks by other musicians and bands . For example , a track purported to be `` Geiser '' was revealed to actually be the experimental Icelandic group múm 's `` Smell Memory '' , and `` Seward Leaf '' was revealed to be `` Slow Bicycle '' , another múm track . Track 7 from the Live @ ATP performance is sometimes believed to be Noatak , due to a processed voice saying something sounding phonetically similar throughout the song , a latter half containing dark ambient sounds akin to that of `` Circle '' , as well as a similar track length . This has yet to be confirmed by the band , however .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190fbf40e6e84e5f8557033da881e6bd", "text": "Raspberry Island (Alaska) Raspberry Island is an island of the Kodiak Archipelago located in the Gulf of Alaska in the U.S. state of Alaska . It is located two miles northwest of Whale Island , and just across the mile-wide Raspberry Strait from the southwestern end of Afognak . The island is separated from Kodiak Island by the Kupreanof Strait , with the Shelikof Strait to the northwest . Raspberry Island is 18 miles ( 29 km ) long with a width that varies from 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) to 8 miles ( 12.9 km ) . The highest point on the island is 3,300 ft ( 1000 m ) . The island is considered part of the Aleneva census-designated place in the Kodiak Island Borough . The only permanent residents on Raspberry Island are located at Port Wakefield and Raspberry Island Remote Lodge which operate full service wilderness lodges . Power is provided via hydro power harnessed in nearby creeks . The nearest town is Kodiak , Alaska , an hour-and-a-half boat ride or a thirty-minute float plane ride away .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f80f2d41bcb99ba745d92070564c37d", "text": "KSBZ KSBZ ( 103.1 FM , `` Rock 103 '' ) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Sitka , Alaska . The station , established in 1990 , is currently owned by Alaska Broadcast Communications , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44d4fc0a1d1540314b82041e01d5f539", "text": "Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1975 Led Zeppelin 's 1975 North American Tour was the tenth concert tour of North America by the English rock band . The tour was divided into two legs , with performances commencing on 18 January and concluding on 27 March 1975 . It was preceded with two European warm-up shows , performed at Rotterdam and Brussels respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03bb5599494141142bc0884b7b79e6c1", "text": "Economy of Alaska The 2007 gross state product was $ 44.9 billion , 45th in the nation . Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $ 40,042 , ranking 15th in the nation . The state 's economy has been described by University of Alaska Anchorage economist Scott Goldsmith as a `` three-legged stool '' - with one leg being the petroleum and gas industry , the second leg being the federal government and the third leg being all other industries and services . Between 2004 and 2006 , the federal government was responsible for 135,000 Alaska jobs , the petroleum sector provided 110,000 jobs and all other industries and services combined for 122,000 jobs . Alaska 's main export product after oil and natural gas is seafood , primarily salmon , cod , Pollock and crab . Agriculture represents only a fraction of the Alaskan economy . Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes nursery stock , dairy products , vegetables , and livestock . Manufacturing is limited , with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere . Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction , shipping , and transportation . Military bases are a significant component of the economy in both Fairbanks and Anchorage . Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy , allowing the state to keep taxes low . Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum , natural gas , coal , gold , precious metals , zinc and other mining , seafood processing , timber and wood products . There is also a growing service and tourism sector . Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e65016a7b51042f2f5ec65739edf49cc", "text": "Alaska House of Representatives The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska Legislature , the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska . The House is composed of 40 members , each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 Census figures . Members serve two-year terms without term limits . With 40 representatives , the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower house in the United States . The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a03c55c015d1369819b29ea6c1a7e13", "text": "List of Led Zeppelin songs written or inspired by others In their career , the British rock band Led Zeppelin recorded many songs that consisted , in whole or part , of pre-existing songs , melodies , or lyrics . They sometimes credited those sources , sometimes not . This was common practice in the blues music world that influenced Led Zeppelin . The band has been sued a number of times over attribution , some cases having concluded with others being awarded writing credit for the song in question . This is a partial list of songs that contributed to or inspired Led Zeppelin songs or covers . It includes non-controversial ones the band attributed to other writers from the outset .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f27e9e9db70254c7df953a899e62b59a", "text": "White Pass and Yukon Route The White Pass and Yukon Route ( WP&Y , WP&YR ) is a Canadian and U.S. Class II narrow gauge railroad linking the port of Skagway , Alaska , with Whitehorse , the capital of Yukon . An isolated system , it has no direct connection to any other railroad . Equipment , freight and passengers are ferried by ship through the Port of Skagway , and via road through a few of the stops along its route . The railroad began construction in 1898 during the Klondike Gold Rush as a means of reaching the goldfields . With its completion in 1900 , it became the primary route to the interior of the Yukon , supplanting the Chilkoot Trail and other routes . The route continued operation until 1982 , and in 1988 was partially revived as a heritage railway . Today , the railroad is a subsidiary of Clublink and operated by the Pacific and Arctic Railway and Navigation Company ( in Alaska ) , the British Columbia Yukon Railway Company ( in British Columbia ) and the British Yukon Railway Company , originally known as the British Yukon Mining , Trading and Transportation Company ( in Yukon ) , which use the trade name White Pass and Yukon Route .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ee8312eec294c3df24827d3517d26ab", "text": "Earth (American band) Earth is an American musical group based in Olympia , Washington , formed in 1989 and led by the guitarist Dylan Carlson . Earth 's music is nearly all instrumental , and can be divided into two distinct stages . Their early work is characterized by distortion , droning , minimalism , and lengthy , repetitive song structures . The band 's later output reduces the distortion while incorporating elements of country , jazz rock , and folk . Earth is recognized as a pioneer of drone metal , with the band 's Earth 2 being regarded as a milestone of the genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1ecfcd375ad756ea4832acf5761f00b", "text": "The Complete Studio Recordings (Led Zeppelin album) The Complete Studio Recordings is a ten compact disc box set by the English rock group Led Zeppelin , released by Atlantic Records on 24 September 1993 . It contains all nine of the original Led Zeppelin studio albums digitally remastered , and an expanded version of Coda . The albums are placed in chronological order with the exception of Presence which appears between Houses of the Holy and Physical Graffiti . The intention was to have the latter in one two-disc-sleeve . The set 's version of Coda included some of the previously unreleased tracks that had surfaced on the box set series : `` Baby Come On Home '' , `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' , `` White Summer/Black Mountain Side '' , and `` Hey , Hey , What Can I Do '' . In 2007 , when the Led Zeppelin catalog was released to digital stores , the expanded track list for Coda was used , but omitted `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' because of its inclusion with BBC Sessions . The set also includes a booklet featuring an extended essay by rock journalist Cameron Crowe and photos of the band . The album cover depicts the inside structure of a zeppelin . This title has been discontinued just prior to the launch of Mothership , and is now superseded by the Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset , which was released in September 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6c1b74912164d5ce40c404caebd8d2", "text": "Ear Mountain Ear Mountain is an isolated mountain located on the Seward Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska . The mountain , with an elevation of 2329 ft ( GeoNames gives it elevation as 690 m ) , has a belt of Cretaceous tin `` granites . '' Though the mountain is located in an area long known for its tin deposits , it was only in 1953 and 1954 during a survey by the US Bureau of Mines that tin deposits were confirmed to be on Ear Mountain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acf9d78ab66aba6dc8145d88e0e23620", "text": "Alaska Wildlife Alliance The Alaska Wildlife Alliance is a non-profit organization that was founded in 1978 in Anchorage , Alaska . It has dedicated its efforts and funds to protect Alaskan wildlife for its intrinsic value and to benefit the present and future generations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2b0739a096ded63fe0bf721592e0a828	Elvis was a program.	[ { "docid": "f8eec298c9ad38ffce901b9f41010659", "text": "Elvis (1968 TV program) Elvis , starring Elvis Presley , is a United States television special that aired on December 3 , 1968 on the NBC television network . The special is commonly referred to as the 68 Comeback Special , because of subsequent developments in Presley 's career . It was directed by Steve Binder and produced by Binder and Bones Howe . Music from the special was released before the broadcast , on the album Elvis ( NBC TV Special ) . Presley 's informal jamming in front of a small audience in the special is regarded as a forerunner of the `` unplugged '' concept , later popularized by MTV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac92b419eb9f69ec1fa65c1bc22329f2", "text": "Television special A television special is a television program which temporarily interrupts programming normally scheduled for a given time slot . Sometimes , however , the term is given to a telecast of a theatrical film , such as The Wizard of Oz , which is not part of a regular television anthology series such as NBC Saturday Night at the Movies ( 1961 -- 1978 ) . The term originally applied especially to major dramatized presentations of an hour or two which were broadcast during times normally occupied by episodes of one or more weekly television series , thus replacing the series for that specific week . In the 1960s , multi-part specials , over several days in a week , or on the same day for several weeks , evolved from this format , though these were more commonly called miniseries . The term `` TV special '' formerly applied more to dramas or musicals presented live or on videotape ( such as Peter Pan ) than to filmed presentations especially made for television , which were ( and still are ) designated as made-for-TV movies . Other forms of TV specials are one-time comedy or musical events , one-shot seasonal programs ( e.g. Christmas television specials ) , irregular sports events ( e.g. the Olympic Games or the Super Bowl ) , live coverage of a popular cultural event ( such as the Academy Awards or Macy 's Thanksgiving Day Parade ) , fundraising campaigns ( telethon ) or spontaneous interruptions of active programming to cover an important news event ( election coverage , however , is generally scheduled ) . Today , with the rise of cable , online streaming , and home video , it is virtually impossible for an annual telecast of a program to have the same impact on television as before . In pre-cable and pre-home video days , television audiences often had to wait an entire year or more to see a special program or film that had a great impact on first viewing . Online streaming makes it possible for viewers to watch a television show again almost immediately after it is aired , and home video , digital downloads as well as internet television and video on demand , make it possible for the general public to own copies of television shows and films . Most TV specials can be filmed in one country but broadcast in another . For example , a 1998 TV special The Wiggles Live at Disneyland was filmed in Disneyland in Anaheim , California , USA but broadcast on the Disney Channel in Australia .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "aa39dabdeb2e98a5b5a95ec39656f490", "text": "Countdown (Australian TV series) Countdown was a long-running popular weekly Australian music television show broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation from 8 November 1974 until 19 July 1987 . It was created by Executive Producer Michael Shrimpton , producer/director Robbie Weekes and record producer and music journalist Ian `` Molly '' Meldrum . Countdown was produced at the studios of the ABC in the Melbourne suburb of Ripponlea . Countdown was the most popular music program in Australian TV history . It was broadcast nationwide on Australia 's government-owned broadcaster , the ABC , and commanded a huge and loyal audience . It soon exerted a strong influence on radio programmers because of its audience and the amount of Australian content it featured . The first half-hour episode went to air at 6.30 pm on Friday , 8 November 1974 , but for most of the time it was on air , it also gained double exposure throughout the country by screening a new episode each Sunday evening , and then repeating it the following Saturday evening . The majority of performances on the show were lip synched . Molly Meldrum , the program 's talent co-ordinator , began appearing on-air in 1975 , presenting the `` Humdrum '' music news segment and conducting interviews . Meldrum soon became the `` face '' of Countdown . He appeared regularly on-air until 1986 . Another attraction to the program was the local and international acts who would host an episode - usually performing as well . During the show , Meldrum would interview them ( while co-hosting ) or have a chat with them before the show went out with the number 1 single of the week . In October 2014 , Meldrum published his autobiography , `` The Never , Um , Ever Ending Story '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdd43e91aedb44bf54ccdce6a79758a8", "text": "Champion Spark Plug Hour Champion Spark Plug Hour was a music radio program sponsored by Champion . It was broadcast on New York 's WJZ and WGY during the late 1920s and early 1930s . An entry in The Chronicle-Telegram ( Elyria , Ohio ) for October 4 , 1926 , indicates the show aired on Tuesday afternoons at 5 p.m. By 1928 , they were heard Wednesday evenings at 8 p.m. on the NBC Blue Network . The program featured the Champion Sparkers Male Quartet and an orchestra conducted by Walter Gustave `` Gus '' Haenschen . Personnel in the band included Sam Lewis ( trombone ) , Earl Oliver ( trumpet ) , Merle Johnston ( saxophone ) and Phil Gleason . Irving Kaufman ( 1890-1976 ) was a featured vocalist with the band . The Oswego Palladium-Times ( Oswego , New York ) offered a description of the program for December 27 , 1928 : The Champion Sparkers will present Ed Smalle . singing comedian as featured soloist during thelr program which will be heard from WHAM and other stations of the NBC System at 8 o'clock tonight . Smalle 's numbers include `` Happy Days and Lonely Nights , '' `` All By Yourself in the Moonlight '' and `` The Sun is at My Window . '' The delicate `` Valse Viennese '' is offered in an interesting arrangement for saxophones . Haenschen , who was also the program 's director , composed the show 's theme song , `` The March of the Champions '' ( aka `` Champion Sparkers March '' ) . The orchestra and quartet recorded for Brunswick Records in 1931 , including William Tell Overture , The Mikado , Peer Gynt Suites , `` Parade of the Wooden Soldiers , '' `` Just Bubbling Over with Love '' and `` Lilting Lucia . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190823ba369ad493c2e35a04aa148f56", "text": "Rock-A-Hula Baby `` Rock-A-Hula Baby ( `` Twist '' Special ) '' is a song performed by Elvis Presley for the 1961 movie Blue Hawaii . Written by Ben Weisman , Fred Wise , and Dolores Fuller , it is a genre mix of Hawaiian folk and rock and roll . It was the first song published by Fuller , who would eventually co-write a dozen songs for Presley . A double A-sided release with `` Ca n't Help Falling in Love '' , it peaked at No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1962 , and spent four weeks at the chart summit . The song has appeared on several compilation albums due to its chart success . The title song of the 1992 movie Rock-a-Doodle parodied `` Rock-A-Hula Baby '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49cb0951e45c8ed8e6a5daa504cc9305", "text": "My Aim Is True My Aim Is True is the debut album by English singer-songwriter Elvis Costello . The album was recorded at Pathway Studios in Highbury , London Borough of Islington , over the course of 1976 during late-night studio sessions , in a total of approximately twenty-four hours . It was the first of five consecutive Costello albums produced by Nick Lowe and cost # 2,000 to record . The backing band was made up of members of Clover , but they were uncredited on the original release due to contractual difficulties ; some early publicity for the album identified the backing band as `` The Shamrocks '' . In 1977 Rolling Stone magazine named the album one of the best of the year . In 2003 , the TV network VH1 named My Aim Is True the 80th greatest album of all time . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 168 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . In 2004 , it was ranked 37 of the top 100 albums of the 1970s by Pitchfork which reported the album to be `` held by many as the most impressive debut in pop music history . '' In 2007 , the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7212a2969125051c05f04056192066", "text": "Elvis (1973 album) Elvis is a 1973 album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley . It sold over 1 million copies worldwide despite being released soon after the much more successful Aloha from Hawaii album . It is sometimes called The Fool album after one of the songs included in it , to differentiate it from the 1956 album of the same title . `` Fool '' was issued as a single and reached number 15 in the UK , backed by a live version of `` Steamroller Blues '' . `` Fool '' and `` Where Do I Go From Here '' were recorded in March 1972 . `` It 's Impossible '' is a live recording from the Hilton Hotel in Las Vegas from February 1972 . Tracks 3 , 4 , 6 -- 10 were leftovers from the March and May 1971 recording sessions at RCA 's Studio B in Nashville . Three songs feature Presley on piano : `` It 's Still Here '' , `` I 'll Take You Home Again , Kathleen '' and `` I Will Be True '' . These three selections were all released together for a second time as part of the 1980 boxed set , Elvis Aron Presley . The song `` Fool '' was also released in this collection . Four other songs in this album were also reissued in other albums : `` It 's Impossible '' ( Pure Gold , 1975 ) , `` Padre '' ( He Walks Beside Me , 1978 ) , '' ( That 's What You Get ) For Lovin ' Me '' ( A Canadian Tribute , 1978 ) and `` Do n't Think Twice , It 's All Right '' ( Our Memories Of Elvis Volume 2 , 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080608a18623f8f4e653f471b108c0f0", "text": "The Sun Sessions The Sun Sessions is a compilation of Elvis Presley recordings at Sun Studios in 1954 and 1955 . It was issued by RCA Records in 1976 , and had been issued and charted as The Sun Collection in the UK the previous year . It features liner notes by Roy Carr of the New Musical Express .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa99e2f821a2ebfb81d621e4411ee510", "text": "Deanna Summers Deanna ( Dea ) Summers ( May 30 , 1940 in New Albany , MS -- February 14 , 2017 in Garland , TX ) was an American songwriter born in Mississippi . The family relocated to Memphis , Tennessee in 1952 where she attended Kingsbury Jr. . High School . She also attended Humes High School before her family relocated to Dallas , Texas . She has been an active member of BMI ( Broadcast Music Incorporated ) as both a songwriter and publisher affiliate since 1965 . She is co-owner of Silicon Music Publishing and many of her compositions have been recorded by various artists . Her songs and published works have appeared on Capri Records , Tear Drop Records , Charay Records , Mister Rock Records , Enviken Records , Le Cam Records , Country Disco Records , Rollercoaster Records , Primo Records , Crystal Clear Sound Records , Collector Records , Collectable Records , Big Beat Records , Lake County Records , Domino Records , Front Row Records , Maridene Records , Helvis Records , W&G Records , Overtone Records . In 1977 she wrote `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' as a tribute to Elvis Presley and Priscilla Presley . The song was issued by Tear Drop Records in 1977 and became one of her most popular compositions . The `` Goodbye Priscilla '' 45 is now a much sought-after collectible and has been issued on several Elvis `` tribute '' compilation albums and CDs . She later met with Priscilla Presley and personally presented her with a copy of the original 45rpm record . When `` Goodbye Priscilla '' was first released in 1977 there was some confusion about which Priscilla it was written for-Priscilla Presley or Priscilla Davis who was a main character in the famous Cullen Davis Murder Trials . In his book `` Blood Will Tell-The Murder Trials Of Cullen Davis '' author Gary Cartwright credits the song ( page 199 ) as referring to Priscilla Davis . However , this song was written solely for Priscilla Presley as a tribute to Elvis . Summers was profiled in the Dictionary of International Biography ( 1982 Edition published by IBC Cambridge ) . She is also profiled in Songwriter 's Market ( 1979 -- Present ) published by Writer 's Digest Books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41fa88b2e67839f05e10c4ea7608d446", "text": "Naked Elvis Naked Elvis is a late-night British television quiz show on Channel 4 hosted by Tania Strecker . Two teams of students would answer general knowledge questions . There was a scoremaster dressed as Elvis Presley , who would remove one item of clothing between each round until he was naked .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0db66024ddcf8bc7a58327af2ab1d1", "text": "From Elvis in Memphis From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley , released on RCA Records . It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band , informally known as `` The Memphis Boys '' . Following the success of Presley 's 1968 Christmas television special and its soundtrack , the album marked Presley 's return to non-soundtrack albums after the completion of his film contract with Paramount Pictures . Presley 's entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record this album at American Sound , a new Memphis studio at the peak of a hit-producing streak . The reason for going to Moman 's studio was for the soul sound of the house band , ` the Memphis Boys ' . The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the `` country soul '' style . This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements . In any case , the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound . From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews . The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 , number two on the country charts and number one in the United Kingdom , and its single `` In the Ghetto '' reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970 . In later years , it garnered further favorable reviews , while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec3538ea33f95598f0230b957a604222", "text": "The Statler Brothers Show The Statler Brothers Show was an American television variety show hosted by country music group The Statler Brothers . The show ran for seven seasons from 1991 to 1998 on The Nashville Network ( TNN ) as part of the network 's Saturday night lineup and became the most popular show on TNN , including being the highest rated show in the network 's history . The show 's theme music is an instrumental of `` The Class of ' 57 , '' one of the Statlers ' biggest hits as performed by the Bill Walker Orchestra , which along with the Statlers ' band , provided all the music for the show . Each episode of the program opened with a performance by the Statlers of one of their biggest hits , along with comedy interludes from group member Harold Reid . Other regulars on the show over the course of its run included fellow country artists Rex Allen , Jr. , Janie Fricke , Crystal Gayle , and Ronna Reeves , who would also perform their songs on the show . There was also a segment that featured magicians , jugglers , acrobats , etc. . The show also featured a segment called `` Yesteryear , '' in which a year in history was remembered through songs released in that year as well as description of events that occurred in that year as performed and told by the Statlers and the regulars . The segment became so popular at one point that it developed into a stand-alone spin-off series which also aired on TNN , but was short-lived . After `` Yesteryear , '' a similar segment was introduced called `` Music Mail Time , '' in which viewers could write in and request popular songs to be performed by the Statlers and the regulars . Each episode also included major country music guest stars who performed their hits of the day , and the show always closed with a gospel song performed by the Statlers with Bill Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c14bfbffdf897234bc1739f0d17553c9", "text": "Ben Weisman Ben Weisman ( November 16 , 1921 -- May 20 , 2007 ) was an eccentric American composer significant for having written more songs recorded by Elvis Presley ( fifty seven ) than any other songwriter in history . The Mad Professor as Weisman was nicknamed by Elvis , worked with the King from 1956 ( `` First in Line '' ) to 1971 ( `` Change of Habit '' ) . Their early association ( 1957 -- 62 ) produced many of the most powerful rockers and poignant ballads in Presley 's repertoire , including `` Got a Lot o ' Livin ' to Do '' , `` Follow That Dream '' , `` Rock-A-Hula Baby '' , `` Crawfish '' , `` As Long As I Have You '' , `` Pocketful of Rainbows '' and `` Fame And Fortune '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280f0cd1c177cb71b56dd763c2983afe", "text": "Lipsi (dance) The Lipsi is a dance created in East Germany as a communist alternative to Western rock and roll-influenced dancing . Specifically , the group dancing was seen as more sexual than partner dance , where the female follows the male 's lead . The Lipsi was created in 1959 . It was poorly received by youth , with protests beginning in summer 1959 that mocked Walter Ulbricht and supported Elvis Presley . David Byrne described Lipsi as `` a weird sexless popular dance ... that the government attempted to insert into popular culture as a kind of immunization against Elvis 's rock-and-roll gyrations . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41fc194be46ebd6a2ee098c1d1d34ef", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1960 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1960 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring ten hit recordings from 1960 . One song included on this disc , The Twist by Chubby Checker , is not an original Cameo/Parkway recording but a late 60 's re-recording . The reason was because Cameo/Parkway 's collection of songs was not able to be licensed for release on CD at that time . Rhino , therefore could not include the original recording . It is a rare instance that Rhino would substitute an original recording for a newer recording . Two versions of this volume in the `` Billboard Top Hits '' series were released . The original version was released in 1988 and included two appearances by Elvis Presley : `` It 's Now or Never '' and `` Stuck on You . '' In 1993 , the album was re-released and replaced the two Elvis songs with Joe Jones ' `` You Talk Too Much '' and Brenda Lee 's `` Sweet Nothin 's . '' The track lineup on the original 1988 release includes eight songs that reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The substitution of the Elvis Presley tracks on the re-release brings that number down to six . On both releases , all tracks reached the Hot 100 's Top 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f1e6577c3259a4fa77414d6f0e244f", "text": "RCA Camden discography RCA Camden was a budget record label launched by RCA Victor in the 1950s . Initially a classical label , it later expanded to include re-releases of older pop records , including those of Elvis Presley . Some of the RCA Camden releases included :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbcae671c7f42b61e9f9ffbf50eadc1d", "text": "I'm Leavin' (Elvis Presley song) `` I 'm Leavin ' '' is a 1971 song by Elvis Presley . It was written by Sonny Charles and Michael Jarrett . The song was originally released in 1971 as a single , with `` Heart of Rome '' ( from the album Love Letters from Elvis ) on the B-side . In the United States `` I 'm Leavin ' '' reached number 36 on Billboard Hot 100 for the week of August 21 , 1971 . In the UK Singles Chart , it reached number 23 for the week of October 2 , 1971 . Later `` I 'm Leavin ' '' was included in the 1980 box set Elvis Aron Presley ( on the record 8 titled `` Lost Singles '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80acbb54bb3bda17ea822acb473320b", "text": "Trust (Elvis Costello album) Trust is an album by Elvis Costello and the Attractions . It is Costello 's fifth album , and fourth with the Attractions . It was also his fifth consecutive album produced by Nick Lowe , who handled production on all songs except `` Big Sister 's Clothes '' ( which the liner notes make clear by stating that Lowe was `` not to blame '' for it ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9adc3047db64f21fbc474d88f38d53ba", "text": "The Buddy Deane Show The Buddy Deane Show was a teen dance television show , similar to Philadelphia 's American Bandstand , that was created by Zvi Shoubin and aired on WJZ-TV in Baltimore , Maryland from 1957 until 1964 . The show was taken off the air because home station WJZ-TV was unable to integrate black and white dancers . Its host was Winston `` Buddy '' Deane ( 1924-2003 ) , who died in Pine Bluff , Arkansas after suffering a stroke , July 16 , 2003 . He was 78 . Winston `` Buddy '' Deane was a broadcaster for more than 50 years , beginning his career in Little Rock , Arkansas , then moving to the Memphis , Tennessee market before moving on to Baltimore where he worked at WITH radio . He was one of the first disc jockeys in the area to regularly feature rock-and-roll . His dance party television show debuted in 1957 and was , for a time , the most popular local show in the United States . It aired for two and a half hours a day , six days a week . Hundreds of thousands of teens learned the latest dances of their day by watching Committee Members on The Buddy Deane Show . Teenagers who appeared on the show every day were known as the `` Committee . '' Committee members included Mike Miller , Charlie Bledsoe , Ron Osher , Mary Lou Raines , Pat ( ricia ) Tacey , and Cathy Schmink . Viewers often emulated the Committee members ' dance moves , copied their personal style , and followed their life stories and interactions . Buddy Deane organized and disc-jockeyed dances in public venues across the WJZ-TV broadcast area , across much of Maryland and Southern Delaware . At such events , tens of thousands of teenagers were exposed to live recording artists and TV personalities . Many top acts of the day , both black and white , appeared on the show . Acts that appeared on The Buddy Deane Show first were reportedly barred from appearing on Dick Clark 's American Bandstand . If they were on Bandstand first , however , they could still be on The Buddy Deane Show . Although WJZ-TV , owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting ( now CBS ) , was an ABC affiliate , the station `` blacked out '' the network broadcast of American Bandstand in Baltimore and broadcast the Deane program instead , reportedly because Bandstand showed black teenagers dancing on the show ( although black and white teenagers were not allowed to dance together until the show was moved to California in 1964 ) . The Deane program set aside every other Friday when the show featured only black teenagers ( the rest of the time , the show 's participants were all white ) . Owing to Buddy 's mid-South roots and work history , he brought onto his show many performers from the ranks of Country and Western music ( e.g. , Skeeter Davis , singing `` The End of the World '' and Brenda Lee singing `` Sweet Nothin 's '' ) , who then achieved cross-over hits among rock 'n' roll fans . Buddy Deane also played songs that other disc-jockeys , often including Dick Clark , refused to present to mostly white teen TV audiences , because the acts sounded `` too Black '' ( e.g. , `` Do You Love Me , '' by the Contours , or `` Hide and Seek , '' by Bunker Hill ) . With an ear for music , seasoned by many more prior years as a disk jockey than Dick Clark , Buddy also brought to his audience a wider array of white musical acts than were seen on `` American Bandstand . '' For example , Carole King appeared on the show , nearly a decade before she burst to popularity with her landmark 1970 album , `` Tapestry , '' playing her 45RPM single `` It Might as Well Rain Until September . '' ( For another example , Dean featured English artist , Helen Shapiro , singing her Baltimore hit , `` Tell Me What He Said , '' at about the time that the Beatles were on tour around England , playing on the same show bill with her . )", "title": "" } ]	fever
b6b2255caf280d42189d3976ad8fb21b	NASA led the Apollo Moon landing missions in the 1960s.	[ { "docid": "ff96f00d6f5af0bc5d35d1d380d1e44c", "text": "NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA -LSB- ˈnæsə -RSB- ) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program , as well as aeronautics and aerospace research . President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958 with a distinctly civilian ( rather than military ) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science . The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29 , 1958 , disestablishing NASA 's predecessor , the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics ( NACA ) . The new agency became operational on October 1 , 1958 . Since that time , most US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA , including the Apollo Moon landing missions , the Skylab space station , and later the Space Shuttle . Currently , NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle , the Space Launch System and Commercial Crew vehicles . The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program ( LSP ) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches . NASA science is focused on better understanding Earth through the Earth Observing System , advancing heliophysics through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate 's Heliophysics Research Program , exploring bodies throughout the Solar System with advanced robotic spacecraft missions such as New Horizons , and researching astrophysics topics , such as the Big Bang , through the Great Observatories and associated programs . NASA shares data with various national and international organizations such as from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite . Since 2011 , NASA has been criticized for low cost efficiency , achieving little results in return for high development costs .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f2b8b238f72438bccab243e8969059aa", "text": "Luna E-1 No.3 Luna E-1 No. 3 , sometimes identified by NASA as Luna 1958C , was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1958 . It was a 361 kg Luna E-1 spacecraft , the third of four to be launched , all of which were involved in launch failures . It was intended to impact the surface of the Moon , and in doing so become the first man-made object to reach its surface . The spacecraft was intended to release 1 kg of sodium , in order to create a cloud of the metal which could be observed from Earth , allowing the spacecraft to be tracked . Prior to the release of information about its mission , NASA correctly identified that it had been an attempted Lunar impact mission . Luna E-1 No. 3 was launched on 4 December 1958 atop a Luna 8K72 carrier rocket , flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . Two hundred and forty five seconds into the flight , a hydrogen peroxide pump seized up due to loss of lubrication , which caused the rocket 's core stage engines to fail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b159334e065afdd32e119ad7d2a71a7", "text": "Space Shuttle design process See also Space Shuttle program - Conception and development Even before the Project Apollo moon landing in 1969 , NASA began studies of space shuttle designs as early as October 1968 . The early studies were denoted `` Phase A '' , and in June 1970 , `` Phase B '' , which were more detailed and specific . The primary intended use of the space shuttle was supporting the future space station , ferrying a minimum crew of four and about 20000 lb of cargo , and able to be rapidly turned around for future flights . Two designs emerged as front-runners . One was designed by engineers at the Manned Spaceflight Center , and championed especially by George Mueller . This was a two-stage system with delta-winged spacecraft , and generally complex . An attempt to re-simplify was made in the form of the DC-3 , designed by Maxime Faget , who had designed the Mercury capsule among other vehicles . Numerous offerings from a variety of commercial companies were also offered , but generally fell by the wayside as each NASA lab pushed for its own version . All of this was taking place in the midst of other NASA teams proposing a wide variety of post-Apollo missions , a number of which would cost as much as Apollo or more . As each of these projects fought for funding , the NASA budget was at the same time being severely constrained . Three were eventually presented to Vice President Agnew in 1969 . The shuttle project rose to the top , largely due to tireless campaigning by its supporters . By 1970 the shuttle had been selected as the one major project for the short-term post-Apollo time frame . When funding for the program came into question , there were concerns that the project might be cancelled . This led to an effort to interest the US Air Force in using the shuttle for their missions as well . The Air Force was mildly interested , but demanded a much larger vehicle , far larger than the original concepts . To lower the development costs of the resulting designs , boosters were added , a throw-away fuel tank was adopted , and many other changes made that greatly lowered the reusability and greatly added to vehicle and operational costs . With the Air Force 's approval , the system emerged in its operational form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "731366d0b75c6216a4292f16c301136b", "text": "The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks is a non-fiction book by Joe Kloc , a former contributing editor for Seed Magazine . It describes the efforts of both Joseph Gutheinz , a NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent turned college professor and his students to locate and find up to 79 missing Apollo 11 and 17 moon rocks and plaques that the United States government gave away to 135 nations of the world , all 50 states and its territories . It begins by telling the story of Operation Lunar Eclipse , the first successful sting operation to recover a piece of the moon brought back by American astronauts , a sting operation the professor led and went undercover in , while still an agent . The sting operation successfully recovered the Honduras Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock that was in the possession of Florida businessman Alan H. Rosen . This operation was funded in part with the financial assistance of H. Ross Perot , billionaire and former Presidential candidate . On October 1 , 2012 , Gutheinz gave a major speech on Operation Lunar Eclipse and the Moon Rock Project before the Engineering Colloquium at NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center . The speech was entitled `` Finding the Missing Moon Rocks '' , and is preserved on a video at the Space Flight Center Library . In that speech Joe Gutheinz was critical of NASA and the U.S. Government for not turning over the Cyprus Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock to Cyprus , which was also a major topic in Joe Kloc 's novel . On May 16 , 2013 news reports first broke that bowing from pressure from Cyprus the United States Government would give Cyprus its Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7911aeffd13d22ec6cff8f5c783edd69", "text": "Goddard Space Flight Center The Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ) is a major NASA space research laboratory established on May 1 , 1959 as NASA 's first space flight center . GSFC employs approximately 10,000 civil servants and contractors , and is located approximately 6.5 mi northeast of Washington , D.C. in Greenbelt , Maryland , United States . GSFC , one of ten major NASA field centers , is named in recognition of Dr. Robert H. Goddard ( 1882 -- 1945 ) , the pioneer of modern rocket propulsion in the United States . GSFC is the largest combined organization of scientists and engineers in the United States dedicated to increasing knowledge of the Earth , the Solar System , and the Universe via observations from space . GSFC is a major U.S. laboratory for developing and operating unmanned scientific spacecraft . GSFC conducts scientific investigation , development and operation of space systems , and development of related technologies . Goddard scientists can develop and support a mission , and Goddard engineers and technicians can design and build the spacecraft for that mission . Goddard scientist John C. Mather shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on COBE . GSFC also operates two spaceflight tracking and data acquisition networks ( the Space Network and the Near Earth Network ) , develops and maintains advanced space and Earth science data information systems , and develops satellite systems for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) . GSFC manages operations for many NASA and international missions including the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) , the Explorer program , the Discovery Program , the Earth Observing System ( EOS ) , INTEGRAL , MAVEN , OSIRIS-REx , the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) , the Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO ) , and Swift . Past missions managed by GSFC include the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) , Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , SMM , COBE , IUE , and ROSAT . Typically , unmanned earth observation missions and observatories in Earth orbit are managed by GSFC , while unmanned planetary missions are managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in Pasadena , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7ea0c11423678b2b07c0025d4485140", "text": "Rescue Agreement The Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts , the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space , also referred to as the Rescue Agreement is an international agreement setting forth rights and obligations of states concerning the rescue of persons in space . The Agreement was created by a 19 December 1967 consensus vote in the United Nations General Assembly ( Resolution 2345 ( XXII ) ) . It came into force on 3 December 1968 . Its provisions elaborate on the rescue provisions in Article V of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty . Despite containing more specificity and detail than the rescue provision in Article V of the Outer Space Treaty , the Rescue Agreement still suffers from vague drafting and the possibility of differing interpretation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "770ca7b0b122323c1a8b83340e25c9dc", "text": "NASA Space Flight Medal The NASA Space Flight Medal is a decoration of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . According to its statutes , it is awarded `` for significant achievement or service during individual participation as a civilian or military astronaut , pilot , mission specialist , payload specialist , or other space flight participant in a space flight mission . '' In practice , the medal is bestowed upon any astronaut ( US or foreign ) who flies aboard a United States space mission , and typically every subsequent flight is honored with an additional award . Multiple awards of the decoration are annotated either by award stars or oak leaf clusters ( depending on the civilian or military status of the recipient and , if military , the branch of service ) . The NASA Space Flight Medal is also authorized for wear on active uniforms of the United States military and is worn after all military decorations . For those who perform an act of gallantry or heroic action while engaged in a U.S. space mission , NASA also presents an award known as the Congressional Space Medal of Honor . This is separate award from the Medal of Honor which is a U.S. military decoration for extreme bravery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95f2941c8a4e2bdf53d228c8cccd7f8a", "text": "Max Launch Abort System The Max Launch Abort System ( MLAS ) was a proposed alternative to the Maxime Faget-invented `` tractor '' launch escape system ( LES ) that was planned for use by NASA for its Orion spacecraft in the event an Ares I malfunction during launch required an immediate abort . Designed by NASA engineers and reported on the website NASASpaceFlight.com on December 6 , 2007 , the proposed MLAS used four existing Huntsville-built Thiokol solid-rocket motors ( built in 1988 ) placed at 90 ° intervals within the Orion 's bullet-shaped fairing . The fairing was originally designed to protect the Orion spacecraft from aerodynamic stresses during launch , and to provide an interface between the spacecraft 's crew module with the LES . The MLAS was designed with the aim of reducing the height of the Orion/Ares I stack while also reducing weight and center-of-gravity issues of a traditional LES . The bullet-shaped MLAS was also expected to provide better aerodynamic qualities during the first two minutes of flight , reducing stresses when the vehicle encounters the `` max Q '' region of hypersonic flight . The MLAS was also expected to simplify production , as existing hardware would be employed . There are several drawbacks to MLAS . First , the bullet-shaped protective cover would have to be modified and reinforced to allow for the use of the solid-rocket motors , something not needed with the LES , which bolts on top of the LIDS docking ring assembly . Second , the necessity to fire multiple motors ( LES uses one motor and multiple nozzles ) simultaneously for an abort decreases the theoretical reliability of the launch abort system by introducing more failure modes . Like the existing LES , the MLAS would provide protection to the Orion spacecraft crew during the first minutes of flight , with the MLAS being jettisoned , along with the service module 's fairing panels , after the solid-rocket first stage was jettisoned . If implemented , the Orion/Ares I stack would have resembled the towerless Gemini-Titan stack used between 1965 -- 1966 , in which ejection seats were used as the primary form of escape for the astronauts who flew on the ten Gemini missions . The MLAS concept was dropped with the transformation of the Crew Exploration Vehicle into the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle , and the switch of the launch vehicle from Ares I ( with its perennial underperformance ) to the Delta IV Heavy or Space Launch System .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb435657372deaf82282521c2e1fd468", "text": "Criticism of the Space Shuttle program Criticism of the Space Shuttle program stemmed from claims that NASA 's Shuttle program failed to achieve its promised cost and utility goals , as well as design , cost , management , and safety issues . More specifically , it failed in the goal of reducing the cost of space access . Space Shuttle incremental per-pound launch costs ultimately turned out to be considerably higher than those of expendable launchers . By 2011 , the incremental cost per flight of the Space Shuttle was estimated at $ 450 million , or $ 18,000 per kilogram ( approximately $ 8,000 per pound ) to low Earth orbit ( LEO ) . By comparison , Russian Proton expendable cargo launchers ( Atlas V rocket counterpart ) , still largely based on the design that dates back to 1965 , are said to cost as little as $ 110 million , or around $ 5,000 / kg ( approximately $ 2,300 per pound ) to LEO . When all design and maintenance costs are taken into account , the final cost of the Space Shuttle program , averaged over all missions and adjusted for inflation , was estimated to come out to $ 1.5 billion per launch , or $ 60,000 / kg ( approximately $ 27,000 per pound ) to LEO . This should be contrasted with the originally envisioned costs of $ 118 per pound of payload in 1972 dollars ( approximately $ 657 per pound adjusting for inflation to 2013 ) . It failed in the goal of achieving reliable access to space , partly due to multi-year interruptions in launches following Shuttle failures . NASA budget pressures caused by the chronically high NASA Space Shuttle program costs have eliminated NASA manned space flight beyond low earth orbit since Apollo , and severely curtailed use of unmanned probes . NASA 's promotion of and reliance on the Shuttle slowed domestic commercial expendable launch vehicle ( ELV ) programs until after the 1986 Challenger disaster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb73ad2eab73451d91625d9d2f89c992", "text": "Canceled Apollo missions Several planned missions of the Apollo manned Moon landing program of the 1960s and 1970s were canceled for a variety of reasons , including changes in technical direction , the Apollo 1 fire , hardware delays , and budget limitations . Immediately after the program achieved its primary objective in July 1969 with Apollo 11 to land men on the Moon and return them safely , nine more landing missions were planned , but the last three , Apollo 18 , 19 and 20 , were canceled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1561a9d79ed93b9caf9c1e194f98c85f", "text": "NASA Exceptional Bravery Medal The NASA Exceptional Bravery Medal is a NASA award for exemplary and courageous handling of an emergency by an individual who , independent of personal danger , has acted to prevent the loss of human life or U.S. government property . The award is open to government and non-government employees . The first two medals were awarded in 1969 to NASA engineers Bill B. McClure and Charles J. `` Jack '' Beverlin , who prevented the collapse and explosion of an Atlas rocket at great risk to their own lives . A feature on Mars was later named after them . Exceptional Bravery Medals were also awarded to Herbert W. Grandy in 1970 , and to Paul D. Sebesta in 1974 . Subsequently , thirty eight workers at the Michoud Assembly Facility were awarded this medal for protecting the facility from flooding due to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee2be233514013248fb056c0b8c60acc", "text": "Surveyor program The Surveyor program was a NASA program that , from June 1966 through January 1968 , sent seven robotic spacecraft to the surface of the Moon . Its primary goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of soft landings on the Moon . The Surveyor craft were the first American spacecraft to achieve soft landing on an extraterrestral body . The missions called for the craft to travel directly to the Moon on an impact trajectory , a journey that lasted 63 to 65 hours , and ended with a deceleration of just over three minutes to a soft landing . The program was implemented by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) to prepare for the Apollo program . JPL selected Hughes Aircraft to develop the spacecraft system . The total cost of the Surveyor program was officially $ 469 million . Five of the Surveyor craft successfully soft-landed on the moon , including the first one . The other two failed : Surveyor 2 crashed at high velocity after a failed mid-course correction , and Surveyor 4 was lost to contact ( possibly exploding ) 2.5 minutes before its scheduled touch-down . All seven spacecraft are still on the Moon ; none of the missions included returning them to Earth . Some parts of Surveyor 3 were returned to Earth by the crew of Apollo 12 , which landed near it in 1969 . The camera from this craft is on display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington , DC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95eb89b588abcf0897b208b90b37ce5", "text": "Apogee Books Apogee Books is an imprint of Canadian publishing house Collector 's Guide Publishing . The Apogee imprint began with `` Apollo 8 The NASA Mission Reports '' in November 1998 at the request of astronaut Buzz Aldrin , second man on the moon . The first publication by Apogee was printed to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the first manned flight around the moon . A limited edition print run of this Apollo 8 book led to Aldrin suggesting that the imprint continue with further anniversary publications . In March 1999 Apogee published the book Apollo 9 - The NASA Mission Reports . Since that time Apogee has been the winner of the Space Frontier Foundation 's media award and has published almost 100 books on space flight . Almost all of the Apogee titles were packaged with CDROMs or DVDs which included what was , at the time , the first digital release of seminal NASA footage , including the first commercial release of the uncut television broadcast of the Apollo 11 moonwalk . Notable contributors to the Apogee series include Sir Arthur C. Clarke , Tom Hanks , Ron Howard , Buzz Aldrin , Harrison Schmitt , William Pogue , Wernher von Braun , David Lasser , Sy Liebergot , Guenter Wendt , Robert Zubrin , Wally Schirra , David R. Scott , Rick Tumlinson and Winston Scott . Apogee Books has performed contracted work with or for , Lockheed , Boeing , Energia , NASA , Imax , Space Frontier Foundation , The Mars Society and The National Space Society . An offshoot of Apogee Books , publishing science fiction , began in 2005 . Apogee Science Fiction specializes in space-related historical science fiction . By 2007 titles had been published by Hugo Gernsback , Garrett P. Serviss , Wernher von Braun , and George Griffith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "783c1279924414689cc23407e1491a49", "text": "National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics ( NACA ) was a U.S. federal agency founded on March 3 , 1915 , to undertake , promote , and institutionalize aeronautical research . On October 1 , 1958 , the agency was dissolved , and its assets and personnel transferred to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) . NACA was pronounced as discrete letters , rather than as a whole word ( and after NASA first was established , its acronym was pronounced as discrete letters in the early years ) . Among other advancements , NACA research and development produced the NACA duct , a type of air intake used in modern automotive applications , the NACA cowling , and several series of NACA airfoils which are still used in aircraft manufacturing . During World War II , NACA was described as `` The Force Behind Our Air Supremacy '' due to its key role in producing working superchargers for high altitude bombers , and for producing the cutting-edge wing profiles for the North American P-51 Mustang . NACA was also key in developing the area rule that is used on all modern supersonic aircraft , and conducted the key compressibility research that enabled the Bell X-1 to break the sound barrier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d678faafe13fb09ffe77c9e2783541", "text": "History of the United States National Security Council 1953–61 This article is about the history of the United States National Security Council during the Eisenhower Administration , 1953 -- 1961 . Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower , the National Security Council system evolved into the principal arm of the President in formulating and executing policy on military , international , and internal security affairs . Where Harry S. Truman was uncomfortable with the NSC system and only made regular use of it under the pressure of the Korean War , Eisenhower embraced the NSC concept and created a structured system of integrated policy review . Eisenhower had a penchant for careful staff work , and believed that effective planning involved a creative process of discussion and debate among advisers compelled to work toward consensus recommendations . The genesis of the new NSC system was a report prepared for the President in March 1953 by Robert Cutler , who became the President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs . Cutler proposed a systematic flow of recommendation , decision , and implementation that he later described as the `` policy hill '' process . At the bottom of the hill , concerned agencies such as State and Defense produced draft policy recommendations on specific topics and worked for consensus at the agency level . These draft NSC papers went up the hill through the Planning Board , created to review and refine the recommendations before passing them on for full NSC consideration . The NSC Planning Board met on Tuesday and Friday afternoons and was composed of officials at the Assistant Secretary level from the agencies with permanent or standing representation on the Council , as well as advisers from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Central Intelligence Agency . Hundreds of hours were spent by the Board reviewing and reconstructing proposed papers for the NSC . Cutler resigned in 1958 in exhaustion . The top of the foreign policy-making hill was the NSC itself , chaired by the President , which met regularly on Thursday mornings . The Council consisted of the five statutory members : the President , Vice President , Secretaries of State and Defense , and Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization . Depending on the subject under discussion , as many as a score of other senior Cabinet members and advisers , including the Secretary of the Treasury , the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , and the Director of Central Intelligence , attended and participated . The agenda included regular briefings by the Director of Central Intelligence on worldwide developments affecting U.S. security , and consideration of the policy papers advanced by the Planning Board . The upshot of the discussions were recommendations to the President in the form of NSC Actions . The President , who participated in the discussion , normally endorsed the NSC Action , and the decision went down the hill for implementation to the Operations Coordinating Board . President Eisenhower created the Operations Coordinating Board ( OCB ) to follow up on all NSC decisions . The OCB met regularly on Wednesday afternoons at the Department of State , and was composed of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs , Deputy Secretary of Defense , the Directors of the CIA , the United States Information Agency , and ICA , and the Special Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs and Security Operations Coordination . The OCB was the coordinating and implementing arm of the NSC for all aspects of the implementation of national security policy . NSC action papers were assigned to a team from the OCB for follow-up . More than 40 interagency working groups were established with experts for various countries and subjects . This 24-person staff of the OCB supported these working groups in which officials from various agencies met each other for the first time . The President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs , a post held under Eisenhower by Cutler , Dillon Anderson , William Harding Jackson , and finally Gordon Gray , oversaw the flow of recommendations and decisions up and down the policy hill , and functioned in Council meetings to brief the Council and summarize the sense of discussion . The Special Assistant was an essential facilitator of the decision-making system , but , unlike the National Security Adviser created under Kennedy , had no substantive role in the process . The NSC staff managed by the Special Assistant grew during the Eisenhower years , but again had no independent role in the policy process . President Eisenhower had great confidence in the efficacy of covert operations as a viable supplement or alternative to previous normal foreign policy initiatives . The seeming clear success of the operations to overthrow Iranian populist leader Mossadegeh in 1953 , and overthrow the democratically elected , left-leaning President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán in Guatemala in 1954 was not without their crisis moments in the White House . In 1954 NSC 5412 provided for the establishment of a panel of designated representatives of the President and the Secretaries of State and Defense to meet regularly to review and recommend covert operations . Gordon Gray assumed the chairmanship of the `` 5412 Committee '' as it was called , and all succeeding National Security Advisers have chaired similar successor committees , variously named `` 303 '' , `` 40 '' , `` Special Coordinating Committee , '' which , in later Presidential administrations , were charged with the review of CIA covert operations . President Eisenhower also created the position of staff secretary with the responsibility to screen all foreign policy and military documents coming to the President . While Colonel Andrew Goodpaster held this position , he tended to eclipse the Special Assistant for National Security . The strength of the NSC system under Eisenhower was that it provided for regular , fully staffed , interagency review of major foreign and national security issues , culminating in discussion and decision at the highest level of government . The resulting Presidentially approved NSC papers provided policy guidance at every level of implementation . Eisenhower felt that the regular policy discussions kept his principal advisers fully informed , in step with one another , and prepared to react knowledgeably in the event of crisis . His commitment to the system was such that he chaired every Council meeting he could attend ( 329 of a total of 366 ) . The NSC meetings , including prior briefings and subsequent review of NSC Actions , constituted the largest single item on his weekly agenda . Secretary of State John Foster Dulles , on the other hand , had reservations about the NSC system . He was the strongest personality in the Eisenhower Cabinet and jealously guarded his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . He had constant , direct access to the President and did not feel that some of the most sensitive issues should be discussed in groups as large as were involved in most NSC meetings . He drew a sharp line between the NSC policy review process and the day-to-day operations of foreign policy , which he maintained were the province of the Department of State . Dulles and his deputies also were not comfortable with the scope the NSC review system gave to Secretary of the Treasury George Humphrey , another strong figure in the Cabinet , to intrude budgetary limitations into policy considerations . Dulles successfully resisted a proposal to substitute the Vice President for the Under Secretary of State as chairman of the OCB , arguing that such a change would impinge on his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . Critics of the Eisenhower NSC system have argued that it was inflexible , overstaffed , unable to anticipate and react to immediate crises , and weighed down by committees reporting in great detail on long checklists of minor policy concerns . The most thorough critique of the system emerged from the hearings conducted in 1960 ( 1961 by the Senate Subcommittee on National Policy Machinery , known as the Jackson Subcommittee for its chairman , Senator Henry Jackson . Cutler and NSC Executive Secretary James Lay testified in support of the effectiveness of the system , but their testimony was offset by that of former Truman administration officials such as George Kennan , Paul Nitze , and Robert Lovett . They argued that foreign policy was being made by a passive President influenced by a National Security Council rendered virtually useless by ponderous , bureaucratic machinery . Basically , they argued , the NSC was a huge committee , and suffered from all the weaknesses of committees . Composed of representatives of many agencies , its members were not free to adopt the broad , statesmanlike attitude desired by the President , but , rather , were ambassadors of their own departments , clinging to departmental rather than national views . To make matters worse , critics added , the NSC system by its very nature was restricted to continuing and developing already established policies and was incapable of originating new ideas or major innovations . The critics suggested replacement of the formal , `` over-institutionalized '' NSC structure with a smaller , less formal NSC which would offer the President a clear choice of alternatives on a limited number of major problems . Eisenhower was certainly not a passive President , dominated by his Secretary of State on foreign policy and national security issues . In fact , Eisenhower was actively in command of his administration 's foreign policy , and the established NSC system met his instincts and requirements to the extent he used them . Although there is substance in the criticism that the Eisenhower NSC became to some extent the prisoner of a rigidly bureaucratic process , the criticism misses the point that Eisenhower and Dulles did not attempt to manage fast-breaking foreign policy crises or day-to-day operation through the NSC apparatus . An examination of several of the major foreign policy decisions that confronted the Eisenhower administration reveals that the NSC system was used to manage some , but was essentially bypassed in others . The established NSC process was used when the question involved a policy debate between departments with strongly held , contending positions , as it did in the case of the debate between the Departments of State and Defense in 1956/1957 over whether to introduce a more modern generation of weapons into Korea , where it focused debate and produced the necessary agreed-upon decision after discussion of three draft policy papers . In fast-breaking crisis situations however , including the concurrent Suez crisis and Hungarian Revolution of 1956 , the first and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1955 and 1958 , and the 1958 Lebanon crisis , these were typically managed through small meetings with the President in the White House , normally involving Dulles and other concerned advisers , and through telephone conversations between Eisenhower , Dulles , and other principal advisers . Eisenhower sometimes used trusted NSC staffers to serve as an intermediary to gain information outside the chain of command as he did with Colonel Goodpaster during the straits crisis in 1955 . There was great similarity between this process of crisis management and that adopted by subsequent Presidents , such as Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon , except for the fact that the ad hoc meetings in the Eisenhower White House did not involve a National Security Adviser as a substantive participant . And in the event that aspects of crisis management depended on contact with the critical man-on-the-spot , as it did in 1958 when Deputy Under Secretary of State Robert Murphy was dispatched to Lebanon to attempt to defuse the crisis , his instructions came from the Department of State and he reported to the Secretary of State rather than directly to the White House , as became the practice during the height of the Vietnam War . When Eisenhower briefed President-elect Kennedy on the NSC system , as when Gordon Gray briefed his successor McGeorge Bundy , they both emphasized the importance of the established NSC machinery in the management of foreign policy and national security affairs . They might have been more persuasive in maintaining the system had they pointed to the fact that the NSC apparatus was essentially limited to policy review , but was not used by them to manage foreign policy crises or day-to-day decisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69bc3a61ebb4bbb1ab76be1543a36674", "text": "Venera The Venera ( , -LSB- vʲɪˈnʲɛrə -RSB- ) series space probes were developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus , Venera being the Russian name for Venus . As with some of the Soviet Union 's other planetary probes , the later versions were launched in pairs with a second vehicle being launched soon after the first of the pair . Ten probes from the Venera series successfully landed on Venus and transmitted data from the surface of Venus , including the two Vega program and Venera-Halley probes . In addition , thirteen Venera probes successfully transmitted data from the atmosphere of Venus . Among the other results , probes of the series became the first human-made devices to enter the atmosphere of another planet ( Venera 4 on October 18 , 1967 ) , to make a soft landing on another planet ( Venera 7 on December 15 , 1970 ) , to return images from the planetary surface ( Venera 9 on June 8 , 1975 ) , and to perform high-resolution radar mapping studies of Venus ( Venera 15 on June 2 , 1983 ) . The later probes in the Venera series successfully carried out their mission , providing the first direct observations of the surface of Venus . Since the surface conditions on Venus are extreme , the probes only survived on the surface for durations varying between 23 minutes ( initial probes ) up to about two hours ( final probes ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cd3020defdef2de425abe8e3a2874b0", "text": "Lunar lander A Lunar lander or Moon lander is a kind of lander ( spacecraft ) designed to conduct a moon landing . Examples of lunar landers or programs to design lunar landers include : Lunar Lander ( space mission ) , an ESA mission to send an autonomous lander to the moon Lunar Lander Challenge , a competition to produce VTVL vehicles with sufficient delta-v to fly from the Moon to orbit Apollo Lunar Module , used for the 1969 -- 1972 human spaceflight program of the United States LK Lander , designed for the human spaceflight program of the Soviet Union Altair ( spacecraft ) , a proposed spacecraft previously known as the Lunar Surface Access Module Luna programme , lander spacecraft used by the Soviet Union for robotic exploration of the Moon Mighty Eagle lander ( previously called NASA Robotic Lunar Lander ) current NASA program for developing a new generation of small , autonomous lunar landers Surveyor Program , lander spacecraft used by the United States for robotic exploration of the Moon Project Morpheus , a NASA research and development program whose test bed may evolve into a 21st Century lunar lander Taiwanese Lunar Lander Program , aiming to send a lander to Moon in 2018 as precursor to a lunar mining program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e04bb1eb026a63854291f1eaf021e09e", "text": "Apollo 9 Apollo 9 was the third manned mission in the United States Apollo space program and the first flight of the Command/Service Module ( CSM ) with the Lunar Module ( LM , pronounced `` lem '' ) . Its three-person crew , consisting of Commander James McDivitt , Command Module Pilot David Scott , and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart , spent ten days in low Earth orbit testing several aspects critical to landing on the Moon , including the LM engines , backpack life support systems , navigation systems , and docking maneuvers . The mission was the second manned launch of a Saturn V rocket . After launching on March 3 , 1969 , the crewmen performed the first manned flight of a LM , the first docking and extraction of a LM , two spacewalks ( EVA ) , and the second docking of two manned spacecraft -- two months after the Soviets performed a spacewalk crew transfer between Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 . The mission proved the LM worthy of manned spaceflight . Further tests on the Apollo 10 mission would prepare the LM for its ultimate goal , landing on the Moon . They returned to Earth on March 13 , 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09415403810f75476fc23fd45fe0f0be", "text": "Space Launch Initiative The Space Launch Initiative ( SLI ) was a NASA and U.S. Department of Defense joint research and technology project to determine the requirements to meet all the nation 's hypersonics , space launch and space technology needs . The program began with the award of reusable launch vehicle study contracts in 2000 . In November 2002 it was evolved into the Orbital Space Plane Program and the Next Generation Launch Technology Program . The primary goal of this research was to increase safety and reliability and to reduce overall costs associated with building , flying and maintaining the nation 's next generation of space launch vehicles . NASA anticipated that these advances would revitalize the nation 's space transportation capabilities , and dramatically improve NASA 's ability to conduct science and exploration missions in space . \| This program was ended with the cancellation of the X-33 and X-34 and the conclusion of the X-43 programs . NASA changed its focus to Constellation Program . The Space Launch Initiative Propulsion Office , managed by NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville , Ala. , sought to advance technologies and explore new avenues of space propulsion to develop safer , more reliable and affordable propulsion solutions . Four main engine candidates for a second generation reusable launch vehicle emerged , including two hydrogen-fueled ( COBRA , RS-83 , TR-106 ) and two kerosene-fueled ( RS-84 , TR-107 ) staged combustion engines . California Poly Pomona 's Professor Steven Dobbs was the Lead Systems Engineer on the project , making significant use of the program as an example for failed systems engineering .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2a63122dac1cb4c734de8f0fe4c26ea", "text": "Japan's space development Japan 's space exploration started in the mid-1950s as a research group led by Hideo Itokawa at the University of Tokyo . Rocket sizes increased gradually from less than 30 cm at the start of the project to over 15 m in the mid-1960s . The aim of the original research project was to launch a man-made satellite . By the 1960s , two organizations , the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ( ISAS ) and the National Space Development Agency of Japan ( NASDA ) , were developing their own rockets . After experiencing numerous failures in the 1990s and 2000s , ISAS and NASDA merged - along with the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan ( NAL ) - to form the unified Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA ) in 2003 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7f39d394fc42e088993e0201ad0a6f35	While she was in her career, Steffi Graf ranked No.1 in the world.	[ { "docid": "628fa842fdfcce181163a1e7eb30c37b", "text": "Steffi Graf Stefanie Maria `` Steffi '' Graf ( -LSB- ˈʃtɛfiː ˈgʁa : f -RSB- ; born 14 June 1969 ) is a German former tennis player , who was ranked world No. 1 during her career . Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles . Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of Major wins by a tennis player ( male or female ) since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court ( 24 ) and Serena Williams ( 23 ) . In 1988 , she became the first and only tennis player ( male or female ) to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year . Furthermore , she is the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times . Graf was ranked world No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for a record 377 total weeks -- the longest period for which any player , male or female , has held the number-one ranking since the WTA and the Association of Tennis Professionals began issuing rankings . She won 107 singles titles , which ranks her third on the WTA 's all-time list after Martina Navratilova ( 167 titles ) and Chris Evert ( 157 titles ) . She and Margaret Court are the only players , male or female , to win three grand slams in a calendar year five times ( 1988 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 and 1996 ) . Notable features of Graf 's game were her versatility across all playing surfaces , footwork and her powerful forehand drive . Graf won six French Open singles titles ( second to Evert ) , seven Wimbledon singles titles , four Australian Open titles , and five U.S. Open singles titles . She is the only singles player ( male or female ) to have achieved a Grand Slam since hard court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978 . Consequently , Graf 's Grand Slam was achieved on grass , clay , and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay . Graf reached thirteen consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open , winning nine of them . She won 5 consecutive Majors ( 1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open ) , and seven Majors out of eight , in two calendar years ( 1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open , except 1989 French Open ) . She reached a total of 31 Grand Slam singles finals . Graf is regarded by some to be the greatest female tennis player of all time . Navratilova included Graf on her list of great players . In 1999 Billie Jean King said `` Steffi is definitely the greatest women 's tennis player of all time '' . In December 1999 , Graf was named the greatest female tennis player of the 20th century by a panel of experts assembled by the Associated Press . Tennis writer Steve Flink , in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century , named her as the best female player of the 20th century . In March 2012 , Tennis Channel picked Graf as the greatest female tennis player ever in their list of 100 greatest tennis players of all time . Graf retired in 1999 while she was ranked World No. 3 . She married former World No. 1 men 's tennis player Andre Agassi in October 2001 . The couple has two children -- Jaden Gil and Jaz Elle . Graf was inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in 2004 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "812be07fce09883ea838cf9bb7306267", "text": "Sparkassen Cup (tennis) The Sparkassen Cup is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated tennis tournament played from 1990 to 2003 . It was held in Leipzig in Germany and played on indoor carpet courts . The inaugural event was held from 24 -- 30 September 1990 , shortly before the German reunification . Steffi Graf won the first four titles and won the tournament again in 1998 to make her the most successful player at the event . Anke Huber , Jana Novotná and Kim Clijsters also won multiple singles titles at the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca85461144945ef18435ac3e41b78252", "text": "Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling Hildegard `` Hilde '' Krahwinkel Sperling ( -LSB- ˈhɪldəɡaʁt kʀaːvɪŋkl̩ -RSB- née Krahwinkel ; 26 March 1908 -- 7 March 1981 ) was a German tennis player who became a dual-citizen after marrying Dane Svend Sperling in December 1933 . She won three consecutive singles titles at the French Championships from 1935 to 1937 . Krahwinkel Sperling is generally regarded as the second-greatest female German tennis player in history , behind Steffi Graf . Sperling played a counterpunching game , predicated on speed , and wore down opponents . Helen Jacobs once wrote that Sperling was the third-best player she ever played , behind Helen Wills Moody and Suzanne Lenglen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f425286a89203fc1607339fec351e72b", "text": "1989 Family Circle Cup – Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Natasha Zvereva . Steffi Graf won in the final 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 1 against Zvereva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6495f6f4cae128adc35060114155397", "text": "2001 WTA Tour Championships The 2001 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Sanex Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympiahalle in Munich , Germany . It was the 31st edition of the year-end singles championships , the 26th edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 2001 WTA Tour . The tournament was held between 30 October and 4 November 2001 . Seventh-seeded Serena Williams won the singles event after Lindsay Davenport defaulted the final due to a knee injury she sustained in her semifinal match . Davenport 's semifinal win ensured her the No. 1 year-end ranking . Williams earned $ 500,000 first-prize money as well as 390 ranking points . Venus Williams and Martina Hingis had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to injuries while Monica Seles refused to play in Germany , the country where she was stabbed in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "924aa431f2d70be1fd77242827a8b3e1", "text": "Rot-Weiss Tennis Club The Lawn Tennis Turnier Club Rot-Weiß ( red-white ) is a tennis club located in the Grunewald district of Berlin , Germany . The club was founded in 1897 , and has been the venue of the German Open WTA Tour tournament since 1979 . The club has 16 clay courts . A 7,000-seat stadium court was built in 1996 , and was named Steffi Graf Stadion in September 2004 . The club is located on Gottfried von Cramm Street , named after the German tennis legend and the man primarily responsible for reviving the Rot-Weiß club after world war II , Baron Gottfried von Cramm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfb67860924ead9ea6eac0b744fb04f4", "text": "Advanta Championships of Philadelphia The Advanta Championships of Philadelphia ( also long known as the Virginia Slims of Philadelphia ) was a WTA Tour professional tennis tournament for women played from 1971 through 2005 in Philadelphia , United States . The tournament was classified on the WTA Tour as a Tier I event from 1993 through 1995 . It was classified as a Tier II event in 1991 , 1992 , and from 1996 through 2005 . The tournament was played indoors , on carpet from 1991 through 2000 and on hard courts from 1971 through 1979 and from 2003 through 2005 . Past singles champions include Conchita Martínez , Margaret Court , Chris Evert , Monica Seles , Steffi Graf , Martina Hingis , Lindsay Davenport , and Amélie Mauresmo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f35898db74a6fed138cf74584981c25", "text": "Sabine Lisicki Sabine Katharina Lisicki ( -LSB- zaˈbɪnə lɪˈzɪki -RSB- ; born 22 September 1989 ) is a German professional tennis player . She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title , the Family Circle Cup , against Caroline Wozniacki . In March 2010 , she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200 . Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals , where she lost to Maria Sharapova . In doing so she became only the second woman in Wimbledon history to make it to the semifinals while entering the tournament as a wildcard . She followed that two months later by winning her third WTA tournament , the Texas Open . In 2012 , she achieved her highest career world ranking , 12th , and again reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon . Again , in 2012 she suffered from another ankle injury that prevented her from having better results on tour . Lisicki reached the final of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , losing to Marion Bartoli . The following year , she reached another quarterfinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and won her first title in three years when she won the 2014 Hong Kong Tennis Open . In doubles , Lisicki won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in 2011 with Samantha Stosur and in 2013 with Mona Barthel and the 2014 Sony Open with coach Martina Hingis . She also reached the doubles final at Wimbledon in 2011 with Stosur and came fourth in the mixed doubles event at the 2012 London Olympics with Christopher Kas . Lisicki currently holds the world record for the fastest serve by a female tennis player . She clocked a 131.0 mph serve during her first-round encounter against Ana Ivanovic at the 2014 Bank of the West Classic . She also held the record for the most aces in a singles match , hitting 27 aces during her second-round encounter against Belinda Bencic at the 2015 Aegon Classic , until it was surpassed by Kristýna Plíšková at the 2016 Australian Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89f382872e6f1022ee3d2ea0b2e74767", "text": "1987 Italian Open (tennis) The 1987 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome in Italy that was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix and of 1987 Virginia Slims World Championship Series . The men 's tournament was held from 11 May through 17 May 1987 while the women 's tournament was held from 4 May through 10 May 1987 . Mats Wilander and Steffi Graf won the singles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee977ee4f7b9e8e1da8f7b3e907d657", "text": "Margaret Court career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Australian former tennis player Margaret Court . She won 64 Grand Slam events ( 24 singles , 19 doubles , 21 mixed doubles ) , which is a record for a male or female player . Her 24 Grand Slam singles titles and 21 in mixed doubles are also all-time records for both sexes . She achieved a career Grand Slam in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles . She is one of two women to have achieved the calendar year Grand Slam in singles in the Open Era ( alongside Steffi Graf ) , and is the only woman to have achieved the mixed doubles Grand Slam , which she did twice . Court won more than half of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played ( 24 of 47 ) . She won 192 singles titles before and after the Open Era , an all-time record . Her career singles win-loss record was 1,177-106 , for a winning percentage of 91.74 percent on all surfaces ( hard , clay , grass , carpet ) , is also an all-time record . She won at least 100 singles matches in 1965 ( 113-8 ) , 1968 ( 107-12 ) , 1969 ( 104-6 ) , 1970 ( 110-6 ) , and 1973 ( 108-6 ) . She won more than 80 percent of her singles matches against top 10 players ( 297-73 ) and was the year-end top ranked player seven times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d775d4821dea66b610e0b699f47e4fb6", "text": "Antonella Serra Zanetti Antonella Serra Zanetti ( born 25 July 1980 ; -LSB- antoˈnɛlla ˈsɛrra dzaˈnetti -RSB- ) is a retired professional female tennis player from Italy . On 30 January 2006 Serra Zanetti achieved her career-high singles ranking : World No. 60 . On 8 May 2006 her career-high doubles ranking : World No. 47 . Serra Zanetti won 2 WTA doubles titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee1abdbc9fcaff9f78cb61d6d4494dd5", "text": "1995 Delray Beach Winter Championships – Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion and won in the final 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 4 against Conchita Martínez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd6a2735331cfa97028d2bacf0cc43b0", "text": "Elly Hakami Elly Hakami ( born August 25 , 1969 ) was an American professional tennis player from the mid-1980s until 1997 . Hakami is from Tiburon , California near San Francisco and makes her home there today . She was ranked world No. 32 in 1988 . In 1987 , when she was ranked No. 44 , she played in the third round of the US Open and was beaten by Gabriela Sabatini . They had a re-match in 1989 in the Miami Masters , in which Hakami also lost . In 1987 Hakami played against the world 's highest ranking woman player , Martina Navratilova in Manhattan Beach , California . Although Hakami lost the match in straight sets , Navratilova said of Hakami , `` She 's a very good player . She seems to be very bright and she 's a lot better all-court player than I thought she would be . I thought she served well and she comes out tough . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04afc94dd9acb05ee1c1e6920aaa8816", "text": "1995 WTA Tour Championships The 1996 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Corel WTA Tour Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Madison Square Garden in New York City , New York in the United States . It was the 24th edition of the season-ending singles championships and the 21st edition of the year-end doubles championships . The event was part of the 1995 WTA Tour and was held from November 13 and November 19 , 1995 . First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title , her fourth , and the accompanying $ 500,000 first-prize money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caab5d768461a957152397d13602e1e6", "text": "Angelina Gabueva Angelina Alexandrovna Gabueva ( Ангелина Александровна Габуева born 7 December 1988 in Vladikavkaz ) is a Russian tennis player . Gabueva has won two singles and nine doubles titles on the ITF tour in her career . On 17 June 2013 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 423 . On 12 August 2013 , she peaked at world number 241 in the doubles rankings . Gabueva made her WTA tour debut at the 2006 Tashkent Open , partnering Diana Narzykulova in doubles , but lost her first round match against fellow Russians Anastasia Rodionova and Galina Voskoboeva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63676fce9d70de4583a9b43b7e280b82", "text": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles The Women 's Doubles tournament at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships was held from 20 June to 4 July 1988 on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis in the district of Wimbledon in London , England . Steffi Graf and Gabriela Sabatini won the title , defeating Larisa Savchenko and Natasha Zvereva in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f512d45c3713077cddc3408b044f56ac	Supernatural has at least 12 episodes.	[ { "docid": "d31ec9b60a3c481f79c7a848530cf338", "text": "Supernatural (U.S. TV series) Supernatural is an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke . It was first broadcast on September 13 , 2005 , on The WB , and subsequently became part of successor The CW 's lineup . Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester , the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons , ghosts , monsters , and other supernatural beings . The series is produced by Warner Bros. . Television , in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision . Along with Kripke , executive producers have been McG , Robert Singer , Phil Sgriccia , Sera Gamble , Jeremy Carver , John Shiban , Ben Edlund and Adam Glass . Former executive producer and director Kim Manners died of lung cancer during production of the fourth season . The series is filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia and surrounding areas and was in development for nearly ten years , as creator Kripke spent several years unsuccessfully pitching it . The pilot was viewed by an estimated 5.69 million viewers , and the ratings of the first four episodes prompted The WB to pick up the series for a full season . Originally , Kripke planned the series for three seasons but later expanded it to five . The fifth season concluded the series ' main storyline , and Kripke departed the series as showrunner . The series has continued on for several more seasons with new showrunners , including Sera Gamble , Jeremy Carver , Robert Singer and Andrew Dabb . With its eleventh season , Supernatural became the longest-running American fantasy series . The series was renewed for a twelfth season , which aired from October 13 , 2016 , to May 18 , 2017 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a thirteenth season .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0879d3eb2194a8b8c7b1861ae3d83876", "text": "Wynonna Earp (TV series) Wynonna Earp is a Canadian-American supernatural Western horror television series . Developed by Emily Andras , it is based on the comic book series by Beau Smith . Melanie Scrofano plays the series ' titular character . Wynonna Earp premiered in the United States on Syfy on April 1 , 2016 , at 10 p.m. ET , and in Canada on CHCH-DT on April 4 , 2016 , at 9 p.m. ET . On July 23 , 2016 , the renewal for a second season was announced at the Wynonna Earp panel at San Diego Comic-Con . Originally slated for ten episodes , the season was increased to 12 episodes in October 2016 . In Canada , Wynonna Earp moved from CHCH-DT to Space effective April 15 , 2017 . In anticipation of the premiere of Season 2 , Space began airing Season 1 on the same date with a special double-episode series debut . Season 2 will premiere simultaneously on Syfy and Space at 10 p.m. ET on June 9 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78a45e8556177efb2fa311dbdc924c69", "text": "Supernatural (Stereo MCs album) Supernatural is a 1990 album by Stereo MCs . The album is their second release . The US release is subtitled `` American Mix '' and has a different track list . In 1996 , Mixmag ranked the album at number 46 in its list of the `` Best Dance Albums of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d69131fae8d0be32393011175ecaeb9f", "text": "My Ghost Story My Ghost Story is an American television series on the paranormal , which premiered on July 17 , 2010 on the Biography Channel . The series features ghost stories told from a person 's own supposed experience with the supernatural . Each episode features claims of encounters at reportedly haunted locations all over the United States , as well as a few locations in other countries . A spin-off series My Ghost Story Asia premiered on the Biography Channel ( Asia ) on 16 August 2012 featuring stories from Singapore and Malaysia . The fifth season started on October 5 , 2012 on Fridays at 9/8 Central . The sixth season which began on August 12 , 2013 aired on the Biography Channel , the original broadcast channel , but halfway through the season the broadcast channel was changed to the Lifetime Movie Network ( LMN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b800ec70e288fcec22fd3ab0821fab22", "text": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 1) The first season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer premiered on March 10 , 1997 as a mid-season replacement on The WB and concluded its 12-episode season on June 2 , 1997 . The first season aired on Mondays at 9:00 pm ET .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e2009864f88dbfac890092e4543178", "text": "Cold Blooded (Grimm) `` Cold Blooded '' is the 7th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 3 and the 51st overall , which premiered on December 13 , 2013 , on the cable network NBC . The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith , and was directed by Terrence O'Hara . The episode aired alongside the next episode , Twelve Days of Krampus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88b84aa666e99c31adf6f606d5c1e57c", "text": "Quill (Grimm) `` Quill '' is the 4th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 2 and the 26th overall , which premiered on September 3 , 2012 , on NBC . The episode was written by David Simkins , and was directed by David Straiton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5b787a280a61806a490288adf9b6a2b", "text": "Casualty (series 15) The fifteenth series of the British medical drama television series Casualty commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 16 September 2000 and finished on 28 April 2001 . It saw another increase , this time to 36 episodes , including two hour-long self-contained ` specials ' , Sympathy for the Devil ( episode 8 ) and Something from the Heart ( episode 23 ) , which were shown in addition to the regular Saturday night episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c86b76d8c01f48e587b05085aba6944", "text": "Reichenbach (Supernatural) `` Reichenbach '' is the second episode of the paranormal drama television series Supernaturals season 10 , and the 197th overall . The episode was written by Andrew Dabb and directed by Thomas J. Wright . It was first broadcast on October 14 , 2014 on The CW . In the episode , Sam escapes from his captor , who is holding a vendetta against Dean for something that happened 12 years ago while Crowley begins to lose control of Dean . Meanwhile , Hannah notices Castiel 's health and decides to ask Metatron for help .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6b5afd9f17488ff9bdbc4040e586acf", "text": "Headache (Grimm) `` Headache '' is the 21st episode of season 4 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 87th episode overall , which premiered on May 8 , 2015 , on the cable network NBC . The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf and was directed by Kouf , making his directional debut in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633d2257025108e2ffeae42729650760", "text": "Saturday Night Live (season 12) The twelfth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 11 , 1986 , and May 23 , 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb1c5ee3437ee5a8f515bab7e34b72b", "text": "Mad TV (season 12) The twelfth season of Mad TV , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on the Fox Network between September 16 , 2006 , and May 19 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de2148c0682c3bcf2df0137115bbdc92", "text": "The Bone Season The Bone Season is a supernatural dystopian novel by British writer Samantha Shannon and is her debut novel . The novel was published on 20 August 2013 by Bloomsbury Publishing and is the first of a seven book series . Film rights to Bone Season have been sold to Andy Serkis 's Imaginarium Studios . The Bone Season was also named the first book in NBC 's Today show 's monthly book club . Of the novel , Shannon stated that she wondered what would happen if `` dystopia dealt with the supernatural '' and if there were a second Salem Witch Trials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cfa68a3fb54beeb16269a8e2e7b9f5d", "text": "Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures . The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized . The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be550792cc6f492a24f6d7f1d2ba498c", "text": "Friday Night Lights (season 3) The third season of the American serial drama television series Friday Night Lights began airing in the United States and Canada on October 1 , 2008 . It was the first season to be aired on DirecTV 's The 101 Network . The 13-episode season concluded on The 101 Network on January 14 , 2009 and then began its run on NBC two nights later , on January 16 , 2009 , and concluded its NBC run on April 10 , 2009 . The show was renewed for two more seasons in March 2009 , with both seasons airing in the same format as season 3 , containing 13 episodes each . The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on May 19 , 2009 . The season continues to focus around the Dillon Panthers and the pressures faced on and off the field . This season also has four main characters leave the show by season 's end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205", "text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5f79d06fb0537da9393ad1a0b138cd", "text": "Mystery and Imagination Mystery and Imagination is a British television anthology series of classic horror and supernatural dramas . Five series were broadcast from 1966 to 1970 by the ITV network and produced by ABC and ( later ) Thames Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d279f78d3b29f0e4b4ef90f0893eb9d", "text": "The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons . The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards . On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season . On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439a58a3f98129599a7e2fcecd747779", "text": "Mythology of Teen Wolf The mythology of the MTV supernatural action drama series Teen Wolf follows a teenager named Scott McCall ( Tyler Posey ) , who is bitten by an Alpha werewolf and must cope with how it affects his life and the lives of those closest to him and Dylan O'Brien as `` Stiles '' Stilinski , Scott 's best friend . Most mythological elements in Teen Wolf relate to supernatural creatures and draws heavily from Greek mythology , Norse mythology , Japanese mythology , Aztec mythology , Native American beliefs and Celtic herbalism . The show has created its own unique mythos centered around shapeshifters and their connections to one-another throughout the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "299bad5811cbdb45eda402522eea5e15", "text": "Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season . The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews . The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b14b0905ce507b6d8e06754487be0c79	Rebecca Ferguson portrayed Elizabeth Woodville.	[ { "docid": "b5b804bb2c0b0d1b53d6e48ccb986b16", "text": "Rebecca Ferguson Rebecca Louisa Ferguson Sundström ( born 19 October 1983 ) , known professionally as Rebecca Ferguson , is a Swedish actress . She is best known for her lead role as Elizabeth Woodville in The White Queen ( 2013 ) , which earned her a Golden Globe nomination , and her starring roles as Ilsa Faust in Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation ( 2015 ) and as Dr. Miranda North in Life ( 2017 ) . Ferguson is set to return in Mission : Impossible 6 ( 2018 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9cc7aaae8c91dd727d3c031e868f9410", "text": "Margaret Judson Margaret Judson ( born 1987 ) is an American actress . A native of Arlington Heights , Illinois , she appeared on The Newsroom , an HBO drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fca9806549b52c2bd6b137a77ca1cc9", "text": "Promised Land (The Vampire Diaries) `` Promised Land '' is the 21st episode of the fifth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series ' 110th episode overall . `` Promised Land '' was originally aired on May 8 , 2014 , on The CW . The episode was written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and directed by Michael Allowitz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecc190d237ad5f9b186319e5d49b365c", "text": "Rebecca Ferguson (disambiguation) Rebecca Ferguson ( born 1983 ) is a Swedish actress . Rebecca Ferguson may also refer to : Rebecca Ferguson ( singer ) ( born 1986 ) , English singer-songwriter Rebecca Ferguson , camogie player in 2011 All-Ireland Colleges Camogie Championship", "title": "" }, { "docid": "482bc64ffab1abbafc2ca2c44b65c52d", "text": "Elizabeth Hartman Mary Elizabeth Hartman ( December 23 , 1943 -- June 10 , 1987 ) was an American actress , best known for her performance in the 1965 film A Patch of Blue , playing a blind girl named Selina D'Arcy , opposite Sidney Poitier , a role for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award . The next year , she appeared in Francis Ford Coppola 's You 're a Big Boy Now as Barbara Darling , for which she was nominated for another Golden Globe Award . On stage , she was best known for her interpretations of Laura Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie and Emily Webb in Our Town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "199f5985dabc9e2ae90cc0561f479e0f", "text": "Katherine Woodville Katherine Woodville may refer to : Katherine Woodville ( actress ) ( 1938 -- 2013 ) , British film and television actress Catherine Woodville , Duchess of Buckingham ( 1458 -- 1497 ) , English medieval noblewoman , sister of Elizabeth Woodville , the queen of Edward IV of England Katherine Neville , Duchess of Norfolk ( 1397 -- 1483 ) , later Woodville , English courtier of royal descent", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d381a4131f5f3236fd9b313617c83ee", "text": "Sarah Manners Sarah Manners ( born 25 August 1975 ) is an English actress , best known for her role as Joanna Helm in the BBC soap opera Doctors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51b86c558ef0b81e01365d877543f6a1", "text": "Williamsburg (film) Williamsburg is a 2006 American independent film written , directed , and edited by Brad Saville , as a black and white feature length narrative comedy/drama that provides a satirical look at the lives of seven failing artists in Williamsburg , Brooklyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd05347b042683540e0561bf403092b7", "text": "Louise Shaffer Louise Shaffer ( born July 5 , 1942 ) is an American actress , script writer , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "639516f7b8adccdc99596559aace2288", "text": "Elizabeth \"Harriot\" Wilson Elizabeth Wilson ( 1762January 3 , 1786 ) was an American whose execution by hanging for the purported murder of her children in southeastern Pennsylvania during the immediate post-Revolutionary War period made her a folklore figure in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century . Although her responsibility for the children 's deaths had not been definitively established , the hanging was carried out and a pardon , granted by the state and entrusted to her brother , William , was not delivered in time to stop the execution . There was tremendous popular interest in her story , which quickly evolved into a tale of moral failing and divine redemption . Following his sister 's death , William became a recluse , popularly known as The Pennsylvania Hermit . In some sources , William and Elizabeth are referred to as Amos Wilson and Harriot Wilson . However , the historical record leaves no doubt that the Hermit and his sister were named William and Elizabeth . The origin of these `` alternate '' names has never been fully explained . Many key elements of the Wilsons ' saga are documented in the records of the Chester County Courts and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . However , the story quickly became a part of local folklore and was embellished by generations of storytellers . It is possible to note which elements of the tale are a part of the historical record and which might be considered suspect . However , `` the Wilson Story '' might best be considered historical fiction , as the popular tale incorporates elements of both , and even scholarly discussions of the events are at odds regarding certain details . The following is a synthesis of numerous , often conflicting sources and is best regarded as historical fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ec0cba23604d50ece56da3d29b3f7b", "text": "The Wet Season The Wet Season is a 2002 Canadian short film directed and written by Martha Ferguson , and produced by Laura Clunie . The Wet Season stars Ellen Page and Maury Chaykin , and follows Jocelyn , a young girl working at her uncle 's crying booths in the countryside , in a world where crying is forbidden in the cities . The film debuted on September 8 , 2002 , at the Montreal World Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01a8f9ed84f9bf9024a8e79a0df7d87", "text": "Jean Smart Jean Elizabeth Smart ( born September 13 , 1951 ) is an American film , television , and stage actress . After beginning her career in regional theater in the Pacific Northwest , she appeared on Broadway as Marlene Dietrich in Piaf in 1981 . Smart was later cast in a lead role as Charlene Frazier Stillfield on the CBS sitcom Designing Women , which she played from 1986 to 1991 . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the 2000 Broadway revival of The Man Who Came to Dinner , and would go on to win two Emmy Awards for her role as Lana Gardener on the NBC sitcom Frasier ( 2000 -- 01 ) , and a third Emmy in 2008 for her role as Regina Newley on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? ( 2007 -- 09 ) . Her film credits include The Brady Bunch Movie ( 1995 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Sweet Home Alabama ( 2002 ) , I Heart Huckabees ( 2004 ) , and The Accountant ( 2016 ) . Between 2006 and 2007 , she portrayed Martha Logan on the series 24 , and later starred as Floyd Gerhardt on Noah Hawley 's critically acclaimed FX series Fargo ( 2015 ) , which earned her a Critics ' Choice Television Award as well as an Emmy Award nomination . Since 2017 , she stars in the FX series Legion , also by Hawley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67564ba718b1c303442a2ebb159257bf", "text": "Stephanie March Stephanie Caroline March ( born ) is an American actress . She is best known for her role as Alexandra Cabot in the long-running NBC series , Law & Order : Special Victims Unit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56e60592e7fffd50ea475748c705450", "text": "Winter (TV series) Winter is an Australian mystery-drama-thriller television series which premiered on the Seven Network on 4 February 2015 , and concluded on 11 March 2015 . The series is a spin off of the 2014 telemovie , The Killing Field . It stars Rebecca Gibney and Peter O'Brien reprising their roles from the telemovie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d90eda0eb76bed226f287003f1ed0062", "text": "Libby Tanner Elizabeth Tanner ( born 25 February 1970 ) is an Australian television actress best known for her role as Bronwyn Craig in the television series All Saints .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a131a1431addfb38f24649faa2a960f", "text": "Lou Beale Louise Ada `` Lou '' Beale ( also Medeemey in some spin-off media ) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders , played by Anna Wing . She made her first on-screen appearance on 19 February 1985 and departed on 26 July 1988 , when the character was killed off . The character is played by Karen Meagher in the 1988 EastEnders special , CivvyStreet , set during the Second World War . She appeared in 232 episodes . Lou Beale was the first EastEnders character to be created by series co-creator Tony Holland , taking the inspiration for some of the series ' earliest characters from his own London family and background . Lou is the archetypal East End matriarch throughout EastEnders ' first three years . An intimidating force within the local community , she is the dowager of Albert Square 's central family , the Beales and Fowlers . Never afraid to speak her mind , and woe betide anyone who manages to get on her wrong side , Lou has the respect of her friends and family , even if they do find her a bit of a nuisance at times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2608087c4daf68ddf10a39b3608990a", "text": "Despite the Falling Snow (film) Despite the Falling Snow is a 2016 British Cold War espionage film directed by Shamim Sarif , adapted from her novel of the same name . Starring Rebecca Ferguson , Charles Dance , Oliver Jackson-Cohen , Antje Traue , Sam Reid , Anthony Head and Thure Lindhardt the film was released in the United Kingdom on April 15 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c08216d9419f7f86168bf147c33a3ba", "text": "Rebecca DiPietro Rebecca DiPietro ( born April 14 , 1979 ) is an American model , former professional wrestling valet and retired professional wrestler who is best known for her time as the backstage interviewer on WWE 's ECW brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633327be54407b1199dd991c0bddec5d", "text": "Rebecca de Pont Davies Rebecca de Pont Davies is a British mezzo-soprano who has performed with English National Opera and Welsh National Opera , and at the Teatro Real in Madrid and the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden , among others . Davies was born and educated in Blackheath , and is the sister of the screenwriter William Davies and the television producer Michael Davies . She has been diagnosed with Graves ' disease . Davies went straight from school to the Guildhall School of Music and Drama where she completed the four year Associate of the Guildhall School of Music ( AGSM ) course and the two year Opera Course for which she was awarded a full scholarship before becoming a Company Artist for English National Opera . Here her roles included Ottavia in The Coronation of Poppea , Ulrica in A Masked Ball , Mistress Quickly in Falstaff , Annina in Der Rosenkavalier , Theatre Dresser/Schoolboy/Groom / Girl 's Mother in Lulu , Mrs Sedley and Auntie in Peter Grimes , Bronka in The Passenger , Marya in War and Peace and Ruth in the Mike Leigh production of The Pirates of Penzance . Davies 's roles in other productions include Marchioness in La fille du régiment for Teatro Real in Madrid , Auntie in Peter Grimes for Deutsche Oper Berlin , Prakriti 's mother in the premiere of Wagner Dream for Dutch National Opera and later for Welsh National Opera ; Second Maid in Elektra for Dutch National Opera ; Witch in Hänsel und Gretel ; Herodias in Salome in Bielefeld ; Mrs Sedley in Peter Grimes for Deutsche Oper am Rhein and the Liceu in Barcelona ; Geneviève in Pelléas et Mélisande in Essen ; Jack 's Mother in Into the Woods ; Beroe in The Bassarids , Old Lady in Sunday in the Park with George , and Beggar Woman in Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street for Théâtre du Châtelet ; Mrs Sedley in Peter Grimes , Maddalena in Rigoletto and Klytämnestra in Elektra for Opera North ; French Mother in Death in Venice for the Glyndebourne Festival Opera ( filmed by the BBC ) ; Katisha in The Mikado in a co-production between Scottish Opera and the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Theatre Royal , Glasgow ; Kabanicha in Káťa Kabanová for Teatro Regio in Turin and Auntie in Peter Grimes for Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon . Davies made her Royal Opera House début as Old Sister 2 in Babette 's Feast in the Linbury Studio Theatre , and for them has also sung Schwertleite in Die Walküre , Second Esquire in Parsifal , Aunt Kaye in the world premiere of Anna Nicole and Hostess of the Inn in Boris Godunov . Davies 's performances in concert include Judith Weir 's The Consolations of Scholarship with the Lontano Ensemble , Manuel de Falla 's El amor brujo and Siete canciones populares españolas with the Symphony Nova Scotia and performances with the BBC Proms , London Sinfonietta , the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra . Her recordings include Falstaff with English National Opera and String , Paper , Wood by Ronald Corp. . Davies is married to the singer and writer Jessica Walker .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8f336d7899b0c4f72491836a80923a73	Intimacy (film) is only a French film.	[ { "docid": "8905991c970750c35513c488a21643c8", "text": "Intimacy (film) Intimacy is a 2001 British film directed by Patrice Chéreau , starring Mark Rylance and Kerry Fox . Intimacy is an international co-production among production companies in France , the U.K. , Germany , and Spain featuring a soundtrack of pop songs from the 1970s and 1980s . It was written by Chéreau with Anne-Louise Trividic , based on stories by Hanif Kureishi ( who also wrote a novel of the same title ) . This mainstream-defined film contains an unsimulated fellatio scene by Fox on Rylance . A French-dubbed version features voice actors Jean-Hugues Anglade and Nathalie Richard . The film has been associated with the New French Extremity .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f22749b77eb4bc0cffcc665dd308ab98", "text": "Le ménage moderne de Madame Butterfly Le Ménage moderne du Madame Butterfly is a bisexual , hardcore pornographic film from France . It is notable for being the earliest known adult film to incorporate bisexual and homosexual intercourse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2395a75d56aa8a80eef65754bfcfb34c", "text": "Jacques Doillon Jacques Doillon ( -LSB- dwajɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 15 March 1944 ) is a French film director . He has a habit of giving lead roles to inexperienced young actresses in his films on family life and women . Some actresses to break through are Fanny Bastien , Sandrine Bonnaire , Judith Godrèche , Marianne Denicourt and Charlotte Gainsbourg and Juliette Binoche . Doillon was born in Paris . He had a relationship with actress Jane Birkin in the 1980s , following her break-up with Serge Gainsbourg . Their daughter , Lou Doillon , was born in 1982 . His 1989 film The 15 Year Old Girl was entered into the 16th Moscow International Film Festival . His 1990 film La vengeance d'une femme was entered into the 40th Berlin International Film Festival . The following year , his film Le Petit Criminel won an Honourable Mention at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival . In 1993 , his film Le Jeune Werther won the Blue Angel Award at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival . In 1998 , his film Trop ( peu ) d'amour was entered into the 48th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5282f989c6ed91d19468462e9e6fe6ad", "text": "Amour (1970 film) Amour ( also known as Ways of Women ) is a 1970 Danish drama film directed by Gabriel Axel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2849f6a208e8c6d6a63c6db64190982e", "text": "Many Kisses Later Many Kisses Later ( Ex ) is a 2009 Italian-French romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Fausto Brizzi and interpreted by an ensemble cast . The film , produced by Italian International Film , in co-production with the French company and Mes Films in collaboration with RAI Cinema . It was released February 6 , 2009 in Italian cinema and has been recognized as `` national cultural interest '' by the Directorate General for Cinema of the Ministry of Heritage and Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7b08e7663a96836cea27a99b14a1cd4", "text": "La Discrète La Discrète ( The Discreet ) is a 1990 French film directed by Christian Vincent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d140bd6d0968d676ed643fcc1c7ba44c", "text": "Augustine (film) Augustine is 2012 French historical drama film about a love affair between French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot and his patient . The film debuted in France at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in the Special Screenings section and later played at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival in the Discovery section . It was released in France in November 2012 and in the U.S. in May 2013 , given a limited release by Music Box Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee09b53272d0919160e72c5b1f781304", "text": "5x2 5x2 ( also Cinq fois deux ; Five Times Two ) is a 2004 French film directed by François Ozon , which uncovers the back story to the gradual disintegration of a middle class marriage by depicting five key moments in the relationship , but in reverse order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0deb899fc8632753abdf1e3215ce9ca5", "text": "Les Amants du Pont-Neuf Les Amants du Pont-Neuf ( -LSB- lez ‿ amɑ̃ dy pɔ̃ nœf -RSB- ) is a 1991 French film directed by Leos Carax , starring Juliette Binoche and Denis Lavant . The title refers to the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris . The North American title of the film is The Lovers on the Bridge , and , in a mistranslation of the original title , the Australian title is Lovers on the Ninth Bridge ( instead of `` Lovers on the New Bridge '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3c4ff5d8039ce549395ba21adce7ae", "text": "In Bed with Victoria In Bed with Victoria ( original title : Victoria ) is a 2016 French comedy-drama film directed by Justine Triet . It was screened in the International Critics ' Week section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . Efira received a Magritte Award for Best Actress at the 7th Magritte Awards for her role in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68d86d342d0e6e2c62b613070055a676", "text": "The Closet (2001 film) The Closet ( Le placard ) is a 2001 French comedy film written and directed by Francis Veber . It is about a man who pretends to be homosexual to keep his job , with absurd and unexpected consequences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a0ef8b1ae2aa28db1877a2d954fd756", "text": "Collision (2013 film) Collision ( a.k.a. Intersections ) is an English-language French romantic thriller film written and directed by American filmmaker David Marconi , produced by Luc Besson and starring Frank Grillo , Jaimie Alexander , Roschdy Zem , Marie-Josée Croze and Charlie Bewley . The film was released in France on January 30 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea482262b6da8a6a3dac6a0ba91e8f4", "text": "La Séparation La Séparation is a 1994 French romantic drama film directed by Christian Vincent and based on the novel La Séparation by Dan Franck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "449160bb76da5e047197d1f08fbe55d5", "text": "Faces of Love Film Festival Faces of Love International Film Festival ( Russian : Международный кинофестиваль `` Лики Любви '' ) is a festival first based in Moscow 2005 , then moved to Sochi , Russia . It is a sister festival of the biggest film festival in Russia Kinotavr . Faces of Love is a special interest film festival highlighting films about love . The president of Faces of Love , as well as of Kinotavr , is Russia 's famous actor and producer Mark Rudinshtejn . Legendary French actress Catherine Deneuve is an honorary president of the festival . First Faces of Love festival was held in Moscow in 1995 . It was an annual film festival welcoming filmmakers from all over the world . The festival is in hiatus at the moment due to financial difficulties . Every year , around 50 films from all over the world are being shown at the festival both in competition , screening and retrospective programs . Festival is recognized by FIAPF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c219fa0d73649b8c0222a1ca7d779475", "text": "Documenteur Documenteur also known as Documenteur : An Emotion Picture is a French-American feature film by French director Agnès Varda . The film debuted at the 1981 Toronto International Film Festival . The film stars Sabine Mamou as a single mother and Varda 's son Mathieu Demy as her son . Though the film stands on its own it was made as a companion piece to the documentary Murs Murs in which Varda filmed mural art around L.A. and interviewed the artists who had made the pieces . Many of the murals filmed in Murs Murs appears in Documenteur and the film even opens with the same image as Murs Murs ended on .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10c64458cf4c8fc627baaaa4c2c2bbd9", "text": "1969 Cannes Film Festival The 22nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 23 May 1969 . At this festival a new non-competitive section called `` Directors ' Fortnight '' is added , in response to the cancellation of the 1968 festival . The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film went to the If ... . by Lindsay Anderson . The festival opened with Sweet Charity , directed by Bob Fosse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa48d2339e3763c13af14652c92cd8a9", "text": "The Circle (2014 film) The Circle ( Der Kreis ) is a Swiss docudrama film , released in 2014 . Written and directed by Stefan Haupt , the film concerns the social network of gay men that developed in Zurich in the 1940s and 1950s , centered on The Circle , a gay publication , and the social events it sponsored . As the police investigate three murders of gay men by rent boys , they scapegoate The Circle and its subscribers for making Zurich an international center of gay tourism . The film focuses on the story of Ernst Ostertag and Röbi Rapp , a schoolteacher and a drag entertainer , who met through their participation in the publication inner circle and began a lifelong romantic relationship . Interviews with them and other survivors and experts on the era are interspersed with documentary film and photographs as well as a scripted dramatic enactment of the story . The lack of legal proscription against homosexuals and Zurich 's growing notoriety provide the context for the growth of a publication that overtly catered to a gay readership while avoiding explicit materials , both in prose and illustrations , in order to meet the standards of Swiss censorship . The couple are portrayed by Matthias Hungerbühler and Sven Schelker , with documentary interviews with the real Ostertag and Rapp . The film 's cast also includes Marianne Sägebrecht , Anatole Taubman , Antoine Monot , Jr. , Stefan Witschi and Markus Merz . The film won the Teddy Award for Best Documentary at the 2014 Berlin Film Festival , as well as the Panorama Audience Award . North American distribution rights were subsequently acquired by Wolfe Video . It was selected as the Swiss entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards , but was not nominated . Director Stefan Haupt said `` it 's an honour to represent Switzerland '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca830f4d08e529fee74b94f6b1eecca5", "text": "Histoire(s) du cinéma Histoire ( s ) du cinéma ( -LSB- is.twaʁ dy si.ne.ma -RSB- ) is an 8-part video project begun by Jean-Luc Godard in the late 1980s and completed in 1998 . The longest , at 266 minutes , and one of the most complex of Godard 's films , Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is an examination of the history of the concept of cinema and how it relates to the 20th century ; in this sense , it can also be considered a critique of the 20th century and how it perceives itself . The project is considered by many the most important work of the late period of Godard 's career . Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is always referred to by its French title , because of the word play it implies : histoire means both `` history '' and `` story , '' and the s in parentheses gives the possibility of a plural . Therefore , the phrase Histoire ( s ) du cinéma simultaneously means The History of Cinema , Histories of Cinema , The Story of Cinema and Stories of Cinema . Similar double or triple meanings , as well as puns , are a recurring motif throughout Histoire ( s ) and much of Godard 's work . The film was screened out of competition at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival . Nine years later , it was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Festival . The soundtrack was released as a 5-CD boxed set on the ECM record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe66a055330215db0b2cbf5e270a9e6b", "text": "Film à clef A film à clef or film à clé ( -LSB- film ‿ a kle -RSB- , French for `` film with a key '' ) , is a film describing real life , behind a façade of fiction . `` Key '' in this context means a table one can use to swap out the names . It is the film equivalent of the literary roman à clef .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdaae1d15948efaec34f8ee3ced8b56d", "text": "Amour Amour ( French for love ) may refer to : Amour ( 1970 film ) , a Danish film Amour ( 2012 film ) , a French-language film directed by Michael Haneke Amour ( musical ) , a 1997 stage musical by Michel Legrand Amour ( Stockhausen ) , a 1974 -- 76 cycle of clarinet pieces by Karlheinz Stockhausen Amour ( Vidhan Sabha constituency ) , an assembly constituency in Purnia district , Bihar , India Amour Patrick Tignyemb ( born 1985 ) , Cameroonian footballer `` Amour '' , a song by Rammstein from Reise , Reise", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e005328abf4fd73b45e39da370f3e2f", "text": "L'amour des femmes L'amour des femmes is a 1982 French drama film directed by Michel Soutter . It was entered into the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6b5f727bdcf9ef90e0bcf53b067f5fc1	Bus Stop (1956 film) isn't a play or movie in which singing and dancing play an essential part.	[ { "docid": "a8ef2a33edf2f8b6760d3543f11373f8", "text": "Bus Stop (1956 film) Bus Stop is a 1956 American romantic comedy film directed by Joshua Logan for 20th Century Fox , starring Marilyn Monroe , Don Murray , Arthur O'Connell , Betty Field , Eileen Heckart , Robert Bray and Hope Lange . Unlike most of Monroe 's movies , Bus Stop is neither a full-fledged comedy nor a musical , but rather a dramatic piece ; it was the first film she appeared in after studying at the Actors Studio in New York . Monroe does however sing one song : `` That Old Black Magic '' by Harold Arlen and Johnny Mercer . Bus Stop was based on two plays by William Inge , People in the Wind and Bus Stop . The inspiration for the play Bus Stop came from people Inge met in Tonganoxie , Kansas . In the 1961 -- 62 season , ABC adapted the play and film into a television series of the same name , Bus Stop starring Marilyn Maxwell as the owner of the bus station and diner . In the segment `` Chérie '' which most closely follows the film , Tuesday Weld performed the role of Marilyn Monroe , and Gary Lockwood appeared as the Don Murray character . The film was shot in Idaho and Arizona .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ff5955b716c5c613c98172bf00da6d6f", "text": "Limelight (1952 film) Limelight is a 1952 comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by Charlie Chaplin . Unlike his earlier films , the score was composed by Chaplin and arranged by Ray Rasch , marking this as the first film that he did not musically arrange . The film stars Chaplin as a washed-up comedian who saves a suicidal dancer from killing herself , played by Claire Bloom , and both try to get through life ; additional roles are provided by Nigel Bruce , Sydney Chaplin as Sydney Earl Chaplin , Wheeler Dryden , and Norman Lloyd with an appearance from Buster Keaton . In dance scenes , Bloom is doubled by Melissa Hayden . Upon the film 's release , critics ' reception was divided ; it was heavily boycotted in the United States , and commercially failed . However , the film was re-released the United States in 1972 which included its first screening in Los Angeles . This allowed the decades-old film to be in contention for the 45th Academy Awards where Chaplin won his only competitive Academy Award . Today , the film is sometimes regarded as one of Chaplin 's best and most personal works , and has since attained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bda3dc3b26b8ad1f2688316c0cdec07d", "text": "Folk dance Folk dances are dances that are developed by people that reflect the life of the people of a certain country or region . Not all ethnic dances are folk dances ; for example , ritual dances or dances of ritual origin are not considered to be folk dances . Ritual dances are usually called `` Religious dances '' because of their purpose . The terms `` ethnic '' and `` traditional '' are used when it is required to emphasize the cultural roots of the dance . In this sense , nearly all folk dances are ethnic ones . If some dances , such as polka , cross ethnic boundaries and even cross the boundary between `` folk '' and `` ballroom dance '' , ethnic differences are often considerable enough to mention , e.g. , Czech polka vs. German polka", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95", "text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2178a9472189e3ccae97d62607be9b42", "text": "Anything Goes Anything Goes is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter . The original book was a collaborative effort by Guy Bolton and P.G. Wodehouse , heavily revised by the team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The story concerns madcap antics aboard an ocean liner bound from New York to London . Billy Crocker is a stowaway in love with heiress Hope Harcourt , who is engaged to Lord Evelyn Oakleigh . Nightclub singer Reno Sweeney and Public Enemy # 13 Moonface Martin aid Billy in his quest to win Hope . The musical introduced such songs as `` Anything Goes '' , `` You 're the Top '' , and `` I Get a Kick Out of You . '' Since its 1934 debut at the Alvin Theatre ( now known as the Neil Simon Theatre ) on Broadway , the musical has been revived several times in the United States and Britain and has been filmed twice . The musical has long been a popular choice for school and community productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4048f23b6c1a3386d9911f35df42b73c", "text": "Inside Straight (film) Inside Straight is a 1951 dramatic film . Though set in the Western United States in the late 19th century , it does not have the typical characteristics of a `` Western '' movie . It is about business people , involved in activities both honest and shady .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24ee43d1dff9b78d1d00eb69578d9317", "text": "Dancing in the Street (disambiguation) `` Dancing in the Street '' is a 1964 song by Martha and the Vandellas , later recorded by other artists Dancing in the Street may also refer to : Dancing in the Street ( album ) , a 1967 album by the Ramsey Lewis Trio Dancing in the Street : the Songs of Motown II , a 2006 album by Human Nature Dancing in the Streets : A History of Collective Joy , a 2006 book by Barbara Ehrenreich Dancing in the Street ( miniseries ) , a 1996 TV documentary miniseries", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0730e2463c9e3749d658335e9426ea8", "text": "Theatre criticism Theatre criticism is a genre of art criticism , and the act of writing or speaking about the performing arts such as a play or opera . Some major newspapers cover the arts in some form and theatre criticism may be included as a part of this arts coverage . In the 21st century theatre criticism has grown in online venues , such as e-magazines and blogs , while criticism in newspapers has shrunk . Recent research shows that despite the different medium , online critics may be as trusted as theatre critics who write for newspapers . Specialist media exists to cover most artistic disciplines , in this field one such publication is The Stage ( see our theatre magazines category for more ) . As with other forms of criticism it may use its own technical language to convey what the reviewer has seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d06ac091cee4703432c47cabf02a45b7", "text": "Dancing in the Dark (novel) Dancing in the Dark is a 2005 novel by Kittitian-British writer Caryl Phillips that won the PEN Open Book Award ( formerly known as the Beyond Margins Award ) in 2006 . The novel reimagines the life of Bert Williams ( 1874 -- 1922 ) , the first black entertainer in the U.S. to achieve the highest levels of fame and fortune , while darkening his skin with burnt cork and `` playing the dim-witted ` coon ' on Broadway and elsewhere '' , a story that allows the author to deal with issues of race and identity that he also addressed in his novel A Distant Shore , as reviewer Tabish Khair notes : `` Dancing in the Dark explores the particular tensions of assuming a false identity which , in a racist society , would be considered the ` true ' identity of the player . This catches the performer in the double bind of using the actor 's art to confirm prejudices , which then blind their audiences to that art . '' The story also deals with `` the perils of self-invention , that have long plagued American culture '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d82fb7bfcf0c6a15f391a71a3540288", "text": "Musical gesture In music , gesture is any movement , either physical ( bodily ) or mental ( imaginary ) . As such `` gesture '' includes both categories of movements required to produce sound and categories of perceptual moves associated with those gestures . The concept of musical gestures has received much attention in various musicological disciplines ( e.g. music analysis , music therapy , music psychology , NIME ) in recent years . For example , the `` musical '' movement from a close-position tonic C major chord to a close-position dominant G major chord requires on the piano the physical movement from each white key of the first chord to the right ( in space , upwards in pitch ) four white keys or steps . Thus gesture includes both characteristic physical movements by performers and characteristic melodies , phrases , chord progressions , and arpeggiations produced by ( or producing ) those movements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8744239062a9f96d182dc1e9d1ff5137", "text": "Entertainment Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience , or gives pleasure and delight . It can be an idea or a task , but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience 's attention . Although people 's attention is held by different things , because individuals have different preferences in entertainment , most forms are recognisable and familiar . Storytelling , music , drama , dance , and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures , were supported in royal courts , developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens . The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products . Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale , ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products ; to a banquet adapted for two ; to any size or type of party , with appropriate music and dance ; to performances intended for thousands ; and even for a global audience . The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with amusement , so that one common understanding of the idea is fun and laughter , although many entertainments have a serious purpose . This may be the case in the various forms of ceremony , celebration , religious festival , or satire for example . Hence , there is the possibility that what appears as entertainment may also be a means of achieving insight or intellectual growth . An important aspect of entertainment is the audience , which turns a private recreation or leisure activity into entertainment . The audience may have a passive role , as in the case of persons watching a play , opera , television show , or film ; or the audience role may be active , as in the case of games , where the participant/audience roles may be routinely reversed . Entertainment can be public or private , involving formal , scripted performance , as in the case of theatre or concerts ; or unscripted and spontaneous , as in the case of children 's games . Most forms of entertainment have persisted over many centuries , evolving due to changes in culture , technology , and fashion . Films and video games , for example , although they use newer media , continue to tell stories , present drama , and play music . Festivals devoted to music , film , or dance allow audiences to be entertained over a number of consecutive days . Some activities that were once considered entertaining , particularly public punishments , have been removed from the public arena . Others , such as fencing or archery , once necessary skills for some , have become serious sports and even professions for the participants , at the same time developing into entertainment with wider appeal for bigger audiences . In the same way , other necessary skills , such as cooking , have developed into performances among professionals , staged as global competitions and then broadcast for entertainment . What entertainment is for one group or individual may be regarded as work by another . The familiar forms of entertainment have the capacity to cross over different media and have demonstrated a seemingly unlimited potential for creative remix . This has ensured the continuity and longevity of many themes , images , and structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5be7db616388c5c5f6b3636fe78abdaf", "text": "Song and Dance Song and Dance is a musical comprising two acts , one told entirely in `` Song '' and one entirely in `` Dance '' , tied together by a unifying love story . The `` Song '' act is Tell Me on a Sunday , with lyrics by Don Black and music by Andrew Lloyd Webber , about a young British woman 's romantic misadventures in New York City and Hollywood . The `` Dance '' act is a ballet choreographed to Variations , composed by Lloyd Webber for his cellist brother Julian , which is based on the A Minor Caprice No. 24 by Paganini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550222d683405ae5aca417980e62a6cb", "text": "The Country Girl (1954 film) The Country Girl is a 1954 American drama film directed by George Seaton and starring Bing Crosby , Grace Kelly , and William Holden . Adapted by George Seaton from Clifford Odets ' 1950 play of the same name , the film is about an alcoholic has-been actor struggling with the one last chance he 's been given to resurrect his career . Seaton won the Academy Award for Best Writing , Adapted Screenplay . It was entered in the 1955 Cannes Film Festival . Kelly won the Oscar for Best Actress for the role , which previously had earned Uta Hagen her first Tony Award in the play 's original Broadway production . The role , a non-glamorous departure for Kelly , was as the alcoholic actor 's long-suffering wife . The win was a huge surprise , as most critics and people in the press felt that Judy Garland would win for A Star Is Born . NBC even sent a camera crew to Garland 's hospital room , where she was recuperating from the birth of her son , in order to conduct a live interview with her if she won . The win by Kelly instead famously prompted Groucho Marx to send Garland a telegram stating it was `` the biggest robbery since Brinks . '' Given the period of its production , the film is notable for its realistic , frank dialogue and honest treatments of the surreptitious side of alcoholism and post-divorce misogyny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f99bdfd941901ed36567ccaeb067317", "text": "Part-talkie A part-talkie is a partly , and most often primarily , silent film which includes one or more synchronous sound sequences with audible dialog or singing . During the silent portions lines of dialog are presented as `` titles '' -- printed text briefly filling the screen -- and the soundtrack is used only to supply musical accompaniment and sound effects . In the case of feature films made in the United States , nearly all such hybrid films date to the 1927-1929 period of transition from `` silents '' to full-fledged `` talkies '' with audible dialog throughout . It took about a year and a half for a transition period for American movie houses to move from almost all silent to almost all equipped for sound . In the interim period , studios reacted by improvising four solutions : fast remakes of recent productions , `` goat gland '' pictures with one or two sound sequences spliced into already finished productions , dual sound and silent versions produced simultaneously , and part-talkies . The famous so-called `` first talking picture '' , The Jazz Singer ( 1927 ) , starring Al Jolson , is in fact a part-talkie . It features only about fifteen minutes of singing and talking , interspersed throughout the film , while the rest is a typical silent film with `` titles '' and only a recorded orchestral accompaniment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5923cf8b34456dff1ef02275928cd5ee", "text": "Parade A parade ( also called march or marchpast ) is a procession of people , usually organized along a street , often in costume , and often accompanied by marching bands , floats or sometimes large balloons . Parades are held for a wide range of reasons , but are usually celebrations of some kind . In Britain the term parade is usually reserved for either military parades or other occasions where participants march in formation ; for celebratory occasions the word procession is more usual . In the Canadian Forces the term also has several less formal connotations . Protest demonstrations can also take the form of a parade , but such cases are usually referred to as a march instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "076363efc1a01f309d4c974473a6a11b", "text": "Kansas City (Oklahoma!) `` Kansas City '' is a song from the musical Oklahoma ! . The plot set-up for it is the return of cowboy Will Parker ( played in the film by Gene Nelson ) from an excursion to the city of the same name . He describes his experiences in song . The song describes the wonders of there and its entertainments ( from the viewpoint of a country bumpkin ) , all reprising with the concept that the conditions ( in 1906 ) represent the ultimate in progress , with little more expected . For the 1955 motion picture , a few lyrics about a burlesque stripteaser had to undergo minor changes to pass film censorship . In the original Broadway musical , Will sings : I could swear that she was padded from her shoulder to her heel . But later in the second act , when she began to peel , She proved that everything she had was absolutely real ! For the film , these were changed to : I could swear that she was padded from her shoulder to her heel . But then she started dancing and her dancing made me feel That every single thing she had was absolutely real !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
948cd7568f6692deb9f18973d68dea1a	Tony Blair was voted in subsequent to John Smith's death from a heart attack.	[ { "docid": "aa6bc880dce1e2c872f0f94da46bb5c7", "text": "John Smith (Labour Party leader) John Smith ( 13 September 1938 -- 12 May 1994 ) was a British Labour Party politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party from July 1992 until his death from a heart attack in May 1994 . Smith first entered Parliament in 1970 and , after junior ministerial roles as Minister of State for Energy ( 1975 -- 1976 ) and Minister of State for the Privy Council Office ( 1976 -- 1977 ) , he entered the Cabinet at the end of James Callaghan 's tenure as Prime Minister , serving as Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade ( 1978 -- 1979 ) . During Labour 's time in Opposition to Margaret Thatcher 's Conservative government , he rose through the Shadow Cabinet , serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Trade ( 1979 -- 1982 ) , Shadow Secretary of State for Energy ( 1982 -- 1983 ) , Shadow Secretary of State for Employment ( 1983 -- 1984 ) , Shadow Secretary of State for Trade and Industry ( 1984 -- 1987 ) and Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer ( 1987 -- 1992 ) . After Labour leader Neil Kinnock resigned following the Party 's surprise loss in the 1992 general election to new Conservative leader John Major , Smith was elected his successor in July 1992 . He continued Kinnock 's moves to reform Labour , abolishing the trade union block vote at Labour party conferences and replacing it with `` one member , one vote '' at the 1993 party conference . However , his overall cautious approach to reform , which was dubbed `` one more heave '' , sought to avoid controversy and win the next election by capitalising on the unpopularity of the Conservative government . This frustrated many modernisers like Tony Blair and Gordon Brown and after Smith 's sudden death in May 1994 , he was succeeded as Leader by Blair , who undertook the subsequent re-branding of Labour as New Labour , winning the 1997 general election in a landslide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "892b0fac31a58ad288d12c26c52ec0a4", "text": "Tony Blair Anthony Charles Lynton Blair ( born 6 May 1953 ) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007 . He remains the most recent Labour Party leader to have won a general election . From 1983 to 2007 , Blair was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sedgefield . He was elected Labour Party leader in July 1994 , following the sudden death of his predecessor , John Smith , who together with his predecessor , Neil Kinnock , had started to move the party closer to the political centre , in the hope of winning power . Under Blair 's leadership , the party used the phrase `` New Labour '' , to distance it from previous Labour policies and the traditional conception of socialism . Blair declared support for a new conception that he referred to as `` social-ism '' , involving politics that recognised individuals as socially interdependent , and advocated social justice , cohesion , the equal worth of each citizen , and equal opportunity , also referred to as the Third Way . Critics of Blair denounced him for having the Labour Party abandon genuine socialism and accepting capitalism . Supporters , including the party 's public opinion pollster Philip Gould , stated that after four consecutive general election defeats , from 1979 to 1992 , the Labour Party had to demonstrate that it had made a decisive break from its left-wing past , in order to win an election again . In May 1997 , the Labour Party won a landslide general election victory , the largest in its history , allowing Blair , at 43 years old , to become the youngest Prime Minister since 1812 . In September 1997 , Blair attained early personal popularity , receiving a 93 % public approval rating , after his public response to the death of Princess Diana . The Labour Party went on to win two more elections under his leadership : in 2001 , in which it won another landslide victory , and in 2005 , with a reduced majority . In the first years of the New Labour government , Blair 's government introduced the National Minimum Wage Act , Human Rights Act , and Freedom of Information Act . Blair 's government also devolved power , establishing the Scottish Parliament , the National Assembly for Wales , and the Northern Ireland Assembly . In Northern Ireland , Blair was involved in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement . Blair strongly supported the foreign policy of the Bush administration , and ensured that the British Armed Forces participated in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and , more controversially , the 2003 invasion of Iraq . Blair has faced strong criticism for his role in the invasion of Iraq , including calls for having him tried for war crimes and waging a war of aggression . In 2016 , the Iraq Inquiry strongly criticised his actions and described the invasion of Iraq as unjustified and unnecessary . Blair also intervened militarily in Kosovo and Sierra Leone . Blair was succeeded as the leader of the Labour Party and as Prime Minister by Gordon Brown in June 2007 . On the day that Blair resigned as Prime Minister , he was appointed the official Special Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East , an office which he held until May 2015 . He now runs a consultancy business and has set up various foundations in his own name , including the Tony Blair Faith Foundation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "513a1030bd1021f4fb1bcac4a4237b5f", "text": "Black Budget (New Zealand) In New Zealand , the term Black Budget refers to the government budget of 26 June 1958 in which Finance Minister Arnold Nordmeyer increased taxes on beer , tobacco , cars and petrol . The second Labour government took office in 1957 , the 32nd Parliament . Within a year , the government was confronted with a balance of payments crisis caused by the collapse of the price of butter in Britain ( at the time New Zealand 's largest export market ) . Nordmeyer 's colleagues were reluctant to cut government spending or break expensive election promises , so Nordmeyer was left with little option but to raise taxes . The budget increased social security benefits but was very unpopular , not least with Labour 's traditional working-class supporters . The term ` black budget ' is believed to have been coined by union leader Fintan Patrick Walsh , but was taken up by the National Party opposition , and became the commonly used term for the budget . The budget was prepared by the cabinet finance committee of Walter Nash , Arnold Nordmeyer , Phil Holloway and Tom Skinner ; and Warren Freer was told by Holloway that it was Nash rather than Nordmeyer who fought for the `` draconian measures '' finally adopted . While export prices had `` had a real bashing '' with butter at half its normal level and wool and meat also down , Holloway and Skinner felt that prices of both wool and meat were likely to rise and drastic measures were not fully justified . In caucus the measures were criticised by Michael Moohan , Frank Kitts and Bill Fox and , despite his cabinet position , Moohan continued to agitate against the beer price rise in private . Philip Connolly said of Nash , who had said that there was no alternative , that he was `` telling a bloody big lie '' as Nash was rubbing the gold cross on his watch chain when he said it . Freer saw some saving grace in the tightening of import controls and emphasis on local manufacture . The government 's popularity never recovered from the budget , which is generally believed to have cost it the 1960 election . Nordmeyer was forever tainted by the ` black budget ' , which gave him a reputation as a puritanical ` wowser ' who was opposed to simple working class pleasures such as beer and cigarettes . Despite this , he became the leader of the Labour Party in 1963 , but was replaced by Norman Kirk less than three years later . In 2010 , DB Breweries ran an advertising campaign attributing the creation of one of its brands , DB Export Gold to the increased taxes on beer introduced by the ` black budget ' . However , the brewery was forced to pull the campaign from television and internet in February 2011 ( though Newspaper ads were unaffected ) after the New Zealand Advertising Standards Authority partially upheld a complaint laid by Progressive Party leader Jim Anderton that the campaign was `` unethical , inaccurate and distorted history '' as little beer was then imported to New Zealand and the budget raised the excise only to the same as local beers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d00875262e797a742c50f26cd9eb85cc", "text": "A Journey A Journey is a memoir by Tony Blair of his tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . Published in the UK on 1 September 2010 , it covers events from when he became leader of the Labour Party in 1994 and transformed it into `` New Labour '' , holding power for a party record three successive terms , to his resignation and replacement as Prime Minister by his Chancellor of the Exchequer , Gordon Brown . Blair donated his # 4.6 million advance , and all subsequent royalties , to the British Armed Forces charity The Royal British Legion . It became the fastest-selling autobiography of all time at the bookstore chain Waterstones . Promotional events were marked by antiwar protests . Two of the book 's major topics are the strains in Blair 's relationship with Brown after Blair allegedly reneged on the pair 's 1994 agreement to step down as Prime Minister much earlier , and his controversial decision to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq . Blair discusses Labour 's future after the 2010 general election , his relations with the Royal Family , and how he came to respect President George W. Bush . Reviews were mixed ; some criticised Blair 's writing style , but others called it candid . Gordon Brown was reportedly unhappy over Blair 's comments about him , while David Runciman of The London Review of Books suggested there were episodes from Blair 's troubled relationship with his Chancellor that were absent from A Journey . Labour politician Alistair Darling said the book demonstrates how the country can be changed for the better when a government has a clear purpose , while the New Zealand Listener suggested Blair and his contemporaries had helped to write New Labour 's epitaph . Some families of servicemen and women who were killed in Iraq reacted angrily , with one antiwar commentator dismissing Blair 's regrets over the loss of life . Shortly after the release of A Journey , the screenwriter of the 2006 film The Queen , which depicts Blair 's first months in office , accused Blair of plagiarising a conversation with Elizabeth II from him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598952ae4683c4bfa7e8247cbe3187e1", "text": "Robert McCartney (Northern Irish politician) Robert Law McCartney , QC ( born 24 April 1936 ) is a Northern Irish barrister and a former leader of the UK Unionist Party . He was initially a member of the Ulster Unionist Party but was expelled in June 1987 when he refused to withdraw from the general election of that year . He stood against the incumbent Popular Unionist Party MP Sir James Kilfedder in North Down as a `` Real Unionist '' but failed to win the seat . In the 1995 by-election in North Down after the death of Kilfedder he was elected as a `` UK Unionist '' defeating the Ulster Unionist Party candidate . He subsequently established the United Kingdom Unionist Party to contest elections to the Northern Ireland Forum and the related talks which started in 1996 . The other party representatives to the Forum were Dr Conor Cruise O'Brien and Cedric Wilson , a former low-level DUP member in the 1980s . McCartney retained his Westminster seat in the 1997 election . He opposed the subsequent Belfast Agreement in the May 1998 referendum and his party won five seats in the Assembly elections later that year ( McCartney himself in North Down , Cedric Wilson in Strangford , Patrick Roche in Lagan Valley , Norman Boyd in South Antrim and Roger Hutchinson in East Antrim ) . However , Wilson , Roche , Boyd and Hutchinson parted company with McCartney in December 1998 because of their leader 's so-called ` exit strategy ' from the Northern Ireland Assembly in the event of Sinn Féin being allowed seats in the new Northern Ireland Government . McCartney denounced them , saying all four ` were famous in their own living rooms ' and that their supporters ` could fit into a telephone box . ' In 2008 both Wilson and Boyd attended meetings of Jim Allister 's Traditional Unionist Voice . In 1999 , Robert McCartney ran for the party in elections to the European Parliament , winning 2.9 % of the first preference vote . He lost his Westminster seat in the 2001 election to the UUP candidate Lady Hermon . He was committed to a policy of integration for Northern Ireland , whereby legislative devolution for Northern Ireland would no longer be Westminster 's abiding policy , there would be no Stormont legislative assembly and the province would be a fully participating part of the United Kingdom ; at the same time the three main British political parties would fully organise in Northern Ireland . He was the president of the Campaign for Equal Citizenship in 1986 , and led it in its four years of prominence after the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement . McCartney resigned as head of the Campaign for Equal Citizenship in 1988 over a dispute with its executive . These integrationist policies , once popular in some sections of Unionism , receded with the introduction of devolution to Scotland and Wales , and the creation of a functioning Northern Ireland Assembly . However it is the case that other parts of the United Kingdom with devolved assemblies are fully covered by the three main British political parties , but not in Northern Ireland . McCartney also strongly opposed the St Andrews Agreement and in 2007 stood on an anti-agreement ticket in six different constituencies . He lost his own seat in North Down , polling 1,806 first preference votes ( 5.9 % of the total , and less than half the quota required to be elected ) . He also obtained 360 votes ( 1.2 % ) in Belfast North , 388 votes ( 0.8 % ) in Fermanagh and South Tyrone , 853 votes ( 2.0 % ) in Lagan Valley , 893 votes ( 2.3 % ) in South Antrim and 220 votes ( 0.5 % ) in West Tyrone He claims to have retired from politics following the loss of his seat in the 2007 Assembly Election to Brian Wilson of the Green Party . However , he still occasionally makes media appearances and writes newspaper articles and in October 2009 , Robert McCartney was guest speaker at the Traditional Unionist Voice party conference in Belfast , where he spoke on the situation surrounding the primary school transfer test , brought about by a Sinn Féin Education Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f0bab00ecb4def25f6082858ab1c90e", "text": "Tom Smith (British politician) Tom Smith ( 24 April 1886 -- 27 February 1953 ) was a Labour Party politician in England . At the 1922 general election , he was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for the previously Liberal-held seat of Pontefract in West Yorkshire . He was re-elected at the 1923 election , but at the 1924 general election he lost his seat by 701 votes to the Conservative candidate Christopher Brooke . He was re-elected at the 1929 general election , but was defeated again at the 1931 general election . He returned to the House of Commons at an uncontested by-election in August 1933 , in the neighbouring Normanton constituency , following the death of the Labour MP Frederick Hall . He held the seat until he resigned his seat in 1947 to take up the post of Labour Director of the North-Eastern Divisional Coal Board . At the resulting 1947 Normanton by-election , the seat was held for Labour by George Sylvester .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "949adc56e96683ef591cbc1deef2b97a", "text": "Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence The Unilateral Declaration of Independence ( UDI ) was a statement adopted by the Cabinet of Rhodesia on 11 November 1965 , announcing that Rhodesia , a British territory in southern Africa that had governed itself since 1923 , now regarded itself as an independent sovereign state . The culmination of a protracted dispute between the British and Rhodesian governments regarding the terms under which the latter could become fully independent , it was the first unilateral break from the United Kingdom by one of its colonies since the United States Declaration of Independence nearly two centuries before . Britain , the Commonwealth and the United Nations all deemed Rhodesia 's UDI illegal , and economic sanctions , the first in the UN 's history , were imposed on the breakaway colony . Amid near-complete international isolation , Rhodesia continued as an unrecognised state with the assistance of South Africa and Portugal . The Rhodesian government , which mostly comprised members of the country 's white minority of about 5 % , was indignant when , amid decolonisation and the Wind of Change , less developed African colonies to the north without comparable experience of self-rule quickly advanced to independence during the early 1960s while Rhodesia was refused sovereignty under the newly ascendant principle of `` no independence before majority rule '' ( `` NIBMAR '' ) . Most white Rhodesians felt that they were due independence following four decades ' self-government , and that Britain was betraying them by withholding it . This combined with the colonial government 's acute reluctance to hand over power to black nationalists -- the manifestation of racial tensions , Cold War anti-communism and the fear that a dystopian Congo-style situation might result -- to create the impression that if Britain did not grant independence , Rhodesia might be justified in taking it unilaterally . Stalemate developed between the British and Rhodesian Prime Ministers , Harold Wilson and Ian Smith respectively , between 1964 and 1965 . Dispute largely surrounded the British condition that the terms for independence had to be acceptable `` to the people of the country as a whole '' ; Smith contended that this was met , while Britain and black nationalist leaders in Rhodesia held that it was not . After Wilson proposed in late October 1965 that Britain might safeguard future black representation in the Rhodesian parliament by withdrawing some of the colonial government 's devolved powers , then presented terms for an investigatory Royal Commission that the Rhodesians found unacceptable , Smith and his Cabinet declared independence . Calling this treasonous , the British colonial Governor Sir Humphrey Gibbs formally dismissed Smith and his government , but they ignored him and appointed an `` Officer Administering the Government '' to take his place . While no country recognised UDI , the Rhodesian High Court deemed the post-UDI government legal and de jure in 1968 . The Smith administration initially professed continued loyalty to Queen Elizabeth II , but abandoned this in 1970 when it declared a republic in an unsuccessful attempt to win foreign recognition . The Rhodesian Bush War , a guerrilla conflict between the government and two rival communist-backed black nationalist groups , began in earnest two years later , and after several attempts to end the war Smith agreed the Internal Settlement with non-militant nationalists in 1978 . Under these terms the country was reconstituted under black rule as Zimbabwe Rhodesia in June 1979 , but this new order was rejected by the guerrillas and the international community . The Bush War continued until Zimbabwe Rhodesia revoked UDI as part of the Lancaster House Agreement in December 1979 . Following a brief period of direct British rule , the country was granted internationally recognised independence under the name Zimbabwe in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f5e35b668c781b8c0f9dc27f57c6361", "text": "Tony Abbott Anthony John `` Tony '' Abbott ( born 4 November 1957 ) is an Australian politician who was the 28th Prime Minister of Australia , from 18 September 2013 to 15 September 2015 . Abbott was leader of the Liberal Party of Australia from 2009 to 2015 , and has been a member of parliament for Warringah since 1994 . Abbott was born in London , to an Australian mother and a British father , and emigrated to Sydney , Australia , with his parents in 1960 . Prior to entering Parliament , Abbott took the degrees of Bachelor of Economics and Bachelor of Laws at the University of Sydney , then attended The Queen 's College , Oxford , as a Rhodes Scholar , graduating as a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy , Politics and Economics . He later proceeded by seniority to Master of Arts . After graduating from Oxford , Abbott trained as a Roman Catholic seminarian , and later worked as a journalist , a manager , and a political adviser . In 1992 , he was appointed Director of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy , a position he held until his election to Parliament in 1994 . Abbott was first appointed to Cabinet following the 1998 election , as part of the Second Howard Ministry , becoming Minister for Employment , Workplace Relations and Small Business . In 2003 , Abbott became Minister for Health and Ageing , retaining this position until the defeat of the Howard Government at the 2007 election . Initially serving in the Shadow Cabinets of Brendan Nelson and then Malcolm Turnbull , Abbott resigned from the front bench in November 2009 , in protest against Turnbull 's support for the Rudd Government 's proposed Emissions Trading Scheme ( ETS ) . Forcing a leadership ballot on the subject , Abbott defeated Turnbull by 42 votes to 41 , to become the Party 's leader and Leader of the Opposition . Abbott led the Coalition at the 2010 election , which resulted in a hung parliament . Following negotiations , Labor formed a Government , with the support of one Greens MP and three Independent MPs . Abbott was re-elected as Liberal Leader unopposed . Abbott went on to lead the Coalition to victory in the 2013 election and was sworn in as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia on 18 September 2013 . On 14 September 2015 , Abbott was defeated in a vote for the Liberal leadership ( 54 votes to 44 ) by Malcolm Turnbull , who replaced Abbott as Prime Minister the following day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f62d242811b561e70c8602507289784f", "text": "Shadow Cabinet of Michael Foot Michael Foot was Leader of the Opposition from 4 November 1980 , following his victory in the 1980 leadership election , to 2 October 1983 , when he was replaced by Neil Kinnock at the 1983 leadership election . The 1980 election was triggered by James Callaghan 's loss at the 1979 general election , and Foot 's own disastrous defeat in the 1983 general election . Until 2011 , the Labour MPs elected the bulk of the membership of the Shadow Cabinet . The leader was expected to assign portfolios to those elected , but was able to assign portfolios to MPs not elected to the Shadow Cabinet and to refuse to assign portfolios to elected members . For example , William Rodgers was not given a portfolio despite winning in the 1980 Shadow Cabinet elections . When he left the party months later to help create the Social Democratic Party , Tony Benn automatically joined the Shadow Cabinet . Foot also chose not to give the more radical Benn a portfolio . When Benn lost in the 1981 Shadow Cabinet elections , all the new members received portfolios ( Shadow Minister for Europe became a Shadow Cabinet post for the rest of Foot 's tenure as leader ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "203cb37f97f7394bdf0bef1ec2f7a225", "text": "Reform of the House of Lords Certain governments in the United Kingdom have , for more than a century , attempted to find a way to reform the House of Lords , the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . This process was started by the Parliament Act 1911 introduced by the then Liberal Government which stated : ... whereas it is intended to substitute for the House of Lords as it at present exists a Second Chamber constituted on a popular instead of hereditary basis , but such substitution can not be immediately brought into operation When the Labour Party came to power in the 1997 general election , it had in its manifesto the promise to reform the House of Lords : The House of Lords must be reformed . As an initial , self-contained reform , not dependent on further reform in the future , the right of hereditary Peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords will be ended by statute . . '' . The Blair government subsequently passed the House of Lords Act 1999 . On 7 November 2001 the government undertook a public consultation . This helped to create a public debate on the issue of Lords reform , with 1,101 consultation responses and numerous debates in Parliament and the media . However , no consensus on the future of the upper chamber emerged . All three of the main parties promised to take action on Lords reform in the 2010 general election , and following it the Coalition Agreement included a promise to `` establish a committee to bring forward proposals for a wholly or mainly elected upper chamber on the basis of proportional representation '' . Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg introduced the House of Lords Reform Bill 2012 on 27 June 2012 which built on proposals published on 17 May 2011 . However , this Bill was abandoned by the Government on 6 August 2012 following opposition from within the Conservative Party . A successful attempt to pursue minor reform of the House was made on 14 May 2014 when the House of Lords Reform Act 2014 gained Royal Assent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e44c3148a8c648f86a1226ab91b68c9f", "text": "New Labour New Labour refers to a period in the history of the British Labour Party from the mid-1990s until 2010 , under the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown . The name dates from a conference slogan first used by the party in 1994 ; which was later seen in a draft manifesto published in 1996 , called New Labour , New Life for Britain . It was presented as the brand of a newly reformed party that had altered Clause IV and endorsed market economics . The branding was extensively used while the party was in government , between 1997 and 2010 . The `` New Labour '' brand was developed to regain trust from the electorate and to portray a departure from their traditional democratic socialist policies , which was criticised for its breaking of election promises and its links between trade unions and the state . The `` New Labour '' brand was used to communicate the party 's modernisation to the public . It was coordinated by Alastair Campbell , who centralised the party 's communications and used his experience in journalism to achieve positive media relations . In 2002 , following criticism from Philip Gould , Blair announced the need to reinvent the brand based on a unified domestic policy and greater assertion in foreign affairs . Following the leadership of Neil Kinnock and John Smith , the party under the New Labour brand attempted to widen its electoral appeal , and by the 1997 general election it had made significant gains in the upper and middle-classes . Labour maintained this wider support at the 2001 general election , and won a third consecutive victory in 2005 , for the first time ever in the history of the Labour Party . In 2007 , Blair resigned from the party leadership after thirteen years , and was succeeded by his Chancellor of the Exchequer , Gordon Brown . Labour lost the 2010 general election , which resulted in the first hung parliament in thirty-six years and led to the creation of a Conservative -- Liberal Democrat coalition government ; Brown resigned as Prime Minister , and as Labour Party leader shortly thereafter . He was succeeded as party leader by Ed Miliband , who abandoned the New Labour branding and moved the Labour Party 's political stance slightly further to the left . New Labour was influenced by the political thinking of Anthony Crosland , the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , and Peter Mandelson and Alastair Campbell 's media campaigning . The political philosophy of New Labour was influenced by the party 's development of Anthony Giddens ' `` Third Way '' , which attempted to provide a synthesis between capitalism and socialism . The party emphasised the importance of social justice , rather than equality , emphasising the need for equality of opportunity , and believed in the use of free markets to deliver economic efficiency and social justice . In 2002 , Giddens named spin as New Labour 's biggest failure , but commended the party 's success in certain policy areas and at marginalising the Conservative Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1332b38447be175d95721e974e90671f", "text": "John Purvis John Robert Purvis , CBE ( born 6 July 1938 , St Andrews , Fife ) is a former Conservative MEP for Mid Scotland and Fife ( 1979-1984 ) and , from 1999 to 2009 , was one of Scotland 's seven MEPs . Purvis is married with three children and ten grandchildren . He has farming and property interests in North East Fife and has extensive knowledge of the international financial services industry , having worked in the sector for several decades and having later contributed his expertise on relevant committees in the European Parliament . Purvis served as a second lieutenant in the Scots Guards ( 1956-1958 ) and graduated MA ( Hons ) from the University of St Andrews ( 1962 ) . He worked for First National City Bank in London , New York and Milan ( 1962-1969 ) and was Treasurer of merchant bank Noble Grossart Ltd in Edinburgh ( 1969-1973 ) . He was Managing Director and Chairman of Gilmerton Management Services Ltd St Andrews ( 1973-1986 ) and Chairman of the Economic Affairs Committee of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party ( 1986-1997 ) . He received the CBE in 1990 . During his second term as an MEP , Purvis was Vice Chairman of the European Parliament 's Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee ( 2002-2009 ) and a member of the Committee on Industry , Research and Energy ( 1999-2009 ) . He also served on EU delegations to the Gulf States and to Middle Eastern countries and served on the EU Committee of Inquiry into the Equitable Life Assurance Society crisis . During his 15 years as an MEP , Purvis produced a number of major reports which helped to shape EU policy -- notably on biotechnology ( supporting GM foods ) , telecommunications and financial regulation . In 2001 , Purvis spoke out against the legality of actions by Customs and Excise officers who were confiscating alcohol and tobacco bought for personal use from travellers returning from the European Union saying such actions were illegal . In 2002 , Purvis stated that he supported the building of a new airport in central Scotland as an alternative to upgrading the airports at Edinburgh or Glasgow . Since standing down in 2009 , Purvis has continued to serve in Europe as Chairman of Financial Future which provides a means of dialogue between the financial services industries of Europe and the EU 's legislators . He is also Chairman of Belgrave Capital Management in London , a Director of Kingdom FM Radio Ltd. , Fife , and Advisor to the Board of Elmwood College in Cupar ( 2012 ) . In 2008 , it was alleged that Purvis may have breached rules regarding parliamentary expenses and the payment of staff through a company . Purvis said at the time that he sought clarification from the relevant authorities and such clarification was not forthcoming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e25728ac2c7855ba69d1a4c8a355e9d2", "text": "President of Trinidad and Tobago The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander-in-chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force . The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976 , before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II . The last Governor-General , Sir Ellis Clarke , was sworn in as the first President on August 1 , 1976 , under a transitional arrangement . He was formally chosen as President by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament on September 24 , 1976 , which is now celebrated as Republic Day . Under the 1976 Constitution , the President is the nominal source of executive power . Like the British Sovereign ( and heads of state in other Westminster Systems ) , he or she `` reigns but does not rule '' . In practice , executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and his or her Cabinet , on behalf of the President . The President appoints as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in the House of Representatives , and also appoints members of the Senate on the recommendation of the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition . The President must be at least 35 years old ( although no President has been younger than 59 ) , a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago , and at the time of nomination must have been resident in the country for an unbroken period of ten years . The current President of Trinidad and Tobago is Anthony Carmona . The official residence of the President is President 's House , previously known as Government House when it was used by the Governors-General and Governors of the islands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1a9473f6a682794829c1e2fbb47476d", "text": "William Beattie (politician) William Beattie ( born 21 September 1942 ) is a former minister of religion and Unionist politician in Northern Ireland . Beattie grew up in Ballymena . In 1965 , he became a student minister at the Dunmurry Free Presbyterian Church , and in 1967 he became a full minister in the Church , led by Ian Paisley . He also joined Paisley 's Protestant Unionist Party ( PUP ) , and became the deputy leader . In 1970 , Beattie was elected to the Northern Ireland House of Commons in a by-election in South Antrim . On the same day , Paisley was elected for Bannside , and the two became the PUP 's first Members of Parliament . Beattie stood for Belfast North in the 1970 general election , but came a distant third , behind the Ulster Unionist and Labour candidates . In 1971 , the PUP formed the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) , and Beattie retained his post as deputy leader . The Parliament was prorogued in 1972 , but Beattie was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly of 1973 , and became deputy chief whip of the United Unionist Assembly Party . He was again elected , to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975 , to Lisburn District Council in 1977 , and to the Northern Ireland Assembly of 1982 . Beattie stood in Lagan Valley in the 1983 general election , but again failed to win a seat in the British House of Commons . He resigned from the DUP in the mid-1990s , and retired as a minister on 31 December 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37714bbb0fa51fc36a0b010daa113a64", "text": "Britain's Economy: Cameron and Clegg Face the Audience Britain 's Economy : Cameron and Clegg Face the Audience is a special live political debate programme which was aired on BBC television on the evening of Wednesday 23 June 2010 . The programme featured British Prime Minister David Cameron and his Deputy Nick Clegg facing questions from a specially selected audience following the previous day 's emergency budget statement in which Chancellor George Osborne had announced # 6 billion worth of cuts in Government spending . It was chaired by Nick Robinson and saw Cameron and Clegg facing questions on the Budget 's potential impact . The occasion marked the first joint interview with Cameron and Clegg since forming a coalition government following the 2010 general election the previous month . The programme was aired on the BBC News channel at 7:00 pm , then again on BBC Two at 11.25 pm . It was also shown on BBC Parliament the following Sunday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776ccfd2587b9f88948c32607e334ff6", "text": "John Evans (Ogmore MP) John Evans ( 10 September 1875 -- 18 April 1961 ) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom . He was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Ogmore at a by-election in 1946 , but stood down at the 1950 general election . John Evans , a fluent Welsh speaker , was elected MP for Ogmore in 1946 , following a by-election , caused by the resignation of Ted Williams who had been appointed as high commissioner to Australia . It was said by many that at 70 years of age he was too old for the job but it is well to remember that Winston Churchill became prime minister for the second time at 76 and remained an MP into his eighties . John Evans was born at Cwmparc in the Rhondda Valley in September 1875 and attended the local Park Board School . He started work at twelve years of age in the local colliery where he remained for the next 20 years before winning a place at Ruskin College . On his return he became union secretary at Coegnant colliery , Maesteg . By now he was living at Nantyffyllon . He was elected to Maesteg UDC ( 1916 -- 37 ) and Glamorgan CC in ( 1913 -- 46 ) . In 1929 he stood unsuccessfully for parliament in Montgomery and in 1931 he failed to get the nomination for Ogmore losing out to Ted Williams . Surprisingly , as the sitting MP , he failed to gain the nomination , from the Ogmore Labour Party , for the 1950 General Election , despite being steeped in mining tradition and Welsh Culture . Newcomer Walter Padley gained the nomination and went on to be the MP for the next 30 years . Shortly after his non-selection , John Evans moved to Tongwynlais near Cardiff and from there won a seat on Glamorgan CC in 1952 , at the grand age of 75 . He died in 1961 , aged 85 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "602740d9891c73eff62d8bde68f5b56c", "text": "Geoffrey Johnson-Smith Sir Geoffrey Johnson-Smith , Kt , DL , PC ( 16 April 1924 in Glasgow -- 11 August 2010 ) was a Scottish Conservative politician in the United Kingdom . He was a Member of Parliament ( MP ) from 1959 to 2001 , with only a brief interruption in the 1960s . He was also a television presenter . The son of an electrical engineer , he joined the Royal Artillery straight from Charterhouse School in 1942 and after the war was demobilised as a captain . At Lincoln College , Oxford , he read PPE . Contemporaries remembered him as Oxford 's best-dressed socialist , though he always insisted he never joined the Labour Party . In his final year he and Robin Day took part in a debating tour of United States run by the English-Speaking Union . From Oxford he joined the British Information Services , serving in San Francisco , where he met his wife , Jeanne , an American doctor whom he married in 1951 . He was later a presenter of the BBC magazine programme Tonight in the late 1950s . Shortly before the 1959 general election , Cliff Michelmore , Tonight 's presenter , had a hernia operation and Johnson-Smith was promoted to co-host the show for six weeks . His profile was thus at its highest when the election was called , and on 8 October 1959 he ousted the Labour member for Holborn and St Pancras South , Lena Jeger , by 656 votes . He successfully promoted a bill authorising councils to operate a meals-on-wheels service for the elderly and was soon on the fast track , within six months becoming PPS to ministers at the Board of Trade ; in 1962 he moved to the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance . His parliamentary career was interrupted in October 1964 when Lena Jeger had her revenge by 2,756 votes as Labour came to power . He briefly returned to television , freelancing for the BBC and Rediffusion 's religious programmes . However , he returned to the House of Commons the following year at a by-election in the safe Conservative seat of East Grinstead . When that constituency was abolished for the 1983 election , he was returned for the new Wealden constituency , and held that seat until he retired at the 2001 general election . Sir Alec Douglas-Home quickly appointed him an Opposition whip , and when Edward Heath became leader that summer he made Johnson-Smith a party vice-chairman . When Heath came to power in 1970 he kept Johnson-Smith at Central Office . Soon afterwards Iain Macleod died suddenly , the party Chairman Anthony Barber taking his place and Johnson-Smith becoming acting chairman . He was never in the running for the top job , despite his popularity among Conservative ladies , and in April 1971 he instead became Under-Secretary for Defence for the Army . Johnson-Smith , who was later to launch a successful campaign on behalf of haemophiliacs who had been given infected blood , fought a long battle to curb the Church of Scientology . The Church had its headquarters near East Grinstead and in 1970 he endured a six-week libel case before a jury vindicated his stance . After the Bloody Sunday killings of January 1972 , he mounted an uncompromising defence of the Parachute Regiment : `` It is bad enough for our troops to have to run all the perils and be shot at by gunmen without having their pain increased by smears in this House . '' In November 1972 Heath moved him sideways to the Civil Service Department , with the remit of sharpening presentation of government policy . His time there was dominated by the Kenneth Littlejohn affair , which was still rumbling on when Heath called a snap election in February 1974 . Johnson-Smith fought a skilful media campaign , but could not prevent Heath losing . When Margaret Thatcher took the leadership , she asked him to oversee media activities at Central Office alongside a fellow television professional , Gordon Reece . After her 1979 election victory he joined the 1922 executive and chaired the party 's backbench media committee . From 1980 to 1996 he chaired the select committee on Member 's Interests , having to field embarrassing questions about the business activities of Mrs Thatcher 's son Mark . Johnson-Smith specialised increasingly in defence . From 1985 he chaired the military committee of the North Atlantic Assembly , and from 1987 to 1997 he led the British delegation . For six years he chaired the Conservative backbench defence committee . He was knighted in 1982 and sworn of the Privy Council in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "687a40c7ea9eabfbd9391515b3360e03", "text": "West Lothian question The West Lothian question , also known as the English question , refers to whether MPs from Northern Ireland , Scotland and Wales , sitting in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom , should be able to vote on matters that affect only England , while MPs from England are unable to vote on matters that have been devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly , the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly . The term `` West Lothian question '' was coined by Enoch Powell MP in 1977 after Tam Dalyell , the Labour MP for the Scottish constituency of West Lothian , raised the matter repeatedly in House of Commons debates on devolution . In 2011 the Government of the United Kingdom set up a commission to examine the question . The Commission on the consequences of devolution for the House of Commons , chaired by former Clerk of the House of Commons Sir William McKay , published a report in 2013 which proposed various procedural changes , including that legislation which affects only England should require the support of a majority of MPs representing English constituencies ( `` English votes for English laws '' ) . Following the election of a Conservative government in the 2015 general election , new parliamentary procedures and a Legislative Grand Committee were enacted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d4ce90546a5a6f135201d76e1219963", "text": "2012 British cabinet reshuffle British prime minister David Cameron conducted the first major reshuffle of his coalition government on 4 September 2012 . The reshuffle , nearly two and a half years after the government was sworn in , was highly anticipated , and eschewed the trend of annual reshuffles which had become common under the governments of the 1990s and 2000s . As a result , many ministers had been in place not just since the government was elected in 2010 , but had covered the portfolio in Cameron 's shadow cabinet or even earlier ; Andrew Lansley had covered the health brief since 2004 , when Michael Howard led the Conservatives in opposition . Despite this , Cameron 's room to manoeuvre was limited by his coalition agreement with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg 's Liberal Democrats , which guaranteed the minority party seats in government , and Clegg the right to select his ministers . Further , Cameron 's personal aversion to reshuffles and belief that ministers were most effective when given time at a department led to him viewing many cabinet members , including the holders of the Great Offices of State , as immovable . The reshuffle , which was criticised by the opposition for resulting in a cabinet with only four female members out of twenty-two , ultimately shifted Cameron 's government significantly to the right on business , justice , and the environment , and rid the government of perceived weaknesses , while maintaining stability at the top . In an official statement , Number 10 stated that the impetus for the reshuffle was the fact that after more than two years , the government was `` at the delivery phase '' and that ministers had `` been appointed with that in mind '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89bbb1f9116b51b874173b29cb1d629", "text": "Heath ministry Edward Heath , of the Conservative Party , formed the Heath ministry and became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 19 June 1970 , following the 18 June general election . Heath 's ministry ended after the February 1974 general election , which produced a hung parliament , leading to the formation of a minority government by Harold Wilson of the Labour Party . Heath had been elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1965 to succeed Alec Douglas Home , within a few months of the party 's election defeat after 13 years in government . His first general election as leader the following year ended in defeat as Wilson 's Labour government increased its majority . The Conservatives enjoyed a surge in support over the next two years as the British economy went through a period of fluctuation being growth and contraction , with unemployment rising significantly , but when Harold Wilson called a general election for June 1970 , the opinion polls all pointed towards a third successive Labour victory . It was a major surprise when the Conservatives won with a majority of 30 seats . The government of Edward Heath initially enjoyed a strong economy and relatively low unemployment , and by 1973 Britain had entered the European Economic Community . But then came the 1973 oil crisis , and just before Christmas , Heath declared a `` three day week '' in which the use of offices , factories and most public buildings was reduced to three days a week . He also faced a battle with the unions over pay freezes and restraints , which sparked a rise in strikes . The economy also entered a recession . Heath 's response in February 1974 was to call a general election , urging the voters to decide whether it was the government or the unions which ran Britain . The election on 28 February 1974 resulted in a hung parliament , in which the Tories had the most votes but Labour had the most seats . After talks with the Liberals about forming a coalition government failed , Labour formed a minority government on 4 March . A second general election was widely anticipated later in 1974 , and was called by Harold Wilson for 10 October , in which the Labour Party gained a three-seat majority . This meant that Wilson had now won four of the five general elections he had contested , while Heath had now lost three of his four general elections , and it seemed inevitable that his leadership would soon end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39641728463b693f5e340ace0bc93354", "text": "John Fitzmaurice John Fitzmaurice ( 18 November 1947 in Copenhagen - August 2003 in Brussels ) , was an administrator , academic and writer . He was an author of numerous books and articles on politics , concentrating on party politics and elections . He was an official of the European Commission and a lecturer at the Université Libre de Bruxelles . Fizmaurice was educated at Shaftesbury Grammar School and the University of Bristol . He obtained a Certificate of Education at Oxford People College . His political career began when he contested Yeovil in 1987 . He went on to contest North Dorset in 1992 and 1997 . Fitzmaurice became secretary of the Brussels Labour Party and the Vice-chair of Brussels Co-operative Party . He went on to work as an administrator for the European Commission , Brussels , in the Department for Liaison with the European Parliament . While in that post he travelled extensively , mainly to carry out research for his next publications . After he died unexpectedly , a commemoration service was held on 12 November 2003 in the Brussels Van Maerlant Chapel . Among others , Neil Kinnock , Vice-President of the European Commission from 1995 until 2004 , and Julian Priestley from the European Parliament , spoke during this service . In memory of John Fitzmaurice , an annual lecture around the themes of democracy , socialism and Europe , is held in Brussels . At the 2007 lecture , Geoff Hoon dedicated his speech to Fitzmaurice . He said : ... it is also a particular honour to give the Brussels Labour Annual Lecture in memory of our colleague and friend , John Fitzmaurice . I knew John during my time in the European Parliament . He then went on to work for the Commission Secretariat General focusing on the relationship between the Commission and the Parliament until his sad death in 2003 . John was passionate about European politics and in particular the European Parliament throughout his life and career . I hope that it is something that I have in common with him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea1c83eaa0a34187516036b1f46031a", "text": "Eastbourne by-election, 1990 The Eastbourne by-election , 1990 was a by-election held on 18 October 1990 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eastbourne in East Sussex . The by-election was caused by the death of the town 's Conservative Party Member of Parliament ( MP ) Ian Gow , who was killed on 30 July 1990 by a bomb placed under his car by the Provisional IRA . The result was a victory for the Liberal Democrat candidate David Bellotti , who defeated the former Conservative MP Richard Hickmet by a majority of 4,550 votes and with more than half the votes cast . The loss came as a shock to many Conservatives who had expected ( not least given the circumstances under which the by-election was held , as well as the fact that it had been retained by a majority of more than 16,000 votes in 1987 ) that they would easily retain the seat . Conservative MP Ann Widdecombe sent a message to voters saying that the IRA would be `` toasting their success '' . It was a welcome success for the Liberal Democrats , formed in March 1988 , after some disastrous early local and European election showings , as well as dismal showings in opinion polls . It came at a time when Conservative support was slumping and Labour was enjoying a comfortable lead in the opinion polls , largely due to the unpopular introduction of poll tax by the Conservative government . However , at the next general election just 18 months later , Bellotti was defeated by over 5,000 votes . The outcome of was symbolic of how the fortunes of the main three political parties had altered in that short time . The Liberal Democrats , who at the time of the Eastbourne success were looking set for a big rise in votes and seats , were left with a reduced number of seats , while the Conservatives were re-elected under new leader John Major ( who had succeeded Margaret Thatcher in November 1990 ) , leaving Labour in opposition for a fourth successive term of parliament - meaning that Neil Kinnock never made it into government as the opinion polls throughout 1990 had all suggested would happen . This remains , as of 2016 , the last by-election resulting from the assassination of a sitting MP that was contested by all of the major parties . Following the next such killing , which occurred in 2016 when Labour MP Jo Cox was attacked and murdered in her constituency , Labour 's major political rivals quickly announced they would not contest the ensuing by-election .", "title": "" } ]	fever
22f780514c548245a6ba4b8b8b397f48	Marlon Brando played anyone except Emiliano Zapata.	[ { "docid": "b32b95bf5cf758eabea1cc9835f6946c", "text": "Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements . He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 . The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s . Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "53d6e111f34ffb1da2de50106f93a42e", "text": "Romolo Costa Romolo Costa ( 1897 -- 1965 ) was an Italian film actor who appeared in more than seventy films and television series between 1934 and 1964 . He also worked extensively as a voice actor , dubbing foreign films for release in Italy . Costa was a character actor who generally appeared in supporting roles . Occasionally he played a more prominent role as in Il destino in tasca ( 1938 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "672e75cc1a8a68b063ef9674709a8cbe", "text": "Zannino Zannino ( Ζαννίνο born Yannis Papadopoulos ; 21 August 1923 -- 27 May 1995 ) was a Greek actor . He performed in more than eighty films from 1956 to 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644c28c10b65406341be87bac1818172", "text": "Silvani Silvani is a surname of Italian origin . There are approximately 1516 people with the surname in Italy , the largest number in Emilia Romagna , in Bagno di Romagna , Sarsina , Bologna , and Pieve Santo Stefano , near Arezzo , Tuscany . A considerable number is found in Milan . There are approximately 300 Silvani in France , 350 in USA and 24 in the UK . The surname derives from SILVA , FOREST , and could have been used by the Romans to refer to their slaves that had Transylvanian origin ( Romania/Hungary ) The name refers to : Al Silvani ( 1910 -- 1996 ) , American boxing trainer , actor , and stunt man Aldo Silvani ( 1891 -- 1964 ) , Italian film actor Gherardo Silvani ( 1579 -- 1675 ) , Florentine architect and sculptor of the Baroque era who built Villa di Uligliano also in Tuscany , Pier Francesco Silvani ( 1620 -- 1685 ) , Florentine architect of the Baroque era Walter Silvani ( 11 May 1971 ) Argentinian Football Player Fictional characters Marco Silvani , character on Australian soap opera Neighbours Signorina Silvani and accountant Ugo Fantozzi , a fictional character Written by Paolo Villaggio for the Italian Television", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26968b699342b9d9033301a0c8d9d3d6", "text": "Banana Dance The Banana Dance has several different meanings and performances . Part of Chris Elliott 's Marlon Brando impersonation skit on the David Letterman show . It consisted of `` Marlon '' ( Chris Elliot ) dumping bananas out of a sack on the floor and Elliot dancing slowly around them to the song `` The Alley Cat '' . The Danse sauvage , an exotic dance performed by Josephine Baker in live shows and her Siren of the Tropics movie . The Dancing Banana is a popular emoticon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f48051558ea294bec010466d3d3f9cc", "text": "Sam Coppola Sam Coppola ( July 31 , 1932 -- February 5 , 2012 ) was an American actor . He appeared in almost 70 films , beginning in 1968 , but may be best remembered for his role as Dan Fusco , owner of the Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , hardware and paint store , in Saturday Night Fever , who gave John Travolta 's character sage but salty advice in the classic 1977 film . Later in his career , Coppola made a brief but memorable appearance on The Sopranos as the idiosyncratic family therapist of Jennifer Melfi . Coppola was a cop in Serpico ( 1973 ) , starring Al Pacino , and a detective in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close . His many TV credits include The Practice , The Good Wife , Law & Order , The Sopranos , Ryan 's Hope and the 2001 A&E movie The Big Heist , in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano . Coppola , no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola , played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011 's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan . Coppola , a 38-year resident of Leonia , also had many stage roles . He played the hobo Vladimir in a 2005 off-Broadway production of `` Waiting for Godot '' and an aging real estate salesman , Aaronow , in a 2000 production of Glengarry Glen Ross at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton . Coppola died February 5 , 2012 from an aneurysm , and was predeceased by his wife , Helen . He is survived by his children , Jason Coppola of Brooklyn and Samantha Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38e1d5d8b414a261674656d24c3dfae6", "text": "Angelo Fierro Angelo Fierro is an American film and television actor . Fierro , an Italian-American of Sicilian ancestry , was born in Boston 's Little Italy , the North End . He first appeared on network television in an automobile commercial for Toyota . Extolled for his menacing looks , his portrayal of the villain has since been quite frequent . Surprisingly adept at comedy , he also has appeared at Stand Up New York comedy club . He starred on the TV series Breaking Vegas as the real-life counterfeiter , Louis Colavecchio , and had a recurring role as the Russian mobster , Vladimir , on the TV series Ocean Ave. , starring Victoria Jackson and Megan Fox . He also appeared in the movies Señorita Justice as Carlos Rios , with Eva Longoria and Final Engagement as gangster John Knight , with Peter Greene . He has made guest appearances on TV shows such as the Michael Jackson Trial and Untold Stories of the ER , and is well known for his Tony Soprano parody in an Andalusia Olive Oil commercial , with the tag line : `` Are you wearing a wire ? '' Fierro studied acting at Florida Atlantic University , where he graduated with degrees in marketing and international business , having started theater too late to pursue a Bachelor of Fine Arts . He continues to follow an acting career in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2d4899d0ceeb919c28ee8ca6559216e", "text": "Johnny Stecchino Johnny Stecchino is an Italian comedy film starring Roberto Benigni as the protagonist and director . This film is one of Benigni 's many collaborations with co-star and wife , Nicoletta Braschi . During its release in 1991 , it was the highest-grossing film in Italy . This film follows the life of Dante , a quirky school bus driver ( Benigni ) for students with Down syndrome , who bears a striking resemblance to Johnny Stecchino , an Italian mafioso who is wanted by Sicilian mobsters for treason and murder . The film 's plot begins to unravel when Dante meets Maria , the wife of Stecchino , who begins her plan into tricking mobsters to kill Dante thinking he is Stecchino . The film takes several unexpected twists when Maria begins to fall for Dante , and it becomes clear that Dante can not possibly be the cold blooded killer , Johnny Stecchino . The U.S. version released in theaters and on VHS is about 20 minutes shorter that the full Italian version . It trims several conversations including the final scene with Lillo sniffing cocaine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91fbfbff188422a7dbb2569630d544c0", "text": "Peer Schmidt Peer Eugen Georg Schmidt ( 11 March 1926 ; Erfurt , Weimar Germany -- 8 May 2010 ; Berlin ) was a German actor and voice actor . He is best known as the German voice of Gérard Philipe , Marlon Brando and Jean-Paul Belmondo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b55ff2540a0e6ff782487c583c41c193", "text": "Other Men Other Men ( Altri uomini ) is a 1997 Italian crime drama film written and directed by Claudio Bonivento . It is based on real-life characters documented in the Antonio Carlucci and Paolo Rossetti 's book Io il Tebano ( `` I , the Theban '' ) . For his performance Claudio Amendola received a Nastro d'Argento nomination for best actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d059aa881a31213ef431dd951a37f6", "text": "Mezzetino Mezzetino , also Mezzettino , ( Pron . met-zeh-TEE-no ) is a character from the commedia dell ` arte and is considered by Duchartre to be a variant on the stock character Brighella . His name means `` Half-Measure ( of liquor ) '' in Medieval Italian , and he is sometimes called in French and English plays `` Mezzetin '' . He first appeared in the 16th century . Mezzetino is an adept schemer and trouble-maker , willing to commit acts of violence if necessary , but on the whole a little calmer than his brother Brighella , and much more gentle and cultivated , especially in his later life . He is often very musically inclined , and can sing and dance with skill . His character can vary greatly : he can be a loyal servant or simply scheming for his master 's downfall ; he can be a deceitful husband or be deceived by his wife . He also seems to be rather more interested in the ladies than is Brighella , often coming over as rather creepy in his efforts to flirt . His costume has gone through similar variations to Brighella 's , beginning as a baggy white costume like that worn by the zanni but later evolving into a livery or else a tunic and breeches , usually with stripes , and some sort of hat as an accessory . Whereas Brighella 's color is green , Mezzetino 's is red or burgundy . He is sometimes played without a mask , especially in later versions , after the manner in which Angelo Costantini played him ; but when masked it is either brown or rust colored . Callot shows him holding a sword as part of the ensemble . He is also sometimes dressed in a manner that closely resembles the habit of Harlequin , as in the famous Nymphenburg porcelain , hence some people 's belief that he is a variant not on Brighella but on Harlequin . He almost always wears a short cape , called a tabaro , which has its origins in the plays of Ancient Rome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29ba38c6a9c005e1d41a56a639a71a02", "text": "Not Like Everyone Else Not Like Everyone Else is a 2006 television film that aired on Lifetime Television and starred Alia Shawkat , Illeana Douglas and Eric Schweig . It is based on a true story of events that happened to Brandi Blackbear in 1999 -- 2000 . This telefilm was shot in Shreveport , Louisiana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08df91a62055f89b4576b92776170337", "text": "Torin Thatcher Torin Thatcher ( 15 January 1905 -- 4 March 1981 ) was an English actor born in Bombay , British India , to English parents Torin James Blair Thatcher , a police officer , by his wife Edith Rachel , a voice and piano teacher , younger daughter of the Hon. Justice Sir Herbert Batty , a puisne judge of the High Court of Bombay . He was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains . He was educated in Britain at Bedford School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . He worked as a schoolmaster before first appearing on the London stage in 1927 and then entering British films in 1934 . He appeared in the 1937 Old Vic stage production of Hamlet , in which Laurence Olivier made his first appearance in the title role , opposite Vivien Leigh as Ophelia . During the Second World War , he served with the Royal Artillery and was demobilised with the rank of lieutenant colonel . Thatcher appeared in classic British films of the late 1930s and 1940s , including Major Barbara ( 1941 ) and Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , in which he played Bentley Drummle . He moved to Hollywood in the 1950s . He was constantly in demand , invariably lending his looming figure and baleful countenance to sinister or stern roles in popular costume thrillers such as The Crimson Pirate ( 1952 ) , Blackbeard the Pirate ( 1952 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) ( as the disapproving father of Marcellus ) , The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) , Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) , Darby 's Rangers ( 1958 ) and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ( 1958 ) . He also appeared in the Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty . He returned to the stage quite frequently , notably on Broadway , in such esteemed productions as Edward , My Son ( 1948 ) , That Lady ( 1949 ) and Billy Budd ( 1951 ) . In 1959 , he portrayed Captain Keller in the award-winning play The Miracle Worker with Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke . All of these plays were filmed , but Thatcher did not appear in the film versions . Also a steady fixture on television , he appeared in such made-for-TV films as adaptations of A.J. Cronin 's Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) and The Citadel ( 1960 ) , Bonanza ( 1961 ) , and Brenda Starr ( 1976 ) . He also played the title role in a Philco Television Playhouse version of Othello and acted in a CBS production of Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) . He appeared in programmes such as The Real McCoys , Thriller , Gunsmoke , Perry Mason , Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea , Daniel Boone and Mission : Impossible . He was cast as the sly space trader in an episode of Lost in Space . Thatcher , if not for his distinguished career , has become recognised by several generations of fans of Star Trek : The Original Series from his performance as Marplon , secretly a member of the resistance in the episode `` The Return of the Archons '' . Thatcher died of cancer on 4 March 1981 , in Thousand Oaks , California , USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49b7a66ca8e331b5e365e6f5087a951", "text": "Mario Navarro Mario Navarro ( Born in 1949 ) was a Mexican actor , active in the 1950s and 1960s . He made his film debut in 1956 playing a leading role in The Road of Life , following in the same year with The Beast of Hollow Mountain . In 1960 he appeared in the TV series Captain David Grief in the episode Everybody 's Boy . He later had small roles in Hollywood movies such as The Black Scorpion ( 1957 ) , The Magnificent Seven ( 1960 ) and Geronimo ( 1962 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca22ac7cb718acabc226442ba432625f", "text": "Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle . Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . '' Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position . Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efbf3f453f437459eef46a1ddc8db3b0", "text": "Luciano Marin Luciano Marin ( born 9 December 1931 ) is an Italian actor . He appeared in more than twenty films since 1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84f4149ab4f770b67c98e12ee69cd23f", "text": "Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks . Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after . After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run . Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances . Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1d42a4ddb26a546640c49bb12c1e5830	The Challenge was originally Road Rules: All Stars.	[ { "docid": "041fa554c04319357aa7c68e61013923", "text": "The Challenge (TV series) The Challenge ( originally known as Road Rules : All Stars , followed by Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network 's two reality shows , Real World and Road Rules . It features alumni from these two shows , in addition to first-time cast members called ` Fresh Meat ' , alumni from Are You the One ? , and relatives of these cast members called ` Bloodlines ' , competing against one another for a cash prize . The Challenge is currently hosted by T. J. Lavin . The series premiered on June 1 , 1998 . The title of the show was originally Road Rules : All Stars before it was renamed Real World/Road Rules Challenge by the show 's 2nd season , then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show 's 19th season . The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season , providing assignments as `` Mr. '' or `` Ms. Big '' ( David `` Puck '' Rainey , David Edwards , and Gladys Sanabria served this role ) . Later on , however , the series began using hosts : Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season , and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T. J. Lavin became the show 's regular host by the 11th season . Since the 4th season , each season has supplied the show with a unique subtitle , such as Rivals . Each season consists of a format and theme whereby the subtitle is derived . Of each season 's format and theme , 8 have been repeated or revamped through sequel seasons with shared subtitles . In chronological order , these include : Battle of the Sexes ( tied to Battle of the Sexes II , the show 's first sequel season ) ; The Inferno ( tied to The Inferno II and The Inferno III , the show 's first trilogy ) ; The Gauntlet ( tied to The Gauntlet II and The Gauntlet III ) ; The Duel ( tied to The Duel II ) ; Fresh Meat ( tied to Fresh Meat II ) , Battle of the Seasons ( tied to the second Battle of the Seasons ) ; Rivals ( tied to Rivals II and Rivals III ) ; and Battle of the Exes ( tied to Battle of the Exes II ) . The current 29th season , entitled Invasion of the Champions , premiered on February 7 , 2017 and concluded on May 16 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7bcd69057cce0e44c3d8a79f48496b8f", "text": "CARS Tour CARS Tour ( formerly known as the USARacing Pro Cup Series , USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series , CARS Pro Cup Series , Rev-Oil Pro Cup Series and CARS X1-R ProCup Series ) is a stock car auto racing series in the United States . It is sanctioned by the Championship Auto Racing Series . The series races throughout the United States primarily on short tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7b0de87ec2b35c0e2451e8ab625800e", "text": "NASCAR Sportsman Division (1989–1995) The NASCAR Igloo Sportsman Challenge is a discontinued NASCAR division . It was created by Humpy Wheeler in 1989 to give short track drivers superspeedway experience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64fab1d7d9c0453924baff7af431f7cf", "text": "2004 Speed World Challenge The 2004 Speed World Challenge season was the fifteenth season of the Sports Car Club of America 's World Challenge series . The series ' title sponsor was television network Speed Channel , who broadcast all the races . Championships were awarded for grand touring and touring cars . The season began on March 19 and ran for ten rounds . Tommy Archer and Audi won the championships in GT , and Bill Auberlen and BMW won in Touring Car . The season marked the first wins for the Cadillac brand , a step up for General Motors after three of its brands declined in the nineties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888f296f01c2cc306271e851aaa5fd37", "text": "Women's Challenge The Women 's Challenge bicycle race ( originally known as the Ore-Ida Women 's Challenge , after its leading sponsor of `` Ore-Ida '' brand frozen potato products ) was held annually in the western United States in southern Idaho , beginning in 1984 until its demise in 2002 . Later primary sponsors were PowerBar and Hewlett-Packard . During much of its 19-year history , it was the most prestigious women 's cycle race in North America . From 1995 , when it first obtained sanctioning from the Union Cycliste Internationale ( UCI ) , the international governing body for cycling , it developed into one of the strongest races in the world , attracting numerous World and Olympic Champions . Prior to that , in 1990 , the UCI had refused to sanction the event , citing as their reason the `` excessive climbing , stage distances , number of stages , and duration of event . '' The race that year was 17 stages and 663 mi , won by Inga Thompson . The following year ( 1991 ) marked the debut on the international scene of a team representing Lithuania , which had just recently declared its independence and was still awaiting recognition as a country . Professionals were allowed to compete beginning in 1993 . The race , which was run almost entirely by volunteers , set a very high standard in terms of technical administration and conduct of the race itself . Jim Rabdau , the race founder , served as chief organizer of the race throughout its entire history . By the late 1990s , the race was able to attract sufficient sponsorship money to offer the richest prize fund ever in women 's cycling and , for a while , was the richest prize fund race in North America , men 's or women 's . At its peak , it offered $ 125,000 in prizes . However , cuts in sponsorship forced a reduction in prize money to $ 75,000 in its last year ( 2002 ) and no title sponsor could be found to replace the outgoing sponsor for the following year , forcing the cancellation of the race . Race organizers cited a downturn in the economy as the reason . One of the stages crested Galena Summit at 8701 ft above sea level on Highway 75 , the Northwest 's highest highway pass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deff2441b2c0079fbc2aacf2f4a4906b", "text": "The President's Challenge The President 's Challenge ( also called Presidential Champions ) is an American program by President 's Council on Fitness , Sports and Nutrition that aims to encourage all Americans to `` make being active part of their everyday lives '' and to be physically fit . The President 's Challenge is designed to help motivate participants ( international participants also eligible ) to improve regardless of activity and fitness level . The President 's Challenge program includes Awards for actively performing members in their preferred games , sports , or athletics . There are various levels of Awards available . They are : Presidential Active Lifestyle Award ( PALA ) Health Fitness Award Presidential Champions Awards Presidential Champions Bronze Award Presidential Champions Silver Award Presidential Champions Gold Award Presidential Champions Platinum Award To obtain credit participants must log in their daily efforts , which as noted above can include both sports and physical fitness activities . Each daily activity gives a certain number of points , the number computed by both its intensity and duration . Reporting is entirely on the honor system . Each higher level award requires accumulating more points . There is not a time limit . Qualifiers are eligible for certificates , medals and patches , with the platinum award being a large medallion . The lower levels are comparatively easy , while the platinum award requires a sustained effort , typically over several years . Annually the number of people who reached this point has increased . Over 100 a year now earn it . Several have been awarded it multiple times . Participants who achieve the Platinum Award are also offered participation in the Presidential Champions Platinum Award program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3394ad45d3473c64a6d0da14f2458e74", "text": "Formula One Championship Edition Formula One Championship Edition is a racing video game , developed by SCE Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 . The game follows the basic structure of Formula One 06 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . The main differences include the updated visuals for the PS3 including a lot more detail , Sixaxis compatibility , real time reflections , car reflections on wet circuits and new wet weather effects . It was announced early in development that the safety car would be included in the game for the first time in an F1 game since Formula One 99 for the PlayStation . However , it was removed before the final release along with the PSP wing mirror integration shown at E3 . The game also boasts dynamic weather , and improved AI . The AI system is called `` Live Action Racing '' where one can pressure the opposition , causing them to make little mistakes such as running wide on corners , causing them to crash into other cars or spin off the road of their own accord . The AI will then try to seek opportunities to pass the player in a realistic manner . The game is based on the early 2006 F1 season . Hence , Yuji Ide drives for Super Aguri when in reality he lost his super licence just 4 races into the '06 season , and Franck Montagny , then later Sakon Yamamoto took his seat . Other minor changes throughout the real 2006 season are also not represented . In the career mode , players begin by running tests for one of three teams ( Toro Rosso , Super Aguri or Midland F1 ) at either the Silverstone , Magny Cours or Catalunya circuits . The tests given vary between the teams . When the player successfully completes the tests , they are given the role of test driver or race driver , depending on how well the player performed in the test . After performing well as a test driver , the player will become the second driver of the team . From there the player can compete in race weekends through many different roles . As a test driver the player will try out different car settings in practice , and as a driver the player will have track position targets to meet to keep the seat . The player 's performances are subject to review at several points during the season . The initial release did not include force-feedback support , which is considered by many to be an important feature for simulation racing games used with driving wheel controllers . A subsequent update in early 2008 added force feedback . The game also lacks support for 1080i or 1080p output resolutions . Per the calendar , the Belgian Grand Prix is not included . The game 's cover in the North America version ( as seen on the right ) features Fernando Alonso ( the defending world champion at that time in 2006 ) who drove for the Renault team , Jenson Button who drove for the Honda team and David Coulthard who drove for the Red Bull Racing team . Like previous games , it featured in-game commentary from then ITV F1 commentators Martin Brundle and James Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e66f8e0c2f54479f958ed9de707cfd4", "text": "SRL Southwest Tour The SPEARS SRL Southwest Tour Series is a Late Model racing league operating since 1985 , originally with NASCAR sanction as the NASCAR Featherlite Southwest Tour and later AutoZone Elite Division , Southwest Series , and before being sanctioned by a group of West Coast racers under the premises of the Stockcar Racing League . The cars feature a perimeter frame chassis where rails of equal lengths must kick out , compared to the more modern offset chassis where one side is straight and one side kicks out . They weigh 2,900 pounds and have a fiberglass body . The original NASCAR Southwest Tour began in 1985 and ran until NASCAR discontinued the Elite Division in 2006 . When NASCAR eliminated the Elite Division at the end of the 2006 season , former IRL driver Davey Hamilton 's SRL sanctioning body gave the former NASCAR Southwest Tour teams in the Southwest a series to race , under the SRL Wild West Shootout name . With management of the series now under the control of the Collins family of Mesa Marin ( both old and new ) tracks , the series decided to return to the more familiar Southwest Tour name in 2008 . Current SRL rules require a Five Star racing body complying with any NASCAR Southwest Tour-approved body from 2000 -- 2006 , or SRL since 2007 , and complying with the Approved Body Configuration program used nationally in short track racing . In 2012 , officials announced the formation of the Spears S2 Series , which started in 2013 . This is a crate late model series giving drivers that ran the SRL Legends Series , which began in 2010 , a chance to gain experience in a full-sized stock car . At the same time the S2 Series also gave more experienced drivers the chance to race in a more affordable race car . For 2016 , the series will permit Super Late Models to participate in the series with the United Super Late Model rules used in the Southeast and Midwest to participate in the series , allowing drivers to race in selected national big-money races with the same car . The SRL has a green-white-checkered finish rule . Nathan Tucker won the first championship under the SRL sanction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92d8563e96d41ece45c0a5b8918b0f1d", "text": "2003 Speed World Challenge The 2003 Speed World Challenge season was the fourteenth season of the Sports Car Club of America 's World Challenge series . The series ' title sponsor was television network Speed Channel , who televised all the races . Championships were awarded for grand touring and touring cars . It began on March 14 and ran for ten rounds . Randy Pobst and Audi won the championships in GT , and Bill Auberlen and BMW won in Touring Car . The series headed to Puerto Rico for a race in 2003 , their first race outside of the United States and Canada since 1991 when they went to Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9e892436c2a1a9b58551deec0f45ccb", "text": "Outback Challenge This article is about the off-roading competition . For the unmanned aerial vehicle competition , see UAV Outback Challenge . The Outback Challenge is an off-roading event that takes place in the sheep stations surrounding Broken Hill , New South Wales , Australia . It is an amateur event where competitors in specially built four-wheel drives compete in a number of trials which address all aspects of off-roading , including navigation , vehicular recovery , vehicle maintenance and bush survival as well as off-road driving skills . The first Challenge started in 1999 , and has attracted competitors from all over Australia and overseas with competitors from New Zealand , Malaysia , United States , Great Britain , France and the Canary Islands taking part . The event was discontinued in 2011 and replaced by Australian Outback 4x4 Extreme , but was discontinued after its first year . The event will return in 2014 under new management in October , away from its traditional May date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9547b6f557d245e2bc968efc418f2fb2", "text": "Australian Saloon Car Series The Australian Super Six Touring Car Series , known originally as the Australian Saloon Car Series , is an Australian motor racing series for drivers of Group 3K Saloon Cars . The Saloon Car category was devised as a low cost amateur sedan racing formula which would potentially replace the ageing HQ Holden category . The original regulations were focused around large Australian sedans of early 1990s vintage with eligibility limited to VN and VP series Holden Commodores and the EA and EB series Ford Falcons . The regulations limited the cars to six cylinder versions rather than the V8 engined models , as the latter might make the category too similar to Commodore Cup . The cars are slightly modified from their road going versions , with an emphasis on safety for racing . The Saloon Car category made its debut at the 2000 Adelaide 500 meeting in what was the first round of a three round series . The annual series was officially sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport from 2002 and state level series have also evolved in New South Wales , Victoria , Queensland , South Australia and Western Australia . The category has been particularly successful in Western Australia . The first major change in the category regulations saw an update in vehicle eligibility for the 2006 season with the Holden VT Commodore and the Ford AU Falcon models added to the field . The newer models proved instantly more competitive and the older cars soon slipped down the field and were relegated to class results or state level series . In the same year the series was granted `` National Championship '' status by the CAMS and officially became the Australian Saloon Car Championship . After a second year as a Championship in 2007 it reverted to its `` National Series '' status for 2008 . In 2014 the series was rebranded under the title of Australian Super Six Touring Car Series . The category 's most successful driver has been Bruce Heinrich who has won the national series five times , including the two Australian Saloon Car Championship titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00eb98cb16b6032c93a1f701c335d23f", "text": "The Amazing Race 26 The Amazing Race 26 is the 26th installment of the reality television show The Amazing Race . In this installment , eleven teams of dating couples ( six existing couples and five blind date teams who met for the first time at the start of the race ) competed in a race around the world for a $ 1 million ( USD ) grand prize.The season premiered on CBS for the 2014 -- 15 television season with a special 90-minute episode on Wednesday , February 25 , 2015 . Following the premiere , the program aired in the same time slot that the previous season of The Amazing Race took . The season finale aired on May 15 , 2015 . Blind date couple Laura Pierson & Tyler Adams , known as `` Team SoCal , '' were the winners of the 26th season of The Amazing Race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a06f337c6700215f8ecfc568c390430", "text": "Survivor: All-Stars Survivor : All-Stars is the eighth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor . It was filmed from November 3 , 2003 through December 11 , 2003 and premiered on February 1 , 2004 after Super Bowl XXXVIII . It was set on the Pearl Islands of Panama , where the previous season Survivor : Pearl Islands had just wrapped up . Hosted by Jeff Probst , it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with , for the first time , 18 competitors instead of the usual 16 , and three tribes instead of the usual two . The winner was Amber Brkich , who was declared the Sole Survivor after a victory over Rob `` Boston Rob '' Mariano with a 4 -- 3 jury vote . At the end of the live reunion show , a twist called America 's Tribal Council was announced . It involved the public voting to award a second million-dollar prize . Rupert Boneham won the million dollars over runners up Mariano , Colby Donaldson , and Tom Buchanan . This season was released on DVD on September 14 , 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9e3817894250093cea9fb64aeca0112", "text": "Winner Takes All (game show) Winner Takes All was a game show that aired on ITV from 20 April 1975 to 28 June 1988 , first hosted by Jimmy Tarbuck from 1975 to 1986 and then hosted by Geoffrey Wheeler from 1987 to 1988 . The show then returned on the screens in 1997 , this time on Challenge TV hosted by Bobby Davro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39756899b2f0401e0df90bd962721ae4", "text": "DARPA Grand Challenge The DARPA Grand Challenge is a prize competition for American autonomous vehicles , funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency , the most prominent research organization of the United States Department of Defense . Congress has authorized DARPA to award cash prizes to further DARPA 's mission to sponsor revolutionary , high-payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental discoveries and military use . The initial DARPA Grand Challenge was created to spur the development of technologies needed to create the first fully autonomous ground vehicles capable of completing a substantial off-road course within a limited time . The third event , the DARPA Urban Challenge extended the initial Challenge to autonomous operation in a mock urban environment . The most recent Challenge , the 2012 DARPA Robotics Challenge , focused on autonomous emergency-maintenance robots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492803f19fcf5c6ee670f5f29ea4af2e", "text": "The Amazing Race Canada 4 The fourth season of The Amazing Race Canada is a reality game show based on the American series The Amazing Race . It features 10 teams of two , each with a pre-existing relationship . The grand prize includes : a cash payout , a `` once-in-a-lifetime '' trip for two around the world with hotel accommodations provided by new sponsor Hotels.com , and the winning team 's choice of any Chevrolet vehicle driven during the race . For the fourth year in a row , Jon Montgomery returned as the host . The season premiere was aired on June 28 , 2016 . Dating couple Steph LeClair and Kristen McKenzie were the winners of this season of The Amazing Race Canada . They are the first all-female team to win the Canadian edition of the show and the first lesbian couple team to win any edition of the Race worldwide . In the After the Race reunion special , it was revealed that both chose the Silverado truck featured in Leg 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c2aa9068ebce4cc6f5247044d56dde", "text": "Changing Lanes (TV series) Changing Lanes is an American reality series that aired from September 10 until October 20 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5f6d1e6b6e2f03538dc6c75bdc995c", "text": "Roadeo A roadeo is a competitive driving event for motor vehicle drivers in which drivers compete to pass through a variety of obstacles in the smallest amount of time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65d28c5973354e3828725d1152a42ae9", "text": "All-America This article is about the concept in sports teams . For similarly-named articles , see All American . An All-America team is a hypothetical American sports team composed of outstanding amateur players . These players are broadly considered by media and other relevant commentators as the best players in a particular sport , of a specific season , for each team position . Such athletes at the high school and college level are given the honorific title and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' or simply `` All-Americans '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1efae664be86d82a7532e7855c34a21a", "text": "Road to the Kentucky Derby The Road to the Kentucky Derby is a points system by which horses qualify for a position in the starting gate in the Kentucky Derby . It features around 35 stakes races for 2 and 3-year-old Thoroughbreds -- the number and specific races have changed slightly over the years . The point system replaces the previous qualifying system which looked at earnings from graded stakes races worldwide . The series is divided into two phases , the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and the Kentucky Derby Championship Series . The prep season consists of early races on dirt or synthetic surfaces over distances of at least one mile that typically are run between late September and late February . Points are awarded to the top 4 finishers in each race on a 10-4-2-1 scale , except for the Breeders ' Cup Juvenile , which is awarded points on a 20-8-4-2 scale . The championship season consists of two legs and a `` wild card '' round . The first leg includes minor prep races , usually Grade II , with a 50-20-10-5 scale . The second leg includes major prep races , usually Grade I , with a 100-40-20-10 scale . The `` wild card '' consists of one race and has a 10-4-2-1 scale . The top 19 point earners are entitled to a position in the starting gate in the Derby ( the actual post position is determined later , by random draw ) . If any of the top 19 ( or the 20th position offered to a horse from Japan ) does not enter the Derby , their position is given to the next ranked horses on the list . Up to 24 horses may enter the race , with the bottom four point-earners listed as `` also eligible '' . If any of the top 20 is scratched after entries are taken but before betting begins , the next ranked horse on the also eligible list will be eligible to run . If two or more horses have the same number of points , the tiebreaker to get into the race will be earnings in non-restricted stakes races , whether or not they are graded . In the event of a tie , those horses will divide equally the points they would have received jointly had one beaten the other . If an owner wants a filly to run in the race , she will have to earn points in the same races as the colts and geldings -- points earned of the Road to the Kentucky Oaks are not transferable to the Derby . Horses listed as `` also eligible '' are not allowed to participate in the race once wagering is opened .", "title": "" } ]	fever
aec585dd458a71077ccfffb13a359dda	Slovakia is a warship.	[ { "docid": "4879021870acd18ac81bc01bfa6eb6c8", "text": "Council of Europe The Council of Europe ( CoE ; Conseil de l'Europe ) is an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights , democracy , rule of law in Europe and promote European culture . Founded in 1949 , it has 47 member states , covers approximately 820 million people and operates with an annual budget of approximately half a billion euros . The organisation is distinct from the 28-nation European Union ( EU ) , although it is sometimes confused with it , partly because the EU has adopted the original European Flag which was created by the Council of Europe in 1955 , as well as the European Anthem . No country has ever joined the EU without first belonging to the Council of Europe . Council of Europe is an official United Nations Observer . Unlike the EU , the Council of Europe can not make binding laws , but it does have the power to enforce select international agreements reached by European states on various topics . The best known body of the Council of Europe is the European Court of Human Rights , which enforces the European Convention on Human Rights . The Council 's two statutory bodies are the Committee of Ministers , comprising the foreign ministers of each member state , and the Parliamentary Assembly , composed of members of the national parliaments of each member state . The Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent institution within the Council of Europe , mandated to promote awareness of and respect for human rights in the member states . The Secretary General heads the secretariat of the organisation . Other major CoE bodies include the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines . The headquarters of the Council of Europe are in Strasbourg , France . English and French are its two official languages . The Committee of Ministers , the Parliamentary Assembly and the Congress also use German , Italian , Russian , and Turkish for some of their work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93dd4ea40728d0ce6b048357dc48a8a0", "text": "Satellite state The term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world , but under heavy political , economic and military influence or control from another country . The term was coined by analogy to planetary objects orbiting a larger object , such as smaller moons revolving around larger planets , and is used mainly to refer to Central and Eastern European countries of the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War or to Mongolia between 1924 and 1990 , for example . As used for Central and Eastern European countries it implies that the countries in question were `` satellites '' under the hegemony of the Soviet Union . In some contexts it also refers to other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence during the Cold War -- such as North Korea ( especially in the years surrounding the Korean War of 1950 -- 1953 ) and Cuba ( particularly after it joined the Comecon in 1972 ) . In Western usage , the term has seldom been applied to states other than those in the Soviet orbit . In Soviet usage , the term applied to the states in the orbit of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy . The Oxford English Dictionary traces the use of the phrase satellite state in English back at least as far as 1916 . In times of war or political tension , satellite states sometimes serve as buffers between an enemy country and the nation exerting control over the satellites . `` Satellite state '' is one of several contentious terms used to describe the ( alleged ) subordination of one state to another . Other such terms include puppet state and neo-colony . In general , the term `` satellite state '' implies deep ideological and military allegiance to the hegemonic power , whereas `` puppet state '' implies political and military dependence , and `` neo-colony '' implies ( often abject ) economic dependence . Depending on which aspect of dependence is being emphasised , a state may fall into more than one category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea357c2bc5d63767ba811eb96879290", "text": "Official language An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country , state , or other jurisdiction . Typically a country 's official language refers to the language used within government ( e.g. , courts , parliament , administration ) . Since `` the means of expression of a people can not be changed by any law '' , the term `` official language '' does not typically refer to the language used by a people or country , but by its government . Worldwide , 178 countries have at least one official language , and 101 of these countries recognise more than one language . Many of the world 's constitutions mention one or more official or national languages . Some countries use the official language designation to empower indigenous groups by giving them access to the government in their native languages . In countries that do not formally designate an official language , a de facto national language usually evolves . English is the most common official language , with recognized status in 51 countries . Arabic , French , and Spanish are also widely recognized . An official language that is also an indigenous language is called endoglossic , one that is not indigenous is exoglossic . An instance is Nigeria which has three endoglossic official languages . By this the country aims to protect the indigenous languages although at the same time recognising the English language as its lingua franca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "284e374ecda6f52ac834325f6a18ca17", "text": "Democracy Index The Democracy Index is an index compiled by the UK-based Economist Intelligence Unit that measures the state of democracy in 167 countries , of which 166 are sovereign states and 165 are UN member states . The index was first produced in 2006 , with updates for 2008 , 2010 and the following years since then . The index is based on 60 indicators grouped in five different categories measuring pluralism , civil liberties , and political culture . In addition to a numeric score and a ranking , the index categorizes countries as one of four regime types : full democracies , flawed democracies , hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "433bb666e37d171929035790adb8abe5", "text": "Slovakia Slovakia ( listen ) , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . Slovakia 's territory spans about 49000 km2 and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak . The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . In the 7th century , they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra . In the 10th century , the territory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary , which itself became part of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Slovaks and Czechs established Czechoslovakia . A separate ( First ) Slovak Republic ( 1939 -- 1945 ) existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany . In 1945 , Czechoslovakia was re-established under Communist rule as a Soviet satellite . In 1989 the Velvet Revolution ended authoritarian Communist rule in Czechoslovakia . Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia , sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce . Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system . Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care , free education and one of the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union . The car industry represents 43 % of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08419b6dbdb5bcbcfe06c7a44fbf4ed6", "text": "Bratislava Bratislava ( -LSB- ˌbrætᵻˈslɑːvə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌbrɑː - -RSB- -LSB- ˈbracislaʋa -RSB- ; also known by other names ) is the capital of Slovakia , and with a population of about 450,000 , the country 's largest city . The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650,000 people . Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia , occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava . Bordering Austria and Hungary , it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states . The history of the city has been strongly influenced by people of different nations and religions , namely by Austrians , Croats , Czechs , Germans , Hungarians , Jews , Serbs and Slovaks ( in alphabetical order ) . The city served as the coronation site and legislative center of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1536 to 1783 , and has been home to many Slovak , Hungarian and German historical figures . Bratislava is the political , cultural and economic centre of Slovakia . It is the seat of the Slovak president , the parliament and the Slovak Executive . It is home to several universities , museums , theatres , galleries and other important cultural and educational institutions . Many of Slovakia 's large businesses and financial institutions also have headquarters there . The capital of Slovakia is the eighth best city for freelancers to live in , mostly because of fast internet and the low taxes . In 2017 , Bratislava was ranked as the third richest region of the European Union by GDP ( PPP ) per capita ( after Hamburg and Luxembourg City ) . GDP at purchasing power parity is about three times higher than in other Slovak regions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d3a17e27b7173ad379a13411d2d966", "text": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) ( Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques , OCDE ) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries , founded in 1960 to stimulate economic progress and world trade . It is a forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy , providing a platform to compare policy experiences , seeking answers to common problems , identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members . Most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index ( HDI ) and are regarded as developed countries . OECD is an official United Nations Observer . In 1948 , the OECD originated as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation ( OEEC ) , led by Robert Marjolin of France , to help administer the Marshall Plan ( which was rejected by the Soviet Union and its satellite states ) . This would be achieved by allocating American financial aid and implementing economic programs for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II . ( Similar reconstruction aid was sent to the war-torn Republic of China and post-war Korea , but not under the name `` Marshall Plan '' . ) In 1961 , the OEEC was reformed into the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development by the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and membership was extended to non-European states . The OECD 's headquarters are at the Château de la Muette in Paris , France . The OECD is funded by contributions from member states at varying rates , and had a total budget of EUR 363 million in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "352d300869f61a43056ccd4f5d316e53", "text": "Eurozone The eurozone , officially called the euro area , is a monetary union of 19 of the 28 European Union ( EU ) member states which have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender . The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem . The other nine members of the European Union continue to use their own national currencies , although most of them are obliged to adopt the euro in future . The eurozone consists of Austria , Belgium , Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . Other EU states ( except for Denmark and the United Kingdom ) are obliged to join once they meet the criteria to do so . No state has left , and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled . Andorra , Monaco , San Marino , and Vatican City have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their official currency and issue their own coins . Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally , but these countries do not officially form part of the eurozone and do not have representation in the European Central Bank ( ECB ) or in the Eurogroup . The ECB , which is governed by a president and a board of the heads of national central banks , sets the monetary policy of the zone . The principal task of the ECB is to keep inflation under control . Though there is no common representation , governance or fiscal policy for the currency union , some co-operation does take place through the Eurogroup , which makes political decisions regarding the eurozone and the euro . The Eurogroup is composed of the finance ministers of eurozone states , but in emergencies , national leaders also form the Eurogroup . Since the financial crisis of 2007 -- 08 , the eurozone has established and used provisions for granting emergency loans to member states in return for the enactment of economic reforms . The eurozone has also enacted some limited fiscal integration , for example in peer review of each other 's national budgets . The issue is political and in a state of flux in terms of what further provisions will be agreed for eurozone change .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dca01021ecd95095edc047e14e53b586", "text": "Social security Social security is a concept enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , which states : Everyone , as a member of society , has the right to social security and is entitled to realization , through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State , of the economic , social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality . In simple terms , the signatories agree that society in which a person lives should help them to develop and to make the most of all the advantages ( culture , work , social welfare ) which are offered to them in the country . Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to sufficient resources for food and shelter and to promote health and well-being for the population at large and potentially vulnerable segments such as children , the elderly , the sick and the unemployed . Services providing social security are often called social services . Terminology in this area in the United States is somewhat different from in the rest of the English-speaking world . The general term for an action program in support of the well being of the population in the United States is welfare program and the general term for all such programs is simply welfare . In American society , the term welfare arguably has negative connotations . The term Social Security , in the United States , refers to a specific social insurance program for the retired and the disabled . Elsewhere the term is used in a much broader sense , referring to the economic security society offers when people are faced with certain risks . In its 1952 Social Security ( Minimum Standards ) Convention ( nr . 102 ) , the International Labour Organization ( ILO ) defined the traditional contingencies covered by social security as including : Survival beyond a prescribed age , to be covered by old age pensions ; The loss of support suffered by a widowed person or child as the result of the death of the breadwinner ( survivor 's benefit ) ; Responsibility for the maintenance of children ( family benefit ) ; The treatment of any morbid condition ( including pregnancy ) , whatever its cause ( medical care ) ; A suspension of earnings due to pregnancy and confinement and their consequences ( maternity benefit ) ; A suspension of earnings due to an inability to obtain suitable employment for protected persons who are capable of , and available for , work ( unemployment benefits ) ; A suspension of earnings due to an incapacity for work resulting from a morbid condition ( sickness leave benefit ) ; A permanent or persistent inability to engage in any gainful activity ( disability benefits ) ; The costs and losses involved in medical care , sickness leave , invalidity and death of the breadwinner due to an occupational accident or disease ( employment injuries ) . People who can not reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for social assistance ( or welfare , in American English ) . Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow . In their view , social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers , but also aims at security of work , health , and social participation ; and new social risks ( single parenthood , the reconciliation of work and family life ) should be included in the list as well . Social security may refer to : social insurance , where people receive benefits or services in recognition of contributions to an insurance program . These services typically include provision for retirement pensions , disability insurance , survivor benefits and unemployment insurance . services provided by government or designated agencies responsible for social security provision . In different countries , that may include medical care , financial support during unemployment , sickness , or retirement , health and safety at work , aspects of social work and even industrial relations . basic security irrespective of participation in specific insurance programs where eligibility may otherwise be an issue . For instance , assistance given to newly arrived refugees for basic necessities such as food , clothing , housing , education , money , and medical care . A report published by the ILO in 2014 estimated that only 27 % of the world 's population has access to comprehensive social security .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f4e4d4638cfcb1bd9ae1caf63709f50", "text": "Developed country A developed country , industrialized country , more developed country , or `` more economically developed country '' ( MEDC ) , is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations . Most commonly , the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product ( GDP ) , gross national product ( GNP ) , the per capita income , level of industrialization , amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living . Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate . Developed countries have post-industrial economies , meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector . They are contrasted with developing countries , which are in the process of industrialization , or undeveloped countries , which are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian . As of 2015 , advanced economies comprise 60.8 % of global GDP based on nominal values and 42.9 % of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity ( PPP ) according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2015 , the ten largest advanced economies by GDP in both nominal and PPP terms were Australia , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Spain , the United Kingdom , and the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f616f128de6147772276961c594865c2", "text": "Velvet Revolution The Velvet Revolution ( sametová revoluce ) or Gentle Revolution ( nežná revolúcia ) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia , occurring from November 17 to December 29 , 1989 . Popular demonstrations against the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia combined students and older dissidents . The result was the end of 41 years of one-party rule in Czechoslovakia , and the subsequent dismantling of the planned economy and conversion to a parliamentary republic . On November 17 , 1989 ( International Students ' Day ) , riot police suppressed a student demonstration in Prague . That event sparked a series of demonstrations from November 19 to late December . By November 20 , the number of protesters assembled in Prague grew from 200,000 the previous day to an estimated 500,000 . A two-hour general strike involving all citizens of Czechoslovakia was held on November 27 . On November 24 , the entire top leadership of the Communist Party , including General Secretary Miloš Jakeš , resigned . In response to the collapse of other Warsaw Pact governments and the increasing street protests , the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia announced on November 28 that it would relinquish power and dismantle the one-party state . Two days later , the legislature formally deleted the sections of the Constitution giving the Communists a monopoly of power . Barbed wire and other obstructions were removed from the border with West Germany and Austria in early December . On December 10 , President Gustáv Husák appointed the first largely non-communist government in Czechoslovakia since 1948 , and resigned . Alexander Dubček was elected speaker of the federal parliament on December 28 and Václav Havel the President of Czechoslovakia on December 29 , 1989 . In June 1990 , Czechoslovakia held its first democratic elections since 1946 . The term Velvet Revolution was coined by Rita Klímová , the dissidents ' English translator who later became the ambassador to the United States . The term was used internationally to describe the revolution , although the Czechs also used the term internally . After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 , Slovakia used the term Gentle Revolution , the term that Slovaks used for the revolution from the beginning . The Czech Republic continues to refer to the event as the Velvet Revolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e0a28175cffafa82de58b14c8709daf", "text": "Austria Austria ( listen ) , is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north , Hungary and Slovakia to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The territory of Austria covers 83879 km2 . The terrain is highly mountainous , lying within the Alps ; only 32 % of the country is below 500 m , and its highest point is 3798 m . The majority of the population speaks local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language , and Austrian German in its standard form is the country 's official language . Other local official languages are Hungarian , Burgenland Croatian , and Slovene . The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty , when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire . From the time of the Reformation , many northern German princes , resenting the authority of the Emperor , used Protestantism as a flag of rebellion . The Thirty Years War , the influence of the Kingdom of Sweden and Kingdom of France , the rise of the Kingdom of Prussia , and the Napoleonic invasions all weakened the power of the Emperor in the north of Germany , but in the south , and in non-German areas of the Empire , the Emperor and Catholicism maintained control . During the 17th and 18th centuries , Austria retained its position as one of the great powers of Europe and , in response to the coronation of Napoleon as the Emperor of the French , the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804 . Following Napoleon 's defeat , Prussia emerged as Austria 's chief competitor for rule of a greater Germany . Austria 's defeat by Prussia at the Battle of Königgrätz , during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , cleared the way for Prussia to assert control over the rest of Germany . In 1867 , the empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary . After the defeat of France in the 1870-1 Franco-Prussian War , Austria was excluded from the new German Empire , although in the following decades , its politics , and its foreign policy , increasingly converged with those of the Prussian-led Empire . During the 1914 July Crisis that followed the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28 , Austria-Hungary , emboldened by a pledge of German support , on July 28 declared war on Serbia because that country had not fully complied with an Austrian ultimatum . Austria was thus the first to go to war in the July Crisis , which would ultimately escalate into World War I. After the collapse of the Habsburg ( Austro-Hungarian ) Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I , Austria adopted and used the name the Republic of German-Austria ( Deutschösterreich ) , later changed to Österreich , in an attempt at union with Germany , but this was forbidden under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye ( 1919 ) . The First Austrian Republic was established in 1919 . In 1938 Nazi Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss . This lasted until the end of World War II in 1945 , after which Germany was occupied by the Allies and Austria 's former democratic constitution was restored . In 1955 , the Austrian State Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state , ending the occupation . In the same year , the Austrian Parliament created the Declaration of Neutrality which declared that the Second Austrian Republic would become permanently neutral . Today , Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states . The capital and largest city , with a population exceeding 1.7 million , is Vienna . Other major urban areas of Austria include Graz , Linz , Salzburg and Innsbruck . Austria is one of the richest countries in the world , with a nominal per capita GDP of $ 43,724 . The country has developed a high standard of living and in 2014 was ranked 21st in the world for its Human Development Index . Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 , joined the European Union in 1995 , and is a founder of the OECD . Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995 , and adopted the euro currency in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9423f6cd12bc1ae0611f2d908ce673d1", "text": "Euro The euro ( sign : $ ; code : EUR ) is the official currency of the eurozone , which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union : Austria , Belgium , Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries , as well as unilaterally by two others , and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe , a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency . Additionally , 210 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to the euro . The euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar . , with more than $ 1,109,000,000,000 in circulation , the euro has one of the highest combined values of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world , having surpassed the U.S. dollar at one point. : Total EUR currency ( coins and banknotes ) in circulation 771.5 ( banknotes ) + 21.032 ( coins ) = 792.53 billion EUR * 1.48 ( exchange rate ) = 1,080 billion USD Total USD currency ( coins and banknotes ) in circulation 859 billion USD The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid . The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999 , replacing the former European Currency Unit ( ECU ) at a ratio of 1:1 ( US$ 1.1743 ) . Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002 , making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members , and by May 2002 had completely replaced the former currencies . While the euro dropped subsequently to US$ 0.8252 within two years ( 26 October 2000 ) , it has traded above the U.S. dollar since the end of 2002 , peaking at US$ 1.6038 on 18 July 2008 . Since late 2009 , the euro has been immersed in the European sovereign-debt crisis which has led to the creation of the European Financial Stability Facility as well as other reforms aimed at stabilising the currency . In July 2012 , the euro fell below US$ 1.21 for the first time in two years , following concerns raised over Greek debt and Spain 's troubled banking sector . As of April 2017 , the euro -- dollar exchange rate stands at ~ US$ 1.06 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f39f85caa36d7894691658c458db5a2", "text": "List of countries by real GDP growth rate This article includes a list of countries in the world sorted by their `` real '' ( purchasing power parity ) gross domestic product ( GDP ) growth rate , the rate of growth of the value of all final goods and services produced within a state in a given year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b5567ecdce5fa2c211f9ec2694fb97", "text": "European Union The European Union ( EU ) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe . It has an area of 4,475,757 km2 , and an estimated population of over 510 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services , and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs , and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries , and regional development . Within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC ) and the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958 , respectively . Next the treaty of Rome of 1957 created the European Community made up of the six core countries of Belgium , France , Italy , Luxembourg , the Netherlands and West Germany . The decades following many new members joined them while at the same time integration of economic , cultural , judicial and so forth would then deepen the relationships distinct European entity . The community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit . While no member state has left the EU or its antecedent organisations , the United Kingdom enacted the result of a membership referendum in June 2016 and is currently negotiating its withdrawal . The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union in 1993 and introduced European citizenship . The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU , the Treaty of Lisbon , came into force in 2009 . The European Union accumulated a high portion of GDP as a form of foreign aid than any other economic union . Covering 7.3 % of the world population , the EU in 2016 generated a nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) of 16.477 trillion US dollars , constituting approximately 22.2 % of global nominal GDP and 16.9 % when measured in terms of purchasing power parity . Additionally , 27 out of 28 EU countries have a very high Human Development Index , according to the United Nations Development Programme . In 2012 , the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize . Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy , the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence . The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations , the World Trade Organization , the G7 , and the G20 . Because of its global influence , the European Union has been described as an emerging superpower .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e07580f55f4ff65c44458381a989360e", "text": "Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia -LSB- ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə , _ - kə - , _ - slə - , _ - ˈvɑː - -RSB- ( Czech and Československo , Česko-Slovensko ) was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 , when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire , until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993 . From 1939 to 1945 , following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany , the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate . From 1948 to 1990 , Czechoslovakia was part of the Soviet bloc with a command economy . Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 , and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955 . A period of political liberalization in 1968 , known as the Prague Spring , was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union , assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries , invaded . In 1989 , as Marxist -- Leninist governments and communism were ending all over Europe , Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution ; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation . In 1993 , Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d29ee8d6271670f0ae4d317dab5b5527", "text": "Walls of Dubrovnik The Walls of Dubrovnik ( Dubrovačke gradske zidine ) are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the citizens of the afterward proclaimed maritime city-state of Dubrovnik ( Ragusa ) , situated in southern Croatia , since the city 's founding prior to the 7th century as a Byzantium castrum on a rocky island named Laus ( Ragusia or Lave ) . '' ... city 's founding before the 7th century as a Byzantine castrum on a rocky island named Laus ... '' The 7th century recorded by Constantine Porphyrogenitus as city 's founding was probably the last act of peoples movement to Ragusia settlement , hurried by Slavs migration into these areas . With numerous additions and modifications throughout their history , they have been considered to be amongst the great fortification systems of the Middle Ages , as they were never breached by a hostile army during this time period . In 1979 , the old city of Dubrovnik , which includes a substantial portion of the old walls of Dubrovnik , joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The oldest systems of fortifications around the town were likely wooden palisades . Today 's intact city walls , constructed mainly during the 12th -- 17th centuries , mostly a double line , have long been a source of pride for Dubrovnik . The walls run an uninterrupted course of approximately 1940 m in length , encircling most of the old city , and reach a maximum height of about 25 m . The bulk of the existing walls and fortifications were constructed during the 14th and 15th centuries , but were continually extended and strengthened up until the 17th century . This complex structure , amongst the largest and most complete in Europe , protected the freedom and safety of a `` civilised '' and `` sophisticated '' republic that flourished in peace and prosperity for some five centuries . '' ... , protected the freedom and safety of a `` civilised '' and `` sophisticated '' republic that flourished in peace and prosperity for five centuries . '' This sentence refers to the time of the Republic of Ragusa from 1358 to 1808 . However , walls protected the city of Dubrovnik , before and after that particular time period . The walls were reinforced by three circular and 14 quadrangular towers , five bastions ( bulwarks ) , two angular fortifications and the large St. John 's Fortress . Land walls were additionally reinforced by one larger bastion and nine smaller semicircular ones , like the casemate Fort Bokar , the oldest preserved fort of that kind in Europe . The moat that ran around the outside section of the city walls , which were armed by more than 120 cannons , provided superb city defense capabilities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f1ff63670e09f0133d9388a6a652e8", "text": "War Victory Cross The War Victory Cross order was a medal introduced by the Slovak Republic . The order was issued to Slovakian military personnel who had been in the armed forces for a minimum of 4 years . A total of 3,769 awards of all classes were made ; of which 437 were to members of the German armed forces and 142 to those of Romania . The Order is rare in all classes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "549267188093a6b6504c41bf834ce340", "text": "National Council (Slovakia) The National Council ( Národná rada ) , abbreviated to NR SR , is the national parliament of Slovakia . It is unicameral , and consists of 150 members , who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation with seats distributed via Hagenbach-Bischoff quota every four years . Slovakia 's parliament has been called the ` National Council ' since 1 October 1992 . From 1969 to 1992 , its predecessor , the parliament of the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia , was called the Slovak National Council ( Slovenská národná rada ) . The National Council approves domestic legislation , constitutional laws , and the annual budget . Its consent is required to ratify international treaties , and is responsible for approving military operations . It also elects individuals to some positions in the executive and judiciary as specified by law . The parliament building is situated on the castle hill , next to Bratislava Castle in Alexander Dubček Square .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b597f43cf0f3cf7c084d002540233d5", "text": "Slovak Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic number 15,996 uniformed personnel and 3,761 civilians . Slovakia joined NATO on 29 March 2004 . From 2006 the army transformed into a fully professional organization and compulsory military service was abolished .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4acf50ebb434f3313cddbd4352897ceb", "text": "History of Slovakia This article discusses the history of the territory of Slovakia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1004a53c63d746bb3fc86073ca35f1cb", "text": "Slovak National Theater The Slovak National Theater ( Slovenské národné divadlo , abbr . SND ) denotes : the oldest Slovak professional theater consisting of 3 ensembles ( opera , ballet and drama ) a Neo-Renaissance theater building in the Old Town of Bratislava , Slovakia , which formerly housed two of the theater 's ensembles ( opera and ballet , drama was based elsewhere ) , and the theater 's large modern theater building in Bratislava near the Danube , which opened on 14 April 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7f84cd2501b27a1b384437d0672634b", "text": "List of ships of the Royal Yugoslav Navy The Navy of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( from 1929 , the Royal Yugoslav Navy , Kraljevska Jugoslavenska Ratna Mornarica , Кpaљeвcкa Југословенска Pатна Морнарица ; KJRM ) included a wide range of vessels during its existence from 1920 to 1945 . This list includes all sea-going warships ranging from a light cruiser down to motor torpedo boats ( MTBs ) , and also includes river monitors that operated on the Danube and other rivers . Large auxiliary vessels such as submarine tenders and tankers are included , but hulks , tugs and smaller auxiliary craft are not . The KJRM was formed in 1920 , but it was not until March 1921 that a number of former Austro-Hungarian vessels were transferred , some of which were already obsolete . The only modern seagoing warships transferred were twelve torpedo boats . Little was done to improve the fleet during the 1920s , but fleet modernisation was underway from the early 1930s , with a British-made flotilla leader followed by a class of modern French-designed destroyers and German-built MTBs . Almost all of the fleet was captured by the Axis powers during the April 1941 invasion of Yugoslavia , but a few vessels escaped to form the KJRM-in-exile , which operated under British supervision . Later in the war , several vessels that had been in Italian service were returned to the KJRM-in-exile , and these were joined by a British corvette and a number of US Patrol Torpedo boats . At the end of the war , these vessels were transferred to the fledgling Yugoslav Navy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb693fcb1ce0c0415e6b4083a282756", "text": "Political status of Crimea The status of Crimea is the subject of a political and territorial dispute between Ukraine and Russia . While Russia occupied the territory in 2014 and claimed it had ` fully integrated ' it by July 2015 , and continues to administer it as two federal subjects of Russia , while Ukraine and the majority of international governments ( with a few exceptions ) continue to regard Crimea as an integral part of Ukraine . The dispute came into being after the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol against Ukrainian laws merged as a single united state under the name of Republic of Crimea and then , following a snap disputed referendum on joining Russia ( that official results showed backed the proposal ) , unilaterally declared their independence from Ukraine while the region was under military occupation by Russia itself . This state was then annexed by Russia , where it became a self-proclaimed federal district , whereas the Autonomous Republic became the `` Republic of Crimea '' as a Russian republic and Sevastopol became a Russian federal city . However , Ukraine and the majority of the international community do not consider the merge , the independence , the referendum , nor the annexation legitimate and still consider both entities as divisions of Ukraine . Despite international opinion however , the currency , tax and legal system are all operational under Russian jurisdiction . Ukraine has there applied for multiple litigations through international crime , water resources , the European Union and other courts . In 1920 , immediately after the RSFSR recognized the independence of the Ukrainian SSR ( The `` Workers ' and Peasants Union Treaty between the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic '' signed 28 December 1920 ) , the responsibility for all Crimean administration was reassigned directly to the Kremlin . In 1994 Russia signed the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances , which states that it would `` Respect Belarusian , Kazakh and Ukrainian independence and sovereignty and the existing borders '' . A detailed status of Crimea at that time was not described nor mentioned in the Budapest Memorandum , nor was a map of the existing borders of Ukraine included in the Memorandum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01433296443e965f833f980736e2a0cb", "text": "JW Formoza Jednostka Wojskowa Formoza , ( en . Military Unit Formoza ) ( 2007-2011 Morska Jednostka Działań Specjalnych , MJDS ) ( en . Naval Special Operations Unit ) , other old names : Sekcje Działań Specjalnych Marynarki Wojennej ( Polish Navy Special Operations Sections ) , Grupy Specjalne Płetwonurków ( Special Frogmen Groups ) . JWF is now part of Wojska Specjalne ( 1975-2008 - part of the Polish Navy ) . The Formoza was founded in 1975 . Its first commanding officer was ( now a retired ) certified commander , kmdr por . dypl . Józef Rembisz . In 1974 , a research team dealing with matters related to naval frogmen was created . The team was to draw up a concept for the organisation and formation of a special division of naval frogmen . The unit was originally intended to comprise three sections of frogmen , a technical section , section and management . But it was necessary to change this premise ; a frogman could not go under the water without a safety leash . It was found possible to omit this regulation . A basic team now consists of a pair formed to safeguard each other , three pairs create a special group , five groups -- a section . At the very beginning , conscripted soldiers served in the unit , nowadays the unit is entirely professional , which has increased its operating effectiveness . A three-year training system was preserved , for instance , during the first year , mainly shooting , swimming long distances , driving vehicles and foreign languages are practiced . In September 1987 , the unit changed its name to Special Operations Department and the Special Naval Frogman Groups were created in 1990 . The unit has formidable striking power , two frogmen may sink or take control of an enemy 's ship , several of them may block even a large group of ships . The current official name Formoza comes from a Polish Navy seamen nickname of unit 's training base `` Formoza '' ( from relation between mainland , coast and island like PRC and ROC Taiwan - Formosa ) - a former WW2 German torpedo test platform , 500 m away from coast in Gdynia Naval Harbour ( Formoza means Formosa in Polish ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4f02f67723fc27d880e5355a780feed", "text": "List of companies of Slovakia Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak . Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's biggest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone . The car industry represents 43 percent of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Slovakia '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a651ce1c0695f6fc4e89a05e7927b20f", "text": "Great Moravia Great Moravia ( regnum Marahensium , Μεγάλη Μοραβία -- megale Moravia , Velká Morava , Veľká Morava , Wielka Morawia ) , the Great Moravian Empire , ( historiographical terms -- original formal name is unknown ) or simply Moravia , was the first major state that was predominantly Slavonic to emerge in the area of Central Europe . Its core territories were located on the Morava river which gave its name to the kingdom . `` Morava '' in both Czech and Slovak refers to both the river and the land of Moravia - the medieval Margraviate of Moravia , which is now the eastern part of the Czech Republic . The river Morava flows south through the whole of Moravia , later forming the present-day border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia before finally becoming the border between Slovakia and Austria ( where it is called the March in German ) . The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language . After the fall of Great Moravia , its core territory was gradually divided between the newly ascending Czech Kingdom ( Bohemia ) and Hungarian Kingdom : the frontier was originally settled on the Morava river ( the Czech Kingdom to its west , and Hungary - present-day Slovakia - to its east ) . However , from the 12th century , the Czech kings managed to gain more and more of the region on the eastern bank - eventually gaining the whole stretch of the eastern territory from Uherské Hradiště down to Strážnice , and this region retained its non-Czech identity in its designation `` Slovácko '' as an alternative dialectal for `` Slovakia '' . After this , the Czech-Hungarian border shifted east to the White Carpathians . The core region of Great Moravia along the Morava river , thus divided between the present-day Moravia and Slovakia , has retained a unique culture in the rich folklore tradition both on the western bank of the Morava ( including the southern Záluží region ) and the eastern bank - the Slovácko ( in Moravia ) and Záhorie ( in Slovakia ) . Záhorie also boasts the only surviving building from Great Moravian times - the chapel at Kopčany just across the Morava from the archaeological site of Mikulčice . The core of Great Moravia was established , according to legend , in the early 830s , when Prince Mojmír I ( -LSB- moimi : r -RSB- ) crossed the Morava and conquered the principality of Nitra ( present-day western Slovakia ) . The former principality of Nitra was used as the údelné kniežatsvo , or the territory given to , and ruled by , the successor to the throne , traditionally the nephew ( sister 's son ) of the ruling kъnendzь or Prince . The extent and location of Great Moravia are a subject of debate . Rival theories place the center of it either south of the river Danube ( the river Morava in Serbia ) or on the Great Hungarian Plain . The exact date when the Moravian state was founded is also disputed , but it probably occurred in the early 830s under Prince Mojmír I , ( r. 820s/830s -- 846 ) , who is the first known ruler of the united Moravia . Mojmír and his successor , Rastislav ( `` Rostislav '' in Czech ) , who ruled from 846 to 870 , initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs , but the Moravian fight for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s . Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svätopluk I , ( Svatopluk in Czech ) , who ruled from 870 to 894 , and who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources . Although the borders of his empire can not be exactly determined , he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions , including Bohemia , most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia , Hungary , Poland and Ukraine , for some periods of his reign . Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svätopluk 's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia , which was overrun by the Hungarians . The exact date of Moravia 's collapse is unknown , but it occurred between 902 and 907 . Moravia experienced significant cultural development under Prince Rastislav , with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius . Rastislav had asked the Byzantine emperor to send a `` teacher '' ( učitelja ) to introduce literacy and a legal system ( pravьda ) to Great Moravia . The brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing ( the Glagolitic alphabet ) and Slavonic liturgy , the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II . The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki . The language , termed Old Church Slavonic , was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian , and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian . Old Church Slavonic , therefore , differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia . Later , the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svätopluk I. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire , the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was superseded by Cyrillic . The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries , particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus ' , charting a new path in these Slavic nations ´ cultural development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e5a41aedcc51c01449f6f34e1205cdd", "text": "Rail transport in Slovakia Rail transport in Slovakia began on 21 September 1840 , with the opening of the first horse-powered line from Bratislava to Svätý Jur ( at that time in Kingdom of Hungary ) . The first steam-powered line , from Bratislava to Vienna , opened on 20 August 1848 . The modern Železnice Slovenskej republiky company was established in 1993 as a successor of the Československé státní drahy in Slovakia . Until 1996 it had formal monopoly on railroad transportation in the country , which remained a de facto monopoly until the advent of private operators entering the network in the early 2010s . Private passenger service operators include RegioJet , which operate trains between Prague ( Czech Republic ) and Košice , Žilina and Košice , Žilina and Bratislava and on the Komárno - Dunajská Streda - Bratislava route . There are plans to win more tenders in Slovakia . Since 2002 a law divided the company : ŽSR was left with infrastructure maintenance and passenger and cargo transport was moved into company '' Železničná spoločnosť , a. s. '' ( ZSSK ) . In 2005 this new company was further split into '' Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko , a. s. '' ( ZSSK ) providing Passenger transport services and '' Železničná spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia , a. s. '' ( ZSSK Cargo ) providing cargo services . Freight transport is operated by ZSCS and around 30 private companies . Slovakia is a member of the International Union of Railways ( UIC ) . The UIC Country Code for Slovakia is 56 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f4bdfc335795d3772684f5f379bfdfe", "text": "Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine The Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine was adopted on July 16 , 1990 by the recently elected parliament of Ukrainian SSR by a vote of 355 for and four against . The document decreed that Ukrainian SSR laws took over the laws of the USSR , and declared that the Ukrainian SSR would maintain its own army and its own national bank with the power to introduce its own currency . The declaration also proclaimed that the republic would be `` a permanently neutral state that does not participate in military blocs , '' and that it would not accept , nor produce and nor procure nuclear weapons . Shortly before Ukraine had done it other Soviet republics had also proclaimed their sovereignty ; these being Moldavia , Russia and Uzbekistan . The Declaration established the principles of Self-Determination of the Ukrainian Nation , Rule of the People , State Power , Citizenship of the Ukrainian SSR , Territorial Supremacy , Economic Independence , Environmental Safety , Cultural Development , External and Internal Security , and International Relations . Also on July 16 , 1990 parliament by a vote of 339 for and five against proclaimed July 16 a national holiday in Ukraine . And it created Ukrainian SSR citizenship while guaranteeing citizens the right to retain USSR citizenship , approving this by a vote of 296 for and 26 against .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76104988dfa3903352ef1b769198eced", "text": "St. Martin's Cathedral, Bratislava The St. Martin 's Cathedral ( Katedrála svätého Martina , Kathedrale des Heiligen Martin , Szent Márton-dóm or Koronázó templom ) is a church in Bratislava , Slovakia , and the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bratislava . It is situated at the western border of the historical city center below Bratislava Castle . It is the largest and one of the oldest churches in Bratislava , known especially for being the coronation church of the Kingdom of Hungary between 1563 and 1830 . Together with the castle on the hill adjacent , and somewhat similar in its striking but fairly stark Gothic lines and colouring , St Martin 's 85 m spire dominates Old Town 's skyline . The tower virtually formed a part of the town 's fortifications , built as it was into the city 's defensive walls . As with the castle , the surroundings of St Martin 's are as memorable as the structure itself . In the cathedral 's case , this includes the picturesque remains of outbuildings in a spacious staired courtyard , and a working seminary with robed adepts on a cobblestone side-street . A small but significant neighbour of the cathedral is a monument to the synagogue , which stood next door for centuries until the Communist government demolished it around 1970 to make room for a new Nový Most bridge . The cathedral contains the remains of Saint John the Merciful who died in the early 7th Century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a712da700038eb4772dbeb5c5a05e66", "text": "Slovak Socialist Republic From 1969 to 1990 , the Slovak Socialist Republic ( Slovenská socialistická republika in Slovak ; abbreviated SSR ) was the official name of that part of Czechoslovakia that is Slovakia today . The name was used from 1 January 1969 until March 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd3590e2d326826561a264e007b4bb3", "text": "Catholic Church in Slovakia The Roman Catholic Church in Slovakia or Latin Church in Slovakia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome . Around 62 % of the total population is Roman Catholic ( i.e. of Latin rite ) . The country is divided into 8 dioceses including 3 archdioceses . In Slovakia there is also a separate jurisdiction for those of the Byzantine Rite , see Slovak Greek Catholic Church . Slovakia is the third most Catholic Slavic country , after Poland and Croatia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ec0223d247240a52e53d808b0352e53", "text": "Komárno Komárno ( Komárom , colloquially Révkomárom , Öregkomárom , Észak-Komárom , Komorn , Komoran / Коморан ) is a town in Slovakia at the confluence of the Danube and the Váh rivers . Komárno was formed from part of a historical town in Hungary situated on both banks of the Danube . Following World War I and the Treaty of Trianon , the border of the newly created Czechoslovakia cut the historical , unified town in half , creating two new towns . The smaller part , based on the former suburb of Újszőny , is in present-day Hungary as Komárom ( the historical Hungarian town had the same name ) . Komárno and Komárom are connected by the Elisabeth Bridge , which used to be a border crossing between Slovakia and Hungary until border checks were lifted due to the Schengen Area rules . Komárno is Slovakia 's principal port on the Danube . It is also the center of the Hungarian community in Slovakia , which makes up roughly 60 % of the town 's population . The town is the historic seat of the Serbian national minority in Slovakia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa84ecb592f1304f07d22eabd871dd4d", "text": "Denmark–Slovakia relations Denmark -- Slovakia relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Slovakia . Denmark has an embassy in Bratislava . Slovakia has an embassy in Copenhagen . The relations between Denmark and Slovakia are described as good and friendly . Denmark has a trade office in Slovakia . Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO . On 4 September 2002 , a Memorandum Of Understanding between the two countries , were signed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ef3904315f53a88b4259444abfbe8ef", "text": "Transport in Slovakia Transport in Slovakia is possible by rail , road , air or rivers . Slovakia is a developed Central European country with a well-developed rail network ( 3,662 km ) and a highway system ( 225.25 km ) . Main international airport is the M. R. Štefánik Airport in the capital , Bratislava . Most important waterway is the river Danube used both by passenger , cargo and freight ships .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f6871bd043d2b4c004cc7375b74faa44	Delta Air Lines' headquarters are located in a state.	[ { "docid": "4cfe00f42f259a34cb12a9d55d21d57c", "text": "Atlanta Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia , with an estimated 2016 population of 472,522 . Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5,710,795 people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the United States . Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County , and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County . In 1837 , Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two railroad lines , and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce . In the decades following the Civil Rights Movement , the city earned a reputation as `` too busy to hate '' for the relatively progressive views of its citizens and leaders compared to other cities in the Deep South . Atlanta attained international prominence , and it became the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States , via highway , railroad , and air , with Hartsfield -- Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport since 1998 . Atlanta rated an `` alpha - '' world city that exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , research , technology , education , media , art , and entertainment . It ranks 40th among world cities and 8th in the nation with a gross domestic product of $ 270 billion . Atlanta 's economy is considered diverse , with dominant sectors that include logistics , professional and business services , media operations , and information technology . Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage . Revitalization of Atlanta 's neighborhoods , initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta , has intensified in the 21st century , altering the city 's demographics , politics , and culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7885920d27ee4b4a34b0cdc6abe00a7e", "text": "Delta Air Lines Delta Air Lines , Inc. ( `` Delta '' ; ) is a major American airline , with its headquarters and largest hub at Hartsfield -- Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta , Georgia . The airline along with its subsidiaries and regional affiliates operate over 5,400 flights daily and serve an extensive domestic and international network that includes 319 destinations in 54 countries on six continents , as of October 2016 . Delta is one of the four founding members of the SkyTeam airline alliance , and operates joint ventures with Air France-KLM , Alitalia , Korean Air , China Eastern Airlines , Virgin Atlantic , and Virgin Australia . Regional service is operated under the brand name Delta Connection . One of the five remaining legacy carriers , Delta is the sixth-oldest operating airline by foundation date , and the oldest airline still operating in the United States . The company 's history can be traced back to Huff Daland Dusters , founded in 1924 in Macon , Georgia as a crop dusting operation . The company moved to Monroe , Louisiana , and was later renamed Delta Air Services , in reference to the nearby Mississippi Delta region , and commenced passenger services on June 17 , 1929 . Among predecessors of today 's Delta Air Lines , Western Airlines and Northwest Airlines began flying passengers in 1926 and 1927 , respectively . In 2013 , Delta Air Lines was the world 's largest airline in terms of scheduled passengers carried ( 120.6 million ) , and the second-largest in terms of both revenue passenger-kilometers flown ( 277.6 billion ) and capacity ( 4.4 billion ASM/week ; March 2013 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "dd9074e88e7ccf946a7067bd18fe7072", "text": "Sitka Rocky Gutierrez Airport Sitka Rocky Gutierrez Airport is a state owned , public use airport located west of the central business district of Sitka , a city and borough in the U.S. state of Alaska that has no direct road access to the outside world , although it has car ferry access . The airport is named after Sitka 's former mayor Rocky Gutierrez . It features a single terminal with jetway with air service operated year round by Alaska Airlines and seasonally by Delta Air Lines regional affiliate Delta Connection operated by SkyWest Airlines . There is a single paved runway located on a causeway that juts off Japonski Island . Deceased tuberculosis patients from the nearby SEARHC/Mt . Edgecumbe Hospital were buried on airport grounds and had to be relocated during construction . That section of the airport is still unofficially called The Mausoleum . As per Federal Aviation Administration records , the airport had 68,197 passenger boardings ( enplanements ) in calendar year 2008 , 62,498 enplanements in 2009 , and 64,536 in 2010 . It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2015-2019 , which categorized it as a primary commercial service ( nonhub ) airport ( more than 10,000 enplanements per year ) based on 68,222 enplanements in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5841ad26b19833f72e2702d8222cccc", "text": "Emerald Air (United States) Emerald Air was an airline headquartered in Austin , Texas , United States . It was formerly known as Emerald Valley Airlines . Emerald Airlines ' brief history is marked by arrangements to feed connecting flights into both passenger airlines ( such as Continental Airlines and Pan Am ) and cargo airlines ( such as Purolator Courier ) much larger route systems . The airline also independently operated scheduled passenger flights within the state of Texas during the mid-1980s with Douglas DC-9-10 jet and Fairchild Hiller FH-227 turboprop aircraft and briefly served Wichita , Kansas and Omaha , Nebraska as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6439acd6f5c2519b49cdcfa2509235ba", "text": "Delaware River and Bay Authority The Delaware River and Bay Authority or DRBA is a bi-state government agency of the U.S. states of New Jersey and Delaware established by interstate compact in 1962 . The authority operates the Delaware Memorial twin suspension bridges , the Cape May-Lewes Ferry between Cape May , New Jersey and Lewes , Delaware , the Forts Ferry Crossing and the Salem County Business Center . The authority operates several aviation facilities in both New Jersey and Delaware , including Wilmington Airport , Cape May Airport , Millville Airport , Delaware Airpark and the Civil Air Terminal at Dover AFB . The Wilmington Airport is the largest air facility operated by the DRBA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21a63c81d6c09623b3be649847849e4c", "text": "Sugar Land Regional Airport Sugar Land Regional Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located in Sugar Land , Texas ( USA ) , 17 mi southwest of the central business district of Houston . It was formerly known as Sugar Land Municipal Airport and previously as Hull Field . The airport was purchased from a private interest in 1990 by the city of Sugar Land . As of 2009 it is the fourth-largest airport within the Houston -- Sugar Land -- Baytown metropolitan area and handles approximately 250 aircraft operations per day which includes corporate business jet and turboprop flights . The airport today serves the area 's general aviation ( GA ) aircraft serving corporate , governmental , and private clientele . A new 20000 sqft Terminal opened in 2006 with a 54 acre GA complex that includes 99 T-hangars nested in six buildings . The airport , the fourth largest airport in Greater Houston as of 2009 , receives yearly usage from over 100 Fortune 500 companies . TXP , Inc. released a report identifying the airport as `` foremost general reliever airport in the southwest sector '' and `` a catalyst for corporate commerce in the Greater Houston market including the Westchase District , Uptown , and Greenway Plaza . '' In terms of general aviation the airport serves as a reliever for William P. Hobby Airport in Houston . As of 2010 Sugar Land Regional is the third busiest airport in Greater Houston by amount of aircraft operations . The City of Houston maintains Cullinan Park , which occupies 750 acre of land directly north and west of the Sugar Land Regional Airport , blocking possibilities for expansion . In addition the airport is surrounded by Sugar Land homes , and there is a highway and rail road track directly south of the airport -- all factors that block airport expansion . The former Central Unit , a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for males , is in land zoned for airport expansion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aadc39e9af54eddc4510acc45110382", "text": "Seattle Air Route Traffic Control Center The Seattle Air Route Traffic Control Center ( or ZSE or Seattle Center or Seattle ARTCC ) is the area control center responsible for controlling and ensuring proper separation of IFR aircraft in Washington state , most of Oregon , and parts of Idaho , Montana , Nevada , and California , as well as the neighboring area into the Pacific Ocean . The control center is located at 3101 Auburn Way S , Auburn , Washington , which is 11.5 miles ( 18.5 km ) from SeaTac International , the only Class B airport served by the center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93ad6ca3bc84ed091027ad00db246472", "text": "Head of Passes Head of Passes is where the main stem of the Mississippi River branches off into three distinct directions at its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico : Southwest Pass ( west ) , Pass A Loutre ( east ) and South Pass ( centre ) . They are part of the `` Bird 's Foot Delta '' , the youngest lobe of the evolving Mississippi River Delta . Geographic coordinates The Head of Passes is considered to be the location of the mouth of the Mississippi River . The US Army Corps of Engineers maintains a 45-foot ( 13.7 m ) shipping channel from the mouth of Southwest Pass -- 20 miles ( 32 km ) downriver from the Head -- up to Baton Rouge , the US 's farthest inland deep-water port . The Mouth of Passes is the aggregate of the individual mouths of the passes connected to the Head of Passes , including the Southwest , South , North Passes and Pass a Loutre . While the majority of the discharge of the Mississippi River flows through these mouths , a portion of the river flows out of the Atchafalaya River mouth , and a small portion continues to seep out of the 200 miles ( 300 km ) of the Delta shoreline . During the American Civil War , Head of Passes was the site of several naval battles . The Anaconda Plan called for a large Union blockade of the Confederacy , and included plans to control the Mississippi River . This began in 1861 with a Union blockade stationed at the Head of Passes . This occupation resulted in the Battle of the Head of Passes , where the blockading forces were temporarily driven from the area . Ships involved in the ensuing conflict at the location include the CSS Manassas , the USS Vincennes , and the USS Richmond . Port Eads is located at the southern tip of South Pass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "277054cb47c193be8c67ef3734e4a559", "text": "Delta Connection Delta Connection is a regional airline brand name for Delta Air Lines , under which a number of individually owned regional airlines operate short - and medium-haul routes . Delta 's lone wholly owned regional airline , Endeavor Air , also resides under the Delta Connection banner . Mainline carriers often use regional airlines to operate services in order to increase frequency , serve routes that would not sustain larger aircraft , or for other competitive reasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4e2f5088443bce64b50bb405a983106", "text": "Little Rock, Arkansas Little Rock is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Arkansas . It is also the county seat of Pulaski County . It was incorporated on November 7 , 1831 , on the south bank of the Arkansas River close to the geographic center of the state . The city derives its name from a rock formation along the river , named `` le petit rocher '' by the French in the 1720s . The capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821 . The city 's population was 193,524 at the 2010 census . The six county Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway , AR Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) is ranked 75th in terms of population in the United States with 724,385 residents according to the 2013 estimate by the United States Census Bureau . Little Rock is a cultural , economic , government , and transportation center within Arkansas and the South . Several cultural institutions are located in Little Rock , such as the Arkansas Arts Center , the Arkansas Repertory Theatre , and the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra , in addition to the hiking , boating , and other outdoor recreational opportunities . Little Rock 's history is available through history museums , historic districts or neighborhoods like the Quapaw Quarter , and historic sites such as Little Rock Central High School . The city is the headquarters of Dillard 's , Windstream Communications , Acxiom , Stephens Inc. , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Heifer International , the Clinton Foundation , and the Rose Law Firm . Other large corporations , such as Dassault Falcon Jet and LM Wind Power have large operations in the city . State government is a large employer , with many offices being located in downtown Little Rock . Two Interstate highways , Interstate 30 and Interstate 40 , meet in Little Rock , with the Port of Little Rock serving as a shipping hub .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60716f3d1ed77bb423f452cc60e1ba58", "text": "Riverdale (Little Rock) Located adjacent to the Arkansas River , Riverdale is a neighborhood of Little Rock , Arkansas , situated in the north-central area of the city . It lies to the northeast and at a lower elevation from Pulaski Heights , and to the northwest of downtown . Riverdale contains a considerable amount of warehouses in the eastern part of the neighborhood , served by Union Pacific rail lines that travel through the area . The warehouse section is flanked on the east by the corporate headquarters of Dillard 's Department Stores , and is noted for a couple of larger gay nightclubs , Discovery and Triniti , as well as the landmark restaurant and bar , Cajun 's Wharf , one of many such businesses with a long presence in Little Rock . The neighborhood progresses westward toward shopping areas , office complexes , and upscale residential communities . Part of the lure to Riverdale in recent years for shoppers has been an increased emphasis on design-oriented businesses , with retailers offering antiques , ceramics , fine fabrics , plants and specialty lighting fixtures . Accompanying these shops is a popular mix of restaurants skewing toward Southern and Italian cuisine . Beyond shopping venues , soccer fields and corporate towers inch the neighborhood toward the riverfront . Regional headquarters for telecommunications providers Verizon Communications and Windstream Communications , as well as the non-profit service organization Winrock International , are among the companies whose executives broker deals here . A combination of gated communities , apartments and condominiums buffer the corporate corridor from Rebsamen Golf Course , the city 's largest public golf course , and Murray Park to the far west along Riverfront Drive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "660dc2d4326869fdecced3b01f6a4fe6", "text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport is a major international airport located in the neighborhood of Jamaica in the borough of Queens in New York City , United States , 12 mi southeast of Lower Manhattan . It is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America , the fifth busiest airport in the United States and the busiest airport in the New York City airport system , handling just under 59 million passengers in 2016 . Over ninety airlines operate out of the airport , with non-stop or direct flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents . The airport features six passenger terminals and four runways . It serves as a hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines and is the primary operating base for JetBlue Airways . In the past , JFK served as a hub for Eastern , National , Pan Am , and TWA . Opened as New York International Airport in 1948 , it was commonly known as Idlewild Airport before being renamed in 1963 in memory of John F. Kennedy , the 35th President of the United States , following his assassination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54bdb243ba9523be91f37506bdfd32dd", "text": "Delta, Missouri Delta is a city in Cape Girardeau County , Missouri , United States . The population was 438 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Cape Girardeau -- Jackson , MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce05d40a06501eed15b1bb7ba9d3b7c6", "text": "California Air National Guard The California Air National Guard ( CA ANG ) is the air force militia of the U.S. State of California . It is , along with the California Army National Guard , an element of the California National Guard . As state militia units , the units in the California Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command . They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of California through the office of the California Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States . The California Air National Guard is headquartered in Sacramento , and its commander is Major General Jon K. Kelk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea72c717eb1ffe9387477af82c5b3e33", "text": "Continental Airlines Flight 12 Continental Airlines Flight 12 , is a scheduled domestic passenger flight that on July 1 , 1965 was operated by a Boeing 707 jet liner , registration from Los Angeles International Airport to Chicago O'Hare International Airport with an intermediate at Kansas City Downtown Airport . After a routine flight the plane was making an approach on the instrument landing system for runway 18 . There was heavy rain and low visibility at the airport . The wind was reported from the East-northeast at 7 knots . At most airports this would normally mean an approach should be initiated from the other direction , runway 36 . Quality Hill , in downtown Kansas City overlooks the airport from this direction . It is so close to the end of the runway that aircraft have to go around it to land safely in good weather . This obstacle prevented the installation of an instrument landing system on this runway . It is normally considered safe to land opposite direction in these conditions but they would be landing with a slight tailwind . The flight landed at 5:29 a.m. CST 1,100 feet down the runway . Reverse thrusting and braking were initiated but did not slow the airplane as anticipated . It began to veer 30 ° left before it ran off the end of the runway . The right wing impacted a blast mound as the aircraft rolled over it , coming to rest in three pieces on the perimeter road between the mound and river levee . After an investigation , the cause of the accident was determined to be `` hydroplaning of the landing gear wheels , which precluded braking effectiveness . '' Although there were no fatalities in the accident , it highlighted a number of shortcomings with jet aircraft operations at Kansas City Downtown Airport . At 7,000 feet , runway 18-36 was barely long enough for Boeing 707 aircraft . The airport could not be expanded , as it was surrounded on three sides by the Missouri river and a rail yard on the east side . In 1972 airline operations were moved to Kansas City International Airport . Continental continued to use the `` Flight 12 '' designation on its Honolulu to Los Angeles routing . After its acquisition by United Airlines , the flight number was kept for its LAX-HNL routing but it is now used on an IAH-LGA routing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "165b555a603fe70aaeeb258e7894e583", "text": "Wright Air Service Wright Air Service is an American airline based in Fairbanks , Alaska , United States . It was established by Al Wright and started operations in 1967 . It is based at the Fairbanks International Airport . The president of the company is Robert Bursiel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4a9dd2a3eb5a36d8dee4614bcb56665", "text": "Delta High School Delta High School may refer to : Delta High School ( Alaska ) , a high school in Alaska , United States Delta High School ( Clarksburg , California ) , a high school in Clarksburg , California , United States Delta High School ( Muncie , Indiana ) , a high school in Muncie , Indiana , United States Delta High School ( Ohio ) , a high school in Delta , Ohio , United States Delta High School ( Utah ) , a high school in Delta , Utah , United States KIPP : Delta Collegiate High School , in Helena-West Helena , Arkansas , USA Delta Charter High School , Tracy , California , USA South Delta High School , Rolling Fork , Missippi , USA", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58dae6961819b0d0420fc0482a1e9584", "text": "Departure control system A Departure Control System ( DCS ) automates processing an airlines ' airport management operation . This includes managing the information required for airport check-in and printing boarding card , baggage acceptance , boarding , load control and aircraft checks . Today DCS mostly ( 98 % ) manage electronic tickets via interfaces from range of devices including check-in kiosks , online check-in , mobile boarding cards , and baggage handling . DCS are able to identify , capture and update reservations from an airlines Computer Reservation System for passengers stored in a so-called Passenger Name Record ( PNR ) . A DCS is used to update reservations , typically as checked-in , boarded , flown or another status . Additionally and increasingly a DCS for some city-pair sectors may also be connected with immigration control for visa , immigration and passenger no-fly watchlists . Historically systems developed in North America have incorporated DCS functions as part of the reservations systems with check-in being initiated directly from the PNR . Load control ( weight and balance ) is then provided by a standalone application . Systems developed by airlines outside North America have traditionally had a separate database for DCS , requiring passenger data to be transferred from the PNR into DCS records . These systems have an integrated weight and balance capability . So-called `` new generation '' DCSs are being developed and deployed by vendors such as Amadeus and SITA as part of the overall re-engineering of airline Passenger Services Systems . These new systems typically use a common database and a services oriented architecture that allows reservations , check-in and other services to maintain a consistent view of passenger information . Larger international airports will have a range of DCS or a single DCS which each particular airline carrier can integrate with for streamlined operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fe53c72d1c87bd93583f719e17b1847", "text": "Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center ( ZID ) , ( radio communications , `` Indianapolis Center '' ) is one of 22 established FAA Area Control Centers , and is physically located at 1850 South Sigsbee Street , Indianapolis , Indiana , ( United States ) . The primary responsibility of Indianapolis Center is sequencing and separation of over-flights , arrivals , and departures in order to provide safe , orderly , and expeditious flow of aircraft filed under instrument flight rules ( IFR ) . Indianapolis Center is the 12th busiest ARTCC in the United States . Between January 1 , 2012 and December 31 , 2012 , Indianapolis Center handled 1,922,383 aircraft operations . Indianapolis Center covers approximately 73,000 square miles of the Midwestern United States , including parts of Indiana , Illinois , Kentucky , Ohio , West Virginia , Virginia and Tennessee . Indianapolis Center lies adjacent to six Air Route Traffic Control Centers : Washington Air Route Traffic Control Center , Atlanta Air Route Traffic Control Center , Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Center , Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Center , Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center , and Chicago Air Route Traffic Control Center . ZID overlies or abuts many approach control facilities ( including Indianapolis , Louisville , Cincinnati , Dayton , Columbus , and Charleston ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a50df6459e3181b9c2f26a0eee70d73d", "text": "Ocean Conservancy Ocean Conservancy ( founded as The Delta Corporation ) is a nonprofit environmental advocacy group based in Washington , D.C. , United States . The organization helps formulate ocean policy at the federal and state government levels based on peer reviewed science . Ocean Conservancy is one of the few organizations that help protect wildlife in the ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "035c8b02bc64b8f8a3f5e02e27cde525", "text": "Aerosim Flight Academy The Aerosim Flight Academy , formerly the Delta Connection Academy , a former subsidiary of Delta Air Lines , is a flight school for prospective pilots wishing to enter a career as a commercial airline pilot . As of August 2 , 2010 , Delta Connection Academy changed names to Aerosim Flight Academy . It is headquartered in Sanford , Florida at the Orlando Sanford International Airport . The school has other campuses around the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f02c57080cb175dd9124581c81b5a44", "text": "Delta University Delta University may refer to : Delta State University , Cleveland , Mississippi , USA Delta State University , Abraka , Delta , Nigeria ; state government university Delta State Polytechnic , Delta , Nigeria ; a set of three public institutions East Delta University , Agrabad , Chittagong , Bangladesh Western Delta University , Oghara , Delta State , Nigeria Delta International University of New Orleans , Louisiana , USA", "title": "" } ]	fever
e7aeee0a1ffb830ac37bb7e0fee6e8c8	Unapologetic is an album.	[ { "docid": "64a6f3a27ecc2f0dc0ef5b6959936151", "text": "Unapologetic Unapologetic is the seventh studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna . It was released on November 19 , 2012 , by Def Jam Recordings and SRP Records . It was recorded between June and November 2012 , during promotion of her sixth album , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) . As executive producer , Rihanna enlisted previous collaborators The-Dream , David Guetta , Chase & Status , and StarGate to work alongside new collaborators such as Parker Ighile , Mike Will Made-It , and Labrinth . Unapologetic is mainly a pop , dubstep and R&B album that incorporates elements of hip hop , EDM and reggae in its production , similar to the sound of her previous albums Talk That Talk and Rated R ( 2009 ) . Unapologetic received generally mixed reviews from critics , with some reviewers describing its music as interesting , while others criticized its lyrical content and rushed nature . The album won a Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 2014 ceremony . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 238,000 copies , becoming Rihanna 's first number one album on the chart and best-selling debut week of her career . The album also became the singer 's third , fourth , and fifth consecutive number one album in the United Kingdom , Norway , and Switzerland , respectively . As of December 2014 , Unapologetic has sold over four million copies worldwide . The album produced seven singles including the international hits `` Diamonds '' and `` Stay '' . The former peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 where it became Rihanna 's twelfth number one song , tying her with Madonna and The Supremes for fourth most number one songs in the history of the chart . Prior to its release , Rihanna promoted the album with the 777 Tour which consisted of a seven-date promotional tour in which she performed seven concerts each in a different city in North America and Europe in seven days . To further promote Unapologetic , Rihanna embarked on her fourth worldwide tour entitled the Diamonds World Tour .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0cebea3c177ce1d41981ef065d40689e", "text": "Panopticon (album) Panopticon is the third full-length album by Los Angeles , California based post-metal band ISIS , released by Ipecac Recordings in 2004 . The album 's title is derived from philosopher Jeremy Bentham 's panopticon prison ideal and philosopher/historian Michel Foucault 's later allegorical appropriation of the concept . The liner notes also include quotes from technology writer Howard Rheingold and futurist Alex Steffen ; as a concept album , Panopticon '' 's focus is on the proliferation of surveillance technologies throughout modern society and the government 's role in that spread . Critical response to Panopticon was generally very warm ; as it followed 2002 's critically acclaimed Oceanic , many reviewers were quick to hold the two in comparison . The consensus was that Panopticon represented a progression , of sorts . The album 's sound continued Isis ' departure from the strictures of sludge and metal -- which had been the hallmarks of their earlier material -- and continued along the trajectory of post-metal , achieved by heightened use of melody and clean vocals . On April 29 , 2014 a deluxe version of Panopticon '' , remastered by Mika Jussila , was released by Ipecac Recordings . It contains extra music in the transitions to and from `` Wills Dissolve , '' adding 10 seconds to the overall running time of the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ebea77d0ef34c9d96b8cd0f5e99eae2", "text": "MTV Unplugged (Thirty Seconds to Mars EP) MTV Unplugged is an extended play ( EP ) and live album by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars , released in the United States on August 19 , 2011 by Virgin Records . It features an acoustic performance taped at Sony Music Studios in New York City on May 13 of that year for the television series MTV Unplugged . The show 's purpose is to present name artists , and feature them stripped of studio equipment . The performance was accompanied by musicians from the Vitamin String Quartet , a gospel choir and included the contribution of the band 's fans . The extended play includes rearranged versions of three songs extracted from Thirty Seconds to Mars ' third studio album , This Is War ( 2009 ) , and a cover version of a song by U2 . Upon release , MTV Unplugged received universal acclaim from music critics , many of whom complimented the band 's musicianship and the album 's production . Commercially , it debuted at number 76 on the Billboard 200 and experienced moderate success in some international markets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc418c215cdd3149dcfa0b0f94c06d3", "text": "Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics . Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity . The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "139d6bb4ace794bb5fd1813d5ba0fda4", "text": "Cromagnetic Cromagnetic is an album by Gruvis Malt . It was released independently in 1998", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a6cccab741eb5eb281e3138a103a88f", "text": "Sex Style Sex Style is the second studio album by Ultramagnetic MCs member Kool Keith . The album was released on February 3 , 1997 . It is a dirty rap concept album utilizing a lyrical style Keith referred to as `` pornocore '' . Although the album did not chart , it was reissued in 2006 with a bonus track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b9b46cf41ea147a341d3d58086d66d", "text": "Magnetized (album) Magnetized is the third studio album by Johnny Hates Jazz released on May 24 , 2013 . This album was the band 's first album in 22 years , after Tall Stories and the departure of fellow bandmates Calvin Hayes and Phil Thornalley . The album , was followed by the release of the same-titled lead single , along with a corresponding music video . The album peaked at # 102 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72158b751235ec16c0fdabe40587435e", "text": "Rising Down Rising Down is the eighth studio album by American hip hop band The Roots , released April 28 , 2008 on Def Jam Recordings . The album 's title is adapted from William T. Vollmann 's book Rising Up and Rising Down : Some Thoughts on Violence , Freedom and Urgent Means ( 2004 ) . Expanding on the dark , dense production and political tone of Game Theory ( 2006 ) , Rising Down features lyrical themes concerning issues of contemporary society , including violence , poverty , social and environmental climate , drugs , police corruption , and the music industry . The album debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 54,000 copies in its first week . It charted modestly in other countries and achieved moderate sales success . Upon its release , Rising Down received generally positive reviews from most music critics . Music critic Robert Christgau named it the ninth best album of 2008 . The album has sold 171,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1586463473c6db7ecc0a9cb5801013e", "text": "Part of the Game Part of the Game is the fifth album by the California soft rock group Pablo Cruise . The album marked a decline in the band 's popularity , as it managed only to reach # 39 in the United States . One single was released from the album : `` I Want You Tonight '' , reaching # 19 in the United States . The band called the album a transition into a blend of disco to take advantage of the extreme popularity of that type of music at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3ec404a2704f1251b8adec57ee53a", "text": "Revolver (The Haunted album) Revolver ( stylized as rEVOLVEr ) is the fourth studio album by The Haunted . It was released on 18 October 2004 . After having been absent for the last two studio albums , Peter Dolving was once again back in the band and provided the vocals for rEVOLVEr . He would remain with the band until he left once again in 2012 . As the album title attempts to make clear with its stylization ( i.e. with the word `` EVOLVE '' printed in upper case letters between the two r 's ) , the band made a conscious decision to slightly tweak ( or `` evolve '' ) its songwriting on this particular album . As a result , rEVOLVEr contains some elements that were hitherto absent on previous The Haunted albums . Although the album still contains examples of the band 's familiar thrash metal sound ( e.g. No Compromise , Sabotage , Sweet Relief ) , it features considerably more mid-paced riffing ( e.g. 99 , Burnt to a Shell , Fire Alive ) than in any of their previous albums . Two of the tracks even have ballad elements interspersed in them ( Abysmal and My Shadow ) . Also notable is that rEVOLVEr has quite a few instances of clean singing in it , although the vast majority of the vocal tracking was still done in The Haunted 's traditional hardcore/metalcore style of screaming . A limited edition digipak of this CD contained two bonus tracks , and different artwork . A music video was made for `` No Compromise '' which featured Mark Greenway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce68dea05650a4f908cc288c9e7947d1", "text": "MTV Unplugged (Alanis Morissette album) MTV Unplugged is the first live album by Canadian singer-songwriter Alanis Morissette , released by Maverick Records in the United States on November 9 , 1999 ( see 1999 in music ) . It comprises songs performed by Morissette on the television program MTV Unplugged . Twelve tracks were included on the album , but Morissette performed several others , including `` Baba '' , `` Thank U '' ( both from 1998 's Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie ) and `` Your House '' ( the hidden track on 1995 's Jagged Little Pill ) , during her Unplugged concert . These were later released as B-sides on the `` King of Pain '' single release . The first single , `` That I Would Be Good '' , was moderately successful , and two other tracks , `` King of Pain '' ( a cover of the song by The Police ) and `` You Learn '' were released as singles outside North America . As of March 2012 , the album has sold 673,000 copies in the U.S. In addition to material from Morissette 's first two U.S. albums , MTV Unplugged featured performances of `` No Pressure over Cappuccino '' and `` Princes Familiar '' , two previously unreleased songs from her tours , and `` These R the Thoughts '' , a previously released b-side . Morissette has stated that `` Princes Familiar '' in particular is one of her favorite and most vocally challenging songs . She performed it on her 2005 Diamond Wink Tour , where she dedicated it to `` all of the dads in the audience . '' The ballad `` No Pressure over Cappuccino '' , one of the first songs she wrote following the release of Jagged Little Pill , `` was inspired by -LSB- her -RSB- twin brother , '' Wade . Featuring cleaner vocals , slower arrangements and a few drastic reinventions ( particularly in the case of `` You Oughta Know '' ) , MTV Unplugged foreshadowed much of Morissette 's later , softer work , particularly 2005 's Jagged Little Pill Acoustic and the accompanying Diamond Wink Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7935d68bfd45c812e2b0b1a036c44c6", "text": "Naïve (album) Naïve is the fifth album by industrial rock group KMFDM . It was released on November 15 , 1990 . It was recorded in Hamburg , Germany upon KMFDM 's return from their first visit to America and subsequent tour with Ministry . It was also the first record that they released after signing directly to Wax Trax ! Records . The album was out of print for over a decade due to copyright infringement : the seventh track , `` Liebeslied '' , used unauthorized samples from a recording of `` O Fortuna '' , from Carl Orff 's 1930s cantata Carmina Burana . The album was recalled approximately three years after being released . Copies today are rare and considered collector 's items . In addition to this , `` Godlike '' samples `` Angel of Death '' by Slayer and `` Go To Hell '' uses the same riff as Metallica 's `` Metal Militia '' , although re-performed ( and possibly just a coincidence given how simple the riff is ) . All of the tracks on the album , except for the original mixes of `` Die Now-Live Later '' , `` Liebeslied '' and `` Go to Hell '' were subsequently available on other discs . The album was re-released as Naïve / Hell to Go , with some songs remixed , in 1994 . A digitally remastered reissue of Naïve was released on November 21 , 2006 , along with Money and Angst . It was reissued with an edited version of the track `` Liebeslied '' without the offending sample . It also features the remixes that initially appeared on Naïve / Hell to Go .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604ea5f922ee9ae84063345ea4fc2310", "text": "Animal House (U.D.O. album) Animal House is the first album by U.D.O. after Udo Dirkschneider 's departure from Accept . It was recorded August -- October 1987 at Dierks Studios , Cologne . Released in 1987 , it charted at # 41 in Sweden . The performance of the song `` Lay Down the Law '' is credited to Accept and U.D.O. . Pulheimer Kinder - und Jugendchor contribute vocals to `` They Want War '' . In some releases a picture of the tour band including Dieter Rubach and Andy Susemihl was shown in the booklet . The album cover shows the line-up that recorded the album . An `` Animal House '' Tour followed in early 1988 . During this time they also toured with Guns N ' Roses , Lita Ford and Zodiac Mindwarp . After Rubach left the band , they supported Ozzy Osbourne on all European dates in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31eeacd1bd9fc7c5f991d1e2fd085f7b", "text": "¡Dos! ¡ Dos ! is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day . The album was released on November 9 , 2012 in Australia , November 12 in the United Kingdom and on November 13 in the United States through Reprise Records . It is the second installment in the ¡ Uno ! ¡ Dos ! ¡ Tré ! trilogy . Following its predecessor 's power pop style , ¡ Dos ! was billed as Green Day 's take on garage rock . The album garnered the highest average reviews of all three trilogy albums , receiving generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its dynamic style and catchy songs ; others found its music dull and observed filler on the album . It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 69,000 copies in the United States , a low for the band , becoming their first album since signing to a major record label to not sell 100,000 records in its first week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc2db90a7365f1bdfed0797e0cc6bf60", "text": "Illegal Art Illegal Art is a sampling record label that was started in 1998 . The label gained immediate notoriety from legal threats surrounding Deconstructing Beck , a compilation made exclusively from sampling Beck 's music . This was followed by two other theme-based compilations , Extracted Celluloid and Commercial Ad Hoc . All three were co-released with Negativland 's Seeland Records label and sponsored by RTMark . After these theme-based compilations , Illegal Art focused on artist releases . One of the most popular artists on the label is Girl Talk ( Gregg Gillis ) , who in 2006 released his third album , Night Ripper , to critical acclaim on the label , earning a Wired magazine Rave Award a year later . Illegal Art also released the Steinski Retrospective , spanning his work from 1983 -- 2006 . It includes the legendary `` Lessons '' , which have been described as `` one of the most desirable and prized bootleg recordings in hip hop '' ( Antidote ) . It also contains a variety of other essential tracks , and his critically acclaimed Nothing To Fear : A Rough Mix , an hour-long mashup that was produced for Solid Steel/BBC London and hailed as `` the closest to a masterpiece the genre has produced . '' As of April 2014 , Illegal Art 's website states that the label has been on an `` indefinite hiatus '' since 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d168a4614479dd76df78cfcc6510ce1e", "text": "On Parole On Parole is the first recording made by the band Motörhead . It was left unreleased at the time of its completion in 1976 , and it was not released until over three years later , on 8 December 1979 , after the commercial success of Overkill and Bomber that same year . It was released without the band 's permission , and they consequently distanced themselves from it upon its release . Originally intended for a 1976 release date , United Artists was not convinced of the album 's commercial potential and did not want to release it at the time . It would remain unreleased for over three years until Motörhead had made a name for themselves with commercial success of their three previous albums , and United Artists decided to cash in on this after the fact . As a result , it was not considered an official release by the band at the time and they did not want it released , as they had moved on , first to Chiswick Records and then Bronze Records , since then . It is still a contentious entry , in whatever format , within the band 's catalogue . This is due in main to the original line-up having already changed prior to its completion in the studio , the obvious sound differences to their previous three albums , and Motörhead 's stated opinions about how United Artists behaved as they did in 1976 towards them . Fans , critics and the band themselves remain divided as a result , hence its position in the ` Compilations ' section of their discography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e80a8e41a7619de8b80e52b2f20f3e4", "text": "Ultraphobic Ultraphobic is the fourth studio album by American rock band Warrant . Released on March 7 , 1995 on CMC International , after the apparent break-up of the band , the record was regarded as the band 's `` comeback '' album . It features former Kingdom Come and Wild Horses members Rick Steier and James Kottak who came in to replace original band members Joey Allen and Steven Sweet .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e012c7cfd423def6db6bd09c98e3e5f4	Dustin Hoffman is an actor.	[ { "docid": "213f620461fcfa95eb34d0c85c4adb76", "text": "Dustin Hoffman Dustin Lee Hoffman ( born August 8 , 1937 ) is an American actor and a director , with a career in film , television , and theatre since 1960 . Hoffman has been known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer , and in 1989 for Rain Man . Widely considered one of the finest actors in history , Hoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play , Eh ? , for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award . This achievement was soon followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock , the title character in The Graduate . Since that time , Hoffman 's career has largely been focused on the cinema , with sporadic returns to television and to the stage . Hoffman 's notable films include : Midnight Cowboy , Little Big Man , Straw Dogs , Papillon , Lenny , Marathon Man , All the President 's Men , Kramer vs. Kramer , Tootsie , Rain Man , Hook , and Wag the Dog . He made his directorial debut in 2012 , with Quartet . Along with 2 Academy Award wins , Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards , and he was nominated for 13 Golden Globes , winning 6 ( including an honorary award ) . He has won 4 BAFTAs , 3 Drama Desk Awards , 2 Emmy Awards , and a Genie Award . Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999 , and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b5cea54b83e71e133a0216eff212fe05", "text": "Earl Hammond Earl Hammond ( June 16 , 1921 -- May 1 , 2002 ) was an American theater , radio , film and television actor , and , in his later years , a voice actor for several animated films and TV series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f48201ac26eae38efbb726483e6c38b", "text": "Michael Hoffman Michael or Mike Hoffman may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ecb283a2c3efb8afb4981aa7998cd14", "text": "Lyle (film) Lyle is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Stewart Thorndike . The film tells the dramatic story of a mother grieving over the death of her toddler . The film stars actress Gaby Hoffman in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d05ea89798e73050b7435ce8e4d4e94", "text": "John Jay Hoffman John Hoffman was an Acting Attorney General of the State of New Jersey . He served from 2013 to 2016 , longer than any other Acting Attorney General in the State 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87e17d97b21620c16a8a0bbcf5f3eaa", "text": "Papillon (film) Papillon is a 1973 American crime drama prison film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner , based on the best-selling autobiography by the French convict Henri Charrière . The film stars Steve McQueen as Henri Charrière ( `` Papillon '' ) , and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega . Because it was filmed at remote locations , the film was quite expensive for the time ( $ 12 million ) , but it readily earned more than twice that in the first year of public distribution . The film 's title is French for `` Butterfly , '' referring to Charrière 's tattoo and nickname .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e034433a0daeea824abe13ea99aa0eec", "text": "John Hoffman (baseball) John Edward Hoffman ( October 31 , 1943 -- December 27 , 2001 ) was an American professional baseball player . He was a catcher whose career lasted seven seasons ( 1963 -- 1969 ) , including brief stints in Major League Baseball with the -- Houston Colt .45 s/Astros . Hoffman batted left-handed , threw right-handed , stood 6 ft tall and weighed 190 lb . Hoffman was one of several catching prospects ( among them John Bateman and Jerry Grote ) in the Houston organization of the mid-1960s . He appeared in eight Major League games and collected three hits , all singles , in 21 at bats , plus a base on balls . He also struggled as a batter in the minor leagues , where he batted .215 in 604 games played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f9792d3da225282c5caae5eb554c703", "text": "The Siege of Trencher's Farm The Siege of Trencher 's Farm ( 1969 ) is Psychological Horror-Thriller a novel by Scottish author Gordon Williams and first published by Secker & Warburg . The novel was adapted into the film Straw Dogs ( starring Dustin Hoffman ) by Sam Peckinpah in 1971 , and again in 2011 , under the same name . It was republished by Titan Books in 2011 with the same title as the films , Straw Dogs , to coincide with the release of the 2011 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ef0077c7883f2dd598fb550444edd", "text": "The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8f48b52fbc3d575b45e20e727e89198", "text": "Dustin (name) Dustin is a surname and mainly masculine given name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ee54f0fb35902b1ad52ee3b0da6ad8", "text": "The Early Four Track Recordings The Early Four Track Recordings '' is a compilation album by indie rock band Of Montreal . It contains early recordings from the band , with the song titles telling a fictional story about actor Dustin Hoffman . Though the titles feature Dustin Hoffman , the album name and content have nothing to do with him , and the titles were chosen only for humor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "602da3ec064923fa9f123b395e5b9c03", "text": "Tootsie Tootsie is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Dustin Hoffman , with a supporting cast that includes Bill Murray , Jessica Lange , Teri Garr , Dabney Coleman , Charles Durning , Geena Davis ( in her acting debut ) , and Doris Belack . The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job . The film was adapted by Larry Gelbart , Barry Levinson ( uncredited ) , Elaine May ( uncredited ) and Murray Schisgal from the story by Gelbart and Don McGuire . In 1998 , the Library of Congress deemed the film `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry . The theme song to the film , `` It Might Be You , '' which was sung by singer-songwriter Stephen Bishop , whose music was composed by Dave Grusin , and whose lyrics were written by Alan and Marilyn Bergman , was a Top 40 hit in the U.S. , and also hit 1 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "406e72f609b838eaf56a446e6f2ba9a7", "text": "Dustin Lee Abraham Dustin Lee Abraham is an American actor , producer and screenwriter . He penned the 2001 cult movie How High for Method Man and Redman . As of 2009 , he produces and writes for CSI : Crime Scene Investigation . On December 6 , 2007 , film director William Friedkin directed an episode of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , Cockroaches , written and produced by Abraham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e1747f924f1b08b2c2873aaf45048b", "text": "Otto Hoffman Otto Hoffman ( May 2 , 1879 -- June 23 , 1944 ) was an American film actor . He appeared in 199 films between 1915 and 1944 . He was born in New York City and died in Los Angeles , California from lung cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ca80ac8f89c0da3ee8dfa187d59aef", "text": "Dust (1985 film) Dust is a 1985 film directed by Marion Hänsel based on the J. M. Coetzee novel In the Heart of the Country . The film was shot in Spain and is a French-Belgian production . The film was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . It won the Silver Lion prize , awarded to the best first or second major work by a director , at the 1985 Venice Film Festival . The jury recognised Jane Birkin 's performance as amongst the best of the year , but decided not to award a best actress prize because all of the actresses they judged to have made the best performances were in films that won major awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "863efda629b325913633c3d5fa87d7f0", "text": "Decay (2015 film) Decay is a 2015 American psychological thriller film . Starring Rob Zabrecky , Jackie Hoffman , Lisa Howard , Elisha Yaffe , Hannah Barron and Reese Ehlinger . Written and Directed by Joseph Wartnerchaney it tells the story of a troubled middle-aged man who falls in love with a corpse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "136cf75ec089dc168e5a063dae4b8dae", "text": "Joel Manuel Hoffman Dr. Joel Manuel Hoffman ( also known under the pen name of J.M. Hoffman ) is an American scholar , writer , speaker , and novelist known for his criticism of the Christian fundamentalism 's style of Biblical interpretation . He has served as a translator for the ten volume series of My People 's Prayer Book .", "title": "" } ]	fever
741ac662c4036e7c8e33313dba17660c	Legion is the main character of an FX show.	[ { "docid": "3583f11260e0a9a28f894cf83c2e28dd", "text": "Legion (TV series) Legion is an American cable television series created for FX by Noah Hawley , based on the Marvel Comics character David Haller / Legion . It is connected to the X-Men film series , the first television series to be so , and is produced by FX Productions in association with Marvel Television . Hawley serves as showrunner on the series . Dan Stevens stars as Haller , a mutant diagnosed with schizophrenia at a young age . Rachel Keller , Aubrey Plaza , Bill Irwin , Jeremie Harris , Amber Midthunder , Katie Aselton , and Jean Smart also star . FX and Marvel Television announced a new collaboration to create a television series based on the X-Men character Legion in October 2015 , with Hawley signed on to write , and direct the pilot . Casting began by January 2016 , and filming took place in Vancouver . Hawley wanted to show Haller as an `` unreliable narrator '' , including mixing 1960s design with modern-day elements , and filming the series through the title character 's distorted view of reality . The eight-episode first season of Legion premiered at the Pacific Design Center on January 26 , 2017 , ahead of its FX debut on February 8 . The series received critical acclaim , particularly for its visuals and departure from superhero genre standards . A second season , of ten episodes , was ordered in March 2017 and is planned for a February 2018 release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2981e7b9ff7b1baf827ab20429da9f60", "text": "Legion (Marvel Comics) Legion ( David Charles Haller ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is the mutant son of Professor Charles Xavier and Gabrielle Haller . Legion takes the role of an antihero and has a severe mental illness including a form of dissociative identity disorder in which each of his alternate personas controls one of his many superpowers . Legion stars in his own TV series of the same name where he is portrayed by Dan Stevens .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3c0922197d19898911c5450ee6ff7460", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes (2004 team) The 2004 version of the Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team in the 31st century of the . The team is the third incarnation of the Legion of Super-Heroes after the 1958 and 1994 versions . It first appears in Teen Titans/Legion Special ( November 2004 ) and was created by Mark Waid and Barry Kitson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e721f22d480367b47760e1003b404cbf", "text": "Pilot (Bones) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the television series Bones , which premiered on the FOX network on September 13 , 2005 . It is written by series creator Hart Hanson and directed by Greg Yaitanes . It introduces the two main characters of the series , Dr. Temperance Brennan ( played by Emily Deschanel ) and FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth ( played by David Boreanaz ) , and their partnership in solving cases involving unidentified human remains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9304371daeb89b3b82108d9f50a3e550", "text": "Shadowhunters Shadowhunters ( also known as Shadowhunters : The Mortal Instruments ) is an American fantasy television series that is loosely based on The Mortal Instruments by Cassandra Clare , and developed for television by Ed Decter . It is the second adaptation of the novel series , after the 2013 film The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , which like Shadowhunters was produced by Constantin Film . The show received a straight-to-series order on March 30 , 2015 , and premiered on January 12 , 2016 on Freeform . In March 2016 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 20 episodes , which premiered on January 2 , 2017 . In April 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b10faf65f39752918e7ebe0096b4464", "text": "Alpha (The X-Files) `` Alpha '' is the sixteenth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network on March 28 , 1999 in the United States . The episode was written by Jeffrey Bell , and directed by Peter Markle . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` Alpha '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.1 , being watched by 17.7 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly negative reviews from critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Mulder and Scully investigate several killings blamed on an Asian dog called the Wanshang Dhole , thought to be extinct . Mulder and Scully join an obstinate Sheriff , a seemingly eccentric hunter , and a reclusive canine expert to find it . However , there is more mystery to the expert than meets the eye . `` Alpha '' was based on a single motif -- `` Scary dogs in the City '' -- written by Jeffrey Bell onto a notecard . The episode went through several drafts before being readied right before filming began . Several of the scenes featuring the Chinese freighter were created either through digital technology or through the combination of matte paintings and actual filmed footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275eb3e33def924426a2b08292171fe9", "text": "The X-Files (season 9) The ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on November 11 , 2001 , concluded on May 19 , 2002 , and consists of twenty episodes . The season takes place after Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) goes into hiding , following the events of the eighth season finale , `` Existence '' . As such , the main storyarc for the season follows Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , and Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) on their hunt to reveal a government conspiracy involving the elaborate creation of `` Super Soldiers '' . For this season , former series ' leads Duchovny and Anderson scaled back their involvement with the show , with the former only starring in the two episodes that formed the season finale , `` The Truth '' . Doggett and Reyes became the show 's central characters , and former recurring character Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) became a main character . Series creator Chris Carter had hopes that the show could continue on with new leads , and the opening credits were accordingly redesigned again . Season nine received mixed reviews by critics and garnered negative reaction from many long-time fans and viewers , partially because Duchovny did not make regular appearances on the show , after fulfilling his contract in the previous season . During this year , ratings for the season fell dramatically . Critics blamed it on what they considered an increasingly incoherent story arc , whilst the cast and crew ascribed the drop in viewership to the September 11 attacks . Regardless , Fox eventually decided to cancel the series . During the airing of season eight , Carter and The X-Files production team had created and aired a spinoff titled The Lone Gunmen . The show was unsuccessful and was cancelled before any story arcs were resolved , but The X-Files episode `` Jump the Shark '' was written to give closure to the series . The X-Files storyline was continued with the 2008 theatrical film The X Files : I Want to Believe and later with a tenth season in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93e636b66a673b411e265d5a1f5118ee", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) . Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star . The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fdd3bd713870daffb45238de1578fcd", "text": "Reaper (Marvel Comics) Reaper is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character known most notably as the Reaper whose real name is Pantu Hurageb , a mutant in the X-Force comic book series . He has been a villain in the main Marvel Universe but a hero in the Ultraverse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf5e8fae2871834f2d6c1fada99e5dd9", "text": "Devils You Know `` Devils You Know '' is the fourth episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they work with a rival organization to hunt Inhumans . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Paul Zbyszewski , and directed by Ron Underwood . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , Adrianne Palicki , and Henry Simmons . The visual effects for guest star Chad Lindberg 's Inhuman character 's abilities were provided by FuseFX . `` Devils You Know '' originally aired on ABC on October 20 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 3.85 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6796a606c0dbff31772d153fe5827946", "text": "Chaos Theory (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Chaos Theory '' is the seventh episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they deal with the monstrous Lash . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Lauren LeFranc , and directed by David Solomon . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , Adrianne Palicki , Henry Simmons , and Luke Mitchell . Matthew Willig guest stars as Lash , with Blair Underwood playing his human form , Andrew Garner . `` Chaos Theory '' originally aired on ABC on November 10 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 3.49 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3ac0d9b35b5fc98e56e3f1f59597bd9", "text": "Lexa (The 100) Lexa is a fictional character from the American post-apocalyptic science fiction television series The 100 , produced by The CW . The recurring television character ( portrayed by Alycia Debnam-Carey ) does not appear in the books on which the series is based . The commander of the allied Grounder clans , Lexa is proven to be a reasonable leader and strong warrior . She considers love a weakness , a view significantly impacted by the death of her girlfriend , Costia . Though she starts to show romantic feelings for Clarke Griffin ( leader of the Sky People ) and takes Clarke 's views into consideration , Lexa puts her people first , even at the expense of losing Clarke 's trust . Lexa has been well received by critics and fans , who consider her to be one of the show 's more interesting and complex characters . She has been a source of frequent debate ; one topic is how she was written off the series . Her relationship with Clarke , which was viewed as compelling , significantly impacted the LGBT community , and many viewers embraced it as a positive or tempestuous depiction of friendship , love , and betrayal . The relationship was , however , criticized for being unnecessarily tragic , leading the `` bury your gays '' trope to rise to a national debate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad511207d14bf63d9a7cf8c5596b89d0", "text": "The Bastard Executioner The Bastard Executioner is an American historical fiction drama television series , created by Kurt Sutter and aired on FX from September 15 , 2015 to November 17 , 2015 . On November 18 , 2015 , Sutter announced that FX had cancelled the series after one season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7257dd4f6aa5ebb59ae10716d394b9", "text": "Spartacus: Gods of the Arena Spartacus : Gods of the Arena is a television miniseries broadcast by American cable TV Starz , as a prequel to Spartacus , which premiered January 21 , 2011 . The series follows the character Gannicus ( Dustin Clare ) , the first gladiator representing Lentulus Batiatus to become Champion of Capua . Cast members and characters reprised from the original series include John Hannah as Batiatus , Lucy Lawless as Lucretia , Peter Mensah as Oenomaus , Nick E. Tarabay as Ashur , Lesley-Ann Brandt as Naevia , Antonio Te Maioha as Barca , and Manu Bennett as Crixus . The miniseries aired in Canada on Movie Central and The Movie Network , on Sky1 in the United Kingdom and on FX in Latin America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5421fa1fb49124f6a217b71b082496", "text": "The Things We Bury `` The Things We Bury '' is the eighth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they search for a hidden alien city , and discover secrets about their enemies . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle and directed by Milan Cheylov . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by principal cast members Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , and Nick Blood . Hayley Atwell reprises her role from other MCU projects in flashbacks with connections to the television series Agent Carter and the films Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier . `` The Things We Bury '' originally aired on ABC on November 18 , 2014 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.58 million viewers . The episode received a mostly positive critical response , with the episode 's flashback sequences , and the performance of MacLachlan , praised , but an issue of ` over-crowding ' of storylines was frequently brought up by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66929989e20841daee680999368aa8c2", "text": "Legion M Legion M ( founded 2016 ) is the world 's first fan-owned entertainment company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baf40c8b3db0e34dcbf024ae181f5602", "text": "Legion (Red Dwarf) `` Legion '' is the second episode of science fiction sit-com Red Dwarf Series VI and the 32nd in the series run . It was first broadcast on British television on 14 October 1993 , was written by Rob Grant & Doug Naylor and was directed by Andy de Emmony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e31a88f972125866e8085cb8fe73ca52", "text": "Wolverine (comic book) Wolverine is a number of Marvel Comics comic book series starring the X-Men member Wolverine . As of April 2013 , 323 issues and 11 annuals have been published . It is the original flagship title created for the character .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e5310f86111e5ddd0df5b474dda07d6e	Sunburn had William Daniels in it.	[ { "docid": "52586d1d4af15630cc44ea92183dc721", "text": "Sunburn (film) Sunburn is a 1979 British-American comedy film directed by Richard C. Sarafian and written by James Booth , John Daly and Stephen Oliver . It is based on the novel The Bind by Stanley Ellin . The film stars Farrah Fawcett , Charles Grodin , Art Carney , Joan Collins , William Daniels and John Hillerman . The film was released on August 10 , 1979 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ecb9be847649ebe6aa72403228ed04e5", "text": "An American Mosque __ NOTOC __ An American Mosque is a 2012 documentary produced by filmmaker David Washburn which first aired nationwide in the United States on July 11 , 2015 on PBS . It tells the story of the destruction by arson of a just-completed mosque , the Islamic Center of Yuba City , in rural California in 1994 . And it tells of its community and of its eventual rebuilding by Muslims joined by Sikhs , Mormons , other Christians and others of different faiths . BeliefNet called it `` a poignant story of hope and solidarity , in spite of hate , '' and suggested it gives a `` raw , yet honest reflection of life as a Muslim in America . '' The arson was the first hate-crime destroying a mosque in U.S. history . The Islamic Center had just been completed at an estimated cost of $ 1.8 million plus sweat equity of the Muslims of its rural community , including descendants of Pakistani who immigrated to the area 1902 . A fire marshal established that the blaze was started deliberately . Law enforcement reportedly were able to identify the probable perpetrator ( s ) of the crime but lacked sufficient evidence to name and prosecute them . The incident , seven years before 9/11 , attracted relatively little attention at the time , and this is suggested to have contributed to the failure of law enforcement to solve the crime . The documentary includes interviews of Muslim members of the mosque , law enforcement officers , and others in the community 20 years later . The replacement mosque was completed in 2000 . IMDB describes the film succinctly as : The film was to be screened and discussed at `` Neighbor to Neighbor '' , an East Bay partnership of Christian , Muslim and Jewish organizations , in an event including filmmaker Washburn . The artist promoting the event noted that Washburn considered gatherings like that to be important for being proactive rather than reactive : `` Although recent events like the terrorist killings in Paris and ongoing extremism by groups like ISIS , Boko Haram and al-Qaida cast dark shadows , Washburn said -LSB- by -RSB- reflecting on Islam in America , the focus of his documentary , the program will create a safe space where fears and frustrations can be shared . '' Washburn has elsewhere spoken of the timeliness of the film . The film premiered on TV on PBS TV in New York City in June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff525a58c8ba737c8f6ed944f80047a0", "text": "William Egan (gangster) William Egan ( June 7 , 1884 - October 31 , 1921 ) was a St. Louis politician and organized crime figure involved in bootlegging and illegal gambling . His brother was the namesake of the infamous Egan 's Rats . The son of a tough Irish-American saloonkeeper , Egan was born and raised in the Kerry Patch , then known as the riverfront Irish ghetto of St. Louis . By his teens , Willie had followed his older brother Thomas into the Kinney Gang . By the time Tom took over the street gang in 1904 , nineteen-year-old Willie was one of his best men . The Rats , at this point in time , specialized in political terrorism , armed robbery , extortion , and bootlegging . With the murder of Egan gangster Sam Young on April 4 , 1909 , Willie Egan inherited his saloon at the corner of Fourteenth and Franklin streets , which would remain a gang headquarters for over ten years . Generally quiet and reserved , Willie was nonetheless a tough street fighter who proved himself time and time again in action . However , Willie was n't as passionate and gregarious as his older brother Tom was . When original Egan 's Rat William `` Skippy '' Rohan was gunned down in Tom 's saloon on January 8 , 1916 , Tom Egan made plans to kill the shooter , Rat gangster Harry `` Cherries '' Dunn . Willie successfully argued from Dunn 's life , only to have `` Cherries '' go berserk later that year , killing Egan allies for trivial reasons . Willie tracked his former pal to the Typo Press Club on the night of September 19 , 1916 and watched as two of his men shot and killed Dunn . This touched off a gang war with the remnant of the old Bottoms Gang , a longtime rival of the Egan 's Rats . The Egans would ultimately prevail , eliminating the Bottoms Gang once and for all . Upon Tom Egan 's 1919 death , Willie took control of the Egan mob . He served as a constable under Judge Andy Gazzolo and a member of the Democratic City Committee . His right-hand man , William `` Dint '' Colbeck , served as his sergeant-at-arms . While Willie tried to maintain the gang 's bootlegging rackets , the younger members , known as `` red hots '' , began looking to high-risk robberies as a source of income . Willie Egan split with his long-time friend , Max Greenberg , when Maxie chisled Egan out of a whiskey shipment . While the two conversed on a downtown street corner on March 11 , 1921 , a gunman appeared out of nowhere and began shooting . Greenberg was shot through the face and another man , John Sweeney , was killed . Willie Egan himself was shot in the arm . It was widely believed that Willie engineered the attempt of Maxie 's life . After recovering and boasting connections to New York bootlegger Arnold Rothstein , Max Greenberg signed on with the Hogan Gang . While standing out in front of his Franklin Avenue saloon on Halloween night , 1921 , Willie Egan was fatally shot by gunmen in a passing automobile . It was said he gasped the names of his killers to Dint Colbeck , who rushed to his aid just after the shooting . Colbeck announced to his men that the shooters were James Hogan , John Doyle , and Luke Kennedy . The ensuing gang war rocked St. Louis and claimed well over a dozen lives ( including those of Doyle and Kennedy ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22978a68ddfdf7a0d35c0b1951ae66f8", "text": "Burnt by the Sun (disambiguation) Burnt by the Sun can refer to : Burnt by the Sun , a Russian film Burnt by the Sun 2 , a sequel to the above film Burnt by the Sun , a play by Peter Flannery , based on the film Burnt by the Sun ( band ) , an American metalcore band Burnt by the Sun ( EP )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61f974090b5659b23ae509454d9ab450", "text": "Sunbather (album) Sunbather is the second studio album by the American metal band Deafheaven . After the release of their debut record Roads to Judah , the then two piece group consisting of George Clarke and Kerry McCoy began work on Sunbather under the label Deathwish and recorded in several days in January 2013 . The recording process brought a third member into the fold with drummer Dan Tracy who would go on to become a permanent fixture of the band . The album was recorded in The Atomic Garden Recording Studio , owned by Jack Shirley who had been a long time producer of the band . Although Deafheaven had been strongly influenced by black metal as well as diverse other metal acts , their music drew comparisons from music critics to shoegaze , post-rock , and alternative rock sounds . This trend was further continued on Sunbather . The melancholic songs featured in the album include wall of sound arrangements that are found in many shoegazing and post-rock acts , producing dense sounds that sometimes breakdown into slower , melodic parts that are then topped with vocalist George Clarke 's reverb-soaked screaming style singing of lyrics . The album also contains a few interludes that include sampling , field recording , and droning . Sunbather was released in June 2013 and received universal critical acclaim , with Metacritic acknowledging it as `` the best-reviewed major album '' of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c487b4abc87b2fa356176e084889df9", "text": "Kate Daniels Kate Daniels ( born July 2 , 1953 in Richmond , Virginia ) is an American poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb58f2dab4e1b59e3fcb1ef83198083", "text": "Seven and the Sun Seven and the Sun was an American rock band best known for their 2002 single `` Walk with Me '' . Their song was used in the TV soap opera Passions and was also featured in the Columbia Pictures film , America 's Sweethearts starring Julia Roberts , Billy Crystal , John Cusack and Catherine Zeta-Jones . It received moderate air play on American radio , reaching number 38 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 , number 27 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 and number 40 on the Billboard Top 40 Tracks chart . `` Walk with Me '' was their only hit . Their song `` Jump ( The Velvet Rope ) '' was featured in the 2001 Warner Bros. film , Summer Catch starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. and Jessica Biel . In September , 2003 , their song `` Back to the Innocence '' was chosen to be the theme song for The John Walsh Show on NBC . A second album was recorded but never released and the band has since broken up . In 2007 , band members Seven Williams ( born Keith Volpone ) & Wally Brandt reformed as Whiskey Falls with more of a country/rock flare ( a la The Eagles ) along with Buck Johnson and Damon Johnson ( no relation ) . The self-titled debut album was released on September 25 , 2007 , on the Midas Records Nashville label . It produced two Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in `` Last Train Running '' ( # 32 ) and `` Falling Into You '' ( # 40 ) . A second album was never released . Seven Williams & Wally Brandt have since dedicated their time to their music production company , We3Kings Music writing and producing music for television and film . They have written the theme songs to NBC 's The John Walsh Show , Fox 's Tru Calling and The Simple Life and ABC 's The Two-Timer , NBC 's Minute to Win It , Tabatha 's Salon Makeover to Sarah Palin 's Alaska , Dance Moms and Ryan & Tatum : The O'Neals . They have also written cues and promos for several TV shows including NBC 's Las Vegas , Starting Over , Access Hollywood and Entertainment Tonight . Their major motion picture credits include America 's Sweethearts , Summer Catch and Columbia Pictures feature The Quest and most recently , 20th Century Fox Diary of a Wimpy Kid : Dog Days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc70dd5ef191d6b707e1488ef436c3d7", "text": "Duffy (film) Duffy is a 1968 Anglo-American comedy film directed by Robert Parrish and starring James Coburn , James Mason , Susannah York and James Fox . Originally called `` Avec-Avec '' , French for `` with-it '' , according to 1967 press reports , Columbia Pictures changed the title of the movie , despite the protests of the stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98f769dece744b11966cd45b6adf32e9", "text": "Showdown in the Sun Showdown in the Sun was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Ring of Honor ( ROH ) that took place over two consecutive days : Friday , March 30 and Saturday , March 31 , 2012 at the War Memorial Auditorium in Fort Lauderdale , Florida . All three of Ring of Honor 's championships were defended throughout the course of the weekend . The ROH World Championship was defended in a three-way match between champion Davey Richards , his former tag team partner Eddie Edwards and their mutual long-term rival Roderick Strong . All three wrestlers were scheduled for a `` Blind Destiny '' match on the second day , with the winner having to defend the championship against their respective opponent : Michael Elgin , Kevin Steen and Jay Lethal . ROH World Television Champion Jay Lethal defended his title against Kyle O'Reilly on the first day , while the ROH World Tag Team Championship were defended on the second day , by the Briscoe Brothers ( Jay and Mark ) against former champions Wrestling 's Greatest Tag Team ( Charlie Haas and Shelton Benjamin ) . Also on the card , the Young Bucks ( Nick and Matt Jackson ) faced the All Night Express ( Kenny King and Rhett Titus ) in tag team matches on both nights , with differing stipulations . Guest competitors not contracted to Ring of Honor also wrestled in matches over the weekend , most notably former WWE , World Championship Wrestling , and Extreme Championship Wrestling star Lance Storm , former ROH star and ( at the time ) NWA World Heavyweight Champion Adam Pearce , and Fire Ant , who was representing the Chikara promotion ( with whom ROH has a talent exchange agreement ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46f0a2a1929389869a6f58fbed168334", "text": "Sunshine in the Courtroom Act The Sunshine in the Courtroom Act is a bill to allow the broadcasting of U.S. District Court and U.S. Court of Appeals proceedings . The name of the bill is an apparent reference to Louis Brandeis ' remark that `` sunshine is the best disinfectant '' for ill-doings . The proposed act relates to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 53 , which states , `` Except as otherwise provided by a statute or these rules , the court must not permit the taking of photographs in the courtroom during judicial proceedings or the broadcasting of judicial proceedings from the courtroom . '' The bill was introduced in 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , and 2009 . The 2009 bill was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee . The Senate version is S. 657 , and the House version is H.R. 3054 . In 2009 , the Judicial Council of the 9th Circuit expressed interest in televising certain proceedings . In Congressional testimony , Ted Poe stated : When I was Assistant District Attorney , I spent my career trying criminal cases , and based on my experiences , I actually feel the cameras in the courtroom benefit a defendant . A public trial ensures fairness . That is the purpose of a public trial . It ensures professionalism by the lawyers and the judge , and a camera in the courtroom protects the defendant 's right to a public trial . Poe also opined that lawyers play to the jury , not to the camera , and that jurors stated they liked the camera inside the courtroom because they wanted the public to know what they heard `` instead of waiting to hear a 30-second sound bite from a newscaster who may or may not have the facts correct . '' Judge John R. Tunheim opposed the bill , stating that it could deny some defendants a fair trial ; e.g. a defendant corporation might forgo its right to a trial because it does not want its president to be cross-examined on television . He also expressed concern that televising trials could increase the incidence of threats against federal judges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4621d0953097b10281877f7a9f0d03a3", "text": "Canned Film Festival The Canned Film Festival is a comedy-based motion picture television series that was nationally syndicated during the late night hours in the United States for a single season in the summer of 1986 . With only a one-letter difference in the spelling , the name is an intentional play on the name for the Cannes Film Festival , the annual world-renowned film-screening celebration in Cannes , France . Not to be confused with the latter , the Canned Film Festival featured B movies as the centerpiece for each television episode , and was composed of short vignettes interwoven throughout the films . Boasting the tagline `` late night with the best of the worst '' , the series was promoted and sponsored by the Dr Pepper Company , whose then-tagline `` out-of-the-ordinary '' echoed the show 's collection of odd and strange movies . The series was created by Young & Rubicam , developed for television by Chelsea Communications , and distributed by LBS Communications . Although similar in style to the successful Mystery Science Theater 3000 series that aired a few years later , the Canned Film Festival differed in that its comedy scenes occurred strictly during the commercial intermissions instead of adding peanut gallery type satire during the actual run of the movies . In addition , the script , although comedic in nature , often reflected upon the serious contextual and cultural subjects contained in the featured movies , sometimes providing historical insight into their production . An example is seen during the episode featuring Project Moonbase , where female spaceship commanders were discussed as an accurate future prediction by the 1950s era movie , as were cordless telephones and big screen televisions . The featured B movies of the series were not full-length , and edited to fit the show 's approximately two-hour timeframe per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7ba6a7d8e3209443c94e1cc5730dc8", "text": "H. S. Kraft Hyman Solomon Kraft ( April 30 , 1899 -- July 29 , 1975 ) , aka Hy Kraft or H.S. Kraft , was an American screenwriter , playwright , and theatrical producer . Among the notable comedy plays that he wrote were Ten Per Cent ( 1932 ) , Poppa ( 1929 ) , Cafe Crown ( 1942 ) , and Top Banana ( 1952 ) . In 1964 Cafe Crown was revised as a Broadway musical produced by Philip Rose and Swanlee with music by Albert Hague and lyrics by Marty Brill . The musical plot is set in the early 1930s in and around the Cafe Crown at the corner of Second Avenue and 12th Street in New York City . It had one Broadway revival in 1989 . Hy Kraft 's 1954 musical play Top Banana was filmed for the screen and released as a movie in 1954 , starring Phil Silvers as a television comic trying to regain his ratings on TV . Feeling the show was a personal swipe at him , Milton Berle wrote of it , `` The only public attack I got any pleasure from was the one dreamed up by Hy Kraft and Johnny Mercer , and starring Phil Silvers . It was a big Broadway musical called Top Banana , in which Phil played an egomaniac named Jerry Biffle who had a top-rated television show and who directed his rehearsals with a whistle . It was a vicious and funny swipe at me , and I loved it so much , I offered to sue Hy Kraft for the publicity value . Anything to help . After all , I had put some money into the show . '' In 1950 Hy Kraft was made part of the Hollywood blacklist by the House Committee on Un-American Activities , after remarks by Artie Shaw . His screenwriting credits include Stormy Weather ( 1943 ) with Lena Horne and short story credit for Smartest Girl In Town ( 1936 ) and Champaign Waltz ( 1937 ) , in the latter case collaborating with Billy Wilder . He also contributed writing ( uncredited ) to Mark of the Vampire ( 1935 ) with Lionel Barrymore and Bela Lugosi . He wrote an autobiography , On My Way to the Theater , Macmillan , 1971 . The jacket reads , `` A lifetime 's stroll from New York 's Lower East Side to Broadway , with side trips to Hollywood , London , and Washington , D.C. , and singular associations with Victor Herbert , Theodore Dreiser , Sinclair Lewis , and the House Un-American Activities Committee . '' In 1968 , he signed the `` Writers and Editors War Tax Protest '' pledge , vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b3ad3bec5555866c8bdd1f949d59c61", "text": "Heartburn (novel) Heartburn is an autobiographical novel based on Nora Ephron 's life story about her marriage to and divorce from Carl Bernstein , her second husband . Originally published in 1983 , the novel largely focuses on his affair with Margaret Jay , the daughter of former British Prime Minister James Callaghan . Ephron also wrote the screenplay for the film based on the novel starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson . The novel is a vivid depiction of the breakdown of a marriage . Its strong autobiographical content provides insight into one of the `` power couples '' of the late 1970s . It is Nora Ephron 's first published novel but in it she mentions subjects that she would go on to feature in future work such as When Harry Met Sally and Julie & Julia . The narrator of the novel is Rachel Samstat , a food writer who is married to Mark Feldman , a political journalist . Rachel is a Jewish New Yorker who has moved to Washington , D.C. , to support her husband 's career . They have one son and Rachel is pregnant with their second child as the book begins . The book wittily describes the life of an upper middle class intellectual couple replete with neuroses -- Rachel is in group therapy , Mark agonizes over the mystifying disappearance of his socks . Threaded through the whole are recipes and anecdotes which drive the story along and humanize Samstat . In a New Yorker piece on novels that include recipes , Adam Gopnik writes , `` in Heartburn , the recipes serve both as a joke about what a food writer writing a novel would write and as a joke on novel-writing itself by someone who anticipates that she will not be treated as a ` real ' novelist . '' Rachel 's self-esteem takes a huge battering as Mark has an affair with Thelma Rice ( Margaret Jay ) and she takes her revenge by telling the Washington grapevine that Thelma has a venereal disease . The diamond engagement ring that is stolen from Rachel when she is at group therapy is pivotal to the plot . Remarkably she gets it back when the police catch the robber . The stone is loose in its setting and she takes it back to the `` family '' jeweler to get it fixed . Here she discovers that while she had been in the hospital giving birth , Mark had bought an expensive necklace for his lover Thelma . She sells the ring and the money enables her to go back to New York and start afresh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4eb8ae59f02c43a5c4239fa30225162e", "text": "Sunburn (TV series) Sunburn is a British television series that followed the lives of a group of British holiday reps. It was broadcast on BBC One between 16 January 1999 and 1 May 2000 , running for two series of six and eight episodes respectively . The first was set and filmed in Cyprus and the second in Algarve . The cast included Michelle Collins , Rebecca Callard , Sharon Small , George Layton and Sean Maguire , with Paul Nicholas joining later . The series was created by Mike Bullen , who was interested in the behind-the-scenes lives of holiday reps after watching the docusoap Holiday Reps. Bullen wrote most of the first series but scaled back his involvement in the second ; most of that series ' episodes were written by Lizzie Mickery . The series has never been released on video or DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565cf7253df6b3f13c52074269b39a38", "text": "Daniel Ryan (actor) Daniel Ryan ( born 1968 as Daniel O'Brien ) is an English actor and writer . He is known for starring as Darren Alexander in the BBC drama comedy Linda Green , Andrew Gilligan in The Government Inspector , Andy Coulson in Steel River Blues and Kenny Reed in The Whistleblowers . His stage credits include Macbeth , A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Richard III . He also appeared as a man who was severely brain-damaged after drink and driving , in part of the COI 's Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign . In 2008 he appeared in Gethsemane , a new play by David Hare at the National Theatre . He also took over the role of Harry ( Sandy 's husband ) in the special reunion episodes of BBC sitcom As Time Goes By alongside Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer , the first actor to portray the part being David Michaels . Ryan also appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode `` Midnight '' . In 2010 he was very well received for his performance in Posh by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre in London . As a writer , his work has been performed by the RSC and at the Edinburgh Festival . He appeared on the Teen Drama Skins as the father of the third generation character Rich Hardbeck in 2011 and 2012 . In 2014 , he appeared in Salting the Battlefield as Bill Catcheside . He is also known for playing the role of Dan in the Sky Living comedy-drama , Mount Pleasant since 2011 . In 2015 he appeared as Colonel Anthony Forbes-Leith in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 3.9 `` The Truth in the Wine '' . He has played Welsh butcher Bryn Brindsley in the ITV war-time drama Home Fires from 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cde6b7dfe95621f4cc4759a6f8acd3c9", "text": "Dancing Cigarettes The Cigarettes are a popular post-punk and art band based in Bloomington , Indiana and active from 1979 through 1983 . They were part of a cadre of Bloomington-based bands that made an impact on the underground music scene . Other bands included The Gizmos , Zero Boys , Dow Jones and the Industrials , and MX-80 Sound . These bands established Indiana as an innovative breeding ground for punk , post-punk and new wave music in the late 1970s and early 1980s . The group changed line-ups frequently , but typically consisted of singer/guitarist Michael Gitlin , bassist Emily Bonus , keyboardists and multi-instrumentalists Tim Noe and Jaclyn Oddi , drummer John Terrill , and saxophonist Don Trubey . More avant-pop than post-punk , their music was as eclectic as their members ' musical talents would lead one to believe , ranging from squonky Beefheart rock to bouncy Devo-esque new wave , as evidenced by the brilliant `` Pop Doormat '' , which opens with a deceptively anthemic synth line , then uses an ebullient bass and keyboard melody to underscore a disconsolate lyrical theme that wraps with the repeated question `` What am I waiting for ? '' The band performed regularly in numerous venues in Bloomington , including Second Story , Bullwinkle 's , the Bluebird , and The Gentry Remedy . The band also traveled extensively and performed a venues throughout the US , including CBGB in New York , the Music Box in Kansas City , Mister Goodbar in Buffalo , Tewligans in Louisville , Space Place in Chicago , and many others . The Cigarettes ' musical style is most frequently characterized by the repeated use of hard dissonances ( minor 2nd 's , major 7th 's ) in combination with angular rhythmic patterns . At times , dissonances are densely packed , as in the thick web of atonal clusters supporting the lyrics of `` Broken Windows . '' A more spacious use of dissonance is found in `` Simple Machines , '' clarified by an intriguing orchestration of the band 's various instrumental sounds . `` Puppies in a Sack '' and `` Piano Lesson/Smith Street '' share a similar `` additive process '' technique in the gradual building of their dissonant and polytonal textures . Combined with this predominantly modular organization of material is a powerful sense of linear motion frequently provided by the band 's lyrics . Often the emotive verbal scenarios create tenuous implications of direction which counteract the clouds of tonal density . In `` Puppies in a Sack , '' the relentless repetition of `` It was fun for a while '' evokes a resignation to nostalgia , which is arrested by the plaintive admission , `` But that was a while ago ! '' The group recorded frequently but released very little material ( one 7 '' EP and a few appearances on compilations ) while they were a performing organization . Two CDs of their material have been released in the years since the band broke up . Discography 1981 , Red Snerts : The Sound of Gulcher LP ( Gulcher 004 ) Various Artists sampler including `` Broken Windows '' . This has been reissued on CD as Gulcher 404 1981 , The Gulcher 7 '' EP ( Gulcher 007 ) Puppies In A Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend 1981 , Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 101 ) Burn in Heaven 1982 , Son of Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 103 ) Dance Dogs Dance 1996 , The School of Secret Music CD ( Turnstile Media TM-2 ) Studio : Bells are Ringing , Burn in Heaven , Jungle Book , Golden Moment , Razor Hand , Heat Pump , Dance Dogs Dance , Bury Your Picture.Live Studio Radio Recordings from Lawrence , Kansas : Poignant , Piano Lesson/Smith Street , Burnt Toast , Nervous and Wrong , Bad Bad Boy , Up Thru the Spiral , Spanish Modern/Insect Boxing , Feel this Pain , Pop Doormat , `` D '' in Anger 2002 , The Gulcher Recordings : 1980-1981 CDStudio : Puppies in a Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend , Broken Windows , Simple Machines , Poignant ( the final two being outtakes from the EP sessions ) Live at the Bluebird , June 1981 : Whattayawannadonext ? , Mr. Morse , Puppies in a Sack , Talking and Talking , Feel This Pain , Finger Pictures/Razor Hand , Eggs Any Style/Diet of Worms , Banana Industrial Complex , Monsters Eat My Hell , Jackie O/Too Mental For Me , Drawn By You , Burn in Heaven 2016 , Dance Dogs Dance LP ( Magnetic South MS 048 ) Side 1 : Dance Dogs Dance , I Do n't Like Linoleum , Burn in Heaven , Pop Doormat , Bad Bad Boy , Finger Pictures , Razor Hand , Side 2 : Bells are Ringing , Golden Moment , Poignant , Drawn by You , Little Green Thing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e887fbb597ee9e47eda903d95b30de8c", "text": "Lynching of William Burns William Burns was a mixed-race or black man lynched on October 6 , 1907 in Cumberland , Maryland for the murder of white Cumberland police officer August Baker . Officer Baker attempted to arrest Burns , but Burns resisted and shot Baker in a scuffle . Burns was then arrested and taken to the Cumberland Jail . Several days later , Baker died in hospital and a mob of 50 men with their coats turned inside out and handkerchiefs over their faces gathered outside the jail at 12:40 am . The mob tore down a telegraph pole and used it to batter down the doors to the jail . Burns was dragged out of his cell after the deputy on duty handed over the keys to the cell at gunpoint . Burns was taken outside `` peppered with bullets '' and left to die . The crowd wanted to hang Burns , but they could n't find a rope . The Allegany County Commissioners offered a reward of $ 500 for the arrest and conviction of the people who took Burns from the jail . Benjamin A. Richmond , an associate of Governor Lloyd Lowndes , Jr. stated that a number of prominent men from Cumberland and vicinity were involved in the lynching .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8459c8f30e481ac2f8552acfdc08d69e", "text": "American Vampire American Vampire is an American Eisner Award-winning comic book series created by writer Scott Snyder and drawn by artist Rafael Albuquerque . The series imagines vampires as a population made up of many different secret species , and charts moments of vampire evolution and inter-species conflict throughout history . The focus of the series is a new American bloodline of vampires , born in the American West in the late 19th century . The first of this new species is a notorious outlaw named Skinner Sweet , who wakes from death , after being infected , to find he has become a new kind of vampire , something stronger and faster than what came before , impervious to sunlight , with a new set of strengths and weaknesses . The series goes on to track his movements through various decades of American history -- along with the movements of his first and only known progeny : Pearl Jones , a young woman working as a struggling actress in the 1920s silent film industry when she is attacked by a coven of European vampires hiding in Hollywood . Sweet saves her ( uncharacteristically ) by giving her his blood , thereby turning her into an American vampire like him , at which point she seeks revenge on the classic vampires who attacked her in life . The complicated and charged relationship Jones has with Sweet is another focus of the series . The first five issues featured two stories -- one by Snyder and the other by Stephen King , both drawn by Rafael Albuquerque . As of the sixth issue , Scott Snyder has taken over as sole writer . American Vampire has spun off two mini-series . The first , `` Survival of the Fittest '' , illustrated by Sean Murphy focuses on the cases files of the V.M.S. , the vampire hunting organization of the series . The second , `` Lord of Nightmares '' , illustrated by Dustin Nguyen further focuses on the mythology presented by Survival of the Fittest . In June 2013 , a one shot co-written by Snyder and Albuquerque ( who also illustrates the 64-page issue ) , entitled `` Long Road to Hell '' which features vampire hunter Travis Kidd , was released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "572b4d1165e700bbe47e568a64685ef6", "text": "William Gibson William Ford Gibson ( born March 17 , 1948 ) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as cyberpunk . Beginning his writing career in the late 1970s , his early works were noir , near-future stories that explored the effects of technology , cybernetics , and computer networks on humans -- a `` combination of lowlife and high tech '' -- and helped to create an iconography for the information age before the ubiquity of the Internet in the 1990s . Gibson notably coined the term `` cyberspace '' in his short story `` Burning Chrome '' ( 1982 ) and later popularized the concept in his acclaimed debut novel Neuromancer ( 1984 ) . These early works have been credited with `` renovating '' science fiction literature after it had fallen largely into insignificance in the 1970s . After expanding on Neuromancer with two more novels to complete the dystopic Sprawl trilogy , Gibson collaborated with Bruce Sterling on the alternate history novel The Difference Engine ( 1990 ) , which became an important work of the science fiction subgenre steampunk . In the 1990s , Gibson composed the Bridge trilogy of novels , which explored the sociological developments of near-future urban environments , postindustrial society , and late capitalism . Following the turn of the century and the events of 9/11 , Gibson emerged with a string of increasingly realist novels -- Pattern Recognition ( 2003 ) , Spook Country ( 2007 ) , and Zero History ( 2010 ) -- set in a roughly contemporary world . These works saw his name reach mainstream bestseller lists for the first time . His more recent novel , The Peripheral ( 2014 ) , returned to a more overt engagement with technology and recognizable science fiction concerns . In 1999 , The Guardian described Gibson as `` probably the most important novelist of the past two decades , '' while the Sydney Morning Herald called him the `` noir prophet '' of cyberpunk . Throughout his career , Gibson has written more than 20 short stories and 10 critically acclaimed novels ( one in collaboration ) , contributed articles to several major publications , and collaborated extensively with performance artists , filmmakers , and musicians . His work has been cited as an influence across a variety of disciplines spanning academia , design , film , literature , music , cyberculture , and technology .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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